1 00:00:01,200 --> 00:00:04,160 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff you Missed in History Class from how 2 00:00:04,200 --> 00:00:13,920 Speaker 1: Stuff Works dot com. Hello, and welcome to the podcast. 3 00:00:14,040 --> 00:00:17,520 Speaker 1: I am Tray Cbe Wilson and I'm Holly Frying. Largely 4 00:00:17,600 --> 00:00:20,759 Speaker 1: thanks to the Outlander books and TV show, we have 5 00:00:20,840 --> 00:00:24,920 Speaker 1: gotten so many requests to talk about today's topic in 6 00:00:24,960 --> 00:00:28,560 Speaker 1: so many different forms. I'm not exaggerating. This goes all 7 00:00:28,600 --> 00:00:30,760 Speaker 1: the way back to when we very very first started 8 00:00:30,800 --> 00:00:35,600 Speaker 1: on the show. Bonnie Prince Charlie is number eleven on 9 00:00:35,640 --> 00:00:41,560 Speaker 1: our hundreds and hundreds of Suggestions long uh Listeners Suggestions document. 10 00:00:41,600 --> 00:00:43,800 Speaker 1: I'm not kidding when I say hundreds and hundreds. There 11 00:00:43,800 --> 00:00:45,440 Speaker 1: are at least six hundred things on there, but I 12 00:00:45,479 --> 00:00:47,680 Speaker 1: haven't updated in a while, so if I update from 13 00:00:47,680 --> 00:00:53,239 Speaker 1: what's in our email, it's probably closer to almost a thousand. Uh. 14 00:00:53,560 --> 00:00:57,080 Speaker 1: And then, in addition to Bonnie Prince Charlie being number eleven, 15 00:00:57,600 --> 00:01:01,160 Speaker 1: the Jacobite Rebellion and the Bad of Colloden are both 16 00:01:01,200 --> 00:01:03,920 Speaker 1: all on there as well, like within the top tent 17 00:01:04,880 --> 00:01:10,520 Speaker 1: of suggestions, ordered chronologically, and they just the hits just 18 00:01:10,640 --> 00:01:14,040 Speaker 1: keep coming. I had to laugh because last night Tracy 19 00:01:14,120 --> 00:01:16,280 Speaker 1: sent me the outline for this in an email, and 20 00:01:16,440 --> 00:01:19,680 Speaker 1: like seconds later an email came in asking for this 21 00:01:19,840 --> 00:01:24,679 Speaker 1: very topic. Yes, I've answered that this morning and said, coincidentally, 22 00:01:24,760 --> 00:01:27,080 Speaker 1: we're recording that today. I don't get to do that 23 00:01:27,160 --> 00:01:31,000 Speaker 1: very often. So portrayals of this piece of Scottish and 24 00:01:31,040 --> 00:01:38,200 Speaker 1: English history are often simultaneously heavily romanticized and just phenomenally oversimplified. 25 00:01:39,480 --> 00:01:41,800 Speaker 1: I thought this episode was going to be a lot 26 00:01:41,840 --> 00:01:45,360 Speaker 1: easier than it was, frankly, before I really got into 27 00:01:45,440 --> 00:01:48,760 Speaker 1: it um and a lot of times these sort of 28 00:01:49,560 --> 00:01:54,520 Speaker 1: historical fictionisque depictions play out with Highland Scotts as these 29 00:01:54,520 --> 00:01:57,240 Speaker 1: sort of noble savages and they're fighting to put a 30 00:01:57,240 --> 00:02:00,760 Speaker 1: Scott back on the throne of the of of Great Britain. 31 00:02:01,160 --> 00:02:04,480 Speaker 1: And then while the Scottish Highlands were definitely home to 32 00:02:04,560 --> 00:02:08,320 Speaker 1: a unique culture and a unique social system, and the 33 00:02:08,320 --> 00:02:12,239 Speaker 1: House of Stuart did originate as a Scottish royal house, 34 00:02:12,960 --> 00:02:15,480 Speaker 1: as is so often the case, it is just way 35 00:02:15,520 --> 00:02:18,919 Speaker 1: more complicated than that. I found a little tired because 36 00:02:18,919 --> 00:02:20,680 Speaker 1: it has taken me two and a half weeks to 37 00:02:20,760 --> 00:02:24,800 Speaker 1: understand it. And you could mark the beginning of this 38 00:02:24,919 --> 00:02:27,800 Speaker 1: story at so many places in the history of the 39 00:02:27,800 --> 00:02:31,120 Speaker 1: British Isles. We're going to start with the Glorious Revolution 40 00:02:31,240 --> 00:02:35,000 Speaker 1: of six to sixteen eighty nine, more than fifty years 41 00:02:35,040 --> 00:02:39,360 Speaker 1: before the uprising itself. At that time, King James the 42 00:02:39,400 --> 00:02:43,000 Speaker 1: seventh of Scotland and second of England lost the throne 43 00:02:43,040 --> 00:02:47,040 Speaker 1: to William of Orange, stadholder of the Netherlands. William of 44 00:02:47,040 --> 00:02:50,040 Speaker 1: Orange was both James's nephew and his son in law 45 00:02:50,120 --> 00:02:53,080 Speaker 1: thanks to his marriage to marry the second James's daughter. 46 00:02:53,919 --> 00:02:57,040 Speaker 1: James was Catholic, and some of his pro Catholic policies, 47 00:02:57,080 --> 00:03:01,079 Speaker 1: along with policies that promoted tolerance of protest dissenters, had 48 00:03:01,120 --> 00:03:06,240 Speaker 1: really alienated a lot of England's Protestant population. The birth 49 00:03:06,280 --> 00:03:10,239 Speaker 1: of James's son, James Francis Edwards Stewart, on June tenth 50 00:03:11,320 --> 00:03:13,880 Speaker 1: meant that the Catholic king would have a Catholic heir, 51 00:03:14,040 --> 00:03:16,040 Speaker 1: and this was actually such a big deal that it 52 00:03:16,120 --> 00:03:19,840 Speaker 1: spawned a whole conspiracy theory. This conspiracy theory was that 53 00:03:19,960 --> 00:03:23,280 Speaker 1: the infant James, also known as the Old Pretender, was 54 00:03:23,360 --> 00:03:26,480 Speaker 1: really an impost baby who had been sneaked into his 55 00:03:26,560 --> 00:03:29,800 Speaker 1: mother's bed to ensure that there would be a Catholic 56 00:03:29,880 --> 00:03:35,400 Speaker 1: line of succession. I don't know why impost is the 57 00:03:35,440 --> 00:03:39,840 Speaker 1: best phrase like it's just witty. After the birth of 58 00:03:39,920 --> 00:03:43,840 Speaker 1: James Edward, several Protestant politicians went to William of Orange, 59 00:03:44,000 --> 00:03:48,000 Speaker 1: also a Protestant, inviting him to come to England, bring 60 00:03:48,040 --> 00:03:52,400 Speaker 1: an army and set things right. William was enemies with France, 61 00:03:52,520 --> 00:03:55,400 Speaker 1: and French power in Europe had been growing for decades. 62 00:03:55,960 --> 00:03:57,840 Speaker 1: He thought that if he was able to draw on 63 00:03:57,920 --> 00:04:01,280 Speaker 1: the resources of both Britain and the Netherlands, he'd be 64 00:04:01,280 --> 00:04:06,840 Speaker 1: better able to resist France's advances. After a series of 65 00:04:06,920 --> 00:04:11,960 Speaker 1: desertions within James's army and failed negotiations, the Stewarts eventually 66 00:04:12,000 --> 00:04:15,200 Speaker 1: fled to France, and with James gone, William of Orange 67 00:04:15,200 --> 00:04:18,480 Speaker 1: and his wife Mary took his place. A parliament was assembled, 68 00:04:18,520 --> 00:04:21,640 Speaker 1: which ultimately agreed to treat James's flight to France as 69 00:04:21,680 --> 00:04:24,680 Speaker 1: an abdication of the throne and to formally offer the 70 00:04:24,720 --> 00:04:28,720 Speaker 1: crown to William and Mary together. This, in a nutshell, 71 00:04:28,880 --> 00:04:33,000 Speaker 1: is the Glorious Revolution. During and after all of this, 72 00:04:33,480 --> 00:04:37,200 Speaker 1: the Jacobites were James's supporters, named after the Latin form 73 00:04:37,240 --> 00:04:40,360 Speaker 1: of his name, and there were lots of reasons people 74 00:04:40,440 --> 00:04:43,880 Speaker 1: joined the Jacobite cause. In Ireland, religion was a big 75 00:04:43,920 --> 00:04:47,560 Speaker 1: factor since Catholicism was the primary religion in most of Ireland, 76 00:04:47,839 --> 00:04:51,400 Speaker 1: and the Stewarts were Catholic. In England, which didn't have 77 00:04:51,440 --> 00:04:55,719 Speaker 1: a large Catholic population, many Jacobites were Anglican, but thought 78 00:04:55,760 --> 00:04:59,840 Speaker 1: this parliamentary interference in the line of royal succession was raw. 79 00:05:00,640 --> 00:05:03,839 Speaker 1: The Royal House of Stewart itself hailed from Scotland, while 80 00:05:03,880 --> 00:05:06,560 Speaker 1: the House of Orange was Dutch, so the idea of 81 00:05:06,560 --> 00:05:09,359 Speaker 1: restoring a Scottish house to the throne was one of 82 00:05:09,520 --> 00:05:14,400 Speaker 1: many roots of Jacobite support in Scotland. The Glorious Revolution 83 00:05:14,600 --> 00:05:18,000 Speaker 1: is often described as bloodless, but this was really only 84 00:05:18,040 --> 00:05:22,240 Speaker 1: true in England. Beginning almost immediately and continuing over the 85 00:05:22,279 --> 00:05:27,120 Speaker 1: next six decades, there were multiple violent attempts made, primarily 86 00:05:27,160 --> 00:05:30,479 Speaker 1: from Scotland and Ireland, to overthrow William and Mary and 87 00:05:30,480 --> 00:05:33,760 Speaker 1: their successors and to put James and his successors back 88 00:05:33,800 --> 00:05:37,479 Speaker 1: on the throne. The william Might War in Ireland, with 89 00:05:37,520 --> 00:05:39,719 Speaker 1: the Jacobites on one side and the william Mights on 90 00:05:39,760 --> 00:05:42,440 Speaker 1: the other, began in sixteen eighty nine and went on 91 00:05:42,520 --> 00:05:46,400 Speaker 1: for two years, including the July one Battle of the 92 00:05:46,480 --> 00:05:50,400 Speaker 1: Boy And which both William and James were present as 93 00:05:51,040 --> 00:05:55,560 Speaker 1: monarchs on opposite sides. Another organized rebellion, known as the 94 00:05:55,640 --> 00:06:01,120 Speaker 1: Jacobite Rebellion of seventeen fifteen. The fifteen Rebellion or Mars Rebellion, 95 00:06:01,640 --> 00:06:05,320 Speaker 1: also played out unsuccessfully, mainly in the Highlands of Scotland. 96 00:06:05,839 --> 00:06:09,000 Speaker 1: It followed the death of Queen Anne. Anne was Mary's 97 00:06:09,000 --> 00:06:12,800 Speaker 1: sister and apart from James Edwards Stewart, was the last 98 00:06:12,800 --> 00:06:17,039 Speaker 1: of the House of Stewart living at the time, yeah 99 00:06:17,080 --> 00:06:19,479 Speaker 1: the Stewart's yet to come in the story, had not 100 00:06:19,560 --> 00:06:23,760 Speaker 1: been born yet. There had actually been some discussion over 101 00:06:23,800 --> 00:06:26,160 Speaker 1: the years of restoring the House of Stewart to the 102 00:06:26,200 --> 00:06:29,839 Speaker 1: throne under the condition that they abandoned their Catholic religion, 103 00:06:29,920 --> 00:06:33,719 Speaker 1: and that of course had not flown so. Before Anne's death, 104 00:06:33,839 --> 00:06:37,360 Speaker 1: her successor had been established in the English Parliament's Act 105 00:06:37,440 --> 00:06:41,320 Speaker 1: of Settlement in seventeen o one, which also specified that 106 00:06:41,320 --> 00:06:45,120 Speaker 1: the monarch had to be Anglican. Per the terms of 107 00:06:45,160 --> 00:06:48,000 Speaker 1: that act, the new monarch would come from the German 108 00:06:48,080 --> 00:06:51,880 Speaker 1: Royal House of Hanover. That first Hanover monarch was George 109 00:06:51,880 --> 00:06:55,680 Speaker 1: the first So the Jacobite Rebellion of seventeen fifteen tried 110 00:06:55,839 --> 00:06:59,200 Speaker 1: and failed to put James Francis Edward on the throne 111 00:06:59,240 --> 00:07:02,479 Speaker 1: in spite of criteria outlined in the Act of Settlement. 112 00:07:04,200 --> 00:07:08,520 Speaker 1: The Williamite War and the fifteen Rebellion are just two examples. 113 00:07:09,000 --> 00:07:12,040 Speaker 1: When seventeen forty five rolled around, bringing with it the 114 00:07:12,080 --> 00:07:16,280 Speaker 1: most famous Jacobite rebellion, Unsuccessful attempts to bring back the 115 00:07:16,320 --> 00:07:19,760 Speaker 1: Stewarts had been going on for decades, especially in Scotland 116 00:07:19,760 --> 00:07:22,440 Speaker 1: and Ireland. Some of these had been backed by France, 117 00:07:22,520 --> 00:07:26,480 Speaker 1: and in their wake, exiled Jacobite leaders had established communities 118 00:07:26,520 --> 00:07:30,600 Speaker 1: of sympathetic supporters on the mainland of Europe. By the 119 00:07:30,640 --> 00:07:34,320 Speaker 1: time the Jacobite Uprising of seventeen forty five occurred, the 120 00:07:34,400 --> 00:07:38,400 Speaker 1: Jacobite cause had advocated first for James the seventh and Second, 121 00:07:38,480 --> 00:07:41,200 Speaker 1: who died in seventeen oh one, and then for his 122 00:07:41,320 --> 00:07:44,320 Speaker 1: son James Edward, who was at this point still living. 123 00:07:44,960 --> 00:07:47,960 Speaker 1: A big player in the seventeen forty five uprising was 124 00:07:48,040 --> 00:07:52,880 Speaker 1: James Edwards son Charles Edwards Stewart, also known as Bonnie 125 00:07:52,960 --> 00:07:57,680 Speaker 1: Prince Charlie or the Young Pretender. We'll talk more about 126 00:07:57,680 --> 00:08:00,680 Speaker 1: Bonnie Prince Charlie and how the seventeen forty five rebellion 127 00:08:00,720 --> 00:08:12,360 Speaker 1: came about after a brief sposive break to get back 128 00:08:12,400 --> 00:08:15,280 Speaker 1: to the life of Bonnie. Prince Charlie. Charles Stewart was 129 00:08:15,360 --> 00:08:20,320 Speaker 1: born on December thirty one, seventeen twenty, just before Charles 130 00:08:20,360 --> 00:08:24,360 Speaker 1: turned twenty. Holy Roman Emperor Charles the sixth died and 131 00:08:24,400 --> 00:08:28,240 Speaker 1: this destabilized parts of Europe as his daughter Maria Terraces 132 00:08:28,360 --> 00:08:31,800 Speaker 1: struggled to retain the throne and what became known as 133 00:08:31,840 --> 00:08:37,000 Speaker 1: the War of Austrian Succession. France saw this chaos as 134 00:08:37,040 --> 00:08:40,760 Speaker 1: an opportunity to once again support the Jacobite cause and 135 00:08:40,840 --> 00:08:45,360 Speaker 1: restore the Stewart line to the throne, although following the 136 00:08:45,440 --> 00:08:48,600 Speaker 1: failure of the fifteen rebellion that we discussed before the break, 137 00:08:48,920 --> 00:08:53,040 Speaker 1: France was reluctant to actually commit any troops to this endeavor. 138 00:08:54,040 --> 00:08:56,280 Speaker 1: It was a bit of a game of international will 139 00:08:56,320 --> 00:08:59,360 Speaker 1: they or won't they over the next five years, until finally, 140 00:08:59,440 --> 00:09:02,760 Speaker 1: in late seventeen forty four, James Edward, who was now 141 00:09:02,800 --> 00:09:06,200 Speaker 1: in his fifties, sent his son Charles from Rome to 142 00:09:06,280 --> 00:09:09,640 Speaker 1: Scotland in secret with the hope of rallying support for 143 00:09:09,679 --> 00:09:13,559 Speaker 1: the Jacobite cause. Charles went by way of France with 144 00:09:13,600 --> 00:09:17,760 Speaker 1: the hope of securing direct French support, and he did 145 00:09:17,800 --> 00:09:21,400 Speaker 1: actually get it, but things did not go according to plan. 146 00:09:22,200 --> 00:09:26,880 Speaker 1: Charles's disappearance from Rome did not go unnoticed, and England 147 00:09:26,880 --> 00:09:30,600 Speaker 1: pretty quickly intuited that an invasion was imminent, so it 148 00:09:30,640 --> 00:09:33,440 Speaker 1: positioned a fleet of ships to defend itself from a 149 00:09:33,480 --> 00:09:37,160 Speaker 1: French attack. So this fleet was large enough that when 150 00:09:37,160 --> 00:09:40,040 Speaker 1: the French troop transports caught sight of it, they turned 151 00:09:40,080 --> 00:09:44,640 Speaker 1: back and went back to France, where unusually stormy weather 152 00:09:45,120 --> 00:09:49,199 Speaker 1: destroyed or damaged most of them. This meant that once 153 00:09:49,600 --> 00:09:52,839 Speaker 1: Charles did actually get to England, he was basically on 154 00:09:52,920 --> 00:09:55,880 Speaker 1: his own, without the fifteen thousand French troops that he 155 00:09:55,920 --> 00:09:58,880 Speaker 1: had been promised. He did, however, get a bit of 156 00:09:58,880 --> 00:10:02,720 Speaker 1: a boost on April elartieth, seventeen forty five, when France 157 00:10:02,720 --> 00:10:07,080 Speaker 1: defeated British, Dutch, Austrian and Hanoverian forces at the Battle 158 00:10:07,120 --> 00:10:10,840 Speaker 1: of Fontinois, part of the ongoing War of Austrian Succession. 159 00:10:11,480 --> 00:10:14,960 Speaker 1: The English defeat boosted Jacobite morale and people began to 160 00:10:15,040 --> 00:10:18,720 Speaker 1: hope that they might see a similar victory on British soil. 161 00:10:21,200 --> 00:10:24,480 Speaker 1: Hoping that this victory would bolster his support in the 162 00:10:24,559 --> 00:10:27,800 Speaker 1: Highlands of Scotland, Charles made his way there. He had 163 00:10:27,840 --> 00:10:31,160 Speaker 1: a small entourage that sailed for the western coast of Scotland, 164 00:10:31,559 --> 00:10:34,559 Speaker 1: dodging English vessels the whole way, and he arrived there 165 00:10:34,600 --> 00:10:38,960 Speaker 1: on July seventeen forty five. At this point, the Highlands 166 00:10:38,960 --> 00:10:42,280 Speaker 1: of Scotland were home to tight knit clans which rolled family, 167 00:10:42,520 --> 00:10:47,280 Speaker 1: civic government, and economic ties all into one unit. The 168 00:10:47,320 --> 00:10:50,160 Speaker 1: clan system had been in place for centuries and it 169 00:10:50,240 --> 00:10:52,960 Speaker 1: was a sort of semi feudal system that both drew 170 00:10:53,040 --> 00:10:58,599 Speaker 1: from an influenced family relationships communities, and the region's economy. 171 00:10:58,800 --> 00:11:02,600 Speaker 1: Members of each clan of together in communities that operated 172 00:11:02,640 --> 00:11:07,280 Speaker 1: like joint tenancy farms the clanses and was also quite militaristic, 173 00:11:07,360 --> 00:11:10,400 Speaker 1: with each clan maintaining a fighting force to both defend 174 00:11:10,400 --> 00:11:13,560 Speaker 1: itself from neighboring clans and to rate its neighbors for 175 00:11:13,679 --> 00:11:19,360 Speaker 1: goods and resources. So to rally a fighting force in 176 00:11:19,400 --> 00:11:22,960 Speaker 1: the Highlands of Scotland, Charles had to convince clan leaders 177 00:11:23,000 --> 00:11:25,600 Speaker 1: to join him, and where they went, their clans and 178 00:11:25,640 --> 00:11:29,400 Speaker 1: their clans fighting forces would also follow. And this at 179 00:11:29,400 --> 00:11:32,640 Speaker 1: first he really faced huge resistance. The clan leaders that 180 00:11:32,679 --> 00:11:35,480 Speaker 1: he met with were all unwilling to support him unless 181 00:11:35,520 --> 00:11:38,319 Speaker 1: he could provide actual troops to back him up. They 182 00:11:38,360 --> 00:11:41,600 Speaker 1: all remembered pretty well what had happened the last time 183 00:11:42,120 --> 00:11:45,719 Speaker 1: the Jacobites had tried to rebel, and he couldn't at 184 00:11:45,760 --> 00:11:49,880 Speaker 1: that point and offer them any actual troops support. He 185 00:11:50,000 --> 00:11:53,040 Speaker 1: also couldn't try to just go back to Rome, because 186 00:11:53,040 --> 00:11:57,160 Speaker 1: there were English warships at every route of escape keeping 187 00:11:57,240 --> 00:12:00,880 Speaker 1: him from doing that exact thing. So, with the odds 188 00:12:00,920 --> 00:12:03,600 Speaker 1: heavily stacked against him, he started trying to win the 189 00:12:03,640 --> 00:12:07,520 Speaker 1: support of Donald Cameron of Lochielle, chief of Clan Cameron. 190 00:12:08,320 --> 00:12:11,760 Speaker 1: Several other clans sympathetic to the Jacobite cause, had said 191 00:12:11,800 --> 00:12:15,800 Speaker 1: they would join if Lochiale did. Charles's argument was that 192 00:12:15,840 --> 00:12:18,280 Speaker 1: while he did not have the aid of foreign troops, 193 00:12:18,720 --> 00:12:22,240 Speaker 1: nearly the entire British military was occupied elsewhere due to 194 00:12:22,240 --> 00:12:25,680 Speaker 1: the War of Austrian Succession, so if the clans rallied 195 00:12:25,679 --> 00:12:28,640 Speaker 1: their forces at this point, they would have superior numbers, 196 00:12:29,280 --> 00:12:31,720 Speaker 1: and once France saw what the Jacobites could do with 197 00:12:31,800 --> 00:12:36,840 Speaker 1: those numbers, France would also send aid. Lachielle ultimately agreed, 198 00:12:37,000 --> 00:12:39,960 Speaker 1: and as they said they would, other clans began to 199 00:12:40,000 --> 00:12:43,679 Speaker 1: commit their troops. This is where I realized how much 200 00:12:43,720 --> 00:12:47,920 Speaker 1: of This had literally nothing to do with who was 201 00:12:48,040 --> 00:12:52,840 Speaker 1: on the throne of Great Britain. The whole lot of 202 00:12:52,880 --> 00:12:55,680 Speaker 1: it was like, well, we gotta, we gotta take advantage 203 00:12:55,720 --> 00:12:58,520 Speaker 1: of the War of Austrian succession. Like France had its 204 00:12:58,520 --> 00:13:01,040 Speaker 1: own motives, everybody, there were a whole lot going on 205 00:13:01,160 --> 00:13:05,160 Speaker 1: here that had other motivations besides the straight up question 206 00:13:05,200 --> 00:13:09,560 Speaker 1: of who was on the throne. Uh Because Bonnie Prince 207 00:13:09,679 --> 00:13:12,840 Speaker 1: Charlie knew that part of his appeal in Scotland was 208 00:13:12,880 --> 00:13:15,800 Speaker 1: the idea of restoring a Scottish house to the throne, 209 00:13:15,880 --> 00:13:20,160 Speaker 1: he started adopting traditional Highland dress, Saint Tartan and Kilts, 210 00:13:20,160 --> 00:13:24,000 Speaker 1: and learning Scott's Gaelic. By mid August, more than twelve 211 00:13:24,080 --> 00:13:27,240 Speaker 1: hundred Highland Scotts had joined the cause, including two hundred 212 00:13:27,240 --> 00:13:30,280 Speaker 1: and eighty from the Stewards of Appen, three hundred from 213 00:13:30,280 --> 00:13:33,040 Speaker 1: the McDonald's of Clan Ronald or Clan Ranald, we were 214 00:13:33,040 --> 00:13:36,760 Speaker 1: not certain on pronunciation there, two hundred and fifty from 215 00:13:36,800 --> 00:13:40,120 Speaker 1: Clan Cameron, and four hundred from a combined force of 216 00:13:40,160 --> 00:13:44,800 Speaker 1: the McDonald's of glen Garry and the Grants of Glenn Morriston. Meanwhile, 217 00:13:44,920 --> 00:13:48,440 Speaker 1: news of Charles's arrival and his muster of clan forces 218 00:13:48,440 --> 00:13:51,800 Speaker 1: in the highlands of scott Scotland reached Edinburgh and Sir 219 00:13:51,880 --> 00:13:54,920 Speaker 1: John Cope, Commander in chief of the regular Forces in Scotland, 220 00:13:55,000 --> 00:13:58,880 Speaker 1: started assembling a response. Although Bonnie Prince Charlie had found 221 00:13:58,960 --> 00:14:02,679 Speaker 1: support in the Highlands, the support was actually far from universal. 222 00:14:03,280 --> 00:14:06,400 Speaker 1: The leadership of Clan Campbell in particular was loyal to 223 00:14:06,440 --> 00:14:10,320 Speaker 1: George the Second, and consequently the clan supported the king 224 00:14:10,320 --> 00:14:12,520 Speaker 1: as well, whether it was out of loyalty to the 225 00:14:12,520 --> 00:14:16,079 Speaker 1: monarch or to the clan itself. There's also some argument 226 00:14:16,160 --> 00:14:19,040 Speaker 1: to be made that some of Clan Campbell's loyalties were 227 00:14:19,160 --> 00:14:22,440 Speaker 1: influenced by seeing this as an opportunity to get back 228 00:14:22,520 --> 00:14:27,000 Speaker 1: at other clans they had grievances with, including Clan Cameron. 229 00:14:27,280 --> 00:14:33,320 Speaker 1: So the support on the government side, which how we're 230 00:14:33,360 --> 00:14:36,000 Speaker 1: going to refer to that uh, that force that sometimes 231 00:14:36,040 --> 00:14:38,800 Speaker 1: was made up of, you know, not only people from 232 00:14:38,840 --> 00:14:42,600 Speaker 1: the lowlands of Scotland, which didn't have quite as much 233 00:14:42,640 --> 00:14:45,600 Speaker 1: emotional ties to what was going on UH and clan 234 00:14:45,760 --> 00:14:52,200 Speaker 1: forces that were supportive of the current reigning monarch. Through 235 00:14:52,280 --> 00:14:56,200 Speaker 1: the summer and early fall, the Jacobite and governmental forces 236 00:14:56,240 --> 00:15:01,000 Speaker 1: followed one another around a huge swath of the Scottish Highland. First, 237 00:15:01,040 --> 00:15:04,880 Speaker 1: the Jacobite force fortified itself at cori Eric Pass with 238 00:15:04,960 --> 00:15:08,160 Speaker 1: the hope of meeting the Loyalist force there, but Cope, 239 00:15:08,200 --> 00:15:11,920 Speaker 1: having received intelligence of what Charles was planning, diverted his 240 00:15:12,000 --> 00:15:15,240 Speaker 1: forces to Inverness, hoping to meet the Jacobites on more 241 00:15:15,280 --> 00:15:19,400 Speaker 1: favorable ground. This plan might have given Cope the upper 242 00:15:19,400 --> 00:15:22,400 Speaker 1: hand if the Jacobite force had actually pursued him to 243 00:15:22,440 --> 00:15:25,760 Speaker 1: Inverness and Stead. Charles decided to take advantage of the 244 00:15:25,760 --> 00:15:30,000 Speaker 1: fact that the Scottish capital of Edinburgh was now virtually undefended, 245 00:15:30,160 --> 00:15:33,320 Speaker 1: and he decided to take over it, continuing to recruit 246 00:15:33,320 --> 00:15:36,600 Speaker 1: more troops and raised funds through taxation along the way. 247 00:15:36,720 --> 00:15:39,920 Speaker 1: That Jacobites also occupied the city of Perth as they 248 00:15:39,960 --> 00:15:45,000 Speaker 1: made their way to Edinburgh. As Cope realized his error 249 00:15:45,040 --> 00:15:48,840 Speaker 1: in leaving Edinburgh undefended, he retreated back to it by sea, 250 00:15:49,320 --> 00:15:53,560 Speaker 1: hoping that he would arrive before Charles did, and he 251 00:15:53,680 --> 00:15:57,320 Speaker 1: did not. Edinburgh was defended by the City Guard only 252 00:15:58,040 --> 00:16:00,480 Speaker 1: uh and that meant only about six d troops, who 253 00:16:00,480 --> 00:16:03,560 Speaker 1: were commanded by an eighties seven year old man who 254 00:16:03,560 --> 00:16:06,040 Speaker 1: had to be carried on a stretcher, this is not 255 00:16:06,120 --> 00:16:10,000 Speaker 1: exactly a vital military force. After a couple of days 256 00:16:10,000 --> 00:16:13,320 Speaker 1: of negotiations with the city attempting to look much more 257 00:16:13,400 --> 00:16:16,120 Speaker 1: defended than it really was, a few hundred of the 258 00:16:16,200 --> 00:16:19,920 Speaker 1: Jacobite force basically forced their way in as a negotiator 259 00:16:20,080 --> 00:16:23,560 Speaker 1: tried to return to the city on September seventeenth, so 260 00:16:23,600 --> 00:16:27,200 Speaker 1: the Jacobites took control of Scotland's capital, with the exception 261 00:16:27,240 --> 00:16:30,760 Speaker 1: of Edinburgh Castle, with almost no effort at all, although 262 00:16:30,800 --> 00:16:33,640 Speaker 1: the troops in the castle would pester the Jacobite force 263 00:16:34,000 --> 00:16:37,440 Speaker 1: for the whole time that they occupied the city. While 264 00:16:37,560 --> 00:16:40,880 Speaker 1: Charles's force was able to rally a little more support 265 00:16:40,920 --> 00:16:44,520 Speaker 1: from Edinburgh, giving him about two thousand, four hundred men total, 266 00:16:44,600 --> 00:16:48,360 Speaker 1: he still wasn't armed very well. Although they basically walked 267 00:16:48,360 --> 00:16:52,200 Speaker 1: into an essentially undefended Edinburgh, the city of Edinburgh had 268 00:16:52,200 --> 00:16:54,320 Speaker 1: had the sense to store all of their weapons in 269 00:16:54,400 --> 00:16:57,920 Speaker 1: the castle, which the Jacobite force couldn't get into. So 270 00:16:58,120 --> 00:17:02,000 Speaker 1: when Charles heard that Cope headed towards the village of Preston, 271 00:17:02,480 --> 00:17:04,879 Speaker 1: he decided to follow suit with an army that was 272 00:17:05,040 --> 00:17:08,760 Speaker 1: bigger than it had been before, but not necessarily better 273 00:17:08,920 --> 00:17:13,160 Speaker 1: armed than what the Loyalists or the governmental side had. 274 00:17:13,720 --> 00:17:17,639 Speaker 1: In late September, both forces converged on the village of 275 00:17:17,720 --> 00:17:21,800 Speaker 1: Preston Penns. Cope's force found a defensible position near the 276 00:17:21,800 --> 00:17:25,600 Speaker 1: neighboring village of Trenent. At first, the Jacobite force took 277 00:17:25,600 --> 00:17:28,159 Speaker 1: the high ground to the south and then realized a 278 00:17:28,280 --> 00:17:30,640 Speaker 1: marsh at the bottom of the hill would keep them 279 00:17:30,640 --> 00:17:34,560 Speaker 1: from actually reaching the governmental army. Cope, of course, had 280 00:17:34,560 --> 00:17:37,400 Speaker 1: not expected an attack from across a marsh and had 281 00:17:37,440 --> 00:17:40,920 Speaker 1: to redeploy his forces to face the ill placed Jacobite 282 00:17:41,040 --> 00:17:45,439 Speaker 1: army early in the morning of September one, Partially hidden 283 00:17:45,480 --> 00:17:48,760 Speaker 1: by very misty weather, The Jacobite army used a small 284 00:17:48,760 --> 00:17:51,160 Speaker 1: footpath that one of the locals had told them about 285 00:17:51,200 --> 00:17:55,400 Speaker 1: to reach Cope's force. The Highland force charged the Loyalist army, 286 00:17:55,440 --> 00:17:58,280 Speaker 1: which was basically hemmed in without enough room to really 287 00:17:58,320 --> 00:18:03,520 Speaker 1: maneuver maneuver. The governmental force was also pretty much taken 288 00:18:03,520 --> 00:18:05,520 Speaker 1: by surprise. They had been alerted to the fact that 289 00:18:05,560 --> 00:18:07,719 Speaker 1: something was going on by a barking dog, but that 290 00:18:07,800 --> 00:18:11,880 Speaker 1: really added more to the chaos than actually allowing them 291 00:18:11,920 --> 00:18:15,680 Speaker 1: to plan a response. In less than ten minutes, Cope's 292 00:18:15,760 --> 00:18:19,359 Speaker 1: army was effectively routed. There were about thirty five deaths 293 00:18:19,359 --> 00:18:23,080 Speaker 1: and seventy five injuries among the Jacobite force, while Cope 294 00:18:23,119 --> 00:18:25,439 Speaker 1: sides saw about a hundred and fifty deaths and at 295 00:18:25,480 --> 00:18:29,920 Speaker 1: least one thousand taken Prisoner Bonnie. Prince Charlie also took 296 00:18:30,000 --> 00:18:33,840 Speaker 1: Cope's military chest, which contained between three thousand and four 297 00:18:33,880 --> 00:18:39,200 Speaker 1: thousand pounds. This whole incident was recently on an episode 298 00:18:39,200 --> 00:18:42,879 Speaker 1: of Outlander. Jerry more or less pretty much what we 299 00:18:43,000 --> 00:18:47,719 Speaker 1: just described here actually, uh, and probably other things we're 300 00:18:47,760 --> 00:18:49,119 Speaker 1: going to talk about soon are going to be in 301 00:18:49,160 --> 00:18:51,680 Speaker 1: future episodes of Outlander that will have actually come out 302 00:18:51,720 --> 00:18:53,520 Speaker 1: by the time this episode comes out, So that's a 303 00:18:53,560 --> 00:18:58,520 Speaker 1: weird time travel for everyone. Anyway, Afterward, the Jacobite force 304 00:18:58,600 --> 00:19:02,400 Speaker 1: was exuberant. Only had they outrun and outmaneuvered the British Army, 305 00:19:02,480 --> 00:19:06,000 Speaker 1: taken Perth and taken Edinburgh and then soundly defeated the 306 00:19:06,080 --> 00:19:09,320 Speaker 1: army on the battlefield, they also have the size of 307 00:19:09,359 --> 00:19:12,040 Speaker 1: the opposing force, and then they had come away with 308 00:19:12,200 --> 00:19:15,600 Speaker 1: much better funding thanks to the governmental war chest that 309 00:19:15,680 --> 00:19:20,280 Speaker 1: they made away with. But this, however, was not to last. 310 00:19:20,520 --> 00:19:23,040 Speaker 1: So we're going to talk more about how things progressed 311 00:19:23,160 --> 00:19:25,159 Speaker 1: after we pause for a brief word from one of 312 00:19:25,160 --> 00:19:40,240 Speaker 1: our fantastic sponsors. Unsurprisingly, after the Battle of Preston Pans, 313 00:19:40,359 --> 00:19:44,760 Speaker 1: the Jacobites were a little bit overconfident. They had hoped 314 00:19:44,800 --> 00:19:47,679 Speaker 1: that the victory would rally foreign support to their cause, 315 00:19:47,920 --> 00:19:53,200 Speaker 1: and the victory had been decisive. So for about six weeks, 316 00:19:53,240 --> 00:19:56,680 Speaker 1: the Jacobites continued to occupy Edinburgh and tried to get 317 00:19:56,680 --> 00:20:01,040 Speaker 1: Louis Fift to send real actual support from France. They 318 00:20:01,080 --> 00:20:03,840 Speaker 1: also tried to recruit more Scots to their army, which 319 00:20:03,880 --> 00:20:07,400 Speaker 1: they did, although most of this support came from outside, 320 00:20:07,520 --> 00:20:11,080 Speaker 1: not within Edinburgh. The population of Edinburgh was kind of like, 321 00:20:11,119 --> 00:20:14,720 Speaker 1: we'll let you be here because you have weapons that 322 00:20:14,840 --> 00:20:19,840 Speaker 1: we don't really care to join your cause. Eventually, France, 323 00:20:19,880 --> 00:20:25,520 Speaker 1: while still declining to send actual troops, did send some weapons. Meanwhile, 324 00:20:25,760 --> 00:20:29,360 Speaker 1: England got to work recovering from the defeat at Preston Pans, 325 00:20:29,600 --> 00:20:33,640 Speaker 1: including pressing people into service and recalling forces that had 326 00:20:33,640 --> 00:20:37,600 Speaker 1: been fighting elsewhere in Europe. Field Marshal George Wade, who 327 00:20:37,640 --> 00:20:40,439 Speaker 1: was actually responsible for the construction for most of the 328 00:20:40,440 --> 00:20:43,920 Speaker 1: military roads the armies were traveling on, was in command 329 00:20:43,960 --> 00:20:47,959 Speaker 1: of one Force. William Duke of Cumberland, George the second 330 00:20:48,119 --> 00:20:53,800 Speaker 1: third son, was recalled from Holland to command another Hearing 331 00:20:53,800 --> 00:20:57,280 Speaker 1: about these forces, Charles started pushing to move his army 332 00:20:57,400 --> 00:21:00,640 Speaker 1: and try to strike before the governmental forces too big 333 00:21:00,720 --> 00:21:04,840 Speaker 1: to be beaten. His advisers, though, kept cautioning him to wait. 334 00:21:05,040 --> 00:21:07,120 Speaker 1: They didn't think they were going to be successful at 335 00:21:07,160 --> 00:21:10,480 Speaker 1: that point, and he finally wound up dividing his force 336 00:21:10,840 --> 00:21:15,240 Speaker 1: into two columns to proceed toward Carlisle in England. Basically, 337 00:21:15,280 --> 00:21:17,480 Speaker 1: the idea was they were going to keep pressing forward 338 00:21:17,520 --> 00:21:21,080 Speaker 1: until they actually got to London. Charles now had five 339 00:21:21,119 --> 00:21:26,000 Speaker 1: thousand infantry and five cavalry, and he was much better armed, rested, 340 00:21:26,040 --> 00:21:30,000 Speaker 1: and trained than before this several weeks stay in Edinburgh. 341 00:21:30,119 --> 00:21:33,639 Speaker 1: While this is often portrayed as Charles commanding an army 342 00:21:33,760 --> 00:21:37,160 Speaker 1: of Highland Scott's, by this point the army was really 343 00:21:37,240 --> 00:21:41,119 Speaker 1: much broader than that. There were thirteen Highland clan regiments 344 00:21:41,200 --> 00:21:45,720 Speaker 1: plus five Lowland regiments. They also had thirteen pieces of artillery, 345 00:21:45,960 --> 00:21:49,040 Speaker 1: some sent from France and some recovered from the field 346 00:21:49,080 --> 00:21:53,879 Speaker 1: at Preston Pans, although they did have some desertions along 347 00:21:53,920 --> 00:21:55,960 Speaker 1: the way because at this point the army was getting 348 00:21:56,000 --> 00:21:59,159 Speaker 1: farther and farther away from home. Both prongs of the 349 00:21:59,240 --> 00:22:03,879 Speaker 1: Jacobite fur did reach Carlisles successfully and convinced the mayor 350 00:22:03,960 --> 00:22:07,240 Speaker 1: to surrender both the town and the castle, this time 351 00:22:07,280 --> 00:22:10,040 Speaker 1: having learned from having not had the castle when they 352 00:22:10,040 --> 00:22:14,280 Speaker 1: were in Edinburgh the Jacobites. The Jacobites availed themselves in 353 00:22:14,359 --> 00:22:17,639 Speaker 1: the town supply of gunpowder, ammunition, and muskets, along with 354 00:22:17,720 --> 00:22:21,200 Speaker 1: a large number of broadswords that had been confiscated from 355 00:22:21,280 --> 00:22:24,840 Speaker 1: Jacobite rebels during the fifteen rebellions. Those were still hanging 356 00:22:24,840 --> 00:22:29,280 Speaker 1: around from the last big Jacobite uprising, and this is 357 00:22:29,359 --> 00:22:32,080 Speaker 1: where things started to go a little arrive for the 358 00:22:32,160 --> 00:22:36,080 Speaker 1: Jacobite army. They couldn't stay in Carlisle. If they did, 359 00:22:36,160 --> 00:22:39,600 Speaker 1: the government force might pen them in, and Charles said 360 00:22:39,600 --> 00:22:42,840 Speaker 1: that he had intelligence of more Jacobite support at other 361 00:22:42,920 --> 00:22:46,399 Speaker 1: towns in the area. So they left Carlisle, intending to 362 00:22:46,520 --> 00:22:51,760 Speaker 1: gather that support as they went. Support didn't really come, though. 363 00:22:52,320 --> 00:22:55,119 Speaker 1: The towns they were passing through didn't really care, at 364 00:22:55,200 --> 00:22:58,439 Speaker 1: leastn't care enough to join them. It became clear that 365 00:22:58,480 --> 00:23:01,359 Speaker 1: there really wasn't a lot of Jacobite support to be 366 00:23:01,520 --> 00:23:05,080 Speaker 1: rallied in northern England, or at least not enough support 367 00:23:05,119 --> 00:23:09,360 Speaker 1: to justify the risks of staying in England. Eventually, Charles's 368 00:23:09,440 --> 00:23:12,639 Speaker 1: Council of War convinced him that retreating back to Scotland 369 00:23:12,760 --> 00:23:16,680 Speaker 1: was his only option, and that retreat began on December six, 370 00:23:18,760 --> 00:23:21,040 Speaker 1: and by this point the Jacobite army was starting to 371 00:23:21,040 --> 00:23:24,439 Speaker 1: show signs of strain. Quite a bit of equipment was 372 00:23:24,520 --> 00:23:27,520 Speaker 1: left behind in Derby, where the army had been billeted, 373 00:23:28,200 --> 00:23:30,520 Speaker 1: and many of them hadn't been told they were going 374 00:23:30,560 --> 00:23:33,080 Speaker 1: to Scotland, and they were furious when they learned they 375 00:23:33,119 --> 00:23:35,800 Speaker 1: were not actually in pursuit of the Duke of Cumberland 376 00:23:36,160 --> 00:23:40,680 Speaker 1: and then pressing on to London. As their journey progressed 377 00:23:40,720 --> 00:23:43,560 Speaker 1: back northward, the towns they passed through went from being 378 00:23:43,640 --> 00:23:47,800 Speaker 1: unimpressed by their efforts to actively hostile more than once. 379 00:23:47,880 --> 00:23:50,959 Speaker 1: As the Jacobite forest moved north in early December, the 380 00:23:51,000 --> 00:23:54,520 Speaker 1: towns they approached actually fired upon them. They wound up 381 00:23:54,520 --> 00:23:57,840 Speaker 1: reaching Scotland after a treacherous crossing of the River Esk 382 00:23:57,960 --> 00:24:04,840 Speaker 1: on December twentie. On January seventeenth, seventeen forty six, Jacobite 383 00:24:04,880 --> 00:24:08,000 Speaker 1: and governmental forces met at the Battle of Falkirk, an 384 00:24:08,000 --> 00:24:12,440 Speaker 1: overall chaotic and disorganized event in which both sides claimed 385 00:24:12,480 --> 00:24:16,240 Speaker 1: to be the victors. Neither built upon the supposed victory, 386 00:24:16,320 --> 00:24:20,879 Speaker 1: though the Jacobite force continued to retreat toward Inverness and 387 00:24:20,960 --> 00:24:24,439 Speaker 1: the Hanoverian force, heavily slowed down by their supply carts 388 00:24:24,440 --> 00:24:27,639 Speaker 1: and other equipment, decided to wait out the winter until 389 00:24:27,680 --> 00:24:32,080 Speaker 1: travel conditions were better. So the winter passed without a 390 00:24:32,160 --> 00:24:35,080 Speaker 1: lot of organized action on either side, but the winter 391 00:24:35,200 --> 00:24:38,800 Speaker 1: itself was really hard. The Jacobite force lost a lot 392 00:24:38,840 --> 00:24:42,080 Speaker 1: of men through desertions, and after the winter their supplies 393 00:24:42,119 --> 00:24:45,760 Speaker 1: were critically low. That also run out of money, and 394 00:24:45,800 --> 00:24:48,160 Speaker 1: even if they had had money, the British Navy had 395 00:24:48,200 --> 00:24:50,720 Speaker 1: formed a blockade to keep them from eight being able 396 00:24:50,760 --> 00:24:54,240 Speaker 1: to re supply, so when it came to the final 397 00:24:54,280 --> 00:24:58,000 Speaker 1: battle on Colloden More, just a little ways away from 398 00:24:58,040 --> 00:25:02,000 Speaker 1: Inverness in April of seventeen forty six, the Jacobite force 399 00:25:02,080 --> 00:25:05,080 Speaker 1: was down from a peak of about eight thousand men 400 00:25:05,080 --> 00:25:07,760 Speaker 1: to less than five thousand infantry and a hundred and 401 00:25:07,760 --> 00:25:11,240 Speaker 1: fifty cavalry. Cumberland's army, on the other hand, had more 402 00:25:11,240 --> 00:25:14,720 Speaker 1: than nine thousand, some of whom were Highlanders that were 403 00:25:14,720 --> 00:25:19,480 Speaker 1: loyal to the Hanoverian succession. Cumberland's force was better trained 404 00:25:19,560 --> 00:25:22,919 Speaker 1: and better armed than the Jacobites. It's artillery volleys are 405 00:25:22,920 --> 00:25:26,000 Speaker 1: more effective. While many of the Jacobite force were armed 406 00:25:26,040 --> 00:25:28,399 Speaker 1: with swords and shields and charged in for hand to 407 00:25:28,400 --> 00:25:32,239 Speaker 1: hand combat, Cumberland's force nearly all had muskets and were 408 00:25:32,280 --> 00:25:35,440 Speaker 1: able to shoot them down. One portion of the Jacobite 409 00:25:35,440 --> 00:25:38,680 Speaker 1: force actually got bogged down in marshy ground and never 410 00:25:38,760 --> 00:25:43,240 Speaker 1: even reached Cumberland's lines before being killed. The Battle of 411 00:25:43,320 --> 00:25:47,320 Speaker 1: Colloden was over in just forty minutes. About two thousand 412 00:25:47,440 --> 00:25:51,679 Speaker 1: Jacobites were killed, wounded or taken prisoner. Cumberland, on the 413 00:25:51,680 --> 00:25:54,439 Speaker 1: other hand, had only about fifty dead and two hundred 414 00:25:54,440 --> 00:25:57,919 Speaker 1: and fifty wounded. Nearly all of the Jacobite deaths were 415 00:25:58,000 --> 00:26:00,840 Speaker 1: Highland Scots, as the Lowland read aments had been in 416 00:26:00,880 --> 00:26:05,359 Speaker 1: a second line to cover the retreat, while some of 417 00:26:05,400 --> 00:26:08,359 Speaker 1: the Jacobite force were ready to press on and find 418 00:26:08,440 --> 00:26:11,800 Speaker 1: some way to recover from their defeat at Colloden, Bonnie 419 00:26:11,840 --> 00:26:15,359 Speaker 1: Prince Charlie issued his final order as quote, let every 420 00:26:15,400 --> 00:26:18,800 Speaker 1: man seek his own safety as best he can. He 421 00:26:18,880 --> 00:26:23,000 Speaker 1: ultimately fled, went into hiding and escaped Scotland disguised as 422 00:26:23,000 --> 00:26:26,240 Speaker 1: a maid servant to a woman named Flora McDonald. The 423 00:26:26,320 --> 00:26:29,919 Speaker 1: consequences of the Jacobite uprising of seventeen forty five on 424 00:26:29,960 --> 00:26:34,720 Speaker 1: the Highlands of Scotland were devastating. Cumberland moved through the 425 00:26:34,760 --> 00:26:38,600 Speaker 1: area for several weeks on a campaign of destruction and retribution. 426 00:26:39,400 --> 00:26:43,960 Speaker 1: His force destroyed buildings, including Catholic and Episcopalian churches, as 427 00:26:44,000 --> 00:26:47,719 Speaker 1: well as homes and public buildings. He drove off cattle 428 00:26:48,080 --> 00:26:52,400 Speaker 1: and destroyed plows belonging to known or suspected Jacobite leaders. 429 00:26:54,359 --> 00:26:57,280 Speaker 1: The Highland Scots were ordered to surrender their arms, and 430 00:26:57,400 --> 00:27:01,360 Speaker 1: fugitives fleeing from Cumberland's force headed farther into the Highlands, 431 00:27:01,359 --> 00:27:04,879 Speaker 1: where many of them died of starvation. There were also 432 00:27:05,000 --> 00:27:09,720 Speaker 1: wanton and random shootings, as well as rapes. Jacobite leaders, 433 00:27:09,840 --> 00:27:14,800 Speaker 1: sympathizers and suspected sympathizers were hanged, and several peers known 434 00:27:14,840 --> 00:27:18,400 Speaker 1: to have Jacobite leanings were beheaded. The people who were 435 00:27:18,440 --> 00:27:21,480 Speaker 1: tried were sentenced to death, but their sentences were commuted 436 00:27:21,520 --> 00:27:26,879 Speaker 1: to lifetime indentured labor and being transported elsewhere and many 437 00:27:26,880 --> 00:27:29,159 Speaker 1: of the elements of Highland life that had made the 438 00:27:29,160 --> 00:27:33,280 Speaker 1: region's culture so distinctive were outlawed, including the wearing of 439 00:27:33,320 --> 00:27:37,959 Speaker 1: tartan and traditional Highland dress. The Highland Clearances followed, in 440 00:27:37,960 --> 00:27:42,160 Speaker 1: which whole extended families were systematically evicted over the course 441 00:27:42,160 --> 00:27:45,919 Speaker 1: of a century. The clan system couldn't survive in the 442 00:27:45,920 --> 00:27:48,879 Speaker 1: face of all of this destruction and displacement, and it 443 00:27:48,920 --> 00:27:53,240 Speaker 1: was effectively wiped out. Yeah, while the clans themselves as 444 00:27:53,320 --> 00:27:56,919 Speaker 1: families and family names and and you know, family trees 445 00:27:57,000 --> 00:28:01,560 Speaker 1: still exist, that system of government and economics doesn't exist 446 00:28:01,560 --> 00:28:04,720 Speaker 1: anymore and was wiped out basically immediately. This is one 447 00:28:04,720 --> 00:28:09,520 Speaker 1: of the reasons why the whole, the whole Uprising uh 448 00:28:09,560 --> 00:28:13,720 Speaker 1: In in modern retellings is often treated in such a 449 00:28:13,840 --> 00:28:17,400 Speaker 1: romanticized way because of this idea that there was a 450 00:28:17,520 --> 00:28:24,439 Speaker 1: unique local culture that was effectively wiped out in retaliation. Afterward, Bonnie, 451 00:28:24,520 --> 00:28:28,840 Speaker 1: Prince Charlie went into exile on September set six, and 452 00:28:28,880 --> 00:28:33,040 Speaker 1: he never returned to Scotland. He died in Sight, having 453 00:28:33,080 --> 00:28:37,520 Speaker 1: become quite bitter and having developed problems with alcohol. And 454 00:28:37,560 --> 00:28:40,360 Speaker 1: although he had a brother, that brother died without an heir, 455 00:28:40,600 --> 00:28:43,200 Speaker 1: and that put an end to the House of Stuart. 456 00:28:44,160 --> 00:28:50,560 Speaker 1: That's kind of a down ending, but everybody wanted it. Ever, 457 00:28:50,720 --> 00:28:52,960 Speaker 1: so many people want it, and if you watch Outlander, 458 00:28:53,440 --> 00:28:56,440 Speaker 1: this episode is coming out like towards the end of 459 00:28:56,440 --> 00:28:59,520 Speaker 1: this season of Outlander, and the season of Outlanders really 460 00:28:59,520 --> 00:29:03,400 Speaker 1: got a lot of this part of history as kind 461 00:29:03,400 --> 00:29:07,560 Speaker 1: of a backdrop and definitely has the the running theme 462 00:29:07,800 --> 00:29:11,240 Speaker 1: of the Highland culture is going to be destroyed if 463 00:29:11,280 --> 00:29:14,280 Speaker 1: the Battle of Collodon doesn't go our way like that's 464 00:29:14,320 --> 00:29:21,240 Speaker 1: that's said and almost those exact words more than one time. Um. 465 00:29:21,360 --> 00:29:25,160 Speaker 1: The there is some arguments that we made the at 466 00:29:25,200 --> 00:29:27,760 Speaker 1: least some people in the Highlands of Scotland who were 467 00:29:27,840 --> 00:29:31,160 Speaker 1: in favor of a Stewart restoration to the throne. We're 468 00:29:31,200 --> 00:29:35,560 Speaker 1: hoping to preserve the clan system of life, not so 469 00:29:35,640 --> 00:29:38,920 Speaker 1: much just clans as families and relationships, but like the 470 00:29:39,000 --> 00:29:43,400 Speaker 1: clan system um as a social and economic system. They 471 00:29:43,400 --> 00:29:46,760 Speaker 1: were hoping that a Stewart restoration would preserve that for 472 00:29:46,800 --> 00:29:49,440 Speaker 1: a little while because at this point the Lowlands of 473 00:29:49,480 --> 00:29:53,280 Speaker 1: Scotland had become much more urban and much more similar 474 00:29:53,320 --> 00:29:57,400 Speaker 1: to how things operated socially and economically in England um 475 00:29:57,520 --> 00:30:03,160 Speaker 1: and and a lot of the clans were really reluctant 476 00:30:03,160 --> 00:30:06,680 Speaker 1: to see that sort of change starting to already happen 477 00:30:06,720 --> 00:30:10,800 Speaker 1: in the Highlands before the Jacobite rebellions Begans. They were 478 00:30:10,800 --> 00:30:15,120 Speaker 1: sort of hoping to stave off that change a little longer, uh, 479 00:30:15,280 --> 00:30:19,960 Speaker 1: none of which was unfortunately successful. And now, with our 480 00:30:20,000 --> 00:30:23,480 Speaker 1: many listener requests for the Jacobites satisfied, do you want 481 00:30:23,480 --> 00:30:27,040 Speaker 1: to move on to listener mail? I have a quick 482 00:30:27,120 --> 00:30:30,080 Speaker 1: correction before we get into our actual listener mail. It's 483 00:30:30,080 --> 00:30:32,440 Speaker 1: more of a clarification than a correction, and it is 484 00:30:32,520 --> 00:30:35,760 Speaker 1: from Ivan. Uh and I haven't written after our Harriet 485 00:30:35,800 --> 00:30:40,240 Speaker 1: Subban episode about how we referred to Harriet Tubbans grandmother 486 00:30:40,280 --> 00:30:45,280 Speaker 1: as being part of the Ashanti tribe. And Ivan says, uh, 487 00:30:45,320 --> 00:30:48,600 Speaker 1: it's kind it's obviously outside the scope of the episode, 488 00:30:48,640 --> 00:30:50,880 Speaker 1: but part of the Ashanti tribe and leaving it at 489 00:30:50,880 --> 00:30:53,520 Speaker 1: that kind of came off to me as eracing the 490 00:30:53,560 --> 00:30:56,680 Speaker 1: fact that the Ashanti were a giant, metropolitan empire and 491 00:30:56,720 --> 00:30:58,880 Speaker 1: not like a bunch of people living in the jungle somewhere. 492 00:30:59,480 --> 00:31:04,400 Speaker 1: Um And yes, kingdom or empire would have been a 493 00:31:04,440 --> 00:31:07,600 Speaker 1: lot more uh evocative as a word for who the 494 00:31:07,640 --> 00:31:11,600 Speaker 1: Ashanti were. Um. Ivan suggests that we do a an 495 00:31:11,600 --> 00:31:15,080 Speaker 1: episode about that empire, and we actually have. We talked 496 00:31:15,120 --> 00:31:19,640 Speaker 1: about the uh the Yah a santoa Um war for 497 00:31:19,680 --> 00:31:22,920 Speaker 1: independence in an earlier episode that's in our archive. We 498 00:31:23,000 --> 00:31:26,160 Speaker 1: also have a couple of other episodes in our more 499 00:31:26,240 --> 00:31:32,000 Speaker 1: recent shows on African history that are about how, um, 500 00:31:32,160 --> 00:31:37,239 Speaker 1: how African nations, particularly in Western Africa, were part of 501 00:31:37,280 --> 00:31:42,160 Speaker 1: the slave trade, and that all ties into what we 502 00:31:42,160 --> 00:31:44,480 Speaker 1: talked about pretty much any time we talk about any 503 00:31:44,680 --> 00:31:49,959 Speaker 1: episode about slavery in uh the America's um. But we 504 00:31:50,000 --> 00:31:54,720 Speaker 1: can't re explain all of that and all of the 505 00:31:55,320 --> 00:31:57,680 Speaker 1: anytime we talked about slavery. So if you have not 506 00:31:57,800 --> 00:32:02,080 Speaker 1: heard those past episodes, there's more nation there. Uh. And 507 00:32:02,080 --> 00:32:05,480 Speaker 1: then in terms of our listener, male, I have something 508 00:32:05,520 --> 00:32:09,240 Speaker 1: from Tricia and Tricius Tricious and is. I'm a huge, 509 00:32:09,280 --> 00:32:11,960 Speaker 1: albeit recent fan of the podcast. A friend of mine 510 00:32:12,040 --> 00:32:14,960 Speaker 1: told me about Stephie miss and history class a few 511 00:32:14,960 --> 00:32:18,440 Speaker 1: months back, and I've spent the last several months rapidly 512 00:32:18,480 --> 00:32:21,360 Speaker 1: making my way through the podcast back catalog. I studied 513 00:32:21,440 --> 00:32:24,840 Speaker 1: art history and history. UH, So listening to you all 514 00:32:24,840 --> 00:32:28,240 Speaker 1: wax about all kinds of history and notable people hits 515 00:32:28,320 --> 00:32:30,760 Speaker 1: my happy spot and I look forward to every new episode. 516 00:32:31,640 --> 00:32:34,840 Speaker 1: I heard the mention of quilts and African American quilters 517 00:32:34,880 --> 00:32:37,600 Speaker 1: and D's Bend, and I felt compelled to write, write 518 00:32:37,600 --> 00:32:39,959 Speaker 1: you all and suggest a few books about the subject 519 00:32:40,040 --> 00:32:43,360 Speaker 1: that I have collected. I'm a quilt maker slash fiber 520 00:32:43,480 --> 00:32:46,840 Speaker 1: artist as my main gig, and a book junkie. Uh. 521 00:32:46,880 --> 00:32:51,160 Speaker 1: There as follows always there. The African American Presence in 522 00:32:51,200 --> 00:32:56,160 Speaker 1: American Quilts by Questa Benbury. This discusses quilt making amongst 523 00:32:56,200 --> 00:32:59,080 Speaker 1: African American women, whose work and presence and quilt making 524 00:32:59,160 --> 00:33:02,280 Speaker 1: was largely ignored word and downplayed in lieu of quilts 525 00:33:02,320 --> 00:33:06,080 Speaker 1: made concurrently by white women in the same periods. The 526 00:33:06,120 --> 00:33:10,280 Speaker 1: next Signs and Symbols African Images and African American Quilts 527 00:33:10,320 --> 00:33:13,880 Speaker 1: by Maud Southwell Walman. This one tries to find parallels 528 00:33:13,920 --> 00:33:18,440 Speaker 1: between improvisational African American quilts and the structure of handcrafted 529 00:33:18,480 --> 00:33:22,400 Speaker 1: textiles in some parts of Africa, positing there's some connection 530 00:33:22,520 --> 00:33:25,680 Speaker 1: to folk ways taken over to the New World when 531 00:33:25,680 --> 00:33:29,560 Speaker 1: the ancestors of African slaves arrived in North America. Her 532 00:33:29,600 --> 00:33:33,320 Speaker 1: theory is a bit controversial, but it's an interesting idea. Uh, 533 00:33:33,400 --> 00:33:35,960 Speaker 1: and then she talks about some other stuff, and I 534 00:33:36,040 --> 00:33:40,120 Speaker 1: basically wanted to share that information who were for folks 535 00:33:40,160 --> 00:33:43,680 Speaker 1: who are more interested in learning about UM African American 536 00:33:43,680 --> 00:33:47,040 Speaker 1: American quilt making, because, as we said on the show, 537 00:33:47,120 --> 00:33:49,440 Speaker 1: that the academic interest on that has been a lot 538 00:33:49,480 --> 00:33:53,400 Speaker 1: more recent than a lot of other quilt history. If 539 00:33:53,440 --> 00:33:55,400 Speaker 1: you would like to write to us where History podcasts 540 00:33:55,400 --> 00:33:58,040 Speaker 1: at how stuffworks dot com. We're also on Facebook at 541 00:33:58,040 --> 00:34:00,560 Speaker 1: Facebook dot com slash mysted in history and on Twitter 542 00:34:00,600 --> 00:34:03,280 Speaker 1: at missed in History. Are Tumbler is missed in History 543 00:34:03,320 --> 00:34:05,840 Speaker 1: dot tumbler dot com, and we're also on Pinterest at 544 00:34:05,880 --> 00:34:10,400 Speaker 1: pinterest dot com slash missed in History. We're on Instagram. 545 00:34:10,400 --> 00:34:13,520 Speaker 1: Our name on Instagram is missed in History. If you 546 00:34:13,560 --> 00:34:17,160 Speaker 1: would like to learn more about uh, anything we've talked 547 00:34:17,160 --> 00:34:19,840 Speaker 1: about today, come to our parent company's website, which is 548 00:34:19,840 --> 00:34:22,080 Speaker 1: how stuff Works dot com, and you will find information 549 00:34:22,080 --> 00:34:24,440 Speaker 1: on just about anything you can think of. You can 550 00:34:24,480 --> 00:34:26,920 Speaker 1: also come to our website, which is missed in History 551 00:34:26,960 --> 00:34:29,160 Speaker 1: dot com, and you will find show notes for this episode. 552 00:34:29,160 --> 00:34:30,839 Speaker 1: I will put the names of these books that were 553 00:34:30,840 --> 00:34:33,560 Speaker 1: in the listener mail in there. If you're interested, you 554 00:34:33,600 --> 00:34:36,200 Speaker 1: can find them you can also find an archive of 555 00:34:36,280 --> 00:34:39,399 Speaker 1: every episode that we have ever done lots of other 556 00:34:39,440 --> 00:34:40,920 Speaker 1: cool stuff, so you can do all that and a 557 00:34:40,960 --> 00:34:43,400 Speaker 1: whole lot more at how stuff works dot com or 558 00:34:43,480 --> 00:34:50,400 Speaker 1: missed in history dot com for more on this and 559 00:34:50,440 --> 00:35:00,200 Speaker 1: thousands of other topics because it how stuff works dot com. 560 00:35:00,080 --> 00:35:00,120 Speaker 1: M