WEBVTT - Once Upon a Time on Wall Street

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<v Speaker 1>This is Bloomberg Business Week. I'm Carole Masser and I'm

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<v Speaker 1>Bloomberg Quick Takes Tim Stanovk. We're here every day bringing

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<v Speaker 1>you the latest news from the world to business and finance,

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<v Speaker 1>plus technology, politics, economics, all partnessing the power of Business

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<v Speaker 1>Week reporters and editors, not to mention our journalists and

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<v Speaker 1>analysts in more than one twenty countries. You can download

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<v Speaker 1>Bloomberg Business Weekend iTunes, SoundCloud, or Bloomberg dot Com. You

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<v Speaker 1>can also listen to our radio show at two pm

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<v Speaker 1>Eastern Time on Bloomberg Radio or watch us on YouTube

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<v Speaker 1>search Bloomberg Global News. There's a lot going on, as

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<v Speaker 1>there is every day when it comes to COVID nineteen

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<v Speaker 1>and the vaccine, watching the impact though that COVID is

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<v Speaker 1>having on public health, specifically Dr Jessica Holzer, Assistant Professor

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<v Speaker 1>in Health Sciences and Director of Public Health at the

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<v Speaker 1>University of New Haven, with us on the phone from

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<v Speaker 1>new Haven, Connecticut. Doctor holds, are nice to have you here,

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<v Speaker 1>How are you? I'm all right, Thank you for having me.

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<v Speaker 1>What's good to have you here? A lot going on

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<v Speaker 1>is there is always in our world, but in particular

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<v Speaker 1>when it comes to COVID, and I think we continue

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<v Speaker 1>you to assess, minute by minute, two steps forward, one

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<v Speaker 1>step back, where are we going? How do you see it? Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>so I think, Um, even though it might feel like

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<v Speaker 1>two steps forward one step back, I think it's really

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<v Speaker 1>important to keep focused on the fact that we are

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<v Speaker 1>in a much different place today than we were a

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<v Speaker 1>year ago when we were facing some of these other

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<v Speaker 1>return to school questions and return to work questions. We

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<v Speaker 1>do have a vaccine available for people twelves and older. Um,

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<v Speaker 1>and that really sets a tone for what's possible. Because

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<v Speaker 1>we have a vaccine, and because we have enough supply

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<v Speaker 1>now anyone who can get vaccinated, that creates a really

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<v Speaker 1>important avenue for an additional layer of protection. Uh. And

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<v Speaker 1>so I think that really has changed where we are,

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<v Speaker 1>what dance we're dancing now. Um. It's important to recognize

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<v Speaker 1>that the delta variant is a different variant than the

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<v Speaker 1>alpha variant in terms of how the vaccines are effective.

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<v Speaker 1>But even though there seems to be some less effectiveness

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<v Speaker 1>for vaccines, they're still very effective relative to not being

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<v Speaker 1>vaccine at it. And I think that's an important point

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<v Speaker 1>for us. But getting more vaccines out there safe to say,

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<v Speaker 1>is a key activity that needs to be done to

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<v Speaker 1>make sure that this virus doesn't essentially mutate to a

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<v Speaker 1>variant that doesn't react or isn't taken care of by

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<v Speaker 1>the current plate of vaccines exactly. So, the longer that

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<v Speaker 1>we have unvaccinated population, So this includes kids, which is

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<v Speaker 1>why it's still a very high priority for the vaccine

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<v Speaker 1>distributors and vaccine manufacturers to take into account the kids

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<v Speaker 1>under the age of twelve. But we see that particularly

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<v Speaker 1>for that twelve or thirty five population, We see that's

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<v Speaker 1>a population that still has substantially lower vaccination rates than

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<v Speaker 1>population is older than thirty five, and especially the sixty

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<v Speaker 1>six and above population. And it's important to recognize that

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<v Speaker 1>they are going to be the students in schools in

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<v Speaker 1>a lot of cases, um, both in middle school, high school,

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<v Speaker 1>and in college that are going to be prevented with

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<v Speaker 1>opportunities to in that communal setting and continue to infect

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<v Speaker 1>one another and to serve as Petrie dishes who are

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<v Speaker 1>new variants. Uh. And so this delta variant has come

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<v Speaker 1>about in part because of selection pressure, which is just um,

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<v Speaker 1>you know, which which variant can survive in the environment

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<v Speaker 1>the most, and a variant that's going to be able

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<v Speaker 1>to avoid vaccination and be able to um repopulated people

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<v Speaker 1>who are unvaccinated. That's going to be the variant that's

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<v Speaker 1>going to become dominant, as we've seen with Delta. So

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<v Speaker 1>avoiding future variant Lambda and others is going to essentially

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<v Speaker 1>depend on us getting as many people vaccinated as possible,

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<v Speaker 1>getting that vaccine rollout globally, and really trying to reduce

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<v Speaker 1>the available population who is at risk for developing COVID

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<v Speaker 1>and therefore would be at risk for COVID replicating into

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<v Speaker 1>new variants and new variants coming to the floor. What

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<v Speaker 1>do you say to parents who come up to you

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<v Speaker 1>and say, my kids are going back to school. I'm

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<v Speaker 1>a little nervous, they're too young to get the vaccine.

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<v Speaker 1>How should we proceed? Yeah, so I am a parent

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<v Speaker 1>of a child too young to get the vaccine, who

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<v Speaker 1>is herself dealing with those questions though they are very pertinent,

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<v Speaker 1>and uh, it's essential to those parents to recognize that

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<v Speaker 1>the more adults around those children who are vaccinated, the

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<v Speaker 1>safer those children will be. So my child is unable

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<v Speaker 1>to get vaccinated, she just turned for and the way

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<v Speaker 1>that I'm protecting her is that every single adult she

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<v Speaker 1>interacts with is vaccinated. I'm making sure they're vaccinated. I'm

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<v Speaker 1>making sure that they are still practicing safe practices. So

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<v Speaker 1>even if they're vaccinated, I'm asking questions with respect to

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<v Speaker 1>where have they've been traveling, what have their activities? Then

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<v Speaker 1>are they possibly someone who has been exposed to someone

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<v Speaker 1>who had the delta variant? Because we are seeing that

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<v Speaker 1>there are some breakthrough infections for vaccinated individuals. So those parents,

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<v Speaker 1>you know, advocate as much as possible for masking. UM.

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<v Speaker 1>Masking your own child is really important, but it's very

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<v Speaker 1>very essential that if other children are unmasked, like trying

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<v Speaker 1>to get that you place. I know, this is a

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<v Speaker 1>source of some real political friction. And so nevertheless, parents

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<v Speaker 1>have a lot of power to demand masking among their

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<v Speaker 1>schools and those sorts of places. UM, and keeping those

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<v Speaker 1>adults vaccinated is really essential. What are you seeing in

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<v Speaker 1>communities around the country, UM, some of those less fortunate

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<v Speaker 1>communities where people are just struggling maybe to you know,

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<v Speaker 1>keep a roof over the heads of their family and

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<v Speaker 1>get food on the table. Um, how are you seeing

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<v Speaker 1>them in terms of the crisis. I think about New

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<v Speaker 1>Haven certainly one of those communities. Yeah, sure, Yeah. New

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<v Speaker 1>Haven had some substantial economic variation and populations that have

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<v Speaker 1>historically been left out um of economic mobility and a

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<v Speaker 1>lot of other things, and that's been a key issue,

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<v Speaker 1>especially for vaccination. UM. It's been both an information in

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<v Speaker 1>an access question. What we've seen in New Haven is

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<v Speaker 1>that we have had door to door vaccination campaigns and

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<v Speaker 1>I've actually been involved in some of those, uh, and

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<v Speaker 1>most have been really effective at trying to address some

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<v Speaker 1>of the homebound issues, some of the education issues, and

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<v Speaker 1>some of the access issues that have presented themselves. UM.

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<v Speaker 1>I think now it really depends on leaders in community

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<v Speaker 1>right and UM at the state level to keep pressing

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<v Speaker 1>that out so the individuals art responsible themselves. That focus

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<v Speaker 1>on community is so important throughout this We've heard that

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<v Speaker 1>from so many. Jessica, thank you so much. Jessica holds

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<v Speaker 1>her She's assistant professor program director of Public Health at

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<v Speaker 1>University of New Haven. This is Bloomberg Business Week with

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<v Speaker 1>Carol Masser and Bloomberg Quick Takes. Tim Stinovic from Bloomberg Radio.

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<v Speaker 1>One of the discussions that I think surprised some, perhaps

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<v Speaker 1>even many, over the past year or so as we

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<v Speaker 1>often talked about diversity and inclusion, was the lack of

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<v Speaker 1>just that in Silicon Valley, the epicenter of US innovations.

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<v Speaker 1>So feeling that deficiency big time are Asian Americans. And

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<v Speaker 1>that's the subject of a Bloomberg Business Week story that

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<v Speaker 1>you can find online and on the Bloomberg terminal. Let's

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<v Speaker 1>get more on it from pre a non She is

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<v Speaker 1>Bloomberg Venture Capital reporters. She joins us right now on

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<v Speaker 1>the phone in San Francisco and on the remote access

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<v Speaker 1>in Massachusetts. Bloomberg business Week editor Jill WEBARDA, let me

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<v Speaker 1>bring you in. You did the reporting along with our

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<v Speaker 1>Ellen Hewitt. Tell us what you set out to find

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<v Speaker 1>out or what was it that triggered the question that

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<v Speaker 1>you knew that there was. Okay, I've got to ask

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<v Speaker 1>and find out more about the story. That's right. So

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<v Speaker 1>we've known for a while that Silicon Valley is not

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<v Speaker 1>great with diversity. And you would assume these companies, you know,

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<v Speaker 1>um companies crop up every day here. These a lot

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<v Speaker 1>of these companies are are not that many decades old.

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<v Speaker 1>You would assume that they weren't sattled with some of

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<v Speaker 1>the historical issues that other institutions that have been around

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<v Speaker 1>for maybe hundreds of years might be saddled with. But

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<v Speaker 1>one one key thing that we realized was, you know,

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<v Speaker 1>in the demographic reports that these companies put out Alphabet,

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<v Speaker 1>Google's parent company, Facebook, etcetera, one bright spot always appears

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<v Speaker 1>to be that Asian's account for almost as much of

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<v Speaker 1>the company as white folks and sometimes more of the population.

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<v Speaker 1>At a company in the US, at least Facebook, for example,

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<v Speaker 1>Asian people outnumber they're white peers, UM, ever so slightly

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<v Speaker 1>in the US. And so we looked at that a

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<v Speaker 1>little deeper and we realized, you know, there is a

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<v Speaker 1>gap as you move up the ranks at tech companies,

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<v Speaker 1>and the data shows this, um, there are far fewer

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<v Speaker 1>Asian folks in leadership compared to your overall representation at

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<v Speaker 1>the company. UM. So we noticed that gap, and we thought,

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<v Speaker 1>you know what is behind that gap. Let's start asking

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<v Speaker 1>the questions and talking to people. Yeah, and you know, Joel,

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<v Speaker 1>I think it is a surprise. You know, we do

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<v Speaker 1>often cover how tech companies and we talk with tech

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<v Speaker 1>company executives. They love to say we've got a lot

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<v Speaker 1>of diversity and inclusion, and yes, sometimes that is the case,

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<v Speaker 1>but it's not such a clear picture picture. It's a

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<v Speaker 1>lot more complicated. Yeah, and I think that you know

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<v Speaker 1>that is was really the thrust of the story. And

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<v Speaker 1>what pred um I think remarkably well is like there's

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<v Speaker 1>the data set of the story, ben't then there's the

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<v Speaker 1>human one. And so I just wanted to actually like

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<v Speaker 1>take a moment like these are people who haven't often

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<v Speaker 1>spoken on the record about sort of the environment that

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<v Speaker 1>the work environment that they're in. And and there were

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<v Speaker 1>several themes that um uh stuck out I think in

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<v Speaker 1>the reporting and and why don't you just talk to

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<v Speaker 1>us about what some of those were and what people felt. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>and Michel said, so, one of the things that is

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<v Speaker 1>most frustrating for Asians in the tech industry is that

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<v Speaker 1>the racism against them is barely acknowledged. There's this idea.

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<v Speaker 1>I spoke with someone yesterday who said, thank you for

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<v Speaker 1>writing this story, because there's been this idea that we

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<v Speaker 1>shouldn't talk about this because at least we're well represented

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<v Speaker 1>at these companies, but there are a lot of challenges

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<v Speaker 1>that come along the ways they're progressing. At a tech company,

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<v Speaker 1>we spoke with folks who are fairly young and their funnies.

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<v Speaker 1>As an intern Um, a woman who moved to San

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<v Speaker 1>Francisco for an internship was told, you know, um, white

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<v Speaker 1>men here will love to date you. And so for

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<v Speaker 1>women in the tech industry, there's this double whammy, right

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<v Speaker 1>of receiving the gendered feedback and also this sort of

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<v Speaker 1>feedback that that fetishizes Asian women. The same woman has

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<v Speaker 1>been told by a manager or by a colleague that, um,

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<v Speaker 1>you know, you only have succeeded here because someone in

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<v Speaker 1>leadership has an Asian fetish and this is someone in

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<v Speaker 1>their twenties. And this person, you know, has also been

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<v Speaker 1>told that they lack executive presence, which for someone in

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<v Speaker 1>their twenties, you know, is this vague kind of coded

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<v Speaker 1>feedback on what does that even mean? You've never managed

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<v Speaker 1>anyone in the first place, um, And when you combine

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<v Speaker 1>all those things together, it's quite a discouraging outlook. And

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<v Speaker 1>then when folks reach middle management stage, this vague feedback

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<v Speaker 1>continues right related to executive pressens. And also people are

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<v Speaker 1>often told, you know, you don't fit the profile of

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<v Speaker 1>what we're looking for in this role, and they look

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<v Speaker 1>at their credentials, they look at um, their successes that

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<v Speaker 1>they've had in their career. They look at their peers

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<v Speaker 1>and sometimes only differences. They're an Asian American compared to

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<v Speaker 1>a lot of their white peers, and they're less wondering

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<v Speaker 1>whether this big feedback had something to do with their

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<v Speaker 1>performance or their credentials, or is it about their identity. So,

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<v Speaker 1>you know, one of the other elements that I thought

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<v Speaker 1>was so significant by the story was that we're not

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<v Speaker 1>just talking about names that you know in the characters

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<v Speaker 1>that you talked to. I mean, it's all it's it's more.

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<v Speaker 1>It feels more like rank and file that you guys

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<v Speaker 1>were able to that you you and Ellen were able

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<v Speaker 1>to speak with. But there is one person that I

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<v Speaker 1>think um is more dientful than others, which is Ellen Powe.

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<v Speaker 1>And you know that she became famous for the case

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<v Speaker 1>that she lost in, but it also, um you know,

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<v Speaker 1>it speaks to sort of what she was able to

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<v Speaker 1>accomplish in the legacy her legacy a little bit. So

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<v Speaker 1>what did you learn from talking with Ellen Powe? Yeah, Well,

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<v Speaker 1>one thing I wanted to shot with Ellen Powe about

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<v Speaker 1>in particular was when she was interim CEO of Reddit. Firstly,

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<v Speaker 1>why was it interim right, Um did did the board

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<v Speaker 1>coming in decide that she wouldn't be staying on forever?

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<v Speaker 1>And why it was that? And she says she looks

0:12:14.280 --> 0:12:16.640
<v Speaker 1>back and wonders the same thing. Why she had that

0:12:16.760 --> 0:12:19.080
<v Speaker 1>taxed under a title and she let it go at

0:12:19.120 --> 0:12:22.200
<v Speaker 1>the time. Um. But one of the things that struck

0:12:22.200 --> 0:12:24.520
<v Speaker 1>me most was looking back on her career while she

0:12:24.720 --> 0:12:27.959
<v Speaker 1>was running Reddit, there were all these racist memes, but

0:12:28.120 --> 0:12:31.760
<v Speaker 1>users would post calling her chairman now or chairman pal

0:12:32.000 --> 0:12:37.200
<v Speaker 1>after you know now style memes. Um And And that

0:12:37.360 --> 0:12:40.040
<v Speaker 1>just seemed really striking right to rebel against the changes

0:12:40.120 --> 0:12:43.200
<v Speaker 1>she was making with not just any kind of meme,

0:12:43.280 --> 0:12:48.120
<v Speaker 1>but these rates, like frankly very racist memes um calling

0:12:48.120 --> 0:12:52.360
<v Speaker 1>her chairman pal. So that that was something that I

0:12:52.400 --> 0:12:55.959
<v Speaker 1>think if that happened now, um, perhaps we look at

0:12:56.000 --> 0:13:00.520
<v Speaker 1>even more than it was covered in the past. Um

0:13:00.559 --> 0:13:03.320
<v Speaker 1>And And Ellen Power is such an example for for

0:13:03.400 --> 0:13:06.200
<v Speaker 1>folks right of someone who rose and who tried to

0:13:06.840 --> 0:13:09.440
<v Speaker 1>um push back against the lack of diversity in the

0:13:09.440 --> 0:13:13.719
<v Speaker 1>tech industry by doing Kleiner Perkins for gender discrimination. And

0:13:14.360 --> 0:13:17.040
<v Speaker 1>she also feels looking back that a lot of what

0:13:17.160 --> 0:13:20.960
<v Speaker 1>she experienced was raised related as well. But as a

0:13:21.000 --> 0:13:23.360
<v Speaker 1>people strategy at the time, where lawyers advised her to

0:13:23.440 --> 0:13:27.640
<v Speaker 1>just building for gender. There's so much, so much in

0:13:27.640 --> 0:13:30.800
<v Speaker 1>this story, including how there are different experiences for different

0:13:30.840 --> 0:13:34.600
<v Speaker 1>Asian Americans. So highly recommend that everyone check it out.

0:13:34.600 --> 0:13:37.000
<v Speaker 1>I'll put it out on Twitter. Uh, Priya, thank you

0:13:37.040 --> 0:13:39.160
<v Speaker 1>so much for bringing it to as Priya Non She's

0:13:39.200 --> 0:13:41.240
<v Speaker 1>Venture Capital report U Blomberg News on the Phone from

0:13:41.280 --> 0:13:44.440
<v Speaker 1>San Francisco, written with our own Ellen hughittt Tilweber, Editor

0:13:44.480 --> 0:13:47.920
<v Speaker 1>Bloomberg Business Week on the remote access from Massachusetts. This

0:13:48.200 --> 0:13:51.960
<v Speaker 1>is Bloomberg Business Week with Carol Masser and Bloomberg Quick

0:13:52.000 --> 0:13:56.480
<v Speaker 1>Takes Tim Stinovic on Bloomberg Radio. Speaking of updates, we're

0:13:56.480 --> 0:13:58.720
<v Speaker 1>gonna get one from the Walt Disney Company. They report

0:13:59.240 --> 0:14:02.840
<v Speaker 1>their latest orderly earnings after the close tomorrow. Ahead of that,

0:14:03.200 --> 0:14:04.599
<v Speaker 1>a story that is among our most read on the

0:14:04.600 --> 0:14:08.120
<v Speaker 1>Bloomberg Today. It's about the company's Star Wars experience, a

0:14:08.160 --> 0:14:11.760
<v Speaker 1>new galactic themed hotel with what some might say is

0:14:11.800 --> 0:14:14.800
<v Speaker 1>an astronomic price tag. Here to fill us in and

0:14:14.840 --> 0:14:17.800
<v Speaker 1>what it may be portends, if you will, when it

0:14:17.840 --> 0:14:21.080
<v Speaker 1>comes to experiences, especially among the wealthy. His Connorsen. He

0:14:21.160 --> 0:14:24.760
<v Speaker 1>is Bloomberg opinion columnist founder Peachtree Creek Investments. He joins

0:14:24.800 --> 0:14:27.200
<v Speaker 1>us on the phone from Atlanta, Connor, good to have

0:14:27.240 --> 0:14:29.400
<v Speaker 1>you here. I love this story. Cut my attention this

0:14:29.480 --> 0:14:32.000
<v Speaker 1>morning when I was reading in So, first of all,

0:14:32.320 --> 0:14:35.760
<v Speaker 1>tell us what Disney is up to? Well, I think

0:14:35.800 --> 0:14:37.960
<v Speaker 1>people look at the price tag and they think about

0:14:38.000 --> 0:14:39.920
<v Speaker 1>what a theme park costs. Maybe Disney World is undred

0:14:39.960 --> 0:14:42.520
<v Speaker 1>twenty third bucks to day hotels the junior dollars, and

0:14:42.520 --> 0:14:44.880
<v Speaker 1>then they see a two day experience for two adults

0:14:44.880 --> 0:14:48.080
<v Speaker 1>that's five thousand dollars, and they're thinking what's going on here?

0:14:48.240 --> 0:14:50.280
<v Speaker 1>But I think they've they've sort of seen that there's

0:14:50.480 --> 0:14:53.560
<v Speaker 1>an appetite for this higher end luxury consumption that isn't

0:14:53.560 --> 0:14:55.400
<v Speaker 1>being met by the marketplace, and they intend to top

0:14:55.400 --> 0:14:57.680
<v Speaker 1>into it. Right because it sounds a little like what

0:14:57.960 --> 0:14:59.720
<v Speaker 1>it's going to be a small audience. But remember when

0:14:59.760 --> 0:15:01.480
<v Speaker 1>we thought there was only gonna be a small audience

0:15:01.520 --> 0:15:04.680
<v Speaker 1>maybe for these expensive Apple iPhones, and yet they have

0:15:04.800 --> 0:15:06.440
<v Speaker 1>created a lot of wealth for that company, and a

0:15:06.480 --> 0:15:08.160
<v Speaker 1>lot of people have snapped them up. What do you

0:15:08.200 --> 0:15:11.800
<v Speaker 1>think is kind of the more significant sign are what

0:15:11.840 --> 0:15:14.240
<v Speaker 1>we should read into kind of what Star Star Wars

0:15:14.240 --> 0:15:15.800
<v Speaker 1>is up to not Star Wars and what Disney is

0:15:15.840 --> 0:15:18.760
<v Speaker 1>up to, well, I think we know that household network,

0:15:18.840 --> 0:15:21.400
<v Speaker 1>especially at the top, has increased significantly of the past

0:15:21.400 --> 0:15:24.120
<v Speaker 1>ten or fifteen years, and particularly over the past twelve months.

0:15:24.280 --> 0:15:26.800
<v Speaker 1>Prices are up a lot, stock portfolio is up a lot.

0:15:26.840 --> 0:15:29.040
<v Speaker 1>If you work from home, you've probably done just fined

0:15:29.040 --> 0:15:31.560
<v Speaker 1>over the past year. And so coming out of this

0:15:31.600 --> 0:15:33.400
<v Speaker 1>pandemic and say next year, after we get through all

0:15:33.400 --> 0:15:36.200
<v Speaker 1>these variants, there's gonna be a lot of untapped appetite

0:15:36.240 --> 0:15:38.960
<v Speaker 1>for sort of luxury consumption, and there really aren't a

0:15:39.000 --> 0:15:41.040
<v Speaker 1>lot of great ways to do that, at least nothing

0:15:41.040 --> 0:15:44.000
<v Speaker 1>that's sort of newish, and so Disney says, here's something new,

0:15:44.360 --> 0:15:46.560
<v Speaker 1>something exclusive, and they think it's going to be a hit.

0:15:47.320 --> 0:15:48.920
<v Speaker 1>Do you really believe that there's not a lot of

0:15:48.920 --> 0:15:52.240
<v Speaker 1>ways for those who are really wealthy to kind of

0:15:52.280 --> 0:15:54.520
<v Speaker 1>spend their money, because because you know the argument that's

0:15:54.560 --> 0:15:57.000
<v Speaker 1>out there though that when it comes to consumers spending,

0:15:57.000 --> 0:16:00.520
<v Speaker 1>it's not the ultrawealthy that really spent all their mon any.

0:16:00.560 --> 0:16:02.920
<v Speaker 1>Is it really from a lack of things to spend

0:16:02.920 --> 0:16:05.600
<v Speaker 1>it on? I mean, I think you could look at

0:16:05.640 --> 0:16:08.400
<v Speaker 1>things like cryptocurrencies and maybe meme trading and some of

0:16:08.400 --> 0:16:10.480
<v Speaker 1>the stuff as people have money to burn and they're

0:16:10.840 --> 0:16:13.280
<v Speaker 1>willing to gamble on sort of crazy things. Just that

0:16:13.400 --> 0:16:16.120
<v Speaker 1>there's so much cash flown around. Were collectible with baseball

0:16:16.160 --> 0:16:18.400
<v Speaker 1>cards and what have you. And and so I think

0:16:18.480 --> 0:16:20.440
<v Speaker 1>when it comes to experiential stuff, a lot of what's

0:16:20.440 --> 0:16:22.240
<v Speaker 1>out there was out there ten or fifteen years ago,

0:16:22.280 --> 0:16:24.520
<v Speaker 1>and there's nothing that's that's quite new and novel. Well,

0:16:24.520 --> 0:16:25.960
<v Speaker 1>and you take us back to the I think it

0:16:26.000 --> 0:16:28.880
<v Speaker 1>was the early to mid nineteen nineties right when we

0:16:29.000 --> 0:16:32.960
<v Speaker 1>kind of saw a similar thing happened in terms of

0:16:33.360 --> 0:16:37.800
<v Speaker 1>more expensive experiences being offered up. Tell us about that, right, So,

0:16:37.920 --> 0:16:41.640
<v Speaker 1>sort of between call it, you had sort of the

0:16:41.680 --> 0:16:43.840
<v Speaker 1>modern Las Vegas popped up with cassine as like the

0:16:43.880 --> 0:16:47.400
<v Speaker 1>Marrage and MGM brand. You had sports stadiums that really

0:16:47.400 --> 0:16:49.680
<v Speaker 1>sort of upscaled and let luxury with luxury suites and

0:16:49.680 --> 0:16:52.560
<v Speaker 1>personal seat licenses, even at movie theaters who have the

0:16:52.600 --> 0:16:55.240
<v Speaker 1>invention of the megaplex and these stadium seatings or climbing

0:16:55.320 --> 0:16:57.120
<v Speaker 1>chairs and what have you. And we haven't had a

0:16:57.160 --> 0:16:58.640
<v Speaker 1>whole lot of that over the past decade or so.

0:16:58.840 --> 0:17:02.000
<v Speaker 1>And so people gotten wealthier. There's an appetite for something

0:17:02.000 --> 0:17:04.200
<v Speaker 1>new and novel, and so you create a price point

0:17:04.200 --> 0:17:08.080
<v Speaker 1>and experience that people want. So what does this mean then?

0:17:08.280 --> 0:17:11.119
<v Speaker 1>Kind of bigger broader You know you're an investor, watch

0:17:11.200 --> 0:17:13.320
<v Speaker 1>the markets. I think about our audience, who are hearing this,

0:17:13.359 --> 0:17:16.360
<v Speaker 1>and so what does this mean? Do you think potentially

0:17:16.359 --> 0:17:22.880
<v Speaker 1>we'll see more uh, costlier experiences being created out there

0:17:23.000 --> 0:17:26.120
<v Speaker 1>for because because the wealthier ready to spend some money.

0:17:26.200 --> 0:17:28.439
<v Speaker 1>If if the you know, if there's options out there, like,

0:17:28.440 --> 0:17:30.359
<v Speaker 1>how do you see it playing out? What's the significance

0:17:30.400 --> 0:17:33.240
<v Speaker 1>that especially when I think about the Bloomberg audience. Yeah,

0:17:33.280 --> 0:17:34.920
<v Speaker 1>I think if you're a corporation and you see the

0:17:34.960 --> 0:17:37.480
<v Speaker 1>star Wars Hotell be a big head at five thousand

0:17:37.520 --> 0:17:39.479
<v Speaker 1>bucks for a couple of nights, You're thinking, what can

0:17:39.520 --> 0:17:41.520
<v Speaker 1>I offer that's a five thousand dollar experience that people

0:17:41.520 --> 0:17:44.160
<v Speaker 1>are willing to pay And so whether that's Universal Studios,

0:17:44.200 --> 0:17:46.680
<v Speaker 1>maybe it's more Disney parks, Naked's cruise ships, it can

0:17:46.720 --> 0:17:49.720
<v Speaker 1>sort of have even more luxurious events. I think there's

0:17:49.720 --> 0:17:51.720
<v Speaker 1>gonna be a real land grab to sort of create

0:17:51.720 --> 0:17:53.719
<v Speaker 1>your own five thousand dollar experience and help people will

0:17:53.760 --> 0:17:55.119
<v Speaker 1>pay for it. What does it mean in terms of

0:17:55.160 --> 0:17:58.160
<v Speaker 1>economic amentum too, because I always think about economic cycles

0:17:58.200 --> 0:18:00.840
<v Speaker 1>often have you know, several lights right and several things

0:18:00.840 --> 0:18:03.240
<v Speaker 1>that kind of either keep it going or ultimately make

0:18:03.280 --> 0:18:06.240
<v Speaker 1>it stop or slow down. Could this potentially provide another

0:18:06.840 --> 0:18:10.200
<v Speaker 1>uh leg to the economic momentum that we're certainly seeing

0:18:10.200 --> 0:18:12.359
<v Speaker 1>at this point. Yeah, I think so. I mean, if

0:18:12.359 --> 0:18:14.480
<v Speaker 1>you have maybe new casinos in Las Vegas get built

0:18:14.480 --> 0:18:17.600
<v Speaker 1>that are several billion dollars of construction and jobs working claps,

0:18:17.680 --> 0:18:20.560
<v Speaker 1>jobs sort of also people working at these resorts, and

0:18:20.600 --> 0:18:22.840
<v Speaker 1>then you know, you see the wealthy spending their money

0:18:22.800 --> 0:18:25.040
<v Speaker 1>and they're creating jobs for the working class to serve them.

0:18:25.080 --> 0:18:27.400
<v Speaker 1>It also helps companies deal with the rising costs they're

0:18:27.400 --> 0:18:29.760
<v Speaker 1>doing with right now. A lot of ways that you

0:18:29.760 --> 0:18:32.000
<v Speaker 1>can sort of power new cycle that's not as dependent

0:18:32.119 --> 0:18:34.520
<v Speaker 1>on maybe tacking what we've seen over the past decade.

0:18:34.680 --> 0:18:36.600
<v Speaker 1>I did think that was really interesting in your column

0:18:36.640 --> 0:18:39.480
<v Speaker 1>when you talked about, you know, presumably Disney will be

0:18:39.520 --> 0:18:41.240
<v Speaker 1>able to pay more than fifteen dollars an hour to

0:18:41.280 --> 0:18:43.280
<v Speaker 1>staff at its Star Wars venue if it needs to.

0:18:43.520 --> 0:18:46.760
<v Speaker 1>So when things cost so much, that gives a company

0:18:46.800 --> 0:18:50.120
<v Speaker 1>that's offering it potentially more room to either pay its

0:18:50.160 --> 0:18:54.199
<v Speaker 1>workers or spend on investments. Right on. One part of

0:18:54.200 --> 0:18:56.160
<v Speaker 1>the pricing power story is just being able to offer

0:18:56.200 --> 0:18:58.359
<v Speaker 1>new products and services at higher price points that people

0:18:58.359 --> 0:19:00.320
<v Speaker 1>are wanted to spend more on. Doesn't necesarily mean just

0:19:00.400 --> 0:19:03.359
<v Speaker 1>charting more for your existing stuff. All right, So are

0:19:03.400 --> 0:19:06.560
<v Speaker 1>you going to take this galactic star cruiser trip. I'm

0:19:06.560 --> 0:19:08.560
<v Speaker 1>gonna see what the rood user like. That's that's pretty

0:19:08.560 --> 0:19:11.119
<v Speaker 1>steep for us, so we'll see alright. Yeah, and we

0:19:11.200 --> 0:19:13.639
<v Speaker 1>thought going up into space with one of the billionaires

0:19:13.680 --> 0:19:16.920
<v Speaker 1>was expensive. Um, and it is, but this is also

0:19:17.400 --> 0:19:21.240
<v Speaker 1>a pretty high price point. A really fascinating column. Connor,

0:19:21.280 --> 0:19:24.080
<v Speaker 1>thank you so much, really appreciate it, counterson his Blueberg

0:19:24.119 --> 0:19:28.320
<v Speaker 1>opinion columnist, the founder Peachtree Creek Investments, joining us on

0:19:28.320 --> 0:19:30.840
<v Speaker 1>the phone from Atlanta. A reminder that Disney will be

0:19:30.880 --> 0:19:33.919
<v Speaker 1>reporting their earnings after the close tomorrow. And I'm just

0:19:33.960 --> 0:19:36.480
<v Speaker 1>bringing up the stock right now in terms of it's

0:19:36.520 --> 0:19:38.960
<v Speaker 1>just done about one and a half percent so far

0:19:39.080 --> 0:19:49.960
<v Speaker 1>here in a journal. Now, but you let me drive, no, no, no,

0:19:52.400 --> 0:20:11.439
<v Speaker 1>all right, please, I want to drive. Try question. This

0:20:11.920 --> 0:20:15.359
<v Speaker 1>is the drive to the globe. Thanks, we'll try us

0:20:15.880 --> 0:20:19.080
<v Speaker 1>down on Bloomberg Radio. It is time for the drive

0:20:19.160 --> 0:20:20.680
<v Speaker 1>to the clothes. We have just about ten and a

0:20:20.680 --> 0:20:23.680
<v Speaker 1>half minutes left in today's trading session, and we are

0:20:23.720 --> 0:20:26.680
<v Speaker 1>off our best levels, just barely on the Dow Jones

0:20:26.720 --> 0:20:29.120
<v Speaker 1>Industrial average. Same story for the S and P five

0:20:29.520 --> 0:20:32.760
<v Speaker 1>records on both of those, we've seen in today's trading session,

0:20:33.119 --> 0:20:35.280
<v Speaker 1>nast act just down a hair and off its worst

0:20:35.359 --> 0:20:37.199
<v Speaker 1>levels of the day. So let's get to it with

0:20:37.280 --> 0:20:40.880
<v Speaker 1>Vinny Catalano. He is Chief Markets Drudges at Stuyveson Capital Management,

0:20:40.880 --> 0:20:44.280
<v Speaker 1>with us once again on the phone in New Jersey. Vinny,

0:20:44.480 --> 0:20:46.840
<v Speaker 1>nice to have you here. Feels like it's a little

0:20:46.840 --> 0:20:49.000
<v Speaker 1>bit of the dog's day dog days of summer. How

0:20:49.040 --> 0:20:52.760
<v Speaker 1>do you see the trade right now? Uh, the trade

0:20:52.880 --> 0:20:56.880
<v Speaker 1>as continuing what it's been, you know, for the better

0:20:56.880 --> 0:20:59.800
<v Speaker 1>part of the last year. Uh. You know what we

0:21:00.040 --> 0:21:02.640
<v Speaker 1>have is we have a lot of money, a lot

0:21:02.640 --> 0:21:06.040
<v Speaker 1>of easy in and easy out for the markets, the

0:21:06.080 --> 0:21:10.159
<v Speaker 1>publicly traded markets that is. And so you know this.

0:21:11.119 --> 0:21:14.680
<v Speaker 1>It had been referred to the stock market in situations

0:21:14.760 --> 0:21:19.640
<v Speaker 1>like this as being a casino being in never never land.

0:21:19.800 --> 0:21:23.760
<v Speaker 1>I say it's in whatever land, whatever land, whatever land,

0:21:23.800 --> 0:21:28.400
<v Speaker 1>whatever number sounds good to you, you know, it's just, uh,

0:21:28.880 --> 0:21:32.040
<v Speaker 1>that's that's the environment we're in. Money. So when you

0:21:32.359 --> 0:21:34.120
<v Speaker 1>when you say whatever, land, does that mean you think

0:21:34.119 --> 0:21:39.359
<v Speaker 1>there's some irresponsible trading going on and over evaluation that

0:21:39.400 --> 0:21:42.800
<v Speaker 1>we're saying, yeah, I'm going to say yes, evaluation. Yeah,

0:21:42.920 --> 0:21:48.520
<v Speaker 1>that's uh, yes, there is a by every measure of evaluation,

0:21:48.920 --> 0:21:52.119
<v Speaker 1>certainly in times of yore, when the stock market at

0:21:52.160 --> 0:21:56.280
<v Speaker 1>least made a reference to what the private equity markets

0:21:56.440 --> 0:21:59.680
<v Speaker 1>and the fixed income markets make a reference to all

0:21:59.720 --> 0:22:02.359
<v Speaker 1>the time, and that is the present value, the future

0:22:02.400 --> 0:22:05.320
<v Speaker 1>cash flows and what do we have Now we have

0:22:06.320 --> 0:22:11.560
<v Speaker 1>rationalizations for any valuation level that sounds good. We have

0:22:11.720 --> 0:22:16.560
<v Speaker 1>memes stocks that basically are I don't know what, but

0:22:17.160 --> 0:22:21.240
<v Speaker 1>there's there's no reference to fundamentals that are there, and

0:22:21.320 --> 0:22:24.719
<v Speaker 1>so this is going to go on until it stops

0:22:24.760 --> 0:22:28.040
<v Speaker 1>going on. That's that's the environment we're in. But don't

0:22:28.040 --> 0:22:30.120
<v Speaker 1>you also feel it is a market? I mean, if

0:22:30.119 --> 0:22:31.920
<v Speaker 1>you like, take a look at something like a m

0:22:32.000 --> 0:22:35.240
<v Speaker 1>C which one above sixty were now back at thirty one,

0:22:35.280 --> 0:22:37.440
<v Speaker 1>Maybe that still makes no sense considering it was a

0:22:37.560 --> 0:22:40.360
<v Speaker 1>low of what five dollars and fifty one cents back

0:22:40.359 --> 0:22:43.399
<v Speaker 1>in February of this year, But Nonetheless, it does seem like,

0:22:44.080 --> 0:22:46.800
<v Speaker 1>you know, putting meme stocks aside. It feels like investors

0:22:46.800 --> 0:22:49.280
<v Speaker 1>are having some man individual investors are having some fun

0:22:49.320 --> 0:22:53.520
<v Speaker 1>out there. But you feel that way for all sectors

0:22:53.600 --> 0:22:56.240
<v Speaker 1>of the market, even some of those Okay, yeah, not

0:22:56.280 --> 0:22:58.760
<v Speaker 1>all sectors of the market, and certainly not all sectors

0:22:59.000 --> 0:23:02.320
<v Speaker 1>of the investible kid, meaning into the private market area.

0:23:03.680 --> 0:23:06.240
<v Speaker 1>One of the things that investors might consider, if they

0:23:06.280 --> 0:23:08.359
<v Speaker 1>have the ability to do it, is to take a

0:23:08.359 --> 0:23:11.480
<v Speaker 1>look at the private markets, because the private markets offer

0:23:11.600 --> 0:23:16.000
<v Speaker 1>better value, they're more rooted in fundamentals. Uh, And the

0:23:16.040 --> 0:23:20.679
<v Speaker 1>opportunity to go public into what is clearly an inflated

0:23:20.880 --> 0:23:26.879
<v Speaker 1>stock market viaspacts or other methods is there. So if that,

0:23:27.160 --> 0:23:29.919
<v Speaker 1>I mean, if you want to find value, that's kind

0:23:29.960 --> 0:23:32.120
<v Speaker 1>of where the value would be now in the publicly

0:23:32.160 --> 0:23:34.960
<v Speaker 1>traded space. Uh, it's a heck of a lot harder.

0:23:35.800 --> 0:23:39.320
<v Speaker 1>I think what investors would do that makes the most sense,

0:23:39.520 --> 0:23:42.040
<v Speaker 1>besides all of the fundamental things that they should do,

0:23:42.480 --> 0:23:44.480
<v Speaker 1>like take a look at their portfolios, make sure that

0:23:44.520 --> 0:23:49.000
<v Speaker 1>everything is aligned with their wants and needs, their risk tolerances, etcetera.

0:23:49.119 --> 0:23:51.440
<v Speaker 1>So when you take all of those things into consideration,

0:23:51.880 --> 0:23:54.800
<v Speaker 1>that's good. That's all good basic stuff. I guess the

0:23:54.800 --> 0:23:57.480
<v Speaker 1>way to look at it is to look at thematic

0:23:57.520 --> 0:24:00.720
<v Speaker 1>issues to see what trends and themes that look like

0:24:00.800 --> 0:24:03.280
<v Speaker 1>they're going to be there for a longer period of time.

0:24:03.359 --> 0:24:06.560
<v Speaker 1>So that this way, if you're invested in an area

0:24:06.640 --> 0:24:10.840
<v Speaker 1>and that area doesn't two uh, if it hits the

0:24:10.880 --> 0:24:14.320
<v Speaker 1>speedbump along the way, then you know you're in something

0:24:14.359 --> 0:24:17.720
<v Speaker 1>that you want to be in. But going into issues

0:24:18.040 --> 0:24:21.920
<v Speaker 1>and areas because everybody else is doing it, well, yeah,

0:24:21.960 --> 0:24:24.320
<v Speaker 1>that can work until it stops working. So at that

0:24:24.359 --> 0:24:26.280
<v Speaker 1>point then you then you're stuck with something that you

0:24:26.320 --> 0:24:28.520
<v Speaker 1>really don't want to home. So when you say private markets,

0:24:28.520 --> 0:24:30.800
<v Speaker 1>are you talking about private equity specifically, or what else

0:24:30.840 --> 0:24:33.439
<v Speaker 1>are you talking about? Well, private equity or anything that

0:24:33.440 --> 0:24:37.119
<v Speaker 1>can be converted into publicly traded equities because they're the

0:24:37.200 --> 0:24:40.720
<v Speaker 1>valuation gap. If you look at the statistics over the

0:24:40.800 --> 0:24:44.080
<v Speaker 1>last and fifteen years and you look at PE ratios

0:24:44.080 --> 0:24:49.080
<v Speaker 1>of comparables of publicly traded versus private privately held issues,

0:24:49.359 --> 0:24:51.720
<v Speaker 1>you'll see that the privately held issues remained a pretty

0:24:51.720 --> 0:24:56.199
<v Speaker 1>constant level in terms of evaluation PE ratios, and so

0:24:56.280 --> 0:24:59.920
<v Speaker 1>they stayed closer to whatever the interest rate changes might

0:25:00.040 --> 0:25:03.840
<v Speaker 1>pa whereas in the publicly traded issues, they were all

0:25:03.880 --> 0:25:08.040
<v Speaker 1>over the lot, you know, significantly above, significantly below, and

0:25:08.160 --> 0:25:11.159
<v Speaker 1>that's mainly because of liquidity. You can get in, you

0:25:11.200 --> 0:25:15.280
<v Speaker 1>can get out, and why not. You know, it sounds

0:25:15.320 --> 0:25:17.080
<v Speaker 1>like fun. In fact, what I would like to do

0:25:17.400 --> 0:25:21.880
<v Speaker 1>is for you and I to create UH un offering

0:25:22.200 --> 0:25:26.480
<v Speaker 1>to Quentin Tarantino, to offering him that we will put

0:25:26.520 --> 0:25:32.159
<v Speaker 1>together a UH program for him to do a follow

0:25:32.240 --> 0:25:34.480
<v Speaker 1>up to his Once Upon a Time in Hollywood. We'll

0:25:34.520 --> 0:25:37.680
<v Speaker 1>call it Once upon a Time on Wolf Street. Once

0:25:37.760 --> 0:25:40.480
<v Speaker 1>upon a time on Wolf Street. The stock market made

0:25:40.480 --> 0:25:43.840
<v Speaker 1>a reference for value today. It's like, whatever do you

0:25:43.880 --> 0:25:45.960
<v Speaker 1>feel Do you feel like it's more out of whack

0:25:46.040 --> 0:25:48.480
<v Speaker 1>than it was during the tech bubble or during the

0:25:48.560 --> 0:25:52.400
<v Speaker 1>run up? UH? In real estate and real estate related

0:25:52.560 --> 0:25:56.080
<v Speaker 1>UH financial instruments. UH. If it walks like a duck,

0:25:56.119 --> 0:25:58.679
<v Speaker 1>and it sounds like a duck, then most likely it

0:25:58.760 --> 0:26:00.640
<v Speaker 1>is a duck. Yeah, there are there are different types

0:26:00.640 --> 0:26:06.000
<v Speaker 1>of ducks, though well there's you know, there's a lot

0:26:06.000 --> 0:26:09.480
<v Speaker 1>of similarities in that regardless. You know something John Mayne

0:26:09.600 --> 0:26:12.800
<v Speaker 1>Kane said it, Hey, markets can remain a rational logan

0:26:12.800 --> 0:26:15.160
<v Speaker 1>and you can remain solving. You know what's interesting? Well,

0:26:15.280 --> 0:26:20.000
<v Speaker 1>and do you like SPACs? Do I like SPACs? Yeah?

0:26:20.040 --> 0:26:22.560
<v Speaker 1>I like private issues that have the opportunity to go

0:26:22.640 --> 0:26:26.439
<v Speaker 1>through SPACs. Yeah, Okay, that's you know, that's good. SPACs

0:26:26.480 --> 0:26:29.520
<v Speaker 1>look interesting, but you know there's so many of them

0:26:29.560 --> 0:26:32.399
<v Speaker 1>out there, and you know, I'd rather do our movie

0:26:32.440 --> 0:26:35.320
<v Speaker 1>idea with Tarrant Kino and I can tell I can

0:26:35.200 --> 0:26:36.959
<v Speaker 1>do well. The reason I bring up spacks is if

0:26:37.000 --> 0:26:39.800
<v Speaker 1>I look at the um Spack index or one of

0:26:39.800 --> 0:26:43.800
<v Speaker 1>those back indexes, it's about so what we seem to

0:26:43.880 --> 0:26:46.400
<v Speaker 1>keep finding is that people make money very early on,

0:26:46.520 --> 0:26:48.400
<v Speaker 1>but the longer it goes on, that's not the case.

0:26:48.480 --> 0:26:51.480
<v Speaker 1>So again, for an investor, if you're lucky enough to

0:26:51.520 --> 0:26:54.000
<v Speaker 1>be in and out, great and if you have access

0:26:54.119 --> 0:26:57.480
<v Speaker 1>early enough, that's great, but that might not be the

0:26:57.560 --> 0:27:01.720
<v Speaker 1>case for most investors out there. That is correct. If

0:27:01.800 --> 0:27:05.720
<v Speaker 1>you qualify for private investments okay, and you've had on

0:27:05.760 --> 0:27:09.720
<v Speaker 1>your program in the past, uh, Lawrence Calcano from my

0:27:09.920 --> 0:27:12.080
<v Speaker 1>Capital Network and it's not a plug for them, but

0:27:12.240 --> 0:27:14.480
<v Speaker 1>just that that's an area to take a look at

0:27:14.800 --> 0:27:17.760
<v Speaker 1>if you qualify, to see what I Capital Network has

0:27:17.800 --> 0:27:20.639
<v Speaker 1>to offer, to see if there isn't something there in

0:27:20.640 --> 0:27:23.760
<v Speaker 1>the private space that might make sense for you? Do

0:27:24.000 --> 0:27:28.080
<v Speaker 1>you get nervous though, and I'm bringing up I'm taking

0:27:28.080 --> 0:27:30.919
<v Speaker 1>a look at some of the work that Peter Atwater

0:27:31.000 --> 0:27:32.880
<v Speaker 1>is doing over William and Mary just sending me a note.

0:27:32.920 --> 0:27:35.840
<v Speaker 1>But you know, concerned about some of the money slashing

0:27:35.840 --> 0:27:37.840
<v Speaker 1>around though. When it comes to private equity, there's a

0:27:37.880 --> 0:27:40.879
<v Speaker 1>lot of money chasing a lot of stuff that needs

0:27:40.920 --> 0:27:44.440
<v Speaker 1>to be put to work otherwise the private equity firms

0:27:44.760 --> 0:27:46.640
<v Speaker 1>have to give it back, you know, So I mean

0:27:48.080 --> 0:27:51.320
<v Speaker 1>you gotta be careful there too. Absolutely, you really have

0:27:51.359 --> 0:27:54.480
<v Speaker 1>to do your homework in the private space, okay, mainly

0:27:54.480 --> 0:27:57.159
<v Speaker 1>because once you go in, you're not getting out. You're

0:27:57.200 --> 0:28:00.359
<v Speaker 1>gonna be a lot getting out anytime soon. That's the

0:28:00.400 --> 0:28:03.199
<v Speaker 1>polar opposite of what goes on in the stock market.

0:28:03.400 --> 0:28:06.199
<v Speaker 1>I get in now, I get out later, whereas with

0:28:06.280 --> 0:28:08.960
<v Speaker 1>the with the private private market, get out later, meaning

0:28:09.080 --> 0:28:12.280
<v Speaker 1>very very quickly. Whereas in the private market you get

0:28:12.320 --> 0:28:14.480
<v Speaker 1>in and then you're there and you have to do

0:28:14.560 --> 0:28:16.840
<v Speaker 1>the due diligence. You've got to do the research, and

0:28:16.920 --> 0:28:19.440
<v Speaker 1>that's not an easy thing to do. But that's where

0:28:19.480 --> 0:28:23.000
<v Speaker 1>the better value happens today. At least you know the

0:28:23.080 --> 0:28:25.359
<v Speaker 1>way the way it looks compared to the to the

0:28:25.359 --> 0:28:27.880
<v Speaker 1>public markets. All right, we gotta run. Hey Vinny, good

0:28:27.880 --> 0:28:29.440
<v Speaker 1>to check in with you. Hope you and your family

0:28:29.440 --> 0:28:32.240
<v Speaker 1>are well. Vitty Catalano, he's chief market Strategies at Staveson

0:28:32.320 --> 0:28:35.840
<v Speaker 1>Capital Management, joining us on the phone in New Jersey,

0:28:35.880 --> 0:28:37.560
<v Speaker 1>and folks, we just have a few minutes left in

0:28:37.600 --> 0:28:41.600
<v Speaker 1>today's trading session. Thanks for listening to Bloomberg Business Week.

0:28:41.720 --> 0:28:45.280
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0:28:45.320 --> 0:28:47.000
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0:28:47.000 --> 0:28:49.600
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