WEBVTT - Elastics: Where God and Science Smooch 0:00:01.440 --> 0:00:05.200 Hey there, it's Josh and it's my turn finally, and 0:00:05.200 --> 0:00:08.039 I hope you're enjoying our doing science playlists so far. 0:00:08.680 --> 0:00:12.760 Up next, we have our twenty seventeen episode on elastics. 0:00:13.360 --> 0:00:16.759 It's one of those episodes like Ballpoint, pens or Zippers, 0:00:17.200 --> 0:00:20.280 where the topic sounds super boring but it actually turns 0:00:20.280 --> 0:00:24.200 out to be super interesting, And this episode, as a bonus, 0:00:24.480 --> 0:00:28.000 has a surprising amount of discussion on pirates for a 0:00:28.080 --> 0:00:30.200 show on things that snap back. 0:00:30.040 --> 0:00:31.200 When you pull them. 0:00:31.640 --> 0:00:34.159 Enjoy feeling your brain in large. 0:00:37.240 --> 0:00:47.320 Welcome to you Stuff you Should Know from HowStuffWorks dot com. 0:00:47.440 --> 0:00:50.520 Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark, There's 0:00:50.600 --> 0:00:54.880 Charles W. Chuck Bryant, There's Jerry. This is Stuff you 0:00:54.920 --> 0:00:59.360 Should Know. The Sick Edition, the annual sick Edition. You 0:00:59.400 --> 0:01:02.840 aren't well, friend, No, And it really stinks too, Chuck, 0:01:02.880 --> 0:01:05.960 because like I like to think that I take pretty 0:01:06.000 --> 0:01:07.800 good care of myself. So to be able to be 0:01:07.880 --> 0:01:11.040 felled not once, but twice in just a few months 0:01:11.120 --> 0:01:14.440 by some stupid bug, it's irritating to me. 0:01:14.840 --> 0:01:17.000 I know, you get mad every time you get sick, though, 0:01:17.160 --> 0:01:18.520 just so you know I do. 0:01:19.560 --> 0:01:21.360 I hadn't noticed that Actually. 0:01:23.120 --> 0:01:25.880 My wife is the same way. Well it's not fun, 0:01:26.000 --> 0:01:27.760 I know, but she gets like kind of yeah, you 0:01:27.800 --> 0:01:30.080 both get a little angry like why did this happen 0:01:30.120 --> 0:01:35.319 to me? I get more pitiful, like, oh somebody helped me. 0:01:35.400 --> 0:01:36.720 Oh I've got that going on too. 0:01:36.840 --> 0:01:43.240 Listen to this. So does that mean people have the 0:01:43.280 --> 0:01:45.840 next like eight episodes to look forward to? 0:01:45.880 --> 0:01:49.560 This? Or no? No, man, no way, this is it. 0:01:50.080 --> 0:01:52.880 This is it right here. I think actually, yesterday might 0:01:52.920 --> 0:01:53.800 have been the worst day. 0:01:54.040 --> 0:01:56.240 Oh well good, yeah. 0:01:56.240 --> 0:01:59.200 I mean today was a close second, but we'll find out. Yeah, 0:01:59.280 --> 0:02:01.440 it is bad. I gotta be a pro, man, I 0:02:01.480 --> 0:02:03.360 gotta I gotta get. 0:02:03.200 --> 0:02:05.440 Well, the show must go on. 0:02:08.320 --> 0:02:13.560 So today, Chuck Charles, we're talking elastic. Yeah, did you 0:02:13.560 --> 0:02:15.120 know much about this? No? 0:02:15.240 --> 0:02:17.800 I thought this is actually super interesting. And it also 0:02:17.880 --> 0:02:23.480 contained two uh, what we like to call dinner party 0:02:23.680 --> 0:02:26.200 factoids that people can bust out. 0:02:26.680 --> 0:02:28.760 We need a jingle that says that so we can 0:02:28.760 --> 0:02:30.680 play it when when it comes up. 0:02:31.160 --> 0:02:33.000 Yeah, I mean there's lots of cool stuff in here. 0:02:33.040 --> 0:02:35.600 And please don't correct us on factoid because. 0:02:35.760 --> 0:02:38.600 Oh yeah, man, that's so two thousand and nine, Yeah, 0:02:38.320 --> 0:02:39.760 and eleven maybe. 0:02:39.560 --> 0:02:42.960 Exactly, but yeah, two really cool facts in here that 0:02:43.000 --> 0:02:45.160 I think people can just keep in their hip pocket. 0:02:45.840 --> 0:02:48.839 Okay, are you good? So until we get a jingle made, 0:02:48.840 --> 0:02:50.920 I'll bet Noel will make one for us. But until 0:02:50.919 --> 0:02:53.200 we do, maybe you should you want to practice one. 0:02:55.160 --> 0:02:58.480 Geez, what's a good dinner party jingle? It should it 0:02:58.480 --> 0:03:00.960 should be like wine glasses and plates and forks and 0:03:01.000 --> 0:03:02.120 things clinking. 0:03:02.200 --> 0:03:06.760 Right, and then maybe like this Orwellian voice going duner 0:03:07.040 --> 0:03:09.160 party factor. 0:03:10.680 --> 0:03:13.640 Yeah, here we are eight years in, still evolving. 0:03:13.960 --> 0:03:17.480 Yeah, it's a work in progress. Okay, so we're talking 0:03:17.520 --> 0:03:20.760 elastic chuck. Uh huh. I didn't know that much about 0:03:20.760 --> 0:03:24.200 it either. In this article written by one William Harris, 0:03:24.400 --> 0:03:26.520 good one, Yeah it is. It makes a pretty good 0:03:26.560 --> 0:03:30.360 point that it's just one of those things and specifically, say, 0:03:30.360 --> 0:03:32.760 like a rubber band, you just kind of think it's 0:03:32.800 --> 0:03:37.200 always been around, and you know you've always you just think, 0:03:37.280 --> 0:03:40.880 like you know, elastic waistbands have been around for eons. 0:03:41.120 --> 0:03:43.720 It was basically the second thing discovered after fire, is 0:03:43.720 --> 0:03:45.200 what I've always thought, Yes. 0:03:45.440 --> 0:03:49.040 Today, since Adam first popped eaves bra strap. 0:03:49.160 --> 0:03:52.160 Right, it's been around. Yeah, you'd think that's actually not 0:03:52.280 --> 0:03:55.920 the case at all. It's elastic itself and elastic, we 0:03:55.920 --> 0:04:02.160 should say is basically any rubber, natural or synthetic thread 0:04:02.400 --> 0:04:06.360 woven with another kind of fabric usually like say cotton 0:04:06.440 --> 0:04:11.000 or nylon or whatever that produces a stretchy fabric that's elastic, right. 0:04:11.200 --> 0:04:13.040 Yeah, Like I think a lot of people don't even 0:04:13.080 --> 0:04:16.680 realize if they took their underwear waistband. Don't do this 0:04:16.720 --> 0:04:19.320 because then you ruined it. But maybe if you have 0:04:19.360 --> 0:04:21.120 an old pair, if you just kind of cut it, 0:04:21.440 --> 0:04:23.800 you would see these these little elastic threads. It's all 0:04:23.800 --> 0:04:27.359 it is. Yes, sure, little rubber bands. 0:04:27.279 --> 0:04:30.120 Or or you could go to like a thrift store 0:04:30.200 --> 0:04:32.280 or something, buy a pair and then cut those. 0:04:32.920 --> 0:04:36.040 If you're buying a thrift store underwear, then I don't know, 0:04:36.240 --> 0:04:38.680 I wouldn't recommend that. Yeah, I don't think they even 0:04:38.680 --> 0:04:43.800 slid Actually they do what really? Yep used underwear? 0:04:44.120 --> 0:04:44.440 Yes? 0:04:45.080 --> 0:04:49.480 Wow, so ten percent skid free. 0:04:50.640 --> 0:04:53.280 That's probably. That's gotta be one of the more difficult tasks. 0:04:53.320 --> 0:05:00.279 It's like getting those things just prepared for resale, you know. Yeah, 0:05:00.440 --> 0:05:05.599 I don't want to be unprepared for resale duty today. Anyway, 0:05:05.839 --> 0:05:07.480 when you do, if you cut it open, if you 0:05:07.520 --> 0:05:09.760 look very closely, have you ever done this. Have you 0:05:09.800 --> 0:05:13.239 ever seen like an elastic waistband come come loose? Sure 0:05:13.520 --> 0:05:15.520 as you've got. If you look really closely, you can 0:05:15.560 --> 0:05:18.440 be like going to like the little threads that are 0:05:18.480 --> 0:05:22.240 sticking out, because some just hang limp and loose. That's cotton. 0:05:22.320 --> 0:05:24.400 Nobody cares about that. But the ones that are just 0:05:24.480 --> 0:05:26.279 kind of still sticking out a little bit and you 0:05:26.320 --> 0:05:30.680 can throw them though, that's the that's the rubber or 0:05:31.240 --> 0:05:35.680 natural or synthetic rubber that that gives that elastic its stretchiness. 0:05:35.960 --> 0:05:38.760 And again, this is a fairly recent invention, especially if 0:05:38.760 --> 0:05:41.880 you're talking about waistbands for underpants. 0:05:42.320 --> 0:05:45.000 Yeah, and especially if you're talking about elastic. That really 0:05:45.040 --> 0:05:48.880 kind of worked. There were two sort of dives into 0:05:49.040 --> 0:05:52.719 making elastic, and one quite a long time ago, and 0:05:52.760 --> 0:05:56.320 then one more recently that obviously worked much better. And 0:05:56.400 --> 0:05:59.240 basically the reason it worked much more better more recently 0:05:59.800 --> 0:06:03.080 is better techniques to making rubber and then better techniques 0:06:03.800 --> 0:06:06.760 changing that rubber into something that you could actually use, 0:06:07.240 --> 0:06:08.800 like in a waistband. 0:06:08.480 --> 0:06:12.400 Right exactly. But we've known about rubber for a very 0:06:12.440 --> 0:06:15.480 long time since well, I should say those of us 0:06:15.520 --> 0:06:17.040 in the West have known about it for a very 0:06:17.080 --> 0:06:20.720 long time. Those indigenous peoples of the Amazon have known 0:06:20.760 --> 0:06:21.799 about it even longer. 0:06:21.920 --> 0:06:24.960 But I interrupted. You were talking about waistbands. 0:06:25.440 --> 0:06:30.760 Oh okay, so yeah, so with underwear, waistbands in particular, right, Yes, 0:06:31.520 --> 0:06:36.640 apparently humans have felt shame for thousands of years because 0:06:36.680 --> 0:06:41.480 the oldest pair of underwear, identifiable underwear are seven thousand 0:06:41.560 --> 0:06:42.280 years old. 0:06:42.680 --> 0:06:45.800 And he bought them at Goodwill right last week. 0:06:45.960 --> 0:06:50.440 Yeah, so these this underwear. Originally, well even before that, 0:06:50.520 --> 0:06:53.880 I should say, there was something called breechcloth, and that 0:06:53.960 --> 0:06:55.920 was just basically strips of leather that just kind of 0:06:56.000 --> 0:06:58.839 hung down and covered you junk, maybe kept the gnats 0:06:58.839 --> 0:07:00.200 out that kind of thing, right. 0:07:00.320 --> 0:07:01.040 Or kept them in. 0:07:02.160 --> 0:07:07.760 Yeah, it was your thing. Probably catch some and those 0:07:07.800 --> 0:07:11.680 are even older than the first underwear, which would be 0:07:11.760 --> 0:07:14.840 considered a loin cloth, yeah, of course, which is basically that. 0:07:14.920 --> 0:07:16.880 And there are loin cloths that are at least five 0:07:16.920 --> 0:07:20.560 thousand years or seven thousand years old, and they are 0:07:22.120 --> 0:07:27.120 basically in a linen diaper that is folded in a 0:07:27.160 --> 0:07:31.600 certain way, worn by grown ups, including very famously most recently, 0:07:31.640 --> 0:07:33.880 Gandhi used to wear a loin cloth everywhere. It was 0:07:33.920 --> 0:07:37.200 called a dati. But it's a loin cloth, no matter 0:07:37.280 --> 0:07:40.640 what you call it, that's right. So those stuck around 0:07:40.680 --> 0:07:43.440 for quite a while in the West, and it wasn't 0:07:43.520 --> 0:07:47.440 until basically the Middle Ages that someone said we can 0:07:47.440 --> 0:07:48.200 do better than this. 0:07:49.240 --> 0:07:51.680 Yeah, and they brought around these things that are that 0:07:51.800 --> 0:07:55.520 were much longer than a loin cloth, most of them. 0:07:55.640 --> 0:07:59.000 Kind of for my research, these braids b r ai 0:07:59.280 --> 0:08:01.920 e s went below the knee even. 0:08:02.360 --> 0:08:05.320 Yeah. They were like a cross between a loincloth and jams. 0:08:05.960 --> 0:08:09.160 Yeah, sort of. It says here that they were lace 0:08:09.200 --> 0:08:12.239 to the waist and legs, but there may be lace 0:08:12.360 --> 0:08:15.440 under the waist, but they're also generally kind of rolled 0:08:15.440 --> 0:08:17.920 over many times at the waist, right, I think, to 0:08:18.000 --> 0:08:19.440 probably tighten it up a bit. 0:08:19.720 --> 0:08:21.880 Yeah, and everyone said, great, this is work. 0:08:22.120 --> 0:08:22.360 Yeah. 0:08:22.400 --> 0:08:25.360 For a while, I'm happy with this, and you know, 0:08:25.520 --> 0:08:27.840 then it went a different way. We should do an 0:08:28.000 --> 0:08:30.960 entire episode just on corsets. I know, there's a good 0:08:31.000 --> 0:08:35.040 article on the site on it. But after Braisee, the 0:08:35.800 --> 0:08:38.679 what's called the union suit was invented. 0:08:38.840 --> 0:08:40.240 What dinner party fact. 0:08:40.800 --> 0:08:42.600 Okay, there you go, that's good. 0:08:42.840 --> 0:08:44.720 I never knew. I thought it was called a union 0:08:44.760 --> 0:08:47.840 suit because it had something somewhere along the line to 0:08:47.840 --> 0:08:51.600 do with unions, but no. In fact, the word union suit. 0:08:52.080 --> 0:08:54.320 Now we know them as long John's. Even though long 0:08:54.400 --> 0:08:57.520 John's are generally two piece. The one piece union suit 0:08:57.640 --> 0:08:59.719 is called that because it is one piece. It is 0:08:59.760 --> 0:09:02.760 the union of a top and a bottom undergarment. 0:09:03.000 --> 0:09:05.240 Yep, that's right. It's a one piece long John with 0:09:05.320 --> 0:09:08.600 a flap in the bottom. Uh. They usually button all 0:09:08.600 --> 0:09:10.800 the way up front, from the growing up to the neck. 0:09:10.880 --> 0:09:11.680 Do you have any of these? 0:09:12.280 --> 0:09:15.080 I'm wearing a couple of pair right now. Obviously you 0:09:15.200 --> 0:09:16.880 just can't see him because they're under my clothes. 0:09:16.920 --> 0:09:17.640 Do you really have some? 0:09:18.320 --> 0:09:20.840 No? I have Long John's. I've got these one called 0:09:20.840 --> 0:09:24.320 the Silkies that work really well. Oh yeah, But I 0:09:24.320 --> 0:09:26.920 don't have a union suit. No, do you? No? 0:09:27.160 --> 0:09:27.480 I don't. 0:09:27.559 --> 0:09:27.959 Neymore. 0:09:28.360 --> 0:09:33.240 My brother still Scott squares by the union suit. I 0:09:33.240 --> 0:09:36.480 think he has the classic red. And then, of course 0:09:36.520 --> 0:09:40.240 they famously have like you said, the it's either called 0:09:40.240 --> 0:09:43.600 an access hatch. I've also seen them called a drop 0:09:43.640 --> 0:09:45.320 seat or a fireman's flap. 0:09:45.640 --> 0:09:48.520 Yeah, I saw that too. Where you can see. 0:09:48.280 --> 0:09:51.800 That, yeah, where you can unbutton your you know, because 0:09:51.840 --> 0:09:54.040 generally you're wearing this out in the cold so you 0:09:54.040 --> 0:09:56.840 don't want to strip down to the naked if you 0:09:56.880 --> 0:09:59.600 want to go peepee or poo poo. Right, so you 0:09:59.679 --> 0:10:01.920 just open the old access hatch in there you have it. 0:10:02.120 --> 0:10:05.640 Yeah, now that see that to me makes sense in 0:10:05.679 --> 0:10:09.600 the nineteenth century when the union suit was invented. Today, though, 0:10:09.640 --> 0:10:12.839 it's like, I guess Scott just likes to add a 0:10:12.880 --> 0:10:16.000 little panic to when he has to tinkle, like having 0:10:16.040 --> 0:10:17.200 to get that flap open. 0:10:18.120 --> 0:10:22.559 I think he's just a classicist, not classicist, a who's 0:10:22.600 --> 0:10:24.360 someone who's into the classic things. 0:10:24.480 --> 0:10:25.160 Classicist. 0:10:25.559 --> 0:10:28.880 Oh okay, that sounds like he doesn't like poor people. 0:10:29.040 --> 0:10:33.240 That's a classist. Oh okay, that extra makes a big difference. 0:10:33.360 --> 0:10:35.000 Okay, he's a classicist. 0:10:34.520 --> 0:10:38.040 Then, yeah, yeah, okay, so you should tell him this. 0:10:38.120 --> 0:10:42.560 Here's another little sub dinner party factoid. Union suits were 0:10:42.559 --> 0:10:45.959 originally invented for women from what I understand, all right, 0:10:46.240 --> 0:10:49.000 and they were invented in response to the corset craze 0:10:49.000 --> 0:10:51.160 because apparently courses were so out of hand. It was 0:10:51.200 --> 0:10:53.360 basically like remember our footbinding episode. 0:10:53.440 --> 0:10:56.160 Oh yeah, so that's. 0:10:55.960 --> 0:10:58.880 Basically what women in Europe and the United States, in 0:10:58.920 --> 0:11:02.840 the western country were doing with corsets. They were engaging 0:11:02.880 --> 0:11:07.200 in what was amounted to footbinding, but with their waists right. 0:11:07.280 --> 0:11:12.920 They were literally deforming themselves right, using corsets. And there 0:11:13.000 --> 0:11:17.080 was a Reformation movement against the corset and against that 0:11:17.160 --> 0:11:20.560 look and what it's fall and ultimately was the union suit, 0:11:20.559 --> 0:11:23.000 which were so great that mem were like these are 0:11:23.040 --> 0:11:24.600 ours now, right. 0:11:25.240 --> 0:11:28.079 Yeah, we should do one corsets. I assume that they 0:11:28.120 --> 0:11:30.920 did this because men were like, no more of an 0:11:31.000 --> 0:11:31.720 hour glass? 0:11:32.880 --> 0:11:35.360 Yeah yeah, And I think that's where the Reformation came 0:11:35.400 --> 0:11:37.640 out of, like, just shut up, men, do you have 0:11:37.679 --> 0:11:42.000 any like we're disfigured now thanks to you idiots? 0:11:43.200 --> 0:11:46.040 Well, I hate to pack another dinner party fact right 0:11:46.080 --> 0:11:47.880 next to the other one, but that's kind of where 0:11:47.920 --> 0:11:51.559 we are. So my second factoid that you should bring 0:11:51.640 --> 0:11:53.800 up next time you're among friends, or next time you 0:11:53.840 --> 0:11:56.720 see an injured friend perhaps is if they're using an 0:11:56.760 --> 0:12:01.240 ace bandage, ask them what it stands for, and they'll say, uh, well, 0:12:01.320 --> 0:12:03.880 what do you mean? But it, in fact is in 0:12:03.960 --> 0:12:07.120 an acronym. Correct, yes it is, And what does it 0:12:07.160 --> 0:12:07.600 stand for? 0:12:08.200 --> 0:12:10.600 All cotton elastic ace ban. 0:12:10.600 --> 0:12:13.640 All caught an elastic bandage. I never knew that until today. 0:12:13.520 --> 0:12:16.920 And it's been around since nineteen eighteen apparently that the 0:12:17.520 --> 0:12:22.400 three M company introduced it. Amazing and so so, okay, 0:12:22.440 --> 0:12:27.319 you've got an ACE bandage, which is essentially an elastic 0:12:27.360 --> 0:12:33.319 waistband used to keep Shack's elbow in place. 0:12:33.120 --> 0:12:38.320 Right, Shaquille O'Neill, Yeah, all right, what your one think? 0:12:38.360 --> 0:12:42.920 This is? What's what's crazy is this is nineteen eighteen 0:12:42.960 --> 0:12:45.920 that that three AM introduced the ACE and it took 0:12:46.000 --> 0:12:49.320 until the forties before somebody thought, why don't we just 0:12:49.400 --> 0:12:55.240 like attach like underpants a loincloth to that and as 0:12:55.320 --> 0:12:57.600 we pull it up, snap it in place and be like, 0:12:57.720 --> 0:12:59.800 oh baby, modell. 0:13:00.679 --> 0:13:02.439 I guess because I mean the only thing I can 0:13:02.480 --> 0:13:05.840 think of is because they were tying them and they disfigured, 0:13:05.880 --> 0:13:07.319 well that works pretty well for now. 0:13:08.440 --> 0:13:11.520 Yeah, I guess, you know. I mean, that's what that's 0:13:11.520 --> 0:13:14.480 what William Harris says. He says it was basically a 0:13:14.520 --> 0:13:18.080 sort of fashion inertia. That's everything was fine, like you 0:13:18.080 --> 0:13:20.560 could use buttons or ties or something like that and 0:13:20.920 --> 0:13:23.520 keep it in place, so who cares. But it's just 0:13:23.559 --> 0:13:25.920 so much easier to pull up your underpants, snap them 0:13:25.960 --> 0:13:27.839 in place, and go, oh baby. 0:13:29.360 --> 0:13:33.640 That's right. But regardless of what you're talking about here. 0:13:34.040 --> 0:13:38.000 These fabrics, including elastic, are made with a loom. And 0:13:38.080 --> 0:13:40.840 if you've ever seen a loom at work. 0:13:42.160 --> 0:13:45.640 Or at work, yeah, it's amazing to want to come 0:13:45.640 --> 0:13:47.240 into work. You're like, what the hell is this loom 0:13:47.240 --> 0:13:47.800 doing here? 0:13:48.679 --> 0:13:50.280 Well, not at your job, but you know. 0:13:50.240 --> 0:13:52.480 I know, to me, sure that was just being a wise. 0:13:52.800 --> 0:13:55.080 Have you ever seen a loom doing its thing? It's 0:13:55.080 --> 0:13:58.880 pretty impressive. And what I mean it's really not that 0:13:59.000 --> 0:14:03.280 complicated either. Basic. All it's doing is allowing these lengthwise 0:14:03.360 --> 0:14:07.120 threads to be interlaced with with with wise. 0:14:06.880 --> 0:14:08.920 Threads the warp in the weft. 0:14:09.360 --> 0:14:11.360 Yeah, which is not a bad band name, by the way. 0:14:11.480 --> 0:14:15.040 No, it's not especially like like proto folk. 0:14:15.600 --> 0:14:16.960 Yeah, well that's exactly what it would be. 0:14:17.040 --> 0:14:17.520 Mm hm. 0:14:17.520 --> 0:14:20.800 That would be at least three guys wearing vests in 0:14:20.840 --> 0:14:25.040 that band for sure. That may have been woven with illum. 0:14:26.520 --> 0:14:30.200 Yeah right, you know, and maybe uh pocket watches with 0:14:30.320 --> 0:14:31.359 the chains. 0:14:31.040 --> 0:14:31.640 Oh totally. 0:14:31.920 --> 0:14:32.240 Yeah. 0:14:32.240 --> 0:14:34.280 But that's all illom does. It goes, you know, it 0:14:34.360 --> 0:14:37.240 allows this interlacing to take place, and that's what's happening 0:14:37.680 --> 0:14:40.880 with elastic. It just takes the place of the yarn 0:14:41.080 --> 0:14:42.880 and it's it's uh. 0:14:42.800 --> 0:14:44.360 Well part of the yarn, half of the yarn, or 0:14:44.400 --> 0:14:45.360 a portion of the yarn. 0:14:45.720 --> 0:14:47.440 Well, yeah, because in the in the case of a 0:14:47.480 --> 0:14:51.480 waste band, you're obviously introducing other fabrics as well, like 0:14:51.560 --> 0:14:53.200 cotton probably or something else. 0:14:53.480 --> 0:14:56.040 Yeah, and that's the case with any elastic. Elastic is 0:14:56.400 --> 0:15:00.760 again it's it's a type of fiber woven together with 0:15:01.520 --> 0:15:07.040 some sort of rubber and to create this new, stretchy, 0:15:07.800 --> 0:15:11.160 resilient fabric that's elastic. 0:15:11.480 --> 0:15:13.480 You want to take a nose blow break. 0:15:13.920 --> 0:15:44.440 I die here, Thank you, Charles, Sure, all right, we're back. 0:15:45.080 --> 0:15:45.440 You good. 0:15:46.160 --> 0:15:48.880 Yeah, I should say also, like I keep hammering home 0:15:49.240 --> 0:15:52.040 what the definition of elastic is. Then we're talking about 0:15:52.040 --> 0:15:55.360 elastic waistbands, and that's what you think of typically. But again, 0:15:55.440 --> 0:15:59.800 any fabric with fiber of one type and rubber woven 0:15:59.840 --> 0:16:02.440 to the other is elastic, and that has tons and 0:16:02.520 --> 0:16:07.640 tons of uses. Oh sure, Like bungee cords are elastic, right, Uh, 0:16:09.280 --> 0:16:13.560 you know everything else that's like that, it's like elastic. 0:16:13.880 --> 0:16:17.080 Well, you know in your socks a lot of times 0:16:17.080 --> 0:16:19.640 that they'll be I mean, there's elastic and you know, 0:16:19.680 --> 0:16:22.760 we'll get to spandex later, but that that stuff is 0:16:22.760 --> 0:16:25.320 in many, many, many garments that you wear today. You 0:16:25.360 --> 0:16:28.400 mayn't realize that you have the stuff in your clothing, right, 0:16:28.920 --> 0:16:32.200 everything from the the neck of your shirt perhaps too, 0:16:33.440 --> 0:16:37.840 maybe the tongue of your shoes sometimes. Yeah, fancy shoes 0:16:37.880 --> 0:16:38.920 will have elastic in them. 0:16:39.280 --> 0:16:42.840 Those jeans that you wear to Thanksgiving dinner, they have 0:16:42.880 --> 0:16:43.880 an elastic waste. 0:16:44.960 --> 0:16:47.480 Oh, I know what your jeans you're talking about. I 0:16:47.480 --> 0:16:48.160 don't wear those. 0:16:48.520 --> 0:16:51.520 They're pleated jeans, which is just weird looking to. 0:16:51.600 --> 0:16:52.600 Just wear buttonflies. 0:16:53.480 --> 0:16:55.800 Oh yeah, so you just go, pop. 0:16:55.600 --> 0:16:58.320 Yep, pop a couple out. You're all set. 0:16:58.600 --> 0:17:00.320 That's right. You can stuff a lot a lot of 0:17:00.400 --> 0:17:01.680 extra bits in there. 0:17:03.240 --> 0:17:05.680 All right, So let's should we get in the way 0:17:05.680 --> 0:17:08.960 back machine a bit and go back to the eighteenth 0:17:09.040 --> 0:17:12.840 then I guess the nineteenth and eighteenth centuries. Huh, yeah, 0:17:18.680 --> 0:17:20.120 all right, we're pirates. 0:17:21.040 --> 0:17:23.040 Oh man, I'm glad you brought that up. I read 0:17:23.080 --> 0:17:25.880 this really interesting article. I found it on I think 0:17:25.920 --> 0:17:28.960 on long form, but it's from the National Endowment for 0:17:29.000 --> 0:17:33.920 the Humanities like magazine website. And this guy wrote an 0:17:34.040 --> 0:17:40.480 article about how just thoroughly we misunderstand pirates and how 0:17:40.480 --> 0:17:45.360 our conception of pirates took place basically in one decade 0:17:45.359 --> 0:17:49.520 between seventeen I think twenty six and thirty six, and 0:17:49.960 --> 0:17:53.040 everything we think of as pirates is crammed into that 0:17:53.160 --> 0:17:56.720 ten years. Everything before and after is totally different from 0:17:56.760 --> 0:17:59.160 our conception of pirates, and that they were actually very 0:17:59.200 --> 0:18:02.480 frequently they were just sailors who would go attack like 0:18:02.520 --> 0:18:04.760 a vessel in the Indian Ocean for one big haul 0:18:05.160 --> 0:18:07.960 and then flee to the colonies and buy a bunch 0:18:07.960 --> 0:18:10.040 of pigs and set up a farm and live as 0:18:10.080 --> 0:18:13.000 like upstanding citizens from that point on. And some of 0:18:13.040 --> 0:18:16.640 them were like lieutenant governors. It was a really interesting 0:18:16.720 --> 0:18:19.200 article that I recommend tremendously. 0:18:19.280 --> 0:18:22.760 Obviously, did we not cover that in our Pirates episode 0:18:23.000 --> 0:18:24.359 eighteen years ago? 0:18:25.000 --> 0:18:26.920 No, we wouldn't have known that. This is a brand 0:18:26.920 --> 0:18:30.800 new article. I'm sure we just totally fell for everything, right, 0:18:31.200 --> 0:18:34.760 And apparently that's it's not we like, that's not our 0:18:34.840 --> 0:18:39.320 fault that this guy's article and idea is pretty new. 0:18:39.480 --> 0:18:41.960 It's just one of these things historically everyone kind of 0:18:42.119 --> 0:18:45.879 bought in on. Interesting. Yep, to me, that way, you 0:18:46.000 --> 0:18:48.480 got it, all right. So we're talking pirates here, and 0:18:48.560 --> 0:18:52.200 not just pirates, but sailors explorers basically anyone who got 0:18:52.200 --> 0:18:55.200 on a ship in the seventeen and eighteen hundreds, early 0:18:55.280 --> 0:19:01.159 eighteen hundreds and went exploring. Yeah, and they you know 0:19:01.200 --> 0:19:02.920 what they did was they would go off and find 0:19:02.960 --> 0:19:05.280 things that they didn't have in their home country. Say, 0:19:05.280 --> 0:19:08.040 oh my god, what is this? Let me bring it back. 0:19:08.440 --> 0:19:10.440 Yeah, and cinnamon remember cinnamon episode. 0:19:10.520 --> 0:19:13.520 Yeah, absolutely, that's a great example. But one of the 0:19:13.520 --> 0:19:17.480 things they found in Central and South America was what 0:19:17.520 --> 0:19:22.920 the French called kouchuok nice and it's an Indian term 0:19:23.000 --> 0:19:26.560 meaning weeping wood, and it's basically what they're talking about. 0:19:26.880 --> 0:19:28.840 Are is it an actual rubber tree? 0:19:29.240 --> 0:19:34.840 Yep? Hey via brazilansis the rubber tree which literally oozes 0:19:35.680 --> 0:19:36.800 milky latex? 0:19:37.080 --> 0:19:38.040 Yeah, naturally. 0:19:38.480 --> 0:19:43.800 Yeah. And the earliest sailors that encountered the indigenous natives 0:19:43.800 --> 0:19:46.800 of the Amazon were like, what's that stuff you're like 0:19:46.840 --> 0:19:49.760 putting out on your outerwear and it's keeping the rain out? 0:19:49.880 --> 0:19:55.040 Or what's that weird flexible bottle you're using? And they 0:19:55.600 --> 0:19:58.520 explained it to them and those guys said, awesome, you 0:19:58.520 --> 0:20:02.440 know who love this, my fellow Europeans. So they took 0:20:02.440 --> 0:20:03.360 it back with them. 0:20:03.240 --> 0:20:05.439 And then they said, and what are those awesome drugs 0:20:05.440 --> 0:20:07.840 that you give us in liquid form every night after dinner. 0:20:08.000 --> 0:20:09.080 They said, oh, yeah, Huska. 0:20:09.240 --> 0:20:11.200 Yeah, and they went, we'll take some of that home. 0:20:11.040 --> 0:20:13.159 Too, Yeah, can we get it to go bag of 0:20:13.240 --> 0:20:13.800 that stuff? 0:20:14.840 --> 0:20:17.879 So, yeah, they they were already using the stuff because 0:20:17.880 --> 0:20:21.440 they found out when when it was dried out, basically 0:20:21.600 --> 0:20:23.480 you could use it for a lot of things, like 0:20:23.520 --> 0:20:27.680 you said, bottles, shoes, just like this, you know, flexible 0:20:27.760 --> 0:20:28.680 rubbery material. 0:20:28.960 --> 0:20:32.160 Yeah, right, so everything's hunky door. This is a brand 0:20:32.160 --> 0:20:35.040 new thing. Europe's starting to go crazy for it. But 0:20:35.320 --> 0:20:40.800 what they figured out pretty quickly was that you you 0:20:40.840 --> 0:20:43.080 couldn't do a lot with it. Right. As we'll find 0:20:43.119 --> 0:20:48.320 out later, rubber has an unusual natural chemistry, and it 0:20:48.440 --> 0:20:51.720 just so happens that in the normal range of temperatures 0:20:51.840 --> 0:20:55.800 outside of the tropics, it can tend to fall apart 0:20:55.800 --> 0:20:59.600 pretty easily. Yeah, it has a narrow range of temperatures 0:20:59.760 --> 0:21:02.520 that that allow its usefulness. Right, So once you take 0:21:02.560 --> 0:21:07.040 it up to above the equator to say, like Europe 0:21:07.119 --> 0:21:11.040 or the United States or whatever, and they did, they 0:21:11.040 --> 0:21:13.240 thought it was great. They thought it was terrific. People 0:21:13.280 --> 0:21:16.199 went crazy for it. Joseph Priestley actually came up with 0:21:16.320 --> 0:21:19.000 a dinner party factoid that I'm sure you'd love to share. 0:21:19.520 --> 0:21:20.840 Uh oh which one? 0:21:21.200 --> 0:21:22.680 Oh you didn't, This wasn't one of them. 0:21:23.080 --> 0:21:25.800 No, I blew mine on the two. 0:21:26.000 --> 0:21:32.680 Joseph Priestley, who was very famous chemist, Jason Priestley's triple 0:21:32.760 --> 0:21:34.560 great uncle. We'll say we. 0:21:34.560 --> 0:21:36.680