WEBVTT - How Animal Domestication Works 0:00:01.080 --> 0:00:04.240 Welcome to you Stuff you should know from house Stuff 0:00:04.280 --> 0:00:12.719 Works dot com. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm 0:00:12.800 --> 0:00:15.760 Josh Clark. There's Charles W. Chuck Bright, and our buddy 0:00:15.840 --> 0:00:19.919 Noel who's producing us. Yeah. Uh, and that's stuff you 0:00:19.920 --> 0:00:26.840 should know. How's it going fine? Why are you guys? 0:00:27.720 --> 0:00:33.000 That's just friendly icebreaker? Oh I see. Yeah, as if 0:00:33.000 --> 0:00:35.800 we didn't just record it, uther Jack, we did. It 0:00:35.960 --> 0:00:42.919 was on police and turkeys, right, so, Chuck, Yes, you've 0:00:42.960 --> 0:00:48.920 heard of Jared Diamond before, right, No rang familiar, Guns, 0:00:48.960 --> 0:00:54.120 Germs and Steel. Okay, yeah, he uh he Um wrote Collapse. 0:00:54.560 --> 0:00:56.320 He's known for that those two books. Don't think I 0:00:56.400 --> 0:00:58.840 know that one. I think it came after Guns, Terms 0:00:58.840 --> 0:01:03.320 and Steel. But he wrote one of my favorite journal 0:01:03.400 --> 0:01:06.680 articles of all time is called the Worst Mistake in 0:01:06.760 --> 0:01:10.720 the History of the human race about agriculture, about transitioning 0:01:10.720 --> 0:01:12.960 to agriculture. I was going to guess on what that 0:01:13.040 --> 0:01:16.000 might be. Oh, sorry, what what do you guess that 0:01:16.040 --> 0:01:20.800 it's about the agriculture. Well, the thing is is it 0:01:20.920 --> 0:01:22.680 may be the worst mistake in the history of the 0:01:22.720 --> 0:01:25.920 human races. I've talked about it a million times. Um 0:01:26.000 --> 0:01:29.000 the article that is um but he also wrote this 0:01:29.080 --> 0:01:33.520 really interesting article called Evolution, Consequences and Future of Plant 0:01:33.560 --> 0:01:38.839 and Animal Domestication, which sounds extremely boring, and it's in Nature, 0:01:38.959 --> 0:01:42.960 the journal Nature. That it isn't boring. It's really really 0:01:43.000 --> 0:01:47.480 interesting because in it he talks about animal domestication and 0:01:47.520 --> 0:01:49.880 he says that it came about as a result of 0:01:50.360 --> 0:01:54.480 typically and about the same time as agriculture, the Neolithic revolution, 0:01:54.920 --> 0:02:00.520 where we went from hunter gatherers to agriculturists right to 0:02:00.640 --> 0:02:04.680 farmers and everything changed, Like we grew shorter in stature, 0:02:05.160 --> 0:02:10.360 our brains grew smaller, um, our jaws grew shorter. Um, 0:02:10.760 --> 0:02:15.760 we we got just weird in a bunch of different ways, right, Um. 0:02:16.080 --> 0:02:18.440 And it was as a result of agriculture. And if 0:02:18.440 --> 0:02:21.880 you look at what happens when we domesticate animals, when 0:02:21.880 --> 0:02:24.239 we take them from the wild and we plant them 0:02:24.280 --> 0:02:27.560 next to us on a farm, the same thing happens. 0:02:28.240 --> 0:02:31.200 So his point is, what he's arguing is that not 0:02:31.360 --> 0:02:35.959 only did humans domesticate animals, humans in turn have become 0:02:36.000 --> 0:02:41.760 domesticated themselves through agriculture. Yeah, there's probably nothing that's had 0:02:41.800 --> 0:02:45.960 a greater impact, no single transition or change or concept 0:02:46.000 --> 0:02:50.040 that's had a greater impact on Homo sapiens than the 0:02:50.120 --> 0:02:54.360 Neolithic revolution or the transition to agriculture, and a big 0:02:54.400 --> 0:02:57.760 part of that was the domestication of animals. They kind 0:02:57.760 --> 0:03:01.360 of went hand in hand and hoof and hand, which 0:03:01.400 --> 0:03:04.639 to me is hilarious because consider this, I think this 0:03:04.720 --> 0:03:07.520 is the funniest thing I've ever thought of in my life. 0:03:08.440 --> 0:03:11.960 Imagine being an alien come down to Earth, all right, 0:03:12.320 --> 0:03:16.360 and uh, you're just walking along taking everything in and 0:03:16.480 --> 0:03:20.720 you see a human riding a horse, and us it's 0:03:20.720 --> 0:03:23.200 a human riding a horse. It makes during complete sense. 0:03:23.600 --> 0:03:26.040 But if you're an alien, you see an animal riding 0:03:26.080 --> 0:03:29.040 another animal, and that would have to be the funniest 0:03:29.040 --> 0:03:33.480 thing you've ever seen ever. If you're a margin, yeah, 0:03:33.520 --> 0:03:37.200 an animal riding another animal, you know, like those little 0:03:37.400 --> 0:03:40.640 cowboy monkeys that ride dogs and stuff like that. It's hilarious. 0:03:40.680 --> 0:03:43.400 And that same thing, it's the exact same thing. Or 0:03:43.440 --> 0:03:45.840 when you watch Planet of the Apes an ape riding 0:03:45.840 --> 0:03:50.600 a horse. That sound funny, that's unsettling, it's terrifying. Yeah, 0:03:50.760 --> 0:03:54.400 that is the funniest thing ever you've ever said? Yes, 0:03:54.480 --> 0:03:57.800 it is. Um so man, that was a good setup. 0:03:58.360 --> 0:03:59.880 Thanks man. It's been a while since we've gotten in 0:03:59.880 --> 0:04:04.400 all old Josh story. I get really excited about anthropology. Uh, well, 0:04:04.440 --> 0:04:09.080 we are covering um domestication, and I guess we should 0:04:09.080 --> 0:04:12.360 say off the bat that not everyone is on board UM. 0:04:12.560 --> 0:04:14.839 Peter had to look this up because I wasn't sure 0:04:14.880 --> 0:04:20.120 what their actual stance was regarding animal domestication. You had 0:04:20.120 --> 0:04:24.200 to look that up. No about pets, sure, I wondered. UM. 0:04:24.240 --> 0:04:28.839 Officially they are against pet keeping, but they they know 0:04:28.920 --> 0:04:31.880 it's too late. They hate pets, but they know it's 0:04:31.920 --> 0:04:34.279 too late. They're like, well, we know we're not. What 0:04:34.400 --> 0:04:37.640 they are not for is for setting these animals free. 0:04:38.760 --> 0:04:41.760 Here's why. The original co founder I think UM is 0:04:42.240 --> 0:04:46.240 Ingrid new Kirk is an animal abolitionist, but pet is like, 0:04:46.320 --> 0:04:47.960 it's way too far gone. We don't want you to 0:04:47.960 --> 0:04:50.120 set these animals free. So we're gonna fight our fight 0:04:50.240 --> 0:04:53.040 on spaying and neutering and reducing that population is much 0:04:53.080 --> 0:04:58.039 as possible. But they are still officially against pets. But 0:04:58.120 --> 0:05:01.080 their position actually does make sense as a extremely realistic 0:05:01.200 --> 0:05:06.799 because there is a strict definition of a domesticated animal, 0:05:07.400 --> 0:05:11.839 and domesticated animal is a is a species that was 0:05:11.920 --> 0:05:16.640 formerly wild that has been taken in by humans and 0:05:16.920 --> 0:05:21.160 whose characteristics have been so all ser radically altered by 0:05:21.240 --> 0:05:26.240 humans that they can no longer feed themselves typically. Yeah, 0:05:26.240 --> 0:05:30.239 it's it's when we actually change their genetic makeup. Yes, 0:05:30.320 --> 0:05:33.240 And part of that change, part of the characteristic changes 0:05:33.320 --> 0:05:37.240 that the food supply is controlled by humans. So if 0:05:37.320 --> 0:05:42.640 you put say an average dog out, my dog luckily 0:05:42.680 --> 0:05:45.640 would be dead in three days. Yeah, And somebody say, well, 0:05:45.680 --> 0:05:48.839 they would forage through garbage humanity. If you took a 0:05:48.920 --> 0:05:53.320 dog out of any kind of human area and put 0:05:53.360 --> 0:05:57.480 it in the area, it may return to a primal state, 0:05:57.520 --> 0:06:01.800 in which case that dog is reverted to a feral state. Now, 0:06:01.920 --> 0:06:04.880 ferial animal is one that was formerly domesticated and then 0:06:04.880 --> 0:06:09.120 went back to the wild. If you take a single 0:06:09.160 --> 0:06:12.279 wolf and you teach it to jump up and grab 0:06:12.320 --> 0:06:15.200 beef jerky out of your hands, what you have there, 0:06:15.240 --> 0:06:18.720 because that's a tame wolf. Now, tame wolf could still 0:06:18.720 --> 0:06:22.279 go fend for itself. It's a it's a tame individual. 0:06:22.800 --> 0:06:29.200 A domesticated animal is one that's born comfortable associating with humans. Yeah, 0:06:29.240 --> 0:06:33.000 And there's exceptions, of course, cats, the domestic house cat 0:06:33.040 --> 0:06:35.200 being one. You could drop a cat out in the 0:06:35.200 --> 0:06:37.720 middle of the woods and they would survive. They would 0:06:37.920 --> 0:06:42.640 hunt mice and eat mice or whatever squirrels. Um. So 0:06:42.760 --> 0:06:45.800 the and the domestic cat is its own species. But 0:06:45.880 --> 0:06:49.599 that raises some questions under Jared Diamonds definition, the stricter 0:06:49.680 --> 0:06:53.320 definition of a domestic animal. If if a cat can 0:06:53.360 --> 0:06:56.520 just go like take care of itself, is it technically 0:06:56.600 --> 0:07:00.280 feral or is it ever really domesticated? Or is it 0:07:00.400 --> 0:07:03.720 just an agreement. Hey, I'll catch the mice in your 0:07:03.720 --> 0:07:07.600 house and I like that wet food every day at 0:07:07.600 --> 0:07:10.960 five pm, so I'll just hang out here and I 0:07:11.040 --> 0:07:13.120 like to sleep under your chin. Like the cat. The 0:07:13.160 --> 0:07:16.560 cat has found an agreeable arrangement that it could take 0:07:16.640 --> 0:07:19.480 or leave in any time. Yeah, mutually beneficial. As we'll 0:07:19.480 --> 0:07:23.760 see that. That's a consistent thing in the domestication of animals. 0:07:23.840 --> 0:07:27.240 Is that, uh, some people believe that it's good for 0:07:27.280 --> 0:07:29.640 the animal, it's good for the human. And we have 0:07:29.760 --> 0:07:33.720 learned to scratch each other's backs in many different ways 0:07:33.800 --> 0:07:37.040 literally even in some cases. So a little bit of 0:07:37.080 --> 0:07:39.440 a good background for this one might be to listen 0:07:39.480 --> 0:07:44.560 to our show on natural selection, because um, well it 0:07:44.600 --> 0:07:47.520 covers natural selection, but there's another kind of selection called 0:07:47.600 --> 0:07:51.280 artificial selection when it comes to domesticating animals, and that 0:07:51.440 --> 0:07:54.520 is not the same thing. That is when humans are 0:07:54.600 --> 0:08:00.560 choosing these desirable traits and making it so through breeding. Um, 0:08:00.600 --> 0:08:04.160 like the the original horses, the first domesticated horses were 0:08:04.520 --> 0:08:07.360 they smoked cigars, they did. We broke them of that. 0:08:08.080 --> 0:08:10.080 Now they were small like ponies. There were little ones, 0:08:10.160 --> 0:08:12.440 a little wild horses in Mongolia. I think they call 0:08:12.480 --> 0:08:19.680 him the Zewalski's not a family in Pittsburgh. No, it 0:08:19.760 --> 0:08:22.200 was a Russian army officer that they're named after. But 0:08:22.240 --> 0:08:24.720 when you start your name with three consonants, I never 0:08:24.760 --> 0:08:27.240 know which one is silent. Okay, so how do you 0:08:27.280 --> 0:08:30.200 spell it? P r z oh? I was not guess 0:08:30.320 --> 0:08:33.079 that's e w Alski. So I'm just gonna say z 0:08:33.120 --> 0:08:38.040 Wolski's horse. But um, people were at one point like, man, 0:08:38.080 --> 0:08:39.839 I'd love to ride that thing, but he's too small. 0:08:40.240 --> 0:08:42.439 So find the biggest one that's a male, and find 0:08:42.480 --> 0:08:44.760 the biggest one that's a female, make them go have sex, 0:08:45.280 --> 0:08:48.880 and maybe they'll have a bigger one, bigger son, and 0:08:48.880 --> 0:08:51.679 then make that one mate with someone big. And eventually 0:08:51.679 --> 0:08:53.240 these things are going to be big enough to where 0:08:53.240 --> 0:08:55.559 we can ride them, and then by proxy throw away 0:08:55.600 --> 0:08:58.040 the ones that don't fit the criteria that we want 0:08:58.320 --> 0:09:01.560 or use them for something else. Sure food, But that's 0:09:01.600 --> 0:09:04.320 what we did with dogs too. Like you got a 0:09:04.320 --> 0:09:10.000 bunch of different ones, right, say, big, small, soft, furry, um, fast, cuddly, 0:09:10.520 --> 0:09:12.920 and we we said, well, we like this one for this, 0:09:13.000 --> 0:09:15.360 and we like that one for that, and so artificial 0:09:15.400 --> 0:09:17.960 selection was still going on. We were just spreading it 0:09:18.000 --> 0:09:20.240 out all over the place. With like say a horse 0:09:20.360 --> 0:09:23.600 or something. We wanted bigger and stronger because we wanted 0:09:23.640 --> 0:09:27.959 to ride them. Uh, and we also wanted to apparently 0:09:28.240 --> 0:09:31.160 drink their milk, which I did not know, but it 0:09:31.240 --> 0:09:33.840 makes sense that horses produced milk because their mammals. But 0:09:34.120 --> 0:09:36.839 apparently our ancestors used to drink horse milk. You never 0:09:36.840 --> 0:09:39.840 had horse milk, no, And I want to know if 0:09:39.840 --> 0:09:44.080 there's anyone out there listening who's tasted horse milk, please 0:09:44.080 --> 0:09:46.960 describe it. Did someone out there is drinking horse milk 0:09:47.480 --> 0:09:50.000 right now while they're listening to the show. One of 0:09:50.000 --> 0:09:53.800 our Mongolian listening straight from the teeth. I think they're like, 0:09:53.840 --> 0:09:56.319 they used the horse for all sorts of stuff. The Mongolians. 0:09:56.400 --> 0:09:59.080 They're also like excellent riders. Yeah. I think that that 0:09:59.480 --> 0:10:04.160 ze Wolsky horses is in Mongolia again, Yeah, after being 0:10:04.200 --> 0:10:06.839 nearly extinct. I might be wrong about that. So um. 0:10:06.880 --> 0:10:09.680 In addition to selecting the big horse, we also did 0:10:09.679 --> 0:10:13.760 some cool stuff with sheep. We um we selected out 0:10:13.800 --> 0:10:18.880 there they had um, longer, coarser hair that we didn't 0:10:18.880 --> 0:10:21.960 want that camp. Yeah, we wanted the softer stuff that 0:10:22.040 --> 0:10:24.840 was inside a k a. The wool. So we bread 0:10:24.920 --> 0:10:28.680 sheep that had more wool than kemp until basically you 0:10:28.720 --> 0:10:30.840 can't find kemp in sheep any longer. And they were 0:10:30.880 --> 0:10:33.880 one of the first domesticated animals, right, the sheep. Yet 0:10:33.960 --> 0:10:38.199 they were um chickens uh don't normally produce eggs as 0:10:38.240 --> 0:10:42.479 frequently as as they do uh once they've been domesticated, 0:10:43.080 --> 0:10:45.680 and like a Rhode Island red ll produced five to 0:10:45.760 --> 0:10:49.520 seven a week. That's a lot of eggs. Yeah, apparently 0:10:49.559 --> 0:10:51.800 the original chicken too. I didn't look this up, but 0:10:51.880 --> 0:10:53.760 I remember a friend of mine that was a vegetarian. 0:10:55.320 --> 0:10:57.920 I witnessed an argument between a vegetarian and mediate, which 0:10:57.920 --> 0:11:01.599 is always fun because I don't get involved in that stuff. Um, 0:11:01.640 --> 0:11:02.960 and I think when I was like, well, look at 0:11:02.960 --> 0:11:04.320 the chickens. You know what else are they gonna do? 0:11:04.920 --> 0:11:06.920 You know, what are they good for? And he was like, dude, 0:11:06.920 --> 0:11:09.800 the original chicken wasn't anything like this chicken. The original 0:11:09.800 --> 0:11:12.560 wild chicken was like taller and leaner and ran super 0:11:12.600 --> 0:11:16.960 fast and road runner. I guess, yeah, I guess solve 0:11:17.040 --> 0:11:22.400 crimes and uh, and did all sorts of chickeny things 0:11:22.440 --> 0:11:25.440 that weren't just being slaughtered for food. And apparently the 0:11:25.559 --> 0:11:30.560 first chickens were domesticated. They think for um, cock fighting, Yeah, 0:11:30.600 --> 0:11:33.920 for entertainment. Yeah. Crazy. We have a shameful, shapeful history, 0:11:33.960 --> 0:11:39.760 don't we as people humans? Yeah? So Diamond, Um, you 0:11:39.760 --> 0:11:41.880 you would think, if we can domesticate animals, why don't 0:11:41.880 --> 0:11:44.920 we just domesticate them all and use them for purposes? Uh? 0:11:44.960 --> 0:11:48.160 And Diamond rites that only about fourteen animal species out 0:11:48.200 --> 0:11:51.800 of a hundred and forty eight candidates have been domesticated, 0:11:51.840 --> 0:11:56.480 and that's because we can't domesticate every animal. There's certain things, 0:11:56.480 --> 0:12:00.520 certain criteria that even opens up the possibility. Yeah, there's 0:12:00.559 --> 0:12:04.000 like a six point checklist basically, and it's not progressive 0:12:04.360 --> 0:12:07.720 if any one of these with these characteristics or treats 0:12:08.080 --> 0:12:11.439 isn't Matt, Yeah, it pretty much just throws off the 0:12:11.440 --> 0:12:13.840 whole deal. So you gotta have all six, all right? 0:12:13.920 --> 0:12:16.800 Those six are the first. One is the right diet 0:12:16.840 --> 0:12:21.839 if you're a picky animal, like, um, what's what's the 0:12:21.880 --> 0:12:25.520 one that only eats bamboo? The bamboo to those dumb, 0:12:26.120 --> 0:12:31.720 dumb koalas koalas, Now they eucalyptus. A man, I'm glad 0:12:31.800 --> 0:12:33.960 you remember that. Yeah, you're not gonna be able to 0:12:34.240 --> 0:12:36.640 domesticate a koala because what you want is something that 0:12:36.679 --> 0:12:40.640 you can feed in mass quantities on cheap accessible food. 0:12:40.920 --> 0:12:44.600 Oh well, actually bamboo would be the way to go. 0:12:45.000 --> 0:12:47.840 It's eucalyptus. Yeah, I don't know how eucalyptus, because if 0:12:47.840 --> 0:12:51.160 they bamboo, they'd probably be domesticated in that. Well. No, 0:12:51.320 --> 0:12:54.480 by cheap accessible food, I think they mean like millions 0:12:54.480 --> 0:12:56.960 of pounds of feed that you can put in a trough. Dude. 0:12:56.960 --> 0:12:59.400 Bamboo is like one of the fastest growing plants on Earth. 0:12:59.520 --> 0:13:04.320 Not lots that are still talking about ecous, but but 0:13:04.440 --> 0:13:07.880 this bamboo thing. Have you heard about bamboo? You know, 0:13:07.920 --> 0:13:11.120 I have a company that grows oh, Josh's Bamboo floors. 0:13:12.920 --> 0:13:16.120 The number two thing is a fast growth rate. So um, yeah, 0:13:16.320 --> 0:13:19.040 they gotta you know, be able to grow quick and 0:13:19.520 --> 0:13:21.840 so you can use them. Yeah. So like if we'd 0:13:21.880 --> 0:13:25.840 figured out how to use gorillas to build skyscrapers, that'd 0:13:25.880 --> 0:13:28.199 be awesome, but it would take forever to build a 0:13:28.240 --> 0:13:33.280 skyscraper because gorilla is only reproduced fairly and frequently. Okay, 0:13:33.320 --> 0:13:36.080 so we need something that can build a skyscraper fast. 0:13:36.200 --> 0:13:39.480 And that's why that didn't work when they tried it. Yeah, 0:13:39.640 --> 0:13:41.840 but that one gorilla wearing that hard hat got a 0:13:41.880 --> 0:13:46.600 lot of laughs. Uh friendly disposition. Um, that's pretty clear. 0:13:47.080 --> 0:13:51.800 If you're a Kodiak bear, you're not going to be domesticated. 0:13:51.960 --> 0:13:56.000 They tried that. They tried grizzlies at one point. That's 0:13:56.000 --> 0:14:02.800 a failed domestication. Yeah. Um. Zebras very famously can't be domesticated. Yeah, 0:14:02.800 --> 0:14:04.520 because I imagine people would be like, man, I want 0:14:04.520 --> 0:14:06.559 to ride that thing. It's cool looking, yeah, and it'll 0:14:06.600 --> 0:14:10.280 bite you to death. Really. Yeah. Apparently in that Jared 0:14:10.280 --> 0:14:14.560 Diamond article, he says that zookeepers zebras account for more 0:14:14.640 --> 0:14:19.080 injuries to zookeepers than any other animal at the zoo. Man, Yeah, 0:14:19.120 --> 0:14:24.880 that is one piste off stripy horse. They're not horses 0:14:24.880 --> 0:14:28.520 at all, though, are they They're related for sure, but 0:14:28.680 --> 0:14:31.600 the um so the zebras one and then koala is 0:14:31.640 --> 0:14:36.120 too apparently are like ferocious little animals eat while they 0:14:36.160 --> 0:14:41.280 they're tied to eat in bamboo, right, um one to 0:14:41.600 --> 0:14:45.400 three four? Easy breeding, Yeah, that's pretty obvious. You gotta 0:14:45.400 --> 0:14:48.120 be able to pump out little baby puppies quickly, yes, 0:14:48.160 --> 0:14:51.760 because some animals like just shut down when you when 0:14:51.880 --> 0:14:56.040 they're captive, like, they don't breed like pandas have a 0:14:56.120 --> 0:14:59.040 lot of trouble breeding and captivity too. Is that why 0:14:59.040 --> 0:15:01.520 it's always such a big deal when they're born at 0:15:01.520 --> 0:15:04.720 the zoo or when like twins are born like at 0:15:04.720 --> 0:15:09.400 the Atlanta Zoo. Oh, man, I don't know about zoos. Well, 0:15:09.520 --> 0:15:11.640 we did a podcast on that. I think that's the 0:15:11.680 --> 0:15:13.560 conclusion we came to. Huh, I think that was the 0:15:13.600 --> 0:15:16.120 title of it. Man, I don't know about zoos. What 0:15:16.160 --> 0:15:18.560 does he call her? Zoo's good or bad for animals? Yeah? 0:15:18.600 --> 0:15:20.520 That was a good episode. Yeah, that's one of those 0:15:20.520 --> 0:15:23.359 long lost overlooked ones. They are so good. That's polarizing 0:15:23.360 --> 0:15:27.040 to man. I did some Facebook posting about killer whales 0:15:27.040 --> 0:15:33.680 in captivity, and people really feel passionately about like Blackfish 0:15:33.720 --> 0:15:37.240 about supporting Sea World or not supporting Sea World. Um, 0:15:37.280 --> 0:15:39.800 and that black fish is a bunch of bunk. And 0:15:39.840 --> 0:15:46.280 apparently Blackfishes was highly manipulated the documentary was. But at 0:15:46.320 --> 0:15:47.360 the end of all of that, I was like, I 0:15:47.400 --> 0:15:48.920 don't care. I just don't think they should be kept 0:15:48.920 --> 0:15:53.040 in captivity this one particular thing. Um. But that was 0:15:53.080 --> 0:15:57.040 just me respect of a social hierarchy, that's a big one, 0:15:57.600 --> 0:15:59.960 because if you don't, if you can't be the alpha 0:16:00.120 --> 0:16:02.240 dog and the leader of the pack, then you're gonna 0:16:02.280 --> 0:16:04.920 have a very hard time domesticating that animal. Yeah, but 0:16:05.200 --> 0:16:08.040 with a cat being an exception, an animal um that 0:16:08.160 --> 0:16:12.400 does follow a social hierarchy is basically pre arranged to 0:16:12.400 --> 0:16:15.440 be domesticated because you just take that alpha male and 0:16:15.520 --> 0:16:17.120 punch him in the face a couple of times in 0:16:17.160 --> 0:16:19.880 front of everybody, make them cry, and then now you're 0:16:19.920 --> 0:16:24.000 the alpha male and you say start laying eggs and 0:16:24.080 --> 0:16:27.760 they listen to you, and then they're domesticated, at least 0:16:27.760 --> 0:16:30.600 in that respect, after you've punched the chicken. Yeah, but 0:16:30.720 --> 0:16:34.200 that's a that's a big one. Is with that social hierarchy, 0:16:34.200 --> 0:16:37.840 it sets them up there predisposed to our method of domestication, 0:16:37.840 --> 0:16:41.120 which is listening to humans and like sheep, it's mind 0:16:41.200 --> 0:16:46.920 blowing because sheep, they're herd animal that follows an alpha leader, right, 0:16:47.920 --> 0:16:51.040 and so we have gotten so we're just show offs 0:16:51.040 --> 0:16:53.840 when it comes to animal domestication. We're so good that 0:16:53.960 --> 0:16:57.400 we've taken one of our domesticated animals, the dog, and 0:16:57.440 --> 0:17:01.680 put the dog in as they for mail of the sheep. Yeah, 0:17:01.800 --> 0:17:05.359 that's how sheep are herded. That's that's just showing off 0:17:05.640 --> 0:17:09.919 the aliens. That's another good alien. Laugh. Well, the double 0:17:10.040 --> 0:17:13.680 domestications and the dog leading the sheep. Um. And it's 0:17:13.680 --> 0:17:16.200 funny too if you've ever had a dog that's a 0:17:16.280 --> 0:17:18.880 hurting has the hurting instinct when you see that play 0:17:18.920 --> 0:17:21.640 out in your own home. Uh, we used to see 0:17:21.680 --> 0:17:23.440 it all the time with Lucy. She would totally hurt 0:17:23.520 --> 0:17:25.440 us and when we let her out in the backyard, 0:17:25.480 --> 0:17:28.320 she would walk the perimeter of the fence, you know, 0:17:28.400 --> 0:17:31.960 instead of running through the middle of it. Very interesting stuff, 0:17:32.280 --> 0:17:35.640 that original, those original tendencies. Uh. And then the last 0:17:35.640 --> 0:17:37.960 one is they want panic. Um, if you have an 0:17:37.960 --> 0:17:42.160 animal that freaks out behind defence like dear, Yeah, it's 0:17:42.200 --> 0:17:44.760 it's uh that you're gonna have a real hard time there. 0:17:44.800 --> 0:17:47.400 But like we said, there are exceptions because wolves were 0:17:47.440 --> 0:17:52.120 fierce and cats, uh don't follow a pack leader. Um. 0:17:52.160 --> 0:17:54.840 And we're gonna get to dogs and cats a little later, 0:17:55.359 --> 0:17:57.240 but first, right after this break, we're gonna talk a 0:17:57.280 --> 0:18:02.280 little bit about the history of domestication. Chuck. You know 0:18:02.320 --> 0:18:06.000 who makes a cool website? Uh? Yeah, you do if 0:18:06.000 --> 0:18:08.800 you use squarespace dot com. That is absolutely right. And 0:18:08.920 --> 0:18:12.920 squarespace is not only the great functional engine for making 0:18:12.920 --> 0:18:16.520 the best websites you can possibly make. 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You can host an 0:18:41.280 --> 0:18:44.159 entire store, you can accept donations for your personal blog. 0:18:44.480 --> 0:18:47.119 Makes it really handy to make a few bucks, and 0:18:47.280 --> 0:18:49.880 your site looks good on every device. Plus you can 0:18:49.880 --> 0:18:52.600 trial this risk free. Go to squares space dot com 0:18:52.640 --> 0:18:56.040 slash stuff and because you know Chuck and Josh, you'll 0:18:56.080 --> 0:18:59.600 get a fourteen day trial with no credit card necessary. 0:18:59.680 --> 0:19:01.359 That's right. And if you like the service, it's gonna 0:19:01.400 --> 0:19:03.320 cost us low as eight dollars a month and it's 0:19:03.320 --> 0:19:05.439 gonna include a free domain name if you sign up 0:19:05.480 --> 0:19:07.840 for a year. All you gotta do, once again is 0:19:07.920 --> 0:19:10.840 use our offer code stuff and you'll get ten percent 0:19:10.840 --> 0:19:13.640 off that first purchase. That's right. So go to squarespace 0:19:13.720 --> 0:19:19.040 dot com slash stuff right now. So if you listen 0:19:19.080 --> 0:19:23.520 to our show on cave Art, you know that. And 0:19:23.800 --> 0:19:30.320 on Egyptology, you know the animals mummification, Yeah probably, so 0:19:30.480 --> 0:19:33.159 you know, the animals have been tied to humans for 0:19:33.160 --> 0:19:35.359 a long time and revered by humans for a long time, 0:19:35.680 --> 0:19:38.000 as evidenced by the fact that they buried them and 0:19:38.000 --> 0:19:40.200 they mummified them, and they painted them on their walls, 0:19:40.280 --> 0:19:44.800 painted pictures of us riding them. Yeah yeah, um yeah, 0:19:44.840 --> 0:19:47.840 they they they think that the um, the first animal 0:19:47.920 --> 0:19:52.080 to be domesticated by far was the dog. How awesome 0:19:52.119 --> 0:19:55.880 is that hunter gatherer society was and the dog were 0:19:56.000 --> 0:20:00.560 pals long before agriculture ever came along, but about the 0:20:00.600 --> 0:20:03.719 time of the agricultural revolution, which is and get this, 0:20:03.840 --> 0:20:07.840 check this out, uh, ten thousand, five hundred years BP 0:20:08.800 --> 0:20:14.760 to about forty hundred years BP before present. Is that 0:20:14.800 --> 0:20:17.560 the one. Yeah, that's like the scientific way of saying, 0:20:18.080 --> 0:20:21.040 there's no like zero year or anything like that. It's 0:20:21.119 --> 0:20:27.640 just ten years before present, the full before present. Not British, 0:20:28.240 --> 0:20:33.760 that was New Zealand. Uh So basically, at some point 0:20:34.240 --> 0:20:38.200 about ten thousand, five hundred years ago, what they think 0:20:38.240 --> 0:20:42.440 happened is the Earth's climate changed. Um, maybe we killed 0:20:42.440 --> 0:20:45.439 off enough of the mega fauna through over hunting or 0:20:45.480 --> 0:20:49.840 through climate change they just went extinct. And Um, about 0:20:49.880 --> 0:20:53.119 that time, some plants came around that we noticed we 0:20:53.200 --> 0:20:57.560 really liked, and maybe accidentally we started growing them. And 0:20:57.600 --> 0:20:59.720 then we figured out that we could just select these 0:20:59.720 --> 0:21:03.320 one and through a process of artificial and natural selection, 0:21:03.359 --> 0:21:06.960 merged together we got agriculture. And about that same time 0:21:07.440 --> 0:21:13.520 we started to domesticate pigs, sheep, and cattle. I think 0:21:13.560 --> 0:21:15.760 we're the big first three and they still are the 0:21:15.800 --> 0:21:20.560 big three, Like those are the money domesticated animals, you know. Well, yeah, 0:21:20.600 --> 0:21:23.040 and like you said, it's tied to human natural selection 0:21:23.040 --> 0:21:25.919 as well, because if you are the tribe that has 0:21:25.960 --> 0:21:29.439 figured out how to keep cattle, then you're gonna do 0:21:29.520 --> 0:21:32.639 better than your neighboring tribe that hasn't yet. And so 0:21:32.840 --> 0:21:36.440 you are going to be more successful as a civilization. Yeah, 0:21:36.480 --> 0:21:39.200 you are, and you're going to conquer like we talked about, 0:21:39.200 --> 0:21:41.800 and I think the Royalty one. We talked a lot 0:21:41.800 --> 0:21:46.880 about um tribes conquering other tribes through agriculture, through exporting 0:21:46.920 --> 0:21:50.440 agriculture and um as a result, Jared Diamond points out, 0:21:50.600 --> 0:21:54.640 eight percent of humans alive today speak one of seven 0:21:54.840 --> 0:21:59.200 language families and they come from two places in Eurasia, 0:21:59.359 --> 0:22:02.479 which were the places for agriculture to take group. So 0:22:02.560 --> 0:22:10.280 basically those tribes were so effective because of agriculture. Today 0:22:10.520 --> 0:22:13.800 we still basically the vast majority to speak one of 0:22:13.840 --> 0:22:18.840 seven language groups. That's crazy. Here's all these thousands of 0:22:18.920 --> 0:22:23.639 years later, that's how effective agriculture was. It, asserting Authorida, 0:22:23.920 --> 0:22:27.080 we should do one on agriculture, the Birth of agriculture. 0:22:27.080 --> 0:22:30.440 I can't believe we haven't yet. Yeah, let's do it, agreed. 0:22:31.000 --> 0:22:35.520 So back to animals. Uh, here's a little breakdown of 0:22:35.840 --> 0:22:39.679 where some of your favorite animals came from So in 0:22:39.720 --> 0:22:44.160 Southeast Asia's where you uh first got your goats, pick pigs, 0:22:45.080 --> 0:22:49.960 sheep and dogs. Southwest Asia. Yeah, we went over to 0:22:50.000 --> 0:22:54.199 Central it's like Mesopotamia. Okay, these are the birth of 0:22:54.200 --> 0:22:58.080 it all. Yes, um, Centraliser, you're gonna get your chickens 0:22:58.520 --> 0:23:02.639 and you're too humped bactry in sablets pronounced yeah, it 0:23:02.680 --> 0:23:07.720 looks like camel Central Asia. Yeah. And those camels were 0:23:07.720 --> 0:23:10.800 actually um well known for long hair and they can 0:23:10.880 --> 0:23:13.560 survive in cold climates. Yes, and they're not just desert 0:23:14.200 --> 0:23:18.200 dwellers right. And apparently when they were domesticated, it created 0:23:18.240 --> 0:23:22.240 such a revolution that some societies stopped using the wheel 0:23:22.600 --> 0:23:24.680 because they're like, we don't need the wheel anymore. We 0:23:24.760 --> 0:23:27.239 got camels, like the wheel left all together and then 0:23:27.280 --> 0:23:31.919 came back when someone said, uh, cars are pretty cool too. Yeah, 0:23:32.119 --> 0:23:35.880 actually as much sooner than that. Um Arabia is where 0:23:35.920 --> 0:23:39.879 you have the Arabian camel with a single hump. Um China, 0:23:40.080 --> 0:23:46.200 they domesticated pigs and the water buffalo and dogs. Move 0:23:46.240 --> 0:23:49.080 over to the Ukraine and you've got the wild Tarpaan 0:23:49.359 --> 0:23:53.000 horses and uh that's what most folks think are the original. 0:23:53.240 --> 0:23:57.960 Um the original the o g the original horse, even 0:23:58.000 --> 0:24:00.920 though I read about the small ones in Mongolia. Yeah, 0:24:01.160 --> 0:24:08.080 the Yeah, it was new ski here the h um. Yeah, 0:24:08.119 --> 0:24:10.240 I'm gonna have to look that up. And then Egypt 0:24:10.320 --> 0:24:13.560 you've got your donkeys. And then South America you've got 0:24:13.560 --> 0:24:16.240