1 00:00:00,240 --> 00:00:04,680 Speaker 1: From UFOs to psychic powers and government conspiracies. History is 2 00:00:04,760 --> 00:00:09,080 Speaker 1: riddled with unexplained events. You can turn back now or 3 00:00:09,200 --> 00:00:12,119 Speaker 1: learn the stuff they don't want you to know. A 4 00:00:12,240 --> 00:00:24,720 Speaker 1: production of I Heart Gradios How Stuff Works. Welcome back 5 00:00:24,760 --> 00:00:27,480 Speaker 1: to the show. My name is Matt Noel is on 6 00:00:27,680 --> 00:00:30,680 Speaker 1: an audio adventure. They call me Ben. We are joined 7 00:00:30,720 --> 00:00:34,040 Speaker 1: as always with our super producer Paul Mission Control decond. 8 00:00:34,360 --> 00:00:38,000 Speaker 1: Most importantly, you are you. You are here, and that 9 00:00:38,120 --> 00:00:42,000 Speaker 1: makes this stuff they don't want you to know. Quick 10 00:00:42,440 --> 00:00:47,080 Speaker 1: before you forget your comments, your feedback, your concerns, or 11 00:00:47,120 --> 00:00:51,120 Speaker 1: your suggestions. Go ahead, at any point while this episode 12 00:00:51,200 --> 00:00:54,520 Speaker 1: is playing, pause it and give us a call. Speak 13 00:00:54,520 --> 00:00:58,320 Speaker 1: your conscience, speak your truth. Let us know if you 14 00:00:58,440 --> 00:01:00,760 Speaker 1: do not want your words to go on the air, 15 00:01:00,960 --> 00:01:05,039 Speaker 1: that's right. Also speak your untruth whatever you wish, give 16 00:01:05,120 --> 00:01:07,800 Speaker 1: us a call. One eight three three s T d 17 00:01:08,240 --> 00:01:14,240 Speaker 1: W y t K now. Speaking of truth is an untruth. Ben. 18 00:01:14,280 --> 00:01:20,440 Speaker 1: We've spoken many times on this show about the the 19 00:01:20,560 --> 00:01:23,679 Speaker 1: memory that you have or an image in your mind 20 00:01:24,000 --> 00:01:27,679 Speaker 1: is just the last time you thought about something. Right. 21 00:01:27,920 --> 00:01:33,120 Speaker 1: That's true, that's true. Long time listeners will well remember 22 00:01:33,120 --> 00:01:35,839 Speaker 1: this because it's a very handy thing to point out 23 00:01:35,880 --> 00:01:39,480 Speaker 1: whenever we dive into any number of topics, and that 24 00:01:39,680 --> 00:01:42,600 Speaker 1: is take for instance, well, we'll talk about memories a 25 00:01:42,600 --> 00:01:47,360 Speaker 1: lot today. Take for instance, uh, the memory of the 26 00:01:47,480 --> 00:01:52,640 Speaker 1: first time you ate spaghetti. Right, Okay, got it. That's 27 00:01:52,680 --> 00:01:56,200 Speaker 1: a that's a good that's a good example because it 28 00:01:56,280 --> 00:02:01,360 Speaker 1: ties into taste, smell, texture, all these other sensory things 29 00:02:01,360 --> 00:02:04,520 Speaker 1: that play a huge role in encoding memory. But and 30 00:02:04,560 --> 00:02:07,400 Speaker 1: it's also probably not the first time you ate spaghetti. 31 00:02:07,480 --> 00:02:10,960 Speaker 1: It is almost definitely not. It may not even be 32 00:02:11,040 --> 00:02:14,519 Speaker 1: a real time that you ate spaghetti. You're just remembering 33 00:02:14,600 --> 00:02:21,000 Speaker 1: the sensations that you associate with spaghetti. So we just 34 00:02:21,240 --> 00:02:24,720 Speaker 1: may have helped you make up a memory that never happened. 35 00:02:25,080 --> 00:02:28,919 Speaker 1: And today's show is about memories. Think about it that 36 00:02:29,400 --> 00:02:34,079 Speaker 1: memories are humanity's earliest version of time travel. You can 37 00:02:34,120 --> 00:02:37,360 Speaker 1: hear a snatch of song, of vivid image pops up 38 00:02:37,400 --> 00:02:40,800 Speaker 1: in your mind, or something as small as a taste 39 00:02:41,000 --> 00:02:44,320 Speaker 1: can send you rocketing out of the present into the past. 40 00:02:44,639 --> 00:02:49,240 Speaker 1: In some cases, this is amazing and beautiful. Think about 41 00:02:49,280 --> 00:02:53,959 Speaker 1: smelling a cookie, a specific kind of cookie. Sure, I mean, 42 00:02:54,520 --> 00:02:58,680 Speaker 1: it really is time traveling. A fresh baked cinnamon cookie 43 00:02:58,960 --> 00:03:03,920 Speaker 1: or a Christmas cook icing on it. The This has 44 00:03:03,960 --> 00:03:09,520 Speaker 1: been the launching ground for so many crucial parts of 45 00:03:09,600 --> 00:03:12,040 Speaker 1: human existence, and a lot of literature and art as 46 00:03:12,080 --> 00:03:17,640 Speaker 1: well remembrance of things passed by proost. Essentially, it all 47 00:03:17,880 --> 00:03:21,480 Speaker 1: starts because this guy dips a Madeline into I think 48 00:03:21,560 --> 00:03:24,200 Speaker 1: tea or some sort of beverage and he tasted it, 49 00:03:24,360 --> 00:03:27,200 Speaker 1: and he goes, wow, I should write hundreds of pages 50 00:03:27,320 --> 00:03:33,480 Speaker 1: about cookie. Correct, yes, yeah, biscuit, Oh my gosh, yeah, 51 00:03:33,520 --> 00:03:37,080 Speaker 1: excuse us. Right, But then also think about the way 52 00:03:37,600 --> 00:03:42,720 Speaker 1: people who are suffering from Alzheimer's are able to retain 53 00:03:42,880 --> 00:03:49,160 Speaker 1: memories through music, right, Like they may have difficulty recalling 54 00:03:49,800 --> 00:03:54,120 Speaker 1: certain people, places or events in their lives, but they 55 00:03:54,160 --> 00:03:58,680 Speaker 1: can sing and hit every note of uh, you know, 56 00:03:58,720 --> 00:04:01,120 Speaker 1: a song from the sixties that they really loved, Right. 57 00:04:01,160 --> 00:04:04,840 Speaker 1: And then the hope of current research and future research 58 00:04:04,920 --> 00:04:07,800 Speaker 1: is that you can you can use that connection in 59 00:04:07,880 --> 00:04:12,120 Speaker 1: some way to make even further connections, right, exactly, spot on. 60 00:04:12,240 --> 00:04:16,280 Speaker 1: And here's the thing. This is the reason why I 61 00:04:16,320 --> 00:04:20,560 Speaker 1: really appreciate you using the word hope they're Matt's because 62 00:04:20,880 --> 00:04:24,960 Speaker 1: as amazing as memories are, we still do not understand 63 00:04:25,120 --> 00:04:29,480 Speaker 1: everything about them. We know, for example, that memories can 64 00:04:29,520 --> 00:04:33,000 Speaker 1: be as as you said earlier, surprisingly treacherous, and memories 65 00:04:33,040 --> 00:04:37,200 Speaker 1: of the same event can change drastically over time. That's why, 66 00:04:37,480 --> 00:04:42,960 Speaker 1: especially in the days before widespread video and audio capturing 67 00:04:43,200 --> 00:04:48,520 Speaker 1: ability existed, that's why so many people would swear they 68 00:04:48,520 --> 00:04:52,520 Speaker 1: were at these big historical events after the fact. They 69 00:04:52,600 --> 00:04:55,160 Speaker 1: didn't think they were lying. You know what I mean. 70 00:04:55,240 --> 00:05:00,760 Speaker 1: The hundreds of thousands of people who claimed they were watching, 71 00:05:01,920 --> 00:05:04,479 Speaker 1: you know, like the Hindenburg disaster, well that would probably 72 00:05:04,480 --> 00:05:07,599 Speaker 1: be more than millions or people who claimed that they 73 00:05:07,640 --> 00:05:11,919 Speaker 1: were in or around Tombstone at the time of the 74 00:05:11,960 --> 00:05:15,480 Speaker 1: so called wild West, right uh, and during the titular 75 00:05:15,520 --> 00:05:19,159 Speaker 1: shootouts and stuff. Those people don't feel like they're lying. 76 00:05:19,600 --> 00:05:23,800 Speaker 1: They genuinely think they remember it. And now we we 77 00:05:23,880 --> 00:05:28,880 Speaker 1: find ourselves inexorably drawn into the world of philosophy. If 78 00:05:30,240 --> 00:05:35,039 Speaker 1: a person's thoughts, their experiences, their beliefs are indeed the 79 00:05:35,080 --> 00:05:39,920 Speaker 1: basis for the reality in which they exist, then were 80 00:05:39,960 --> 00:05:43,480 Speaker 1: they there. Yeah, that's a that's a tough one. And 81 00:05:43,480 --> 00:05:46,160 Speaker 1: we're we're also going to get into realms here with 82 00:05:46,720 --> 00:05:51,680 Speaker 1: memories of something like trauma, and you know, we're talking 83 00:05:52,000 --> 00:05:54,039 Speaker 1: everything we've been talking about right now, are memories that 84 00:05:54,080 --> 00:05:57,119 Speaker 1: we would probably want to retain or at least a hone, 85 00:05:57,240 --> 00:05:59,320 Speaker 1: or to have the best version of, or we think 86 00:05:59,360 --> 00:06:02,120 Speaker 1: we have the best version of. Right, But when you're 87 00:06:02,160 --> 00:06:05,840 Speaker 1: speaking with memories of trauma or something like that, is 88 00:06:05,920 --> 00:06:09,280 Speaker 1: there you know, perhaps there is reason, and rightly so, 89 00:06:09,480 --> 00:06:12,920 Speaker 1: for us to want to alter those memories or maybe 90 00:06:12,960 --> 00:06:16,440 Speaker 1: even change them. Sure, and some people have attempted in 91 00:06:16,480 --> 00:06:19,960 Speaker 1: the past to do this. Right, we know that people can, 92 00:06:20,000 --> 00:06:25,880 Speaker 1: through accident or intention, alter memories in various ways. One 93 00:06:25,960 --> 00:06:31,080 Speaker 1: of the big debates regarding this would be the technique 94 00:06:31,120 --> 00:06:34,640 Speaker 1: known as hypnotic regression. There are people who will swear 95 00:06:34,839 --> 00:06:39,480 Speaker 1: up and down that hypnotic regression has been used as 96 00:06:39,520 --> 00:06:45,520 Speaker 1: a psychotherapeutic tool to help people remember things that they 97 00:06:45,600 --> 00:06:50,200 Speaker 1: had suppressed due to trauma. However, and this is not 98 00:06:50,279 --> 00:06:54,920 Speaker 1: to say that doesn't occur. However, the evidence also shows 99 00:06:55,040 --> 00:07:00,960 Speaker 1: us that people can be guided, steered up, pushed towards 100 00:07:02,560 --> 00:07:07,200 Speaker 1: remembering things that did not happen or remembering things that 101 00:07:07,680 --> 00:07:11,560 Speaker 1: happened in a different way in the objective reality. Yeah, 102 00:07:11,960 --> 00:07:17,440 Speaker 1: and there are techniques and in psychological ways to try 103 00:07:17,480 --> 00:07:20,560 Speaker 1: and alter your own memories, either for good or for bad, 104 00:07:21,080 --> 00:07:23,440 Speaker 1: or those of of other people, but some of the 105 00:07:23,520 --> 00:07:27,320 Speaker 1: kind of self change things or like memory palaces, constructing 106 00:07:27,320 --> 00:07:29,720 Speaker 1: it within your mind and then altering the way you 107 00:07:29,800 --> 00:07:33,080 Speaker 1: view this certain time or event. Um, there's a lot 108 00:07:33,080 --> 00:07:35,720 Speaker 1: of fascinating stuff there, It's true, and we will we 109 00:07:35,800 --> 00:07:39,680 Speaker 1: will inevitably hit different aspects of this and along the 110 00:07:39,720 --> 00:07:44,000 Speaker 1: way today we will show you a little bit about 111 00:07:44,000 --> 00:07:47,280 Speaker 1: how to hack your own memory. But this is again 112 00:07:47,320 --> 00:07:52,360 Speaker 1: for information purposes only. Paul, Matt and myself are not doctors. 113 00:07:52,920 --> 00:07:57,920 Speaker 1: Uh And even if we were taking medical advice from 114 00:07:57,960 --> 00:08:03,679 Speaker 1: a podcast is a terrible idea, uniformly no caveat, terrible idea, 115 00:08:04,320 --> 00:08:09,520 Speaker 1: even basic psychological advice. For me, at least, I wouldn't 116 00:08:09,600 --> 00:08:13,840 Speaker 1: even follow any of our film recommendations, and being honest, 117 00:08:13,920 --> 00:08:17,280 Speaker 1: at least none of mine. Uh So I'll also share 118 00:08:17,360 --> 00:08:24,080 Speaker 1: in the course of this episode a very odd personal memory. 119 00:08:24,720 --> 00:08:27,840 Speaker 1: Uh And I would love some helper answers about this 120 00:08:27,960 --> 00:08:30,960 Speaker 1: because I still have questions. But Okay, we know that 121 00:08:31,040 --> 00:08:33,800 Speaker 1: we can alter our own memories and other people can 122 00:08:33,840 --> 00:08:36,920 Speaker 1: alter our memories. We know that we don't understand everything 123 00:08:36,960 --> 00:08:39,280 Speaker 1: about memories. But what if we could take it a 124 00:08:39,320 --> 00:08:44,920 Speaker 1: step further? What if we could actually erase a person's memory, 125 00:08:45,120 --> 00:08:47,920 Speaker 1: a specific memory. In other words, what if we can 126 00:08:47,920 --> 00:08:50,920 Speaker 1: take the plot of eternal sunshine of the spotless mind 127 00:08:51,240 --> 00:08:55,280 Speaker 1: from the big screen to reality. That is what we 128 00:08:55,320 --> 00:08:58,480 Speaker 1: were exploring today, and to do so, we need to 129 00:08:58,640 --> 00:09:04,520 Speaker 1: first understand what exactly human memory is. So here are 130 00:09:04,640 --> 00:09:09,720 Speaker 1: the facts. Let's begin with a summation of this idea 131 00:09:09,760 --> 00:09:12,440 Speaker 1: of what is a memory by a gentleman named Richard C. 132 00:09:12,720 --> 00:09:16,440 Speaker 1: Mos m o h s. He wrote how human memory 133 00:09:16,520 --> 00:09:19,920 Speaker 1: works for our friends over at how stuff works dot com. 134 00:09:20,080 --> 00:09:22,160 Speaker 1: Um I was gonna say something that are like we 135 00:09:22,240 --> 00:09:25,400 Speaker 1: remember thee or something like that, like we're no longer 136 00:09:25,440 --> 00:09:28,000 Speaker 1: officially with them, but they will always be with us. 137 00:09:28,720 --> 00:09:32,360 Speaker 1: Memory itself just describes the process by which our minds 138 00:09:32,400 --> 00:09:37,520 Speaker 1: store and then recall information. And again it's kind of connections, 139 00:09:37,559 --> 00:09:43,079 Speaker 1: both literally and physically and metaphorically exactly so for most 140 00:09:43,120 --> 00:09:47,319 Speaker 1: of us, most rights, we talk about memory as though 141 00:09:47,480 --> 00:09:52,400 Speaker 1: it is another part of our body, a thing we possess, 142 00:09:52,440 --> 00:09:56,160 Speaker 1: like our organs or our fingers. But the tricky part 143 00:09:56,240 --> 00:10:00,840 Speaker 1: here is that memory does not exist in quite the 144 00:10:01,000 --> 00:10:04,280 Speaker 1: same way. We can't touch it. It's more of a 145 00:10:04,360 --> 00:10:07,400 Speaker 1: concept for most people, or at least this was the 146 00:10:07,480 --> 00:10:12,160 Speaker 1: case for the majority of human history, and it may 147 00:10:12,200 --> 00:10:15,920 Speaker 1: be tempting for us to think of every single memory 148 00:10:15,960 --> 00:10:20,320 Speaker 1: that we've ever had as a single, discrete, specific thing. 149 00:10:20,640 --> 00:10:24,600 Speaker 1: Imagine your first day at school, right or one of 150 00:10:24,640 --> 00:10:29,559 Speaker 1: your first days that memory, uh probably exists distinct for 151 00:10:29,600 --> 00:10:32,040 Speaker 1: a lot of people. Or remember the first time you 152 00:10:32,120 --> 00:10:35,240 Speaker 1: told a romantic partner you love them, and so on. 153 00:10:35,320 --> 00:10:37,839 Speaker 1: You can put yourself back in that moment, just your 154 00:10:37,920 --> 00:10:40,960 Speaker 1: meat cute, even the first time you saw your current 155 00:10:41,000 --> 00:10:44,960 Speaker 1: partner right exactly when we when we think of these 156 00:10:44,960 --> 00:10:48,079 Speaker 1: things on the offset, we think of them as a 157 00:10:48,640 --> 00:10:53,160 Speaker 1: single point, a snap in in this huge tapestry of 158 00:10:53,200 --> 00:10:56,679 Speaker 1: experience that never ends until we die and maybe continues 159 00:10:56,679 --> 00:11:00,560 Speaker 1: a little bit after that. But the problem is that 160 00:11:00,679 --> 00:11:04,920 Speaker 1: all things are interconnected here, and memories no different. Your 161 00:11:05,000 --> 00:11:08,040 Speaker 1: first day of school also conjures up the idea of 162 00:11:08,080 --> 00:11:10,320 Speaker 1: like your trapper keeper, your backpack, what you have for 163 00:11:10,400 --> 00:11:13,720 Speaker 1: lunch that sleepless night before the first day of school. 164 00:11:13,800 --> 00:11:18,439 Speaker 1: It's also being colored by your subsequent experiences with school 165 00:11:18,720 --> 00:11:21,760 Speaker 1: and how you feel about, you know, high school. Let's 166 00:11:21,800 --> 00:11:24,120 Speaker 1: say you're let's say you're in college right now, when 167 00:11:24,120 --> 00:11:26,640 Speaker 1: you're thinking about your first day of school. Those memories 168 00:11:26,679 --> 00:11:29,280 Speaker 1: are hitting because of the way memory functions. As we're 169 00:11:29,280 --> 00:11:32,760 Speaker 1: gonna get into here, it's hitting all of these different 170 00:11:32,840 --> 00:11:37,760 Speaker 1: parts of your your memories, yeah right, because each of 171 00:11:37,800 --> 00:11:43,120 Speaker 1: these things is really the product of some incredibly, incredibly 172 00:11:43,240 --> 00:11:49,920 Speaker 1: complex Rube Goldberg esque cognitive processing. Every time you, or 173 00:11:50,240 --> 00:11:55,680 Speaker 1: my or anyone recalls a memory, our brain is reassembling 174 00:11:56,000 --> 00:12:01,280 Speaker 1: these very different impressions from a uh picture, a spider 175 00:12:01,320 --> 00:12:06,000 Speaker 1: web of cells scattered all throughout your brain in different areas. 176 00:12:06,040 --> 00:12:10,560 Speaker 1: Each memory that you have, and the larger concept of 177 00:12:10,559 --> 00:12:14,240 Speaker 1: what we call memory is a group of different systems 178 00:12:14,440 --> 00:12:18,960 Speaker 1: or webs interacting and playing a role in creating story 179 00:12:19,200 --> 00:12:23,079 Speaker 1: and recalling experiences. Mose has a great example of this. 180 00:12:23,480 --> 00:12:26,559 Speaker 1: He talks about a pen. He says, you know, if 181 00:12:26,559 --> 00:12:29,360 Speaker 1: you think of an object like a pen, your brain 182 00:12:29,480 --> 00:12:35,559 Speaker 1: achieves the object's name, okay, pen, it's shape, cylindrical, often right, overwhelmingly, 183 00:12:35,880 --> 00:12:41,200 Speaker 1: it's function, okay, writes stuff. Uh, the sound it makes 184 00:12:41,240 --> 00:12:43,679 Speaker 1: when it scratches across the page. For a lot of us, 185 00:12:44,000 --> 00:12:47,560 Speaker 1: we would probably be more familiar with a click sounds. 186 00:12:48,640 --> 00:12:51,000 Speaker 1: So each part of the memory of what a pen 187 00:12:51,320 --> 00:12:54,440 Speaker 1: is exists in a different part of your brain and 188 00:12:54,480 --> 00:12:58,160 Speaker 1: then all you need is to think or hear the 189 00:12:58,200 --> 00:13:02,439 Speaker 1: word pen and boom, it all comes together so fast, 190 00:13:02,600 --> 00:13:06,160 Speaker 1: so quickly. You're not buffering. There's no speed there, there's 191 00:13:06,200 --> 00:13:09,360 Speaker 1: no moment where you're totally lost and you're thinking that 192 00:13:09,440 --> 00:13:14,520 Speaker 1: sounds a sounds familiar. Um well, for some of us, 193 00:13:14,800 --> 00:13:20,800 Speaker 1: myself included, recalling specifics of things is becoming more and 194 00:13:20,840 --> 00:13:25,680 Speaker 1: more difficult again as myself as I get older. It's odd. 195 00:13:26,000 --> 00:13:30,840 Speaker 1: It's like the connections there aren't quite as uh steadfast 196 00:13:30,840 --> 00:13:38,200 Speaker 1: as they once were. Yeah, yeah, exactly. So neurologists are 197 00:13:38,520 --> 00:13:44,280 Speaker 1: still only at the beginning of understanding how all these 198 00:13:44,679 --> 00:13:49,280 Speaker 1: different little mental processes come together to form what we 199 00:13:49,360 --> 00:13:53,439 Speaker 1: call memory and to create what we call remembering. We 200 00:13:53,520 --> 00:13:56,880 Speaker 1: do know a little bit about how memories form. When 201 00:13:56,920 --> 00:14:01,480 Speaker 1: everything goes right, yeah exactly. Uh So, the first thing 202 00:14:01,520 --> 00:14:05,120 Speaker 1: that happens is your senses are interacting with something in 203 00:14:05,440 --> 00:14:10,160 Speaker 1: the world generally, and these things, these sensations that your 204 00:14:10,160 --> 00:14:12,560 Speaker 1: senses are picking up, travel to this place in your 205 00:14:12,559 --> 00:14:17,280 Speaker 1: brain called your hippocampus, which then integrates various separate sensations 206 00:14:17,320 --> 00:14:21,960 Speaker 1: into a single cohesive experience. Uh So again, kind of 207 00:14:22,000 --> 00:14:23,680 Speaker 1: what we were talking about earlier. Then let's go back 208 00:14:23,720 --> 00:14:27,240 Speaker 1: to that love of your life. And in this way, 209 00:14:27,280 --> 00:14:29,360 Speaker 1: let's say it's your meat cutes. The first time you 210 00:14:29,400 --> 00:14:32,160 Speaker 1: turn a corner, there's the person you end up being 211 00:14:32,200 --> 00:14:36,000 Speaker 1: with for the rest of your life. Um. You you 212 00:14:36,320 --> 00:14:38,560 Speaker 1: think about the way they looked, perhaps what they're wearing, 213 00:14:38,600 --> 00:14:41,200 Speaker 1: the way their hair was. You heard their voice for 214 00:14:41,240 --> 00:14:43,520 Speaker 1: the first time, or at least what you're imagining now, 215 00:14:43,560 --> 00:14:46,240 Speaker 1: remembering the way their voice sounded. The first time you 216 00:14:46,320 --> 00:14:51,880 Speaker 1: smelled whatever whatever cologne or whatever you know, smell they 217 00:14:51,880 --> 00:14:54,760 Speaker 1: had going on the deodorant. Maybe it was just their 218 00:14:54,840 --> 00:14:57,720 Speaker 1: natural smell. Uh. This all gets rolled up into this 219 00:14:57,840 --> 00:15:01,200 Speaker 1: single experience that we can it or to be the memory. Right, 220 00:15:02,120 --> 00:15:06,240 Speaker 1: And according to mosh he he actually goes into this 221 00:15:06,800 --> 00:15:11,760 Speaker 1: into the actual occurrence in your brain. Right. He walks 222 00:15:11,840 --> 00:15:18,600 Speaker 1: through how the hippocampus along with the frontal cortex analyzes 223 00:15:18,920 --> 00:15:25,600 Speaker 1: the sensory inputs. This this is the process of encoding. 224 00:15:26,120 --> 00:15:31,280 Speaker 1: So if essentially think of your hippocampus and the frontal 225 00:15:31,320 --> 00:15:35,800 Speaker 1: cortex as the bouncers at the bar of your recollection 226 00:15:36,520 --> 00:15:39,840 Speaker 1: right there at the door. And what they will do 227 00:15:40,320 --> 00:15:44,880 Speaker 1: is they and we're totally anthropomorphizing them here but but 228 00:15:44,880 --> 00:15:47,200 Speaker 1: but they will say, let's say you're walking by and 229 00:15:47,400 --> 00:15:52,960 Speaker 1: you smell an amazing hero stand right and wlcome by 230 00:15:52,960 --> 00:15:56,520 Speaker 1: a holala guys or whatever, and you smell this and 231 00:15:56,560 --> 00:15:58,760 Speaker 1: it's a great it's a great smell, or you see 232 00:15:58,800 --> 00:16:03,680 Speaker 1: something distinct there, or someone's making schwarma or whatever, and 233 00:16:04,280 --> 00:16:07,000 Speaker 1: your this goes to your brain. These sensory inputs, the 234 00:16:07,040 --> 00:16:10,840 Speaker 1: visual input of watching that scene, uh, the olfactory input 235 00:16:10,840 --> 00:16:14,560 Speaker 1: of smelling that food, and then your hippocampus, your frontal 236 00:16:14,560 --> 00:16:19,880 Speaker 1: cortex are the They're the entities that say this is 237 00:16:20,000 --> 00:16:22,360 Speaker 1: or is not important, This does or does not make 238 00:16:22,400 --> 00:16:27,120 Speaker 1: the pass. As we indicated earlier, if they make it through, 239 00:16:27,520 --> 00:16:30,600 Speaker 1: if your long term memory, just your even your short term, 240 00:16:31,160 --> 00:16:33,880 Speaker 1: if they make it through and become a short term memory. 241 00:16:34,080 --> 00:16:36,040 Speaker 1: They exist in a small chunk for no more than 242 00:16:36,960 --> 00:16:41,120 Speaker 1: seconds for most people, and then someone can ask you like, hey, 243 00:16:41,200 --> 00:16:43,720 Speaker 1: what was happening there, you know, seconds ago, and I'll 244 00:16:43,760 --> 00:16:45,640 Speaker 1: be like, oh, there was this guy's making schwarma. It 245 00:16:45,720 --> 00:16:48,200 Speaker 1: was great, you know, not life changing, but yeah you 246 00:16:48,240 --> 00:16:52,040 Speaker 1: want some schwarma. That's how that will work. But uh, 247 00:16:52,520 --> 00:16:56,720 Speaker 1: let's let's step back for a second. So as these 248 00:16:56,760 --> 00:17:00,240 Speaker 1: bits of information get collected in short term memory. They're 249 00:17:00,280 --> 00:17:04,439 Speaker 1: stored in different parts of the brain. We still don't 250 00:17:04,520 --> 00:17:09,040 Speaker 1: know how our brains identify all these things and know 251 00:17:09,200 --> 00:17:13,520 Speaker 1: what to match to which event. Right, so we know 252 00:17:13,640 --> 00:17:17,040 Speaker 1: that we do know the physiological or i should say, 253 00:17:17,040 --> 00:17:20,760 Speaker 1: the neurochemical process. Here. We all have nerve cells in 254 00:17:20,800 --> 00:17:24,680 Speaker 1: our brains. They connected things called synapsis, right. A synapse 255 00:17:24,760 --> 00:17:29,560 Speaker 1: is a connection there, and these cells fire electrical pulses 256 00:17:30,000 --> 00:17:34,199 Speaker 1: across the space between your nerves. And when they fire 257 00:17:34,400 --> 00:17:39,080 Speaker 1: these electrical pulses, it triggers the release of these neurotransmitters. 258 00:17:39,080 --> 00:17:44,480 Speaker 1: Think of them like chemical corriers. The neurotransmitters spread the 259 00:17:44,520 --> 00:17:49,320 Speaker 1: information they carry across the spaces between the cells. Each 260 00:17:49,480 --> 00:17:54,640 Speaker 1: single brain cell can form thousands and thousands of these links, 261 00:17:54,920 --> 00:18:00,400 Speaker 1: creating all these other connections, these webs that we mentioned earlier. 262 00:18:00,520 --> 00:18:03,359 Speaker 1: The typical brain has about typical human brain I should say, 263 00:18:03,400 --> 00:18:07,000 Speaker 1: has about a hundred trillion synapsis. But these connections are 264 00:18:07,000 --> 00:18:10,680 Speaker 1: not set in stone. They constantly change as your brain 265 00:18:10,760 --> 00:18:15,600 Speaker 1: cells organize themselves into different groups to process information in 266 00:18:15,640 --> 00:18:20,240 Speaker 1: different ways. And here's where long term comes in. Every 267 00:18:20,280 --> 00:18:24,959 Speaker 1: time that your brain cells send these messages to one another, 268 00:18:25,359 --> 00:18:29,760 Speaker 1: the synaptic connection between them grows stronger. We can't emphasize 269 00:18:29,840 --> 00:18:35,159 Speaker 1: this enough. This is real mind over matter. Your thought processes, 270 00:18:35,560 --> 00:18:38,919 Speaker 1: the things that you choose to think about with no 271 00:18:39,000 --> 00:18:43,880 Speaker 1: ostensible physical action of your own, these things will change 272 00:18:43,960 --> 00:18:47,480 Speaker 1: the physical composition of your brain. I believe we may 273 00:18:47,520 --> 00:18:51,159 Speaker 1: have mentioned it on previous episodes, but we can see 274 00:18:51,320 --> 00:18:55,960 Speaker 1: this effect over time, and it becomes quite profound. London 275 00:18:56,400 --> 00:19:01,199 Speaker 1: taxi drivers, right, the area of the rain associated with 276 00:19:01,280 --> 00:19:04,399 Speaker 1: spatial reasoning in taxi drivers who have been driving for 277 00:19:04,440 --> 00:19:10,600 Speaker 1: decades is physically noticeably significantly larger than that of the 278 00:19:10,760 --> 00:19:14,639 Speaker 1: ordinary driver. Uh. Same thing with the parts of the 279 00:19:14,640 --> 00:19:19,920 Speaker 1: brain responsible for empathy in Buddhist Buddhist monks who have 280 00:19:20,040 --> 00:19:22,760 Speaker 1: meditated for quite a while, as well as professional magic. 281 00:19:22,800 --> 00:19:25,680 Speaker 1: The gathering players have been playing for long enough time, 282 00:19:25,840 --> 00:19:28,240 Speaker 1: Like it's crazy how many cards they have to remember 283 00:19:28,280 --> 00:19:30,679 Speaker 1: and all the different actions. I mean, you've done some 284 00:19:30,720 --> 00:19:32,840 Speaker 1: real Twilight Zone stuff. I'm gonna be honest with you. 285 00:19:33,359 --> 00:19:37,879 Speaker 1: We we also know that filtering occurs during this encoding process. 286 00:19:38,200 --> 00:19:41,399 Speaker 1: Most people don't remember most things, right, but we still 287 00:19:41,880 --> 00:19:46,800 Speaker 1: don't know exactly how this works. We're going to pause 288 00:19:47,000 --> 00:19:49,680 Speaker 1: just for a second. Let's all try to remember what 289 00:19:50,119 --> 00:19:53,240 Speaker 1: what we examined here, and then we'll be back to 290 00:19:53,320 --> 00:19:56,160 Speaker 1: explore short and long term memory after a word from 291 00:19:56,160 --> 00:20:06,639 Speaker 1: our sponsor, and we're back now. As we were discussing before, 292 00:20:06,760 --> 00:20:10,159 Speaker 1: not all memories are created equally, and not all of 293 00:20:10,200 --> 00:20:13,560 Speaker 1: our senses are stored in the same way, because really, 294 00:20:13,720 --> 00:20:16,680 Speaker 1: if you think about how much stuff we interact with 295 00:20:16,840 --> 00:20:19,119 Speaker 1: every day, how many things we see and smell and touch, 296 00:20:19,680 --> 00:20:22,480 Speaker 1: if we kept all of that, it would be it 297 00:20:22,480 --> 00:20:25,480 Speaker 1: would be nearly impossible to sort through, even with the 298 00:20:25,520 --> 00:20:29,080 Speaker 1: processing power of our brains. So a lot of experts 299 00:20:29,280 --> 00:20:32,800 Speaker 1: actually believe that memory exists in three stages. A lot 300 00:20:32,800 --> 00:20:36,159 Speaker 1: of times you'll hear short term versus long term memory, 301 00:20:36,240 --> 00:20:39,639 Speaker 1: So let's let's jump in here. The first type is 302 00:20:39,720 --> 00:20:43,239 Speaker 1: the immediate sensory memory. That's just what is occurring right now, 303 00:20:43,280 --> 00:20:45,399 Speaker 1: the way this table feels when I touch it. Then 304 00:20:45,440 --> 00:20:48,439 Speaker 1: their short term memory, which is again about that twenty 305 00:20:48,440 --> 00:20:50,720 Speaker 1: seconds or a little bit, you know, give or take 306 00:20:51,080 --> 00:20:54,520 Speaker 1: a certain period of time, I remember how that table 307 00:20:54,560 --> 00:20:58,200 Speaker 1: felt when I touched it. And then finally long term memory, 308 00:20:58,560 --> 00:21:01,000 Speaker 1: and then that is just me when I'm walking around 309 00:21:01,040 --> 00:21:03,879 Speaker 1: at the house thinking about what that table felt like. 310 00:21:03,960 --> 00:21:05,960 Speaker 1: When I touched it, right, or I'm remembering it for 311 00:21:06,000 --> 00:21:09,280 Speaker 1: the next time. So each memory has to successfully pass 312 00:21:09,359 --> 00:21:12,080 Speaker 1: the filtration to get to the next tier to go 313 00:21:12,200 --> 00:21:15,480 Speaker 1: from sensory to short term to long term, and long 314 00:21:15,600 --> 00:21:20,040 Speaker 1: term memory can store as far as we can tell 315 00:21:20,080 --> 00:21:24,080 Speaker 1: an unlimited amount of data for an infinite amount of time. 316 00:21:24,480 --> 00:21:27,920 Speaker 1: We but yes, I'm sorry, an indefinite amount of time. 317 00:21:28,000 --> 00:21:30,200 Speaker 1: There's not a hard limit on it the way short 318 00:21:30,280 --> 00:21:34,040 Speaker 1: term memory is. We should also make a slight detour 319 00:21:34,160 --> 00:21:38,040 Speaker 1: here to say yes, so called total recall memory adetic 320 00:21:38,160 --> 00:21:42,920 Speaker 1: memory does exist, but it is very very rare. That's 321 00:21:42,960 --> 00:21:48,399 Speaker 1: the ability to recall something in near totality after having 322 00:21:48,520 --> 00:21:53,280 Speaker 1: only seen it once briefly. And there are people who 323 00:21:53,320 --> 00:21:57,359 Speaker 1: really can do this. There are people who have the 324 00:21:57,400 --> 00:22:00,800 Speaker 1: ability to look at a photograph and then draw it 325 00:22:02,640 --> 00:22:06,720 Speaker 1: really accurately from memory. There are people who can tell 326 00:22:06,760 --> 00:22:13,440 Speaker 1: you what they have for breakfast on you know, June nine, 327 00:22:15,400 --> 00:22:17,720 Speaker 1: and they can tell you what time it was when 328 00:22:17,720 --> 00:22:19,960 Speaker 1: they add breakfast. You know. Yeah, but like you said, 329 00:22:20,160 --> 00:22:25,320 Speaker 1: extremely rare, extremely extremely rare. Uh for for me, I 330 00:22:25,359 --> 00:22:28,600 Speaker 1: couldn't tell you what I ate for breakfast yesterday? Right? 331 00:22:28,720 --> 00:22:32,600 Speaker 1: And true photographic memory as far as we know, like 332 00:22:32,680 --> 00:22:39,400 Speaker 1: the the actual facts, true photographic memory has not been 333 00:22:40,000 --> 00:22:44,639 Speaker 1: universally proven. There are there are compelling things. Right. But 334 00:22:44,720 --> 00:22:47,640 Speaker 1: then this ties into the idea of the so called 335 00:22:47,680 --> 00:22:51,160 Speaker 1: savant syndrome. Right, So that's a story for another day. 336 00:22:51,200 --> 00:22:55,879 Speaker 1: But the rules we are describing for memory applied to easily, 337 00:22:57,640 --> 00:23:02,239 Speaker 1: if not more, of the human population. Matt, You're absolutely right. 338 00:23:02,480 --> 00:23:05,240 Speaker 1: Long term memory is something that you have to earn. 339 00:23:05,560 --> 00:23:09,960 Speaker 1: If you're a little lingering scent of jasmine or lavender, 340 00:23:10,640 --> 00:23:13,399 Speaker 1: you start off in sensory memory and you have to 341 00:23:13,600 --> 00:23:17,960 Speaker 1: you have to crew up with other sensory with other sensations. 342 00:23:18,119 --> 00:23:22,840 Speaker 1: Right two, progress through that hierarchy and hit the you know, 343 00:23:22,920 --> 00:23:27,680 Speaker 1: hit the big win, the immortality of a long term memory. 344 00:23:27,920 --> 00:23:31,880 Speaker 1: Most people have a pretty good memory. So the brutal 345 00:23:31,880 --> 00:23:34,800 Speaker 1: truth of this is any of your friends, any of 346 00:23:34,800 --> 00:23:39,400 Speaker 1: our friends, who say I'm terrible with names, or I've 347 00:23:39,480 --> 00:23:42,560 Speaker 1: just said I've got such a terrible memory. The fact 348 00:23:42,600 --> 00:23:43,960 Speaker 1: of the matter is, I'm not going to say they're 349 00:23:44,040 --> 00:23:48,840 Speaker 1: lying to you, but they're not really trying to encode memories. 350 00:23:49,560 --> 00:23:53,359 Speaker 1: Most people are pretty good at this sort of stuff. 351 00:23:53,680 --> 00:23:58,160 Speaker 1: Various factors affect our memory at different junctures, and like 352 00:23:58,359 --> 00:24:01,680 Speaker 1: a lot of other physical faculty tease, memory does seem 353 00:24:01,720 --> 00:24:05,040 Speaker 1: to degrade with age, but we all typically start out 354 00:24:05,200 --> 00:24:08,520 Speaker 1: with a with a pretty sharp ability to recall things. 355 00:24:09,040 --> 00:24:13,480 Speaker 1: If one think that's interesting about how how memory can 356 00:24:13,480 --> 00:24:17,200 Speaker 1: be affected. Every time this great computer called your brain retrieves, 357 00:24:17,240 --> 00:24:21,440 Speaker 1: it goes into I'm thinking about the best way to 358 00:24:21,480 --> 00:24:25,520 Speaker 1: put this. Okay, So we have all probably heard the 359 00:24:25,640 --> 00:24:30,359 Speaker 1: idea of set and setting or seen in setting for 360 00:24:30,520 --> 00:24:35,080 Speaker 1: people who do hallucinogens. Right, if you are already feeling 361 00:24:35,200 --> 00:24:40,080 Speaker 1: anxious and you ingested a hallucinogenic substance in a place 362 00:24:40,160 --> 00:24:42,639 Speaker 1: that is a very stressful environment, you know, or like 363 00:24:42,680 --> 00:24:46,000 Speaker 1: sirens randomly go off and there are four hundred strangers 364 00:24:46,040 --> 00:24:49,120 Speaker 1: you don't know, right, and they all want to get 365 00:24:49,160 --> 00:24:53,639 Speaker 1: in line for the bathroom essentially every outdoor concert ever, whatever, 366 00:24:54,000 --> 00:24:57,760 Speaker 1: then you're going to have a weird time. Memory is 367 00:24:57,880 --> 00:25:03,960 Speaker 1: also vulnerable to the you present physical surroundings that you 368 00:25:04,040 --> 00:25:08,280 Speaker 1: are in when you generate a memory. So if you 369 00:25:08,440 --> 00:25:12,680 Speaker 1: are having a if you are having a great time, 370 00:25:12,720 --> 00:25:16,080 Speaker 1: you're super relaxed. Let's picture it. Um, You're on a 371 00:25:16,160 --> 00:25:20,640 Speaker 1: hot tub and the shore of a beautiful island. It's 372 00:25:20,640 --> 00:25:25,719 Speaker 1: a nice cool ocean breeze, the sun's setting, you're hanging 373 00:25:25,840 --> 00:25:29,000 Speaker 1: with people you like or whatever, you're at peace, get 374 00:25:29,000 --> 00:25:31,280 Speaker 1: a cold, frosty beverage, sitting on the rim of the 375 00:25:31,320 --> 00:25:37,240 Speaker 1: hot tub, whatever, and you remember something that was sad 376 00:25:37,800 --> 00:25:41,879 Speaker 1: or painful or hurtful. The fact that you are in 377 00:25:42,040 --> 00:25:46,520 Speaker 1: a nice, relaxed, secure, comfortable setting when you recall this 378 00:25:47,280 --> 00:25:52,000 Speaker 1: is going to study show or studies seem to indicate 379 00:25:52,000 --> 00:25:58,600 Speaker 1: strongly it's going to help mitigate the psychic trauma of 380 00:25:58,640 --> 00:26:02,440 Speaker 1: that earlier thing. Uh, the stuff that surrounds us in 381 00:26:02,480 --> 00:26:06,720 Speaker 1: the present affects the way we see our past. Yeah, no, 382 00:26:06,920 --> 00:26:09,520 Speaker 1: that I can totally see that. I mean that's why 383 00:26:09,720 --> 00:26:11,960 Speaker 1: if you're going to see a therapist or something, it 384 00:26:12,080 --> 00:26:14,240 Speaker 1: is in that type of setence, setting that is meant 385 00:26:14,280 --> 00:26:18,160 Speaker 1: to be serene right as you're working through some memories 386 00:26:18,200 --> 00:26:20,960 Speaker 1: that are perhaps painful. It makes a lot of sense now, 387 00:26:21,000 --> 00:26:24,920 Speaker 1: I'm I'm thinking all therapists should just have hot tubs. Yeah, 388 00:26:24,920 --> 00:26:27,359 Speaker 1: frosty beverages. I mean, you've been saying that for years. 389 00:26:27,440 --> 00:26:33,480 Speaker 1: Sunset and good to go only sunset night therapy. That 390 00:26:33,520 --> 00:26:39,080 Speaker 1: sounds like a strange show. Maybe on cinemat late night 391 00:26:39,240 --> 00:26:43,720 Speaker 1: HBO or something like that. So so these long term 392 00:26:43,840 --> 00:26:46,640 Speaker 1: memories differ from our short term memories. Are short term 393 00:26:46,640 --> 00:26:50,119 Speaker 1: memories are actually going to be They're going to have 394 00:26:50,160 --> 00:26:53,800 Speaker 1: a higher chance of being accurate, just because our long 395 00:26:53,920 --> 00:26:58,640 Speaker 1: term memories are based on the repetitive intrusion of our 396 00:26:58,720 --> 00:27:02,960 Speaker 1: present scene while we're remembering something. Right, So they get 397 00:27:03,000 --> 00:27:06,720 Speaker 1: a little deluded. We played that game of telephone. But 398 00:27:07,600 --> 00:27:10,200 Speaker 1: there we have it as a very very brief look 399 00:27:10,240 --> 00:27:13,880 Speaker 1: at what human memory is and how it works so 400 00:27:13,920 --> 00:27:17,639 Speaker 1: far as we know. Now, why are we talking about 401 00:27:17,680 --> 00:27:21,439 Speaker 1: this because four hundreds of years people have been trying 402 00:27:21,480 --> 00:27:25,200 Speaker 1: to alter memory in one way or another, whether through 403 00:27:25,240 --> 00:27:28,920 Speaker 1: the propagation of differing historical narratives a k a. Burn 404 00:27:29,000 --> 00:27:33,959 Speaker 1: all the books, uh, censorship, let's get rid of anything 405 00:27:34,359 --> 00:27:38,879 Speaker 1: in that picture at tianamen square right, hypnosis, hypnotic regression, 406 00:27:39,240 --> 00:27:42,200 Speaker 1: brainwashing like that old singing in Star Trek the Next 407 00:27:42,240 --> 00:27:46,240 Speaker 1: Generation where someone is torturing Picard and telling them to, 408 00:27:47,200 --> 00:27:49,840 Speaker 1: you know, see a different number of lights yeah, or 409 00:27:49,880 --> 00:27:51,600 Speaker 1: a pledge of allegiance that you have to say every 410 00:27:51,680 --> 00:27:54,040 Speaker 1: day when you're at school, right, which I bet is 411 00:27:54,160 --> 00:27:56,720 Speaker 1: encoded in your memory too, And also with a little 412 00:27:56,720 --> 00:28:00,399 Speaker 1: bit of cadence, right, Like, like, you can probably site 413 00:28:00,440 --> 00:28:04,040 Speaker 1: the entire alphabet in your native language, but if you 414 00:28:04,160 --> 00:28:07,359 Speaker 1: have a native language that teaches children the alphabet in 415 00:28:07,400 --> 00:28:11,159 Speaker 1: the form of a song, it's kind of it's really 416 00:28:11,200 --> 00:28:15,320 Speaker 1: difficult to do it backwards, right. I still can't because 417 00:28:15,320 --> 00:28:17,360 Speaker 1: we don't know all you know, we don't know all 418 00:28:17,400 --> 00:28:22,240 Speaker 1: the letters independently we know the song. It's like, oh, 419 00:28:22,280 --> 00:28:24,760 Speaker 1: which numbers. H I'll get to it, just give me 420 00:28:24,760 --> 00:28:32,000 Speaker 1: a second. But yeah, So we've we've had this history 421 00:28:32,040 --> 00:28:38,120 Speaker 1: of people attempting to tweak modify revised memory, and we've 422 00:28:38,120 --> 00:28:42,040 Speaker 1: had mixed results. In fact, for most of human history, 423 00:28:42,040 --> 00:28:46,520 Speaker 1: the idea of purposely, surgically and precisely deleting a memory 424 00:28:46,840 --> 00:28:51,000 Speaker 1: seemed relegated to the world of science fiction. But what 425 00:28:51,160 --> 00:28:55,840 Speaker 1: if we could turn it into science fact. Here's where 426 00:28:55,840 --> 00:29:01,320 Speaker 1: it gets crazy. Man. We're all ready delete memories, and 427 00:29:02,040 --> 00:29:04,320 Speaker 1: at least we figured out how to do it. Right. 428 00:29:04,680 --> 00:29:08,960 Speaker 1: That doesn't mean we're we're we're doing it effectively necessarily, 429 00:29:08,960 --> 00:29:13,080 Speaker 1: but some people have been figuring out the means and um. 430 00:29:13,120 --> 00:29:17,160 Speaker 1: There are multiple studies, current and and very recent studies 431 00:29:17,400 --> 00:29:21,280 Speaker 1: that confirm that it is indeed possible to remove a 432 00:29:21,400 --> 00:29:27,520 Speaker 1: specific memory or memories from an individual's brain. That sounds crazy, 433 00:29:27,800 --> 00:29:31,480 Speaker 1: That sounds like eternal sunshine. But it's real, and it 434 00:29:31,640 --> 00:29:34,520 Speaker 1: is crazy. Being real doesn't make it not crazy. I 435 00:29:36,040 --> 00:29:38,640 Speaker 1: agree with you. They're like, Okay, So there's a twenty 436 00:29:38,720 --> 00:29:44,960 Speaker 1: seventeen study from the Columbia University Medical Center on snails. Okay, 437 00:29:45,000 --> 00:29:47,400 Speaker 1: all right, And so they found that different types of 438 00:29:47,440 --> 00:29:52,000 Speaker 1: memories stored in the same neuron of marine snails can 439 00:29:52,040 --> 00:29:57,320 Speaker 1: be selectively erased. Here's the important part without removing the 440 00:29:57,480 --> 00:30:01,160 Speaker 1: other memory. So they can just snip the one out. 441 00:30:02,120 --> 00:30:04,800 Speaker 1: Here's how they did it, and those as reported by 442 00:30:04,800 --> 00:30:10,440 Speaker 1: Science Daily. They stimulated two sensory neurons connected to a 443 00:30:10,520 --> 00:30:15,720 Speaker 1: single motor neuron of the marine snail. One neuron one 444 00:30:15,760 --> 00:30:20,440 Speaker 1: sensory neuron was stimulated to induce an associative memory, something 445 00:30:20,480 --> 00:30:25,760 Speaker 1: that brings up other experiences. Another was stimulated to induce 446 00:30:25,880 --> 00:30:30,960 Speaker 1: a non associative memory. And they found that they could 447 00:30:31,000 --> 00:30:34,560 Speaker 1: measure the strength of each connection. And by measuring the 448 00:30:34,600 --> 00:30:37,960 Speaker 1: strength of each of these snaptic connections, they could find 449 00:30:38,160 --> 00:30:42,160 Speaker 1: the increase in the strength of each connection produced by 450 00:30:42,160 --> 00:30:47,160 Speaker 1: a different stimuli was maintained by a different form of 451 00:30:47,200 --> 00:30:52,800 Speaker 1: a protein called protein kinase m p k M, and 452 00:30:52,840 --> 00:30:56,040 Speaker 1: they have they have a couple. There are two versions 453 00:30:56,080 --> 00:31:00,000 Speaker 1: of this right A side and B side associative memory 454 00:31:00,040 --> 00:31:04,200 Speaker 1: non associative. And they found that if they blocked the 455 00:31:04,320 --> 00:31:09,680 Speaker 1: specific type of p k M molecule involved, they could 456 00:31:09,880 --> 00:31:15,880 Speaker 1: block and erase the memory that needed that that needed 457 00:31:15,880 --> 00:31:20,200 Speaker 1: that enzyme in order to hit the conscious mind. So 458 00:31:20,280 --> 00:31:23,800 Speaker 1: it's all just chemistry. See this to me, just the 459 00:31:23,840 --> 00:31:28,640 Speaker 1: fact that it's being that snails are our subjects to 460 00:31:28,760 --> 00:31:32,360 Speaker 1: try and figure out if a memory can be you know, 461 00:31:32,440 --> 00:31:35,840 Speaker 1: changed or deleted. It definitely brings up questions for me, 462 00:31:36,080 --> 00:31:39,600 Speaker 1: more philosophical questions about the snail. But we do know neurologically, 463 00:31:40,000 --> 00:31:45,320 Speaker 1: those neurons, those the way they're uh, at least if 464 00:31:45,320 --> 00:31:47,520 Speaker 1: you think about a mechanically how it's functioning, it's very 465 00:31:47,560 --> 00:31:51,400 Speaker 1: similar to a humans neurons. There's a you know, there's 466 00:31:51,520 --> 00:31:56,120 Speaker 1: a thing that that remembers a connection that then goes 467 00:31:56,160 --> 00:31:58,200 Speaker 1: to a motor neuron which then will cause you to 468 00:31:58,240 --> 00:32:02,440 Speaker 1: actually do something to pasically change make a physical change 469 00:32:02,560 --> 00:32:04,960 Speaker 1: in your body. And then these two other pieces that 470 00:32:05,000 --> 00:32:08,120 Speaker 1: they're messing with are just the thing that actually holds 471 00:32:08,200 --> 00:32:11,480 Speaker 1: the connection to the memory. So yeah, so they they 472 00:32:11,560 --> 00:32:16,920 Speaker 1: found that not only could you block that recollection, but 473 00:32:17,360 --> 00:32:23,520 Speaker 1: you could erase it by blocking not PKM itself, but 474 00:32:23,600 --> 00:32:26,520 Speaker 1: you could you could erase the memory by blocking other 475 00:32:26,680 --> 00:32:32,640 Speaker 1: molecules that helped produce PKM the enzyme or protect it 476 00:32:32,720 --> 00:32:37,520 Speaker 1: from breaking down, So you can you They not only 477 00:32:37,560 --> 00:32:41,680 Speaker 1: found the switch, they found the stuff that removes or 478 00:32:41,720 --> 00:32:46,520 Speaker 1: installs the switch. Whoa again justin snails, because you have 479 00:32:46,560 --> 00:32:49,800 Speaker 1: to start small so you don't freak people out right, Yeah, 480 00:32:49,840 --> 00:32:52,880 Speaker 1: I guess so, I mean, I get it. The good 481 00:32:52,880 --> 00:32:56,160 Speaker 1: thing here is that this isn't some kind of diabolical 482 00:32:56,280 --> 00:33:00,600 Speaker 1: There's no diabolical reason behind wanting to figure out this is, 483 00:33:01,000 --> 00:33:04,640 Speaker 1: or at least that's not stated UM. According to you know, 484 00:33:05,080 --> 00:33:08,400 Speaker 1: our understanding is that these researchers are doing this study 485 00:33:08,440 --> 00:33:11,440 Speaker 1: to try and find some way to remove non associative 486 00:33:11,480 --> 00:33:15,480 Speaker 1: memories that end up triggering PTSD in people, also any 487 00:33:15,560 --> 00:33:19,680 Speaker 1: kind of anxiety like either in general or otherwise within humans. 488 00:33:20,440 --> 00:33:23,120 Speaker 1: I very much like this. I think many of us 489 00:33:23,200 --> 00:33:28,720 Speaker 1: listening would would could do with this. We would appreciate this, UM. 490 00:33:28,760 --> 00:33:33,000 Speaker 1: But again, the researchers also are very very careful, at 491 00:33:33,040 --> 00:33:37,320 Speaker 1: least according to the sources that we're using. They're very 492 00:33:37,320 --> 00:33:40,600 Speaker 1: careful to say that this is kind of a proof 493 00:33:40,640 --> 00:33:44,240 Speaker 1: of concept, right, a proof of principle, if you will, 494 00:33:44,560 --> 00:33:47,800 Speaker 1: And it's not absolute proof that we can do this 495 00:33:47,880 --> 00:33:51,880 Speaker 1: within humans, right, We're more showing the relationship to cause 496 00:33:51,960 --> 00:33:56,120 Speaker 1: an effect between these molecules. But there are other studies. 497 00:33:56,680 --> 00:33:59,880 Speaker 1: In a study by researchers at the University of California 498 00:34:00,120 --> 00:34:03,760 Speaker 1: from back in they found that light can be used 499 00:34:03,800 --> 00:34:10,239 Speaker 1: to erase specific memories from mice using a technique called optogenetics. Yeah, 500 00:34:10,280 --> 00:34:12,800 Speaker 1: and this is where it's feeling closer and closer to 501 00:34:12,840 --> 00:34:18,319 Speaker 1: the eternal sunshine stuff. Actually using a physical medium to 502 00:34:18,440 --> 00:34:21,200 Speaker 1: change memories, right, And it's not as cool as the 503 00:34:21,840 --> 00:34:25,799 Speaker 1: memory erasing flashlight men in black. Not yet, not yet, 504 00:34:26,080 --> 00:34:30,480 Speaker 1: not yet. So the scientists in this study used genetically 505 00:34:30,560 --> 00:34:34,680 Speaker 1: modified mice as their experiment. In their control groups. Uh, 506 00:34:34,719 --> 00:34:38,880 Speaker 1: the genetically modified mice had nerve cells that would literally 507 00:34:39,000 --> 00:34:43,719 Speaker 1: glow green and express a protein allowing the cells to 508 00:34:43,800 --> 00:34:48,839 Speaker 1: be switched off by light. Light being the mechanism, and 509 00:34:48,920 --> 00:34:54,279 Speaker 1: so this allowed the scientists to trace the path of 510 00:34:54,960 --> 00:34:57,640 Speaker 1: more or less a memory from nerve cells in the 511 00:34:57,680 --> 00:35:00,960 Speaker 1: cortex and hippocampus, and they could see which cells were 512 00:35:01,040 --> 00:35:04,600 Speaker 1: activated in learning something new. They could also see which 513 00:35:04,640 --> 00:35:08,759 Speaker 1: cells turned on when the mouse was remembering something, and 514 00:35:08,760 --> 00:35:11,800 Speaker 1: then they could use a fiber optic cable to switch 515 00:35:11,960 --> 00:35:17,960 Speaker 1: those cells off using light. Yeah, whoa, it sounds so 516 00:35:18,000 --> 00:35:20,760 Speaker 1: sci fi, but this is how they summarize it. Quote. 517 00:35:20,800 --> 00:35:23,240 Speaker 1: They trained the mice by placing them in a cage 518 00:35:23,520 --> 00:35:26,760 Speaker 1: where they got a mild electrical shock. Now, normally mice 519 00:35:26,840 --> 00:35:30,120 Speaker 1: placed in a new environment will nose around and explore, 520 00:35:30,560 --> 00:35:33,560 Speaker 1: but when placed in a cage where they have previously 521 00:35:33,640 --> 00:35:37,960 Speaker 1: received a shock, they freeze in place because it's a 522 00:35:38,080 --> 00:35:43,080 Speaker 1: fear response. Right. Yeah, you can see. You can see 523 00:35:43,120 --> 00:35:46,400 Speaker 1: why it would be illegal to do this with human subjects. 524 00:35:47,480 --> 00:35:50,960 Speaker 1: Because they first showed that they could label the cells 525 00:35:51,000 --> 00:35:55,400 Speaker 1: involved in learning and and later in recollection. Then they 526 00:35:55,400 --> 00:35:59,239 Speaker 1: were able to switch those cells off. So and that, 527 00:35:59,480 --> 00:36:02,160 Speaker 1: and then at the mice back in the place where 528 00:36:02,160 --> 00:36:04,840 Speaker 1: they got shocked, and the mice had no idea because 529 00:36:04,880 --> 00:36:07,200 Speaker 1: they they their memory had been a race, so they 530 00:36:07,239 --> 00:36:09,120 Speaker 1: just knows around like they would if it was just 531 00:36:09,160 --> 00:36:13,000 Speaker 1: another cage. And then they did their homework, you know, 532 00:36:13,280 --> 00:36:17,320 Speaker 1: Methodologically speaking, they kept it hygienic because they were able 533 00:36:17,360 --> 00:36:21,120 Speaker 1: to show that turning off different cells didn't mess with 534 00:36:21,200 --> 00:36:26,080 Speaker 1: the memory at all. Right, So so they did find 535 00:36:26,280 --> 00:36:30,680 Speaker 1: they were able to hunt down the physical manifestation of 536 00:36:30,719 --> 00:36:35,920 Speaker 1: a memory, which is mind blowing. But this is just 537 00:36:36,200 --> 00:36:42,400 Speaker 1: the beginning. We've talked about erasing memories in animals, but 538 00:36:42,480 --> 00:36:46,880 Speaker 1: what about creating memories? What about the memories of human 539 00:36:47,040 --> 00:36:50,840 Speaker 1: beings like you listening along or Matt or Paul or 540 00:36:50,840 --> 00:36:56,000 Speaker 1: so on. Will explore that after a word from our sponsors, 541 00:37:02,880 --> 00:37:05,840 Speaker 1: and we're back. Now this is where we get into 542 00:37:06,760 --> 00:37:13,240 Speaker 1: the real, possibly creepy territory, because we're talking about making 543 00:37:13,360 --> 00:37:17,640 Speaker 1: memories that aren't real, or at least aren't exactly the 544 00:37:17,719 --> 00:37:22,200 Speaker 1: same as they could be altered too. Because sciences, it 545 00:37:22,280 --> 00:37:26,239 Speaker 1: turns out, uh, they're learning that some of the same 546 00:37:26,280 --> 00:37:29,320 Speaker 1: processes that we used or that we can manipulate to 547 00:37:29,440 --> 00:37:35,160 Speaker 1: erase memories can also be used to insert new recollections 548 00:37:35,160 --> 00:37:39,560 Speaker 1: that we haven't actually ever collected. It won't be a recollection, 549 00:37:39,560 --> 00:37:43,759 Speaker 1: it will be a new collection. Let's be a collection. Yeah, 550 00:37:44,040 --> 00:37:47,719 Speaker 1: this is interesting. This came out just a few days ago, 551 00:37:47,800 --> 00:37:54,320 Speaker 1: I think August seven, in the magazine Nature. Scientists published 552 00:37:54,360 --> 00:37:58,160 Speaker 1: a report proving that they have been able to create 553 00:37:58,280 --> 00:38:04,120 Speaker 1: new memories by reverse engineering natural existing memories. And this 554 00:38:04,200 --> 00:38:09,120 Speaker 1: is even weirder than it sounds. Okay, So what they 555 00:38:09,160 --> 00:38:14,520 Speaker 1: did is they took they took one brain, one animal brain, 556 00:38:14,960 --> 00:38:21,200 Speaker 1: and they got a natural memory from it, right, something 557 00:38:21,239 --> 00:38:24,760 Speaker 1: that it would want to avoid, because as you can see, 558 00:38:24,800 --> 00:38:28,960 Speaker 1: they're they're teaching on very primal levels pain response usually. 559 00:38:29,680 --> 00:38:32,920 Speaker 1: And then after they had mapped out the brain circuits, 560 00:38:32,920 --> 00:38:35,640 Speaker 1: involved the switches, the patterns, they had traced the web 561 00:38:35,880 --> 00:38:41,000 Speaker 1: essentially for this specific memory, they quote unquote trained another 562 00:38:41,120 --> 00:38:45,239 Speaker 1: animal by stimulating the brain cells of that animal in 563 00:38:45,280 --> 00:38:50,000 Speaker 1: the pattern of that first memory. This created an artificial 564 00:38:50,040 --> 00:38:54,400 Speaker 1: memory that behaved in the exact same way as the 565 00:38:54,520 --> 00:39:01,000 Speaker 1: naturally occurring one, the same recollection pattern, the same ret mention, everything. 566 00:39:01,440 --> 00:39:05,160 Speaker 1: So the quote from Nature reads this way. And these 567 00:39:05,160 --> 00:39:07,759 Speaker 1: were mice, I should say. In the recent study, the 568 00:39:07,840 --> 00:39:10,719 Speaker 1: natural memory was formed by training mice to associate a 569 00:39:10,760 --> 00:39:14,760 Speaker 1: specific odor, in this case cherry blossoms with a foot shock, 570 00:39:15,040 --> 00:39:18,200 Speaker 1: which they learned to avoid by passing down a rectangular 571 00:39:18,239 --> 00:39:21,680 Speaker 1: test chamber to another end that was infused with a 572 00:39:21,719 --> 00:39:25,800 Speaker 1: different odor, caraway. The caraway scent came from a chemical 573 00:39:25,920 --> 00:39:30,240 Speaker 1: called carbone, while the cherry blossom scent came from another chemical, 574 00:39:30,640 --> 00:39:35,440 Speaker 1: a CD phino. The researchers found that this cherry blossom 575 00:39:35,640 --> 00:39:40,040 Speaker 1: scented chemical activated a specific type of receptor on a 576 00:39:40,160 --> 00:39:45,200 Speaker 1: discrete type of olfactory sensory nerve cell. Again, just like Proust, 577 00:39:46,000 --> 00:39:52,520 Speaker 1: smell is a primary um primary medium for the encoding 578 00:39:52,640 --> 00:39:55,760 Speaker 1: of memory. If you think about it from an evolutionary perspective, 579 00:39:55,800 --> 00:39:59,839 Speaker 1: it makes total sense, as most animals over time used 580 00:40:00,239 --> 00:40:03,799 Speaker 1: the scent, the sense of scent to to find their way, 581 00:40:03,960 --> 00:40:09,080 Speaker 1: the sense of sense to their mate, to know like everything, 582 00:40:09,640 --> 00:40:15,760 Speaker 1: and that still happens now, right, So like that earlier study, 583 00:40:16,040 --> 00:40:22,120 Speaker 1: these scientists used optogenetics to activate those old factory nerve cells. 584 00:40:22,160 --> 00:40:26,359 Speaker 1: And what they found, of course, this is surgically implanted 585 00:40:26,560 --> 00:40:30,319 Speaker 1: fiber optic cable in in their heads. It's not like 586 00:40:30,360 --> 00:40:33,960 Speaker 1: they're waving a flashlight up. The whole thing sounds barbaric 587 00:40:34,040 --> 00:40:37,280 Speaker 1: when you think about all the shocking and the inserted cables, 588 00:40:37,280 --> 00:40:40,720 Speaker 1: but let's continue. But it's for science, that's right. So, 589 00:40:40,719 --> 00:40:46,399 Speaker 1: so what they found is that they could replicate this 590 00:40:46,480 --> 00:40:50,800 Speaker 1: memory pattern in another mouse and that mouse would behave 591 00:40:50,880 --> 00:40:55,160 Speaker 1: as though it had personally experienced this earlier foot shock 592 00:40:55,440 --> 00:40:58,480 Speaker 1: just from the scent, just from the scent would help 593 00:40:58,560 --> 00:41:02,440 Speaker 1: trigger the memory. Uh So they have a little bit 594 00:41:02,480 --> 00:41:08,919 Speaker 1: of insurance here because it would you know it, technically, theoretically, 595 00:41:08,920 --> 00:41:12,759 Speaker 1: it would be possible just to use that experience of 596 00:41:13,000 --> 00:41:17,680 Speaker 1: pain of shock to make a transferable memory, but doubling 597 00:41:17,680 --> 00:41:22,719 Speaker 1: down by activating olfactory sensations. You know, that's pretty much 598 00:41:22,760 --> 00:41:28,280 Speaker 1: what they're studying there. That implies a lot of stuff, 599 00:41:28,440 --> 00:41:32,120 Speaker 1: potentially not all of it good. I know, I know, 600 00:41:32,200 --> 00:41:36,560 Speaker 1: we're supposed to be very positive and extol the benefits 601 00:41:36,800 --> 00:41:40,280 Speaker 1: that this could pose for people suffering from very real, 602 00:41:41,200 --> 00:41:47,000 Speaker 1: very torturous conditions like PTSD or generalized anxiety. But that's 603 00:41:47,040 --> 00:41:51,000 Speaker 1: not where It's not like fire can fire can warm you, 604 00:41:51,120 --> 00:41:54,640 Speaker 1: it can also burn down your house. Technology has never 605 00:41:54,760 --> 00:42:00,080 Speaker 1: come with any sort of inherent ethical mandate. I U, 606 00:42:00,719 --> 00:42:03,680 Speaker 1: I don't know. You know why I'm I'm so boxing 607 00:42:03,719 --> 00:42:05,879 Speaker 1: a little bit about this matter is because, of course 608 00:42:06,000 --> 00:42:09,560 Speaker 1: DARPA has entered the game. Of course, of course they 609 00:42:09,560 --> 00:42:12,960 Speaker 1: were in this game before they even announced it. I'm 610 00:42:13,000 --> 00:42:16,719 Speaker 1: telling you, um, really that shouldn't surprise any of us. 611 00:42:16,800 --> 00:42:19,920 Speaker 1: The DARPA was like raising their hand going will we'd 612 00:42:19,960 --> 00:42:25,520 Speaker 1: like to be involved because researchers associated with DARPA created 613 00:42:25,560 --> 00:42:31,360 Speaker 1: this thing. It's a prosthetic to allow for better memory. Recall, Yeah, 614 00:42:31,440 --> 00:42:37,080 Speaker 1: the march towards super soldierdom continues. This is incredible. They're 615 00:42:37,160 --> 00:42:40,880 Speaker 1: describing it as a prosthetic and in the trial they conducted, 616 00:42:41,200 --> 00:42:44,400 Speaker 1: they showed a thirty five pc improvement in both short 617 00:42:44,520 --> 00:42:50,279 Speaker 1: and long term retention of visual information. Couple this with 618 00:42:50,360 --> 00:42:53,960 Speaker 1: the drugs that mean people don't have to sleep. Couple 619 00:42:54,040 --> 00:42:58,840 Speaker 1: this with you know, the genetic research going going into 620 00:42:58,920 --> 00:43:04,719 Speaker 1: the idea of giving people, you know, unbreakable bones, incredible 621 00:43:05,680 --> 00:43:10,600 Speaker 1: b m I naturally that kind of stuff we're we're building, uh, 622 00:43:10,880 --> 00:43:14,560 Speaker 1: potentially super people. Of course, you know, I'm being a 623 00:43:14,560 --> 00:43:17,319 Speaker 1: little bit alarmist because all of these things are kind 624 00:43:17,360 --> 00:43:21,440 Speaker 1: of siloed, like the I think most of the people 625 00:43:21,480 --> 00:43:24,759 Speaker 1: who are working with DARPA money are just trying to 626 00:43:25,000 --> 00:43:28,400 Speaker 1: prove their one very specific thing. Yeah, but once you 627 00:43:28,520 --> 00:43:33,600 Speaker 1: vulture on that stuff, the future looks bright for very few. 628 00:43:34,840 --> 00:43:38,920 Speaker 1: Uh So we also know, since we're speaking about humans, 629 00:43:38,960 --> 00:43:42,480 Speaker 1: we know tal as old as times, certain drugs can 630 00:43:42,920 --> 00:43:47,600 Speaker 1: and can impair or hinder memory. Right, if someone drinks 631 00:43:47,600 --> 00:43:51,239 Speaker 1: too much, they may not remember the entirety of what 632 00:43:51,320 --> 00:43:55,960 Speaker 1: they did while they were drinking. If someone is using uh, 633 00:43:56,160 --> 00:43:59,880 Speaker 1: certain narcotics or something that will also impair their memory, 634 00:44:00,520 --> 00:44:05,640 Speaker 1: or some herbal supplements, yes, some herbal supplements cough cough coff, 635 00:44:06,280 --> 00:44:08,920 Speaker 1: but what about how far does that go? Are there 636 00:44:08,960 --> 00:44:14,399 Speaker 1: any drugs that are specifically designed to erase entire experiences 637 00:44:14,640 --> 00:44:17,520 Speaker 1: while And this is the tricky part, This is the 638 00:44:17,560 --> 00:44:22,520 Speaker 1: part that herbal substances cough cough, narcotics and alcohol don't do. 639 00:44:23,640 --> 00:44:27,840 Speaker 1: When they remove memories, they remove like entire periods of memories. 640 00:44:28,160 --> 00:44:32,319 Speaker 1: What if there was a way to reach into the 641 00:44:32,480 --> 00:44:37,879 Speaker 1: Jenga Tower of human memory and steal entire floors without 642 00:44:37,960 --> 00:44:42,640 Speaker 1: toppling the tower. That would be getting us into fully 643 00:44:42,840 --> 00:44:49,640 Speaker 1: eternal sunshine territory, right, like removing a single person from 644 00:44:49,680 --> 00:44:55,040 Speaker 1: your memory inside the Jenga tower that is your memories, right, 645 00:44:55,800 --> 00:45:03,360 Speaker 1: uh yeah, yeah, a real life eternal sunshine. And we 646 00:45:03,480 --> 00:45:07,600 Speaker 1: have another report here, this time it's from Scientific American 647 00:45:08,400 --> 00:45:12,799 Speaker 1: and quote neuroscientists at McGill University and collaborators have just 648 00:45:12,960 --> 00:45:18,320 Speaker 1: reported in Molecular Pain, of which is a scientific journal 649 00:45:18,480 --> 00:45:21,279 Speaker 1: not a really great name for like an early two 650 00:45:21,320 --> 00:45:26,600 Speaker 1: thousand tip up. It certainly sounds like both, but they've 651 00:45:26,640 --> 00:45:30,600 Speaker 1: stated that the chemical with the evocative acronym ZIP ZILP. 652 00:45:30,719 --> 00:45:33,960 Speaker 1: That's z I P, not ZIP recruiter, Nope, but do 653 00:45:34,440 --> 00:45:37,759 Speaker 1: use them if you need to hire ZIP can selectively 654 00:45:37,800 --> 00:45:41,840 Speaker 1: wipe out the nervous system's memory of the chronic aches 655 00:45:41,880 --> 00:45:45,239 Speaker 1: and pains that plague about one in four North Americans, 656 00:45:45,600 --> 00:45:52,120 Speaker 1: apparently leaving other memories intact. Now, that's incredible, removing the 657 00:45:52,320 --> 00:45:59,960 Speaker 1: memory of chronic pain. It makes you wonder because, again 658 00:46:00,200 --> 00:46:02,560 Speaker 1: I've said this before, my back hurts. It always hurts 659 00:46:04,200 --> 00:46:06,799 Speaker 1: if I if I don't remember that it hurts. Is 660 00:46:06,800 --> 00:46:09,200 Speaker 1: that what we're talking about here? It'll just be a 661 00:46:09,280 --> 00:46:13,839 Speaker 1: brand new day of pain. Like oh that that does hurt. 662 00:46:14,000 --> 00:46:17,960 Speaker 1: That's weird. It will be your first time every every time. 663 00:46:18,480 --> 00:46:21,360 Speaker 1: That's what I've always wanted, as you've always wanted, brand 664 00:46:21,360 --> 00:46:24,839 Speaker 1: new back pain. I'm tired of the same old back pain. Yeah. 665 00:46:24,920 --> 00:46:30,439 Speaker 1: ZIP is the street name for something called zeta inhibitory peptide. 666 00:46:31,280 --> 00:46:36,200 Speaker 1: This inhibits the memory preserving enzymes. Who mentioned before, p 667 00:46:36,360 --> 00:46:39,520 Speaker 1: k M's right, So this is p k M Zeta. 668 00:46:40,160 --> 00:46:43,680 Speaker 1: We don't know enough to determine exactly where this stuff 669 00:46:43,719 --> 00:46:48,080 Speaker 1: should be applied. We do know that it definitely works. 670 00:46:48,440 --> 00:46:52,959 Speaker 1: So this puts us a very strange, very strange crossroads. 671 00:46:54,320 --> 00:46:59,080 Speaker 1: Here's what would happen if you applied it now. It 672 00:46:59,080 --> 00:47:01,080 Speaker 1: would have to be in je did directly into your 673 00:47:01,080 --> 00:47:04,600 Speaker 1: spinal cord. Is done over the counter tablet and probably 674 00:47:04,600 --> 00:47:09,240 Speaker 1: never will be. Uh. And if someone did that today, 675 00:47:09,520 --> 00:47:14,560 Speaker 1: injected some of this zip up into your spine, we 676 00:47:14,640 --> 00:47:17,120 Speaker 1: don't know. We know it would erase some stuff. We 677 00:47:17,280 --> 00:47:22,120 Speaker 1: just don't know what you might say? Oh, okay, eternal 678 00:47:22,160 --> 00:47:27,400 Speaker 1: sunshine style. I no longer have to remember this breakup 679 00:47:27,480 --> 00:47:30,560 Speaker 1: that has riddled my life with regrets which you know 680 00:47:30,640 --> 00:47:34,280 Speaker 1: not to get too personal. I'm sure everybody has personally 681 00:47:34,280 --> 00:47:36,799 Speaker 1: experienced that or know someone who has. You can see 682 00:47:36,800 --> 00:47:39,120 Speaker 1: why you would want that to go away. But you're 683 00:47:39,280 --> 00:47:42,160 Speaker 1: rolling the dice in a game that no one knows 684 00:47:42,200 --> 00:47:46,080 Speaker 1: the rules for you. Might you might remove that break up. Sure, 685 00:47:46,360 --> 00:47:49,680 Speaker 1: you might also remove the memories of your parents and 686 00:47:50,000 --> 00:47:53,480 Speaker 1: your entire family along with it. You'd begin mistaking your 687 00:47:53,520 --> 00:47:58,719 Speaker 1: wife for a hat. Yes, yes, exactly. And I think 688 00:47:58,760 --> 00:48:03,960 Speaker 1: I mentioned earlier the idea of talking about an inexplicable memory. 689 00:48:04,000 --> 00:48:05,680 Speaker 1: I want to share this and see if we all 690 00:48:05,800 --> 00:48:10,520 Speaker 1: have things like this, um, and you know, you might 691 00:48:10,560 --> 00:48:13,920 Speaker 1: surprise yourself when you find that that you have a 692 00:48:14,000 --> 00:48:22,120 Speaker 1: similar thing. I have memories that I know logically could 693 00:48:22,160 --> 00:48:26,120 Speaker 1: not have well, I don't understand how they would have occurred. 694 00:48:26,560 --> 00:48:29,960 Speaker 1: So one of my earliest memories is being on the 695 00:48:30,040 --> 00:48:35,480 Speaker 1: second floor of a church window or something like that, 696 00:48:35,960 --> 00:48:40,759 Speaker 1: looking down, uh, and there's very bright green grass. There 697 00:48:40,920 --> 00:48:44,440 Speaker 1: is a police car with the sirens on, parked on 698 00:48:44,480 --> 00:48:48,160 Speaker 1: the grass, and there is a white bed by the 699 00:48:48,200 --> 00:48:53,840 Speaker 1: window with handcuffs and like blood on the bedsheets. HAVE 700 00:48:54,000 --> 00:48:58,640 Speaker 1: had this memory ever since I was a kid, So holy, right, 701 00:48:58,719 --> 00:49:01,560 Speaker 1: so it's got to be it's surely the logic lance 702 00:49:01,600 --> 00:49:04,120 Speaker 1: would be, this is something I saw on television right 703 00:49:04,160 --> 00:49:06,720 Speaker 1: when I was a wee tyke, maybe before words something 704 00:49:06,800 --> 00:49:09,719 Speaker 1: like that. Maybe, But I think we all have those 705 00:49:09,719 --> 00:49:14,160 Speaker 1: sensations or those those sort of tableaus, right that we 706 00:49:14,160 --> 00:49:16,319 Speaker 1: we think like this is a very vivid image for me, 707 00:49:16,760 --> 00:49:19,040 Speaker 1: but I don't know where it's where it's from. I 708 00:49:19,080 --> 00:49:22,399 Speaker 1: have one like that, similarly, in a church with a 709 00:49:22,440 --> 00:49:26,000 Speaker 1: tornado warning of some sort or a sirens going off 710 00:49:26,440 --> 00:49:29,800 Speaker 1: and having to duck down and hide in a darkened 711 00:49:29,880 --> 00:49:34,319 Speaker 1: room while the sounds of a train go by. But 712 00:49:34,640 --> 00:49:36,879 Speaker 1: when I've recalled this to my mother, because it's such 713 00:49:36,920 --> 00:49:40,440 Speaker 1: a vivid memory of mine, sure she doesn't. She's not 714 00:49:40,600 --> 00:49:44,799 Speaker 1: exactly sure where when that would have occurred, or which 715 00:49:44,880 --> 00:49:47,880 Speaker 1: church or anything like that. And it's kind of similar 716 00:49:47,880 --> 00:49:50,760 Speaker 1: in the way that I don't know if it actually happened. 717 00:49:50,920 --> 00:49:54,520 Speaker 1: Did we get mindwiped? I don't know. That's the problem 718 00:49:54,560 --> 00:49:57,480 Speaker 1: with this. Let us know about your your strange memories too, 719 00:49:57,560 --> 00:50:01,080 Speaker 1: because for the first time in human history, at least 720 00:50:01,080 --> 00:50:03,759 Speaker 1: that we can recall, we are on the verge of 721 00:50:03,880 --> 00:50:09,640 Speaker 1: artificially controlling the individual perception of the past. We have 722 00:50:09,719 --> 00:50:13,120 Speaker 1: been making attempts as a species to control the collective 723 00:50:13,560 --> 00:50:17,359 Speaker 1: perception of the past, but now we can open up 724 00:50:17,360 --> 00:50:20,040 Speaker 1: the hood of every individual mind and start to tinker 725 00:50:20,120 --> 00:50:22,120 Speaker 1: with it. We're close to doing that. And here's where 726 00:50:22,120 --> 00:50:25,600 Speaker 1: the conversation gets sticky, because, yes, as you said, Matt, 727 00:50:26,320 --> 00:50:29,480 Speaker 1: the obvious hope is this can be used to remove 728 00:50:29,560 --> 00:50:35,160 Speaker 1: painful traumatic experiences that trigger anxiety panic PTSD, but also 729 00:50:36,120 --> 00:50:39,840 Speaker 1: the same technology could possibly be used to non consensually 730 00:50:40,560 --> 00:50:45,480 Speaker 1: remove memories. That's the m I style rights right or whatever. 731 00:50:45,680 --> 00:50:48,279 Speaker 1: Happened to us at that church. That's crazy. I had 732 00:50:48,320 --> 00:50:51,120 Speaker 1: no idea that you had a similar memory. But like, what, 733 00:50:51,120 --> 00:50:55,040 Speaker 1: what are some examples beyond PTSD about how this stuff 734 00:50:55,080 --> 00:50:57,960 Speaker 1: could be used? Well, imagine that you're living in a 735 00:50:58,000 --> 00:51:01,920 Speaker 1: country with some kind of author terryan rule. Right, maybe 736 00:51:01,960 --> 00:51:04,800 Speaker 1: you don't agree with those people who are running the country, 737 00:51:04,840 --> 00:51:08,480 Speaker 1: so you'd be considered a dissident um. Now imagine that 738 00:51:08,719 --> 00:51:12,040 Speaker 1: within this country, you end up being detained and you 739 00:51:12,120 --> 00:51:14,680 Speaker 1: don't really recall exactly what happens. But let's say you 740 00:51:14,719 --> 00:51:16,839 Speaker 1: black out for one reason or another and you wake 741 00:51:16,960 --> 00:51:21,160 Speaker 1: up hours later, and you can't remember all of the 742 00:51:21,200 --> 00:51:26,040 Speaker 1: things that your government, this authoritarian regime doesn't want you 743 00:51:26,120 --> 00:51:29,840 Speaker 1: to remember. You remember your family, remember that you have 744 00:51:29,880 --> 00:51:32,719 Speaker 1: a job that you're going to every day. But for 745 00:51:32,760 --> 00:51:36,719 Speaker 1: some reason, you just feel calm, like everything's okay. Or 746 00:51:36,760 --> 00:51:40,560 Speaker 1: maybe you even have a different memory implanted. Uh, and 747 00:51:40,640 --> 00:51:45,200 Speaker 1: your memory is about how good it felt to you know, 748 00:51:45,360 --> 00:51:49,799 Speaker 1: say the pledge, which sounds like sci fi territory, but 749 00:51:49,880 --> 00:51:52,840 Speaker 1: you know, it wasn't so long ago that the idea 750 00:51:52,880 --> 00:51:55,920 Speaker 1: of a racing memories sounded like sci fi. And then 751 00:51:55,960 --> 00:52:02,280 Speaker 1: imagine that process occurring in mass right, not just one person. Yeah, 752 00:52:02,400 --> 00:52:05,080 Speaker 1: and you know, here's another one. Imagine this is a 753 00:52:05,080 --> 00:52:08,360 Speaker 1: little bit less less sinister, maybe because this this could 754 00:52:08,360 --> 00:52:13,120 Speaker 1: be legal at some point. Imagine you work with an organization, 755 00:52:13,680 --> 00:52:19,319 Speaker 1: whether state or private, that requires you to handle proprietary information, 756 00:52:20,440 --> 00:52:26,000 Speaker 1: uh sensitive documents, top secret, compartmentalized, your eyes only stuff, 757 00:52:26,800 --> 00:52:30,360 Speaker 1: and then part of your contract says that when you retire, 758 00:52:30,560 --> 00:52:36,840 Speaker 1: you leave your job, that set of memories gets wiped. Dude, 759 00:52:37,520 --> 00:52:40,520 Speaker 1: Imagine if it's just a short term contractor position with 760 00:52:40,640 --> 00:52:45,359 Speaker 1: something like groom Lake or where you only work for 761 00:52:45,400 --> 00:52:47,160 Speaker 1: six months and then you get wiped, and then you 762 00:52:47,239 --> 00:52:50,640 Speaker 1: wake up with you know, thousands, hundreds of thousands of 763 00:52:50,680 --> 00:52:54,640 Speaker 1: dollars in your bank account and a very vague letter 764 00:52:55,360 --> 00:52:59,120 Speaker 1: thanking you, a warning you from some front company. You'd 765 00:52:59,120 --> 00:53:03,120 Speaker 1: certainly prevent the next babbos are Yeah, quite possibly. And 766 00:53:03,160 --> 00:53:06,520 Speaker 1: also again to be completely fair, this is this is 767 00:53:06,560 --> 00:53:13,440 Speaker 1: spitballing and speculation. We there, Yeah, but again I don't 768 00:53:13,440 --> 00:53:16,480 Speaker 1: think any of these are that much of a stretch. Yeah, 769 00:53:16,520 --> 00:53:19,080 Speaker 1: but there's just so much more that would have to 770 00:53:19,160 --> 00:53:22,440 Speaker 1: happen with the science of it. Very true, We're still 771 00:53:22,520 --> 00:53:26,400 Speaker 1: unless the technology already existed, as some of them successfully suppressed. 772 00:53:26,719 --> 00:53:30,920 Speaker 1: We're still very far away from these things, but now 773 00:53:30,960 --> 00:53:33,920 Speaker 1: they are possible, if not plausible. Yeah, I mean it's 774 00:53:34,040 --> 00:53:36,520 Speaker 1: very much a black mirror style, like we can kind 775 00:53:36,520 --> 00:53:38,680 Speaker 1: of see this occurring, or these would be how it 776 00:53:38,719 --> 00:53:40,640 Speaker 1: would These are a lot of the things we can 777 00:53:40,680 --> 00:53:44,399 Speaker 1: imagine it being used for. And here's another one. This 778 00:53:44,440 --> 00:53:46,360 Speaker 1: one I think will be exciting to some of the 779 00:53:46,480 --> 00:53:50,200 Speaker 1: entrepreneurs in our audience today. Imagine a world where you 780 00:53:50,239 --> 00:53:57,360 Speaker 1: can pay to recreationally experience the memories of other people. 781 00:53:58,200 --> 00:54:01,520 Speaker 1: M So, let's say it's other thing Disney gets involved in. 782 00:54:01,840 --> 00:54:08,640 Speaker 1: They map out the memories of historic moments as as 783 00:54:08,719 --> 00:54:13,200 Speaker 1: experienced by firsthand witnesses. They get like someone who's landed 784 00:54:13,239 --> 00:54:16,920 Speaker 1: on the moon, the doctor Rendezvous memories. Yeah, they get 785 00:54:16,920 --> 00:54:20,359 Speaker 1: doctor buzz Rendezvous memory of landing on the moon. They 786 00:54:20,440 --> 00:54:25,520 Speaker 1: map it out, and now you can pay whomever for 787 00:54:25,560 --> 00:54:28,160 Speaker 1: them to implant that memory in your head so that 788 00:54:28,360 --> 00:54:31,880 Speaker 1: you get the first hand experience of doing that. You 789 00:54:31,920 --> 00:54:37,080 Speaker 1: can also live vicariously and do you know, philosophically, it's 790 00:54:37,080 --> 00:54:39,640 Speaker 1: it's almost the same as doing it yourself, right to 791 00:54:39,719 --> 00:54:43,200 Speaker 1: have the first hand memory, so you could participate in 792 00:54:43,360 --> 00:54:46,919 Speaker 1: crimes that you are not legally culpable for it because 793 00:54:46,920 --> 00:54:49,880 Speaker 1: they already happened. That's what it feels like to a bank, 794 00:54:50,080 --> 00:54:52,160 Speaker 1: That's what yeah, exactly, that's what it feels like to 795 00:54:52,280 --> 00:54:57,640 Speaker 1: rob a bank or something terrible things for other stuff too, right, 796 00:54:57,800 --> 00:55:01,040 Speaker 1: And then if the memory becomes inconvenient, just have it removed. 797 00:55:01,320 --> 00:55:03,400 Speaker 1: And given that we would be talking about a private 798 00:55:03,520 --> 00:55:07,239 Speaker 1: entity selling this stuff, I bet there would be a 799 00:55:07,239 --> 00:55:09,640 Speaker 1: lot of money spent on figuring out how to make 800 00:55:09,640 --> 00:55:13,440 Speaker 1: the memory implant temporary, because you want to sell a 801 00:55:13,520 --> 00:55:17,640 Speaker 1: service now, right, not a product, so it would eventually degrade. 802 00:55:17,719 --> 00:55:20,719 Speaker 1: But then also to end on a positive note, is 803 00:55:20,800 --> 00:55:24,680 Speaker 1: one I am personally excited about. Imagine the potential for learning. 804 00:55:25,160 --> 00:55:30,520 Speaker 1: One day we might be able to encode knowledge sets. Right. 805 00:55:30,760 --> 00:55:34,200 Speaker 1: That's that's full on matrix stuff right there, exactly. It's 806 00:55:34,239 --> 00:55:37,120 Speaker 1: not that far from neo. Right. You can wake up 807 00:55:37,160 --> 00:55:39,719 Speaker 1: being able to play a piano, speak a new language, 808 00:55:41,239 --> 00:55:45,080 Speaker 1: kung fu. Maybe you're in a plane that's going down 809 00:55:45,280 --> 00:55:48,520 Speaker 1: and you're you're talking to the air traffic control and 810 00:55:48,520 --> 00:55:52,480 Speaker 1: they say, okay, break open the glass door by the 811 00:55:53,160 --> 00:55:57,600 Speaker 1: by the cockpit hallway and inject yourself with this thing. 812 00:55:58,160 --> 00:56:00,400 Speaker 1: And then you know, just lay out to play because 813 00:56:00,400 --> 00:56:03,400 Speaker 1: now you know how to land the plane. Uh, you know, 814 00:56:03,480 --> 00:56:05,959 Speaker 1: we're we're very far away from that and we don't 815 00:56:06,040 --> 00:56:10,560 Speaker 1: know whether we'll ever reach that level of sophistication. But 816 00:56:10,640 --> 00:56:15,920 Speaker 1: the truth is this is potentially an enormous tool for 817 00:56:16,800 --> 00:56:19,040 Speaker 1: people who have stuff they don't want you to know 818 00:56:19,480 --> 00:56:21,600 Speaker 1: that they may be able to use it sooner than 819 00:56:21,640 --> 00:56:25,680 Speaker 1: you think. Wow, it's really intense and just too for 820 00:56:25,880 --> 00:56:29,839 Speaker 1: my own uh for my own happiness. Here, I can 821 00:56:29,880 --> 00:56:34,240 Speaker 1: imagine if you combined a bit of a controversial technique, 822 00:56:34,239 --> 00:56:38,759 Speaker 1: which would be hypnotic regression, but maybe even take regression out. 823 00:56:39,040 --> 00:56:44,680 Speaker 1: If you combined some kind of therapeutic counseling session with 824 00:56:44,760 --> 00:56:47,960 Speaker 1: some of these peptides, with some of the drugs and 825 00:56:48,000 --> 00:56:50,440 Speaker 1: the enzymes that we're talking about with ZIP and these things, 826 00:56:50,960 --> 00:56:54,879 Speaker 1: and to affect p k M. Imagine if you were 827 00:56:54,920 --> 00:56:58,440 Speaker 1: given a dose of something that was going to erase 828 00:56:59,200 --> 00:57:01,719 Speaker 1: the things that you think about for the next ten 829 00:57:01,800 --> 00:57:06,040 Speaker 1: minutes to thirty minutes. Then you have a guided counseling 830 00:57:06,080 --> 00:57:09,200 Speaker 1: session that walks you through the first time you saw 831 00:57:09,280 --> 00:57:12,400 Speaker 1: your current partner, the first like the way they smell, 832 00:57:13,120 --> 00:57:15,680 Speaker 1: walks you through all of that stuff. As this enzyme 833 00:57:15,719 --> 00:57:19,160 Speaker 1: or whatever it is, is actually degrading all of those 834 00:57:19,600 --> 00:57:21,920 Speaker 1: connections that you do it like three, you know, to 835 00:57:22,040 --> 00:57:24,760 Speaker 1: ten times in a row, and then eventually it's just gone. 836 00:57:25,440 --> 00:57:28,600 Speaker 1: I don't know. There's there's the I see what you're saying. 837 00:57:28,640 --> 00:57:32,880 Speaker 1: There's also this question though, and of course, uh, this 838 00:57:33,000 --> 00:57:37,560 Speaker 1: changes person to person, but there's always this question what 839 00:57:37,720 --> 00:57:41,960 Speaker 1: makes us us? A lot of people who are maybe 840 00:57:42,200 --> 00:57:46,680 Speaker 1: less on the spiritual side will say you are, we are, 841 00:57:46,960 --> 00:57:50,560 Speaker 1: or every person is the some of their own experiences 842 00:57:51,160 --> 00:57:55,000 Speaker 1: and their own synthesis and understanding of those experiences. Right. 843 00:57:55,480 --> 00:57:58,919 Speaker 1: What I'm getting at here, and I need to find 844 00:57:58,920 --> 00:58:01,800 Speaker 1: more articulate ways to think of this. I'm getting at 845 00:58:02,000 --> 00:58:07,040 Speaker 1: is the question of threshold. How many unsavory or unwanted 846 00:58:07,080 --> 00:58:11,439 Speaker 1: memories can we remove before it begins to affect core 847 00:58:11,520 --> 00:58:16,800 Speaker 1: components like personality. It's a great question. I'm gonna say, 848 00:58:16,840 --> 00:58:19,880 Speaker 1: around fifty let's go you know what, Let's go for it. 849 00:58:20,000 --> 00:58:23,920 Speaker 1: Let's let's get past the mice, get straight to the people. 850 00:58:24,440 --> 00:58:28,520 Speaker 1: Let's do some experiments. But in all seriousness, if if 851 00:58:28,560 --> 00:58:32,560 Speaker 1: any of the the technologies and the experiments happening right now, 852 00:58:32,840 --> 00:58:36,320 Speaker 1: if any of it comes to full fruition. UM, And 853 00:58:36,360 --> 00:58:39,120 Speaker 1: this is only projecting just from my own experience, but 854 00:58:39,280 --> 00:58:42,920 Speaker 1: I can only imagine a lot of service men and women, 855 00:58:43,120 --> 00:58:46,439 Speaker 1: people who have served in militaries, people who have been 856 00:58:46,480 --> 00:58:53,200 Speaker 1: through traumatic experiences. UM, would really appreciate it, instand to 857 00:58:53,280 --> 00:58:55,320 Speaker 1: benefit from a lot of this stuff if you could 858 00:58:55,320 --> 00:58:57,720 Speaker 1: do it in a safe way. I really feel like 859 00:58:57,760 --> 00:59:02,200 Speaker 1: this could be incredible. And memorys are you know? As 860 00:59:02,640 --> 00:59:06,720 Speaker 1: as they say, memories are one of the most important 861 00:59:06,760 --> 00:59:12,280 Speaker 1: things a person has. Memories, at least up until now, 862 00:59:13,000 --> 00:59:15,720 Speaker 1: where one of the only things a person could possess 863 00:59:15,840 --> 00:59:19,400 Speaker 1: that could never be taken away from them. Memories and 864 00:59:19,960 --> 00:59:24,680 Speaker 1: loose diamonds. Memories and bags of loose diamonds. Thank you 865 00:59:24,800 --> 00:59:27,280 Speaker 1: so much for tuning in, folks. We hope that you've 866 00:59:27,320 --> 00:59:31,720 Speaker 1: found you found this as fascinating as we did, and 867 00:59:31,760 --> 00:59:36,200 Speaker 1: we hope that you find the possible ethical concerns and 868 00:59:36,280 --> 00:59:41,520 Speaker 1: possible consequences as thought provoking and potentially disturbing as we 869 00:59:41,600 --> 00:59:46,160 Speaker 1: have found them today. We want to hear what you think. 870 00:59:46,760 --> 00:59:49,439 Speaker 1: Should we live in a world where people can sell 871 00:59:49,560 --> 00:59:52,920 Speaker 1: the memories of others directly into someone's brain. Should we 872 00:59:53,000 --> 00:59:56,200 Speaker 1: live in a world where you can take away the 873 00:59:56,240 --> 01:00:01,560 Speaker 1: pain that a particular memory gives you. And if we 874 01:00:01,600 --> 01:00:04,680 Speaker 1: live in a world where that technology is possible, what 875 01:00:04,920 --> 01:00:10,600 Speaker 1: is to stop other groups, organizations, institutions, or entities from 876 01:00:10,640 --> 01:00:17,200 Speaker 1: non consensually removing or implanting memories that jibe with their 877 01:00:17,240 --> 01:00:21,680 Speaker 1: with their desired pattern of the world. Wow, right to us. 878 01:00:21,760 --> 01:00:25,040 Speaker 1: You can find us on social We're at conspiracy stuff 879 01:00:25,040 --> 01:00:29,439 Speaker 1: in most places, at conspiracy stuff on Instagram. Yeah, Ben, 880 01:00:29,480 --> 01:00:32,800 Speaker 1: what is your personal Instagram? You can find me getting 881 01:00:33,000 --> 01:00:35,680 Speaker 1: kicked into and out of all sorts of places on 882 01:00:35,760 --> 01:00:39,440 Speaker 1: my Instagram named in a burst of creativity at Ben Bolan. 883 01:00:39,960 --> 01:00:43,720 Speaker 1: Most definitely in Japan. There's some Japan stuff in there, 884 01:00:44,360 --> 01:00:47,960 Speaker 1: a lot of it. I did erase some of it, 885 01:00:48,440 --> 01:00:51,280 Speaker 1: some of it is still around. Yeah, there are memories 886 01:00:51,320 --> 01:00:55,400 Speaker 1: of Japan floating out there in the in the ether. Alright, 887 01:00:55,480 --> 01:00:58,120 Speaker 1: so uh check that stuff out. You can find us 888 01:00:58,120 --> 01:01:01,400 Speaker 1: on Facebook, join our group. Here's where it gets crazy, 889 01:01:01,400 --> 01:01:04,840 Speaker 1: where you can talk with all of the conspiracy realists 890 01:01:04,840 --> 01:01:06,600 Speaker 1: out there who have been listening to this. You can 891 01:01:06,640 --> 01:01:09,880 Speaker 1: have discussions with them and with us. Sometimes it just depends. 892 01:01:10,080 --> 01:01:12,480 Speaker 1: You can see me insisting that Matt Frederick is the 893 01:01:12,480 --> 01:01:15,200 Speaker 1: Tom Hanks of how stuff works did you see that threat? No? 894 01:01:15,360 --> 01:01:19,240 Speaker 1: I did not. He's also the I don't even know 895 01:01:19,280 --> 01:01:21,480 Speaker 1: if you I don't know what the equivalent is, the 896 01:01:21,520 --> 01:01:24,919 Speaker 1: guy that's never there. He's always around, but he's never 897 01:01:24,960 --> 01:01:29,840 Speaker 1: there on the socials at least. Oh okay, okay, he's like, wow, 898 01:01:29,880 --> 01:01:34,040 Speaker 1: do you have an absentee Tom Hanks? Yeah, that's exactly 899 01:01:34,120 --> 01:01:35,920 Speaker 1: what it is. Like. I love Tom Hanks, but he's 900 01:01:35,960 --> 01:01:38,560 Speaker 1: never physically there for me. Yeah. I mean they never 901 01:01:38,640 --> 01:01:41,560 Speaker 1: check your backyard for bodies, all right, so you can 902 01:01:41,600 --> 01:01:45,000 Speaker 1: also find us. Um well, one of the best things 903 01:01:45,000 --> 01:01:46,520 Speaker 1: to do is give us a call. We are one 904 01:01:46,640 --> 01:01:50,680 Speaker 1: eight three three st d w y t K. Your 905 01:01:50,840 --> 01:01:52,960 Speaker 1: voice may end up on an episode. Let us know 906 01:01:53,000 --> 01:01:56,680 Speaker 1: if you don't want it to, but otherwise, just let 907 01:01:56,800 --> 01:02:02,400 Speaker 1: us know what you're thinking. And please support my good 908 01:02:02,400 --> 01:02:07,080 Speaker 1: friend writer dive Matt Frederick as he literally is the 909 01:02:07,120 --> 01:02:11,040 Speaker 1: person who goes through those voicemails. Thank you so much, Matt. 910 01:02:11,200 --> 01:02:13,680 Speaker 1: I have got to do a better job. This is 911 01:02:13,720 --> 01:02:16,960 Speaker 1: like the fifth time on air that me or ghost 912 01:02:17,080 --> 01:02:19,640 Speaker 1: Nol has said, look, we'll help you out. I really 913 01:02:19,680 --> 01:02:22,560 Speaker 1: need it. I just need that log in. But you 914 01:02:22,640 --> 01:02:26,320 Speaker 1: may be saying to yourself, I hate the phone. I 915 01:02:26,560 --> 01:02:32,280 Speaker 1: don't like social media. We of all people get that completely. 916 01:02:32,320 --> 01:02:36,040 Speaker 1: We're on board with you, and that's why we always 917 01:02:36,040 --> 01:02:39,600 Speaker 1: have one last way you can contact us. The rumors 918 01:02:39,600 --> 01:02:42,120 Speaker 1: are true, you can send us a good old fashioned email. 919 01:02:42,240 --> 01:03:00,360 Speaker 1: We are conspiracy at i heart radio dot com. H 920 01:03:04,680 --> 01:03:06,480 Speaker 1: Stuff They Don't Want You to Know is a production 921 01:03:06,480 --> 01:03:09,280 Speaker 1: of I heart Radio's How Stuff Works. For more podcasts 922 01:03:09,320 --> 01:03:11,520 Speaker 1: from my heart Radio, visit the i heart Radio app, 923 01:03:11,640 --> 01:03:14,480 Speaker 1: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.