WEBVTT - How the Moon Works 0:00:00.280 --> 0:00:02.920 Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve Camray. 0:00:03.160 --> 0:00:07.560 It's ready. Are you welcome to Stuff you should know? 0:00:08.160 --> 0:00:16.400 From house Stuff Works dot Com? Hey, and welcome to 0:00:16.440 --> 0:00:19.400 the podcast. I'm Josh Clark. With me is always as 0:00:19.440 --> 0:00:24.279 a very reluctant Charles W. Checkers Bryant not always reluctant. 0:00:24.880 --> 0:00:28.680 Always here with me as always sometimes reluctant as a 0:00:28.760 --> 0:00:33.320 reluctant Chuck Bryant. How's it going, Josh? It's going fine 0:00:33.400 --> 0:00:35.960 for me. I'm great, dude. I'm going to see Bob 0:00:36.040 --> 0:00:39.800 Dylman tonight. Are you really living legend with Leon red 0:00:39.840 --> 0:00:43.640 Bone or Russell? Yeah? Russell right, Yeah, he's opened up 0:00:43.640 --> 0:00:45.720 at me. I don't really care about that. I always 0:00:45.720 --> 0:00:52.440 confusing with Acre Winner. Yeah yeah, just they kind of 0:00:52.440 --> 0:00:55.800 look alike. Yeah. Well that's all I have to say 0:00:55.800 --> 0:00:59.800 about that. Okay, Um, Chuck, you're ready, I'm ready? Okay. 0:00:59.800 --> 0:01:05.000 So um back in November nineteen sixty six, are you 0:01:05.040 --> 0:01:07.480 ready for this? We should probably say first, let me 0:01:07.520 --> 0:01:10.520 tell you, Chuck, we're gonna make it through this. Okay, 0:01:10.560 --> 0:01:14.480 I have PTSD from the Sun podcast. We need to 0:01:14.480 --> 0:01:16.920 do PTSD. I always forget that. Let me just write 0:01:16.959 --> 0:01:21.120 that down alright, PTSD, Yes, and now we're doing the 0:01:21.160 --> 0:01:24.840 Moon podcast, which really, aside from the orbital dynamics, has 0:01:24.880 --> 0:01:28.080 almost no physics to it whatsoever. This is it'll be 0:01:28.120 --> 0:01:30.160 better than the Sun. Okay, So still a little mind 0:01:30.240 --> 0:01:33.120 numbing for me. It'll be okay, we'll make it interesting, alright. 0:01:33.200 --> 0:01:37.240 So back in November nineteen sixty six, uh, there was 0:01:37.400 --> 0:01:41.520 a lunar orbiter called the Orbiter two because it was 0:01:41.560 --> 0:01:45.679 the second one UM and it was flying around the 0:01:45.680 --> 0:01:49.480 Moon taking pictures of it for the impending moon landing 0:01:49.640 --> 0:01:52.960 that the Apollo program was leading up toward, right exciting, 0:01:53.240 --> 0:01:57.200 and it had taken its last bit of film, last picture, 0:01:57.680 --> 0:01:59.720 and it actually took what's called the picture of the 0:01:59.760 --> 0:02:01.960 Sun Tree, or it was at the time. It was 0:02:02.040 --> 0:02:04.920 this kind of side shot of the Moon rather than 0:02:05.000 --> 0:02:07.080 from above. It was almost like from the side, so 0:02:07.200 --> 0:02:09.680 you could see the elevation and everything, and it just 0:02:09.760 --> 0:02:13.520 looked like a new view of the Moon. So anyway, 0:02:13.560 --> 0:02:17.400 the the NASA controllers tell orbiter to go ahead and 0:02:17.400 --> 0:02:20.480 crash land, and it did on the dark side of 0:02:20.480 --> 0:02:24.480 the Moon, never to be heard from again until like 0:02:24.520 --> 0:02:28.600 a week ago when another lunar orbiter which was taking 0:02:28.639 --> 0:02:32.440 pictures for the Moon based program. It's not around anymore. 0:02:32.720 --> 0:02:38.359 We got canceled. Um caught this kind of crater, a 0:02:38.400 --> 0:02:43.160 butterfly shaped crater that's um characteristic of a low trajectory landing. 0:02:43.840 --> 0:02:48.519 Was that it and Um, it's exactly where NASA thought 0:02:48.520 --> 0:02:52.440 it would be. So there you go. One of the 0:02:52.480 --> 0:02:56.480 mysteries of the Moon, salt, the the the Yeah. This 0:02:56.480 --> 0:02:59.720 this thing's been sitting there for you know, forty years, 0:03:00.080 --> 0:03:03.760 chimp or anything like a chip. But I mean you 0:03:03.800 --> 0:03:07.400 just to think of this like lunar orbiter crashed by itself, 0:03:07.480 --> 0:03:09.600 sitting on the dark side of the Moon for forty years. 0:03:09.600 --> 0:03:12.200 That's it's lonely. It's chilling, isn't it. It is. Have 0:03:12.280 --> 0:03:15.839 you seen the movie Moon? Yes, enjoyed that very much. 0:03:16.080 --> 0:03:18.600 You know the guy who directed that, Duncan Jones. That's 0:03:18.800 --> 0:03:23.560 Um Bowie. Yeah, Bowie's son. Yeah, imagine David Bowie being 0:03:23.600 --> 0:03:26.400 your dad. I want to see him perform live more 0:03:26.440 --> 0:03:29.160 than anything else ever, and I don't think he'll ever 0:03:29.200 --> 0:03:31.680 do it. Oh, he doesn't perform any longer. No, he 0:03:31.680 --> 0:03:34.840 hadn't played. I think his last tour was like ten 0:03:34.920 --> 0:03:37.080 years ago or something. And he kind of said this 0:03:37.160 --> 0:03:40.440 is it? Huh, come see me. I'll be on my 0:03:40.480 --> 0:03:43.120 Hawaiian island with him. On is that he lives in 0:03:43.160 --> 0:03:47.000 an island? Well, he has a place in Kauai. I'm 0:03:47.040 --> 0:03:50.400 sure he'd spend some time there. Very nice. Sorry, so 0:03:51.480 --> 0:03:56.520 can you see where? Like really trying to put this on? Yeah, anyway, Yes, 0:03:56.840 --> 0:03:59.280 the Moon is a good movie. And the Moon is 0:03:59.280 --> 0:04:03.400 a good um planetary satellite to Earth. It does all 0:04:03.440 --> 0:04:05.920 sorts of cool beneficial things for Earth. Did you know 0:04:06.000 --> 0:04:09.920 that it has an influence on Earth? So let's talk 0:04:09.960 --> 0:04:12.440 about the moon, Chuck. She would go all the way back, 0:04:12.600 --> 0:04:17.600 Josh too, at the times of Aristotle. Why not Aristotle? Josh, 0:04:17.680 --> 0:04:20.119 as we all know, I believed in the geocentric model 0:04:20.120 --> 0:04:23.560 of the universe. Galileo said, no, no, no, you're wrong. 0:04:24.120 --> 0:04:27.720 It's heliocentric. And apparently he came to that conclusion by 0:04:27.760 --> 0:04:31.479 studying the moon. Yeah, basically, like the Sun is the 0:04:31.480 --> 0:04:35.279 center of the universe, jerk, not the Earth. And uh, 0:04:35.320 --> 0:04:38.040 they said, you know what, that's heresy and you're gonna 0:04:38.040 --> 0:04:39.880 be under house arrest for the rest of your life. 0:04:40.400 --> 0:04:42.680 And he's like, I have a lot of wine and 0:04:42.760 --> 0:04:44.560 cheese in my house and that's not so bad, and 0:04:44.600 --> 0:04:47.520 I didn't need much anyway, so I don't like the 0:04:47.520 --> 0:04:50.039 outside world. But at first, you know, and I guess 0:04:50.040 --> 0:04:52.360 he had a better telescope or something, because Galileo saw 0:04:52.400 --> 0:04:54.880 a lot more detail, it sounds like than Aristotle did. 0:04:55.440 --> 0:04:58.200 I don't think Aristotle had a telescope. Was that the deal? 0:04:58.320 --> 0:05:00.040 I think that he was just looking at it. I 0:05:00.040 --> 0:05:02.600 think Copernicus was the first one to look through a telescope, 0:05:03.440 --> 0:05:07.400 or Galileo was before Copernicus. A Copernicus had a nicer telescope. 0:05:08.080 --> 0:05:10.560 I think Galileo came after Copernicus. All right, well, then 0:05:10.560 --> 0:05:12.520 that's the way it went. We're gonna get this wrong. 0:05:12.680 --> 0:05:15.840 We totally are, but continue, chuck. But the point is 0:05:16.120 --> 0:05:18.599 Aristotle thought the Earth was the center in the universe, 0:05:18.640 --> 0:05:22.599 and that the Moon had dark spots and light spots 0:05:22.680 --> 0:05:27.840 they thought were sees, right, Maria, Yes, I looked up 0:05:27.839 --> 0:05:31.760 a bunch of pronunciations on this one, by the way, Maria, Yeah, no, 0:05:31.839 --> 0:05:36.760 that sounds right. And uh, the lighter spots were correctly 0:05:36.800 --> 0:05:40.160 perceived to be land or terry. Yeah, but it's all land. 0:05:40.240 --> 0:05:43.320 As it turns out. It does turn out the moon 0:05:43.480 --> 0:05:47.240 is kind of boring place. Yeah, you think, I think 0:05:47.480 --> 0:05:51.279 as a as a destination, Yes, I think it's incredibly boring. 0:05:53.320 --> 0:05:55.359 It'd be cool to go there. I'm sure it's the 0:05:55.360 --> 0:05:58.160 most thrilling thing in the world to do, or beyond 0:05:58.160 --> 0:06:00.080 the world to do, to go to the Moon and 0:06:00.200 --> 0:06:03.240 be on the Moon. But just you know, being back 0:06:03.240 --> 0:06:06.000 here on Earth and in discussing parts of it, like 0:06:06.200 --> 0:06:08.760 the moon as the destination's kind of boring. What the 0:06:08.800 --> 0:06:12.440 moon does, where the Moon came from. I think it's fascinating. 0:06:12.680 --> 0:06:14.760 I do too. And despite the fact that they were 0:06:14.800 --> 0:06:20.720 not sees, they still call the Maria sees. Yes, Tranquility, Yeah, 0:06:20.760 --> 0:06:27.240 mar Tranquility or mar twin Quillium, etcetera, etcetera. And the 0:06:27.240 --> 0:06:31.039 Sea of Tranquility is where the first moon landing took place. 0:06:31.360 --> 0:06:33.000 They thought it looks like a nice place to land. 0:06:33.040 --> 0:06:37.479 And that was forty three years ago this month when 0:06:37.480 --> 0:06:40.159 we're recording, when this comes out, it will be last month. 0:06:40.760 --> 0:06:45.159 But um, that that um buzz Aldrin, right, who never 0:06:45.200 --> 0:06:48.800 gets mentioned? First? Yeah, Neil Armstrong. Second, how about that 0:06:49.080 --> 0:06:52.640 um landed on the moon. Apparently buzz Aldre was the 0:06:52.640 --> 0:06:56.599 first person to um urinate on the moon. Yeah, Neil 0:06:56.680 --> 0:06:59.240 Armstrong didn't buzz did while they were there, not on 0:06:59.279 --> 0:07:03.320 the moon, but while on the moon. While on the moon, okay, yeah, um, 0:07:03.480 --> 0:07:05.680 and uh you always have to church it up then, Well, 0:07:05.720 --> 0:07:08.520 I mean that's disrespectful. He literally on the surface of 0:07:08.520 --> 0:07:11.080 the Moon. I think something probably really bad would happen 0:07:11.120 --> 0:07:14.280 to his physiology if he tried to pee on the moon. 0:07:14.360 --> 0:07:16.920 Well it would float away anyway, right, yeah, but I 0:07:16.960 --> 0:07:22.880 mean he just implode, right, Okay, yeah, vacuum. And since 0:07:22.880 --> 0:07:24.880 I was guys, since Buzz Alburing first pete on the 0:07:24.920 --> 0:07:28.840 Moon in nineteen nine, um, for the following three years, 0:07:28.960 --> 0:07:31.720 twelve other Americans set foot on the Moon. And you 0:07:31.720 --> 0:07:35.040 don't hear a lot about that, supposedly, uh. And we're, 0:07:35.080 --> 0:07:37.160 as far as we know, the only people to set 0:07:37.200 --> 0:07:39.960 foot on the moon so far. Um. And they brought 0:07:40.040 --> 0:07:42.440 back about eight hundred and forty two pounds, which is 0:07:42.480 --> 0:07:46.800 threems of moon rock moon dust, and it was studied 0:07:47.200 --> 0:07:49.080 and then that's about it. That was all they had. 0:07:49.080 --> 0:07:50.440 They were like, well, I guess we can bring back 0:07:50.440 --> 0:07:53.160 some of these rocks and that's all over. What. Yeah, 0:07:53.400 --> 0:07:55.680 I told everybody on Earth, I'd bring him something, but 0:07:55.760 --> 0:07:58.920 there is nothing here. I wonder if if they got 0:07:58.920 --> 0:08:01.320 a little piece of rock. I'm sure they did. Surely 0:08:01.880 --> 0:08:03.920 you should be able to ask for that, right yeah. Okay, 0:08:03.960 --> 0:08:09.160 well yeah if you're the guy who went and got it, yeah, exactly. Um. 0:08:09.280 --> 0:08:12.120 And so since then, you know, since they brought back 0:08:12.200 --> 0:08:15.440 this moon rock, a lot of these questions that have 0:08:15.560 --> 0:08:20.320 been around since ancient times. Um, we're settled just really 0:08:20.320 --> 0:08:23.080 in the last like forty years or so. Like, I mean, 0:08:23.320 --> 0:08:26.720 we now know, okay for sure that there isn't water 0:08:26.800 --> 0:08:31.280 on the moontain. Supposedly there could be, um, but we 0:08:31.360 --> 0:08:33.680 now have a good idea thanks to the moon rocks 0:08:33.720 --> 0:08:37.400 how the moon was formed, which settled a longstanding debate, 0:08:37.559 --> 0:08:41.959 that's right. And um, yeah, and just being there, they 0:08:42.000 --> 0:08:44.000 found out a lot of stuff, like they're like, hey, 0:08:44.679 --> 0:08:48.520 it's just in a sea, it's all land about of 0:08:48.520 --> 0:08:53.480 it is uh the dark spots that you see, the Maria, Maria, 0:08:53.600 --> 0:08:59.080 the Maria, and it is the is the terra is 0:08:59.120 --> 0:09:05.000 that terry terry And uh that's the lighter parts of 0:09:05.000 --> 0:09:08.080 the moon that you see. And that's like mountainous, it's 0:09:08.120 --> 0:09:12.800 crazy steep mountains, craters, all kinds of things there on 0:09:12.840 --> 0:09:16.640 the terrat. Well yeah, because um, the Earth, the Earth 0:09:16.760 --> 0:09:22.280 was about four billion years ago, there were a lot 0:09:22.400 --> 0:09:26.400 of meteorites bombarding this neck of the Solar system, right, 0:09:26.760 --> 0:09:28.959 and the Earth took as many as the Moon, if 0:09:28.960 --> 0:09:31.920 not more. It still happens today every day meteorites at 0:09:31.920 --> 0:09:34.720 the Earth, but our atmosphere burns most of them up, 0:09:35.160 --> 0:09:37.160 and the ones that made it through the atmosphere and 0:09:37.160 --> 0:09:41.120 had made a substantial impact on the Earth um have 0:09:41.280 --> 0:09:45.760 been largely covered over by the biogeochemical processes that take 0:09:45.760 --> 0:09:48.960 place on Earth. The Moon is utterly devoided these things 0:09:49.000 --> 0:09:51.800 these days, and has been for about the last three 0:09:51.800 --> 0:09:54.800 billion years. So just about anything that's happened over the 0:09:54.880 --> 0:09:59.959 last three billion years, right, is just a few meteorite. 0:10:00.000 --> 0:10:03.200 It's some impacts here there, but for the most part, 0:10:03.360 --> 0:10:06.480 the Moon's surface was shaped and about four billion to 0:10:06.559 --> 0:10:08.920 three billion years ago, and it's remained the same ever 0:10:09.000 --> 0:10:13.200 since then. In addition, they think there were volcanoes at 0:10:13.200 --> 0:10:17.400 one point on the Moon because they noticed rills like 0:10:17.480 --> 0:10:20.920 these channel channel like depressions that they think was from lava. 0:10:21.000 --> 0:10:24.560 They found old lava flows and lava tubes. So they said, hey, 0:10:24.679 --> 0:10:26.920 looks like there were some volcanoes here at one point. Yes, 0:10:27.040 --> 0:10:30.640 and that accounts for a lot of stuff on the Moon, 0:10:31.200 --> 0:10:35.040 but also some of its composition as well. No soil, No, 0:10:35.240 --> 0:10:38.720 it has something called regules, and regula means basically like 0:10:38.840 --> 0:10:44.959 blanket over solid rock. Right. So, um, it's really just 0:10:44.960 --> 0:10:49.960 this kind of fine particulate dust moon dust with vault 0:10:50.040 --> 0:10:52.920 mixed with volcanic glass and then larger rocks and it's 0:10:52.960 --> 0:10:55.440 just covers the surface of the Moon. It doesn't have 0:10:55.640 --> 0:10:59.360 soil because it doesn't have any living organisms that are 0:10:59.400 --> 0:11:07.640 required make soil. Yeah, nothing organic on the Moon, correct. Yeah. Uh, 0:11:07.679 --> 0:11:10.040 So they brought back these rocks. They found out that 0:11:10.080 --> 0:11:13.440 the uh Maria, which is what we said was only 0:11:14.160 --> 0:11:18.520 the dark spots, was primary. Uh that primarily that one 0:11:18.520 --> 0:11:20.160 word that we said over and over on the show, 0:11:20.640 --> 0:11:27.520 what basalt, Yeah, buzzled and uh that is igneous rock 0:11:27.679 --> 0:11:30.400 from cooled lava. So again with the volcanoes and the 0:11:30.480 --> 0:11:32.960 highland regions, the mountain regions we talked about was mainly 0:11:33.000 --> 0:11:37.400 in north the site and Breccia. Yeah, did you look 0:11:37.440 --> 0:11:39.880 that on it? I did. Because when there's a C 0:11:40.160 --> 0:11:44.080 I C a in Italian that makes a chess sound, 0:11:44.679 --> 0:11:49.600 but it's c H makes a sound, So it's backwards 0:11:49.640 --> 0:11:52.600 from what we might think as Americans, pretty neat but 0:11:52.720 --> 0:11:57.040 correct if you're into in Italian that's right. What else, Chuck, 0:11:58.040 --> 0:12:02.680 The lunar rocks have very little in volatile compounds, so 0:12:02.760 --> 0:12:06.679 they resembled Ers's mantle. They have very little volatile compounds 0:12:06.760 --> 0:12:09.320 or water. And then Tracy puts in as if they've 0:12:09.360 --> 0:12:14.000 been baked a little bit of like foreshadowing. Um. And 0:12:14.040 --> 0:12:17.600 also check they found that the Highland areas are much older. 0:12:18.320 --> 0:12:20.520 The rocks in the Highland areas are much older than 0:12:20.600 --> 0:12:24.959 the um Maria areas. Right. And so now with all 0:12:25.000 --> 0:12:27.959 of this information, we have a pretty good idea of 0:12:28.080 --> 0:12:31.280 how the Moon formed. Yeah. Oh, they also had they 0:12:31.520 --> 0:12:36.280 they had some size size seismometers and they found that 0:12:36.320 --> 0:12:39.520 there's no there's no shifting of the plates going on, right, 0:12:39.520 --> 0:12:41.800 tectonic activity in the Moon. There are no moon quakes 0:12:42.240 --> 0:12:46.400 and um. They also used magnetometers and they did not 0:12:46.480 --> 0:12:51.680 detect any substantial magnetic field at the around the Moon, 0:12:51.880 --> 0:12:55.800 which means that it's not it doesn't have a substantial 0:12:55.840 --> 0:12:59.000 iron core. Right, so they're basically just trying to figure 0:12:59.000 --> 0:13:01.960 out how much is it like the Earth in some ways, 0:13:02.000 --> 0:13:03.079 I mean, they one to found out what it was, 0:13:03.120 --> 0:13:05.600 but they were kind of comparing because some of the 0:13:05.640 --> 0:13:09.640 old previously thought reasons why the Moon was there had 0:13:09.679 --> 0:13:12.840 to do with it literally spinning off of the Earth. Well, 0:13:12.920 --> 0:13:16.280 it's significant that moon rocks are similar in composition to 0:13:16.679 --> 0:13:21.839 mantle rocks found on Earth pretty close, um, which means 0:13:22.000 --> 0:13:25.160 to a lot of people that they're the the The 0:13:25.200 --> 0:13:27.720 Moon has always been connected to the Earth and a 0:13:27.720 --> 0:13:31.200 lot of people's minds, right, So there's different ways that 0:13:31.320 --> 0:13:33.880 it formed, but it's always in relation to the Earth 0:13:34.000 --> 0:13:37.080 almost except for one. Yes, So previously to the to 0:13:37.200 --> 0:13:39.520 the lunar landing, they had a few ideas. They thought 0:13:39.600 --> 0:13:42.720 maybe there was the double planet hypothesis, which was the 0:13:42.760 --> 0:13:45.280 Earth and Moon formed together. Yeah, because remember in the 0:13:45.360 --> 0:13:49.080 Asteroid Mining podcast we talked about the formation of planets. 0:13:49.080 --> 0:13:52.120 It's just that starts in this Uh, it starts spinning 0:13:52.160 --> 0:13:55.440 and then everything's kind of comes together. It's an easy 0:13:55.440 --> 0:13:58.520 way to say it. Uh. The capture hypothesis was the 0:13:58.559 --> 0:14:01.640 Earth's gravity captured the own as it was just cruising by. 0:14:02.240 --> 0:14:05.080 That's the only one where they weren't related. But the 0:14:05.080 --> 0:14:07.920 Earth said hey, we're gonna hold you captive now because 0:14:07.920 --> 0:14:10.559 we like your gentle light that you cast upon its 0:14:10.640 --> 0:14:14.400 At nighttime. And then the fission hypothesis, which was the 0:14:14.440 --> 0:14:17.600 Earth spun so much and so rapidly that a blob 0:14:17.679 --> 0:14:22.320 of molten earth spun off and that was the moon. Right. 0:14:22.640 --> 0:14:24.520 That sounds a little even in the sixties, I would 0:14:24.520 --> 0:14:27.680 have been like, really, well, I mean, think about it. 0:14:27.720 --> 0:14:30.480 If it's if it's forming and everything is kind of 0:14:30.520 --> 0:14:33.760 loose still, I guess we didn't know as much back then. Um, 0:14:33.880 --> 0:14:37.760 So all of these have been kind of shot down, right, 0:14:37.800 --> 0:14:42.920 that's right. Um. The fact that the the Moon and 0:14:42.960 --> 0:14:45.680 the Earth's compositions are not the same means that they 0:14:45.840 --> 0:14:48.840 probably didn't form right alongside one another because they should 0:14:48.840 --> 0:14:54.080 be pretty much the same material. Um. The Earth can't 0:14:54.240 --> 0:14:57.040 possibly capture something as large as the moon as the 0:14:57.040 --> 0:15:01.680 moon and keep it there. Um. And then lastly, chuck, 0:15:02.120 --> 0:15:04.880 the Earth has never been known to be able to 0:15:04.920 --> 0:15:07.400 spin fast enough to spin any part of it off. 0:15:07.760 --> 0:15:10.280 If it were, we would be the first things off 0:15:10.320 --> 0:15:13.400 of the Earth if it could spin that fast anybody, 0:15:13.840 --> 0:15:17.400 let alone a sizeable chunk. So what they think now 0:15:17.680 --> 0:15:20.520 is um. After the seventies they came up with this 0:15:20.560 --> 0:15:23.640 thing called the giant impact or theory. Yeah, that's it's 0:15:23.640 --> 0:15:26.680 standing up fairly well. Right, so, yeah, it's this idea 0:15:26.760 --> 0:15:31.000 that another planet or planetoid or something about the size 0:15:31.040 --> 0:15:34.560 of Mars, early in the Earth's formation, came along and 0:15:35.360 --> 0:15:39.600 collided with the Earth with such force that it was 0:15:39.680 --> 0:15:43.480 absorbed into the Earth. It broke off a chunk, and 0:15:43.520 --> 0:15:47.600 then that part filled in the part that was was 0:15:47.720 --> 0:15:50.880 chunked off. It's like, um, what are the what are 0:15:50.920 --> 0:15:54.000 those twins where one eats the other in the womb called? 0:15:54.680 --> 0:15:57.440 Oh yeah, it's kind of like that, I mean twins. 0:15:57.720 --> 0:16:01.720 So it's like the Earth has like another planet that 0:16:01.920 --> 0:16:05.560 really just looks like a taratoma with fingernails their teeth 0:16:06.040 --> 0:16:09.200 inside of it. Yes, and that one, that one is 0:16:09.200 --> 0:16:11.920 actually held up. They've done computer simulations and they said 0:16:12.600 --> 0:16:14.880 this could have happened. Well, we left out the most 0:16:14.920 --> 0:16:18.320 important part from that impact. It's shot out a bunch 0:16:18.320 --> 0:16:20.600 of stuff that formed into the Moon. Yes, and that 0:16:20.680 --> 0:16:24.800 was very hot obviously, and then and it cooled eventually. 0:16:24.840 --> 0:16:27.000 But that's why the rocks appear to have been baked. 0:16:27.440 --> 0:16:30.960 That was the foreshadowing, right. Um So the idea behind this, 0:16:31.080 --> 0:16:34.120 like you said, it's still it stood up. That's enjoys 0:16:34.200 --> 0:16:39.880 the majority opinion, right. Um So, after this impact. As 0:16:39.960 --> 0:16:44.560 the as the Moon's spinning and forming itself into a spheroid. Um, 0:16:44.600 --> 0:16:49.560 it's covered in this ocean of magma, right, And this 0:16:49.640 --> 0:16:54.080 ocean of magma starts too cool and inside the cores 0:16:54.160 --> 0:16:58.200 solid outside magma, it starts to cool and everything kind 0:16:58.200 --> 0:17:02.200 of switches. The outside becomes solid, the inside magma and 0:17:02.240 --> 0:17:06.479 then um. After a while, the there's this period of 0:17:06.720 --> 0:17:10.399 um bombardment that I talked about of meteorites in the neighborhood. 0:17:10.640 --> 0:17:15.359 It forms all of the highlands, the craters, um. Almost 0:17:15.440 --> 0:17:17.720 every feature on the surface of the Moon is formed 0:17:17.800 --> 0:17:21.880 during this bombardment period when the lava's eking out through 0:17:21.880 --> 0:17:24.880 the cracks from that came after that. So this at 0:17:24.880 --> 0:17:28.760 this point, the Moon has a molten core, a solid 0:17:28.760 --> 0:17:32.720 exterior um, and it's being bombarded with meteorites. So we're 0:17:32.720 --> 0:17:36.600 seeing the stuff that that we see today happen, you know, 0:17:36.760 --> 0:17:39.840 three point nine billion years ago. Then after that period, 0:17:40.200 --> 0:17:43.199 the there's a period of volcanic activity all over the 0:17:43.600 --> 0:17:45.920 So that's when it's leaking up through the cracks, and 0:17:45.960 --> 0:17:49.560 it leaks up through the cracks in the Maria areas, right, 0:17:49.920 --> 0:17:52.840 which explains why there's more craters on the Highlands than 0:17:52.880 --> 0:17:56.480 in the Maria because the craters were covered over by 0:17:56.520 --> 0:18:00.439 this basult, which is so so prevalent in these areas. Right, 0:18:00.520 --> 0:18:02.880 that makes a lot of sense actually, And and then lastly, 0:18:02.960 --> 0:18:07.200 the volcanic activity expelled all of the heat in the moon, 0:18:08.080 --> 0:18:10.600 turning it into a dead, lifeless hulk that we know 0:18:10.680 --> 0:18:14.040 and love today. Well that sounds sad, but I love 0:18:14.080 --> 0:18:17.359 it in its current state, so I'm actually happy about it. Okay, 0:18:17.400 --> 0:18:19.840 So let's talk about it and it's current state, Chuck. 0:18:20.280 --> 0:18:23.600 Here's so, there's the moon that's right there. That's how 0:18:23.600 --> 0:18:26.280 it got there, right, that's kind of cool, Like you 0:18:26.320 --> 0:18:29.639 didn't know that before. I didn't until we researched this stuff, 0:18:29.680 --> 0:18:32.479 all right. So in its current state, Chuck, it's in 0:18:32.520 --> 0:18:35.960 this um orbit around Earth. It doesn't spin on its axis, 0:18:36.520 --> 0:18:40.439 and it's basically dragged along like you know a wheel 0:18:41.400 --> 0:18:45.080 that's stuck. You can still drag it across the ground. 0:18:45.400 --> 0:18:47.840 It's just not spinning. This is much the same way, 0:18:47.840 --> 0:18:50.359 but rather than in a in a vertical orientation, this 0:18:50.480 --> 0:18:53.800 is horizontal that the moon is not spinning and a 0:18:53.880 --> 0:18:58.760 horizontal axis it's being dragged around. And so that's why 0:18:58.800 --> 0:19:00.760 we only see the ones of the moon. The same 0:19:00.800 --> 0:19:02.920 side of the moon all the time, the happy side 0:19:03.720 --> 0:19:06.199 inside with the cheese. Well we wouldn't know if the 0:19:06.200 --> 0:19:08.560 other side is happier. Well, that's the dark side. This 0:19:08.640 --> 0:19:13.399 is scary side. Asked that crashed lunar rover or not 0:19:13.480 --> 0:19:18.560 rover but orbiter, orbiter two, orbiter two. So you're talking 0:19:18.600 --> 0:19:21.120 about the twenty nine it's the twenty nine point five 0:19:21.560 --> 0:19:24.320 days or is it just twenty nine it's my understanding 0:19:24.320 --> 0:19:27.840 that it's twenty nine point five. Okay, that's what I thought. Uh. 0:19:27.920 --> 0:19:31.080 Sometimes it is between the Earth and the Sun. Sometimes 0:19:31.080 --> 0:19:34.240 it's behind us. So what we're talking about here is 0:19:34.400 --> 0:19:38.240 the moon phases. That's why you'll see the crescent moon 0:19:38.320 --> 0:19:40.520 or the half moon or the full moon. Different parts 0:19:40.560 --> 0:19:42.800 of the moon are lit up by the Sun depending 0:19:42.800 --> 0:19:44.320 on where it is in relation to the Earth. It's 0:19:44.320 --> 0:19:49.000 pretty simple. Yeah, and NTO yeah. Uh. And when it's 0:19:49.040 --> 0:19:52.000 lit up and when it's not lit up, there's a huge, 0:19:52.280 --> 0:19:56.719 huge difference in temperature. What was that? Was it a 0:19:56.760 --> 0:19:59.720 future rama? It was a future rama where they had 0:19:59.760 --> 0:20:05.240 to it back to their transport before the horizon line, 0:20:05.600 --> 0:20:08.240 the point where the sun was you know, hitting the 0:20:08.280 --> 0:20:11.360 moon got to them where also is just gonna vaporize 0:20:11.400 --> 0:20:14.320 them because the difference in temperature, the mean temperature in 0:20:14.359 --> 0:20:15.959 the shadow of the moon, if I may, I know 0:20:16.040 --> 0:20:20.240 you like stats, please, the mean temperature in the shadow 0:20:20.280 --> 0:20:23.520 of the moon is negative two hundred ninety two degrees fahrenheight. 0:20:24.400 --> 0:20:28.800 Temperature negative a hundred and eighty degrees celsius in the sunlight, Chuck, 0:20:28.960 --> 0:20:32.200 the mean, the mean, This is the one that's the average, right, 0:20:32.359 --> 0:20:36.560 there's the median average. You could say that the mean 0:20:36.720 --> 0:20:39.679 surface temperature in the sunlight is two hundred and sixty 0:20:39.760 --> 0:20:43.600 six degrees fahrenheights. That's a hundred and thirty degrees celsius, 0:20:43.640 --> 0:20:45.760 so quite a different. So yeah, there's like a six 0:20:45.880 --> 0:20:48.920 hundred degree difference. That's the power of the sun, my friend, 0:20:49.680 --> 0:20:53.400 which we've gone over in detail. So over these billions 0:20:53.400 --> 0:20:57.040 of years, a couple of changes have happened to the Moon. Uh. 0:20:57.200 --> 0:20:59.679 It's moved a little further away from the Earth, and 0:20:59.760 --> 0:21:05.159 it's rotation has slowed some over the years, which you 0:21:05.200 --> 0:21:08.040 know that doesn't mean anything to me right now, but 0:21:08.080 --> 0:21:12.120 it's worth pointing out. Okay, you know what I'm saying. Yeah, 0:21:12.119 --> 0:21:16.080 did you talk about the different phases like the did 0:21:16.240 --> 0:21:19.840 the waning and the waxing and all that. Uh, well 0:21:19.880 --> 0:21:22.200 I didn't. I didn't govert in that much detail. Now, well, 0:21:22.400 --> 0:21:26.240 I've always just enjoyed this, right, So do you know 0:21:26.320 --> 0:21:31.080 what they call a moon that's growing toward full moon 0:21:31.560 --> 0:21:35.920 and is almost full. Uh, that's waxing give us, yes, 0:21:36.200 --> 0:21:39.560 So remember that one it's going on its way toward 0:21:39.640 --> 0:21:42.800 a full moon and it's there's more moon present than 0:21:43.000 --> 0:21:45.720 there isn't there's a waxing GiB us. And then do 0:21:45.760 --> 0:21:47.639 you know what it's called when it's going toward a 0:21:47.680 --> 0:21:51.639 new moon and it's a thin little sliver, Uh, the 0:21:51.720 --> 0:21:55.320 waning crescent. Yes, if you remember waning crescent and waxing, 0:21:55.320 --> 0:21:57.720 give us, you can name any phase of the moon 0:21:58.040 --> 0:22:00.480 just by looking at it and impress your friend that's true, 0:22:00.520 --> 0:22:03.560 because you also have the waxing crescent, first quarter, a 0:22:03.680 --> 0:22:08.640 waning give us last quarter, and everyone's favorite, the full moon. Yeah, 0:22:08.680 --> 0:22:11.119 the full moon's that's the money moon. Sure, and you 0:22:11.160 --> 0:22:13.520 know people say that things go wacky at full moon's 0:22:13.560 --> 0:22:16.720 but I think that we found that that is largely 0:22:16.800 --> 0:22:21.400 just stories and it's not necessarily been proven. Like emergency 0:22:21.400 --> 0:22:24.240 medical emergency rooms are supposed to be like wacky and 0:22:24.320 --> 0:22:27.080 people go crazy and in the full moon and where 0:22:27.080 --> 0:22:30.880 wolves coming backed up though by by numbers. Tracy said, 0:22:30.920 --> 0:22:33.439 it's not. Um, where did you see that? It was 0:22:33.480 --> 0:22:36.840 somewhere in here? I didn't see it. Well, it's in there, 0:22:37.320 --> 0:22:39.199 or maybe I saw it somewhere else. Yeah, but they 0:22:39.200 --> 0:22:41.399 said it's it's pretty much anecdotal. But I thought I 0:22:41.440 --> 0:22:43.800 had seen that too where it was backed up by numbers. Well, 0:22:43.840 --> 0:22:46.960 there is, there's another um, there's a I guess if 0:22:47.000 --> 0:22:50.240 you're a skeptic, it's a crackpot theory. But there's a 0:22:50.240 --> 0:22:54.439 a bunch of people who believe in the concept of 0:22:54.480 --> 0:22:58.040 the super moon. Have you heard about that? That sounds familiar. 0:22:58.200 --> 0:23:01.480 So the moon travel, it's orbit around the Earth is 0:23:01.520 --> 0:23:03.919 not a perfect circle. It's in the lips. So that 0:23:04.000 --> 0:23:06.640 means that there are points where it's as far as 0:23:06.640 --> 0:23:08.920 it can be away from the Earth and as close 0:23:08.960 --> 0:23:10.919 as it can be. So as close as it can 0:23:10.960 --> 0:23:13.840 be as called paragy and as far away is called 0:23:13.840 --> 0:23:17.879 apog and it hits these once a month each right, 0:23:18.359 --> 0:23:20.439 So it's not unusual for the Moon to be impared 0:23:20.600 --> 0:23:23.160 your apogee, and normally when it is, it just means 0:23:23.200 --> 0:23:25.280 that the tides are higher and lower, and we'll talk 0:23:25.280 --> 0:23:28.200