1
00:00:01,080 --> 00:00:04,240
Speaker 1: Welcome to you Stuff you should know from house Stuff

2
00:00:04,280 --> 00:00:12,719
Speaker 1: Works dot com. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm

3
00:00:12,800 --> 00:00:15,760
Speaker 1: Josh Clark. There's Charles W. Chuck Bright, and our buddy

4
00:00:15,840 --> 00:00:19,919
Speaker 1: Noel who's producing us. Yeah. Uh, and that's stuff you

5
00:00:19,920 --> 00:00:26,840
Speaker 1: should know. How's it going fine? Why are you guys?

6
00:00:27,720 --> 00:00:33,000
Speaker 1: That's just friendly icebreaker? Oh I see. Yeah, as if

7
00:00:33,000 --> 00:00:35,800
Speaker 1: we didn't just record it, uther Jack, we did. It

8
00:00:35,960 --> 00:00:42,919
Speaker 1: was on police and turkeys, right, so, Chuck, Yes, you've

9
00:00:42,960 --> 00:00:48,920
Speaker 1: heard of Jared Diamond before, right, No rang familiar, Guns,

10
00:00:48,960 --> 00:00:54,120
Speaker 1: Germs and Steel. Okay, yeah, he uh he Um wrote Collapse.

11
00:00:54,560 --> 00:00:56,320
Speaker 1: He's known for that those two books. Don't think I

12
00:00:56,400 --> 00:00:58,840
Speaker 1: know that one. I think it came after Guns, Terms

13
00:00:58,840 --> 00:01:03,320
Speaker 1: and Steel. But he wrote one of my favorite journal

14
00:01:03,400 --> 00:01:06,680
Speaker 1: articles of all time is called the Worst Mistake in

15
00:01:06,760 --> 00:01:10,720
Speaker 1: the History of the human race about agriculture, about transitioning

16
00:01:10,720 --> 00:01:12,960
Speaker 1: to agriculture. I was going to guess on what that

17
00:01:13,040 --> 00:01:16,000
Speaker 1: might be. Oh, sorry, what what do you guess that

18
00:01:16,040 --> 00:01:20,800
Speaker 1: it's about the agriculture. Well, the thing is is it

19
00:01:20,920 --> 00:01:22,680
Speaker 1: may be the worst mistake in the history of the

20
00:01:22,720 --> 00:01:25,920
Speaker 1: human races. I've talked about it a million times. Um

21
00:01:26,000 --> 00:01:29,000
Speaker 1: the article that is um but he also wrote this

22
00:01:29,080 --> 00:01:33,520
Speaker 1: really interesting article called Evolution, Consequences and Future of Plant

23
00:01:33,560 --> 00:01:38,839
Speaker 1: and Animal Domestication, which sounds extremely boring, and it's in Nature,

24
00:01:38,959 --> 00:01:42,960
Speaker 1: the journal Nature. That it isn't boring. It's really really

25
00:01:43,000 --> 00:01:47,480
Speaker 1: interesting because in it he talks about animal domestication and

26
00:01:47,520 --> 00:01:49,880
Speaker 1: he says that it came about as a result of

27
00:01:50,360 --> 00:01:54,480
Speaker 1: typically and about the same time as agriculture, the Neolithic revolution,

28
00:01:54,920 --> 00:02:00,520
Speaker 1: where we went from hunter gatherers to agriculturists right to

29
00:02:00,640 --> 00:02:04,680
Speaker 1: farmers and everything changed, Like we grew shorter in stature,

30
00:02:05,160 --> 00:02:10,360
Speaker 1: our brains grew smaller, um, our jaws grew shorter. Um,

31
00:02:10,760 --> 00:02:15,760
Speaker 1: we we got just weird in a bunch of different ways, right, Um.

32
00:02:16,080 --> 00:02:18,440
Speaker 1: And it was as a result of agriculture. And if

33
00:02:18,440 --> 00:02:21,880
Speaker 1: you look at what happens when we domesticate animals, when

34
00:02:21,880 --> 00:02:24,239
Speaker 1: we take them from the wild and we plant them

35
00:02:24,280 --> 00:02:27,560
Speaker 1: next to us on a farm, the same thing happens.

36
00:02:28,240 --> 00:02:31,200
Speaker 1: So his point is, what he's arguing is that not

37
00:02:31,360 --> 00:02:35,959
Speaker 1: only did humans domesticate animals, humans in turn have become

38
00:02:36,000 --> 00:02:41,760
Speaker 1: domesticated themselves through agriculture. Yeah, there's probably nothing that's had

39
00:02:41,800 --> 00:02:45,960
Speaker 1: a greater impact, no single transition or change or concept

40
00:02:46,000 --> 00:02:50,040
Speaker 1: that's had a greater impact on Homo sapiens than the

41
00:02:50,120 --> 00:02:54,360
Speaker 1: Neolithic revolution or the transition to agriculture, and a big

42
00:02:54,400 --> 00:02:57,760
Speaker 1: part of that was the domestication of animals. They kind

43
00:02:57,760 --> 00:03:01,360
Speaker 1: of went hand in hand and hoof and hand, which

44
00:03:01,400 --> 00:03:04,639
Speaker 1: to me is hilarious because consider this, I think this

45
00:03:04,720 --> 00:03:07,520
Speaker 1: is the funniest thing I've ever thought of in my life.

46
00:03:08,440 --> 00:03:11,960
Speaker 1: Imagine being an alien come down to Earth, all right,

47
00:03:12,320 --> 00:03:16,360
Speaker 1: and uh, you're just walking along taking everything in and

48
00:03:16,480 --> 00:03:20,720
Speaker 1: you see a human riding a horse, and us it's

49
00:03:20,720 --> 00:03:23,200
Speaker 1: a human riding a horse. It makes during complete sense.

50
00:03:23,600 --> 00:03:26,040
Speaker 1: But if you're an alien, you see an animal riding

51
00:03:26,080 --> 00:03:29,040
Speaker 1: another animal, and that would have to be the funniest

52
00:03:29,040 --> 00:03:33,480
Speaker 1: thing you've ever seen ever. If you're a margin, yeah,

53
00:03:33,520 --> 00:03:37,200
Speaker 1: an animal riding another animal, you know, like those little

54
00:03:37,400 --> 00:03:40,640
Speaker 1: cowboy monkeys that ride dogs and stuff like that. It's hilarious.

55
00:03:40,680 --> 00:03:43,400
Speaker 1: And that same thing, it's the exact same thing. Or

56
00:03:43,440 --> 00:03:45,840
Speaker 1: when you watch Planet of the Apes an ape riding

57
00:03:45,840 --> 00:03:50,600
Speaker 1: a horse. That sound funny, that's unsettling, it's terrifying. Yeah,

58
00:03:50,760 --> 00:03:54,400
Speaker 1: that is the funniest thing ever you've ever said? Yes,

59
00:03:54,480 --> 00:03:57,800
Speaker 1: it is. Um so man, that was a good setup.

60
00:03:58,360 --> 00:03:59,880
Speaker 1: Thanks man. It's been a while since we've gotten in

61
00:03:59,880 --> 00:04:04,400
Speaker 1: all old Josh story. I get really excited about anthropology. Uh, well,

62
00:04:04,440 --> 00:04:09,080
Speaker 1: we are covering um domestication, and I guess we should

63
00:04:09,080 --> 00:04:12,360
Speaker 1: say off the bat that not everyone is on board UM.

64
00:04:12,560 --> 00:04:14,839
Speaker 1: Peter had to look this up because I wasn't sure

65
00:04:14,880 --> 00:04:20,120
Speaker 1: what their actual stance was regarding animal domestication. You had

66
00:04:20,120 --> 00:04:24,200
Speaker 1: to look that up. No about pets, sure, I wondered. UM.

67
00:04:24,240 --> 00:04:28,839
Speaker 1: Officially they are against pet keeping, but they they know

68
00:04:28,920 --> 00:04:31,880
Speaker 1: it's too late. They hate pets, but they know it's

69
00:04:31,920 --> 00:04:34,279
Speaker 1: too late. They're like, well, we know we're not. What

70
00:04:34,400 --> 00:04:37,640
Speaker 1: they are not for is for setting these animals free.

71
00:04:38,760 --> 00:04:41,760
Speaker 1: Here's why. The original co founder I think UM is

72
00:04:42,240 --> 00:04:46,240
Speaker 1: Ingrid new Kirk is an animal abolitionist, but pet is like,

73
00:04:46,320 --> 00:04:47,960
Speaker 1: it's way too far gone. We don't want you to

74
00:04:47,960 --> 00:04:50,120
Speaker 1: set these animals free. So we're gonna fight our fight

75
00:04:50,240 --> 00:04:53,040
Speaker 1: on spaying and neutering and reducing that population is much

76
00:04:53,080 --> 00:04:58,039
Speaker 1: as possible. But they are still officially against pets. But

77
00:04:58,120 --> 00:05:01,080
Speaker 1: their position actually does make sense as a extremely realistic

78
00:05:01,200 --> 00:05:06,799
Speaker 1: because there is a strict definition of a domesticated animal,

79
00:05:07,400 --> 00:05:11,839
Speaker 1: and domesticated animal is a is a species that was

80
00:05:11,920 --> 00:05:16,640
Speaker 1: formerly wild that has been taken in by humans and

81
00:05:16,920 --> 00:05:21,160
Speaker 1: whose characteristics have been so all ser radically altered by

82
00:05:21,240 --> 00:05:26,240
Speaker 1: humans that they can no longer feed themselves typically. Yeah,

83
00:05:26,240 --> 00:05:30,239
Speaker 1: it's it's when we actually change their genetic makeup. Yes,

84
00:05:30,320 --> 00:05:33,240
Speaker 1: And part of that change, part of the characteristic changes

85
00:05:33,320 --> 00:05:37,240
Speaker 1: that the food supply is controlled by humans. So if

86
00:05:37,320 --> 00:05:42,640
Speaker 1: you put say an average dog out, my dog luckily

87
00:05:42,680 --> 00:05:45,640
Speaker 1: would be dead in three days. Yeah, And somebody say, well,

88
00:05:45,680 --> 00:05:48,839
Speaker 1: they would forage through garbage humanity. If you took a

89
00:05:48,920 --> 00:05:53,320
Speaker 1: dog out of any kind of human area and put

90
00:05:53,360 --> 00:05:57,480
Speaker 1: it in the area, it may return to a primal state,

91
00:05:57,520 --> 00:06:01,800
Speaker 1: in which case that dog is reverted to a feral state. Now,

92
00:06:01,920 --> 00:06:04,880
Speaker 1: ferial animal is one that was formerly domesticated and then

93
00:06:04,880 --> 00:06:09,120
Speaker 1: went back to the wild. If you take a single

94
00:06:09,160 --> 00:06:12,279
Speaker 1: wolf and you teach it to jump up and grab

95
00:06:12,320 --> 00:06:15,200
Speaker 1: beef jerky out of your hands, what you have there,

96
00:06:15,240 --> 00:06:18,720
Speaker 1: because that's a tame wolf. Now, tame wolf could still

97
00:06:18,720 --> 00:06:22,279
Speaker 1: go fend for itself. It's a it's a tame individual.

98
00:06:22,800 --> 00:06:29,200
Speaker 1: A domesticated animal is one that's born comfortable associating with humans. Yeah,

99
00:06:29,240 --> 00:06:33,000
Speaker 1: And there's exceptions, of course, cats, the domestic house cat

100
00:06:33,040 --> 00:06:35,200
Speaker 1: being one. You could drop a cat out in the

101
00:06:35,200 --> 00:06:37,720
Speaker 1: middle of the woods and they would survive. They would

102
00:06:37,920 --> 00:06:42,640
Speaker 1: hunt mice and eat mice or whatever squirrels. Um. So

103
00:06:42,760 --> 00:06:45,800
Speaker 1: the and the domestic cat is its own species. But

104
00:06:45,880 --> 00:06:49,599
Speaker 1: that raises some questions under Jared Diamonds definition, the stricter

105
00:06:49,680 --> 00:06:53,320
Speaker 1: definition of a domestic animal. If if a cat can

106
00:06:53,360 --> 00:06:56,520
Speaker 1: just go like take care of itself, is it technically

107
00:06:56,600 --> 00:07:00,280
Speaker 1: feral or is it ever really domesticated? Or is it

108
00:07:00,400 --> 00:07:03,720
Speaker 1: just an agreement. Hey, I'll catch the mice in your

109
00:07:03,720 --> 00:07:07,600
Speaker 1: house and I like that wet food every day at

110
00:07:07,600 --> 00:07:10,960
Speaker 1: five pm, so I'll just hang out here and I

111
00:07:11,040 --> 00:07:13,120
Speaker 1: like to sleep under your chin. Like the cat. The

112
00:07:13,160 --> 00:07:16,560
Speaker 1: cat has found an agreeable arrangement that it could take

113
00:07:16,640 --> 00:07:19,480
Speaker 1: or leave in any time. Yeah, mutually beneficial. As we'll

114
00:07:19,480 --> 00:07:23,760
Speaker 1: see that. That's a consistent thing in the domestication of animals.

115
00:07:23,840 --> 00:07:27,240
Speaker 1: Is that, uh, some people believe that it's good for

116
00:07:27,280 --> 00:07:29,640
Speaker 1: the animal, it's good for the human. And we have

117
00:07:29,760 --> 00:07:33,720
Speaker 1: learned to scratch each other's backs in many different ways

118
00:07:33,800 --> 00:07:37,040
Speaker 1: literally even in some cases. So a little bit of

119
00:07:37,080 --> 00:07:39,440
Speaker 1: a good background for this one might be to listen

120
00:07:39,480 --> 00:07:44,560
Speaker 1: to our show on natural selection, because um, well it

121
00:07:44,600 --> 00:07:47,520
Speaker 1: covers natural selection, but there's another kind of selection called

122
00:07:47,600 --> 00:07:51,280
Speaker 1: artificial selection when it comes to domesticating animals, and that

123
00:07:51,440 --> 00:07:54,520
Speaker 1: is not the same thing. That is when humans are

124
00:07:54,600 --> 00:08:00,560
Speaker 1: choosing these desirable traits and making it so through breeding. Um,

125
00:08:00,600 --> 00:08:04,160
Speaker 1: like the the original horses, the first domesticated horses were

126
00:08:04,520 --> 00:08:07,360
Speaker 1: they smoked cigars, they did. We broke them of that.

127
00:08:08,080 --> 00:08:10,080
Speaker 1: Now they were small like ponies. There were little ones,

128
00:08:10,160 --> 00:08:12,440
Speaker 1: a little wild horses in Mongolia. I think they call

129
00:08:12,480 --> 00:08:19,680
Speaker 1: him the Zewalski's not a family in Pittsburgh. No, it

130
00:08:19,760 --> 00:08:22,200
Speaker 1: was a Russian army officer that they're named after. But

131
00:08:22,240 --> 00:08:24,720
Speaker 1: when you start your name with three consonants, I never

132
00:08:24,760 --> 00:08:27,240
Speaker 1: know which one is silent. Okay, so how do you

133
00:08:27,280 --> 00:08:30,200
Speaker 1: spell it? P r z oh? I was not guess

134
00:08:30,320 --> 00:08:33,079
Speaker 1: that's e w Alski. So I'm just gonna say z

135
00:08:33,120 --> 00:08:38,040
Speaker 1: Wolski's horse. But um, people were at one point like, man,

136
00:08:38,080 --> 00:08:39,839
Speaker 1: I'd love to ride that thing, but he's too small.

137
00:08:40,240 --> 00:08:42,439
Speaker 1: So find the biggest one that's a male, and find

138
00:08:42,480 --> 00:08:44,760
Speaker 1: the biggest one that's a female, make them go have sex,

139
00:08:45,280 --> 00:08:48,880
Speaker 1: and maybe they'll have a bigger one, bigger son, and

140
00:08:48,880 --> 00:08:51,679
Speaker 1: then make that one mate with someone big. And eventually

141
00:08:51,679 --> 00:08:53,240
Speaker 1: these things are going to be big enough to where

142
00:08:53,240 --> 00:08:55,559
Speaker 1: we can ride them, and then by proxy throw away

143
00:08:55,600 --> 00:08:58,040
Speaker 1: the ones that don't fit the criteria that we want

144
00:08:58,320 --> 00:09:01,560
Speaker 1: or use them for something else. Sure food, But that's

145
00:09:01,600 --> 00:09:04,320
Speaker 1: what we did with dogs too. Like you got a

146
00:09:04,320 --> 00:09:10,000
Speaker 1: bunch of different ones, right, say, big, small, soft, furry, um, fast, cuddly,

147
00:09:10,520 --> 00:09:12,920
Speaker 1: and we we said, well, we like this one for this,

148
00:09:13,000 --> 00:09:15,360
Speaker 1: and we like that one for that, and so artificial

149
00:09:15,400 --> 00:09:17,960
Speaker 1: selection was still going on. We were just spreading it

150
00:09:18,000 --> 00:09:20,240
Speaker 1: out all over the place. With like say a horse

151
00:09:20,360 --> 00:09:23,600
Speaker 1: or something. We wanted bigger and stronger because we wanted

152
00:09:23,640 --> 00:09:27,959
Speaker 1: to ride them. Uh, and we also wanted to apparently

153
00:09:28,240 --> 00:09:31,160
Speaker 1: drink their milk, which I did not know, but it

154
00:09:31,240 --> 00:09:33,840
Speaker 1: makes sense that horses produced milk because their mammals. But

155
00:09:34,120 --> 00:09:36,839
Speaker 1: apparently our ancestors used to drink horse milk. You never

156
00:09:36,840 --> 00:09:39,840
Speaker 1: had horse milk, no, And I want to know if

157
00:09:39,840 --> 00:09:44,080
Speaker 1: there's anyone out there listening who's tasted horse milk, please

158
00:09:44,080 --> 00:09:46,960
Speaker 1: describe it. Did someone out there is drinking horse milk

159
00:09:47,480 --> 00:09:50,000
Speaker 1: right now while they're listening to the show. One of

160
00:09:50,000 --> 00:09:53,800
Speaker 1: our Mongolian listening straight from the teeth. I think they're like,

161
00:09:53,840 --> 00:09:56,319
Speaker 1: they used the horse for all sorts of stuff. The Mongolians.

162
00:09:56,400 --> 00:09:59,080
Speaker 1: They're also like excellent riders. Yeah. I think that that

163
00:09:59,480 --> 00:10:04,160
Speaker 1: ze Wolsky horses is in Mongolia again, Yeah, after being

164
00:10:04,200 --> 00:10:06,839
Speaker 1: nearly extinct. I might be wrong about that. So um.

165
00:10:06,880 --> 00:10:09,680
Speaker 1: In addition to selecting the big horse, we also did

166
00:10:09,679 --> 00:10:13,760
Speaker 1: some cool stuff with sheep. We um we selected out

167
00:10:13,800 --> 00:10:18,880
Speaker 1: there they had um, longer, coarser hair that we didn't

168
00:10:18,880 --> 00:10:21,960
Speaker 1: want that camp. Yeah, we wanted the softer stuff that

169
00:10:22,040 --> 00:10:24,840
Speaker 1: was inside a k a. The wool. So we bread

170
00:10:24,920 --> 00:10:28,680
Speaker 1: sheep that had more wool than kemp until basically you

171
00:10:28,720 --> 00:10:30,840
Speaker 1: can't find kemp in sheep any longer. And they were

172
00:10:30,880 --> 00:10:33,880
Speaker 1: one of the first domesticated animals, right, the sheep. Yet

173
00:10:33,960 --> 00:10:38,199
Speaker 1: they were um chickens uh don't normally produce eggs as

174
00:10:38,240 --> 00:10:42,479
Speaker 1: frequently as as they do uh once they've been domesticated,

175
00:10:43,080 --> 00:10:45,680
Speaker 1: and like a Rhode Island red ll produced five to

176
00:10:45,760 --> 00:10:49,520
Speaker 1: seven a week. That's a lot of eggs. Yeah, apparently

177
00:10:49,559 --> 00:10:51,800
Speaker 1: the original chicken too. I didn't look this up, but

178
00:10:51,880 --> 00:10:53,760
Speaker 1: I remember a friend of mine that was a vegetarian.

179
00:10:55,320 --> 00:10:57,920
Speaker 1: I witnessed an argument between a vegetarian and mediate, which

180
00:10:57,920 --> 00:11:01,599
Speaker 1: is always fun because I don't get involved in that stuff. Um,

181
00:11:01,640 --> 00:11:02,960
Speaker 1: and I think when I was like, well, look at

182
00:11:02,960 --> 00:11:04,320
Speaker 1: the chickens. You know what else are they gonna do?

183
00:11:04,920 --> 00:11:06,920
Speaker 1: You know, what are they good for? And he was like, dude,

184
00:11:06,920 --> 00:11:09,800
Speaker 1: the original chicken wasn't anything like this chicken. The original

185
00:11:09,800 --> 00:11:12,560
Speaker 1: wild chicken was like taller and leaner and ran super

186
00:11:12,600 --> 00:11:16,960
Speaker 1: fast and road runner. I guess, yeah, I guess solve

187
00:11:17,040 --> 00:11:22,400
Speaker 1: crimes and uh, and did all sorts of chickeny things

188
00:11:22,440 --> 00:11:25,440
Speaker 1: that weren't just being slaughtered for food. And apparently the

189
00:11:25,559 --> 00:11:30,560
Speaker 1: first chickens were domesticated. They think for um, cock fighting, Yeah,

190
00:11:30,600 --> 00:11:33,920
Speaker 1: for entertainment. Yeah. Crazy. We have a shameful, shapeful history,

191
00:11:33,960 --> 00:11:39,760
Speaker 1: don't we as people humans? Yeah? So Diamond, Um, you

192
00:11:39,760 --> 00:11:41,880
Speaker 1: you would think, if we can domesticate animals, why don't

193
00:11:41,880 --> 00:11:44,920
Speaker 1: we just domesticate them all and use them for purposes? Uh?

194
00:11:44,960 --> 00:11:48,160
Speaker 1: And Diamond rites that only about fourteen animal species out

195
00:11:48,200 --> 00:11:51,800
Speaker 1: of a hundred and forty eight candidates have been domesticated,

196
00:11:51,840 --> 00:11:56,480
Speaker 1: and that's because we can't domesticate every animal. There's certain things,

197
00:11:56,480 --> 00:12:00,520
Speaker 1: certain criteria that even opens up the possibility. Yeah, there's

198
00:12:00,559 --> 00:12:04,000
Speaker 1: like a six point checklist basically, and it's not progressive

199
00:12:04,360 --> 00:12:07,720
Speaker 1: if any one of these with these characteristics or treats

200
00:12:08,080 --> 00:12:11,439
Speaker 1: isn't Matt, Yeah, it pretty much just throws off the

201
00:12:11,440 --> 00:12:13,840
Speaker 1: whole deal. So you gotta have all six, all right?

202
00:12:13,920 --> 00:12:16,800
Speaker 1: Those six are the first. One is the right diet

203
00:12:16,840 --> 00:12:21,839
Speaker 1: if you're a picky animal, like, um, what's what's the

204
00:12:21,880 --> 00:12:25,520
Speaker 1: one that only eats bamboo? The bamboo to those dumb,

205
00:12:26,120 --> 00:12:31,720
Speaker 1: dumb koalas koalas, Now they eucalyptus. A man, I'm glad

206
00:12:31,800 --> 00:12:33,960
Speaker 1: you remember that. Yeah, you're not gonna be able to

207
00:12:34,240 --> 00:12:36,640
Speaker 1: domesticate a koala because what you want is something that

208
00:12:36,679 --> 00:12:40,640
Speaker 1: you can feed in mass quantities on cheap accessible food.

209
00:12:40,920 --> 00:12:44,600
Speaker 1: Oh well, actually bamboo would be the way to go.

210
00:12:45,000 --> 00:12:47,840
Speaker 1: It's eucalyptus. Yeah, I don't know how eucalyptus, because if

211
00:12:47,840 --> 00:12:51,160
Speaker 1: they bamboo, they'd probably be domesticated in that. Well. No,

212
00:12:51,320 --> 00:12:54,480
Speaker 1: by cheap accessible food, I think they mean like millions

213
00:12:54,480 --> 00:12:56,960
Speaker 1: of pounds of feed that you can put in a trough. Dude.

214
00:12:56,960 --> 00:12:59,400
Speaker 1: Bamboo is like one of the fastest growing plants on Earth.

215
00:12:59,520 --> 00:13:04,320
Speaker 1: Not lots that are still talking about ecous, but but

216
00:13:04,440 --> 00:13:07,880
Speaker 1: this bamboo thing. Have you heard about bamboo? You know,

217
00:13:07,920 --> 00:13:11,120
Speaker 1: I have a company that grows oh, Josh's Bamboo floors.

218
00:13:12,920 --> 00:13:16,120
Speaker 1: The number two thing is a fast growth rate. So um, yeah,

219
00:13:16,320 --> 00:13:19,040
Speaker 1: they gotta you know, be able to grow quick and

220
00:13:19,520 --> 00:13:21,840
Speaker 1: so you can use them. Yeah. So like if we'd

221
00:13:21,880 --> 00:13:25,840
Speaker 1: figured out how to use gorillas to build skyscrapers, that'd

222
00:13:25,880 --> 00:13:28,199
Speaker 1: be awesome, but it would take forever to build a

223
00:13:28,240 --> 00:13:33,280
Speaker 1: skyscraper because gorilla is only reproduced fairly and frequently. Okay,

224
00:13:33,320 --> 00:13:36,080
Speaker 1: so we need something that can build a skyscraper fast.

225
00:13:36,200 --> 00:13:39,480
Speaker 1: And that's why that didn't work when they tried it. Yeah,

226
00:13:39,640 --> 00:13:41,840
Speaker 1: but that one gorilla wearing that hard hat got a

227
00:13:41,880 --> 00:13:46,600
Speaker 1: lot of laughs. Uh friendly disposition. Um, that's pretty clear.

228
00:13:47,080 --> 00:13:51,800
Speaker 1: If you're a Kodiak bear, you're not going to be domesticated.

229
00:13:51,960 --> 00:13:56,000
Speaker 1: They tried that. They tried grizzlies at one point. That's

230
00:13:56,000 --> 00:14:02,800
Speaker 1: a failed domestication. Yeah. Um. Zebras very famously can't be domesticated. Yeah,

231
00:14:02,800 --> 00:14:04,520
Speaker 1: because I imagine people would be like, man, I want

232
00:14:04,520 --> 00:14:06,559
Speaker 1: to ride that thing. It's cool looking, yeah, and it'll

233
00:14:06,600 --> 00:14:10,280
Speaker 1: bite you to death. Really. Yeah. Apparently in that Jared

234
00:14:10,280 --> 00:14:14,560
Speaker 1: Diamond article, he says that zookeepers zebras account for more

235
00:14:14,640 --> 00:14:19,080
Speaker 1: injuries to zookeepers than any other animal at the zoo. Man, Yeah,

236
00:14:19,120 --> 00:14:24,880
Speaker 1: that is one piste off stripy horse. They're not horses

237
00:14:24,880 --> 00:14:28,520
Speaker 1: at all, though, are they They're related for sure, but

238
00:14:28,680 --> 00:14:31,600
Speaker 1: the um so the zebras one and then koala is

239
00:14:31,640 --> 00:14:36,120
Speaker 1: too apparently are like ferocious little animals eat while they

240
00:14:36,160 --> 00:14:41,280
Speaker 1: they're tied to eat in bamboo, right, um one to

241
00:14:41,600 --> 00:14:45,400
Speaker 1: three four? Easy breeding, Yeah, that's pretty obvious. You gotta

242
00:14:45,400 --> 00:14:48,120
Speaker 1: be able to pump out little baby puppies quickly, yes,

243
00:14:48,160 --> 00:14:51,760
Speaker 1: because some animals like just shut down when you when

244
00:14:51,880 --> 00:14:56,040
Speaker 1: they're captive, like, they don't breed like pandas have a

245
00:14:56,120 --> 00:14:59,040
Speaker 1: lot of trouble breeding and captivity too. Is that why

246
00:14:59,040 --> 00:15:01,520
Speaker 1: it's always such a big deal when they're born at

247
00:15:01,520 --> 00:15:04,720
Speaker 1: the zoo or when like twins are born like at

248
00:15:04,720 --> 00:15:09,400
Speaker 1: the Atlanta Zoo. Oh, man, I don't know about zoos. Well,

249
00:15:09,520 --> 00:15:11,640
Speaker 1: we did a podcast on that. I think that's the

250
00:15:11,680 --> 00:15:13,560
Speaker 1: conclusion we came to. Huh, I think that was the

251
00:15:13,600 --> 00:15:16,120
Speaker 1: title of it. Man, I don't know about zoos. What

252
00:15:16,160 --> 00:15:18,560
Speaker 1: does he call her? Zoo's good or bad for animals? Yeah?

253
00:15:18,600 --> 00:15:20,520
Speaker 1: That was a good episode. Yeah, that's one of those

254
00:15:20,520 --> 00:15:23,359
Speaker 1: long lost overlooked ones. They are so good. That's polarizing

255
00:15:23,360 --> 00:15:27,040
Speaker 1: to man. I did some Facebook posting about killer whales

256
00:15:27,040 --> 00:15:33,680
Speaker 1: in captivity, and people really feel passionately about like Blackfish

257
00:15:33,720 --> 00:15:37,240
Speaker 1: about supporting Sea World or not supporting Sea World. Um,

258
00:15:37,280 --> 00:15:39,800
Speaker 1: and that black fish is a bunch of bunk. And

259
00:15:39,840 --> 00:15:46,280
Speaker 1: apparently Blackfishes was highly manipulated the documentary was. But at

260
00:15:46,320 --> 00:15:47,360
Speaker 1: the end of all of that, I was like, I

261
00:15:47,400 --> 00:15:48,920
Speaker 1: don't care. I just don't think they should be kept

262
00:15:48,920 --> 00:15:53,040
Speaker 1: in captivity this one particular thing. Um. But that was

263
00:15:53,080 --> 00:15:57,040
Speaker 1: just me respect of a social hierarchy, that's a big one,

264
00:15:57,600 --> 00:15:59,960
Speaker 1: because if you don't, if you can't be the alpha

265
00:16:00,120 --> 00:16:02,240
Speaker 1: dog and the leader of the pack, then you're gonna

266
00:16:02,280 --> 00:16:04,920
Speaker 1: have a very hard time domesticating that animal. Yeah, but

267
00:16:05,200 --> 00:16:08,040
Speaker 1: with a cat being an exception, an animal um that

268
00:16:08,160 --> 00:16:12,400
Speaker 1: does follow a social hierarchy is basically pre arranged to

269
00:16:12,400 --> 00:16:15,440
Speaker 1: be domesticated because you just take that alpha male and

270
00:16:15,520 --> 00:16:17,120
Speaker 1: punch him in the face a couple of times in

271
00:16:17,160 --> 00:16:19,880
Speaker 1: front of everybody, make them cry, and then now you're

272
00:16:19,920 --> 00:16:24,000
Speaker 1: the alpha male and you say start laying eggs and

273
00:16:24,080 --> 00:16:27,760
Speaker 1: they listen to you, and then they're domesticated, at least

274
00:16:27,760 --> 00:16:30,600
Speaker 1: in that respect, after you've punched the chicken. Yeah, but

275
00:16:30,720 --> 00:16:34,200
Speaker 1: that's a that's a big one. Is with that social hierarchy,

276
00:16:34,200 --> 00:16:37,840
Speaker 1: it sets them up there predisposed to our method of domestication,

277
00:16:37,840 --> 00:16:41,120
Speaker 1: which is listening to humans and like sheep, it's mind

278
00:16:41,200 --> 00:16:46,920
Speaker 1: blowing because sheep, they're herd animal that follows an alpha leader, right,

279
00:16:47,920 --> 00:16:51,040
Speaker 1: and so we have gotten so we're just show offs

280
00:16:51,040 --> 00:16:53,840
Speaker 1: when it comes to animal domestication. We're so good that

281
00:16:53,960 --> 00:16:57,400
Speaker 1: we've taken one of our domesticated animals, the dog, and

282
00:16:57,440 --> 00:17:01,680
Speaker 1: put the dog in as they for mail of the sheep. Yeah,

283
00:17:01,800 --> 00:17:05,359
Speaker 1: that's how sheep are herded. That's that's just showing off

284
00:17:05,640 --> 00:17:09,919
Speaker 1: the aliens. That's another good alien. Laugh. Well, the double

285
00:17:10,040 --> 00:17:13,680
Speaker 1: domestications and the dog leading the sheep. Um. And it's

286
00:17:13,680 --> 00:17:16,200
Speaker 1: funny too if you've ever had a dog that's a

287
00:17:16,280 --> 00:17:18,880
Speaker 1: hurting has the hurting instinct when you see that play

288
00:17:18,920 --> 00:17:21,640
Speaker 1: out in your own home. Uh, we used to see

289
00:17:21,680 --> 00:17:23,440
Speaker 1: it all the time with Lucy. She would totally hurt

290
00:17:23,520 --> 00:17:25,440
Speaker 1: us and when we let her out in the backyard,

291
00:17:25,480 --> 00:17:28,320
Speaker 1: she would walk the perimeter of the fence, you know,

292
00:17:28,400 --> 00:17:31,960
Speaker 1: instead of running through the middle of it. Very interesting stuff,

293
00:17:32,280 --> 00:17:35,640
Speaker 1: that original, those original tendencies. Uh. And then the last

294
00:17:35,640 --> 00:17:37,960
Speaker 1: one is they want panic. Um, if you have an

295
00:17:37,960 --> 00:17:42,160
Speaker 1: animal that freaks out behind defence like dear, Yeah, it's

296
00:17:42,200 --> 00:17:44,760
Speaker 1: it's uh that you're gonna have a real hard time there.

297
00:17:44,800 --> 00:17:47,400
Speaker 1: But like we said, there are exceptions because wolves were

298
00:17:47,440 --> 00:17:52,120
Speaker 1: fierce and cats, uh don't follow a pack leader. Um.

299
00:17:52,160 --> 00:17:54,840
Speaker 1: And we're gonna get to dogs and cats a little later,

300
00:17:55,359 --> 00:17:57,240
Speaker 1: but first, right after this break, we're gonna talk a

301
00:17:57,280 --> 00:18:02,280
Speaker 1: little bit about the history of domestication. Chuck. You know

302
00:18:02,320 --> 00:18:06,000
Speaker 1: who makes a cool website? Uh? Yeah, you do if

303
00:18:06,000 --> 00:18:08,800
Speaker 1: you use squarespace dot com. That is absolutely right. And

304
00:18:08,920 --> 00:18:12,920
Speaker 1: squarespace is not only the great functional engine for making

305
00:18:12,920 --> 00:18:16,520
Speaker 1: the best websites you can possibly make. It's easy, it's intuitive.

306
00:18:16,680 --> 00:18:19,520
Speaker 1: It uses dragon drop for Pete's sake. That's right. You're

307
00:18:19,520 --> 00:18:22,200
Speaker 1: gonna have a beautiful, clean design. Your website is gonna

308
00:18:22,240 --> 00:18:25,080
Speaker 1: look super great. Your content basically is gonna become the

309
00:18:25,080 --> 00:18:27,400
Speaker 1: focus of your website, which is what everyone wants. Yeah,

310
00:18:27,400 --> 00:18:29,480
Speaker 1: and if you get jammed up, man, you just get

311
00:18:29,480 --> 00:18:33,040
Speaker 1: in touch with squar space. They have seven customer support

312
00:18:33,480 --> 00:18:36,360
Speaker 1: through email and live chat. That's right. And if you're

313
00:18:36,359 --> 00:18:38,679
Speaker 1: interested in selling some of your weares all plans have

314
00:18:38,720 --> 00:18:41,159
Speaker 1: commerce options, which is really cool. You can host an

315
00:18:41,280 --> 00:18:44,159
Speaker 1: entire store, you can accept donations for your personal blog.

316
00:18:44,480 --> 00:18:47,119
Speaker 1: Makes it really handy to make a few bucks, and

317
00:18:47,280 --> 00:18:49,880
Speaker 1: your site looks good on every device. Plus you can

318
00:18:49,880 --> 00:18:52,600
Speaker 1: trial this risk free. Go to squares space dot com

319
00:18:52,640 --> 00:18:56,040
Speaker 1: slash stuff and because you know Chuck and Josh, you'll

320
00:18:56,080 --> 00:18:59,600
Speaker 1: get a fourteen day trial with no credit card necessary.

321
00:18:59,680 --> 00:19:01,359
Speaker 1: That's right. And if you like the service, it's gonna

322
00:19:01,400 --> 00:19:03,320
Speaker 1: cost us low as eight dollars a month and it's

323
00:19:03,320 --> 00:19:05,439
Speaker 1: gonna include a free domain name if you sign up

324
00:19:05,480 --> 00:19:07,840
Speaker 1: for a year. All you gotta do, once again is

325
00:19:07,920 --> 00:19:10,840
Speaker 1: use our offer code stuff and you'll get ten percent

326
00:19:10,840 --> 00:19:13,640
Speaker 1: off that first purchase. That's right. So go to squarespace

327
00:19:13,720 --> 00:19:19,040
Speaker 1: dot com slash stuff right now. So if you listen

328
00:19:19,080 --> 00:19:23,520
Speaker 1: to our show on cave Art, you know that. And

329
00:19:23,800 --> 00:19:30,320
Speaker 1: on Egyptology, you know the animals mummification, Yeah probably, so

330
00:19:30,480 --> 00:19:33,159
Speaker 1: you know, the animals have been tied to humans for

331
00:19:33,160 --> 00:19:35,359
Speaker 1: a long time and revered by humans for a long time,

332
00:19:35,680 --> 00:19:38,000
Speaker 1: as evidenced by the fact that they buried them and

333
00:19:38,000 --> 00:19:40,200
Speaker 1: they mummified them, and they painted them on their walls,

334
00:19:40,280 --> 00:19:44,800
Speaker 1: painted pictures of us riding them. Yeah yeah, um yeah,

335
00:19:44,840 --> 00:19:47,840
Speaker 1: they they they think that the um, the first animal

336
00:19:47,920 --> 00:19:52,080
Speaker 1: to be domesticated by far was the dog. How awesome

337
00:19:52,119 --> 00:19:55,880
Speaker 1: is that hunter gatherer society was and the dog were

338
00:19:56,000 --> 00:20:00,560
Speaker 1: pals long before agriculture ever came along, but about the

339
00:20:00,600 --> 00:20:03,719
Speaker 1: time of the agricultural revolution, which is and get this,

340
00:20:03,840 --> 00:20:07,840
Speaker 1: check this out, uh, ten thousand, five hundred years BP

341
00:20:08,800 --> 00:20:14,760
Speaker 1: to about forty hundred years BP before present. Is that

342
00:20:14,800 --> 00:20:17,560
Speaker 1: the one. Yeah, that's like the scientific way of saying,

343
00:20:18,080 --> 00:20:21,040
Speaker 1: there's no like zero year or anything like that. It's

344
00:20:21,119 --> 00:20:27,640
Speaker 1: just ten years before present, the full before present. Not British,

345
00:20:28,240 --> 00:20:33,760
Speaker 1: that was New Zealand. Uh So basically, at some point

346
00:20:34,240 --> 00:20:38,200
Speaker 1: about ten thousand, five hundred years ago, what they think

347
00:20:38,240 --> 00:20:42,440
Speaker 1: happened is the Earth's climate changed. Um, maybe we killed

348
00:20:42,440 --> 00:20:45,439
Speaker 1: off enough of the mega fauna through over hunting or

349
00:20:45,480 --> 00:20:49,840
Speaker 1: through climate change they just went extinct. And Um, about

350
00:20:49,880 --> 00:20:53,119
Speaker 1: that time, some plants came around that we noticed we

351
00:20:53,200 --> 00:20:57,560
Speaker 1: really liked, and maybe accidentally we started growing them. And

352
00:20:57,600 --> 00:20:59,720
Speaker 1: then we figured out that we could just select these

353
00:20:59,720 --> 00:21:03,320
Speaker 1: one and through a process of artificial and natural selection,

354
00:21:03,359 --> 00:21:06,960
Speaker 1: merged together we got agriculture. And about that same time

355
00:21:07,440 --> 00:21:13,520
Speaker 1: we started to domesticate pigs, sheep, and cattle. I think

356
00:21:13,560 --> 00:21:15,760
Speaker 1: we're the big first three and they still are the

357
00:21:15,800 --> 00:21:20,560
Speaker 1: big three, Like those are the money domesticated animals, you know. Well, yeah,

358
00:21:20,600 --> 00:21:23,040
Speaker 1: and like you said, it's tied to human natural selection

359
00:21:23,040 --> 00:21:25,919
Speaker 1: as well, because if you are the tribe that has

360
00:21:25,960 --> 00:21:29,439
Speaker 1: figured out how to keep cattle, then you're gonna do

361
00:21:29,520 --> 00:21:32,639
Speaker 1: better than your neighboring tribe that hasn't yet. And so

362
00:21:32,840 --> 00:21:36,440
Speaker 1: you are going to be more successful as a civilization. Yeah,

363
00:21:36,480 --> 00:21:39,200
Speaker 1: you are, and you're going to conquer like we talked about,

364
00:21:39,200 --> 00:21:41,800
Speaker 1: and I think the Royalty one. We talked a lot

365
00:21:41,800 --> 00:21:46,880
Speaker 1: about um tribes conquering other tribes through agriculture, through exporting

366
00:21:46,920 --> 00:21:50,440
Speaker 1: agriculture and um as a result, Jared Diamond points out,

367
00:21:50,600 --> 00:21:54,640
Speaker 1: eight percent of humans alive today speak one of seven

368
00:21:54,840 --> 00:21:59,200
Speaker 1: language families and they come from two places in Eurasia,

369
00:21:59,359 --> 00:22:02,479
Speaker 1: which were the places for agriculture to take group. So

370
00:22:02,560 --> 00:22:10,280
Speaker 1: basically those tribes were so effective because of agriculture. Today

371
00:22:10,520 --> 00:22:13,800
Speaker 1: we still basically the vast majority to speak one of

372
00:22:13,840 --> 00:22:18,840
Speaker 1: seven language groups. That's crazy. Here's all these thousands of

373
00:22:18,920 --> 00:22:23,639
Speaker 1: years later, that's how effective agriculture was. It, asserting Authorida,

374
00:22:23,920 --> 00:22:27,080
Speaker 1: we should do one on agriculture, the Birth of agriculture.

375
00:22:27,080 --> 00:22:30,440
Speaker 1: I can't believe we haven't yet. Yeah, let's do it, agreed.

376
00:22:31,000 --> 00:22:35,520
Speaker 1: So back to animals. Uh, here's a little breakdown of

377
00:22:35,840 --> 00:22:39,679
Speaker 1: where some of your favorite animals came from So in

378
00:22:39,720 --> 00:22:44,160
Speaker 1: Southeast Asia's where you uh first got your goats, pick pigs,

379
00:22:45,080 --> 00:22:49,960
Speaker 1: sheep and dogs. Southwest Asia. Yeah, we went over to

380
00:22:50,000 --> 00:22:54,199
Speaker 1: Central it's like Mesopotamia. Okay, these are the birth of

381
00:22:54,200 --> 00:22:58,080
Speaker 1: it all. Yes, um, Centraliser, you're gonna get your chickens

382
00:22:58,520 --> 00:23:02,639
Speaker 1: and you're too humped bactry in sablets pronounced yeah, it

383
00:23:02,680 --> 00:23:07,720
Speaker 1: looks like camel Central Asia. Yeah. And those camels were

384
00:23:07,720 --> 00:23:10,800
Speaker 1: actually um well known for long hair and they can

385
00:23:10,880 --> 00:23:13,560
Speaker 1: survive in cold climates. Yes, and they're not just desert

386
00:23:14,200 --> 00:23:18,200
Speaker 1: dwellers right. And apparently when they were domesticated, it created

387
00:23:18,240 --> 00:23:22,240
Speaker 1: such a revolution that some societies stopped using the wheel

388
00:23:22,600 --> 00:23:24,680
Speaker 1: because they're like, we don't need the wheel anymore. We

389
00:23:24,760 --> 00:23:27,239
Speaker 1: got camels, like the wheel left all together and then

390
00:23:27,280 --> 00:23:31,919
Speaker 1: came back when someone said, uh, cars are pretty cool too. Yeah,

391
00:23:32,119 --> 00:23:35,880
Speaker 1: actually as much sooner than that. Um Arabia is where

392
00:23:35,920 --> 00:23:39,879
Speaker 1: you have the Arabian camel with a single hump. Um China,

393
00:23:40,080 --> 00:23:46,200
Speaker 1: they domesticated pigs and the water buffalo and dogs. Move

394
00:23:46,240 --> 00:23:49,080
Speaker 1: over to the Ukraine and you've got the wild Tarpaan

395
00:23:49,359 --> 00:23:53,000
Speaker 1: horses and uh that's what most folks think are the original.

396
00:23:53,240 --> 00:23:57,960
Speaker 1: Um the original the o g the original horse, even

397
00:23:58,000 --> 00:24:00,920
Speaker 1: though I read about the small ones in Mongolia. Yeah,

398
00:24:01,160 --> 00:24:08,080
Speaker 1: the Yeah, it was new ski here the h um. Yeah,

399
00:24:08,119 --> 00:24:10,240
Speaker 1: I'm gonna have to look that up. And then Egypt

400
00:24:10,320 --> 00:24:13,560
Speaker 1: you've got your donkeys. And then South America you've got

401
00:24:13,560 --> 00:24:16,240
Speaker 1: your lama and your alpaca. Lama as a beast of

402
00:24:16,280 --> 00:24:19,720
Speaker 1: burden in the alpaca for their soft wool, and the

403
00:24:19,720 --> 00:24:23,600
Speaker 1: guinea pig for their meat. Really yeah in South America, Yeah,

404
00:24:23,760 --> 00:24:27,160
Speaker 1: the andies. I don't want to eat any pig. That's

405
00:24:27,160 --> 00:24:33,440
Speaker 1: what they were britt for originally. Wow. Um. And those

406
00:24:33,480 --> 00:24:36,000
Speaker 1: were some of the earliest ones in Jared Diamond again,

407
00:24:36,280 --> 00:24:39,600
Speaker 1: I know I keep sighting, but man, this guy's great ideas.

408
00:24:39,760 --> 00:24:43,600
Speaker 1: Is he live? Yeah? Okay, so he's he's a modern man. Yeah,

409
00:24:43,840 --> 00:24:46,960
Speaker 1: he's got a little beat nick pointy beard and everything. Yeah,

410
00:24:47,040 --> 00:24:49,439
Speaker 1: he's a good guy. Let's get in touch with them. Okay,

411
00:24:50,040 --> 00:24:54,720
Speaker 1: attention Jared Diamond, please contact us for reasons we'll figure

412
00:24:54,720 --> 00:24:57,640
Speaker 1: out later. Yeah, stuff podcast at how stuff works. Put

413
00:24:57,640 --> 00:25:03,199
Speaker 1: in the subject line, I'm Jared Diamond, bigative. It'll be

414
00:25:03,280 --> 00:25:10,119
Speaker 1: Lou Bega posing as Jared Diamond. Um. So, Diamond pointed

415
00:25:10,119 --> 00:25:15,440
Speaker 1: out that over the last thousand years, only one substantial

416
00:25:16,480 --> 00:25:19,720
Speaker 1: animal has been added to the list of domesticated animals.

417
00:25:20,320 --> 00:25:23,800
Speaker 1: So basically we were good at it to start and

418
00:25:23,840 --> 00:25:28,439
Speaker 1: we did everything we could. Basically, almost all animals that

419
00:25:28,480 --> 00:25:31,200
Speaker 1: are going to be domesticated on Earth have been domestically.

420
00:25:32,040 --> 00:25:36,240
Speaker 1: It was the reindeer. Oh, the hamster would until yes,

421
00:25:36,400 --> 00:25:39,480
Speaker 1: I know. And if you read that, that's technically a

422
00:25:39,560 --> 00:25:44,359
Speaker 1: tamed animal. Oh, it's not domesticated, not under the strictest definition,

423
00:25:44,400 --> 00:25:48,600
Speaker 1: where it's like the animals are born in their genetically

424
00:25:48,680 --> 00:25:51,600
Speaker 1: more comfortable around humans are born that way. With it.

425
00:25:51,760 --> 00:25:54,560
Speaker 1: With a tamed animal, you're like inventing the wheel with

426
00:25:54,600 --> 00:25:59,240
Speaker 1: each individual organism with us. With a domesticated animal, you've

427
00:25:59,280 --> 00:26:02,440
Speaker 1: taken a wild PCs and you've selected it enough so

428
00:26:02,480 --> 00:26:06,000
Speaker 1: that when an animal is born, it's cool being around

429
00:26:06,000 --> 00:26:09,440
Speaker 1: a human, whereas like if you're around like a gerbil

430
00:26:09,720 --> 00:26:12,720
Speaker 1: or a hamster baby, it's not gonna be cool around you.

431
00:26:13,119 --> 00:26:16,280
Speaker 1: It doesn't have, you know, thousands of years of genetic

432
00:26:16,280 --> 00:26:19,800
Speaker 1: information telling it that from birth it can be comfortable

433
00:26:19,840 --> 00:26:23,600
Speaker 1: with you because you're gonna give it some pellets to eat, okay,

434
00:26:23,680 --> 00:26:27,520
Speaker 1: Whereas a dog a puppy will just automatically snuggle up

435
00:26:27,560 --> 00:26:30,000
Speaker 1: with you, right, But think about getting close to a

436
00:26:30,040 --> 00:26:36,280
Speaker 1: wolf pup. It's gonna be problematic. M let's go try

437
00:26:36,400 --> 00:26:39,399
Speaker 1: right now. Do you ever see that movie Never Cry Wolf,

438
00:26:40,080 --> 00:26:42,200
Speaker 1: the Disney movie from like the mid eighties. It was

439
00:26:42,280 --> 00:26:46,439
Speaker 1: so good. It wasn't he was live action. No, it

440
00:26:46,520 --> 00:26:48,280
Speaker 1: was way before his time. No, no no, no, I totally

441
00:26:48,280 --> 00:26:49,480
Speaker 1: know what you mean. I can picture the guy in

442
00:26:49,520 --> 00:26:52,480
Speaker 1: my head. He like goes and lives with the wolf Man.

443
00:26:52,520 --> 00:26:55,600
Speaker 1: That's a good movie. Yeah, he was in I can't remember.

444
00:26:56,560 --> 00:26:59,920
Speaker 1: He's in another movie. So when when we did Domestic,

445
00:27:00,280 --> 00:27:04,600
Speaker 1: like I said, we we took a wild animal underwent

446
00:27:04,600 --> 00:27:07,280
Speaker 1: a process through artificial selection to where it just became

447
00:27:07,440 --> 00:27:11,800
Speaker 1: something different. And there's certain traits that they're not quite

448
00:27:11,840 --> 00:27:15,399
Speaker 1: sure how they happen, but they're clearly linked to the

449
00:27:15,480 --> 00:27:19,399
Speaker 1: genes that lead to domestication, that take an animal and

450
00:27:19,440 --> 00:27:23,600
Speaker 1: turn it from wild to tame to domesticated um, and

451
00:27:23,640 --> 00:27:30,240
Speaker 1: that have outward signals and signs like floppy years. Um.

452
00:27:30,359 --> 00:27:33,280
Speaker 1: The only other animal in the wild that has floppy

453
00:27:33,359 --> 00:27:36,520
Speaker 1: years is the African elephant. Every other animal in the

454
00:27:36,520 --> 00:27:39,240
Speaker 1: wild has perky ears, but it's almost like it's a

455
00:27:39,280 --> 00:27:42,199
Speaker 1: signal like, okay, we're tame now. Our ears don't need

456
00:27:42,240 --> 00:27:46,320
Speaker 1: to perk up. It totally is smaller brain size. They

457
00:27:46,359 --> 00:27:48,960
Speaker 1: don't need to be as smart um over the years

458
00:27:49,000 --> 00:27:52,800
Speaker 1: if you're feeding. As evidenced by my dumb dog Buckley,

459
00:27:52,960 --> 00:27:56,800
Speaker 1: Like I said, he wouldn't survive two days in the wild. Um.

460
00:27:56,800 --> 00:27:59,160
Speaker 1: My neighbor one time left his dog out all night

461
00:27:59,359 --> 00:28:01,840
Speaker 1: by accident, and I was going out to the car

462
00:28:01,880 --> 00:28:04,240
Speaker 1: the next morning and this big rottweiler comes running over

463
00:28:04,320 --> 00:28:06,159
Speaker 1: at me and I was like, At first, I was like,

464
00:28:06,160 --> 00:28:08,639
Speaker 1: oh man, and then I realized it was Carter and uh.

465
00:28:09,040 --> 00:28:10,920
Speaker 1: I went and banged on his door and he finally

466
00:28:10,960 --> 00:28:13,239
Speaker 1: woke up and he was like, Carter's in here. I

467
00:28:13,240 --> 00:28:15,600
Speaker 1: was like, I don't think so. And he had come

468
00:28:15,640 --> 00:28:18,760
Speaker 1: home from a long night let him out and forgot

469
00:28:18,760 --> 00:28:20,960
Speaker 1: to let it back in. A little Carter just slept

470
00:28:20,960 --> 00:28:24,520
Speaker 1: on the front porch like the sweetest thing ever. But

471
00:28:24,600 --> 00:28:27,520
Speaker 1: Carter survived, is my point. But sleeping on the front

472
00:28:27,560 --> 00:28:29,720
Speaker 1: by sleeping on the front porch and being like scratching

473
00:28:29,720 --> 00:28:33,000
Speaker 1: on it like please let me in. Um so yeah,

474
00:28:33,000 --> 00:28:38,200
Speaker 1: smaller brains uh, curly hair, um, sharp sense of sight

475
00:28:38,560 --> 00:28:42,320
Speaker 1: and hearing. Um. Well, it's lessoned. Yeah, it's lesson because

476
00:28:42,320 --> 00:28:44,960
Speaker 1: they don't need that stuff either, right, because they're being

477
00:28:44,960 --> 00:28:48,160
Speaker 1: cared for by humans. The humans are saying, you just

478
00:28:48,200 --> 00:28:51,200
Speaker 1: get dumb or in charge now. Yeah, well we'll teach

479
00:28:51,240 --> 00:28:54,240
Speaker 1: everything you need to know. UM, we got a lot

480
00:28:54,280 --> 00:28:59,320
Speaker 1: of this data, this information from a Jared Diamond very no,

481
00:29:00,240 --> 00:29:03,120
Speaker 1: not even a very famous study that went on for

482
00:29:03,200 --> 00:29:09,280
Speaker 1: about forty years UM by a Russian geneticist named Dmitri Balleyev.

483
00:29:09,920 --> 00:29:13,120
Speaker 1: And Balete said, Hey, I'm going to figure out how

484
00:29:13,200 --> 00:29:17,680
Speaker 1: domestication actually works, and I'm gonna take um silver foxes

485
00:29:18,360 --> 00:29:22,560
Speaker 1: and I'm going to compress the domestication process. And basically,

486
00:29:22,560 --> 00:29:24,800
Speaker 1: over the course of like thirty or forty years, even

487
00:29:24,840 --> 00:29:29,840
Speaker 1: after he died, his UM his colleagues and UM interns

488
00:29:29,880 --> 00:29:32,600
Speaker 1: and assistance carried on this experiment. So it's been going

489
00:29:32,640 --> 00:29:36,920
Speaker 1: on for maybe fifty years and UM they've found that

490
00:29:37,040 --> 00:29:40,640
Speaker 1: you can get predictable results from domesticating animals. And they've

491
00:29:40,680 --> 00:29:45,520
Speaker 1: domesticated some silver foxes. UM. Their ears started getting floppy,

492
00:29:45,720 --> 00:29:48,400
Speaker 1: their skulls started to get smaller, they started to get

493
00:29:48,400 --> 00:29:51,920
Speaker 1: curly hair, some of them started to bark UM and

494
00:29:52,000 --> 00:29:56,920
Speaker 1: they were born comfortable around humans. Yeah, and here's the thing. Um,

495
00:29:57,040 --> 00:29:59,200
Speaker 1: if you've seen there's a really cute video on the

496
00:29:59,240 --> 00:30:02,120
Speaker 1: internet about little fox getting his belly rubbed, it looks

497
00:30:02,120 --> 00:30:05,760
Speaker 1: sort of like dogs, but they are DNA evidence. They

498
00:30:05,800 --> 00:30:08,680
Speaker 1: have pretty much proven that dogs are descended from the

499
00:30:08,720 --> 00:30:11,680
Speaker 1: Asian gray wolf and have nothing to do with foxes.

500
00:30:12,120 --> 00:30:16,320
Speaker 1: But um, that's just proof through this experiment that at

501
00:30:16,320 --> 00:30:19,760
Speaker 1: taming and domesticating this animal can lead to these traits. Yeah,

502
00:30:19,760 --> 00:30:21,600
Speaker 1: because a lot of people are like, how do you

503
00:30:21,680 --> 00:30:25,440
Speaker 1: get a Pomeranian from a gray wolf? Pug from a

504
00:30:25,440 --> 00:30:27,560
Speaker 1: gray wolf or something like that. Have you seen that

505
00:30:27,640 --> 00:30:31,160
Speaker 1: picture of that pug who's um who is clearly messing

506
00:30:31,160 --> 00:30:35,120
Speaker 1: around with a crawfish and gets his tongue bit and

507
00:30:35,160 --> 00:30:36,720
Speaker 1: it's like in mid air and you know they have

508
00:30:36,880 --> 00:30:39,560
Speaker 1: huge eyes that are bolting out. Anyway, he's trying to

509
00:30:39,680 --> 00:30:41,720
Speaker 1: like have sex with the c no know, like he

510
00:30:41,800 --> 00:30:44,360
Speaker 1: was sniffing it and just the crawfish like grabbed onto

511
00:30:44,440 --> 00:30:46,960
Speaker 1: his tongue and now the crawfish is hanging onto his

512
00:30:47,040 --> 00:30:49,680
Speaker 1: tongue in mid air. Is the pugs like squealing or

513
00:30:49,680 --> 00:30:55,480
Speaker 1: Whatever's hilarious anyway? Um, they they figured out that because

514
00:30:56,240 --> 00:31:00,880
Speaker 1: of domestication, these traits change, and like I said before,

515
00:31:01,360 --> 00:31:04,520
Speaker 1: with you know, different kinds of dogs, you get different

516
00:31:04,600 --> 00:31:09,200
Speaker 1: kinds of well, different looking dogs that we've selected for

517
00:31:09,320 --> 00:31:12,320
Speaker 1: over time. Yeah, and it didn't take that long apparently. Um.

518
00:31:12,360 --> 00:31:16,760
Speaker 1: Apparently with canine specifically, selective breeding can affect the species

519
00:31:16,800 --> 00:31:21,080
Speaker 1: really rapidly. And um, there's been evidence of Pekinese dogs

520
00:31:21,080 --> 00:31:25,360
Speaker 1: as far back as first century a d. China. So, um,

521
00:31:25,400 --> 00:31:28,640
Speaker 1: they weren't wolves for long once we decided. And you know,

522
00:31:28,640 --> 00:31:31,200
Speaker 1: there's different theories on how that very first happened. Um.

523
00:31:31,200 --> 00:31:35,280
Speaker 1: One of them, which I like, is that people found

524
00:31:35,360 --> 00:31:39,280
Speaker 1: abandoned pups and it's just a natural human instinct to

525
00:31:39,320 --> 00:31:42,440
Speaker 1: see a little puppy and care for it. So they said, well,

526
00:31:42,520 --> 00:31:45,080
Speaker 1: let me take this little wolf puppy because it needs

527
00:31:45,080 --> 00:31:47,680
Speaker 1: a home. We should talk about the science of cute sometime.

528
00:31:47,960 --> 00:31:52,440
Speaker 1: It's really interesting and email the other day. We'll have

529
00:31:52,480 --> 00:31:55,080
Speaker 1: to do that one. Um. So yeah, that's one of

530
00:31:55,120 --> 00:31:58,239
Speaker 1: the theories. The other one is that, um, maybe some

531
00:31:58,320 --> 00:32:02,960
Speaker 1: of the more tame wolves rummage around our garbage and

532
00:32:03,280 --> 00:32:05,959
Speaker 1: for food, and so if you were a more tamele,

533
00:32:05,960 --> 00:32:08,600
Speaker 1: if you're more likely to survive, eventually that would evolve

534
00:32:08,640 --> 00:32:11,560
Speaker 1: into a more dog like species. Yeah, because you're the

535
00:32:11,720 --> 00:32:14,960
Speaker 1: human garbage pile was much more reliable source of food

536
00:32:14,960 --> 00:32:18,000
Speaker 1: than say, like whatever was growing in the wild. So exactly,

537
00:32:18,120 --> 00:32:21,840
Speaker 1: they would be that's natural selection basically through artificial means

538
00:32:21,880 --> 00:32:27,000
Speaker 1: almost um. But either way, they think that dogs descended

539
00:32:27,080 --> 00:32:29,600
Speaker 1: from wolves or diverged from wolves as long as a

540
00:32:29,680 --> 00:32:32,560
Speaker 1: hundred thousand years ago, but they didn't really start to

541
00:32:32,800 --> 00:32:39,800
Speaker 1: undergo the drastic morphological changes until maybe fifteen thousand years ago. Um.

542
00:32:39,840 --> 00:32:43,560
Speaker 1: And again all of this predates the advent of agriculture.

543
00:32:43,600 --> 00:32:46,240
Speaker 1: So that means that hunter gatherers and dogs were friends

544
00:32:46,240 --> 00:32:48,280
Speaker 1: for a while. And they think that the reason that

545
00:32:48,360 --> 00:32:51,000
Speaker 1: happened was because they figured out that a dog could

546
00:32:51,040 --> 00:32:54,480
Speaker 1: go flush out some quarry, a hunter gatherer could spirit

547
00:32:55,080 --> 00:32:57,920
Speaker 1: and then tear off a piece and give the dog

548
00:32:58,040 --> 00:33:00,719
Speaker 1: some and eat some himself. And they had a symbiotic

549
00:33:00,880 --> 00:33:04,520
Speaker 1: hunting relationship that was aces Yeah, like we said earlier,

550
00:33:04,760 --> 00:33:07,680
Speaker 1: mutually beneficial. It was great for the dog. They were

551
00:33:08,000 --> 00:33:11,800
Speaker 1: fast and fierce and we were smart and uh, because

552
00:33:11,840 --> 00:33:16,320
Speaker 1: we already mentioned dogs are are innately want to follow

553
00:33:17,120 --> 00:33:20,120
Speaker 1: lead dog, an alpha dog. It just it was kind

554
00:33:20,120 --> 00:33:23,920
Speaker 1: of like the perfect relationship and it has been ever since. Yeah.

555
00:33:23,920 --> 00:33:26,400
Speaker 1: And one of the other cool things about the domestication

556
00:33:26,400 --> 00:33:30,719
Speaker 1: of the dog is they in ancient Rome, apparently women

557
00:33:30,920 --> 00:33:32,760
Speaker 1: is where they had the first evidence of little lap

558
00:33:32,760 --> 00:33:38,440
Speaker 1: doggies because they were supposedly cured stomach aches, which of

559
00:33:38,440 --> 00:33:40,520
Speaker 1: course they didn't. But I think it just made someone

560
00:33:40,560 --> 00:33:42,840
Speaker 1: feel better having a little dog growed up on their lap.

561
00:33:43,120 --> 00:33:45,360
Speaker 1: So how's your tummy feel? Now? We selected them for that,

562
00:33:45,400 --> 00:33:49,080
Speaker 1: So we selected them for that. We selected um, oh,

563
00:33:49,120 --> 00:33:53,200
Speaker 1: I don't know, sheep dogs to herd and terriers to

564
00:33:53,440 --> 00:33:56,640
Speaker 1: catch rats, and you know that that explains all this

565
00:33:56,840 --> 00:33:59,680
Speaker 1: variation in dog breeds. Yeah. I saw a cold special

566
00:33:59,720 --> 00:34:02,880
Speaker 1: on it the other day. It was on I think

567
00:34:02,880 --> 00:34:04,600
Speaker 1: it was on Animal Planet. But it wasn't one of

568
00:34:04,600 --> 00:34:07,240
Speaker 1: those just like look how cute everything is. It was

569
00:34:07,360 --> 00:34:10,240
Speaker 1: kind of like the science behind the history of these animals.

570
00:34:10,280 --> 00:34:13,360
Speaker 1: It was really cool. So let's take a break and

571
00:34:13,360 --> 00:34:15,439
Speaker 1: we'll come back and we'll talk about cats and other

572
00:34:15,520 --> 00:34:28,800
Speaker 1: stuff too right after this. Okay, so cats don't follow

573
00:34:28,880 --> 00:34:31,600
Speaker 1: in alpha male, which leads to a puzzle of how

574
00:34:31,640 --> 00:34:34,200
Speaker 1: they could possibly have been domesticated, and if you talk

575
00:34:34,239 --> 00:34:37,280
Speaker 1: to certain people, they may not have ever really been domesticated.

576
00:34:37,800 --> 00:34:41,719
Speaker 1: Cats don't look different than their their ancestors, right, which

577
00:34:41,760 --> 00:34:43,600
Speaker 1: means that it makes it tough to go back and

578
00:34:43,640 --> 00:34:46,560
Speaker 1: compare modern cats to the cats and the fossil record

579
00:34:46,560 --> 00:34:49,200
Speaker 1: and say, oh, they diverged X number of years ago

580
00:34:49,400 --> 00:34:51,640
Speaker 1: or whatever. Yeah. That's one of my favorite things about

581
00:34:51,680 --> 00:34:54,960
Speaker 1: cats is when you look at a cat in the backyard,

582
00:34:55,680 --> 00:34:58,520
Speaker 1: you know, crouched down to leap on the bird, it

583
00:34:58,560 --> 00:35:01,279
Speaker 1: looks just like a big line in about the leap

584
00:35:01,320 --> 00:35:03,520
Speaker 1: on the big bird. The thing is, they're pretty sure

585
00:35:03,560 --> 00:35:07,560
Speaker 1: that cats did not diverge from big cats like lions.

586
00:35:07,960 --> 00:35:11,839
Speaker 1: They think they came instead from a couple of different wildcats,

587
00:35:11,840 --> 00:35:15,000
Speaker 1: a European wildcat and an African wildcat, and both of

588
00:35:15,040 --> 00:35:17,720
Speaker 1: those are still around today, and they think that that's

589
00:35:17,960 --> 00:35:23,600
Speaker 1: what the cats last common ancestors were. Or if you yeah,

590
00:35:23,640 --> 00:35:25,560
Speaker 1: like if you look at the African wildcat, looks like

591
00:35:25,600 --> 00:35:28,920
Speaker 1: just a bigger version of a dabby. Yes, And they

592
00:35:29,000 --> 00:35:32,600
Speaker 1: don't know exactly when they were um domesticated, but there's

593
00:35:32,640 --> 00:35:37,840
Speaker 1: evidence that as far back as um years ago there's

594
00:35:38,280 --> 00:35:41,120
Speaker 1: at least one grave site where a cat was clearly

595
00:35:41,120 --> 00:35:43,920
Speaker 1: buried with the human, which indicates some sort of importance

596
00:35:43,960 --> 00:35:50,680
Speaker 1: and um familial nous with a cat. They love cats

597
00:35:50,719 --> 00:35:53,759
Speaker 1: and dogs, right, and I think cats were even had

598
00:35:53,800 --> 00:35:57,200
Speaker 1: like a religious significance, but or maybe both of them did.

599
00:35:58,200 --> 00:36:02,080
Speaker 1: But because Anubis that was the dog, right, I don't remember.

600
00:36:02,560 --> 00:36:06,279
Speaker 1: I just remember Horace was the hawk, right, right, But

601
00:36:06,320 --> 00:36:09,160
Speaker 1: ancient Egyptians love their dogs and cats. It was Horace

602
00:36:09,239 --> 00:36:12,399
Speaker 1: the dog. I think I knew us was the dog.

603
00:36:13,280 --> 00:36:21,759
Speaker 1: So um again, cats probably are not technically domesticated, but

604
00:36:22,120 --> 00:36:25,399
Speaker 1: um well, the reason why we we took them in though,

605
00:36:25,560 --> 00:36:27,839
Speaker 1: is the same reason that some people still take them

606
00:36:27,840 --> 00:36:32,600
Speaker 1: in now is because they're good mousers. And that's pretty

607
00:36:32,640 --> 00:36:36,120
Speaker 1: much the explanation for domestication in a lot of ways.

608
00:36:36,200 --> 00:36:41,240
Speaker 1: Like they animals were useful for work, that's right. Um,

609
00:36:41,280 --> 00:36:45,840
Speaker 1: so some of the other animals, very ancient domesticated animals

610
00:36:45,880 --> 00:36:48,000
Speaker 1: that we domesticated for work, And I guess I should

611
00:36:48,040 --> 00:36:50,879
Speaker 1: say it wasn't just for work. Probably initially we domesticated

612
00:36:50,880 --> 00:36:55,799
Speaker 1: animals for a food supply, like their milk. Um, things

613
00:36:55,840 --> 00:37:00,640
Speaker 1: like cattle cows, we domesticated them for milk of course. Yeah,

614
00:37:00,680 --> 00:37:04,359
Speaker 1: they're ancient ancestor it's now extinct called the a rock

615
00:37:05,280 --> 00:37:08,800
Speaker 1: and um, yeah, that's what led to modern tame cattle

616
00:37:08,800 --> 00:37:13,480
Speaker 1: apparently right um oxen. We domesticated them for work. Although

617
00:37:13,600 --> 00:37:17,040
Speaker 1: there's milk from them. You can pretty much drink milk

618
00:37:17,080 --> 00:37:21,920
Speaker 1: from anything. Yeah, I think was you can milk anything, right,

619
00:37:22,440 --> 00:37:26,040
Speaker 1: a little, just a little milking. Um. The ox I

620
00:37:26,040 --> 00:37:28,160
Speaker 1: think was was even stronger than the cow, and they

621
00:37:28,160 --> 00:37:32,919
Speaker 1: would pull initially sledges, like put a bunch of junk

622
00:37:33,000 --> 00:37:35,160
Speaker 1: on that thing and pull it over here, and then

623
00:37:35,160 --> 00:37:39,919
Speaker 1: eventually plows and the force wheel wagons. And some say

624
00:37:39,920 --> 00:37:42,040
Speaker 1: that we wouldn't have even gotten to where we were

625
00:37:42,080 --> 00:37:43,680
Speaker 1: with the wheel if it hadn't have been for things

626
00:37:43,719 --> 00:37:46,160
Speaker 1: like ox Yeah, because we would have had to pull it. Yeah,

627
00:37:46,320 --> 00:37:50,680
Speaker 1: that's no good. Um cheap. We eventually figured out that

628
00:37:50,719 --> 00:37:54,200
Speaker 1: we could breed them for their wool, although apparently there

629
00:37:54,280 --> 00:37:57,640
Speaker 1: was a five thousand year differential between the time we

630
00:37:57,760 --> 00:38:01,600
Speaker 1: domesticated cheap and the time we started um using wool.

631
00:38:02,320 --> 00:38:06,880
Speaker 1: Oh yeah, yeah, before the loom, before they started weaving

632
00:38:06,880 --> 00:38:12,480
Speaker 1: by hand. Goats. Goats were great because they'll eat anything. Um,

633
00:38:12,640 --> 00:38:17,000
Speaker 1: so they're super useful. Um. You can be on infertile

634
00:38:17,080 --> 00:38:21,080
Speaker 1: rocky land and a goat is pretty happy. They're great climbers. Uh,

635
00:38:21,120 --> 00:38:23,719
Speaker 1: they eat them. Yeah, I got meat. Unfortunately, you can

636
00:38:23,719 --> 00:38:26,440
Speaker 1: make cheese out of their milk. Yeah. Um, did you

637
00:38:26,480 --> 00:38:30,799
Speaker 1: know that Kashmir comes from goats? Yeah, yeah, I did

638
00:38:30,840 --> 00:38:33,080
Speaker 1: not know that. Um. I think they're just good for

639
00:38:33,920 --> 00:38:37,720
Speaker 1: looking at and thinking they're cute. That's one thing. H Pigs,

640
00:38:37,760 --> 00:38:42,400
Speaker 1: of course, are descended domesticated from the wild boar and um.

641
00:38:42,600 --> 00:38:49,080
Speaker 1: Pigs were domesticated mainly because they would eat waste and trash,

642
00:38:49,200 --> 00:38:51,640
Speaker 1: and so they were handy to have around because they

643
00:38:51,640 --> 00:38:53,799
Speaker 1: would eat our trash and then we would eat them.

644
00:38:54,600 --> 00:38:57,600
Speaker 1: You know. It's interesting. North America has a pretty fascinating

645
00:38:57,640 --> 00:39:01,960
Speaker 1: history as far as domesticated animals go. We pigs, in particular,

646
00:39:02,520 --> 00:39:06,799
Speaker 1: the wild hogs in North America were not around. There

647
00:39:06,800 --> 00:39:08,759
Speaker 1: are a couple of pig like animals, but there's no

648
00:39:08,880 --> 00:39:12,960
Speaker 1: true wild pigs in North America, or there weren't until

649
00:39:13,160 --> 00:39:16,200
Speaker 1: the sixteenth century when De Soto brought a bunch of

650
00:39:16,239 --> 00:39:19,759
Speaker 1: domesticated pigs who wandered off, some of which wandered off

651
00:39:20,160 --> 00:39:23,680
Speaker 1: and became the wild hogs of the America's Well, that's

652
00:39:23,719 --> 00:39:26,000
Speaker 1: the same thing happened to the horse exactly. They originally

653
00:39:26,000 --> 00:39:28,080
Speaker 1: came over on the bearing Land Bridge and then went extinct.

654
00:39:28,160 --> 00:39:31,439
Speaker 1: And then the Spanish brought them over and they said, hey,

655
00:39:31,600 --> 00:39:33,439
Speaker 1: I don't know why they aren't horses here already, because

656
00:39:33,480 --> 00:39:36,000
Speaker 1: this is pretty great. The horses said that, and some

657
00:39:36,040 --> 00:39:38,720
Speaker 1: of them went feral. And now you have the horses

658
00:39:38,719 --> 00:39:42,279
Speaker 1: on Cumberland Island. Yeah they're still wild, aren't they. Yeah,

659
00:39:42,360 --> 00:39:47,600
Speaker 1: that's pretty amazing. They're faking it. Cumberland Island is here

660
00:39:47,600 --> 00:39:49,319
Speaker 1: in Georgia. For those of you that don't know, we're

661
00:39:49,320 --> 00:39:53,279
Speaker 1: not talking about some like South American country. No, Cumberland Island. Yeah,

662
00:39:53,360 --> 00:39:56,480
Speaker 1: right here in the South. Um, and you know it's

663
00:39:56,480 --> 00:39:58,600
Speaker 1: cool is And for me, this is the fact of

664
00:39:58,640 --> 00:40:02,440
Speaker 1: the podcast. After the horse, the next step forward and

665
00:40:02,719 --> 00:40:09,839
Speaker 1: speed transportation was five thousand years later with the steam train.

666
00:40:12,760 --> 00:40:16,160
Speaker 1: D years. Horses were as fast as we could go

667
00:40:17,040 --> 00:40:19,400
Speaker 1: and uh, you know, tie up twelve of them to

668
00:40:19,480 --> 00:40:23,520
Speaker 1: that stage coach and we'll be twelve horses strong. But um, yeah,

669
00:40:23,560 --> 00:40:26,040
Speaker 1: for five thousand years is just amazing. And then following

670
00:40:26,080 --> 00:40:28,160
Speaker 1: the invented the steam engine, and the horses were like,

671
00:40:28,680 --> 00:40:33,280
Speaker 1: all right, fine, we'll go over here. But then apparently

672
00:40:33,320 --> 00:40:36,359
Speaker 1: at first they were used for their meat and their milk, yeah,

673
00:40:36,400 --> 00:40:39,840
Speaker 1: horse milk again. And then they were used as a

674
00:40:39,840 --> 00:40:45,080
Speaker 1: mode of transportation. UM. Donkeys also good for transporting in Egypt.

675
00:40:45,320 --> 00:40:47,920
Speaker 1: They came out of Egypt. Camels good for transport, And

676
00:40:47,960 --> 00:40:50,759
Speaker 1: you've got a couple of different kinds, the Bactrian and

677
00:40:50,840 --> 00:40:57,160
Speaker 1: the Arabian camels. UM, and the just using animals for

678
00:40:57,200 --> 00:41:01,840
Speaker 1: transport and for work kind allowed for not only the

679
00:41:01,920 --> 00:41:04,800
Speaker 1: agricultural revolution to take hold, but for it to spread

680
00:41:04,880 --> 00:41:08,160
Speaker 1: as well through trade routes and stuff that allowed humans

681
00:41:08,200 --> 00:41:12,080
Speaker 1: to just move longer distances faster. So that was another

682
00:41:12,120 --> 00:41:16,080
Speaker 1: big way that domestication changed humanity. Helped spread like a

683
00:41:16,160 --> 00:41:19,319
Speaker 1: plague over the face of your so you can ruin everything. Yeah,

684
00:41:20,719 --> 00:41:23,800
Speaker 1: I guess we can talk about some other um, smaller

685
00:41:23,840 --> 00:41:27,480
Speaker 1: livestock like chickens and roosters. Um. Like you said earlier,

686
00:41:27,600 --> 00:41:29,799
Speaker 1: this was I think maybe the second fact of the

687
00:41:29,800 --> 00:41:35,640
Speaker 1: show is possibly domesticated for entertainment as cock fighters. Yeah,

688
00:41:35,719 --> 00:41:39,080
Speaker 1: which is sad uh. Turkeys. I didn't know this. They

689
00:41:39,080 --> 00:41:43,680
Speaker 1: were the um one of the few indigenous North American

690
00:41:43,800 --> 00:41:48,680
Speaker 1: domesticated animals. Yeah, Mesoamericans domesticated them. Who knew? I didn't

691
00:41:48,719 --> 00:41:51,560
Speaker 1: know that either. Although if that Fletcher boat you should

692
00:41:51,560 --> 00:41:54,799
Speaker 1: read four because stuff like that comes up. I just

693
00:41:54,840 --> 00:41:56,719
Speaker 1: need to read both those at some point. I can't

694
00:41:56,719 --> 00:42:00,120
Speaker 1: believe you haven't. I know. Here's another one. Bees. We

695
00:42:00,200 --> 00:42:04,320
Speaker 1: domesticated bees, I'm sure through a very long and painful process.

696
00:42:04,760 --> 00:42:09,640
Speaker 1: This is discussing as well. Um, but so we domesticated bees,

697
00:42:09,800 --> 00:42:13,880
Speaker 1: and we use bees to help us with another domesticated organism,

698
00:42:13,960 --> 00:42:17,040
Speaker 1: the almond tree. Oh yeah, so that's another one that's

699
00:42:17,080 --> 00:42:20,120
Speaker 1: like sheep, dogs hurting sheep. Oh yeah, yeah, but this

700
00:42:20,200 --> 00:42:24,799
Speaker 1: is bees pollinating almonds. Yeah. Well, bees, We did a

701
00:42:24,800 --> 00:42:27,200
Speaker 1: great episode on that. That's how we um sweetened everything

702
00:42:27,239 --> 00:42:30,520
Speaker 1: for many, many years and still do using honey. But

703
00:42:30,840 --> 00:42:34,400
Speaker 1: last night it's still delicious in a cocktail. No, on

704
00:42:34,480 --> 00:42:38,520
Speaker 1: a biscuit, Oh, nice little on the other biscuit. Uh,

705
00:42:38,600 --> 00:42:41,920
Speaker 1: did you make the biscuit yourself? You we did nice

706
00:42:42,239 --> 00:42:46,080
Speaker 1: from scratch from the can. Yeah, okay, those are good though.

707
00:42:46,120 --> 00:42:48,200
Speaker 1: Oh yeah, you know, it's real good. I've noticed is

708
00:42:48,239 --> 00:42:51,600
Speaker 1: the frozen ones in the bag instead of the can.

709
00:42:52,280 --> 00:42:56,000
Speaker 1: They they rise a lot more like a traditional Southern

710
00:42:56,000 --> 00:43:00,520
Speaker 1: biscuit to me, we wanted just like a nasty, buttery

711
00:43:00,640 --> 00:43:04,160
Speaker 1: like layer biscuit. Yeah, the flaky layers, man, those are

712
00:43:04,160 --> 00:43:06,279
Speaker 1: good and it's always fun to open the package too,

713
00:43:06,440 --> 00:43:09,319
Speaker 1: and it's delicious with honey. But thanks to a man

714
00:43:09,400 --> 00:43:13,239
Speaker 1: named L. L. Lank Strath, he is the guy who

715
00:43:13,320 --> 00:43:16,360
Speaker 1: really made bee keeping. Uh. There are a lot of

716
00:43:16,360 --> 00:43:18,799
Speaker 1: people working with frames already, but he's the one. He's

717
00:43:18,840 --> 00:43:22,399
Speaker 1: the first guy that made removable and movable frames, which

718
00:43:22,440 --> 00:43:26,279
Speaker 1: apparently bees will have a tendency to uh tie their

719
00:43:26,280 --> 00:43:30,799
Speaker 1: honeycombs into the wall of the box, let's say, and um,

720
00:43:30,840 --> 00:43:33,800
Speaker 1: with those removable and movable frames, they weren't I couldn't

721
00:43:33,800 --> 00:43:37,120
Speaker 1: do that anymore. And apparently that made it really easy

722
00:43:37,160 --> 00:43:40,320
Speaker 1: to manage them. So thanks to him in eighteen fifty two,

723
00:43:40,760 --> 00:43:44,399
Speaker 1: smart guy, we could uh domesticate those bees for their

724
00:43:44,440 --> 00:43:49,560
Speaker 1: delicious honey. And so here's where it comes. Um kind

725
00:43:49,560 --> 00:43:52,600
Speaker 1: of falls apart from me. I can see saying bees

726
00:43:52,840 --> 00:43:56,520
Speaker 1: are domesticated. They don't sting you, they're used to being

727
00:43:56,560 --> 00:44:03,360
Speaker 1: around people. Yeah. Um, silkworms yeah no. Uh, Rabbits no,

728
00:44:03,960 --> 00:44:05,960
Speaker 1: I would say that you can tame a rabbit, but

729
00:44:06,080 --> 00:44:09,520
Speaker 1: for the most part, they're not domesticated. And then the

730
00:44:09,560 --> 00:44:12,319
Speaker 1: same with hamsters, which I didn't realize that they were

731
00:44:12,360 --> 00:44:16,280
Speaker 1: this recent. Yeah, from nineteen thirty And another fun fact

732
00:44:16,400 --> 00:44:21,480
Speaker 1: is supposedly the entire population of domesticated or I'm sorry,

733
00:44:21,760 --> 00:44:26,319
Speaker 1: tamed hamsters derives from that one hamster family because they

734
00:44:26,360 --> 00:44:30,000
Speaker 1: make so many little hamsters so quickly. So you take

735
00:44:30,040 --> 00:44:35,520
Speaker 1: issue with silkworms, rabbits, and hamsters as tamed but not domesticated. Yes,

736
00:44:35,800 --> 00:44:39,400
Speaker 1: like the elephant, just because Hannibal rides an elephant doesn't

737
00:44:39,400 --> 00:44:42,120
Speaker 1: mean it's domesticated. It meant he had a tamed elephant

738
00:44:42,120 --> 00:44:45,600
Speaker 1: to ride and chuck. Just before we wrap up, I

739
00:44:45,680 --> 00:44:50,200
Speaker 1: mentioned that, uh, humans in turn have been domesticated by agriculture,

740
00:44:50,920 --> 00:44:53,400
Speaker 1: and we have, like we've gone undergone a lot of

741
00:44:53,440 --> 00:44:57,319
Speaker 1: the same changes that domesticated animals undergo when we domesticate them,

742
00:44:57,360 --> 00:45:02,160
Speaker 1: Like our reproductive period has increas east because we don't

743
00:45:02,200 --> 00:45:04,480
Speaker 1: have to carry a kid like ten kilometers every day

744
00:45:04,480 --> 00:45:06,399
Speaker 1: because we're not hunter gatherers, so we can have more

745
00:45:06,520 --> 00:45:11,520
Speaker 1: kids on the horse and exactly um. And one of

746
00:45:11,520 --> 00:45:14,480
Speaker 1: the other ways that we've changed, in addition to some

747
00:45:14,640 --> 00:45:19,000
Speaker 1: of us becoming lactose tolerant into adulthood, is we've become

748
00:45:19,600 --> 00:45:24,880
Speaker 1: um ravaged by and also immune to a lot of diseases,

749
00:45:25,239 --> 00:45:29,480
Speaker 1: a lot of epidemic diseases which couldn't have ever existed

750
00:45:29,800 --> 00:45:33,040
Speaker 1: prior to the advent of agriculture for two reasons. One,

751
00:45:33,920 --> 00:45:37,719
Speaker 1: it needs a dense human population that agriculture supports for

752
00:45:37,760 --> 00:45:40,480
Speaker 1: it to be spread around and contracted and to really

753
00:45:40,560 --> 00:45:44,799
Speaker 1: gain steam. And then secondly, it also requires a lot

754
00:45:44,840 --> 00:45:48,520
Speaker 1: of repeated close proximity to animals. And it turns out

755
00:45:48,840 --> 00:45:52,799
Speaker 1: that all of our epidemic diseases come from the agricultural

756
00:45:52,840 --> 00:45:57,120
Speaker 1: revolution and are hanging out with livestock a lot like um.

757
00:45:57,239 --> 00:46:02,600
Speaker 1: For example, um influenza came from pigs and ducks. Um

758
00:46:02,760 --> 00:46:07,640
Speaker 1: measles and tuberculosis came from cattle. Possibly smallpox came from cattle,

759
00:46:07,680 --> 00:46:11,280
Speaker 1: if not camels. And then get this, The very fact

760
00:46:11,719 --> 00:46:16,120
Speaker 1: that all of these, almost all of these worst epidemic

761
00:46:16,200 --> 00:46:21,240
Speaker 1: diseases have their origins in Eurasia mean that that's because

762
00:46:21,600 --> 00:46:25,000
Speaker 1: our domestication took place in Eurasia, which means that the

763
00:46:25,040 --> 00:46:28,759
Speaker 1: people of Eurasia were able to develop resistance and immunity

764
00:46:28,800 --> 00:46:31,640
Speaker 1: over the generations to these diseases, so they don't get

765
00:46:31,680 --> 00:46:34,359
Speaker 1: these diseases as much, you know, And when we came over,

766
00:46:34,640 --> 00:46:39,080
Speaker 1: that's what wiped out the North American New World populations

767
00:46:39,480 --> 00:46:43,120
Speaker 1: because they didn't have any resistance to these diseases, So

768
00:46:43,400 --> 00:46:47,240
Speaker 1: you can really make a case that agriculture changed everything

769
00:46:47,280 --> 00:46:51,200
Speaker 1: more than anything else ever has. So that's that you

770
00:46:51,239 --> 00:46:53,319
Speaker 1: got anything else. I've got nothing else, man, you need

771
00:46:53,360 --> 00:46:59,160
Speaker 1: to read that tonight. Okay, if you want to know

772
00:46:59,200 --> 00:47:02,719
Speaker 1: more about animal domestication, you can type those two seemingly

773
00:47:02,800 --> 00:47:06,480
Speaker 1: boring but rather fascinating words into the search part house

774
00:47:06,520 --> 00:47:09,040
Speaker 1: to work dot com and that will bring up this

775
00:47:09,200 --> 00:47:12,040
Speaker 1: article and then sinsistant search parts. Time for listener mail.

776
00:47:14,000 --> 00:47:16,279
Speaker 1: I'm gonna call this Nielsen family. We heard from quite

777
00:47:16,320 --> 00:47:19,440
Speaker 1: a few got quite a few people that showed pictures

778
00:47:19,440 --> 00:47:22,200
Speaker 1: of their little like two and three dollar packets, which

779
00:47:22,200 --> 00:47:23,960
Speaker 1: is kind of neat. I don't think it's even five

780
00:47:24,000 --> 00:47:26,279
Speaker 1: dollars anymore. I think a couple of people just got

781
00:47:26,280 --> 00:47:30,160
Speaker 1: two dollars. Apparently they give you two to sweeten the pot,

782
00:47:30,200 --> 00:47:32,560
Speaker 1: and then once you do it, you get more. That's

783
00:47:32,560 --> 00:47:35,920
Speaker 1: what I think. Alright, that's what somebody I think said. Well,

784
00:47:35,960 --> 00:47:37,960
Speaker 1: this is from a real deal Nielsen family that got

785
00:47:38,000 --> 00:47:41,400
Speaker 1: paid and they're from Atlanta, from Grant Park Um. Apparently

786
00:47:41,400 --> 00:47:44,320
Speaker 1: our address was picked at random by their computer program

787
00:47:44,360 --> 00:47:46,920
Speaker 1: and they sent out a representative with a gift set

788
00:47:46,960 --> 00:47:51,120
Speaker 1: of ugly Tumblers to convince us to participate. We agreed

789
00:47:51,160 --> 00:47:53,279
Speaker 1: because they pay you about two hundred dollars every six

790
00:47:53,320 --> 00:47:57,680
Speaker 1: months if you let them track your TV and computer usage. Rob,

791
00:47:57,719 --> 00:48:01,040
Speaker 1: who was the representative, came by, installed the TV box

792
00:48:01,080 --> 00:48:02,960
Speaker 1: and computer program, and we check in on us in

793
00:48:03,000 --> 00:48:06,120
Speaker 1: person every six months and ask a set of questions

794
00:48:06,120 --> 00:48:09,520
Speaker 1: about our life and purchasing habits. They always asked about

795
00:48:09,560 --> 00:48:13,440
Speaker 1: table wine, which I thought was interesting. Uh. You know,

796
00:48:14,080 --> 00:48:15,920
Speaker 1: every time we turned on our two they would have

797
00:48:15,960 --> 00:48:17,880
Speaker 1: loved me because I would just be drunk on table

798
00:48:17,920 --> 00:48:20,320
Speaker 1: wine the whole time. Every time we turned on the

799
00:48:20,360 --> 00:48:21,959
Speaker 1: TV or opened up our laptop, we had to press

800
00:48:21,960 --> 00:48:24,840
Speaker 1: a button about who was watching. Uh. And using the

801
00:48:24,880 --> 00:48:27,319
Speaker 1: computer wasn't that hard, but it became annoying after a

802
00:48:27,320 --> 00:48:30,000
Speaker 1: couple of years. So we're happy when our contract ended.

803
00:48:30,440 --> 00:48:32,239
Speaker 1: Apparently they were really excited to have us as a

804
00:48:32,239 --> 00:48:34,880
Speaker 1: part of their program because we were what they call

805
00:48:34,960 --> 00:48:39,239
Speaker 1: a grand Slam family, which means we were young, under

806
00:48:39,280 --> 00:48:43,880
Speaker 1: thirty with over the air TV, no cable antenna. Uh,

807
00:48:43,920 --> 00:48:47,360
Speaker 1: and we owned a Mac. So that's a grand Slam apparently.

808
00:48:49,400 --> 00:48:51,920
Speaker 1: Uh it seems yeah, I guess. So it seems like

809
00:48:52,080 --> 00:48:54,200
Speaker 1: we're pretty rare, fined in the world, in their world,

810
00:48:54,320 --> 00:48:57,040
Speaker 1: so rare that when our two year participation ran out,

811
00:48:57,360 --> 00:49:00,319
Speaker 1: they all offered us a year long extension. We also

812
00:49:00,360 --> 00:49:03,839
Speaker 1: got a bonus payment for being a minority household, which

813
00:49:03,840 --> 00:49:06,480
Speaker 1: is hilarious because both of us are white as can be,

814
00:49:06,800 --> 00:49:10,839
Speaker 1: but my husband is half Cuban. So that is from

815
00:49:10,920 --> 00:49:14,080
Speaker 1: Laura and Chris right here in Atlanta. Nice Laura and

816
00:49:14,120 --> 00:49:20,440
Speaker 1: Chris Nielsen. Yeah, the Nielsen family no cable under thirty

817
00:49:20,600 --> 00:49:25,439
Speaker 1: Mac users the Grand Slam Grand Slam. If you are

818
00:49:25,520 --> 00:49:28,359
Speaker 1: a Grand Slam family of some weird sort, we want

819
00:49:28,400 --> 00:49:30,600
Speaker 1: to hear from you. You can tweet to us at

820
00:49:30,760 --> 00:49:33,200
Speaker 1: s y s K podcast. You can join us on

821
00:49:33,200 --> 00:49:35,600
Speaker 1: Facebook dot com slash stuff you Should Know. You can

822
00:49:35,640 --> 00:49:38,080
Speaker 1: send us an email to Stuff Podcast at how stuff

823
00:49:38,120 --> 00:49:40,880
Speaker 1: Works dot com and check out our home on the web,

824
00:49:41,160 --> 00:49:48,560
Speaker 1: Stuff you Should Know dot com for more on this

825
00:49:48,680 --> 00:49:51,200
Speaker 1: and thousands of other topics. Is it how Stuff Works

826
00:49:51,200 --> 00:49:58,800
Speaker 1: dot com