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Speaker 1: Hey there, it's Josh and it's my turn finally, and

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Speaker 1: I hope you're enjoying our doing science playlists so far.

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Speaker 1: Up next, we have our twenty seventeen episode on elastics.

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Speaker 1: It's one of those episodes like Ballpoint, pens or Zippers,

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Speaker 1: where the topic sounds super boring but it actually turns

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Speaker 1: out to be super interesting, And this episode, as a bonus,

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Speaker 1: has a surprising amount of discussion on pirates for a

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Speaker 1: show on things that snap back.

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Speaker 2: When you pull them.

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Speaker 1: Enjoy feeling your brain in large.

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Speaker 3: Welcome to you Stuff you Should Know from HowStuffWorks dot com.

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Speaker 2: Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark, There's

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Speaker 2: Charles W. Chuck Bryant, There's Jerry. This is Stuff you

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Speaker 2: Should Know. The Sick Edition, the annual sick Edition. You

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Speaker 2: aren't well, friend, No, And it really stinks too, Chuck,

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Speaker 2: because like I like to think that I take pretty

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Speaker 2: good care of myself. So to be able to be

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Speaker 2: felled not once, but twice in just a few months

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Speaker 2: by some stupid bug, it's irritating to me.

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Speaker 4: I know, you get mad every time you get sick, though,

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Speaker 4: just so you know I do.

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Speaker 2: I hadn't noticed that Actually.

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Speaker 4: My wife is the same way. Well it's not fun,

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Speaker 4: I know, but she gets like kind of yeah, you

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Speaker 4: both get a little angry like why did this happen

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Speaker 4: to me? I get more pitiful, like, oh somebody helped me.

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Speaker 2: Oh I've got that going on too.

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Speaker 4: Listen to this. So does that mean people have the

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Speaker 4: next like eight episodes to look forward to?

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Speaker 2: This? Or no? No, man, no way, this is it.

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Speaker 2: This is it right here. I think actually, yesterday might

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Speaker 2: have been the worst day.

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Speaker 4: Oh well good, yeah.

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Speaker 2: I mean today was a close second, but we'll find out. Yeah,

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Speaker 2: it is bad. I gotta be a pro, man, I

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Speaker 2: gotta I gotta get.

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Speaker 4: Well, the show must go on.

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Speaker 2: So today, Chuck Charles, we're talking elastic. Yeah, did you

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Speaker 2: know much about this? No?

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Speaker 4: I thought this is actually super interesting. And it also

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Speaker 4: contained two uh, what we like to call dinner party

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Speaker 4: factoids that people can bust out.

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Speaker 2: We need a jingle that says that so we can

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Speaker 2: play it when when it comes up.

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Speaker 4: Yeah, I mean there's lots of cool stuff in here.

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Speaker 4: And please don't correct us on factoid because.

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Speaker 2: Oh yeah, man, that's so two thousand and nine, Yeah,

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Speaker 2: and eleven maybe.

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Speaker 4: Exactly, but yeah, two really cool facts in here that

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Speaker 4: I think people can just keep in their hip pocket.

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Speaker 2: Okay, are you good? So until we get a jingle made,

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Speaker 2: I'll bet Noel will make one for us. But until

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Speaker 2: we do, maybe you should you want to practice one.

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Speaker 4: Geez, what's a good dinner party jingle? It should it

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Speaker 4: should be like wine glasses and plates and forks and

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Speaker 4: things clinking.

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Speaker 2: Right, and then maybe like this Orwellian voice going duner

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Speaker 2: party factor.

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Speaker 4: Yeah, here we are eight years in, still evolving.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, it's a work in progress. Okay, so we're talking

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Speaker 2: elastic chuck. Uh huh. I didn't know that much about

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Speaker 2: it either. In this article written by one William Harris,

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Speaker 2: good one, Yeah it is. It makes a pretty good

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Speaker 2: point that it's just one of those things and specifically, say,

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Speaker 2: like a rubber band, you just kind of think it's

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Speaker 2: always been around, and you know you've always you just think,

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Speaker 2: like you know, elastic waistbands have been around for eons.

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Speaker 2: It was basically the second thing discovered after fire, is

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Speaker 2: what I've always thought, Yes.

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Speaker 4: Today, since Adam first popped eaves bra strap.

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Speaker 2: Right, it's been around. Yeah, you'd think that's actually not

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Speaker 2: the case at all. It's elastic itself and elastic, we

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Speaker 2: should say is basically any rubber, natural or synthetic thread

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Speaker 2: woven with another kind of fabric usually like say cotton

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Speaker 2: or nylon or whatever that produces a stretchy fabric that's elastic, right.

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Speaker 4: Yeah, Like I think a lot of people don't even

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Speaker 4: realize if they took their underwear waistband. Don't do this

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Speaker 4: because then you ruined it. But maybe if you have

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Speaker 4: an old pair, if you just kind of cut it,

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Speaker 4: you would see these these little elastic threads. It's all

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Speaker 4: it is. Yes, sure, little rubber bands.

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Speaker 2: Or or you could go to like a thrift store

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Speaker 2: or something, buy a pair and then cut those.

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Speaker 4: If you're buying a thrift store underwear, then I don't know,

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Speaker 4: I wouldn't recommend that. Yeah, I don't think they even

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Speaker 4: slid Actually they do what really? Yep used underwear?

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Speaker 2: Yes?

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Speaker 4: Wow, so ten percent skid free.

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Speaker 2: That's probably. That's gotta be one of the more difficult tasks.

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Speaker 2: It's like getting those things just prepared for resale, you know. Yeah,

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Speaker 2: I don't want to be unprepared for resale duty today. Anyway,

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Speaker 2: when you do, if you cut it open, if you

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Speaker 2: look very closely, have you ever done this. Have you

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Speaker 2: ever seen like an elastic waistband come come loose? Sure

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Speaker 2: as you've got. If you look really closely, you can

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Speaker 2: be like going to like the little threads that are

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Speaker 2: sticking out, because some just hang limp and loose. That's cotton.

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Speaker 2: Nobody cares about that. But the ones that are just

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Speaker 2: kind of still sticking out a little bit and you

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Speaker 2: can throw them though, that's the that's the rubber or

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Speaker 2: natural or synthetic rubber that that gives that elastic its stretchiness.

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Speaker 2: And again, this is a fairly recent invention, especially if

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Speaker 2: you're talking about waistbands for underpants.

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Speaker 4: Yeah, and especially if you're talking about elastic. That really

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Speaker 4: kind of worked. There were two sort of dives into

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Speaker 4: making elastic, and one quite a long time ago, and

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Speaker 4: then one more recently that obviously worked much better. And

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Speaker 4: basically the reason it worked much more better more recently

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Speaker 4: is better techniques to making rubber and then better techniques

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Speaker 4: changing that rubber into something that you could actually use,

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Speaker 4: like in a waistband.

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Speaker 2: Right exactly. But we've known about rubber for a very

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Speaker 2: long time since well, I should say those of us

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Speaker 2: in the West have known about it for a very

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Speaker 2: long time. Those indigenous peoples of the Amazon have known

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Speaker 2: about it even longer.

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Speaker 4: But I interrupted. You were talking about waistbands.

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Speaker 2: Oh okay, so yeah, so with underwear, waistbands in particular, right, Yes,

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Speaker 2: apparently humans have felt shame for thousands of years because

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Speaker 2: the oldest pair of underwear, identifiable underwear are seven thousand

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Speaker 2: years old.

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Speaker 4: And he bought them at Goodwill right last week.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, so these this underwear. Originally, well even before that,

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Speaker 2: I should say, there was something called breechcloth, and that

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Speaker 2: was just basically strips of leather that just kind of

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Speaker 2: hung down and covered you junk, maybe kept the gnats

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Speaker 2: out that kind of thing, right.

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Speaker 4: Or kept them in.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, it was your thing. Probably catch some and those

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Speaker 2: are even older than the first underwear, which would be

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Speaker 2: considered a loin cloth, yeah, of course, which is basically that.

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Speaker 2: And there are loin cloths that are at least five

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Speaker 2: thousand years or seven thousand years old, and they are

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Speaker 2: basically in a linen diaper that is folded in a

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Speaker 2: certain way, worn by grown ups, including very famously most recently,

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Speaker 2: Gandhi used to wear a loin cloth everywhere. It was

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Speaker 2: called a dati. But it's a loin cloth, no matter

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Speaker 2: what you call it, that's right. So those stuck around

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Speaker 2: for quite a while in the West, and it wasn't

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Speaker 2: until basically the Middle Ages that someone said we can

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Speaker 2: do better than this.

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Speaker 4: Yeah, and they brought around these things that are that

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Speaker 4: were much longer than a loin cloth, most of them.

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Speaker 4: Kind of for my research, these braids b r ai

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Speaker 4: e s went below the knee even.

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Speaker 2: Yeah. They were like a cross between a loincloth and jams.

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Speaker 4: Yeah, sort of. It says here that they were lace

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Speaker 4: to the waist and legs, but there may be lace

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Speaker 4: under the waist, but they're also generally kind of rolled

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Speaker 4: over many times at the waist, right, I think, to

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Speaker 4: probably tighten it up a bit.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, and everyone said, great, this is work.

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Speaker 4: Yeah.

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Speaker 2: For a while, I'm happy with this, and you know,

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Speaker 2: then it went a different way. We should do an

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Speaker 2: entire episode just on corsets. I know, there's a good

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Speaker 2: article on the site on it. But after Braisee, the

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Speaker 2: what's called the union suit was invented.

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Speaker 4: What dinner party fact.

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Speaker 2: Okay, there you go, that's good.

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Speaker 4: I never knew. I thought it was called a union

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Speaker 4: suit because it had something somewhere along the line to

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Speaker 4: do with unions, but no. In fact, the word union suit.

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Speaker 4: Now we know them as long John's. Even though long

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Speaker 4: John's are generally two piece. The one piece union suit

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Speaker 4: is called that because it is one piece. It is

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Speaker 4: the union of a top and a bottom undergarment.

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Speaker 2: Yep, that's right. It's a one piece long John with

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Speaker 2: a flap in the bottom. Uh. They usually button all

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Speaker 2: the way up front, from the growing up to the neck.

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Speaker 4: Do you have any of these?

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Speaker 2: I'm wearing a couple of pair right now. Obviously you

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Speaker 2: just can't see him because they're under my clothes.

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Speaker 4: Do you really have some?

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Speaker 2: No? I have Long John's. I've got these one called

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Speaker 2: the Silkies that work really well. Oh yeah, But I

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Speaker 2: don't have a union suit. No, do you? No?

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Speaker 4: I don't.

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Speaker 2: Neymore.

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Speaker 4: My brother still Scott squares by the union suit. I

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Speaker 4: think he has the classic red. And then, of course

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Speaker 4: they famously have like you said, the it's either called

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Speaker 4: an access hatch. I've also seen them called a drop

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Speaker 4: seat or a fireman's flap.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, I saw that too. Where you can see.

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Speaker 4: That, yeah, where you can unbutton your you know, because

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Speaker 4: generally you're wearing this out in the cold so you

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Speaker 4: don't want to strip down to the naked if you

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Speaker 4: want to go peepee or poo poo. Right, so you

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Speaker 4: just open the old access hatch in there you have it.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, now that see that to me makes sense in

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Speaker 2: the nineteenth century when the union suit was invented. Today, though,

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Speaker 2: it's like, I guess Scott just likes to add a

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Speaker 2: little panic to when he has to tinkle, like having

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Speaker 2: to get that flap open.

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Speaker 4: I think he's just a classicist, not classicist, a who's

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Speaker 4: someone who's into the classic things.

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Speaker 2: Classicist.

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Speaker 4: Oh okay, that sounds like he doesn't like poor people.

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Speaker 2: That's a classist. Oh okay, that extra makes a big difference.

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Speaker 4: Okay, he's a classicist.

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Speaker 2: Then, yeah, yeah, okay, so you should tell him this.

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Speaker 2: Here's another little sub dinner party factoid. Union suits were

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Speaker 2: originally invented for women from what I understand, all right,

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Speaker 2: and they were invented in response to the corset craze

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Speaker 2: because apparently courses were so out of hand. It was

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Speaker 2: basically like remember our footbinding episode.

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Speaker 4: Oh yeah, so that's.

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Speaker 2: Basically what women in Europe and the United States, in

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Speaker 2: the western country were doing with corsets. They were engaging

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Speaker 2: in what was amounted to footbinding, but with their waists right.

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Speaker 2: They were literally deforming themselves right, using corsets. And there

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Speaker 2: was a Reformation movement against the corset and against that

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Speaker 2: look and what it's fall and ultimately was the union suit,

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Speaker 2: which were so great that mem were like these are

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Speaker 2: ours now, right.

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Speaker 4: Yeah, we should do one corsets. I assume that they

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Speaker 4: did this because men were like, no more of an

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Speaker 4: hour glass?

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Speaker 2: Yeah yeah, And I think that's where the Reformation came

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Speaker 2: out of, like, just shut up, men, do you have

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Speaker 2: any like we're disfigured now thanks to you idiots?

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Speaker 4: Well, I hate to pack another dinner party fact right

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Speaker 4: next to the other one, but that's kind of where

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Speaker 4: we are. So my second factoid that you should bring

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Speaker 4: up next time you're among friends, or next time you

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Speaker 4: see an injured friend perhaps is if they're using an

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Speaker 4: ace bandage, ask them what it stands for, and they'll say, uh, well,

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Speaker 4: what do you mean? But it, in fact is in

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Speaker 4: an acronym. Correct, yes it is, And what does it

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Speaker 4: stand for?

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Speaker 2: All cotton elastic ace ban.

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Speaker 4: All caught an elastic bandage. I never knew that until today.

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Speaker 2: And it's been around since nineteen eighteen apparently that the

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Speaker 2: three M company introduced it. Amazing and so so, okay,

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Speaker 2: you've got an ACE bandage, which is essentially an elastic

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Speaker 2: waistband used to keep Shack's elbow in place.

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Speaker 4: Right, Shaquille O'Neill, Yeah, all right, what your one think?

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Speaker 2: This is? What's what's crazy is this is nineteen eighteen

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Speaker 2: that that three AM introduced the ACE and it took

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Speaker 2: until the forties before somebody thought, why don't we just

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Speaker 2: like attach like underpants a loincloth to that and as

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Speaker 2: we pull it up, snap it in place and be like,

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Speaker 2: oh baby, modell.

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Speaker 4: I guess because I mean the only thing I can

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Speaker 4: think of is because they were tying them and they disfigured,

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Speaker 4: well that works pretty well for now.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, I guess, you know. I mean, that's what that's

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Speaker 2: what William Harris says. He says it was basically a

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Speaker 2: sort of fashion inertia. That's everything was fine, like you

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Speaker 2: could use buttons or ties or something like that and

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Speaker 2: keep it in place, so who cares. But it's just

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Speaker 2: so much easier to pull up your underpants, snap them

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Speaker 2: in place, and go, oh baby.

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Speaker 4: That's right. But regardless of what you're talking about here.

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Speaker 4: These fabrics, including elastic, are made with a loom. And

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Speaker 4: if you've ever seen a loom at work.

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Speaker 2: Or at work, yeah, it's amazing to want to come

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Speaker 2: into work. You're like, what the hell is this loom

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Speaker 2: doing here?

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Speaker 4: Well, not at your job, but you know.

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Speaker 2: I know, to me, sure that was just being a wise.

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Speaker 4: Have you ever seen a loom doing its thing? It's

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Speaker 4: pretty impressive. And what I mean it's really not that

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Speaker 4: complicated either. Basic. All it's doing is allowing these lengthwise

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Speaker 4: threads to be interlaced with with with wise.

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Speaker 2: Threads the warp in the weft.

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Speaker 4: Yeah, which is not a bad band name, by the way.

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Speaker 2: No, it's not especially like like proto folk.

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Speaker 4: Yeah, well that's exactly what it would be.

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Speaker 2: Mm hm.

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Speaker 4: That would be at least three guys wearing vests in

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Speaker 4: that band for sure. That may have been woven with illum.

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Speaker 2: Yeah right, you know, and maybe uh pocket watches with

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Speaker 2: the chains.

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Speaker 4: Oh totally.

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Speaker 2: Yeah.

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Speaker 4: But that's all illom does. It goes, you know, it

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Speaker 4: allows this interlacing to take place, and that's what's happening

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Speaker 4: with elastic. It just takes the place of the yarn

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Speaker 4: and it's it's uh.

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Speaker 2: Well part of the yarn, half of the yarn, or

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Speaker 2: a portion of the yarn.

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Speaker 4: Well, yeah, because in the in the case of a

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Speaker 4: waste band, you're obviously introducing other fabrics as well, like

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Speaker 4: cotton probably or something else.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, and that's the case with any elastic. Elastic is

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Speaker 2: again it's it's a type of fiber woven together with

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Speaker 2: some sort of rubber and to create this new, stretchy,

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Speaker 2: resilient fabric that's elastic.

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Speaker 4: You want to take a nose blow break.

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Speaker 2: I die here, Thank you, Charles, Sure, all right, we're back.

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Speaker 4: You good.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, I should say also, like I keep hammering home

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Speaker 2: what the definition of elastic is. Then we're talking about

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Speaker 2: elastic waistbands, and that's what you think of typically. But again,

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Speaker 2: any fabric with fiber of one type and rubber woven

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Speaker 2: to the other is elastic, and that has tons and

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Speaker 2: tons of uses. Oh sure, Like bungee cords are elastic, right, Uh,

300
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Speaker 2: you know everything else that's like that, it's like elastic.

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Speaker 4: Well, you know in your socks a lot of times

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Speaker 4: that they'll be I mean, there's elastic and you know,

303
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Speaker 4: we'll get to spandex later, but that that stuff is

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Speaker 4: in many, many, many garments that you wear today. You

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Speaker 4: mayn't realize that you have the stuff in your clothing, right,

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Speaker 4: everything from the the neck of your shirt perhaps too,

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Speaker 4: maybe the tongue of your shoes sometimes. Yeah, fancy shoes

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Speaker 4: will have elastic in them.

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Speaker 2: Those jeans that you wear to Thanksgiving dinner, they have

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Speaker 2: an elastic waste.

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Speaker 4: Oh, I know what your jeans you're talking about. I

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Speaker 4: don't wear those.

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Speaker 2: They're pleated jeans, which is just weird looking to.

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Speaker 4: Just wear buttonflies.

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Speaker 2: Oh yeah, so you just go, pop.

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Speaker 4: Yep, pop a couple out. You're all set.

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Speaker 2: That's right. You can stuff a lot a lot of

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Speaker 2: extra bits in there.

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Speaker 4: All right, So let's should we get in the way

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Speaker 4: back machine a bit and go back to the eighteenth

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Speaker 4: then I guess the nineteenth and eighteenth centuries. Huh, yeah,

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Speaker 4: all right, we're pirates.

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Speaker 2: Oh man, I'm glad you brought that up. I read

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Speaker 2: this really interesting article. I found it on I think

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Speaker 2: on long form, but it's from the National Endowment for

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Speaker 2: the Humanities like magazine website. And this guy wrote an

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Speaker 2: article about how just thoroughly we misunderstand pirates and how

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Speaker 2: our conception of pirates took place basically in one decade

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Speaker 2: between seventeen I think twenty six and thirty six, and

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Speaker 2: everything we think of as pirates is crammed into that

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Speaker 2: ten years. Everything before and after is totally different from

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Speaker 2: our conception of pirates, and that they were actually very

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Speaker 2: frequently they were just sailors who would go attack like

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Speaker 2: a vessel in the Indian Ocean for one big haul

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Speaker 2: and then flee to the colonies and buy a bunch

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Speaker 2: of pigs and set up a farm and live as

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Speaker 2: like upstanding citizens from that point on. And some of

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Speaker 2: them were like lieutenant governors. It was a really interesting

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Speaker 2: article that I recommend tremendously.

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Speaker 4: Obviously, did we not cover that in our Pirates episode

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Speaker 4: eighteen years ago?

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Speaker 2: No, we wouldn't have known that. This is a brand

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Speaker 2: new article. I'm sure we just totally fell for everything, right,

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Speaker 2: And apparently that's it's not we like, that's not our

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Speaker 2: fault that this guy's article and idea is pretty new.

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Speaker 4: It's just one of these things historically everyone kind of

347
00:18:42,119 --> 00:18:45,879
Speaker 4: bought in on. Interesting. Yep, to me, that way, you

348
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Speaker 4: got it, all right. So we're talking pirates here, and

349
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Speaker 4: not just pirates, but sailors explorers basically anyone who got

350
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Speaker 4: on a ship in the seventeen and eighteen hundreds, early

351
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Speaker 4: eighteen hundreds and went exploring. Yeah, and they you know

352
00:19:01,200 --> 00:19:02,920
Speaker 4: what they did was they would go off and find

353
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Speaker 4: things that they didn't have in their home country. Say,

354
00:19:05,280 --> 00:19:08,040
Speaker 4: oh my god, what is this? Let me bring it back.

355
00:19:08,440 --> 00:19:10,440
Speaker 2: Yeah, and cinnamon remember cinnamon episode.

356
00:19:10,520 --> 00:19:13,520
Speaker 4: Yeah, absolutely, that's a great example. But one of the

357
00:19:13,520 --> 00:19:17,480
Speaker 4: things they found in Central and South America was what

358
00:19:17,520 --> 00:19:22,920
Speaker 4: the French called kouchuok nice and it's an Indian term

359
00:19:23,000 --> 00:19:26,560
Speaker 4: meaning weeping wood, and it's basically what they're talking about.

360
00:19:26,880 --> 00:19:28,840
Speaker 4: Are is it an actual rubber tree?

361
00:19:29,240 --> 00:19:34,840
Speaker 2: Yep? Hey via brazilansis the rubber tree which literally oozes

362
00:19:35,680 --> 00:19:36,800
Speaker 2: milky latex?

363
00:19:37,080 --> 00:19:38,040
Speaker 4: Yeah, naturally.

364
00:19:38,480 --> 00:19:43,800
Speaker 2: Yeah. And the earliest sailors that encountered the indigenous natives

365
00:19:43,800 --> 00:19:46,800
Speaker 2: of the Amazon were like, what's that stuff you're like

366
00:19:46,840 --> 00:19:49,760
Speaker 2: putting out on your outerwear and it's keeping the rain out?

367
00:19:49,880 --> 00:19:55,040
Speaker 2: Or what's that weird flexible bottle you're using? And they

368
00:19:55,600 --> 00:19:58,520
Speaker 2: explained it to them and those guys said, awesome, you

369
00:19:58,520 --> 00:20:02,440
Speaker 2: know who love this, my fellow Europeans. So they took

370
00:20:02,440 --> 00:20:03,360
Speaker 2: it back with them.

371
00:20:03,240 --> 00:20:05,439
Speaker 4: And then they said, and what are those awesome drugs

372
00:20:05,440 --> 00:20:07,840
Speaker 4: that you give us in liquid form every night after dinner.

373
00:20:08,000 --> 00:20:09,080
Speaker 2: They said, oh, yeah, Huska.

374
00:20:09,240 --> 00:20:11,200
Speaker 4: Yeah, and they went, we'll take some of that home.

375
00:20:11,040 --> 00:20:13,159
Speaker 2: Too, Yeah, can we get it to go bag of

376
00:20:13,240 --> 00:20:13,800
Speaker 2: that stuff?

377
00:20:14,840 --> 00:20:17,879
Speaker 4: So, yeah, they they were already using the stuff because

378
00:20:17,880 --> 00:20:21,440
Speaker 4: they found out when when it was dried out, basically

379
00:20:21,600 --> 00:20:23,480
Speaker 4: you could use it for a lot of things, like

380
00:20:23,520 --> 00:20:27,680
Speaker 4: you said, bottles, shoes, just like this, you know, flexible

381
00:20:27,760 --> 00:20:28,680
Speaker 4: rubbery material.

382
00:20:28,960 --> 00:20:32,160
Speaker 2: Yeah, right, so everything's hunky door. This is a brand

383
00:20:32,160 --> 00:20:35,040
Speaker 2: new thing. Europe's starting to go crazy for it. But

384
00:20:35,320 --> 00:20:40,800
Speaker 2: what they figured out pretty quickly was that you you

385
00:20:40,840 --> 00:20:43,080
Speaker 2: couldn't do a lot with it. Right. As we'll find

386
00:20:43,119 --> 00:20:48,320
Speaker 2: out later, rubber has an unusual natural chemistry, and it

387
00:20:48,440 --> 00:20:51,720
Speaker 2: just so happens that in the normal range of temperatures

388
00:20:51,840 --> 00:20:55,800
Speaker 2: outside of the tropics, it can tend to fall apart

389
00:20:55,800 --> 00:20:59,600
Speaker 2: pretty easily. Yeah, it has a narrow range of temperatures

390
00:20:59,760 --> 00:21:02,520
Speaker 2: that that allow its usefulness. Right, So once you take

391
00:21:02,560 --> 00:21:07,040
Speaker 2: it up to above the equator to say, like Europe

392
00:21:07,119 --> 00:21:11,040
Speaker 2: or the United States or whatever, and they did, they

393
00:21:11,040 --> 00:21:13,240
Speaker 2: thought it was great. They thought it was terrific. People

394
00:21:13,280 --> 00:21:16,199
Speaker 2: went crazy for it. Joseph Priestley actually came up with

395
00:21:16,320 --> 00:21:19,000
Speaker 2: a dinner party factoid that I'm sure you'd love to share.

396
00:21:19,520 --> 00:21:20,840
Speaker 4: Uh oh which one?

397
00:21:21,200 --> 00:21:22,680
Speaker 2: Oh you didn't, This wasn't one of them.

398
00:21:23,080 --> 00:21:25,800
Speaker 4: No, I blew mine on the two.

399
00:21:26,000 --> 00:21:32,680
Speaker 2: Joseph Priestley, who was very famous chemist, Jason Priestley's triple

400
00:21:32,760 --> 00:21:34,560
Speaker 2: great uncle. We'll say we.

401
00:21:34,560 --> 00:21:36,680
Speaker 4: Made that same joke in the anesthesia episode.

402
00:21:36,840 --> 00:21:39,199
Speaker 2: I'll bet we did, because yeah, that's where he popped up.

403
00:21:39,240 --> 00:21:43,600
Speaker 2: That's right, thanks for that. Oh and the nitrous oxide one. Yeah, yeah,

404
00:21:43,640 --> 00:21:45,560
Speaker 2: so he got his hands on some of this because

405
00:21:45,560 --> 00:21:48,280
Speaker 2: everybody's like, he's the only chemist alive, right now, give

406
00:21:48,280 --> 00:21:50,199
Speaker 2: it to him. And he's like, you know what, this

407
00:21:50,280 --> 00:21:53,480
Speaker 2: is amazing. I'm writing in pencil and then I'm rubbing

408
00:21:53,520 --> 00:21:59,000
Speaker 2: this this late text Khachuk, and it's rubbing out the

409
00:21:59,040 --> 00:22:02,800
Speaker 2: pencil marks. And that gave rise to the term rubber.

410
00:22:04,640 --> 00:22:07,119
Speaker 4: Oh that's how the name, yeah came around.

411
00:22:07,280 --> 00:22:11,560
Speaker 2: Yep, from rubbing, from rubbing out pencil marks, erasing rubber.

412
00:22:11,840 --> 00:22:15,320
Speaker 2: Interesting because remember the British loved to change everything with

413
00:22:15,359 --> 00:22:17,840
Speaker 2: an error on the end, Like soccer is actually shortened

414
00:22:17,880 --> 00:22:26,080
Speaker 2: association football, like a soccer became soccer right there? You rubber.

415
00:22:26,960 --> 00:22:28,840
Speaker 4: That's pretty interesting. I don't know how I screwed it

416
00:22:28,880 --> 00:22:29,520
Speaker 4: past that one.

417
00:22:30,040 --> 00:22:30,879
Speaker 2: I love that one.

418
00:22:31,200 --> 00:22:35,119
Speaker 4: So it became a big deal, and everyone you know

419
00:22:35,160 --> 00:22:37,080
Speaker 4: that had a little money to invest thought, hey, we

420
00:22:37,119 --> 00:22:39,280
Speaker 4: can make a lot of dough with this stuff. We

421
00:22:39,320 --> 00:22:43,119
Speaker 4: can transform that into something useful, like, let's say, in

422
00:22:43,160 --> 00:22:46,160
Speaker 4: a garment. But like you said, they had this problem

423
00:22:46,200 --> 00:22:48,440
Speaker 4: that it was a very narrow range of temperatures where

424
00:22:48,440 --> 00:22:50,919
Speaker 4: they could find it useful. So a couple of dudes

425
00:22:53,000 --> 00:22:55,879
Speaker 4: started working on it. We've talked about mister Charles Goodyear before.

426
00:22:57,119 --> 00:23:00,280
Speaker 4: We talk about him and I don't know, but I

427
00:23:00,359 --> 00:23:04,439
Speaker 4: mean definitely the Goodyear Blumps episode. But it seems like,

428
00:23:05,440 --> 00:23:06,879
Speaker 4: do we not do one in vulcanization.

429
00:23:07,680 --> 00:23:09,680
Speaker 2: I don't remember. I was looking up rubber or something

430
00:23:09,720 --> 00:23:12,439
Speaker 2: because some of the stuff in the extra source that

431
00:23:12,480 --> 00:23:16,440
Speaker 2: I sent you was kind of like talked about this before.

432
00:23:16,560 --> 00:23:18,879
Speaker 4: Yeah, we haven't done this entire episode, have we?

433
00:23:19,119 --> 00:23:22,600
Speaker 2: No? Definitely not? Okay? If so, then I really am

434
00:23:22,720 --> 00:23:24,040
Speaker 2: just totally out of my mind.

435
00:23:25,320 --> 00:23:27,600
Speaker 4: So Goodyear was one. He was working in the US,

436
00:23:27,760 --> 00:23:30,840
Speaker 4: and then another guy named Thomas Hancock, an English inventor,

437
00:23:31,280 --> 00:23:35,280
Speaker 4: partnered with a dude named Charles McIntosh and they started

438
00:23:35,280 --> 00:23:40,320
Speaker 4: making raincoats basically, yeah, the Macintosh, the classic McIntosh.

439
00:23:40,720 --> 00:23:45,680
Speaker 2: Yeah. And so Charles Thomas Hancock was already pretty well

440
00:23:45,800 --> 00:23:49,320
Speaker 2: situated to he was already working on it, right, Yeah,

441
00:23:49,359 --> 00:23:53,399
Speaker 2: But Charles Goodyear had that breakthrough first. And it was

442
00:23:53,440 --> 00:23:56,320
Speaker 2: actually a really big deal that he had this breakthrough

443
00:23:56,520 --> 00:24:01,160
Speaker 2: because in the early eighteen thirties, Charles Goodyear became obsessed

444
00:24:01,200 --> 00:24:03,640
Speaker 2: with cracking the rubber coat. He just knew it could

445
00:24:03,680 --> 00:24:07,280
Speaker 2: be used to be made into something useful, right, Yeah,

446
00:24:08,160 --> 00:24:11,960
Speaker 2: and he became so personally committed to it. He all

447
00:24:12,000 --> 00:24:15,479
Speaker 2: of his investors went away. He went into Debtor's prisons

448
00:24:15,560 --> 00:24:19,240
Speaker 2: so regularly he referred to it as his hotel. Six

449
00:24:19,359 --> 00:24:22,200
Speaker 2: of his twelve children didn't make it to adulthood. They

450
00:24:22,200 --> 00:24:25,360
Speaker 2: were just that poor oh man. They had to sell

451
00:24:25,400 --> 00:24:28,080
Speaker 2: their dinnerware. So he made plates for him out of rubber.

452
00:24:29,119 --> 00:24:31,280
Speaker 2: It was really, really rough. So the idea that he

453
00:24:31,359 --> 00:24:36,800
Speaker 2: had this breakthrough was just enormously rewarding for him, right. Unfortunately,

454
00:24:37,560 --> 00:24:41,040
Speaker 2: as he was shopping this stuff around, this vulcanization process

455
00:24:41,119 --> 00:24:43,720
Speaker 2: or the vulcanized rubber, some of it fell into the

456
00:24:43,760 --> 00:24:47,199
Speaker 2: hands of Thomas Hancock and he reverse engineered it.

457
00:24:47,800 --> 00:24:50,800
Speaker 4: Yeah, and what he basically discovered was if you slow

458
00:24:50,840 --> 00:24:55,080
Speaker 4: cooked latex with sulfur, it could it could basically transform

459
00:24:55,160 --> 00:25:01,000
Speaker 4: rubber into a very durable material that it hardy under

460
00:25:01,080 --> 00:25:03,960
Speaker 4: all kinds of temperature ranges. It would always snap back yep,

461
00:25:05,280 --> 00:25:08,440
Speaker 4: well not always and forever, which we'll get to later too.

462
00:25:08,600 --> 00:25:13,200
Speaker 4: As you know, that waistband will sometimes leave you disappointed eventually,

463
00:25:14,040 --> 00:25:17,479
Speaker 4: that's why you end up buying new underwear. Well, one

464
00:25:17,520 --> 00:25:18,720
Speaker 4: of a couple of reasons you buy.

465
00:25:18,680 --> 00:25:22,119
Speaker 2: New underwear, We take it to the thrift store.

466
00:25:23,160 --> 00:25:27,400
Speaker 4: Yeah, exactly, But yeah, that is what vulcanization is. And

467
00:25:27,800 --> 00:25:31,880
Speaker 4: Hancock and Macintosh what they were doing. They didn't crack

468
00:25:31,920 --> 00:25:35,919
Speaker 4: that code first, but they they developed called something called

469
00:25:35,960 --> 00:25:39,800
Speaker 4: the masticator. Basically, they had been making elastic threads by

470
00:25:39,920 --> 00:25:43,320
Speaker 4: slicing it from rubber bottles and raw rubber, but there

471
00:25:43,320 --> 00:25:46,560
Speaker 4: was just so much waste. They developed this machine called

472
00:25:46,560 --> 00:25:49,920
Speaker 4: a masticator and it would basically chew up this rubber

473
00:25:49,960 --> 00:25:53,159
Speaker 4: and make it into meld it together and make it

474
00:25:53,160 --> 00:25:56,880
Speaker 4: into a big single sheet of material, which was really helpful. Yeah,

475
00:25:56,880 --> 00:25:59,520
Speaker 4: but they still had that temperature problem until a Goodyear

476
00:25:59,600 --> 00:25:59,920
Speaker 4: hit it.

477
00:26:00,280 --> 00:26:04,439
Speaker 2: Right, and again they reverse engineered Goodyear's process went and

478
00:26:04,480 --> 00:26:06,160
Speaker 2: filed a patent on vulcanization.

479
00:26:06,359 --> 00:26:09,080
Speaker 4: Yeah, they could rip him off, like yes, yes, wow.

480
00:26:08,920 --> 00:26:11,919
Speaker 2: Fully And apparently it was one of those ones like

481
00:26:11,960 --> 00:26:14,480
Speaker 2: the phone where Goodyear went to go file a patent

482
00:26:14,520 --> 00:26:17,120
Speaker 2: and found out that someone else had that Hancock had

483
00:26:17,160 --> 00:26:20,720
Speaker 2: just a few weeks earlier, so he took him to court.

484
00:26:21,480 --> 00:26:24,639
Speaker 2: In order to settle, Hancock offered good Year fifty percent

485
00:26:24,680 --> 00:26:28,560
Speaker 2: of the patent to drop the lawsuit, and Goodyear said no,

486
00:26:28,720 --> 00:26:32,119
Speaker 2: and he lost the case and he died broke. Oh man,

487
00:26:32,200 --> 00:26:36,280
Speaker 2: But he was able to He was able to generate

488
00:26:36,359 --> 00:26:40,320
Speaker 2: enough royalties so that his kids were able to live

489
00:26:40,359 --> 00:26:44,359
Speaker 2: the good life thanks to him. But he Yeah, he

490
00:26:44,400 --> 00:26:47,159
Speaker 2: got ripped off for sure. And one other thing about

491
00:26:47,240 --> 00:26:50,200
Speaker 2: the about Charles Goodyear, the Goodyear Rubber or Tyre and

492
00:26:50,320 --> 00:26:53,199
Speaker 2: Rubber Company, he had nothing to do with it. They

493
00:26:53,280 --> 00:26:55,960
Speaker 2: named it after him in honor of him. Oh wow, Yeah,

494
00:26:56,119 --> 00:26:57,240
Speaker 2: I thought that was pretty cool.

495
00:26:57,840 --> 00:27:00,000
Speaker 4: You don't watch the TV show Shark Tank, do you?

496
00:27:00,600 --> 00:27:01,159
Speaker 2: I do not.

497
00:27:01,880 --> 00:27:03,960
Speaker 4: I think I've asked you that before. I you know,

498
00:27:04,000 --> 00:27:06,480
Speaker 4: the whole concept, right, is these people pitch their businesses

499
00:27:06,480 --> 00:27:06,840
Speaker 4: to them.

500
00:27:07,080 --> 00:27:09,120
Speaker 2: Yeah, well, surrounded by sharks swimming.

501
00:27:09,240 --> 00:27:13,119
Speaker 4: Well that's it now, they pitch them to the sharks,

502
00:27:13,160 --> 00:27:15,160
Speaker 4: and they either investor they don't. Everyone kind of knows

503
00:27:15,200 --> 00:27:19,520
Speaker 4: the show, but you I guess. But uh, I'm always

504
00:27:19,520 --> 00:27:21,919
Speaker 4: at home just yelling at these people when you know,

505
00:27:21,920 --> 00:27:24,800
Speaker 4: they'll offer up like twenty percent of their company and

506
00:27:24,840 --> 00:27:28,520
Speaker 4: then they'll get offered an investment from a shark for

507
00:27:28,760 --> 00:27:30,879
Speaker 4: you know, and say, but they want like forty percent,

508
00:27:31,320 --> 00:27:33,720
Speaker 4: and some of these people like turn around and walk away, which,

509
00:27:34,119 --> 00:27:36,240
Speaker 4: on one hand, I kind of respect that they don't

510
00:27:36,240 --> 00:27:38,560
Speaker 4: want to give away that much of their company. M hm.

511
00:27:39,000 --> 00:27:41,560
Speaker 4: But like I'm always just thinking, wouldn't you rather own

512
00:27:42,000 --> 00:27:46,200
Speaker 4: sixty percent of a twenty million dollar company than eighty

513
00:27:46,240 --> 00:27:48,240
Speaker 4: percent of a three million dollar company?

514
00:27:48,640 --> 00:27:49,400
Speaker 2: Yeah?

515
00:27:49,440 --> 00:27:51,320
Speaker 4: Like sometimes I think pride gets in the way with

516
00:27:51,359 --> 00:27:55,040
Speaker 4: these people. Sure, yeah, and they don't think about just

517
00:27:55,119 --> 00:27:57,200
Speaker 4: how big these people can make their company.

518
00:27:57,480 --> 00:27:58,000
Speaker 2: Yeah.

519
00:27:58,040 --> 00:27:58,560
Speaker 4: I don't know.

520
00:27:59,160 --> 00:28:02,920
Speaker 2: Who's that company though, that that turned down a billion

521
00:28:02,960 --> 00:28:07,720
Speaker 2: dollars from either Google or Facebook and just kept at

522
00:28:07,760 --> 00:28:11,760
Speaker 2: it And now it's MySpace. No, I can't. It's one

523
00:28:11,760 --> 00:28:14,080
Speaker 2: of the big social media brands that you know of

524
00:28:15,400 --> 00:28:18,560
Speaker 2: that that now is just worth gobs more money than

525
00:28:18,600 --> 00:28:20,080
Speaker 2: oh really yeah.

526
00:28:19,760 --> 00:28:22,800
Speaker 4: Yeah, I mean, you know, there's no recipe, like, sometimes

527
00:28:22,840 --> 00:28:25,200
Speaker 4: it is better to hold on to more of your

528
00:28:25,240 --> 00:28:27,360
Speaker 4: own company because if it gets big, then you own

529
00:28:27,400 --> 00:28:28,080
Speaker 4: that much more of it.

530
00:28:28,119 --> 00:28:28,920
Speaker 2: But that's right.

531
00:28:29,080 --> 00:28:31,879
Speaker 4: I'm always kind of like, man, take the money now.

532
00:28:32,000 --> 00:28:35,320
Speaker 2: And run, as Steve Miller suggested. Is you just Steve

533
00:28:35,320 --> 00:28:36,560
Speaker 2: Miller's a scientologist?

534
00:28:37,160 --> 00:28:37,680
Speaker 4: Is he really?

535
00:28:37,880 --> 00:28:39,040
Speaker 2: Yeah? Boy?

536
00:28:39,080 --> 00:28:40,280
Speaker 4: He went off on the Rock and Roll Hall of

537
00:28:40,320 --> 00:28:40,880
Speaker 4: Fame this year.

538
00:28:41,560 --> 00:28:44,000
Speaker 2: Why did they not vote for nominating him?

539
00:28:44,080 --> 00:28:47,680
Speaker 4: No? No, no, he got inducted and like basically trash

540
00:28:47,800 --> 00:28:51,640
Speaker 4: them on his way in and out the door. Why oh,

541
00:28:51,680 --> 00:28:53,160
Speaker 4: you'll just have to read it. It's kind of too long

542
00:28:53,200 --> 00:28:55,560
Speaker 4: to get into. But they were none too happy. I

543
00:28:55,600 --> 00:28:59,040
Speaker 4: think he came across as just a really crabby old guy.

544
00:28:59,280 --> 00:29:01,120
Speaker 2: Oh he didn't have like a point or anything.

545
00:29:01,320 --> 00:29:05,480
Speaker 4: No, he had points, but yeah, you'll just have to

546
00:29:05,560 --> 00:29:08,080
Speaker 4: check it out. I will. We're already getting sidetracked here.

547
00:29:08,560 --> 00:29:13,640
Speaker 2: Oh we've been sidetracked baby. So when regardless of who

548
00:29:13,640 --> 00:29:15,520
Speaker 2: came up with it, even though it was Charles Goodyear,

549
00:29:15,880 --> 00:29:18,920
Speaker 2: once vulcanization was introduced to the world, all of a sudden,

550
00:29:19,440 --> 00:29:21,920
Speaker 2: all of these dreams of what you could do with

551
00:29:22,040 --> 00:29:26,880
Speaker 2: a flexible, durable material that can withstand tremendous pressure and

552
00:29:26,960 --> 00:29:32,640
Speaker 2: force and heat and cold too, which was a big one.

553
00:29:33,240 --> 00:29:35,240
Speaker 2: All of a sudden, the whole world just opened up.

554
00:29:35,440 --> 00:29:39,760
Speaker 2: And what was interesting, Chuck, was because it also dovetailed

555
00:29:39,800 --> 00:29:44,800
Speaker 2: with the Industrial Revolution, Brazil, which was the rubber tree

556
00:29:44,880 --> 00:29:48,000
Speaker 2: capital at the time, went from just being like this

557
00:29:48,400 --> 00:29:52,080
Speaker 2: kind of old world colony to basically being one of

558
00:29:52,120 --> 00:29:55,239
Speaker 2: the most important countries on the planet. And it all

559
00:29:55,400 --> 00:29:57,120
Speaker 2: like virtually within a year or so.

560
00:29:57,600 --> 00:30:01,280
Speaker 4: Yeah, And that was true, jeez for a long time

561
00:30:01,360 --> 00:30:04,920
Speaker 4: until about the mid to late about eighteen seventy six,

562
00:30:05,000 --> 00:30:09,360
Speaker 4: when these British businessmen said, I'm gonna sneak these rubber

563
00:30:09,400 --> 00:30:13,520
Speaker 4: tree seeds out, take them back to England, and we're

564
00:30:13,520 --> 00:30:15,400
Speaker 4: going to see if these things grow in Southeast Asia,

565
00:30:15,880 --> 00:30:17,560
Speaker 4: where we have a lot of British colonies. And it

566
00:30:17,600 --> 00:30:20,880
Speaker 4: turns out it did, and just about thirty five years later,

567
00:30:20,960 --> 00:30:24,720
Speaker 4: the center of the global rubber market shifted to Malaysia,

568
00:30:24,760 --> 00:30:28,720
Speaker 4: Singapore and Sri Lanka. As British are thieves in this one,

569
00:30:28,840 --> 00:30:31,920
Speaker 4: so they kind of like totally ripped that off. Yeah,

570
00:30:31,960 --> 00:30:36,040
Speaker 4: and Southeast Asia was the dominating rubber capital of the world.

571
00:30:35,880 --> 00:30:39,360
Speaker 2: Which was way better for the Brits and the Americans

572
00:30:39,400 --> 00:30:43,240
Speaker 2: because we're friends with the Brits, because that meant that

573
00:30:43,400 --> 00:30:47,520
Speaker 2: these were British colonies, which meant that the access to

574
00:30:47,560 --> 00:30:51,360
Speaker 2: this rubber was basically unfettered. Yeah, there were no trade deals.

575
00:30:51,360 --> 00:30:53,640
Speaker 2: You didn't have to whine and dine a prince or

576
00:30:53,640 --> 00:30:55,640
Speaker 2: a king or anything like that. You could just be like,

577
00:30:55,880 --> 00:30:59,280
Speaker 2: we need more rubber please, yeah, which is I think

578
00:30:59,320 --> 00:31:04,320
Speaker 2: how they would order probably. So, so everything's going hunky

579
00:31:04,360 --> 00:31:06,480
Speaker 2: dory at least as far as the British and Americans

580
00:31:06,480 --> 00:31:10,600
Speaker 2: are concerned. The rubber supplies being fulfilled thanks to Malaysia, Singapore,

581
00:31:10,640 --> 00:31:16,080
Speaker 2: Sri Lanka. And it came at no too soon a

582
00:31:16,200 --> 00:31:22,240
Speaker 2: time too, because the automobile was introduced around this time,

583
00:31:22,440 --> 00:31:25,520
Speaker 2: the mass produced automobile, we should say, and those needed

584
00:31:25,560 --> 00:31:27,880
Speaker 2: four good tires made of rubber.

585
00:31:28,280 --> 00:31:31,800
Speaker 4: Yeah. And then World War Two really really increased the

586
00:31:31,840 --> 00:31:35,520
Speaker 4: need for rubber. I think here it says that in total,

587
00:31:36,280 --> 00:31:39,000
Speaker 4: the Pentagon said that they needed thirty two pounds of

588
00:31:39,080 --> 00:31:43,760
Speaker 4: rubber for every single ground troop in one way or another. Right,

589
00:31:44,200 --> 00:31:45,000
Speaker 4: That's amazing.

590
00:31:45,680 --> 00:31:47,400
Speaker 2: Yeah, And that's why it was such a big deal

591
00:31:47,480 --> 00:31:52,600
Speaker 2: that the Japanese invaded the Pacific because the Pacific theater

592
00:31:52,840 --> 00:31:55,960
Speaker 2: featured those countries that were the rubber producing capital of

593
00:31:56,000 --> 00:32:01,120
Speaker 2: the world that had been under British control, and now

594
00:32:01,120 --> 00:32:03,160
Speaker 2: all of a sudden, no rubber supply was either cut

595
00:32:03,200 --> 00:32:08,920
Speaker 2: off or in danger. So the United States, led by FDR, said, Hey,

596
00:32:09,480 --> 00:32:12,200
Speaker 2: four biggest rubber companies, we're gonna get together and we

597
00:32:12,240 --> 00:32:14,680
Speaker 2: need to come up with a synthetic rubber too sweet,

598
00:32:15,000 --> 00:32:16,760
Speaker 2: So let's get on it. We're all gonna split the

599
00:32:16,800 --> 00:32:20,480
Speaker 2: patent evenly, and let's get to work. And in eighteen

600
00:32:20,560 --> 00:32:22,600
Speaker 2: months they had come up with a synthetic rubber.

601
00:32:22,800 --> 00:32:26,600
Speaker 4: Amazing yep. And we'll get to synthetics a bit more

602
00:32:26,600 --> 00:32:29,200
Speaker 4: in a minute. But jumping back to the mid eighteen hundreds,

603
00:32:29,480 --> 00:32:32,480
Speaker 4: the story of the rubber band is pretty interesting. These

604
00:32:32,480 --> 00:32:39,960
Speaker 4: two chaps, Stephen Perry and Thomas Barnabas Daft great name TBD,

605
00:32:40,400 --> 00:32:44,760
Speaker 4: actually invented the rubber band, the modern what we know

606
00:32:44,880 --> 00:32:47,840
Speaker 4: is the rubber band because they started slicing these They

607
00:32:47,880 --> 00:32:50,320
Speaker 4: had a rubber tube and started slicing these narrow rings

608
00:32:50,640 --> 00:32:52,720
Speaker 4: from a vulcanized rubber tube and they were like, here

609
00:32:52,720 --> 00:32:54,680
Speaker 4: you go. It's called a rubber band. You can put

610
00:32:54,720 --> 00:32:59,080
Speaker 4: it around your asparagus. Yeah, and everyone was super psyched.

611
00:33:00,080 --> 00:33:03,120
Speaker 2: Except people who hate us fergus. That was a good one, man. Uh.

612
00:33:03,520 --> 00:33:06,440
Speaker 4: And today they still kind of do it in the

613
00:33:06,480 --> 00:33:10,640
Speaker 4: same way. Rubber band wise, they create this. They mix

614
00:33:10,720 --> 00:33:14,040
Speaker 4: us latex together with all these chemicals. It depends on,

615
00:33:14,120 --> 00:33:16,440
Speaker 4: you know, what kind of rubber band you're making. And

616
00:33:16,480 --> 00:33:20,719
Speaker 4: they get this raw rubber compound into a long hollow tube,

617
00:33:21,240 --> 00:33:24,080
Speaker 4: slip it over a round pipe called the mandrel, expose

618
00:33:24,120 --> 00:33:26,800
Speaker 4: that to high heat and pressure to vulcanize it. It

619
00:33:26,880 --> 00:33:31,040
Speaker 4: cures it, and then they slice that up into rubber bands. Yep,

620
00:33:31,800 --> 00:33:32,400
Speaker 4: pretty neat.

621
00:33:32,920 --> 00:33:36,200
Speaker 2: It is pretty neat. You want to take a break

622
00:33:36,240 --> 00:33:39,680
Speaker 2: and then talk some more about how it's made.

623
00:33:41,120 --> 00:34:11,040
Speaker 4: Yeah, right after this, all right, So we've been talking

624
00:34:11,080 --> 00:34:16,440
Speaker 4: about rubber in its most natural form and how they

625
00:34:16,480 --> 00:34:22,040
Speaker 4: transformed that into usable rubbers. Pretty remarkable. But immediately after

626
00:34:22,080 --> 00:34:24,120
Speaker 4: World War Two, like we were talking about, this creation

627
00:34:24,200 --> 00:34:29,640
Speaker 4: of synthetic rubber was probably the second biggest invention of

628
00:34:29,680 --> 00:34:32,600
Speaker 4: all time. Well maybe not of all time, it's up

629
00:34:32,600 --> 00:34:34,759
Speaker 4: there though, Yeah, but when it comes to stretchy things

630
00:34:34,800 --> 00:34:35,160
Speaker 4: for sure.

631
00:34:35,520 --> 00:34:40,360
Speaker 2: Yeah. And apparently the World War two research and development

632
00:34:40,600 --> 00:34:45,759
Speaker 2: produced not just one, but three different types of easily

633
00:34:45,840 --> 00:34:47,800
Speaker 2: manufactured synthetic rubbers.

634
00:34:47,920 --> 00:34:48,160
Speaker 4: Yeah.

635
00:34:48,560 --> 00:34:51,920
Speaker 2: One was a beteddyinge rubber. Another was a styrene butted

636
00:34:51,960 --> 00:34:54,840
Speaker 2: diyinge rubber, and that was the one that the government

637
00:34:55,160 --> 00:34:58,000
Speaker 2: went with for World War two, and it was actually

638
00:34:58,080 --> 00:35:01,320
Speaker 2: ripped off from a German from the Germans, which they'd

639
00:35:01,320 --> 00:35:04,520
Speaker 2: come up with something similar previously. And then there's an

640
00:35:04,600 --> 00:35:09,000
Speaker 2: ethylene propylene monomer, and all three of those make up

641
00:35:09,320 --> 00:35:11,560
Speaker 2: most of today's synthetic rubbers.

642
00:35:11,880 --> 00:35:14,880
Speaker 4: Yeah, and they found that this stuff worked really really well,

643
00:35:14,960 --> 00:35:18,360
Speaker 4: just as good as natural rubber had all that flex resistance,

644
00:35:19,760 --> 00:35:24,440
Speaker 4: it didn't deteriorate eventually it would again I keep teasing

645
00:35:24,480 --> 00:35:26,000
Speaker 4: like we're going to get to that, which we will.

646
00:35:26,719 --> 00:35:30,759
Speaker 4: But they found it was really well suited to replace rubber.

647
00:35:30,800 --> 00:35:34,480
Speaker 2: Well in most applications like an industrial application like a

648
00:35:34,520 --> 00:35:36,960
Speaker 2: tire or a fan bell or something like that. But

649
00:35:37,440 --> 00:35:42,440
Speaker 2: it didn't have that resilience that natural rubber has, so

650
00:35:42,480 --> 00:35:44,400
Speaker 2: there was an issue still, there was a kink that

651
00:35:44,480 --> 00:35:45,520
Speaker 2: needed to be worked out.

652
00:35:45,600 --> 00:35:47,759
Speaker 4: Well. Yeah, as far as using it in textiles for.

653
00:35:47,840 --> 00:35:51,440
Speaker 2: Sure, exactly. And they actually overcame it in nineteen fifty

654
00:35:51,520 --> 00:35:55,239
Speaker 2: nine by day, I mean DuPont Corporation, who employed two

655
00:35:55,320 --> 00:35:58,640
Speaker 2: chemists that got to work trying to crack this code,

656
00:35:59,000 --> 00:36:03,520
Speaker 2: the final code of synthetic rubber, how to make it

657
00:36:03,640 --> 00:36:08,239
Speaker 2: flexible and resilient. Right, that's right. And they started by

658
00:36:08,320 --> 00:36:15,040
Speaker 2: using a polymer, a polyurethane. Right. So well, we'll talk

659
00:36:15,040 --> 00:36:18,239
Speaker 2: about polymers in a little bit, but basically, they took

660
00:36:18,239 --> 00:36:22,440
Speaker 2: a polymer, a eurethane based polymer, and watered it down

661
00:36:22,760 --> 00:36:25,760
Speaker 2: and forced it through a plate with tiny little holes

662
00:36:25,760 --> 00:36:28,239
Speaker 2: in it. And what came on the outside were these

663
00:36:28,280 --> 00:36:29,320
Speaker 2: tiny little threads.

664
00:36:29,520 --> 00:36:29,759
Speaker 4: Yep.

665
00:36:29,800 --> 00:36:34,120
Speaker 2: And those tiny little threads were a magical creation known

666
00:36:34,160 --> 00:36:37,720
Speaker 2: as Spandex, the trade name of which originally is Lycra.

667
00:36:38,280 --> 00:36:41,080
Speaker 4: Yeah, it's amazing. And Spandex, they found, had a lot

668
00:36:41,120 --> 00:36:44,880
Speaker 4: of great applications. Namely, it could accept dyes, so it

669
00:36:44,920 --> 00:36:48,520
Speaker 4: wasn't just this sort of dull white color. You could

670
00:36:48,520 --> 00:36:51,319
Speaker 4: make it any color you wanted to, and you could

671
00:36:51,360 --> 00:36:53,239
Speaker 4: wash it. It didn't absorb a lot of moisture, and it

672
00:36:53,320 --> 00:36:56,640
Speaker 4: remained really stable when it was washed and dried, you know,

673
00:36:56,719 --> 00:37:01,120
Speaker 4: kind of normal moderate temperatures. So hey, you can make this,

674
00:37:01,400 --> 00:37:03,839
Speaker 4: weave it into clothing, throw it in the washer, diet

675
00:37:03,920 --> 00:37:06,799
Speaker 4: whatever color you want, and you're good to go.

676
00:37:07,120 --> 00:37:11,239
Speaker 2: And most importantly, chuck, it would snap back, it would

677
00:37:11,280 --> 00:37:15,080
Speaker 2: retain its original shape. That's right after being stretched. So, yes,

678
00:37:15,120 --> 00:37:18,120
Speaker 2: Spandex changed everything. I didn't realize it was from the

679
00:37:18,160 --> 00:37:22,960
Speaker 2: fifties Italy. Yeah, and William Harris makes a pretty good point.

680
00:37:23,000 --> 00:37:26,040
Speaker 2: He says that Spandex might be considered the modern elastic.

681
00:37:26,920 --> 00:37:30,760
Speaker 2: Like it is, it's basically the base of anything stretchy

682
00:37:30,800 --> 00:37:31,760
Speaker 2: that you use today.

683
00:37:32,080 --> 00:37:33,600
Speaker 4: Yeah, and it said here, we said it's in all

684
00:37:33,640 --> 00:37:35,720
Speaker 4: kinds of stuff. They said, it's in about eighty percent

685
00:37:36,200 --> 00:37:39,279
Speaker 4: of all clothing bought by Americans. So even if you

686
00:37:39,320 --> 00:37:41,800
Speaker 4: don't think Spandex is in something, it may have a

687
00:37:41,800 --> 00:37:42,839
Speaker 4: little Spandex in there.

688
00:37:43,120 --> 00:37:45,920
Speaker 2: It's in eighty percent of all clothing bought by Americans.

689
00:37:46,000 --> 00:37:49,480
Speaker 2: One hundred percent of all Spandex pants bought by Americans.

690
00:37:51,280 --> 00:37:52,879
Speaker 2: Think about that stat for a little while.

691
00:37:52,960 --> 00:37:53,800
Speaker 4: Yeah, that's amazing.

692
00:37:54,160 --> 00:37:57,920
Speaker 2: Yeah, including jaggings, he points out, he calls them pajama jeans,

693
00:37:57,960 --> 00:37:59,600
Speaker 2: but I've always called them jaggings.

694
00:38:00,400 --> 00:38:01,960
Speaker 4: Oh is that the same thing?

695
00:38:02,400 --> 00:38:02,880
Speaker 2: I believe?

696
00:38:02,880 --> 00:38:08,560
Speaker 4: So yeah, interesting, we can hope. So Emily, when we

697
00:38:08,560 --> 00:38:10,400
Speaker 4: put them on her daughter, she calls him jazzy pants.

698
00:38:11,120 --> 00:38:12,319
Speaker 2: Oh yeah, that's a good one too.

699
00:38:12,400 --> 00:38:14,640
Speaker 4: But that's usually I think, usually due to the pattern

700
00:38:14,760 --> 00:38:16,399
Speaker 4: more than the snap back.

701
00:38:16,880 --> 00:38:17,280
Speaker 2: Gotcha.

702
00:38:17,760 --> 00:38:18,440
Speaker 4: Yeah.

703
00:38:18,840 --> 00:38:22,319
Speaker 2: So we can sit here and procrastinate for several more

704
00:38:22,360 --> 00:38:25,520
Speaker 2: minutes if you want, but ultimately we're gonna end up

705
00:38:25,520 --> 00:38:27,680
Speaker 2: on the chemistry part, you realize.

706
00:38:27,520 --> 00:38:35,200
Speaker 4: Yes, And because I don't understand chemistry at all, take

707
00:38:35,239 --> 00:38:37,200
Speaker 4: it away.

708
00:38:37,840 --> 00:38:39,240
Speaker 2: We'll get you for this, chuck.

709
00:38:39,400 --> 00:38:40,759
Speaker 4: I'll throw in some words here and there.

710
00:38:41,080 --> 00:38:43,759
Speaker 2: So I don't really know chemistry either, but I know

711
00:38:43,840 --> 00:38:46,560
Speaker 2: both of us crammed on this. Yeah, so forgive us,

712
00:38:46,760 --> 00:38:49,120
Speaker 2: all you chemists out there. If we get something wrong,

713
00:38:49,239 --> 00:38:53,400
Speaker 2: let us know. But from what we understand, it's magic. Yeah.

714
00:38:53,440 --> 00:38:57,760
Speaker 2: There you go the end. So, rubber, whether it's natural

715
00:38:57,880 --> 00:39:01,719
Speaker 2: or synthetic, is a polymer, yes, right, And it's a

716
00:39:01,760 --> 00:39:06,200
Speaker 2: specific kind of polymer called an elastomer. It's an elastic polymer.

717
00:39:06,239 --> 00:39:10,359
Speaker 2: It has stretchiness and resilience, it's flexible, And any kind

718
00:39:10,400 --> 00:39:14,000
Speaker 2: of polymer is basically if you look at the molecular

719
00:39:14,000 --> 00:39:17,240
Speaker 2: structure of it, it's made up of these long repeating

720
00:39:17,320 --> 00:39:20,040
Speaker 2: chains of the same unit over and over again, and

721
00:39:20,120 --> 00:39:22,440
Speaker 2: the units are called monomers, and depending on what the

722
00:39:22,520 --> 00:39:28,120
Speaker 2: monomer is, that leads to different kinds of polymers. And

723
00:39:28,160 --> 00:39:32,600
Speaker 2: with elastomers in particular. If you look at some polymers,

724
00:39:32,920 --> 00:39:36,439
Speaker 2: the structure is bulky and big and compact, and it's

725
00:39:36,560 --> 00:39:40,600
Speaker 2: rigid and heavy and not flexible at all. Still, other

726
00:39:40,719 --> 00:39:42,920
Speaker 2: kind of polymers, say like a plastic or a resin,

727
00:39:43,360 --> 00:39:47,320
Speaker 2: are crystalline and structure and they fit so well together.

728
00:39:47,440 --> 00:39:51,319
Speaker 2: They're also rigid and not very flexible either. Then you

729
00:39:51,400 --> 00:39:54,400
Speaker 2: have elastomers, which are a kind of polymer, and because

730
00:39:54,400 --> 00:40:01,000
Speaker 2: of their molecular structure, they are super flexible and they

731
00:40:01,040 --> 00:40:02,120
Speaker 2: snap back into place.

732
00:40:02,800 --> 00:40:05,680
Speaker 4: Yeah, and normally they're I mean they liken it to

733
00:40:05,719 --> 00:40:09,600
Speaker 4: this article like a coiled like a big mass of snakes. Yeah,

734
00:40:09,760 --> 00:40:12,400
Speaker 4: but they have this really neat quality, these elastomers. When

735
00:40:12,440 --> 00:40:15,640
Speaker 4: you apply force to it, the molecules actually straightened out

736
00:40:15,680 --> 00:40:18,439
Speaker 4: in the direction that you're pulling it, and that's sort

737
00:40:18,440 --> 00:40:20,319
Speaker 4: of the snapback you're talking about. But as soon as

738
00:40:20,320 --> 00:40:23,160
Speaker 4: you release it, it goes back to that coiled up arrangement.

739
00:40:23,560 --> 00:40:26,200
Speaker 2: Right when you pull it, when you apply force, they

740
00:40:26,239 --> 00:40:29,120
Speaker 2: line up basically like those snakes head to tail in

741
00:40:29,200 --> 00:40:30,480
Speaker 2: one single long line.

742
00:40:30,560 --> 00:40:31,600
Speaker 4: It's a scary snake.

743
00:40:31,840 --> 00:40:34,239
Speaker 2: Yeah. And then when you release it, it goes back

744
00:40:34,239 --> 00:40:37,880
Speaker 2: into its original form of that coiled mass, right, perfect, Okay.

745
00:40:38,400 --> 00:40:40,760
Speaker 2: One of the reasons why any kind of rubber, natural

746
00:40:40,840 --> 00:40:45,120
Speaker 2: or synthetic, is flexible a flexible polymer is because it's

747
00:40:45,640 --> 00:40:49,640
Speaker 2: glass transition temperature is actually pretty low.

748
00:40:49,840 --> 00:40:52,000
Speaker 4: Yeah, this is where i'd kind of just got foggy.

749
00:40:52,480 --> 00:40:55,040
Speaker 2: So this is it's as simple as this, chuck a

750
00:40:55,080 --> 00:40:58,080
Speaker 2: glass transition temperature. It's not a melting point. A melting

751
00:40:58,080 --> 00:41:01,480
Speaker 2: point is where the substance actually basically just turns into

752
00:41:01,680 --> 00:41:05,520
Speaker 2: a liquid state, a disordered liquid state. The glass transition

753
00:41:05,640 --> 00:41:13,520
Speaker 2: temperature doesn't affect the molecular makeup of the substance. Instead,

754
00:41:13,680 --> 00:41:19,239
Speaker 2: it basically applies this property, the flexibility or rigidity. It's

755
00:41:19,239 --> 00:41:22,120
Speaker 2: as simple as that, right, And so anything that has

756
00:41:22,400 --> 00:41:27,160
Speaker 2: a low glass transition temperature relative to what we have

757
00:41:27,400 --> 00:41:31,200
Speaker 2: is normal temperatures outside in the world or in our

758
00:41:31,280 --> 00:41:34,040
Speaker 2: homes or whatever, is going to be flexible and floppy.

759
00:41:34,719 --> 00:41:39,759
Speaker 2: Anything with a high glass transition transition temperature is going

760
00:41:39,800 --> 00:41:44,919
Speaker 2: to be rigid and hard and not flexible. So it's

761
00:41:45,200 --> 00:41:48,320
Speaker 2: just suffice to say anything rubber, whether it's natural or synthetic,

762
00:41:48,520 --> 00:41:51,919
Speaker 2: has a low glass transition temperature, so it's flexible under

763
00:41:51,960 --> 00:41:57,720
Speaker 2: normal temperatures. But even if you took a piece of rubber,

764
00:41:58,000 --> 00:42:02,520
Speaker 2: natural rubber, and you applied you apply the temperature of

765
00:42:02,560 --> 00:42:05,880
Speaker 2: negative seventy degrees celsius or negative ninety four degrees fairy height,

766
00:42:06,080 --> 00:42:10,560
Speaker 2: it would crystallize. It's below the glass transition temperature, so

767
00:42:10,640 --> 00:42:13,320
Speaker 2: it would just basically turn rigid and crystallize and ultimately

768
00:42:13,360 --> 00:42:16,000
Speaker 2: would break apart. And that was part of the problem

769
00:42:16,239 --> 00:42:20,440
Speaker 2: with those early pre vulcanized rubbers. They would fall apart

770
00:42:20,480 --> 00:42:24,560
Speaker 2: because the glass transition temperature is not like an exact

771
00:42:24,719 --> 00:42:29,040
Speaker 2: moment where the where the thing converts from flexible to rigid.

772
00:42:29,680 --> 00:42:34,360
Speaker 2: It's the median of a large thermal window where it

773
00:42:34,520 --> 00:42:39,680
Speaker 2: starts to get crystalline and rigid and then is completely

774
00:42:39,719 --> 00:42:42,280
Speaker 2: crystalline and rigid on the other end. So of course

775
00:42:42,360 --> 00:42:43,880
Speaker 2: you would think, you know, if you get down to

776
00:42:43,920 --> 00:42:47,839
Speaker 2: say twenty degrees like it would in Boston or New

777
00:42:47,880 --> 00:42:49,960
Speaker 2: York in the nineteenth century, and you're walking around with

778
00:42:50,040 --> 00:42:53,080
Speaker 2: rubber soled shoes, they're going to crystallize and break off, right,

779
00:42:53,840 --> 00:42:55,360
Speaker 2: That's what's going on, and all has to do with

780
00:42:55,400 --> 00:42:56,759
Speaker 2: the glass transition temperature.

781
00:42:56,920 --> 00:43:00,880
Speaker 4: Okay, So during vulcanization, they heat that up with sulfur

782
00:43:01,600 --> 00:43:05,120
Speaker 4: and that makes those polymer chains linked together with sulfur atoms.

783
00:43:05,120 --> 00:43:07,440
Speaker 4: I guess that's like almost like a glue.

784
00:43:08,640 --> 00:43:11,040
Speaker 2: Yeah, Like it's like a molecular glue from what I understand.

785
00:43:11,120 --> 00:43:12,880
Speaker 4: Yeah, okay, it makes a lot of sense.

786
00:43:13,000 --> 00:43:17,839
Speaker 2: Yeah, so even when you apply intense heat or extreme cold,

787
00:43:18,000 --> 00:43:21,600
Speaker 2: it will maintain its molecular shape. Yeah.

788
00:43:21,640 --> 00:43:24,319
Speaker 4: But here's the thing I've been talking about why your

789
00:43:24,320 --> 00:43:26,719
Speaker 4: elastic band doesn't last forever and why your socks will

790
00:43:26,760 --> 00:43:30,919
Speaker 4: eventually be around your ankles. This elastic Eventually you will

791
00:43:30,960 --> 00:43:36,200
Speaker 4: lose that snapback due to ox oxidization. Oxidization oxidation, I

792
00:43:36,280 --> 00:43:43,200
Speaker 4: like oxidization natural rubber. This oxygen and in particular ozone

793
00:43:43,280 --> 00:43:46,680
Speaker 4: is going to start breaking those bonds within just days.

794
00:43:46,760 --> 00:43:49,479
Speaker 4: So it happens pretty quickly, and that's why we heat

795
00:43:49,520 --> 00:43:53,160
Speaker 4: and treat rubber like we do. But even still over

796
00:43:53,239 --> 00:43:58,440
Speaker 4: time that ozone and combine that with light UV radiation,

797
00:43:59,040 --> 00:44:01,239
Speaker 4: it's another culprit that's what's going to cause that to

798
00:44:01,320 --> 00:44:02,719
Speaker 4: eventually break down over time.

799
00:44:02,880 --> 00:44:06,240
Speaker 2: That would make sense because with vulcanization, what you're doing

800
00:44:06,320 --> 00:44:12,200
Speaker 2: is adding sulfur to the polymer, right, Yeah, and if

801
00:44:12,800 --> 00:44:16,439
Speaker 2: it would, it would make sense then that either UV

802
00:44:16,640 --> 00:44:19,200
Speaker 2: radiation or something else could break those bonds between the

803
00:44:19,239 --> 00:44:22,880
Speaker 2: sulfur and the other the other ingredients, and then they

804
00:44:22,920 --> 00:44:26,520
Speaker 2: would be replaced by oxygen, so oxidation would take place, right.

805
00:44:26,600 --> 00:44:29,200
Speaker 4: Yeah, so it's pretty much ozone UV radiation and then

806
00:44:29,280 --> 00:44:32,200
Speaker 4: cold actually does make a difference. It's not gonna hold

807
00:44:32,280 --> 00:44:34,640
Speaker 4: up quite as well on cold weather. Like if you

808
00:44:34,680 --> 00:44:37,480
Speaker 4: take if you take a pair of underwear out and

809
00:44:37,600 --> 00:44:42,360
Speaker 4: like you know, negative twenty degrees in Minnesota and you

810
00:44:42,400 --> 00:44:45,680
Speaker 4: start really stretching it out a lot, it's gonna it's

811
00:44:45,680 --> 00:44:47,480
Speaker 4: gonna lose its elasticity really fast.

812
00:44:47,560 --> 00:44:50,640
Speaker 2: Oh yeah, anybody from Minnesota can tell you that.

813
00:44:50,800 --> 00:44:54,080
Speaker 4: Yeah. I mean, who know, they may have to buy

814
00:44:54,120 --> 00:44:56,880
Speaker 4: more underwear than like Hawaii. I have no idea.

815
00:44:57,080 --> 00:44:58,560
Speaker 2: They all wear Union suits up there.

816
00:44:58,640 --> 00:44:59,200
Speaker 4: Now, that's true.

817
00:45:00,320 --> 00:45:03,200
Speaker 2: So do you want to finish with Pat Benatar?

818
00:45:04,239 --> 00:45:05,680
Speaker 4: Oh? Man, let's bring her out.

819
00:45:06,000 --> 00:45:10,120
Speaker 2: Okay, he's gonna do an acoustic set.

820
00:45:10,760 --> 00:45:11,759
Speaker 4: Man, how great would that be.

821
00:45:12,360 --> 00:45:15,959
Speaker 2: So we did a little digging and we were trying

822
00:45:16,000 --> 00:45:21,560
Speaker 2: to figure out who basically started the eighties spandex rocker trend.

823
00:45:22,520 --> 00:45:24,040
Speaker 2: Ye spandex trend.

824
00:45:24,120 --> 00:45:25,880
Speaker 4: She was the first thing that came to my mind.

825
00:45:26,239 --> 00:45:29,480
Speaker 4: Oh really, Yeah, I just didn't know exactly how I

826
00:45:29,920 --> 00:45:30,520
Speaker 4: would have guessed.

827
00:45:30,560 --> 00:45:33,080
Speaker 2: It went back beyond Pat Benatar, And then I found

828
00:45:33,080 --> 00:45:35,399
Speaker 2: out that Pat Benatar has been a musician for much

829
00:45:35,440 --> 00:45:40,440
Speaker 2: longer than I realized. But apparently the whole thing happened

830
00:45:40,600 --> 00:45:44,239
Speaker 2: on Halloween of nineteen seventy seven. Awesome, And by this

831
00:45:44,320 --> 00:45:47,080
Speaker 2: time Pat Benatar was already like a pretty regular fixture

832
00:45:47,160 --> 00:45:50,000
Speaker 2: on the New York City club circuit. And so she

833
00:45:50,160 --> 00:45:54,200
Speaker 2: dressed up as a character from Catwomen of the Moon.

834
00:45:54,480 --> 00:45:56,879
Speaker 2: Have you seen that movie? H No, I haven't either,

835
00:45:56,920 --> 00:45:59,319
Speaker 2: but apparently cat Women on the Moon is a cult

836
00:45:59,320 --> 00:46:02,440
Speaker 2: classic sci fi movie, Okay, and I guess they wear

837
00:46:02,480 --> 00:46:04,680
Speaker 2: a lot of spandex. So she dressed up in some

838
00:46:04,760 --> 00:46:08,080
Speaker 2: a spandex get up and decided to play a show

839
00:46:08,160 --> 00:46:10,840
Speaker 2: that night at Catch a Rising Star, which is basically

840
00:46:10,880 --> 00:46:14,239
Speaker 2: her house club. You're in there? No, I haven't either.

841
00:46:14,360 --> 00:46:16,920
Speaker 4: Is it still around? I don't know, is it?

842
00:46:17,040 --> 00:46:19,240
Speaker 2: I think I know of it from like Comedy Central

843
00:46:19,280 --> 00:46:20,400
Speaker 2: in the nineties.

844
00:46:20,560 --> 00:46:23,120
Speaker 4: Yeah, I think that was the name of a show.

845
00:46:23,600 --> 00:46:25,160
Speaker 2: But I think it was from that club.

846
00:46:25,200 --> 00:46:26,080
Speaker 4: Oh was it filmed there?

847
00:46:26,200 --> 00:46:29,080
Speaker 2: Yeah? I think so. I could be wrong, but anyway,

848
00:46:28,920 --> 00:46:31,320
Speaker 2: she was used to playing shows there, but she played

849
00:46:31,360 --> 00:46:34,000
Speaker 2: the show in this get up, the spandex get up,

850
00:46:34,000 --> 00:46:36,040
Speaker 2: and noticed that the crowd was like into it a

851
00:46:36,040 --> 00:46:36,960
Speaker 2: lot more than usual.

852
00:46:38,239 --> 00:46:40,400
Speaker 4: Then they said wowie, wow, what's she wearing?

853
00:46:41,080 --> 00:46:44,680
Speaker 2: Pretty much, it was about as simple as that. She

854
00:46:44,680 --> 00:46:46,719
Speaker 2: she was like, Okay, let me try this. I want

855
00:46:46,760 --> 00:46:50,239
Speaker 2: to do a little experiment and I'm going to do

856
00:46:50,280 --> 00:46:52,399
Speaker 2: this again, but not on Halloween. I'm going to dress

857
00:46:52,480 --> 00:46:55,800
Speaker 2: up again and do the same show. And she didn't

858
00:46:55,840 --> 00:46:58,640
Speaker 2: got another response like way better than usual response. So

859
00:46:58,760 --> 00:47:00,880
Speaker 2: she's like, that's it. I'm doing Bandix from now on.

860
00:47:01,640 --> 00:47:02,120
Speaker 4: Wow.

861
00:47:02,320 --> 00:47:05,880
Speaker 2: And then that was that. Nineteen seventy seven, Pat Benatar

862
00:47:06,040 --> 00:47:08,800
Speaker 2: starts the eighties Bandix rocker trend.

863
00:47:09,000 --> 00:47:11,520
Speaker 4: I would count that as the fourth dinner party factoid.

864
00:47:12,320 --> 00:47:14,080
Speaker 2: Yeah, I would say so too.

865
00:47:14,280 --> 00:47:16,439
Speaker 4: And if you want a fifth catch a Rising Star

866
00:47:16,600 --> 00:47:19,480
Speaker 4: is a chain of comedy clubs and was also a

867
00:47:19,520 --> 00:47:20,960
Speaker 4: TV series in Canada.

868
00:47:22,280 --> 00:47:27,520
Speaker 2: To Now you got anything else? Uh no, Well that's

869
00:47:27,560 --> 00:47:30,200
Speaker 2: it for Elastic everybody. If you want to know more

870
00:47:30,239 --> 00:47:33,880
Speaker 2: about it, type that word into the search bar HowStuffWorks

871
00:47:33,880 --> 00:47:37,239
Speaker 2: dot com and who knows what amazing things will come up?

872
00:47:37,280 --> 00:47:39,799
Speaker 2: That's right, And since I said search bar, it's time

873
00:47:39,840 --> 00:47:41,880
Speaker 2: for listener mate.

874
00:47:43,200 --> 00:47:48,240
Speaker 4: Uh yeah, I'm gonna call this short but kind of funny. Hey, guys,

875
00:47:48,280 --> 00:47:51,360
Speaker 4: quick and trivial email from a fan in Pittsburgh. I

876
00:47:51,600 --> 00:47:57,200
Speaker 4: too appreciated in your uh's the episode on body Snatching,

877
00:47:57,360 --> 00:48:01,480
Speaker 4: a live episode on Grave Robbie, I too appreciated how

878
00:48:01,480 --> 00:48:06,320
Speaker 4: cool Charlie Chaplin's Body robbers partner's name was Gancho Geneff.

879
00:48:07,680 --> 00:48:10,640
Speaker 4: And I tell you we did that show a few times,

880
00:48:10,680 --> 00:48:12,640
Speaker 4: and you and I never ceased to not crack up

881
00:48:12,760 --> 00:48:17,200
Speaker 4: at the words Gancho Ganeff. Sure it's still happening. Being Jewish,

882
00:48:17,280 --> 00:48:21,239
Speaker 4: I thought a little Hebrew Yiddish languages were involved, and

883
00:48:21,400 --> 00:48:27,000
Speaker 4: Ganev in fact does mean thief. Oh really, And then

884
00:48:27,040 --> 00:48:29,400
Speaker 4: he stretches it a bit. Then he says, guancho for

885
00:48:29,480 --> 00:48:33,240
Speaker 4: that matter, seems to be Spanish for hook like dance moves.

886
00:48:34,680 --> 00:48:37,200
Speaker 4: And he said Charlie Chaplin was a dancer. He said, so,

887
00:48:37,280 --> 00:48:39,040
Speaker 4: maybe that's a stretch on the second part, but it

888
00:48:39,040 --> 00:48:41,560
Speaker 4: seems as though Gancho Ganev was born just the old

889
00:48:41,640 --> 00:48:45,279
Speaker 4: Charlie Chaplin's body Wow. I'll give you props on the

890
00:48:46,640 --> 00:48:50,200
Speaker 4: Ganef part at least, And that is from B. D. Wahlberg,

891
00:48:50,320 --> 00:48:53,560
Speaker 4: And he said, ps, you might remember me from Pittsburgh

892
00:48:53,880 --> 00:48:56,960
Speaker 4: at your live show. I asked a question in the

893
00:48:57,040 --> 00:48:59,560
Speaker 4: Q and A about how you find new ways to

894
00:48:59,640 --> 00:49:03,000
Speaker 4: rip on the post office, and I still remember I

895
00:49:03,000 --> 00:49:06,440
Speaker 4: gave my Trader Joe's bag to somebody in the audience,

896
00:49:07,080 --> 00:49:10,440
Speaker 4: and that was BD. He still still have Chuck's Trader

897
00:49:10,520 --> 00:49:12,040
Speaker 4: Joe's bag hanging in my kitchen.

898
00:49:12,280 --> 00:49:15,279
Speaker 2: Nice man. Well, thanks a lot, b D. We appreciate it.

899
00:49:15,920 --> 00:49:16,239
Speaker 4: That was.

900
00:49:17,160 --> 00:49:19,200
Speaker 2: It would have been even more ironic had he been

901
00:49:19,239 --> 00:49:21,239
Speaker 2: referencing the DV Cooper episode.

902
00:49:21,480 --> 00:49:23,160
Speaker 4: Oh did you hear about the new info?

903
00:49:23,520 --> 00:49:25,560
Speaker 2: I did, and it actually makes a lot of sense

904
00:49:25,640 --> 00:49:25,840
Speaker 2: to me.

905
00:49:26,160 --> 00:49:29,120
Speaker 4: Yeah, So for anyone that hasn't seen, they found some

906
00:49:29,200 --> 00:49:34,359
Speaker 4: actual new science that seems to indicate they found these

907
00:49:34,360 --> 00:49:38,200
Speaker 4: four elements in the tie that b dB Cooper wore.

908
00:49:38,719 --> 00:49:42,799
Speaker 4: And apparently these elements are very specific to work being

909
00:49:42,840 --> 00:49:44,160
Speaker 4: done by the Boeing company.

910
00:49:45,440 --> 00:49:45,640
Speaker 2: Yep.

911
00:49:45,920 --> 00:49:48,200
Speaker 4: So it gives a lot of credence to the theory

912
00:49:48,280 --> 00:49:50,880
Speaker 4: that he was a Boeing employee.

913
00:49:50,680 --> 00:49:53,840
Speaker 2: And even more specifically because it was on his tie,

914
00:49:53,920 --> 00:49:56,560
Speaker 2: if he were like working the actual machines that were

915
00:49:56,560 --> 00:49:59,680
Speaker 2: manufacturing this thing, he would have been wearing like cover

916
00:49:59,719 --> 00:50:02,759
Speaker 2: all something, not a tie. So it indicates that if

917
00:50:02,840 --> 00:50:04,520
Speaker 2: he worked for Boeing, he would have been like an

918
00:50:04,520 --> 00:50:07,200
Speaker 2: engineer or a manager who would have been wearing a

919
00:50:07,239 --> 00:50:09,000
Speaker 2: tie on the floor while he was out there.

920
00:50:09,200 --> 00:50:11,640
Speaker 4: Like, I think this is like the biggest lead they've

921
00:50:11,640 --> 00:50:13,880
Speaker 4: ever had. I think so too, pretty amazing.

922
00:50:14,040 --> 00:50:16,279
Speaker 2: Yeah, you know who's excited about it? Secret?

923
00:50:17,080 --> 00:50:18,080
Speaker 4: Yeah? Boy?

924
00:50:19,360 --> 00:50:20,879
Speaker 2: If you want to know what we're talking about, we

925
00:50:21,120 --> 00:50:23,680
Speaker 2: did a DV Cooper episode and this popped in. That's

926
00:50:23,760 --> 00:50:24,200
Speaker 2: right up.

927
00:50:24,280 --> 00:50:28,040
Speaker 4: It's a live episode that we hope will be available

928
00:50:28,040 --> 00:50:28,160
Speaker 4: to you.

929
00:50:28,280 --> 00:50:30,680
Speaker 2: So what else?

930
00:50:31,040 --> 00:50:34,360
Speaker 4: Oh? And actually, wow, boy, this is exciting. We just

931
00:50:34,400 --> 00:50:38,520
Speaker 4: got literally an email reply from BD because I said

932
00:50:38,520 --> 00:50:41,439
Speaker 4: we were going to be reading this and I think

933
00:50:41,520 --> 00:50:44,360
Speaker 4: this bears mentioning. What a day maker. Guys, if you

934
00:50:44,480 --> 00:50:47,160
Speaker 4: use a pronoun for me, I go by they and

935
00:50:47,239 --> 00:50:48,759
Speaker 4: them rather than.

936
00:50:48,680 --> 00:50:49,160
Speaker 2: He or she.

937
00:50:49,560 --> 00:50:52,239
Speaker 4: I know you're talking about because I am a non

938
00:50:52,280 --> 00:50:53,839
Speaker 4: binary listener. What up?

939
00:50:54,560 --> 00:50:57,040
Speaker 2: What up? B D. Thank you. It's good to hear from.

940
00:50:56,840 --> 00:51:00,160
Speaker 4: You, and I'd love to surprise my BFF Carlisle with

941
00:51:00,160 --> 00:51:01,640
Speaker 4: a great big audio high five.

942
00:51:02,120 --> 00:51:03,320
Speaker 2: Well I think that just happened.

943
00:51:03,400 --> 00:51:07,799
Speaker 4: Wow. All right, this is like real time correction slash

944
00:51:08,080 --> 00:51:09,040
Speaker 4: back and forth with BD.

945
00:51:09,440 --> 00:51:11,960
Speaker 2: Let's just see what happened. Email Obama real quick. We'll

946
00:51:12,000 --> 00:51:15,680
Speaker 2: sit here, Let's see what happens next. We're just gonna

947
00:51:15,680 --> 00:51:18,120
Speaker 2: take this for We're gonna take this ride.

948
00:51:18,160 --> 00:51:19,160
Speaker 4: All right. Well, thank you, b D.

949
00:51:19,560 --> 00:51:21,400
Speaker 2: Yeah, thanks a lot, b D. Good to hear from you.

950
00:51:21,640 --> 00:51:23,040
Speaker 2: All right, Well, if you want to get in touch

951
00:51:23,080 --> 00:51:25,520
Speaker 2: with us, you can tweet to us. I'm at Josh

952
00:51:25,719 --> 00:51:29,960
Speaker 2: Underscore Underscore Clark. You can also hit me up at

953
00:51:30,040 --> 00:51:33,640
Speaker 2: the official s y SK podcast handle. You can hang

954
00:51:33,680 --> 00:51:36,320
Speaker 2: out with Chuck on Facebook at Charles W. Chuck Bryant

955
00:51:36,480 --> 00:51:39,080
Speaker 2: and at stuff you Should Know. You can send us

956
00:51:39,120 --> 00:51:42,400
Speaker 2: both an email to stuff Podcast at HowStuffWorks dot com

957
00:51:42,440 --> 00:51:44,520
Speaker 2: and has always joined us at our home own the web,

958
00:51:44,760 --> 00:51:51,120
Speaker 2: stuff youshould Know dot com.

959
00:51:51,200 --> 00:51:53,719
Speaker 3: For more on this and thousands of other topics, visit

960
00:51:53,760 --> 00:52:02,200
Speaker 3: HowStuffWorks dot com