1 00:00:00,960 --> 00:00:04,120 Speaker 1: Welcome to you stuff you should know from house stuff 2 00:00:04,160 --> 00:00:13,160 Speaker 1: Works dot com. Hey, welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark, 3 00:00:13,200 --> 00:00:19,079 Speaker 1: There's Charles W. Chuck Bryant, there's Jerry Hooray that makes 4 00:00:19,120 --> 00:00:23,480 Speaker 1: this stuff. He should know. That's right. How's it going. 5 00:00:23,800 --> 00:00:29,440 Speaker 1: It's going well great. You got your candy soda canned 6 00:00:29,640 --> 00:00:38,800 Speaker 1: diet soda with um. Unfortunately it contains then old keytoe nerrics. Yeah, 7 00:00:39,200 --> 00:00:41,640 Speaker 1: there's a big problem. Have you looked into that well, 8 00:00:41,640 --> 00:00:43,560 Speaker 1: I mean I don't drink that stuff is a rule 9 00:00:43,680 --> 00:00:45,280 Speaker 1: because of all the junk in it. No, but have 10 00:00:45,400 --> 00:00:48,480 Speaker 1: you ever looked into that condition It's a metabolic conditioning 11 00:00:48,920 --> 00:00:51,440 Speaker 1: where it's like you can't have protein basically, but you 12 00:00:51,520 --> 00:00:55,280 Speaker 1: also have to live interesting. Yeah, it's it sounds terrible. 13 00:00:55,440 --> 00:00:58,160 Speaker 1: I know. You can clean a toilet with candy soda 14 00:00:59,200 --> 00:01:02,880 Speaker 1: and you can make a penny shiny overnight. Yeah. You 15 00:01:02,920 --> 00:01:07,360 Speaker 1: can loosen um rusted nuts and bolts. Yeah, or you 16 00:01:07,400 --> 00:01:10,880 Speaker 1: can drink it. Right. That's the most delicious move is 17 00:01:10,959 --> 00:01:15,800 Speaker 1: go juice. It is go juice of the type you 18 00:01:15,840 --> 00:01:17,600 Speaker 1: know me, I like my orange soda every now and 19 00:01:17,600 --> 00:01:21,640 Speaker 1: then they'll like the wippony lou that in a root 20 00:01:21,640 --> 00:01:25,680 Speaker 1: beer is about all roos. Great. What about cream soda? Yeah, 21 00:01:25,920 --> 00:01:27,759 Speaker 1: you're not a big cream soda now, it's fine. I'll 22 00:01:27,760 --> 00:01:29,800 Speaker 1: have I have one of those every two years. I'll 23 00:01:29,840 --> 00:01:33,720 Speaker 1: have it's about five root beers a year and about 24 00:01:33,840 --> 00:01:37,560 Speaker 1: teneam in your fridge with like a little bit of 25 00:01:37,600 --> 00:01:40,720 Speaker 1: masking tape so they're numbered. No, I don't buy them 26 00:01:40,720 --> 00:01:43,119 Speaker 1: to keep them in the house. They just you should. 27 00:01:43,120 --> 00:01:46,959 Speaker 1: It's probably cheaper by Yeah, and this is not a 28 00:01:47,000 --> 00:01:51,360 Speaker 1: big statement on health and wellness. My family didn't buy 29 00:01:51,360 --> 00:01:53,520 Speaker 1: that stuff growing up because we were you know, they 30 00:01:53,520 --> 00:01:55,200 Speaker 1: were teachers and we didn't have a ton of money 31 00:01:55,200 --> 00:01:58,920 Speaker 1: and would drink water, just water, a lot of water 32 00:01:59,000 --> 00:02:03,080 Speaker 1: to real especially in restaurants. We'll just have water. Yeah, 33 00:02:03,280 --> 00:02:06,160 Speaker 1: that kind of deal because the other stuff costs money. 34 00:02:06,240 --> 00:02:08,240 Speaker 1: But in retrospect, I'm glad, you know, because I never 35 00:02:08,280 --> 00:02:12,359 Speaker 1: developed a big affinity for SODA's. Yeah. No, it's pretty 36 00:02:12,360 --> 00:02:14,920 Speaker 1: great for your mom. Yeah, so thanks mom for the 37 00:02:15,160 --> 00:02:17,880 Speaker 1: for the milk and water way to go. So Chuck, 38 00:02:18,240 --> 00:02:20,760 Speaker 1: I would say this is a perfect segue to what 39 00:02:20,880 --> 00:02:25,960 Speaker 1: we're talking about today. Animal camouflage. Yeah, we covered a 40 00:02:25,960 --> 00:02:29,600 Speaker 1: little bit of the uh this in the Coolest Animal Ever, 41 00:02:30,600 --> 00:02:34,919 Speaker 1: The Octopus podcast. Yeah. We also talked about your descence 42 00:02:34,960 --> 00:02:38,320 Speaker 1: I think, yeah, and how to butterfly wings get their color? Yeah, 43 00:02:38,440 --> 00:02:41,200 Speaker 1: that was you know when people say, like, what's an 44 00:02:41,200 --> 00:02:44,040 Speaker 1: episode that that everybody overlooks that you thought it was great? 45 00:02:44,560 --> 00:02:50,079 Speaker 1: There's like fifty of them at least more like Um, 46 00:02:50,280 --> 00:02:52,880 Speaker 1: but I would say that the butterfly wings episode is 47 00:02:52,919 --> 00:02:55,880 Speaker 1: a really startling example of that where it's just like, 48 00:02:55,960 --> 00:02:58,080 Speaker 1: you think it's gonna be boring, but it led us 49 00:02:58,120 --> 00:03:03,200 Speaker 1: into all sorts of stuff optics, color, butterflies, migration, like 50 00:03:03,280 --> 00:03:06,680 Speaker 1: all sorts of really cool stuff light. Yeah. Um, that 51 00:03:06,720 --> 00:03:08,760 Speaker 1: one turned out to be really neat. Yeah, and you 52 00:03:08,800 --> 00:03:11,320 Speaker 1: know what you just reminded me. Um, we should mention 53 00:03:11,400 --> 00:03:14,440 Speaker 1: that we have close to seven hundred podcasts now, we're 54 00:03:14,680 --> 00:03:17,840 Speaker 1: really close and a lot of people that maybe find 55 00:03:17,880 --> 00:03:20,240 Speaker 1: us via iTunes or another pod player, thank you, might 56 00:03:20,320 --> 00:03:22,160 Speaker 1: we might only have like three hundred. Yeah, it's funny 57 00:03:22,200 --> 00:03:24,760 Speaker 1: to see that triumphant tweet, like, just listen to all 58 00:03:24,800 --> 00:03:28,440 Speaker 1: three episodes of Steven should know my life is completely like, 59 00:03:28,520 --> 00:03:30,760 Speaker 1: oh boy, I'm so sorry. You got a long road 60 00:03:30,760 --> 00:03:32,600 Speaker 1: to home. But you can find all those we have 61 00:03:32,639 --> 00:03:35,120 Speaker 1: an RSS if you just google stuff. You should Know RSS, 62 00:03:35,440 --> 00:03:37,400 Speaker 1: or go to our website Stuff you should dot Com 63 00:03:37,680 --> 00:03:40,080 Speaker 1: click under podcasts. We have all seven hundred of them there. Yeah, 64 00:03:40,120 --> 00:03:43,120 Speaker 1: you can also search stuff you Should Know archive and 65 00:03:43,120 --> 00:03:45,200 Speaker 1: it should bring up the archive page on our website, 66 00:03:45,240 --> 00:03:48,320 Speaker 1: which has every single episode of Stuff you Should Know ever, 67 00:03:48,600 --> 00:03:50,520 Speaker 1: and I think you can download them there too, can't 68 00:03:50,520 --> 00:03:52,840 Speaker 1: you think? So who knows in this day and age 69 00:03:53,200 --> 00:03:58,560 Speaker 1: twenty one century, it's right, So animal camouflaged chuckers. Yes. Also, 70 00:03:58,600 --> 00:03:59,960 Speaker 1: I want to give a shout out to a board 71 00:04:00,080 --> 00:04:06,280 Speaker 1: panda um article twenty amazing examples of animal animal camouflage. 72 00:04:06,640 --> 00:04:09,640 Speaker 1: It's nuts. Some of the stuff these animals are doing 73 00:04:09,680 --> 00:04:12,520 Speaker 1: these days. It's pretty cool. And you know, I because 74 00:04:12,520 --> 00:04:15,680 Speaker 1: they want to live. Yeah, it's natural selection at work, 75 00:04:15,720 --> 00:04:19,039 Speaker 1: which is kind of like it's happening right in front 76 00:04:19,080 --> 00:04:21,720 Speaker 1: of our eyes. We've covered natural selection at length in 77 00:04:21,720 --> 00:04:25,000 Speaker 1: that episode, in the Darwin episode. But as we all know, 78 00:04:25,040 --> 00:04:29,480 Speaker 1: if an animal gets munched on or stomped on, it's 79 00:04:29,480 --> 00:04:31,920 Speaker 1: not gonna be around. So it adapts into the world 80 00:04:31,960 --> 00:04:33,400 Speaker 1: around me and says, hey, I think I might want 81 00:04:33,400 --> 00:04:36,119 Speaker 1: to look like that twig or might want to blend 82 00:04:36,160 --> 00:04:38,360 Speaker 1: in color wise, then I won't get eaten and I'm 83 00:04:38,400 --> 00:04:41,000 Speaker 1: gonna pass that down to my kids and they won't 84 00:04:41,000 --> 00:04:43,159 Speaker 1: get eaten, and all of a sudden, we're a healthy, 85 00:04:43,160 --> 00:04:47,480 Speaker 1: thriving species. Yeah. And through natural selection, an animal that 86 00:04:47,560 --> 00:04:51,240 Speaker 1: has a trait that keeps it from being eaten allows 87 00:04:51,240 --> 00:04:53,960 Speaker 1: it to, say, blend in. It raises the likelihood that 88 00:04:54,000 --> 00:04:56,479 Speaker 1: it will live long enough to reproduce to pass it on. 89 00:04:57,120 --> 00:05:00,280 Speaker 1: And on the other hand, an animal that say, rightly 90 00:05:00,279 --> 00:05:03,080 Speaker 1: colored and stands out in its environment, it's probably gonna 91 00:05:03,120 --> 00:05:06,000 Speaker 1: get picked off early on won't have a chance to reproduce, 92 00:05:06,240 --> 00:05:10,440 Speaker 1: so whatever traits it has won't necessarily be passed along. Yeah, 93 00:05:10,440 --> 00:05:14,120 Speaker 1: and that's why almost every animal that you'll see on 94 00:05:14,279 --> 00:05:20,520 Speaker 1: the planet Earth has some sort of blending in capability. Um. 95 00:05:20,560 --> 00:05:22,360 Speaker 1: Not always. You know, you'll see a big blue bird 96 00:05:22,400 --> 00:05:24,239 Speaker 1: in the middle of the woods obviously you're a cardinal, 97 00:05:24,600 --> 00:05:27,560 Speaker 1: but you'll also see a lot of deer and squirrels 98 00:05:27,600 --> 00:05:31,000 Speaker 1: and ground mammals that are sort of browny and gray. Yeah, 99 00:05:31,000 --> 00:05:34,559 Speaker 1: it's not because they're just drabbed, because there again trying 100 00:05:34,600 --> 00:05:37,640 Speaker 1: to survive exactly. They blend in with those earth tones. 101 00:05:37,680 --> 00:05:40,400 Speaker 1: And if you look in the ocean, um, you will 102 00:05:40,440 --> 00:05:42,640 Speaker 1: see some crazy fluorescent things, but you're also going to 103 00:05:42,680 --> 00:05:46,960 Speaker 1: see a lot of blue grayish coloring um and sea 104 00:05:47,000 --> 00:05:50,040 Speaker 1: creatures because they'll blend into the light, that soft light 105 00:05:50,080 --> 00:05:52,600 Speaker 1: under the water. And one of the reasons why animal 106 00:05:52,640 --> 00:05:56,640 Speaker 1: camouflage is so widespread and adaptation is because it doesn't 107 00:05:56,680 --> 00:06:01,120 Speaker 1: just help you from being hunted yourself. It helps you 108 00:06:01,160 --> 00:06:04,520 Speaker 1: to hunt. You can use it to capture prey as 109 00:06:04,560 --> 00:06:08,800 Speaker 1: well as hide from predators. So it's just really versatile 110 00:06:08,839 --> 00:06:12,120 Speaker 1: and great fantastic stuff can help you kill and not 111 00:06:12,200 --> 00:06:16,160 Speaker 1: be killed exactly, just the whole key. So Um, there's 112 00:06:16,279 --> 00:06:19,359 Speaker 1: a couple of different ways where there's some factors involved 113 00:06:19,400 --> 00:06:25,279 Speaker 1: in how animal camouflage will develop within a given species. Um. 114 00:06:25,320 --> 00:06:29,679 Speaker 1: First and foremost, it depends on how the animal behaves, 115 00:06:29,839 --> 00:06:34,240 Speaker 1: and it's physiology. Yeah, like, uh, if your mammal, obviously 116 00:06:34,480 --> 00:06:36,520 Speaker 1: your fur is gonna play a large part. If you're 117 00:06:36,720 --> 00:06:41,440 Speaker 1: a fish or an amphibian, your scales, your skin might write. 118 00:06:41,800 --> 00:06:44,160 Speaker 1: If you're traveling big packs, you might use that to 119 00:06:44,200 --> 00:06:46,880 Speaker 1: your advantage, or if you're a solo flyer, you might 120 00:06:46,960 --> 00:06:49,480 Speaker 1: find a way to work that into your routine, your 121 00:06:49,520 --> 00:06:53,840 Speaker 1: survival routine. Yeah, So I mean the animal itself, the camouflage, 122 00:06:53,920 --> 00:06:57,640 Speaker 1: it develops what type of animal it is and how 123 00:06:57,680 --> 00:06:59,960 Speaker 1: it behaves. Those are going to have a huge impact. 124 00:07:00,520 --> 00:07:03,240 Speaker 1: So too will the environment. Probably more than anything else, 125 00:07:03,279 --> 00:07:08,200 Speaker 1: the environment will um predict how the animals camouflage will develop, 126 00:07:08,279 --> 00:07:11,960 Speaker 1: because what you want to do is blend into the background, 127 00:07:12,600 --> 00:07:16,280 Speaker 1: and so the natural habitat, the environment that the animal 128 00:07:16,320 --> 00:07:19,720 Speaker 1: lives in will become the model for the camouflage. Yeah. Like, 129 00:07:19,760 --> 00:07:22,080 Speaker 1: if you're surrounded by green, you're probably gonna be green 130 00:07:23,320 --> 00:07:26,920 Speaker 1: um or you might be dead soon. Uh. The other 131 00:07:27,080 --> 00:07:29,600 Speaker 1: is the final way is the physiology and behavior of 132 00:07:29,640 --> 00:07:33,560 Speaker 1: the predators and prey that seek those animals out for lunch. So, 133 00:07:33,600 --> 00:07:37,800 Speaker 1: for instance, if the your main predator is color blind, 134 00:07:38,360 --> 00:07:41,320 Speaker 1: then you're not gonna mess with changing color. You might 135 00:07:41,400 --> 00:07:45,160 Speaker 1: alter over time, just like maybe the stripe pattern on 136 00:07:45,200 --> 00:07:49,400 Speaker 1: your body, or it's about pattern not color necessarily. So 137 00:07:50,360 --> 00:07:54,560 Speaker 1: the your own physiology and behavior, the behavior and I 138 00:07:54,560 --> 00:07:58,000 Speaker 1: guess physiology of your predators or your prey, and then 139 00:07:58,040 --> 00:08:00,680 Speaker 1: the actual environment that you and have it. These are 140 00:08:00,680 --> 00:08:05,280 Speaker 1: the big three when it comes to determining animal camouflage. Yeah, 141 00:08:05,360 --> 00:08:08,960 Speaker 1: and most of the camouflage that we see around us 142 00:08:09,160 --> 00:08:12,840 Speaker 1: all balls under the banner. Of blending in to your 143 00:08:12,880 --> 00:08:18,720 Speaker 1: surroundings just being casual. Um. And then there's basically two ways. 144 00:08:19,200 --> 00:08:22,520 Speaker 1: Colors is huge, it's not the only thing, but it's 145 00:08:22,600 --> 00:08:25,760 Speaker 1: one of the bigger points of animal camouflage. And then 146 00:08:25,800 --> 00:08:29,000 Speaker 1: there's two ways that color is produced here on planet 147 00:08:29,080 --> 00:08:35,400 Speaker 1: Earth by animals, and it's either chemically or physically. And chemically, 148 00:08:35,520 --> 00:08:40,400 Speaker 1: colors are produced through pigments, that's right, biochromes their microscopic 149 00:08:40,480 --> 00:08:44,400 Speaker 1: natural pigments, and they are they produce these colors chemically, 150 00:08:45,080 --> 00:08:48,720 Speaker 1: and for instance, your chemical makeup might absorb some colors 151 00:08:48,720 --> 00:08:52,320 Speaker 1: of light reflect others. That's gonna make you appear to 152 00:08:52,360 --> 00:08:55,920 Speaker 1: be a different color or be a different color, right exactly. So, Like, um, 153 00:08:55,960 --> 00:09:00,559 Speaker 1: I looked up human pigment, human pigmentation to see if 154 00:09:00,600 --> 00:09:04,559 Speaker 1: that was an example of camouflage. Couldn't find anything. It 155 00:09:04,600 --> 00:09:06,240 Speaker 1: wasn't like one of those ones where you do a 156 00:09:06,320 --> 00:09:09,079 Speaker 1: Google searching you're like, oh, this is obviously a dumb question. 157 00:09:09,640 --> 00:09:12,040 Speaker 1: This was like there just hasn't been a lot of 158 00:09:12,080 --> 00:09:15,360 Speaker 1: academic study on it or whatever for humans. Yeah, like 159 00:09:15,440 --> 00:09:19,480 Speaker 1: if brown skin or peach skin, yeah, interesting. I think 160 00:09:19,480 --> 00:09:21,880 Speaker 1: what it is ultimately is just an adaptation to the 161 00:09:21,920 --> 00:09:25,120 Speaker 1: exposure to the sun rather than trying to blend in 162 00:09:25,160 --> 00:09:27,960 Speaker 1: with your environment. That makes sense, but I wondered I 163 00:09:28,000 --> 00:09:30,600 Speaker 1: got my answer. I guess through the fact that there 164 00:09:30,679 --> 00:09:32,680 Speaker 1: wasn't an answer, all right. The other way you mentioned 165 00:09:32,720 --> 00:09:38,640 Speaker 1: was actually physical structures, and these are also microscopic and 166 00:09:38,760 --> 00:09:42,880 Speaker 1: they act like prisms. And one example they gave in 167 00:09:42,920 --> 00:09:45,679 Speaker 1: the article was polar bears, who actually have black skin, 168 00:09:46,559 --> 00:09:50,720 Speaker 1: but they have translucent hairs, and the translucent hair turns 169 00:09:50,760 --> 00:09:54,920 Speaker 1: all visible light into a rainbow, which is why polar 170 00:09:54,960 --> 00:09:58,480 Speaker 1: bears look like rainbow colored. Well, I don't think that's true. 171 00:09:58,679 --> 00:10:02,000 Speaker 1: It's like on the Pink Flood album cover. Yeah, that's 172 00:10:02,000 --> 00:10:04,480 Speaker 1: a polar bear, right right, that's a polar bear hair 173 00:10:05,160 --> 00:10:09,000 Speaker 1: that prism. Not true. No, but apparently they have black 174 00:10:09,040 --> 00:10:12,560 Speaker 1: skin underneath, but their hair manages to bend and reflect 175 00:10:13,000 --> 00:10:16,280 Speaker 1: all light, almost all lights, so they appear white and 176 00:10:16,440 --> 00:10:21,440 Speaker 1: the nuts. But it's almost like, why why not just 177 00:10:21,520 --> 00:10:25,240 Speaker 1: have the darker skin evolve out just because the hair 178 00:10:25,800 --> 00:10:28,640 Speaker 1: made it so it didn't need to. Maybe I wonder 179 00:10:28,679 --> 00:10:32,640 Speaker 1: if it serves some other purpose. Yeah, maybe this good 180 00:10:32,720 --> 00:10:35,319 Speaker 1: question polar bear experts. Yeah, but just someone's gonna know, 181 00:10:35,679 --> 00:10:41,080 Speaker 1: please let us know. Um, Butterflies also have um physical structures. 182 00:10:41,640 --> 00:10:46,040 Speaker 1: Scales are also a physical structure because they do crazy 183 00:10:46,080 --> 00:10:49,160 Speaker 1: things to light. And then some animals have both chemical 184 00:10:49,320 --> 00:10:53,600 Speaker 1: and physical structures that create their camouflage. Apparently a lot 185 00:10:53,640 --> 00:10:57,560 Speaker 1: of reptiles are green because they have physical structures that 186 00:10:57,640 --> 00:11:01,600 Speaker 1: bend light and reflect light except up for say yellow. 187 00:11:02,240 --> 00:11:04,679 Speaker 1: But then they have pigments underneath the skin that create 188 00:11:04,760 --> 00:11:07,360 Speaker 1: blue or vice versa. Probably now that I say it 189 00:11:07,400 --> 00:11:10,040 Speaker 1: out loud, and then you put the two together and 190 00:11:10,160 --> 00:11:14,600 Speaker 1: you have green, which helps for a snake that lives 191 00:11:14,720 --> 00:11:19,040 Speaker 1: in bright green trees. Yeah, and all of these um, 192 00:11:19,080 --> 00:11:22,880 Speaker 1: all these animals have their own method I guess, and 193 00:11:23,040 --> 00:11:27,119 Speaker 1: with their physiology, like obviously mammals have their fur um, 194 00:11:27,240 --> 00:11:31,440 Speaker 1: fish um, amphibians, reptiles, they're gonna use their scales, birds 195 00:11:31,440 --> 00:11:36,240 Speaker 1: have their feathers, and even insects use their exoskeleton um, 196 00:11:36,240 --> 00:11:40,160 Speaker 1: which can actually like the texture of the exoskeleton can 197 00:11:40,200 --> 00:11:43,959 Speaker 1: be changed over time to better blend in. Yeah, right, 198 00:11:43,960 --> 00:11:49,360 Speaker 1: Like think about the the wings on grasshopper. They look 199 00:11:49,400 --> 00:11:51,880 Speaker 1: a lot like a leaf, right, But one of the 200 00:11:51,880 --> 00:11:53,760 Speaker 1: reasons they look like a leaf is not just because 201 00:11:53,800 --> 00:11:56,040 Speaker 1: of the color, but because of the texture it's got 202 00:11:56,120 --> 00:11:57,720 Speaker 1: kind of this math thing. If they were like a 203 00:11:57,800 --> 00:12:01,920 Speaker 1: high shine polish, the thing would stand out pretty pretty clearly. 204 00:12:01,960 --> 00:12:05,440 Speaker 1: So it's not just color. It's also texture as well 205 00:12:05,840 --> 00:12:08,680 Speaker 1: and patterns as we'll see. But color is probably the 206 00:12:08,720 --> 00:12:14,320 Speaker 1: most widespread part of animal camouflage. And apparently a squirrel, 207 00:12:14,840 --> 00:12:17,960 Speaker 1: the squirrels fur is rough and uneven to resemble the 208 00:12:18,040 --> 00:12:20,520 Speaker 1: texture of tree bark. Makes sense. Yeah, I never really 209 00:12:20,600 --> 00:12:22,880 Speaker 1: noticed that I can spot a squirrel a mile away though. 210 00:12:23,000 --> 00:12:24,599 Speaker 1: Well that's because there's like a zillion of them in 211 00:12:24,640 --> 00:12:28,520 Speaker 1: Atlanta because I hate them. Woh, that's right. So we'll 212 00:12:28,520 --> 00:12:32,000 Speaker 1: talk more about animal colors and all the neat stuff 213 00:12:32,040 --> 00:12:44,600 Speaker 1: that can happen right after this message. All right, we're back, 214 00:12:44,679 --> 00:12:48,080 Speaker 1: and we are talking about changing of the seasons now, 215 00:12:48,120 --> 00:12:53,600 Speaker 1: because animals will change themselves depending on the change of 216 00:12:53,640 --> 00:12:57,960 Speaker 1: the seasons. They can actually adapt to the seasons to 217 00:12:58,000 --> 00:13:00,800 Speaker 1: blend in. Do you see how acutely fought are Look 218 00:13:00,880 --> 00:13:03,680 Speaker 1: how cute that foxes? That's the same type of fox. 219 00:13:03,760 --> 00:13:07,760 Speaker 1: I love foxes like. So, the Arctic fox lives in 220 00:13:07,800 --> 00:13:11,360 Speaker 1: a u an environment, a habitat where some of the 221 00:13:11,440 --> 00:13:15,120 Speaker 1: year it's snowy, other parts of the year it's um Well, 222 00:13:15,160 --> 00:13:18,600 Speaker 1: woody and muddy. Yeah, and so as a result, the 223 00:13:18,679 --> 00:13:22,040 Speaker 1: Arctic fox has evolved to change its coat depending on 224 00:13:22,080 --> 00:13:25,600 Speaker 1: the season. Yeah, that's a sharp adaptation. It's pretty awesome. 225 00:13:25,600 --> 00:13:29,400 Speaker 1: And it's actually triggered by hormones. The the animal senses 226 00:13:29,480 --> 00:13:31,360 Speaker 1: the changing in the season because of like the shift 227 00:13:31,400 --> 00:13:35,800 Speaker 1: in daylight, maybe shifts in temperature, and they'll release hormones 228 00:13:35,840 --> 00:13:37,880 Speaker 1: and there'll be a reaction and all of a sudden, 229 00:13:38,240 --> 00:13:41,319 Speaker 1: there are different biochromes being produced in that little fox 230 00:13:41,360 --> 00:13:44,560 Speaker 1: can change color right there. They're making different pigments. Pigments. 231 00:13:44,600 --> 00:13:47,800 Speaker 1: The thing is um and some bird species do this too, 232 00:13:48,000 --> 00:13:50,720 Speaker 1: but well, not a lot of mammals, but some mammals 233 00:13:51,800 --> 00:13:54,240 Speaker 1: will change their coat. The thing is that you can't 234 00:13:54,520 --> 00:13:57,360 Speaker 1: or the fox or the bird can't do anything to 235 00:13:57,480 --> 00:14:01,319 Speaker 1: change its actual coat. Once the oat has grown out, 236 00:14:01,360 --> 00:14:04,440 Speaker 1: it has to shed its coat or malt its feathers 237 00:14:04,840 --> 00:14:07,960 Speaker 1: and then regrow new ones that better match the new things. 238 00:14:07,960 --> 00:14:11,960 Speaker 1: So that's why um. Apparently a lot of mammals malt 239 00:14:12,400 --> 00:14:15,079 Speaker 1: is to change the color of their coat. Yeah, that's 240 00:14:15,080 --> 00:14:17,240 Speaker 1: pretty awesome. It is pretty awesome. Have you ever seen 241 00:14:17,280 --> 00:14:20,680 Speaker 1: the videos of the pet foxes on the internet. Yeah, man, 242 00:14:20,800 --> 00:14:24,080 Speaker 1: they're very cute, little fluffy tails wagon and like those 243 00:14:24,080 --> 00:14:26,480 Speaker 1: little chirpy noises they make when they get betted. Yes, 244 00:14:26,760 --> 00:14:30,680 Speaker 1: that one in particular adorable. Uh and then chuck. Um. 245 00:14:30,800 --> 00:14:34,200 Speaker 1: Have you heard about the peppered moth. I don't think 246 00:14:34,200 --> 00:14:38,640 Speaker 1: so you have. It's the sterling example of natural selection 247 00:14:38,680 --> 00:14:42,520 Speaker 1: in practice. But it's based on um camouflage. So in 248 00:14:42,640 --> 00:14:46,640 Speaker 1: London during the Industrial Revolution that's London, England. Yes, okay, 249 00:14:47,000 --> 00:14:52,080 Speaker 1: it became so sooty that um the white bodied peppered moth, 250 00:14:52,600 --> 00:14:55,040 Speaker 1: which is exactly what it sounds like. It's kind of 251 00:14:55,040 --> 00:14:57,840 Speaker 1: peppery looking. It looks like if it landed on the 252 00:14:57,880 --> 00:15:00,360 Speaker 1: side of a birch tree, you know, the white ones, 253 00:15:01,640 --> 00:15:05,240 Speaker 1: it would just blend right in because of this mixture 254 00:15:05,240 --> 00:15:08,120 Speaker 1: of white and black. The thing is, is there so 255 00:15:08,200 --> 00:15:11,400 Speaker 1: much soot produced during the beginning of the Industrial Revolution 256 00:15:11,440 --> 00:15:14,560 Speaker 1: in London that this these moths that had any white 257 00:15:14,560 --> 00:15:17,200 Speaker 1: to them would stand out like a sore thumb and 258 00:15:17,280 --> 00:15:23,040 Speaker 1: we're predated eaten. Uh. There was a variation on this 259 00:15:23,200 --> 00:15:26,360 Speaker 1: called the black bodied peppered moth didn't change because of 260 00:15:26,400 --> 00:15:29,240 Speaker 1: the soot. So the thing is is the animal itself 261 00:15:29,240 --> 00:15:34,440 Speaker 1: didn't change. Different varieties of the same species. One was eaten, 262 00:15:34,880 --> 00:15:38,120 Speaker 1: one thrived because of the change in the amount of soot, 263 00:15:38,880 --> 00:15:41,120 Speaker 1: but it happened very quickly. How do they know they 264 00:15:41,160 --> 00:15:43,760 Speaker 1: just weren't white moss covered with soot. They're they're pretty 265 00:15:43,800 --> 00:15:47,160 Speaker 1: sure they weren't. And then now that the soot has 266 00:15:47,840 --> 00:15:53,480 Speaker 1: been whipped largely in London um, the white bodied pepper 267 00:15:53,520 --> 00:15:57,040 Speaker 1: moth is now predominant again because it can blend in 268 00:15:57,120 --> 00:15:59,600 Speaker 1: a lot more easily because there's less soot because London 269 00:15:59,600 --> 00:16:04,360 Speaker 1: cleaned up act in some ways? What way says it not? 270 00:16:04,520 --> 00:16:08,680 Speaker 1: I don't know. They like to drink a lot, they 271 00:16:08,720 --> 00:16:11,680 Speaker 1: really they do. But don't they stop at like eleven? Now? 272 00:16:11,720 --> 00:16:14,320 Speaker 1: I don't just remember we started drinking at four and 273 00:16:14,360 --> 00:16:16,440 Speaker 1: then they drink for several hours, but then they stopped 274 00:16:16,440 --> 00:16:19,400 Speaker 1: at eleven, like the bars aren't open all night or something. Yeah. 275 00:16:19,440 --> 00:16:22,480 Speaker 1: The only time I went to London, I just remember thinking, man, 276 00:16:22,520 --> 00:16:24,880 Speaker 1: they really do drink a lot. This is great. And 277 00:16:24,920 --> 00:16:28,040 Speaker 1: I remember buying beer can beer in the store and 278 00:16:28,040 --> 00:16:30,280 Speaker 1: I was like, oh, they've got its tall boys and 279 00:16:30,320 --> 00:16:32,920 Speaker 1: they're like, what's the tall boy? Right, Like we just 280 00:16:32,960 --> 00:16:34,960 Speaker 1: call that a beer that's a short Yeah, that you 281 00:16:35,000 --> 00:16:38,600 Speaker 1: should see our tall boys. You call them kegs. I 282 00:16:38,600 --> 00:16:41,360 Speaker 1: can't wait to go back. We're hoping, spoiler, We're hoping 283 00:16:41,360 --> 00:16:44,040 Speaker 1: to maybe come to London for a show. Fingers crossed. 284 00:16:45,640 --> 00:16:47,200 Speaker 1: All right, So where were we? Oh, we were talking 285 00:16:47,200 --> 00:16:51,040 Speaker 1: about bio biochromes. Uh, those are the cells on this 286 00:16:51,440 --> 00:16:54,920 Speaker 1: near to the skin surface, or in the case of 287 00:16:54,960 --> 00:16:57,840 Speaker 1: the octopus or the cuttlefish, you can have deeper cells 288 00:16:57,840 --> 00:17:00,640 Speaker 1: called chromatophors, which we talked about at length in the 289 00:17:00,680 --> 00:17:04,320 Speaker 1: octopus episode, and those are amazing. Those are pigmented cells 290 00:17:04,359 --> 00:17:08,760 Speaker 1: that the octopus and the cuttlefish can basically manipulate these 291 00:17:08,760 --> 00:17:13,159 Speaker 1: cells and contract and expand these things, like the surface 292 00:17:13,200 --> 00:17:16,720 Speaker 1: area can expand up to when they want to show 293 00:17:16,760 --> 00:17:19,240 Speaker 1: that particular pigment. Yeah, and a good uh. I don't 294 00:17:19,240 --> 00:17:22,159 Speaker 1: know if we had mentioned this and the last octopus one, 295 00:17:22,240 --> 00:17:24,119 Speaker 1: but a good way to see this in action is 296 00:17:24,160 --> 00:17:26,719 Speaker 1: to take like a balloon, like a red balloon, and 297 00:17:26,760 --> 00:17:28,400 Speaker 1: just blow it up a little bit and tie it off. 298 00:17:28,800 --> 00:17:31,760 Speaker 1: You know, if you squeeze that balloon, it's gonna change 299 00:17:31,760 --> 00:17:33,840 Speaker 1: its color, it's gonna become lighter. And then when you 300 00:17:34,240 --> 00:17:36,400 Speaker 1: unsqueeze it or let it go, it's gonna go back 301 00:17:36,440 --> 00:17:38,440 Speaker 1: to that dark red. And that's kind of the same 302 00:17:38,440 --> 00:17:41,240 Speaker 1: thing that's going on with the manipulation of the caromatophor, right, 303 00:17:41,280 --> 00:17:43,920 Speaker 1: And that's different shades of it's of the same color, 304 00:17:44,040 --> 00:17:47,080 Speaker 1: but they have different camatophores of totally different colors and 305 00:17:47,080 --> 00:17:49,560 Speaker 1: then call up what they want, right. Yeah, So if 306 00:17:49,600 --> 00:17:52,520 Speaker 1: they want like all black, they could reduce the size 307 00:17:52,520 --> 00:17:55,080 Speaker 1: of everything but black and just show the black. But 308 00:17:55,320 --> 00:17:58,520 Speaker 1: they can also mix and match to create colors that 309 00:17:58,560 --> 00:18:02,240 Speaker 1: are basically a bland and of their different colored chromatophores. 310 00:18:02,240 --> 00:18:04,639 Speaker 1: So if they are blue and yellow and they're showing 311 00:18:04,640 --> 00:18:07,720 Speaker 1: those equally, they'll have a nice healthy shade of green overall. 312 00:18:08,280 --> 00:18:10,960 Speaker 1: And with cuttle fish in particular, they've done some recent 313 00:18:11,040 --> 00:18:14,919 Speaker 1: study and they found that not only do they have chromatophores, 314 00:18:15,160 --> 00:18:18,240 Speaker 1: they have two other structures that help too. They have lucophors, 315 00:18:18,280 --> 00:18:21,960 Speaker 1: which scatter light very efficiently. Then they also have aritophores, 316 00:18:22,000 --> 00:18:25,399 Speaker 1: which produce iridescence. So that's why it's not just like 317 00:18:25,440 --> 00:18:28,840 Speaker 1: a flat color change. It's like these are it's like magic. 318 00:18:28,880 --> 00:18:33,960 Speaker 1: When you see an octopus quick change color or cuttle fish, Yeah, 319 00:18:34,040 --> 00:18:37,040 Speaker 1: it looks like they it looks like it's just become 320 00:18:37,040 --> 00:18:40,000 Speaker 1: a completely different animal, not just colorwise, but texture and 321 00:18:40,040 --> 00:18:42,960 Speaker 1: all that is all just optical illusions. Yeah, the the 322 00:18:43,000 --> 00:18:46,800 Speaker 1: octopus can shape texture and color. And a second, it's 323 00:18:46,800 --> 00:18:48,680 Speaker 1: not like I mean, if you've seen the video, it's 324 00:18:48,720 --> 00:18:50,520 Speaker 1: not the kind of thing that's like, oh it's changing now. 325 00:18:51,040 --> 00:18:54,800 Speaker 1: I mean you blink your eyes and it's a underwater plant. Exactly. 326 00:18:55,280 --> 00:18:58,800 Speaker 1: What's nuts, though, Chuck, is they've studied the cuttle fish 327 00:18:59,119 --> 00:19:03,679 Speaker 1: and it's just color they're changing. Maniac cuttle fish are 328 00:19:03,720 --> 00:19:06,960 Speaker 1: color blind. They have no idea. They know that it's 329 00:19:07,040 --> 00:19:10,320 Speaker 1: visually driven because they've deprived it of visual cues before 330 00:19:10,720 --> 00:19:13,400 Speaker 1: and shown that it's not quite as adept at changing 331 00:19:13,440 --> 00:19:16,840 Speaker 1: its colors, so they know that it's it's visually driven, 332 00:19:17,080 --> 00:19:19,560 Speaker 1: but they have no idea how a cuttle fish can 333 00:19:19,600 --> 00:19:23,080 Speaker 1: tell what color to change too, because it's color blind. 334 00:19:23,400 --> 00:19:25,720 Speaker 1: Isn't that cool? Well? Maybe I don't know. There's no 335 00:19:25,800 --> 00:19:28,679 Speaker 1: mirrors down there. Maybe they don't even know what color is. 336 00:19:29,520 --> 00:19:32,360 Speaker 1: Maybe not. Maybe it's all some other sense that we've 337 00:19:32,440 --> 00:19:37,520 Speaker 1: yet to discover. Yeah, the cuddle sense cuddle, Um, I 338 00:19:37,520 --> 00:19:39,439 Speaker 1: guess we can. I know we mentioned this in another 339 00:19:39,480 --> 00:19:42,280 Speaker 1: one about the chameleon that may have been or is 340 00:19:42,320 --> 00:19:45,879 Speaker 1: that it don't be dumb episode that chameleons don't change 341 00:19:45,920 --> 00:19:48,280 Speaker 1: their color to blend in. They actually change color depending 342 00:19:48,320 --> 00:19:51,199 Speaker 1: on their mood. I've not done that one. I heard that, 343 00:19:51,240 --> 00:19:53,000 Speaker 1: I think for the first time a couple of years ago. 344 00:19:53,040 --> 00:19:55,040 Speaker 1: I had always thought, like a lot of people, that 345 00:19:55,119 --> 00:19:57,240 Speaker 1: the chameleon, you know, lands on something green, it's gonna 346 00:19:57,240 --> 00:19:59,600 Speaker 1: turn green. As far as any paink commercial I've ever 347 00:19:59,600 --> 00:20:02,400 Speaker 1: seen for through chameleon, that's the story, you know. Yeah, 348 00:20:02,480 --> 00:20:05,320 Speaker 1: But they, like I said, they change when their mood changes. Um, 349 00:20:05,320 --> 00:20:09,080 Speaker 1: and not necessarily depending on their surroundings. Right, so they're 350 00:20:09,080 --> 00:20:12,960 Speaker 1: basically showing like I'm happy, I'm fluorescent orange. Right now, 351 00:20:13,080 --> 00:20:17,400 Speaker 1: let's go uh, let's go to happy hour. Um. So, 352 00:20:17,400 --> 00:20:21,240 Speaker 1: so far, we've got hormonal changes to either changes in 353 00:20:21,320 --> 00:20:26,440 Speaker 1: temperature or changes in sunlight leading to molting or shedding 354 00:20:26,440 --> 00:20:30,640 Speaker 1: a fur in a new coat. Um, you've got some 355 00:20:30,720 --> 00:20:35,200 Speaker 1: sort of visually driven behavior in some pretty amazing animals 356 00:20:35,200 --> 00:20:40,520 Speaker 1: like the octopus or the cuttlefish. Um, you've got chameleons 357 00:20:40,760 --> 00:20:43,280 Speaker 1: changing based on their mood, which again I guess would 358 00:20:43,280 --> 00:20:47,760 Speaker 1: probably be hormonally triggered. And then you've also got some 359 00:20:47,920 --> 00:20:51,280 Speaker 1: that changed their color their camouflage based on diet, like 360 00:20:51,320 --> 00:20:53,760 Speaker 1: the nudy branch, or as I like to call it, 361 00:20:53,920 --> 00:20:58,840 Speaker 1: the nudy brand, the nuty branch. Did you look at these? No? Amazing. 362 00:20:58,880 --> 00:21:05,000 Speaker 1: It's one of those like super brilliant, fluorescent, very colorful things. Um. 363 00:21:05,040 --> 00:21:08,000 Speaker 1: And they are sea creatures and they alter their diet 364 00:21:08,200 --> 00:21:10,840 Speaker 1: depending on what kind of coral um they are near. 365 00:21:10,960 --> 00:21:14,280 Speaker 1: They will eat that coral and deposit that pigmentum from 366 00:21:14,359 --> 00:21:18,080 Speaker 1: the coral into their skin and their intestines, and it'll 367 00:21:18,760 --> 00:21:21,520 Speaker 1: just change the color to blend in with what they're eating. Basically, yeah, 368 00:21:21,520 --> 00:21:23,919 Speaker 1: because what they're eating is also what they're living on. 369 00:21:24,160 --> 00:21:26,760 Speaker 1: So when they eat a specific type of coral and 370 00:21:27,160 --> 00:21:31,160 Speaker 1: that changes their color, they blend in with their surroundings. 371 00:21:31,160 --> 00:21:35,520 Speaker 1: Pretty ingenious, smart nudy branches. Way to go. There are 372 00:21:35,560 --> 00:21:40,800 Speaker 1: also fish who change color without changing their diet um, 373 00:21:40,800 --> 00:21:43,240 Speaker 1: and that is sort of like the malting and mammals 374 00:21:43,240 --> 00:21:46,280 Speaker 1: and birds the fish and this this is something that 375 00:21:46,320 --> 00:21:49,080 Speaker 1: happens over time. It's not like I'll eat and change colors. 376 00:21:49,720 --> 00:21:52,840 Speaker 1: But if the fish changes environment as a species, it's 377 00:21:52,840 --> 00:21:55,760 Speaker 1: going to get new queues and look around and say, well, 378 00:21:55,760 --> 00:21:57,719 Speaker 1: I might want to think about turning a little more 379 00:21:57,760 --> 00:22:01,280 Speaker 1: green over time as a specie, and I want to 380 00:22:01,320 --> 00:22:03,880 Speaker 1: think about that. So I'm gonna release some hormones and 381 00:22:04,240 --> 00:22:07,840 Speaker 1: maybe over time, my my sons and my son's sons 382 00:22:08,080 --> 00:22:11,400 Speaker 1: might eventually really blend in well. And oh grab when 383 00:22:11,440 --> 00:22:14,600 Speaker 1: it comes to shark yah hide exactly have you heard 384 00:22:14,600 --> 00:22:18,840 Speaker 1: of the glass frog? Uh, it's neat. It's translucent, so 385 00:22:18,920 --> 00:22:22,439 Speaker 1: you can see its internal organs very clearly. Um. But 386 00:22:22,520 --> 00:22:25,639 Speaker 1: I was like, what what adaptation is that? Seriously, like, 387 00:22:25,680 --> 00:22:30,480 Speaker 1: how does that figure with with animal camouflage? And um, no, 388 00:22:30,480 --> 00:22:33,480 Speaker 1: one's sure, there's no definitive answer, but it seems like 389 00:22:33,560 --> 00:22:36,719 Speaker 1: the best theory I saw was that, Um, it's translucent 390 00:22:36,720 --> 00:22:40,320 Speaker 1: skin makes it invisible. Oh really, uh huh, which makes 391 00:22:40,359 --> 00:22:43,320 Speaker 1: sense because it's guts are green and I think it's 392 00:22:43,359 --> 00:22:46,800 Speaker 1: a tree frog, so it's it's invisible, I guess to 393 00:22:46,920 --> 00:22:49,600 Speaker 1: some predators, or maybe it just wants to be a 394 00:22:49,640 --> 00:22:52,159 Speaker 1: part of the body's exhibit really badly. It looks like 395 00:22:52,240 --> 00:22:55,000 Speaker 1: that it's the frog version of the invisible man man. 396 00:22:55,040 --> 00:22:57,120 Speaker 1: I'll have to check that out. So we'll talk more 397 00:22:57,160 --> 00:23:11,560 Speaker 1: about some other uses for camouflage. Right after this, we 398 00:23:11,640 --> 00:23:14,680 Speaker 1: talked about coloration and stuff, like that, but they're also designs. 399 00:23:15,680 --> 00:23:19,240 Speaker 1: Um the animals can use to blend in, and that 400 00:23:19,359 --> 00:23:23,280 Speaker 1: is the model pattern that they're using. Like let's say 401 00:23:23,359 --> 00:23:27,800 Speaker 1: a zebra stripes. They have those vertical stripes. Yeah, and 402 00:23:27,840 --> 00:23:30,640 Speaker 1: it's black and white. And if you go on a safari, 403 00:23:31,200 --> 00:23:33,600 Speaker 1: probably the first thing you would ever notice is a 404 00:23:33,680 --> 00:23:37,240 Speaker 1: zebra sticks out like a sore thumb. Look like crazy, 405 00:23:37,280 --> 00:23:41,160 Speaker 1: we're looking horse that can never be domesticated because they're 406 00:23:41,160 --> 00:23:44,280 Speaker 1: too wild and too met Um. The thing is, the 407 00:23:44,359 --> 00:23:48,600 Speaker 1: zebra is not camouflaged for you. It doesn't care about 408 00:23:48,640 --> 00:23:52,400 Speaker 1: you or your family. It cares about the lions that's 409 00:23:52,440 --> 00:23:55,320 Speaker 1: funding it. And lions are color blind, so they can't 410 00:23:55,359 --> 00:23:58,160 Speaker 1: see that a zebras black and white and the leaves 411 00:23:58,160 --> 00:24:00,760 Speaker 1: and grass that's blending in with our own and khaki 412 00:24:00,840 --> 00:24:04,280 Speaker 1: and greens, or it just sees the pattern, which is 413 00:24:04,280 --> 00:24:06,520 Speaker 1: the whole point. Yeah. And then the other cool thing 414 00:24:06,560 --> 00:24:10,399 Speaker 1: about zebra stripes is they are specific to the zebra. 415 00:24:10,440 --> 00:24:13,400 Speaker 1: It's like a fingerprint, so they help them identify each 416 00:24:13,400 --> 00:24:17,160 Speaker 1: other or maybe the pack like, oh, look at that pack, 417 00:24:17,320 --> 00:24:20,719 Speaker 1: that's not my pack because those stripes are not my stripes, right, 418 00:24:20,920 --> 00:24:26,680 Speaker 1: is pretty interesting? Or this is uh king seraphon king 419 00:24:26,720 --> 00:24:29,959 Speaker 1: of the zebras, and I can tell it's him because 420 00:24:30,000 --> 00:24:31,920 Speaker 1: of his stripes. And by the way, I when I 421 00:24:31,920 --> 00:24:34,080 Speaker 1: say pack, I mean heard, heard, You're right to save 422 00:24:34,119 --> 00:24:38,320 Speaker 1: your emails. Well, what's neat is so zebras do work 423 00:24:38,320 --> 00:24:41,320 Speaker 1: in herds or live in herds, and they use stripes 424 00:24:41,720 --> 00:24:44,960 Speaker 1: to identify one another, like a mom will be able 425 00:24:45,040 --> 00:24:48,520 Speaker 1: to keep an eye on her kid. Chure full um 426 00:24:48,520 --> 00:24:51,600 Speaker 1: from a ways off, because to a zebra, it's plainly 427 00:24:51,640 --> 00:24:54,080 Speaker 1: obvious that that's our kid. It doesn't look like anything 428 00:24:54,080 --> 00:24:57,679 Speaker 1: else to us, you know, it looks exactly the same. Um. 429 00:24:57,720 --> 00:25:04,359 Speaker 1: But another another adaptive measure of the animal camouflage of 430 00:25:04,440 --> 00:25:09,240 Speaker 1: zebras is that since they do exist in herds, it 431 00:25:09,320 --> 00:25:11,840 Speaker 1: makes it really hard for a lion to pick out 432 00:25:11,960 --> 00:25:14,280 Speaker 1: what the heck is going on when you've got a 433 00:25:14,359 --> 00:25:16,920 Speaker 1: herd of zebras, because their stripes are running into each 434 00:25:16,920 --> 00:25:22,399 Speaker 1: other and you can't tell which zebras ends where, begins where, 435 00:25:23,200 --> 00:25:25,200 Speaker 1: and uh, it makes it harder for them to pick 436 00:25:25,200 --> 00:25:27,720 Speaker 1: out like the weak and the injured. Yeah, and that's 437 00:25:27,760 --> 00:25:30,520 Speaker 1: the same truth a lot of stripe fish. Um. A 438 00:25:30,560 --> 00:25:33,440 Speaker 1: shark might just see a big blob of stripy things 439 00:25:34,000 --> 00:25:35,920 Speaker 1: and not realize. And that's why it's you know, they 440 00:25:35,920 --> 00:25:38,720 Speaker 1: travel in schools, not the only reason, but to help 441 00:25:38,760 --> 00:25:41,639 Speaker 1: themselves look larger and just sort of blend in as 442 00:25:41,640 --> 00:25:44,840 Speaker 1: a big gelatinous stripe e fluorescent thing exactly because they're 443 00:25:44,880 --> 00:25:47,280 Speaker 1: kind of like, well, there's no way that a shark's 444 00:25:47,320 --> 00:25:48,880 Speaker 1: not going to see the school of fish, or there's 445 00:25:48,880 --> 00:25:50,560 Speaker 1: no way a lion is not gonna see this herd 446 00:25:50,560 --> 00:25:53,440 Speaker 1: of zebras. But we can make it really difficult for 447 00:25:53,720 --> 00:25:57,399 Speaker 1: this predator to create a good attack strategy because this 448 00:25:57,480 --> 00:26:00,560 Speaker 1: is very confusing, that's right, And that's called disruptive coloration. 449 00:26:01,119 --> 00:26:05,080 Speaker 1: It's pretty neat um trick that they use. Another thing 450 00:26:05,119 --> 00:26:10,560 Speaker 1: they can use is what they call visual disruption. Visual Yeah, 451 00:26:10,680 --> 00:26:13,480 Speaker 1: I see that, funny. That's typically how it's pronounced. It 452 00:26:13,560 --> 00:26:16,800 Speaker 1: sounded weird coming out of my mess. Yeah. Uh. This 453 00:26:16,840 --> 00:26:19,679 Speaker 1: is when patterns are out of line with the body's contours, 454 00:26:20,240 --> 00:26:24,840 Speaker 1: so it looks like, um, someone has thrown some sort 455 00:26:24,840 --> 00:26:28,640 Speaker 1: of projection, uh, superimposed on top of that animal, right, 456 00:26:28,760 --> 00:26:31,000 Speaker 1: or it looks like it really just blends in with 457 00:26:31,119 --> 00:26:35,120 Speaker 1: the the grasses or whatever that it's walking along, rather 458 00:26:35,160 --> 00:26:37,760 Speaker 1: than if it did follow the contours would be like, oh, well, 459 00:26:37,800 --> 00:26:39,879 Speaker 1: look at that zebra right there standing in the grass, 460 00:26:40,040 --> 00:26:45,600 Speaker 1: right exactly. Another cool thing that animals can do is 461 00:26:45,720 --> 00:26:49,439 Speaker 1: imitation or mimicry. And this is when they say, you 462 00:26:49,480 --> 00:26:53,800 Speaker 1: know what, I I can't manage being ignored. I'm not 463 00:26:53,880 --> 00:26:57,639 Speaker 1: that good, but at least I can um be seen. 464 00:26:58,000 --> 00:27:00,560 Speaker 1: I can't manage to not be seen because I'm not 465 00:27:00,640 --> 00:27:04,480 Speaker 1: that good. But maybe I can manage to be ignored. Yeah, Like, 466 00:27:04,720 --> 00:27:08,960 Speaker 1: I'm a walking stick insect. And they're so cool because 467 00:27:08,960 --> 00:27:12,080 Speaker 1: they look so much like twigs and sticks, and that's 468 00:27:12,119 --> 00:27:13,600 Speaker 1: what they're trying to do. They're like, well, I know 469 00:27:13,680 --> 00:27:16,120 Speaker 1: you see me, but hopefully you just think I'm a stick. 470 00:27:16,320 --> 00:27:18,200 Speaker 1: It's funny. It looks like a stick with the head 471 00:27:18,240 --> 00:27:22,879 Speaker 1: of a beaker from the Muppets. Yeah. Um, the Katie 472 00:27:22,880 --> 00:27:24,520 Speaker 1: did is another one. You ever seen those? They look 473 00:27:24,560 --> 00:27:28,720 Speaker 1: like leaves? Yeah, like really green leaves. Yeah. Um? Did 474 00:27:28,800 --> 00:27:31,800 Speaker 1: you see the hawk moth caterpillar? Yeah, that's one of 475 00:27:31,800 --> 00:27:34,040 Speaker 1: my favorites. It is awesome. I was like, what do 476 00:27:34,080 --> 00:27:36,000 Speaker 1: you mean it looks like a snake? Come on, And 477 00:27:36,000 --> 00:27:39,040 Speaker 1: then I did a Google image search. Yeah, it looks 478 00:27:39,080 --> 00:27:42,960 Speaker 1: exactly like a snake. Like I would be freaked out 479 00:27:43,040 --> 00:27:45,920 Speaker 1: thinking it was a snake and I'm a smart human. Yeah, 480 00:27:45,960 --> 00:27:48,600 Speaker 1: there's certain photos I've seen. I think maybe the one 481 00:27:48,640 --> 00:27:52,280 Speaker 1: you found where it compares a snake to this thing. No, 482 00:27:52,400 --> 00:27:55,800 Speaker 1: I didn't see one compared. It was just on its face. Yeah, 483 00:27:55,960 --> 00:27:58,800 Speaker 1: team of facey pretty amazing. Yeah, and that is the 484 00:27:58,840 --> 00:28:03,280 Speaker 1: hawk moth caterpillar or our favorite moth caterpillar. Oh. Another 485 00:28:03,320 --> 00:28:05,679 Speaker 1: thing that they can do sometimes if they live in 486 00:28:05,720 --> 00:28:09,200 Speaker 1: an ecosystem where UM a lot of times, like super 487 00:28:09,200 --> 00:28:13,680 Speaker 1: poisonous animals are really brightly colored, the non poisonous animals 488 00:28:13,680 --> 00:28:15,800 Speaker 1: will be like, you know what, everyone's ignoring that guy 489 00:28:15,920 --> 00:28:18,720 Speaker 1: because if they eat it, he will die. So over time, 490 00:28:19,000 --> 00:28:21,920 Speaker 1: let's ourselves evolved to have bright colors even though we're 491 00:28:21,920 --> 00:28:24,600 Speaker 1: not poisonous, so we can look like that dude that 492 00:28:24,720 --> 00:28:32,919 Speaker 1: is poisonous. False flag camouflage brilliant, brilliant color mimicry. So, chuck, 493 00:28:33,400 --> 00:28:35,760 Speaker 1: you got anything else? I got nothing else. That was 494 00:28:35,840 --> 00:28:40,880 Speaker 1: animal camouflage. One of our great UM animal episodes. Those 495 00:28:40,880 --> 00:28:43,280 Speaker 1: are always fun. They made me feel like a kid. Yeah, 496 00:28:43,320 --> 00:28:46,320 Speaker 1: I mean, I agreed. You know, Uh, if you want 497 00:28:46,360 --> 00:28:49,200 Speaker 1: to learn more about animal camouflage, you should type those 498 00:28:49,200 --> 00:28:52,080 Speaker 1: words into the search bar, how stuff works dot com. 499 00:28:52,280 --> 00:28:55,600 Speaker 1: Don't forget the you. And since I said that, it's 500 00:28:55,680 --> 00:29:01,320 Speaker 1: time for listener mail Greetings from Connecticut. That's what I'll 501 00:29:01,360 --> 00:29:05,800 Speaker 1: call this, because Christina lives in Connecticut, or as I 502 00:29:05,840 --> 00:29:09,000 Speaker 1: like to say, Connecticut, and so I'll remember how to 503 00:29:09,000 --> 00:29:12,080 Speaker 1: spell it. Why does that see in there? It's sort 504 00:29:12,080 --> 00:29:15,520 Speaker 1: of weird. M. I don't know. Yeah. I want to 505 00:29:15,560 --> 00:29:17,880 Speaker 1: thank you guys for your podcasts on bipolar disorder. I've 506 00:29:17,920 --> 00:29:21,400 Speaker 1: struggled with this since I was first diagnosed at eighteen 507 00:29:21,400 --> 00:29:23,680 Speaker 1: with bipolar two. I always said I got the short 508 00:29:23,720 --> 00:29:26,360 Speaker 1: into the stick and disorders, as I suffer from only 509 00:29:26,400 --> 00:29:31,440 Speaker 1: small bouts of highs and long bouts of loads. Most recently, 510 00:29:31,640 --> 00:29:34,640 Speaker 1: I suffered a nervous breakdown due distress from work. I'm 511 00:29:34,640 --> 00:29:37,920 Speaker 1: currently on medical lead from work. My bipolar has progressed 512 00:29:37,920 --> 00:29:41,400 Speaker 1: to hallucinations, which are not fun. I see something that 513 00:29:41,440 --> 00:29:44,080 Speaker 1: my mind is trying to tell myself isn't really there, 514 00:29:44,400 --> 00:29:47,440 Speaker 1: but the anxiety and fear that uh, it's really there 515 00:29:47,480 --> 00:29:51,200 Speaker 1: overcomes me. My family's old school and chooses to ignore it. 516 00:29:52,040 --> 00:29:55,320 Speaker 1: Old school. That's one way to say that, um, and 517 00:29:55,440 --> 00:29:58,320 Speaker 1: act like it isn't happening. UM. I should also add 518 00:29:58,560 --> 00:30:02,640 Speaker 1: but I come from a family of medical professionals and therapists. Wow, 519 00:30:02,680 --> 00:30:06,080 Speaker 1: that doesn't make sense. No, that's very surprised. They're like, absolutely, honey, 520 00:30:06,080 --> 00:30:08,480 Speaker 1: there's a clown with a knife coming at you. For sure. 521 00:30:09,240 --> 00:30:11,960 Speaker 1: That doesn't seem like a good strategy. No, not at all. 522 00:30:12,320 --> 00:30:14,480 Speaker 1: I set your podcast to my family, though, and it 523 00:30:14,560 --> 00:30:17,200 Speaker 1: allowed us to have an open conversation about what is 524 00:30:17,240 --> 00:30:20,840 Speaker 1: going on. I'm a little alarmed that her medical professional 525 00:30:20,840 --> 00:30:23,640 Speaker 1: families needed our show, right, But we saved the day, though, 526 00:30:23,640 --> 00:30:26,160 Speaker 1: so we did. Your podcast truly is a wonderful tool 527 00:30:26,200 --> 00:30:28,400 Speaker 1: for anyone that wants to explain to someone what we 528 00:30:28,400 --> 00:30:30,640 Speaker 1: struggle with on a day to day basis. You guys 529 00:30:30,680 --> 00:30:32,800 Speaker 1: are great and often keep me company while I paint 530 00:30:32,880 --> 00:30:37,240 Speaker 1: during my hypomanic episodes. So she is eternally grateful, and 531 00:30:37,240 --> 00:30:39,800 Speaker 1: that is Christina and Christina, I wrote you back, but 532 00:30:39,840 --> 00:30:42,560 Speaker 1: hanging there of your family's more understanding now and I'm 533 00:30:42,560 --> 00:30:44,520 Speaker 1: glad we could help. Yeah, for real. Thank you very 534 00:30:44,560 --> 00:30:48,120 Speaker 1: much for letting us know about that, Christina, We appreciate it. Um. 535 00:30:48,160 --> 00:30:50,240 Speaker 1: If we have helped you through a tough time or 536 00:30:50,560 --> 00:30:54,440 Speaker 1: fostered conversation that panned out, well, just the ones that 537 00:30:54,520 --> 00:30:57,160 Speaker 1: panned out, Well, we want to hear about those. Yeah, 538 00:30:57,160 --> 00:30:58,640 Speaker 1: I don't want to hear if you've got in a 539 00:30:58,680 --> 00:31:01,320 Speaker 1: fist fight because it's something we said. No, it's not 540 00:31:01,360 --> 00:31:05,320 Speaker 1: our fault unless you won. You can let us know 541 00:31:05,480 --> 00:31:08,120 Speaker 1: about all this stuff and more by tweeting to us 542 00:31:08,160 --> 00:31:10,920 Speaker 1: at s Y s K Podcast, by hanging out with 543 00:31:11,000 --> 00:31:13,520 Speaker 1: us on our Facebook page at Facebook dot com, slash 544 00:31:13,520 --> 00:31:15,920 Speaker 1: stuff you Should Know, or by sending us an email 545 00:31:15,920 --> 00:31:18,640 Speaker 1: to Stuff Podcast at how stuff Works dot com. And 546 00:31:19,040 --> 00:31:21,920 Speaker 1: don't forget our great website or home on the web, 547 00:31:22,080 --> 00:31:24,880 Speaker 1: the Internet clubhouse known as Stuff you Should Know dot 548 00:31:24,880 --> 00:31:32,800 Speaker 1: com for moral, this, and thousands of other topics. Is 549 00:31:32,840 --> 00:31:41,520 Speaker 1: it how stuff Works dot com.