1 00:00:00,240 --> 00:00:27,560 Speaker 1: Ridiculous History is a production of I Heart Radio. Welcome 2 00:00:27,560 --> 00:00:30,840 Speaker 1: back to the show Ridiculous Historians. Thank you, as always 3 00:00:30,920 --> 00:00:34,479 Speaker 1: for tuning in today. We could start with just just 4 00:00:34,560 --> 00:00:38,520 Speaker 1: one one weird fact. Uh. A long time ago, super 5 00:00:38,560 --> 00:00:43,360 Speaker 1: producer Casey Pegrum and a friend of the show, Paul 6 00:00:43,400 --> 00:00:46,600 Speaker 1: Deckan gotten a bit of an argument. I don't know 7 00:00:46,640 --> 00:00:49,640 Speaker 1: if you remember this, Casey. It was an argument about milk. 8 00:00:49,960 --> 00:00:52,680 Speaker 1: Did you hear about this? No? No, but I love 9 00:00:52,720 --> 00:00:55,720 Speaker 1: a good milk controversy. Spill it. I'm not sure I 10 00:00:55,760 --> 00:00:58,920 Speaker 1: even remember this argument. Do tell Ben? So I think 11 00:00:59,040 --> 00:01:01,480 Speaker 1: enough time has passed that's safe to say, Casey, you 12 00:01:01,560 --> 00:01:06,520 Speaker 1: and Paul are still friends. But Paul has a Midwestern background. 13 00:01:06,560 --> 00:01:08,680 Speaker 1: He is also the super producer and stuff they don't 14 00:01:08,680 --> 00:01:11,679 Speaker 1: want you to know. And I was present for a 15 00:01:11,760 --> 00:01:15,960 Speaker 1: time when Casey and Paul had this continuing discussion over 16 00:01:16,000 --> 00:01:19,720 Speaker 1: whether milk was a beverage or an ingredient. Do you 17 00:01:19,760 --> 00:01:23,039 Speaker 1: remember that now, Casey, I really do not. I have. 18 00:01:23,360 --> 00:01:26,679 Speaker 1: I have zero opinion on this. I guess I would 19 00:01:26,680 --> 00:01:30,319 Speaker 1: go beverage beverage, he says. I mean, I think clearly 20 00:01:30,360 --> 00:01:32,800 Speaker 1: it's both, you know, I mean, I think there's some 21 00:01:32,840 --> 00:01:35,920 Speaker 1: people that there always reminds me of the scene an 22 00:01:35,959 --> 00:01:41,160 Speaker 1: Anchor Man, where a downtrodden Will Ferrell as Ron Burgundy 23 00:01:41,360 --> 00:01:45,160 Speaker 1: is walking around San Diego, disheveled after he's lost his job. 24 00:01:45,160 --> 00:01:47,640 Speaker 1: Spoiler alert for you know, anchor Man. I guess, but 25 00:01:47,960 --> 00:01:52,200 Speaker 1: he's drinking milk and it's it's so hot. Perhaps milk 26 00:01:52,600 --> 00:01:56,400 Speaker 1: was the wrong choice of beverage because you know, I 27 00:01:56,440 --> 00:01:58,720 Speaker 1: don't really think of milk is being refreshing. I think 28 00:01:58,720 --> 00:02:00,720 Speaker 1: of it as something you like, you know, dunka cookie 29 00:02:00,800 --> 00:02:03,559 Speaker 1: in um, you know, drink it with a piece of cake. 30 00:02:03,680 --> 00:02:05,880 Speaker 1: But I wouldn't really drink milk as like, you know, 31 00:02:05,960 --> 00:02:09,639 Speaker 1: to to re energize myself or hydrink. Yeah, there's something 32 00:02:09,680 --> 00:02:12,000 Speaker 1: kind of gross about the idea of substituting milk for 33 00:02:12,040 --> 00:02:15,040 Speaker 1: like gatorade or something. It's kind of nasty, true. True. 34 00:02:15,120 --> 00:02:19,520 Speaker 1: It's also the ability to drink milk into adulthood is 35 00:02:19,560 --> 00:02:22,679 Speaker 1: the result of a mutation. Let's make no bones about that. 36 00:02:23,000 --> 00:02:26,040 Speaker 1: But you know, it was really into milk. It's how 37 00:02:26,080 --> 00:02:30,600 Speaker 1: you dictator Bernito Mussolini. Yeah, he was. He actually drank 38 00:02:30,720 --> 00:02:33,480 Speaker 1: so much of the stuff up as a result of us. 39 00:02:33,520 --> 00:02:36,600 Speaker 1: I think he had like bad gut bacteria or something 40 00:02:36,639 --> 00:02:40,359 Speaker 1: like that, and had like a longstanding history of stomach 41 00:02:40,400 --> 00:02:44,040 Speaker 1: troubles and he felt like drinking milk was going to 42 00:02:44,120 --> 00:02:47,519 Speaker 1: help him with that. Doctors diagnosed him having a doodental 43 00:02:47,720 --> 00:02:52,160 Speaker 1: doodenal do audenal ulcer um, and he was at the 44 00:02:52,200 --> 00:02:55,880 Speaker 1: time had to kind of like disappear from the public 45 00:02:56,320 --> 00:02:59,560 Speaker 1: sphere for a little while. And he adopted this extreme 46 00:02:59,639 --> 00:03:03,480 Speaker 1: new at that consisted of tea uh, something called pain 47 00:03:03,919 --> 00:03:09,040 Speaker 1: biss scottato, which is just dry toast boiled fruit and 48 00:03:09,480 --> 00:03:12,280 Speaker 1: milk um. And he had to have that regiment three 49 00:03:12,360 --> 00:03:14,760 Speaker 1: times a day. Uh. And he had given up alcohol 50 00:03:14,840 --> 00:03:17,680 Speaker 1: two at the time because that doesn't do very good 51 00:03:17,720 --> 00:03:20,600 Speaker 1: stuff to your stomach if you're having digestive troubles. And 52 00:03:20,720 --> 00:03:24,200 Speaker 1: he gave his very telling quote about his feelings on milk. 53 00:03:24,880 --> 00:03:26,919 Speaker 1: He clearly believed it was a beverage and not a 54 00:03:27,080 --> 00:03:29,440 Speaker 1: not exclusively and ingredient. He says, I drink it at 55 00:03:29,480 --> 00:03:33,600 Speaker 1: the table, small gulps, so that it may properly salivated. 56 00:03:33,919 --> 00:03:37,440 Speaker 1: Milk is a wonderful food, perhaps the best food known 57 00:03:37,520 --> 00:03:40,640 Speaker 1: to man. This one glass of milk contains enough nourishment 58 00:03:40,800 --> 00:03:44,520 Speaker 1: to sustain me until the midday meal six hours hence, 59 00:03:46,360 --> 00:03:49,400 Speaker 1: and this story that we're about to embark on, it 60 00:03:49,560 --> 00:03:52,080 Speaker 1: does contain a lot of Mussolini if you're looking at 61 00:03:52,120 --> 00:03:56,960 Speaker 1: the ingredient list of this ridiculous history episode also contains futurism, 62 00:03:57,280 --> 00:04:01,040 Speaker 1: and contains some wartime information, and it attains a lot 63 00:04:01,080 --> 00:04:05,760 Speaker 1: of very weird stuff about milk. I hesitate to bury 64 00:04:05,880 --> 00:04:08,400 Speaker 1: the lead, but we can also build toward it. The 65 00:04:08,480 --> 00:04:13,040 Speaker 1: headline is this, eventually Mussolini was so into milk that 66 00:04:13,160 --> 00:04:15,720 Speaker 1: he thought it wasn't just the best food known demand. 67 00:04:15,960 --> 00:04:18,680 Speaker 1: It may also be a form of clothing. You did 68 00:04:18,760 --> 00:04:22,640 Speaker 1: not hear that wrong, ridiculous historians, a form of clothing. 69 00:04:23,040 --> 00:04:26,840 Speaker 1: It kind of starts with something called Futurism, which I 70 00:04:27,160 --> 00:04:29,880 Speaker 1: think that three of us are down with. It's early 71 00:04:30,000 --> 00:04:33,960 Speaker 1: twentieth century artistic movement alive. It was centered in Italy 72 00:04:34,440 --> 00:04:39,440 Speaker 1: and it it really emphasized dynamism, the energy and power 73 00:04:39,560 --> 00:04:44,080 Speaker 1: of the machine, and the frantic phonetic pace of modern life. 74 00:04:44,240 --> 00:04:48,040 Speaker 1: So during the second decade of the twentieth century, in 75 00:04:48,200 --> 00:04:52,599 Speaker 1: teen tens or so, the movement's influence expanded and spread 76 00:04:52,680 --> 00:04:57,560 Speaker 1: across the majority of Europe. The Russian avant garde loved it. 77 00:04:58,160 --> 00:05:01,520 Speaker 1: You'll probably associate it mo st often now with would 78 00:05:01,560 --> 00:05:06,200 Speaker 1: say visual arts and poetry, probably, yeah, absolutely, Or like 79 00:05:06,480 --> 00:05:09,479 Speaker 1: there's a really great um cartoon. I think it's called 80 00:05:09,560 --> 00:05:11,919 Speaker 1: like the World of Tomorrow or something along those lines. 81 00:05:12,279 --> 00:05:16,080 Speaker 1: I think it's a Chuck Jones cartoon where it shows 82 00:05:16,120 --> 00:05:18,920 Speaker 1: all of these amazing, you know, innovations that will potentially 83 00:05:19,000 --> 00:05:20,560 Speaker 1: take place in the future, obviously with a kind of 84 00:05:20,560 --> 00:05:22,880 Speaker 1: a comical bent. And I believe there's like a space 85 00:05:22,960 --> 00:05:25,000 Speaker 1: baby in it at some point, and there's like a 86 00:05:25,120 --> 00:05:27,640 Speaker 1: car that will like shave your face for you while 87 00:05:27,680 --> 00:05:29,280 Speaker 1: you're driving, and all that kind of stuff. So it 88 00:05:29,360 --> 00:05:32,160 Speaker 1: certainly was a zeitgeisty kind of thing, and exactly like 89 00:05:32,240 --> 00:05:34,440 Speaker 1: you said, been wrapped up in design or think the 90 00:05:34,560 --> 00:05:36,320 Speaker 1: Jet Sins. You know, that was a good kind of 91 00:05:36,440 --> 00:05:40,200 Speaker 1: modern example of like futurism personified kind of as as 92 00:05:40,200 --> 00:05:45,039 Speaker 1: a comedy and futurism, I guess was first officially announced 93 00:05:45,160 --> 00:05:51,400 Speaker 1: February nine in the Parisian newspaper Le Figaro. They published 94 00:05:51,480 --> 00:05:56,640 Speaker 1: this manifesto by an Italian author named Philip bo Thomas 95 00:05:56,720 --> 00:06:01,200 Speaker 1: ol Manti, and he had coined the word trism as 96 00:06:01,400 --> 00:06:06,240 Speaker 1: this this phrase that reflected his goal of getting rid 97 00:06:06,279 --> 00:06:09,240 Speaker 1: of all that old, stuffy junk from the past and 98 00:06:09,360 --> 00:06:13,880 Speaker 1: celebrating all the new hip unsquare original things, and so 99 00:06:14,120 --> 00:06:18,200 Speaker 1: they really love technology. They also, this is the weird 100 00:06:18,279 --> 00:06:22,719 Speaker 1: flex here, they're also really into violence and conflict. They said, 101 00:06:22,800 --> 00:06:25,760 Speaker 1: that's how we get rid of these traditional values and 102 00:06:25,880 --> 00:06:30,479 Speaker 1: destroy these cultural institutions. So as it had this aggressive 103 00:06:30,520 --> 00:06:33,000 Speaker 1: tone and it was supposed to get attention, it was 104 00:06:33,000 --> 00:06:36,680 Speaker 1: supposed to be controversial. They were trying to be edge lords, 105 00:06:36,960 --> 00:06:39,120 Speaker 1: you guys, That's what they were trying to do. So 106 00:06:39,200 --> 00:06:41,320 Speaker 1: ahead of the car really quick correction on my end, 107 00:06:41,360 --> 00:06:43,920 Speaker 1: I sort of like smushed two ideas together. Uh. The 108 00:06:44,680 --> 00:06:47,880 Speaker 1: the Chuck Jones cartoon was called Rocket Bye Baby, which 109 00:06:48,040 --> 00:06:51,760 Speaker 1: was about a space baby and also has heavy futurist elements. 110 00:06:51,800 --> 00:06:53,240 Speaker 1: And then the main one I was talking about was 111 00:06:53,279 --> 00:06:55,520 Speaker 1: called The World of Tomorrow, which is a tech savery 112 00:06:55,640 --> 00:06:58,520 Speaker 1: cartoon that like shows all of these like amazing inventions 113 00:06:59,080 --> 00:07:02,000 Speaker 1: that will exist in the future. Definitely that all kind 114 00:07:02,040 --> 00:07:04,559 Speaker 1: of don't work super well. So I have a question 115 00:07:04,680 --> 00:07:06,640 Speaker 1: for you both when when you when you see the 116 00:07:06,680 --> 00:07:10,800 Speaker 1: headline writ large, Mussolini predicted that wearable milk was the 117 00:07:10,920 --> 00:07:14,000 Speaker 1: future of fashion. What do you picture, because I had 118 00:07:14,040 --> 00:07:16,160 Speaker 1: something very distinct that I pictured, Casey, you want to 119 00:07:16,200 --> 00:07:20,240 Speaker 1: go first, maybe like a layer of semi transparent cheese 120 00:07:20,360 --> 00:07:22,520 Speaker 1: or something. I don't know. It's when I when I 121 00:07:22,600 --> 00:07:24,640 Speaker 1: first saw the phrase wearable milk, I was kind of 122 00:07:24,640 --> 00:07:26,880 Speaker 1: grossed out by it. But the more I thought about it, 123 00:07:26,920 --> 00:07:28,560 Speaker 1: I'm like, that might be kind of pleasant. I don't know, 124 00:07:28,960 --> 00:07:31,080 Speaker 1: you know, I'm I'm I'm keeping an open mind here. 125 00:07:31,280 --> 00:07:34,160 Speaker 1: How about you been? Uh? Yeah, so I I am 126 00:07:34,280 --> 00:07:37,720 Speaker 1: all for firsthand investigations. So I took all my clothes off, 127 00:07:37,840 --> 00:07:41,680 Speaker 1: I poured milk atop of my body, and for you know, 128 00:07:41,840 --> 00:07:45,320 Speaker 1: for a while I was wearing it, just not consistently. Uh. 129 00:07:45,440 --> 00:07:48,600 Speaker 1: It was pleasant vibe. It was probably not safe for work. 130 00:07:48,680 --> 00:07:50,760 Speaker 1: I don't think I can just wear milk at work. 131 00:07:50,840 --> 00:07:53,800 Speaker 1: But in all honesty, I I thought, you know, there's 132 00:07:53,840 --> 00:07:56,240 Speaker 1: some material science in there, because you could build things 133 00:07:56,680 --> 00:08:01,320 Speaker 1: out of proteins right in different stuff instances. That's right, 134 00:08:01,480 --> 00:08:04,320 Speaker 1: Oh you were. You were way more barking up the 135 00:08:04,440 --> 00:08:08,800 Speaker 1: right uh cow than I was. I kind of pictured 136 00:08:08,840 --> 00:08:12,120 Speaker 1: it like being some sort of like like a wearable 137 00:08:12,320 --> 00:08:15,640 Speaker 1: kind of plastic bag that was filled with milk. Think 138 00:08:15,680 --> 00:08:18,920 Speaker 1: of like a like a transparent plastic raincoat that like 139 00:08:19,120 --> 00:08:22,040 Speaker 1: is hollow on the inside and full of milk. Okay, 140 00:08:22,440 --> 00:08:24,600 Speaker 1: oh yeah, so we were. We were all three, I think, 141 00:08:24,680 --> 00:08:29,480 Speaker 1: taking interesting explorations there. And you know, I appreciate the 142 00:08:29,520 --> 00:08:32,400 Speaker 1: compliment about thinking about the chemistry. I want to be fair. 143 00:08:32,880 --> 00:08:36,280 Speaker 1: I was after I covered myself in milk and messed 144 00:08:36,360 --> 00:08:38,520 Speaker 1: up a good part of my apartment. I can't wait 145 00:08:38,640 --> 00:08:41,120 Speaker 1: to see those boudoir photos hit the internet. That's all 146 00:08:41,120 --> 00:08:43,640 Speaker 1: I'm gonna say. But I have to say, Ben, your 147 00:08:43,679 --> 00:08:46,120 Speaker 1: your spot on when you say this is all about 148 00:08:46,200 --> 00:08:48,880 Speaker 1: material science, because at the end of the day, that 149 00:08:49,200 --> 00:08:52,360 Speaker 1: is what this story is about. By the way, Mussolini 150 00:08:52,440 --> 00:08:56,839 Speaker 1: also was really anti waste um and the idea of 151 00:08:57,000 --> 00:09:00,079 Speaker 1: this particular form of material science is you don't have 152 00:09:00,200 --> 00:09:04,280 Speaker 1: to use fresh milk. You can use bespoiled milk. Sorry 153 00:09:04,280 --> 00:09:06,199 Speaker 1: I had to add the best, best spoiled. That's like 154 00:09:06,360 --> 00:09:08,720 Speaker 1: that word. But you can use milk that's gone bad 155 00:09:08,960 --> 00:09:11,520 Speaker 1: or substandard milk they like sometimes when the when the 156 00:09:11,600 --> 00:09:13,719 Speaker 1: cows generate milk, there's a link that has to be 157 00:09:13,800 --> 00:09:15,600 Speaker 1: graded or whatever, and I guess if it's a lower 158 00:09:15,679 --> 00:09:19,000 Speaker 1: quality and if it gets tossed. But in this situation, 159 00:09:19,120 --> 00:09:23,240 Speaker 1: you can actually use that lower quality milk to extract 160 00:09:23,360 --> 00:09:27,280 Speaker 1: these essentially like fibers. And there's a really cool video 161 00:09:27,520 --> 00:09:31,679 Speaker 1: that we found in this research called making Wool from Milk, 162 00:09:32,000 --> 00:09:33,880 Speaker 1: and I think the beginning of it sums up the 163 00:09:33,920 --> 00:09:36,360 Speaker 1: whole concept nicely. If we could roll that tape, that'd 164 00:09:36,400 --> 00:09:39,440 Speaker 1: be swell bo bo. Black sheep will have to look 165 00:09:39,480 --> 00:09:41,599 Speaker 1: to his laurels or in the world of wool, he 166 00:09:41,679 --> 00:09:44,199 Speaker 1: isn't the big noise he used to be. An Italian 167 00:09:44,240 --> 00:09:46,960 Speaker 1: inventor has discovered how to get wool from milk. At 168 00:09:47,000 --> 00:09:49,920 Speaker 1: the moment, it's just plain unadulterated cow juice. But you 169 00:09:50,000 --> 00:09:52,480 Speaker 1: ain't seen nothing yet. The milk goes through a whole 170 00:09:52,480 --> 00:09:54,719 Speaker 1: lot of processes, each of which brings it near the 171 00:09:54,760 --> 00:09:59,200 Speaker 1: consistency of wool. Watch how it grows and the finished 172 00:09:59,280 --> 00:10:01,800 Speaker 1: article is delivered through a pipe very much like milk. 173 00:10:02,360 --> 00:10:04,320 Speaker 1: So in future you'll be able to choose between drinking 174 00:10:04,360 --> 00:10:09,679 Speaker 1: a glass of milk and wearing one. And unfortunately as 175 00:10:09,720 --> 00:10:12,719 Speaker 1: a podcast you couldn't see all these crazy machines, but 176 00:10:12,880 --> 00:10:15,880 Speaker 1: it's literally you know this, these chemists that are pouring 177 00:10:16,120 --> 00:10:18,800 Speaker 1: milk into these beakers and kind of stretching it out 178 00:10:18,880 --> 00:10:22,760 Speaker 1: into these ropey kind of gelatinous strands, and then they 179 00:10:22,840 --> 00:10:25,520 Speaker 1: feed it into these machines that then pull it into 180 00:10:25,679 --> 00:10:28,840 Speaker 1: longer gelatinous strands, and then they dry it out, I guess, 181 00:10:28,920 --> 00:10:31,360 Speaker 1: and then you've got these workers in this factory that 182 00:10:31,440 --> 00:10:35,240 Speaker 1: are pulling it apart like cotton, right, yeah, yeah, that's correct, 183 00:10:35,400 --> 00:10:38,719 Speaker 1: And people can't be blamed at this point for you know, 184 00:10:39,080 --> 00:10:41,240 Speaker 1: of course it might sound like a hoax, because this 185 00:10:41,480 --> 00:10:45,040 Speaker 1: is the same part of the world that also once 186 00:10:45,160 --> 00:10:48,600 Speaker 1: told people spaghetti grows on trees, like Europe has had 187 00:10:48,720 --> 00:10:53,040 Speaker 1: some weird innovations, and at first blush, this reminded me 188 00:10:53,120 --> 00:10:55,839 Speaker 1: of that. But the difference is wearable milk or this 189 00:10:56,240 --> 00:10:59,800 Speaker 1: fibrous material is real. And going back to the futurism 190 00:11:00,120 --> 00:11:04,800 Speaker 1: comes from that because they also loved fashion. So since 191 00:11:04,880 --> 00:11:08,400 Speaker 1: the publication of the Futurist Manifesto of Men's Clothing, there 192 00:11:08,480 --> 00:11:12,800 Speaker 1: was this debate over how Italian should dress, and futurists 193 00:11:13,400 --> 00:11:18,280 Speaker 1: wanted manufacturers to make clothing out of new materials, revolutionary 194 00:11:18,280 --> 00:11:24,840 Speaker 1: alternative materials. They didn't just propose milk, they proposed paper, tinfoil, rubber, 195 00:11:25,160 --> 00:11:29,360 Speaker 1: fish skin, and somehow gas I'm still a little I'm 196 00:11:29,400 --> 00:11:31,079 Speaker 1: not clear on the gas thing. It was just like 197 00:11:31,200 --> 00:11:33,840 Speaker 1: you're always kind of like pigpen and the peanuts or something. 198 00:11:34,360 --> 00:11:40,000 Speaker 1: But it's strange because the Manifesto of Futurist Women's Fashion 199 00:11:40,120 --> 00:11:44,000 Speaker 1: in ninety added milk to the list, and it didn't 200 00:11:44,040 --> 00:11:46,439 Speaker 1: come out of nowhere. It wasn't just like someone saying 201 00:11:46,600 --> 00:11:49,600 Speaker 1: fever dream. Between nineteen o four and nineteen o nine 202 00:11:49,640 --> 00:11:54,439 Speaker 1: there was a German chemist named Frederick Totenhaupt who tried 203 00:11:54,559 --> 00:11:57,760 Speaker 1: to turn milk into a kind of a silk substitute, 204 00:11:58,120 --> 00:12:00,240 Speaker 1: similar to a process similar to what you see in 205 00:12:00,280 --> 00:12:04,679 Speaker 1: that video. His efforts failed at first, but the futurists 206 00:12:04,720 --> 00:12:07,640 Speaker 1: caught onto it and they started saying, you know, milk, 207 00:12:07,679 --> 00:12:11,640 Speaker 1: it maybe the fabric of the future. So this idea 208 00:12:11,800 --> 00:12:14,120 Speaker 1: wasn't as nuts as it might sound. You know, wool 209 00:12:14,160 --> 00:12:17,360 Speaker 1: as a protein, and on a molecular level, it has 210 00:12:17,400 --> 00:12:19,480 Speaker 1: a it's a protein with a similar structure to the 211 00:12:19,520 --> 00:12:22,719 Speaker 1: protein found in milk casin. All chemists needed to do 212 00:12:22,960 --> 00:12:25,400 Speaker 1: was figure out how to convince the case and to 213 00:12:25,760 --> 00:12:29,120 Speaker 1: assume a shape that sort of imitated the texture of wool. 214 00:12:29,600 --> 00:12:33,920 Speaker 1: And when Mussolini to your pointnal. When he started pushing 215 00:12:34,320 --> 00:12:39,400 Speaker 1: for waste production, he was also pushing for increased self sufficiency. 216 00:12:39,800 --> 00:12:42,760 Speaker 1: He was like, I don't want to see us reliant 217 00:12:42,880 --> 00:12:46,360 Speaker 1: on the British and the French and those Americans. So 218 00:12:46,960 --> 00:12:50,040 Speaker 1: the Futurists, they had a for a very short time, 219 00:12:50,080 --> 00:12:52,839 Speaker 1: they had their own political party, the Futurist Political Party, 220 00:12:53,400 --> 00:12:58,760 Speaker 1: and they merged with Mussolini's Italian Fascist Party, and they 221 00:12:58,840 --> 00:13:03,079 Speaker 1: had a lot of goals for strengthening Italy's economy in 222 00:13:03,200 --> 00:13:06,480 Speaker 1: preparation for the comming war. Member Futurism likes War two, 223 00:13:07,320 --> 00:13:09,199 Speaker 1: and one of the things that they planned to do 224 00:13:09,720 --> 00:13:12,839 Speaker 1: was to take the wild dream of milk clothing right, 225 00:13:13,320 --> 00:13:15,719 Speaker 1: uh quick, quick aside um, Was it a kind of 226 00:13:15,800 --> 00:13:18,440 Speaker 1: Mussolini that sort of coined the term fascism or did 227 00:13:18,480 --> 00:13:21,600 Speaker 1: that exist pre him because obviously didn't mean anything bad 228 00:13:21,679 --> 00:13:23,680 Speaker 1: when he used it as the name of his party. 229 00:13:25,360 --> 00:13:28,000 Speaker 1: I think it just kind of got that rap over time. Yeah, 230 00:13:28,040 --> 00:13:30,319 Speaker 1: it was definitely used by members of this movement. I 231 00:13:30,400 --> 00:13:34,280 Speaker 1: think the first use was in nineteen fifteen from the 232 00:13:34,400 --> 00:13:38,800 Speaker 1: fascis of Revolutionary Actions, so the Fascist or the Fascist 233 00:13:38,920 --> 00:13:42,080 Speaker 1: Revolutionary Action, that's right, And they used it to refer 234 00:13:42,200 --> 00:13:45,240 Speaker 1: to again, not like some sort of totalitary and evil 235 00:13:45,320 --> 00:13:48,120 Speaker 1: empire kind of regime. It was more the idea of 236 00:13:48,200 --> 00:13:51,760 Speaker 1: a syndicate or a guild. And apparently the Latin of 237 00:13:51,920 --> 00:13:55,840 Speaker 1: fascismo is is a term that translates to a bundle 238 00:13:55,920 --> 00:13:58,880 Speaker 1: of sticks, with which there's also another very divisive term 239 00:13:58,960 --> 00:14:01,800 Speaker 1: that's a slur that also translates to a bundle of sticks. 240 00:14:02,360 --> 00:14:03,719 Speaker 1: I'm not gonna say it, but I think you know 241 00:14:03,720 --> 00:14:08,160 Speaker 1: what I'm talking about. Yeah. So, Italy under this fascist 242 00:14:08,240 --> 00:14:13,360 Speaker 1: government is being helmed by Mussolini, and he wants self sufficiency, 243 00:14:13,720 --> 00:14:18,200 Speaker 1: and he wants to prepare the economy and new unorthodox ways. 244 00:14:18,720 --> 00:14:20,560 Speaker 1: And one of the things they wanted to do was 245 00:14:20,720 --> 00:14:25,680 Speaker 1: create artificial fabrics. This was a market that Italy had 246 00:14:25,720 --> 00:14:30,600 Speaker 1: a good shot at further expanding in, and the Italian 247 00:14:30,680 --> 00:14:35,000 Speaker 1: companies took up the suggestions of the futurists. They started 248 00:14:35,160 --> 00:14:39,480 Speaker 1: using organic materials to make textiles. Their first big success 249 00:14:40,000 --> 00:14:46,720 Speaker 1: was rayon, an artificial silk made of cellulose. In Italy 250 00:14:46,840 --> 00:14:52,000 Speaker 1: alone became the world's leading producer of rayon. Uh. They 251 00:14:52,040 --> 00:14:54,520 Speaker 1: didn't stop there, though. They still like when they closed 252 00:14:54,560 --> 00:14:57,320 Speaker 1: their eyes, they dreamt of milk, which is a very 253 00:14:57,400 --> 00:15:01,160 Speaker 1: weirdly specific. That's a rare insult that that I think 254 00:15:01,200 --> 00:15:04,000 Speaker 1: I could give to the fascist government of Italy at 255 00:15:04,040 --> 00:15:14,320 Speaker 1: the time. Building off of Totenhap's work, an Italian engineer 256 00:15:14,480 --> 00:15:19,200 Speaker 1: named Antonio Ferretti perfected a process. He made a milk 257 00:15:19,320 --> 00:15:23,480 Speaker 1: fiber he called La natale, a combination of the word 258 00:15:24,120 --> 00:15:28,040 Speaker 1: lana meaning wool and ittal from Italia and and and 259 00:15:28,160 --> 00:15:30,320 Speaker 1: it actually worked. The cool thing is we know how 260 00:15:30,400 --> 00:15:33,800 Speaker 1: it worked, right. The science is pretty interesting, Like what's 261 00:15:33,840 --> 00:15:36,440 Speaker 1: going on in that video we saw Noll? Yeah, we 262 00:15:36,520 --> 00:15:38,360 Speaker 1: were I was kind of fumbling my way through trying 263 00:15:38,360 --> 00:15:40,200 Speaker 1: to describe it. And here's a little bit better or 264 00:15:40,280 --> 00:15:44,800 Speaker 1: more science e version. Um. The acid is added to 265 00:15:45,200 --> 00:15:49,280 Speaker 1: skim milk, which separates out that substance you're referring to here, 266 00:15:49,280 --> 00:15:52,920 Speaker 1: I think it's pronounced casein um. Then that material is 267 00:15:53,000 --> 00:15:58,720 Speaker 1: dissolved until it becomes that viscous, kind of gooey strandy 268 00:15:59,000 --> 00:16:02,360 Speaker 1: type mater areal that retire almost like a dough um. 269 00:16:02,640 --> 00:16:05,680 Speaker 1: And then next the case in is forced through these 270 00:16:05,800 --> 00:16:08,760 Speaker 1: spinnerets kind of like a macaroni press. Have you ever 271 00:16:08,800 --> 00:16:12,080 Speaker 1: watched any of those like really satisfying videos of like 272 00:16:12,240 --> 00:16:15,600 Speaker 1: macaroni noodles being pushed through the little molds and you know, 273 00:16:15,760 --> 00:16:18,920 Speaker 1: the little spirals or whatever, the various shapes a situation 274 00:16:19,040 --> 00:16:21,280 Speaker 1: like that. So it's definitely like, what's the word I'm 275 00:16:21,320 --> 00:16:25,760 Speaker 1: looking for, a industrial process using like heavy machinery. Um. 276 00:16:26,080 --> 00:16:29,160 Speaker 1: And then they're hardened using a chemical bath, and then 277 00:16:29,360 --> 00:16:33,800 Speaker 1: much like making noodles, they're cut into fibers of whatever 278 00:16:33,960 --> 00:16:36,920 Speaker 1: length you need, and then it's it's dried again. And 279 00:16:36,960 --> 00:16:39,880 Speaker 1: then you can actually in the video see workers separating 280 00:16:39,920 --> 00:16:42,480 Speaker 1: them out by hand and then dumping them in these bins, 281 00:16:42,520 --> 00:16:45,080 Speaker 1: and it's almost more like fluff at that point. Um. 282 00:16:45,160 --> 00:16:47,680 Speaker 1: But that that may not be exactly the right order 283 00:16:47,760 --> 00:16:49,480 Speaker 1: of operations, but that is one of the part of 284 00:16:49,520 --> 00:16:51,880 Speaker 1: the process that isn't described here, but it's in the video. Um. 285 00:16:51,960 --> 00:16:55,160 Speaker 1: So what you do get it's something that's very won't like. 286 00:16:55,920 --> 00:17:01,840 Speaker 1: So Mussolini loved this stuff. He thought it was beautiful, 287 00:17:02,160 --> 00:17:06,200 Speaker 1: that was amazing. He thought this was uniquely Italian fabric 288 00:17:06,280 --> 00:17:12,560 Speaker 1: for uniquely Italian future. He thought Lal was genius because 289 00:17:12,880 --> 00:17:15,959 Speaker 1: the truth was Italy, like many many other countries at 290 00:17:16,000 --> 00:17:19,639 Speaker 1: the time, was wasting billions and billions of dollars per 291 00:17:19,800 --> 00:17:24,800 Speaker 1: year in skim milk waste. So now to the point 292 00:17:24,880 --> 00:17:27,920 Speaker 1: you made the top knel this lan ittal gave them 293 00:17:28,160 --> 00:17:32,680 Speaker 1: a really smart, really cheap way to repurpose it, and 294 00:17:33,040 --> 00:17:34,600 Speaker 1: it gave him a lot of bang for their buck. 295 00:17:34,600 --> 00:17:38,119 Speaker 1: A hundred pounds of milk contained about three point seven 296 00:17:38,200 --> 00:17:41,600 Speaker 1: pounds of this protein casein, and that translated to three 297 00:17:41,680 --> 00:17:44,200 Speaker 1: point seven pounds of law and its hall. That's a 298 00:17:44,280 --> 00:17:46,840 Speaker 1: pretty good or turn on investment right there for something 299 00:17:46,880 --> 00:17:49,960 Speaker 1: that would have otherwise gone uh in the trash. And 300 00:17:50,200 --> 00:17:52,119 Speaker 1: really nothing you can do with spoiled milk. You know, 301 00:17:52,240 --> 00:17:54,800 Speaker 1: they don't cry over spoiled milk. That's not how it goes. 302 00:17:54,800 --> 00:17:56,960 Speaker 1: I think it's spilt milk. But still there's nothing you 303 00:17:56,960 --> 00:18:00,600 Speaker 1: can do with it. It's it's it's absolute waste product. Uh. 304 00:18:00,960 --> 00:18:03,639 Speaker 1: So the know there were some issues that had some 305 00:18:03,800 --> 00:18:07,080 Speaker 1: features that were positive. You know, obviously the math works 306 00:18:07,119 --> 00:18:09,879 Speaker 1: out and it seems like a pretty good use of 307 00:18:10,000 --> 00:18:13,879 Speaker 1: material it would otherwise be useless. But it wasn't as 308 00:18:13,960 --> 00:18:18,800 Speaker 1: strong or as stretchy as the real thing. Will um. 309 00:18:19,080 --> 00:18:22,080 Speaker 1: But Mussolini was so into it that he really wanted 310 00:18:22,119 --> 00:18:25,520 Speaker 1: to He wanted Italy to be this kind of purveyor 311 00:18:25,760 --> 00:18:29,159 Speaker 1: of this futurist mentality. So this was also partly a 312 00:18:29,320 --> 00:18:33,840 Speaker 1: kind of propagandistic move to kind of situate Italy um 313 00:18:34,200 --> 00:18:39,359 Speaker 1: as this you know, very forward thinking nation. So he 314 00:18:39,480 --> 00:18:43,320 Speaker 1: wanted more of this kind of thing. So after he 315 00:18:43,480 --> 00:18:47,400 Speaker 1: invaded Ethiopia um and was sanctioned heavily by the League 316 00:18:47,440 --> 00:18:50,800 Speaker 1: of Nations, you know, because fascist dictator and all that, Uh, 317 00:18:50,960 --> 00:18:55,880 Speaker 1: Italy became even more isolated. Uh So he really decided 318 00:18:55,920 --> 00:18:58,720 Speaker 1: it was time to double down on this innovation of 319 00:18:58,920 --> 00:19:04,200 Speaker 1: of landed. Yeah, it became this obsession for the government 320 00:19:04,320 --> 00:19:07,760 Speaker 1: at the time, and the company that was manufacturing land 321 00:19:07,800 --> 00:19:11,680 Speaker 1: etall s n I A Viscosa. They got tons of 322 00:19:11,840 --> 00:19:15,119 Speaker 1: money and government aid and they were getting all the 323 00:19:15,280 --> 00:19:19,280 Speaker 1: levers of government pulled such that they could immediately ramp 324 00:19:19,400 --> 00:19:23,120 Speaker 1: up productions. So by nine seven they had produced ten 325 00:19:23,520 --> 00:19:29,200 Speaker 1: million pounds of this wearable milk, and they started publishing 326 00:19:29,280 --> 00:19:33,760 Speaker 1: propaganda posters that we're telling people to wear milk because 327 00:19:33,760 --> 00:19:37,200 Speaker 1: it was like dressing in an Italian manner. And then 328 00:19:37,600 --> 00:19:41,400 Speaker 1: the futurists who were still around love this invention, of course, 329 00:19:41,440 --> 00:19:44,159 Speaker 1: because it makes them feel like they were right all along. 330 00:19:44,520 --> 00:19:47,440 Speaker 1: And so they praised the fascist government at the time, 331 00:19:47,800 --> 00:19:50,680 Speaker 1: and the guy we mentioned who made that earlier manifesto, 332 00:19:50,920 --> 00:19:55,520 Speaker 1: Marinetti started writing poems for this company, s n I 333 00:19:55,640 --> 00:20:01,359 Speaker 1: A Viscosa. His poem praises the text wild Manufacturer, and 334 00:20:01,440 --> 00:20:04,840 Speaker 1: then this other poem, the simultaneous poem of Italian Fashion, 335 00:20:05,160 --> 00:20:09,760 Speaker 1: also thanks the company for being so Italian like literally 336 00:20:09,960 --> 00:20:14,920 Speaker 1: it's exemplary Italian nous. But his most memorable poem in 337 00:20:15,040 --> 00:20:19,040 Speaker 1: this in this regard is his poem of the Milk Dress, 338 00:20:19,280 --> 00:20:23,120 Speaker 1: which was published in like a little propaganda pamphlet booklet, 339 00:20:23,680 --> 00:20:27,560 Speaker 1: and they have they have lines like and let this 340 00:20:27,720 --> 00:20:31,520 Speaker 1: complicated milk be welcome, power, power, power, Let's exalt this 341 00:20:31,800 --> 00:20:36,800 Speaker 1: milk made of reinforced steel, milk of war, militarized milk. 342 00:20:37,640 --> 00:20:41,200 Speaker 1: It worked. That's the weirdest part that poem worked. It 343 00:20:41,320 --> 00:20:46,000 Speaker 1: reminds me of a funny bit of a British comedy 344 00:20:46,080 --> 00:20:48,640 Speaker 1: series that many of you might be familiar with called 345 00:20:48,680 --> 00:20:52,280 Speaker 1: The Mighty Bush. There's a character named Howard Moon and 346 00:20:52,440 --> 00:20:54,440 Speaker 1: he's obsessed. In the first season, they work at a 347 00:20:54,520 --> 00:20:57,359 Speaker 1: zoo him and his partner, Vince Noir, is kind of 348 00:20:57,440 --> 00:21:00,439 Speaker 1: like a fashion play, kind of hipster mod and Howard 349 00:21:00,560 --> 00:21:04,159 Speaker 1: is obsessed with this woman whose name I'm forgetting, and 350 00:21:04,280 --> 00:21:06,879 Speaker 1: he writes her these poems that he's too shy to 351 00:21:07,320 --> 00:21:10,560 Speaker 1: to read to her, but they're all used the metaphor 352 00:21:10,680 --> 00:21:15,080 Speaker 1: of cream, and he refers to himself as England's premier 353 00:21:15,240 --> 00:21:19,400 Speaker 1: cream poet. So you know, it's it's a thing. There's 354 00:21:19,400 --> 00:21:22,320 Speaker 1: an exerpt from one of Howard Moon's cream poems. He goes, 355 00:21:22,560 --> 00:21:26,800 Speaker 1: and your nose like a delicious slope of cream, your 356 00:21:26,880 --> 00:21:32,360 Speaker 1: ears like cream flaps, and your teeth like hard, shiny 357 00:21:32,920 --> 00:21:37,159 Speaker 1: pegs of cream. Yeah that's all I got. Yeah, So 358 00:21:37,320 --> 00:21:41,000 Speaker 1: maybe maybe they're taking some inspiration from this guy who's 359 00:21:41,000 --> 00:21:43,200 Speaker 1: a real life milk poet. I would like to think so. 360 00:21:43,480 --> 00:21:46,440 Speaker 1: But I like the phrase milk of war. It's it's 361 00:21:48,000 --> 00:21:50,679 Speaker 1: it feels like it's a good it's a good concept 362 00:21:51,520 --> 00:21:54,560 Speaker 1: album name for metal bands. Is that the opposite of 363 00:21:54,600 --> 00:21:57,880 Speaker 1: the milk of human kindness? It's definitely, I mean it's 364 00:21:58,000 --> 00:22:00,399 Speaker 1: it's definitely a different kind of ilk. You know. I 365 00:22:00,520 --> 00:22:03,640 Speaker 1: was also thinking, like, gods of war, dogs of war? 366 00:22:04,359 --> 00:22:07,280 Speaker 1: What does it cry? Havoc, let loose the milk of war? 367 00:22:08,280 --> 00:22:10,920 Speaker 1: I love it. I'm here for it. Ben, Well, we'll 368 00:22:10,920 --> 00:22:13,200 Speaker 1: see where, We'll see where it goes nol. Perhaps we 369 00:22:13,400 --> 00:22:18,359 Speaker 1: have a future as dairy based poets ourselves. Will we 370 00:22:18,520 --> 00:22:22,280 Speaker 1: be as successful as Marionetti? Well, that's a that's a 371 00:22:22,760 --> 00:22:25,280 Speaker 1: that's a tall order, or should I say it's whole milkshake. 372 00:22:25,480 --> 00:22:31,000 Speaker 1: Because London's Hall was everywhere in Italy and people started 373 00:22:31,080 --> 00:22:34,840 Speaker 1: praising it in other countries. There was a British publication, 374 00:22:34,960 --> 00:22:39,280 Speaker 1: the Children's Newspaper, that reported on this in April nineteen 375 00:22:39,400 --> 00:22:42,360 Speaker 1: thirty seven. Was it like a Sesame Street type situation? 376 00:22:42,520 --> 00:22:44,880 Speaker 1: Why was it called the children's newspaper? That's an odd 377 00:22:44,960 --> 00:22:47,480 Speaker 1: name for a newspaper. It was made of children. This 378 00:22:47,640 --> 00:22:49,840 Speaker 1: was a very weird time, it would appear. So they 379 00:22:49,880 --> 00:22:52,520 Speaker 1: were just material science run a muck is what I 380 00:22:52,560 --> 00:22:56,040 Speaker 1: would say. But yeah, I mean milk wool was used 381 00:22:56,119 --> 00:22:59,920 Speaker 1: to make these uh, very you know, fine Italian sue 382 00:23:00,240 --> 00:23:04,359 Speaker 1: and dresses and garments and even like flags. And this 383 00:23:04,680 --> 00:23:07,200 Speaker 1: order had gone out, you know, from the government, because 384 00:23:07,240 --> 00:23:09,520 Speaker 1: they ruled all this stuff with an iron fist, that 385 00:23:09,760 --> 00:23:13,560 Speaker 1: flags and banners should be made of this milk wool 386 00:23:14,080 --> 00:23:16,879 Speaker 1: um and because it was a nationalist kind of vibe. 387 00:23:17,000 --> 00:23:20,240 Speaker 1: Right then in nineteen thirty eight, s n I A. 388 00:23:20,520 --> 00:23:24,040 Speaker 1: The Scosta, the company that you mentioned, UM was hell 389 00:23:24,160 --> 00:23:28,080 Speaker 1: bent on spreading the milk the gospel of milk based 390 00:23:28,160 --> 00:23:31,440 Speaker 1: clothing around the world. They wanted to go global with 391 00:23:31,600 --> 00:23:34,720 Speaker 1: this UM and in two years they had sold patents 392 00:23:34,760 --> 00:23:38,440 Speaker 1: to eight different countries in Europe, mainly Holland, Poland, Germany, 393 00:23:38,520 --> 00:23:45,040 Speaker 1: Belgium and Japan, also France, Canada, Czechoslovakia and England. So 394 00:23:45,400 --> 00:23:49,359 Speaker 1: there's only one country absent from this milk wool craze, 395 00:23:49,400 --> 00:23:51,920 Speaker 1: and I think we can guess which one that was UM. 396 00:23:52,080 --> 00:23:54,800 Speaker 1: This is the good old US of A. Yeah, that's right. 397 00:23:55,040 --> 00:23:59,840 Speaker 1: The the SCOSA saw huge potential in the United States. 398 00:24:00,000 --> 00:24:03,240 Speaker 1: It's a big country, it has an enormous dairy and 399 00:24:03,400 --> 00:24:09,200 Speaker 1: agricultural infrastructure already, and they also knew that Americans have 400 00:24:09,320 --> 00:24:11,880 Speaker 1: been thinking about this for some time since the early 401 00:24:12,040 --> 00:24:17,159 Speaker 1: nineteen twenties. There had been discussion in trade circles and 402 00:24:17,200 --> 00:24:21,800 Speaker 1: agricultural colleges about using this protein, using casein as a 403 00:24:22,000 --> 00:24:27,600 Speaker 1: bridge between agricultural and manufacturing sectors, again as a way 404 00:24:27,680 --> 00:24:32,159 Speaker 1: to avoid tremendous skim milk waste. They were just they 405 00:24:32,200 --> 00:24:36,560 Speaker 1: were taking a milk bath on fifty billion pounds of 406 00:24:36,760 --> 00:24:40,439 Speaker 1: milk period totally. I mean that wasn't a uniquely Italian problem. 407 00:24:40,480 --> 00:24:42,760 Speaker 1: I mean, milk wastes, milk waste wherever you are in 408 00:24:42,800 --> 00:24:44,879 Speaker 1: the world. It reminds me of that episode we did 409 00:24:45,000 --> 00:24:51,399 Speaker 1: about repurposing feed sacks uh into dresses, only kind of 410 00:24:51,440 --> 00:24:53,840 Speaker 1: the other way around. Even if there were problems with 411 00:24:53,920 --> 00:24:56,320 Speaker 1: this material, you think they could have at least used 412 00:24:56,359 --> 00:24:58,399 Speaker 1: it to make feed sacks, especially it was since it 413 00:24:58,440 --> 00:25:01,720 Speaker 1: was such a part of like the arming industry, right, Yeah, 414 00:25:01,800 --> 00:25:04,119 Speaker 1: that's a good point. Didn't really come up in the research, 415 00:25:04,160 --> 00:25:06,320 Speaker 1: but it's just something that occurred to me. Yeah. Yeah. 416 00:25:06,520 --> 00:25:10,080 Speaker 1: Originally the US solution was going to be something like 417 00:25:10,920 --> 00:25:13,720 Speaker 1: process this waste milk so that we can use the 418 00:25:13,840 --> 00:25:18,960 Speaker 1: protein in glue in buttons and combs. It was used 419 00:25:19,080 --> 00:25:22,960 Speaker 1: during World War One in a paint. They made milk 420 00:25:23,080 --> 00:25:27,240 Speaker 1: paint for airplanes. It was in piano keys by nineteen 421 00:25:27,359 --> 00:25:30,880 Speaker 1: forty or so. Like they were doing their their own 422 00:25:30,960 --> 00:25:34,600 Speaker 1: stuff too. They just hadn't gotten to the clothing part yet. 423 00:25:34,760 --> 00:25:38,280 Speaker 1: And that's why this Italian company, s nia Viscosa thinks 424 00:25:38,800 --> 00:25:40,560 Speaker 1: why not, Well, why don't why don't we do it? 425 00:25:40,960 --> 00:25:43,320 Speaker 1: This seems like a cool job for some people. Maybe 426 00:25:43,359 --> 00:25:46,680 Speaker 1: not me, but for some people. They sent fashion emissaries 427 00:25:47,080 --> 00:25:51,680 Speaker 1: to promote law nitall clothing like socialites, well connected people. 428 00:25:51,800 --> 00:25:54,920 Speaker 1: I think there was, uh, some Italian aristocrats they sent. 429 00:25:55,280 --> 00:25:58,000 Speaker 1: I feel like today that'd be somewhere in the neighborhood 430 00:25:58,040 --> 00:26:00,840 Speaker 1: of a combination of like an Instagram influencer and a 431 00:26:00,960 --> 00:26:05,240 Speaker 1: diplomat exactly very well put. One of these, in particular 432 00:26:06,119 --> 00:26:11,159 Speaker 1: was a journalist um who became an Italian princess by 433 00:26:11,200 --> 00:26:15,520 Speaker 1: the name of Marguerite Katani Um and she promoted this 434 00:26:15,680 --> 00:26:19,840 Speaker 1: material in New York in seven there is an article 435 00:26:19,880 --> 00:26:24,760 Speaker 1: in Time magazine that also described Katani's ability or efforts 436 00:26:24,840 --> 00:26:30,600 Speaker 1: to recruit American socialites, folks like Mona Bismarck, who Chanel 437 00:26:31,520 --> 00:26:36,760 Speaker 1: once um named the best dressed woman in the world 438 00:26:37,320 --> 00:26:41,920 Speaker 1: and had her model. Uh, these high end milk based dresses. Ext. 439 00:26:42,040 --> 00:26:45,439 Speaker 1: I can't not chuckle when I say milk based dresses. Uh. 440 00:26:45,640 --> 00:26:47,840 Speaker 1: And this was something that was like put front and 441 00:26:47,960 --> 00:26:51,240 Speaker 1: center in front of these American audiences. Yeah, and it 442 00:26:51,280 --> 00:26:54,720 Speaker 1: paid off. Paid off, by the way. One a team 443 00:26:54,800 --> 00:26:58,480 Speaker 1: for the a r A, the Atlantic Research Associates, which 444 00:26:58,560 --> 00:27:01,720 Speaker 1: is a division at the time of the National Dairy Corporation, 445 00:27:02,359 --> 00:27:06,639 Speaker 1: starts producing what is essentially Latin at All under the 446 00:27:06,760 --> 00:27:11,080 Speaker 1: name are a Lack, which is land at al and 447 00:27:11,359 --> 00:27:14,840 Speaker 1: r A lack sound like characters from Tolkien or something, 448 00:27:15,200 --> 00:27:18,919 Speaker 1: But that's our lack is a r A as an 449 00:27:18,960 --> 00:27:23,440 Speaker 1: American Research Associates plus lack Latin for milk l A C. 450 00:27:24,280 --> 00:27:27,280 Speaker 1: And the fibers are a hit. The New York fashion 451 00:27:27,440 --> 00:27:30,480 Speaker 1: scene is thinking, Wow, our lack clothing is the way 452 00:27:30,520 --> 00:27:33,440 Speaker 1: of the future. It's like a short, like people wear this. 453 00:27:33,680 --> 00:27:36,760 Speaker 1: They're so sophisticated, you know, and they're so elite. There's 454 00:27:36,800 --> 00:27:40,280 Speaker 1: so fashion forward. Onward to the future, and the future 455 00:27:40,440 --> 00:27:43,640 Speaker 1: is milk uh. But then the US joined World War 456 00:27:43,720 --> 00:27:51,080 Speaker 1: Two and our lack became much more valuable for military purposes. 457 00:27:51,359 --> 00:27:56,040 Speaker 1: It was blended with rayon to produce hats, and that 458 00:27:56,320 --> 00:27:59,440 Speaker 1: means here's our trivia fact that comes to us courtesy 459 00:27:59,520 --> 00:28:03,240 Speaker 1: of Life magazine. This means during World War Two, a 460 00:28:03,320 --> 00:28:07,800 Speaker 1: lot of American soldiers literally wore milk into battle. It's 461 00:28:07,880 --> 00:28:10,959 Speaker 1: so weird. And then, like Land at All, our relax 462 00:28:11,119 --> 00:28:15,200 Speaker 1: spread throughout the United States. Maybe it wasn't quite the 463 00:28:15,359 --> 00:28:18,200 Speaker 1: level of popularity that Land at All reached in Italy, 464 00:28:18,800 --> 00:28:21,400 Speaker 1: but you could in the forties you could find our 465 00:28:21,560 --> 00:28:25,080 Speaker 1: lack in coats and suits and dresses, and a lot 466 00:28:25,160 --> 00:28:28,960 Speaker 1: of people didn't know either that they were wearing milk. Well, sure, 467 00:28:29,080 --> 00:28:31,960 Speaker 1: and I would maybe argue that it wouldn't have been 468 00:28:32,160 --> 00:28:33,520 Speaker 1: as as big of a thing as it was in 469 00:28:33,640 --> 00:28:37,520 Speaker 1: Italy because obviously Italy was a totalitarian, fascist regime and 470 00:28:37,560 --> 00:28:40,440 Speaker 1: he could basically force companies to use the stuff, whereas 471 00:28:40,480 --> 00:28:42,800 Speaker 1: in America they would have had to adopt it willingly, 472 00:28:43,040 --> 00:28:45,800 Speaker 1: you know, and and uh, the market would have had 473 00:28:45,840 --> 00:28:48,560 Speaker 1: to adopt it, and the audiences would have had to 474 00:28:48,600 --> 00:28:52,560 Speaker 1: adopt him. True. Yeah, there are more decision makers involved, 475 00:28:53,240 --> 00:28:57,120 Speaker 1: and maybe that's why after a time milk based fabrics 476 00:28:58,160 --> 00:29:01,040 Speaker 1: started to fall out of favor, not just in the 477 00:29:01,200 --> 00:29:04,320 Speaker 1: US but in in the world because you know, we 478 00:29:04,480 --> 00:29:08,360 Speaker 1: mentioned earlier that Landatoll was like wool, but it wasn't 479 00:29:08,440 --> 00:29:12,080 Speaker 1: as durable. It could break easily, threads could come out 480 00:29:12,120 --> 00:29:15,920 Speaker 1: when you ironed it. But the weirdest thing, and this 481 00:29:16,120 --> 00:29:18,360 Speaker 1: is something I was thinking about two before we started 482 00:29:18,400 --> 00:29:22,120 Speaker 1: digging into this, The weirdest thing about land Atoll and 483 00:29:22,360 --> 00:29:27,640 Speaker 1: are Lack, I believe, was the smell. When they got damp, 484 00:29:28,400 --> 00:29:32,640 Speaker 1: they sometimes smelled like sour milk. So imagine you're out 485 00:29:32,680 --> 00:29:35,640 Speaker 1: on a date with your like Tom Waite says, if 486 00:29:35,680 --> 00:29:37,960 Speaker 1: you've got your arms around your sweet when your oldsmobile 487 00:29:38,400 --> 00:29:40,760 Speaker 1: you got the top down, it starts raining, and all 488 00:29:40,800 --> 00:29:43,680 Speaker 1: of a sudden your date points out that you smell 489 00:29:43,760 --> 00:29:46,400 Speaker 1: of spoiled milk. A but spoiled milk if you prefer, 490 00:29:46,760 --> 00:29:49,719 Speaker 1: I do prefer, but I appreciate you thinking of me. There, man, 491 00:29:50,080 --> 00:29:52,760 Speaker 1: it's true. Um, and we're gonna get to some modern 492 00:29:53,000 --> 00:29:59,120 Speaker 1: uh kind of innovations and milk based fiber, but for now, uh, 493 00:29:59,240 --> 00:30:04,640 Speaker 1: it kind fizzled, right, Yeah, that's correct, and Viscosa the 494 00:30:04,720 --> 00:30:09,920 Speaker 1: Italian companies started focusing their energy on other alternatives, but 495 00:30:10,640 --> 00:30:13,480 Speaker 1: they took a hit for the war effort because they, 496 00:30:13,840 --> 00:30:17,600 Speaker 1: like the U. S Forces. Uh, the Italian forces had 497 00:30:17,640 --> 00:30:21,120 Speaker 1: a lot of land at all in their own battle gear, 498 00:30:21,240 --> 00:30:25,840 Speaker 1: their boots, their blankets, their uniforms, and Mussolini thought this 499 00:30:25,920 --> 00:30:30,240 Speaker 1: would help them resist poison gas because again, Mussolini loved milk. 500 00:30:30,440 --> 00:30:39,040 Speaker 1: Milk can do no wrong if you're Mussolini. The problem 501 00:30:39,160 --> 00:30:42,680 Speaker 1: is that land at all didn't really help Italian soldiers. 502 00:30:43,240 --> 00:30:47,200 Speaker 1: There were cheaper products that were already flooding the market. 503 00:30:47,320 --> 00:30:49,840 Speaker 1: There wasn't a clear advantage to land at all other 504 00:30:50,000 --> 00:30:53,160 Speaker 1: than being a creative way to use milk waste. And 505 00:30:53,280 --> 00:30:55,960 Speaker 1: so it started to fizzle out in Italy as well 506 00:30:56,120 --> 00:30:59,440 Speaker 1: for a time. As you said, yeah, that's right, um. 507 00:31:00,600 --> 00:31:05,280 Speaker 1: And yet here we are in uh the year with 508 00:31:05,400 --> 00:31:08,320 Speaker 1: If there was ever any year that sounded more futuri, I, 509 00:31:08,520 --> 00:31:11,000 Speaker 1: I don't know of it. Um, We're in it, guys. 510 00:31:11,080 --> 00:31:13,280 Speaker 1: And there certainly are some of those FUTUREI things that 511 00:31:13,320 --> 00:31:16,760 Speaker 1: maybe we're portrayed in that tech savory cartoon like video 512 00:31:16,920 --> 00:31:19,400 Speaker 1: chat uh and and such. That's the one that I 513 00:31:19,440 --> 00:31:21,480 Speaker 1: always thought was the most future, like those you know, 514 00:31:21,560 --> 00:31:23,720 Speaker 1: communicators and Star Trek and all that. So we have 515 00:31:23,920 --> 00:31:25,880 Speaker 1: that a lot of the technology that we have a 516 00:31:25,920 --> 00:31:28,680 Speaker 1: little more subtle. Sure we have electric cars. We certainly 517 00:31:28,680 --> 00:31:30,880 Speaker 1: don't have flying cars or suitcase cars or any of 518 00:31:30,960 --> 00:31:33,680 Speaker 1: that stuff, or food in pill form, but we do 519 00:31:34,000 --> 00:31:38,120 Speaker 1: have wearable milk uh, and it is making a comeback 520 00:31:38,280 --> 00:31:42,120 Speaker 1: in the world of hoot couture. Hope, I pronounced that right, 521 00:31:42,160 --> 00:31:44,920 Speaker 1: hot couture whatever? Uh, Casey, what what do you think 522 00:31:45,160 --> 00:31:50,520 Speaker 1: ho hawk is? There is the t siland thank you Casey. 523 00:31:50,600 --> 00:31:54,040 Speaker 1: On the case Pretaporte was that a film was a 524 00:31:54,080 --> 00:31:56,320 Speaker 1: friend that mean's ready to wear Robert at tell me 525 00:31:56,640 --> 00:31:58,560 Speaker 1: that's right. I haven't seen that one. I've heard it's good. 526 00:31:59,640 --> 00:32:02,840 Speaker 1: Casey has nothing to say about this, uh, not your faith, 527 00:32:02,920 --> 00:32:06,160 Speaker 1: not one of his finale of Okay fair, But it's true. 528 00:32:06,440 --> 00:32:11,600 Speaker 1: It has remained kind of top of mind for some 529 00:32:11,800 --> 00:32:14,840 Speaker 1: futures for obvious reasons, right, Like, it really does feel 530 00:32:14,880 --> 00:32:18,320 Speaker 1: like a smart use of a waste product that I 531 00:32:18,400 --> 00:32:21,240 Speaker 1: still haven't heard in any of this research any other 532 00:32:21,360 --> 00:32:23,959 Speaker 1: good uses for Uh. You did mention at the top 533 00:32:24,080 --> 00:32:26,160 Speaker 1: end that you could use those fibers for other things 534 00:32:26,240 --> 00:32:28,360 Speaker 1: like glue and buttons and all that, and maybe that's 535 00:32:28,360 --> 00:32:32,240 Speaker 1: the thing that's done. I don't really know. But in eleven, 536 00:32:33,200 --> 00:32:38,200 Speaker 1: a German based clothing company called Camilche comedic because it's 537 00:32:38,320 --> 00:32:41,200 Speaker 1: milk in German and the que could be silent, it 538 00:32:41,240 --> 00:32:43,200 Speaker 1: could just be milk, but I'm gonna go with comi 539 00:32:44,200 --> 00:32:49,560 Speaker 1: um and they designed or manufactured and designed all of 540 00:32:49,720 --> 00:32:55,800 Speaker 1: their highly fashionable products using casin. And it all started 541 00:32:55,840 --> 00:33:00,440 Speaker 1: with a German microbiologist, interesting combo and designer named Anka 542 00:33:00,680 --> 00:33:05,160 Speaker 1: domasca Um And they claim that their products require fewer 543 00:33:05,240 --> 00:33:08,840 Speaker 1: chemicals than lan atol. In the nineties and the forties. 544 00:33:09,040 --> 00:33:12,520 Speaker 1: She actually single handedly or with a small team, developed 545 00:33:12,640 --> 00:33:16,480 Speaker 1: a better process than those Italian scientists had back in 546 00:33:16,560 --> 00:33:19,920 Speaker 1: the thirties, and a single dress costs between two hundred 547 00:33:19,920 --> 00:33:22,720 Speaker 1: and two hundred three dollars uh and has made from 548 00:33:22,880 --> 00:33:26,840 Speaker 1: six leaders of milk. Yeah, yeah, and there are there 549 00:33:26,880 --> 00:33:29,760 Speaker 1: are other people who are coming into the fray. Here 550 00:33:30,520 --> 00:33:34,000 Speaker 1: you can see articles from places like Reuters reporting how 551 00:33:34,160 --> 00:33:37,880 Speaker 1: other high and fashioned labels are selling milk based clothing. 552 00:33:38,760 --> 00:33:43,480 Speaker 1: Uniclow has a popular apparel line called heat Tech and 553 00:33:43,560 --> 00:33:48,040 Speaker 1: that's partially made from milk proteins. Mademoiselle Chichi is selling 554 00:33:48,160 --> 00:33:52,440 Speaker 1: milk based clothing. And now you know, in these are 555 00:33:52,520 --> 00:33:56,480 Speaker 1: modern days, the world is threatened by some pretty catastrophic 556 00:33:56,560 --> 00:34:01,480 Speaker 1: consequences of global warming, and folks are looking for alternatives 557 00:34:01,720 --> 00:34:05,760 Speaker 1: to oil based products like polyester and so on. So 558 00:34:05,880 --> 00:34:08,560 Speaker 1: what the question is, does it make sense to give 559 00:34:08,719 --> 00:34:12,800 Speaker 1: milk clothing a second chance? The answer is yeah, and 560 00:34:13,160 --> 00:34:15,759 Speaker 1: there are a lot of people behind it. We know 561 00:34:16,000 --> 00:34:21,080 Speaker 1: that there is ongoing research. People already created softer, more 562 00:34:21,239 --> 00:34:26,000 Speaker 1: durable versions of these materials. Hopefully they've chosen better brand 563 00:34:26,120 --> 00:34:29,080 Speaker 1: names for them, better than com but well, I mean 564 00:34:29,320 --> 00:34:32,279 Speaker 1: land at all. I think because on the page. Look, 565 00:34:32,440 --> 00:34:37,120 Speaker 1: it visually rhymes with genital that's weird or jaritol, which 566 00:34:37,160 --> 00:34:38,960 Speaker 1: I've never understood what it actually has. I know it's 567 00:34:39,000 --> 00:34:42,520 Speaker 1: a medication over the counter that the elderly take. I 568 00:34:42,560 --> 00:34:44,960 Speaker 1: assume it's for a digestion, but I'm not really sure. 569 00:34:45,440 --> 00:34:49,200 Speaker 1: And are lack, which is a which sounds like czar 570 00:34:49,320 --> 00:34:51,600 Speaker 1: lac or something. It sounds like a weird monster from 571 00:34:51,640 --> 00:34:54,680 Speaker 1: a sci fi film. So, but what's what's it? What's 572 00:34:54,719 --> 00:34:56,879 Speaker 1: in a name? You know? The answer is a lot. 573 00:34:57,280 --> 00:34:59,600 Speaker 1: It is a lot. Yeah, it's the barrier for entry 574 00:34:59,680 --> 00:35:02,880 Speaker 1: for a how to folks. I did want to mention 575 00:35:03,520 --> 00:35:05,720 Speaker 1: I saw a really cool video that you can find 576 00:35:06,600 --> 00:35:10,799 Speaker 1: online if you google milk clothing. I think that's really 577 00:35:10,840 --> 00:35:13,440 Speaker 1: all you need to do. You'll find a video um 578 00:35:13,719 --> 00:35:18,680 Speaker 1: from Euromax to x is because it's extreme adaptable called 579 00:35:18,760 --> 00:35:21,640 Speaker 1: clothes from Milk and it it talks about this designer, 580 00:35:21,800 --> 00:35:25,600 Speaker 1: Anka Domoski. At the time this came out in she's 581 00:35:25,600 --> 00:35:28,520 Speaker 1: only twenty years old, the biologist and fashion designer we 582 00:35:28,560 --> 00:35:30,680 Speaker 1: talked about, and she walks through the whole thinking behind it, 583 00:35:30,920 --> 00:35:34,080 Speaker 1: but she never credits the Italians. I gotta I gotta 584 00:35:34,400 --> 00:35:37,239 Speaker 1: falter for that like everything in the in the piece 585 00:35:37,320 --> 00:35:38,960 Speaker 1: and the way she talks about it almost makes it 586 00:35:39,000 --> 00:35:41,320 Speaker 1: seem like she came up with this idea alone. And 587 00:35:41,400 --> 00:35:44,200 Speaker 1: even the process it shows the factory looks almost exactly 588 00:35:44,280 --> 00:35:48,120 Speaker 1: like that situation in that very early video, the old 589 00:35:48,120 --> 00:35:51,200 Speaker 1: timey one from the thirties. Um. But they did apparently 590 00:35:51,320 --> 00:35:54,440 Speaker 1: solve the smell problem, because apparently these garments do not 591 00:35:54,560 --> 00:35:57,880 Speaker 1: ever smell, and they're pretty easy to care for and 592 00:35:58,360 --> 00:36:00,640 Speaker 1: they feel good, because that was another problem with the 593 00:36:00,719 --> 00:36:04,240 Speaker 1: original formula, as I think it wasn't as malleable or stretchy, 594 00:36:04,360 --> 00:36:06,200 Speaker 1: and it also had a bit of a roughness to 595 00:36:06,280 --> 00:36:09,040 Speaker 1: it that wasn't pleasant m which is why they combined 596 00:36:09,080 --> 00:36:11,640 Speaker 1: it with a lot of stuff. But this, this other, 597 00:36:12,120 --> 00:36:17,200 Speaker 1: this new milk clothing design also requires less water to 598 00:36:17,360 --> 00:36:21,880 Speaker 1: make so and it balances out against the production process 599 00:36:21,920 --> 00:36:25,080 Speaker 1: of cotton. So there is a very real chance that 600 00:36:25,400 --> 00:36:30,040 Speaker 1: in the future, ridiculous historians, you too could be wearing 601 00:36:30,160 --> 00:36:34,000 Speaker 1: the latest uh in dairy fashion, which is milk clothing. Uh. 602 00:36:34,719 --> 00:36:38,080 Speaker 1: So maybe our answer to that that question UH that 603 00:36:38,280 --> 00:36:43,440 Speaker 1: Casey and Paul had years ago, is milk ingredients or 604 00:36:43,680 --> 00:36:46,759 Speaker 1: is it a beverage? Perhaps now it's just a pair 605 00:36:46,840 --> 00:36:52,480 Speaker 1: of slacks, hats, dresses, underwear. I don't know there's a 606 00:36:52,560 --> 00:36:55,080 Speaker 1: heat problem there. But if they fixed the smell, yeah, 607 00:36:55,120 --> 00:36:57,439 Speaker 1: they fixed the smell. Um, Yeah, it's fine. This whole 608 00:36:57,480 --> 00:36:58,799 Speaker 1: time we've been doing this, I've been trying to think 609 00:36:58,800 --> 00:37:03,080 Speaker 1: of what the really popular milk ad campaign slogan was. Yeah, 610 00:37:03,120 --> 00:37:05,120 Speaker 1: it was Got Milk, but very incorrectly in my mind, 611 00:37:05,280 --> 00:37:09,680 Speaker 1: was milk the fresh Maker? No, that's not it. That 612 00:37:09,760 --> 00:37:12,879 Speaker 1: was mentos. And then I also thought milk, it's what's 613 00:37:12,960 --> 00:37:15,800 Speaker 1: for dinner. Also, I'm not sure I believe that was beef. 614 00:37:16,200 --> 00:37:20,319 Speaker 1: And then there was milk the other white meat, New 615 00:37:20,440 --> 00:37:24,839 Speaker 1: York milky. Yeah. Do you guys know who directed those 616 00:37:25,120 --> 00:37:27,440 Speaker 1: Got Milk ads? By the way, No, who was it? No? 617 00:37:27,760 --> 00:37:31,200 Speaker 1: Was it like Steven Soderberger, David Fincher or something, Michael 618 00:37:31,239 --> 00:37:36,120 Speaker 1: Bay Oh, I got a start, yep, yep. Okay, that's 619 00:37:36,160 --> 00:37:38,880 Speaker 1: a good one. So an explosive ad campaign if you 620 00:37:38,960 --> 00:37:42,200 Speaker 1: can't do explosions exactly, that was That was pre he 621 00:37:42,280 --> 00:37:44,160 Speaker 1: didn't have the budget yet. I bet if he had, 622 00:37:44,239 --> 00:37:46,120 Speaker 1: he would have figured out a way to shoehorn an 623 00:37:46,160 --> 00:37:49,840 Speaker 1: explosion into those. But that has a really great milk 624 00:37:50,040 --> 00:37:53,799 Speaker 1: based trivia nugget to end on today. I personally found 625 00:37:53,840 --> 00:37:57,040 Speaker 1: this subject delightful. Um and it's really cool that it 626 00:37:57,120 --> 00:38:00,200 Speaker 1: has such a full circle kind of trajectory and now 627 00:38:00,280 --> 00:38:02,759 Speaker 1: here we are in the future, the actual future that 628 00:38:02,800 --> 00:38:05,680 Speaker 1: the futurists were dreaming of, and perhaps milk will be 629 00:38:06,440 --> 00:38:09,279 Speaker 1: part of your next outfit. I hope you enjoyed this 630 00:38:09,440 --> 00:38:12,520 Speaker 1: episode Ridiculous Historians. I know we've got a couple of 631 00:38:12,560 --> 00:38:14,320 Speaker 1: people in the crowd who are saying, well, or we 632 00:38:14,440 --> 00:38:18,200 Speaker 1: only using milk from cattle at this point, that seems 633 00:38:18,200 --> 00:38:19,960 Speaker 1: to be the case. So if you want to get 634 00:38:19,960 --> 00:38:23,480 Speaker 1: ahead of the fashion curve, maybe your next move is 635 00:38:23,640 --> 00:38:29,439 Speaker 1: to get milk from another mammal, horse milk, goat milk, 636 00:38:29,680 --> 00:38:32,680 Speaker 1: and so on. Let us know how it goes. We 637 00:38:32,840 --> 00:38:35,279 Speaker 1: want to hear from you. We want to hear your 638 00:38:35,400 --> 00:38:37,920 Speaker 1: favorite bits of trivia. I would like to hear uh, 639 00:38:38,080 --> 00:38:41,360 Speaker 1: some of your favorite commercial jingles. They don't have to 640 00:38:41,440 --> 00:38:44,000 Speaker 1: have anything to do with milk. Tell us all about it. 641 00:38:44,080 --> 00:38:45,880 Speaker 1: On the internet. You can find us on Facebook, can 642 00:38:45,920 --> 00:38:47,880 Speaker 1: find us on Instagram. You can find us on Twitter. 643 00:38:48,320 --> 00:38:51,719 Speaker 1: Like to recommend Ridiculous Historians are community page, but you 644 00:38:51,800 --> 00:38:54,239 Speaker 1: can also find us not just as a show, but 645 00:38:54,400 --> 00:38:57,400 Speaker 1: as individuals. Boy, can you ever? You can find me 646 00:38:57,920 --> 00:39:01,640 Speaker 1: on Instagram at how now Old Brown? How about you, Ben? 647 00:39:01,719 --> 00:39:05,480 Speaker 1: Where can the folks find your Internet presence? Thanks for asking, though. 648 00:39:05,520 --> 00:39:08,840 Speaker 1: You can find me on Instagram at ben Bolland. You 649 00:39:08,960 --> 00:39:11,919 Speaker 1: can also find me on Twitter where I'm at Ben 650 00:39:12,160 --> 00:39:16,839 Speaker 1: Bolland h s W. Thanks as always to our long 651 00:39:16,920 --> 00:39:20,279 Speaker 1: suffering super producer Casey Pegram. Casey, I swear I'm not 652 00:39:20,400 --> 00:39:22,479 Speaker 1: making up that story. You guys did have a weird 653 00:39:22,560 --> 00:39:25,839 Speaker 1: conversation about it. I can remember some kind of long 654 00:39:25,960 --> 00:39:30,200 Speaker 1: protracted argument over nothing, so they probably was that was 655 00:39:30,280 --> 00:39:33,160 Speaker 1: there also not at a brief debate as to whether 656 00:39:33,200 --> 00:39:36,560 Speaker 1: egg nog should be served hot or cold possibly would 657 00:39:36,600 --> 00:39:38,960 Speaker 1: stay cold again. Yeah, you don't remember any of these 658 00:39:39,080 --> 00:39:43,200 Speaker 1: cream or milk based arguments, Casey, No, you're cream blind. 659 00:39:43,640 --> 00:39:48,080 Speaker 1: Got the dairy blindness, kid, But you'll soldier on uh 660 00:39:48,239 --> 00:39:52,759 Speaker 1: thinks also too, of course, Alex Williams, I don't. This 661 00:39:52,960 --> 00:39:56,040 Speaker 1: is a great story and I personally, I personally really 662 00:39:56,120 --> 00:39:59,160 Speaker 1: enjoyed it cast Mussolini in a new light, but it 663 00:39:59,280 --> 00:40:01,000 Speaker 1: didn't get me to the point where I feel like 664 00:40:01,040 --> 00:40:03,359 Speaker 1: I should thank him. If that makes I don't need 665 00:40:03,400 --> 00:40:06,439 Speaker 1: to thank him the Moose as I like to call him. Huge. 666 00:40:06,480 --> 00:40:09,360 Speaker 1: Thanks Christopher hasciotes here in spirit, Alex Williams who composed 667 00:40:09,640 --> 00:40:13,319 Speaker 1: this banging bob Uh, Jonathan Strickland the Quister. I believe 668 00:40:13,360 --> 00:40:16,759 Speaker 1: we're due for zoom bomb any day now, thankfully not 669 00:40:16,960 --> 00:40:22,280 Speaker 1: today and thinks as well to Eve's Jeff Coach. Thanks 670 00:40:22,400 --> 00:40:25,440 Speaker 1: to you've know and thanks to all. This is a 671 00:40:25,560 --> 00:40:29,400 Speaker 1: sincere thanks. Thanks to all the farmers and all the 672 00:40:29,560 --> 00:40:32,960 Speaker 1: cattle who have made this possible. Oh God, and we'd 673 00:40:33,000 --> 00:40:36,520 Speaker 1: be remiss if we didn't thank researcher extraordinaire Gabe Louisier, 674 00:40:36,920 --> 00:40:41,520 Speaker 1: who wrote us a delightful email to demystify the pronunciation 675 00:40:41,640 --> 00:40:45,239 Speaker 1: of his last name. It is, in fact Lucier ah Man, 676 00:40:45,600 --> 00:40:48,640 Speaker 1: the Magic's God. Well, Gabe, maybe his name is actually 677 00:40:48,760 --> 00:40:51,839 Speaker 1: pronounced gob A and he just hasn't told us. Let's 678 00:40:52,120 --> 00:40:54,800 Speaker 1: let's get this season two of Gabe's weird name and 679 00:40:54,880 --> 00:40:56,319 Speaker 1: you know what, let's have him back on the show. 680 00:40:56,600 --> 00:41:06,760 Speaker 1: We'll see you next time, folks. Yah. For more podcasts 681 00:41:06,760 --> 00:41:08,759 Speaker 1: from my Heart Radio, visit the I Heart Radio app, 682 00:41:08,800 --> 00:41:11,880 Speaker 1: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.