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Speaker 1: It's time for the show. Ladies and gentlemen, friends and neighbors.

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Speaker 1: I am Ben Bulan, and I am super proud of

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Speaker 1: both of us for not starting with a fart joke today.

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Speaker 1: Was that on the table. It's always on the table.

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Speaker 1: But so far we've managed to be our best selves.

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Speaker 1: I think with the farthest we've ventured into that kind

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Speaker 1: of blue territory was unicorn farts, Angel angel farts. You know,

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Speaker 1: there was that, and then there was also the episode

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Speaker 1: about scientists hiding under college kids beds. But that wasn't

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Speaker 1: our fault. No, No, that was that was a historical fact.

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Speaker 1: It's true. I'm no, by the way, and this is

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Speaker 1: ridiculous history. And here we are, here we are. So

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Speaker 1: you may be asking yourselves, Bennal superproducer Casey Pegram, why

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Speaker 1: did you feel the need to point out that you

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Speaker 1: aren't starting with a fart joke? Well, because, Ben, we're

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Speaker 1: talking about poo poo today. We are, we are, and

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Speaker 1: we're not just talking about excrement. We're talking about a

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Speaker 1: very important sort of excrement, white gold my man guano yep,

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Speaker 1: the island inget known as bird poop or guano. And

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Speaker 1: we're also talking about geopolitics. We're talking about the great

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Speaker 1: game that all nations play. Yeah, what could be better?

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Speaker 1: Poo poo and geo politics? Right, aren't you glad you

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Speaker 1: tuned in today? So I would propose that we, as

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Speaker 1: the Mad Hatter said, start at the beginning. Ish, I

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Speaker 1: think that's the smart way to go about this, all right,

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Speaker 1: and then we'll probably go to the middle and sort

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Speaker 1: of a chronological way. I like it. Let's travel the

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Speaker 1: old to the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument. What

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Speaker 1: the heck is that? Yeah? So it's today thousand square

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Speaker 1: nautical miles of protected islands that stretch from uh the

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Speaker 1: Wake a Toll which is in the northwest, to Jarvis

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Speaker 1: Island in the southeast. And it's basically a cluster of

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Speaker 1: small islands UM that is protected under the National Wildlife

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Speaker 1: Refuge System. And just to list them all off, there's

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Speaker 1: King and Reef, Palmyra Atoll, Howland Island, Baker Island, Jarvis Island,

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Speaker 1: and then those are the ones under the National Wildlife

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Speaker 1: Refuge System. They also include two um others, Johnston a

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Speaker 1: Toll and Wake Island. And these islands are home to

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Speaker 1: tremendous levels of bio diversity. This is also where we

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Speaker 1: discovered some amazingly s lee and Dr. Susian bird names.

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Speaker 1: Also side note, yes, we are aware that the correct

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Speaker 1: pronunciations Dr. Soyce like the ham fisted booby, the sooty

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Speaker 1: turn I made up ham fisted Booby. I mean, the

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Speaker 1: booby is real, but the city turn is totally legit.

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Speaker 1: And you know what, I totally said, ham fisted booby.

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Speaker 1: I I thought, sure, yeah, why not? Yes? Is it

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Speaker 1: anymore or less ridiculous than the rest of them? Like

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Speaker 1: the wandering tattler. I also have a lovely laundry list

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Speaker 1: of endangered or depleted species that do quite well in

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Speaker 1: the Pacific remote Islands, and they include, but are not

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Speaker 1: limited to, the green and hawks, bill turtle, the pearl oyster,

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Speaker 1: giant clams, reef sharks, coconut crabs, groupers, hump head and

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Speaker 1: napoleon rasses. What's a rass w r A s S.

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Speaker 1: I don't know what that one is, and my personal favorite,

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Speaker 1: the ever Dr. Seussian bump head parrot fish. Bump head

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Speaker 1: parrot fish. Yes of Dr. Susi and fame. Also, specifically,

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Speaker 1: the palm myra atoll and Kingman reef have the highest

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Speaker 1: coral diversity levels of any other atoll or reef island

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Speaker 1: in the entire Central Pacific. Oh and uh Arras is

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Speaker 1: a type of civit which is a really cute looking

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Speaker 1: tiny mammal, a civet civet, a civet with a V

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Speaker 1: like victory or vendetta. Interesting. So it's we're saying that

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Speaker 1: I think it's really important for us to establish these

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Speaker 1: are not just the homes of some hilariously named birds,

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Speaker 1: but for the purpose of today's episode, we are very

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Speaker 1: much focusing on those birds because if you have a

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Speaker 1: lot of birds in a small area, what else do

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Speaker 1: you have a lot of You got a lot of

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Speaker 1: bird poop, and bird poop is the key ingredient of

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Speaker 1: today's episode. Also, this reminds me thanks to everybody who

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Speaker 1: wrote to us and demystified vinegar pie. Yeah, yeah, we've

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Speaker 1: moved on now to recipes exclusively in aolving bird droppings

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Speaker 1: and it's but it's not just bird droppings for fun, because,

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Speaker 1: as it turns out, these piles of of white poop

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Speaker 1: were very important in uh the United States establishment of

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Speaker 1: imperialist laws. It turns out that if you discover at

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Speaker 1: island and you say, you know what, I want this

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Speaker 1: island to belong to the United States. All you have

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Speaker 1: to do is tell them, essentially that you're going to

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Speaker 1: mind bird poop on that island and then give it

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Speaker 1: to the US. There's poop in them hills. And that's

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Speaker 1: all because of the Guano Islands Act of efty six,

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Speaker 1: which says that if a U. S citizens finds some

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Speaker 1: bird dukie on any rock, island or key, and that

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Speaker 1: location isn't already under the control of another government, can

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Speaker 1: consider it as quote appertaining to the United States. A

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Speaker 1: quite spurious and interesting legal term that we will dive

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Speaker 1: into a little later. Right. Yes, absolutely, Uh. The Guando

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Speaker 1: Island Act of eighteen fifty six is still on the

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Speaker 1: books today. It's forty eight US Code, Chapter eight and uh. Specifically,

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Speaker 1: we've got the language here. Whenever any citizen of the

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Speaker 1: United States discovers a deposit of guando on any island,

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Speaker 1: rock worky not within the lawful jurisdiction of any other government,

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Speaker 1: and not occupied by the citizens of any other government,

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Speaker 1: deep breath, and takes peaceful possession thereof, and occupies the

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Speaker 1: same such island rock work, He may, at the discretion

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Speaker 1: of the president be considered as appertaining to the United States,

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Speaker 1: so it has to be a legit deserted islands. But

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Speaker 1: why do this? Ben why right, such a convoluted and

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Speaker 1: seemingly silly sounding code um that allows people to, you know,

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Speaker 1: basically squat on uninhabited islands and dig for pooh. That's

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Speaker 1: that's a great question. And uh, it turns out that

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Speaker 1: guano was much more than just a fun thing at

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Speaker 1: the time. In the eighteen forties and even before, guano

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Speaker 1: became a very very powerful and precious commodity because it

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Speaker 1: was a source of saltpeter for gunpowder and was also

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Speaker 1: a very useful fertilizer. The US began importing guano in

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Speaker 1: eighteen forty three, and the UK was also importing it.

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Speaker 1: By the early eighteen fifties, US imports were more than

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Speaker 1: or around I guess it's fair to say, uh, seven

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Speaker 1: hundred and sixty thousand tons. And one of the big

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Speaker 1: sources of this came from Peruvian sea birds, and farmers

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Speaker 1: were claiming in the eighteen forties that using this fertilizer

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Speaker 1: could increase a crop yield threefold because as these small

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Speaker 1: Peruvian islands had little rainfall, intense sunlight and ultimately the perfect, perfect,

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Speaker 1: perfect conditions to allow this guano to dry out informed

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Speaker 1: deposits that could then be mined like any other natural resource. Right, Yes,

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Speaker 1: so we have a guando boom, actually a guano mania,

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Speaker 1: as some people were coining it. At historian by the

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Speaker 1: name of Richard Wines called it a perfect mania because

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Speaker 1: of guano's potency as a fertilizer. In eighteen fifty, it

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Speaker 1: was seventy six dollars a pound or a hundred and

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Speaker 1: sixty seven dollars a kilogram, which is, according to an

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Speaker 1: article from Dan Vergano in National Geographic, a quarter of

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Speaker 1: the price of actual gold. And I wasn't joking at

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Speaker 1: the top when I said white gold. I mean this

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Speaker 1: was a very valuable material that was quite sought after

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Speaker 1: because it was before the invention of synthetic fertilizers which

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Speaker 1: were made of ammonia, and that didn't happen until the

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Speaker 1: early twentieth century, right so at the time. Now you

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Speaker 1: can find a really great interview with Columbia law professor

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Speaker 1: Christina Duffy Burnett where she provides some historical context to

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Speaker 1: this and talks about the genuine crisis the mania the boom,

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Speaker 1: because this wasn't sort of a a a useless or

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Speaker 1: cosmetic boom like beanie babies. No, it turned out the

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Speaker 1: fertilizer was actually really good, or rather the guano made

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Speaker 1: for a bang up fertilizer because it was very rich

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Speaker 1: in both phosphorus and nitrogen. It led to a very

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Speaker 1: strange market. There were guando counterfeiters, totally fake guano flooding

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Speaker 1: the market, which makes me think somebody's going, Dad, why

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Speaker 1: won't you tell me what you do for a living?

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Speaker 1: It's like the quiet son, get me more of this

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Speaker 1: off white paint. I don't know what what do you

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Speaker 1: cut guanna with? Yeah, like I don't know baby laxative? Right?

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Speaker 1: Did they did they have that at the time? No, No, No,

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Speaker 1: it's it's unclear, Ben, it's unclear the history. He is

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Speaker 1: murky in that department. Different episode, right for another day.

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Speaker 1: But what we what we do find is that this

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Speaker 1: led to pretty intense diplomatic disputes. From the piece that

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Speaker 1: you quoted earlier, Noel, courtesy of Richard wines Uh, the

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Speaker 1: United States did find itself in some pretty like corporate

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Speaker 1: America would call healthy conversations absolutely, which in the real

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Speaker 1: world is a euphemism for intense arguments, because this all

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Speaker 1: came to a tipping point Malcolm Gladwell style, when people

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Speaker 1: began fighting over a Caribbean island called Avis. It's an isolated,

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Speaker 1: uninhabited dot at the time, about three fifty miles off

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Speaker 1: the coast of Venezuela. In eighteen fifty four, Americans landed

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Speaker 1: on this island and they wanted to claim it as

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Speaker 1: US territory. They erected get this, a liberty poll on

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Speaker 1: the island to make things officials like a barber pole,

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Speaker 1: and they called it a liberty pole. But when they

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Speaker 1: left and returned with guano mining gear, they found the

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Speaker 1: employees of a British firm already there with the gear

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Speaker 1: mining that sweet sweet juanna. Did they have a scrap? Well,

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Speaker 1: at first they divided it up between them, and somebody said,

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Speaker 1: all right, we you know, we were here first, but

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Speaker 1: there's enough bird poop for everyone. And the British said,

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Speaker 1: very well, tally ho, whatever you know slang they chose

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Speaker 1: to use at that time, and they thought, Pip, pip,

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Speaker 1: there we go. And they thought that they would, you know,

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Speaker 1: live in peace and harmony. However, Venezuela considered the island

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Speaker 1: to be Venezuelan territory, and they were not impressed by

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Speaker 1: this liberty pole. They were not impressed by this guana.

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Speaker 1: They were not impressed that the British and the Americans

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Speaker 1: were getting along. So then the scrap took place. Yes, yes, yes, uh.

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Speaker 1: A Venezuelan warship came several months later and kicked everybody out,

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Speaker 1: and then there was a dispute that lasted for decades.

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Speaker 1: Even though long story short, it turned out that the

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Speaker 1: guano on this island was kind of well, I was

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Speaker 1: going to say crappy as a manure, but maybe a

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Speaker 1: better word would be substandard. So a little more time passes,

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Speaker 1: and obviously this is not a sustainable model, right, so

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Speaker 1: the US farmers start really pushing the farm lobby to

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Speaker 1: pressure Congress to get in the mix and pass some

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Speaker 1: kind of legal ease that would allow for basically what

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Speaker 1: we're talking about, claiming these uninhabited islands that potentially could

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Speaker 1: be sites for guano deposits under what ultimately became the

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Speaker 1: Guano Islands Act. And we've read portions of that, and

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Speaker 1: I just want to read one more little snippet because

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Speaker 1: I think it's pretty instructive. Um, the discoverer shall, as

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Speaker 1: soon as practical, give notice, verified by affidavit, to the

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Speaker 1: Department of State, of such discovery, occupation, and possession, describing

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Speaker 1: the island Rock or Key, and the latitude and longitude thereof,

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Speaker 1: as near as maybe, and showing that such possession was

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Speaker 1: taken in the name of the United States, and shall

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Speaker 1: furnish satisfactory evidence to the State Department that such island

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Speaker 1: Rock or Key was not at the time of discovery thereof,

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Speaker 1: or of the taking possession and occupation thereof by the

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Speaker 1: claimants in the possession or occupation of any other government,

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Speaker 1: or of the citizens of any other government before the

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Speaker 1: same shall be considered as appertaining to the United States.

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Speaker 1: Appertaining do you want to get into appertaining? Okay, so yes, good.

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Speaker 1: I I keep going back to this, uh, this excellent

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Speaker 1: interview in Cabinet Magazine appertaining just the strict definition is

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Speaker 1: to relate to to concern, to be appropriate or applicable.

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Speaker 1: And in this interview titled Islands in the Law with

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Speaker 1: again with Christina Duffy Burnett of Columbia University of Columbia

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Speaker 1: University face him absolutely right. There's this this concept. Okay,

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Speaker 1: what is it's not? It's almost like a friends with

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Speaker 1: benefits thing. I've been thinking about this for a while.

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Speaker 1: It's it's all of the girlfriend and boyfriend, but the

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Speaker 1: fun times, but really none of the obligation protection. Right.

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Speaker 1: So in this interview, and you can read this in

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Speaker 1: full online, Folks Cabinet Magazine asked Professor Burnett, what does

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Speaker 1: appertaining mean legally speaking? And the professor says, that's the

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Speaker 1: beauty of it. Nothing, or rather, no one had any idea.

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Speaker 1: It was a vague way of saying, it's like ours

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Speaker 1: pretty much kind of sort of. And there was no

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Speaker 1: previous usage of appertaining in this context anywhere anywhere, capital a, anywhere, italicized, underline, highlighted, anywhere.

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Speaker 1: There was nothing in English about this. It originated in

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Speaker 1: property law as a way of talking about off that

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Speaker 1: came attached to something else. So like you would, you know,

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Speaker 1: buy property on an estate and there would be language

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Speaker 1: in there about the waters appertaining to the estate, you know,

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Speaker 1: a little pond or a creek, or the railway sidings

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Speaker 1: appertained to a railway. It basically means we got DIBs yeah. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: So it's a way of taking places possessions while being

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Speaker 1: careful not to call them territories, because if there's a

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Speaker 1: territory that the US owns legally, there are obligations that

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Speaker 1: come along with that and constitutional entanglements. So it's a

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Speaker 1: way of taking places without taking responsibility for them in

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Speaker 1: a federal sense. Yeah. The final section of the Code

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Speaker 1: is even entitled Right to Abandon Islands. Nothing in this

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Speaker 1: chapter contained shall be construed as obliging the United States

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Speaker 1: to retain possession of the islands. Rocks are keys after

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Speaker 1: the Guanos shall have been removed from the same So

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Speaker 1: we swoop in, we take the poop, and then we're

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Speaker 1: out right. It's like a heist. It's like a very um,

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Speaker 1: a very slow heist, very slow heist. There's not a

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Speaker 1: montage for it yet. So you know, this whole thing um,

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Speaker 1: this collection of islands that we talked about at the

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Speaker 1: top of the show, including the Palmyra atoll um in total,

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Speaker 1: referred to as the Remote Islands Marine National Monument. The

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Speaker 1: way we secured those in the first place was as

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Speaker 1: a direct result of this Guano Act. But turns out

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Speaker 1: there wasn't a whole lot of guano in these islands. Yes,

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Speaker 1: as a country, the United States was so desperate to

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Speaker 1: get ahold of that sweet sweet guano that they started

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Speaker 1: just going for places that they thought might have it

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Speaker 1: because they were, you know, tiny islands that were not

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Speaker 1: inhabited by humans. So logically, right, if there were no

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Speaker 1: you know, large mammals on most of these islands, the

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Speaker 1: birds would be free to fly and poop as they will.

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Speaker 1: But you need a little more than that. Still, it

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Speaker 1: didn't stop us because counting those five islands, there were

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Speaker 1: about seventy islands seven zero islands claimed based on this law.

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Speaker 1: And back to that fantastic article with Professor Burnett, she

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Speaker 1: describes this time um as being rampant with wildcatters and

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Speaker 1: roughneckers who were just plopping down on these islands and

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Speaker 1: throwing up their freedom polls and going to town. And

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Speaker 1: you know, there would be some kind of shifty elements

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Speaker 1: in all of this because it was kind of the

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Speaker 1: wild West. I mean, there is a provision in the

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Speaker 1: Guano Act that says, you know, laws broken while on

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Speaker 1: these islands follow the same laws as governed the High Seas.

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Speaker 1: If you're on like a merchant vessel, for example, and

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Speaker 1: you're on the high season international waters. You still are

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Speaker 1: held accountable to American laws, such as the case here.

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Speaker 1: But even still, it's sort of like that episode we

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Speaker 1: did on Antarctica where you're so isolated and like out

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Speaker 1: of the view of the eyes of the law of

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Speaker 1: your home country that who knows what could happen. I

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Speaker 1: want to dig a little deeper and see if there

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Speaker 1: were any crazy guana related murders. Oh man, there are.

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Speaker 1: There are so many strange anecdotes about life on remote islands.

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Speaker 1: I do want to recommend, by the way, one of

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Speaker 1: my favorite books for anybody interested in reading anecdotes about

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Speaker 1: remote islands. It's The Atlas of Remote Islands by an

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Speaker 1: author named Judith Shlansky. And oh, I can't say enough

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Speaker 1: about it, but there are a couple of Guando anecdotes

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Speaker 1: in there, if I recall correctly, And Nol is absolutely

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Speaker 1: accurate in that description, because there were freelancers who wanted

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Speaker 1: to be despots, you know, and say like I'm the

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Speaker 1: King of bird poop. Guano, by the way, can also

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Speaker 1: describe bat poop, but in the case of the Guano Act,

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Speaker 1: it's it's more specifically talking about birds. There were also

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Speaker 1: legitimate pirate types, you know, cowboys with ships, Professor Burnett Coulson.

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Speaker 1: And one of the tricky things about this is that

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Speaker 1: the process for acquiring new territory in the history of

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Speaker 1: the United States, it's never really been a straightforward process,

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Speaker 1: and often you will see that there were differences in

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Speaker 1: the kind of territory or land acquired, like is it

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Speaker 1: incorporated unincorporated? What does that even mean? Right? So, this

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Speaker 1: Act actually was introduced in eighteen fifty six by William

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Speaker 1: Henry Seward, who was a Senator at the time and

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Speaker 1: you may know him as actually the person who bought

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Speaker 1: Alaska when he was the Secretary of State UH during

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Speaker 1: the Andrew Johnson administration, famously referred to as Seward's folly.

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Speaker 1: Why because people thought it was a bad idea. Oh,

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Speaker 1: that makes sense. But as it turns out, despite what

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Speaker 1: this act could potentially have done for US farmers, there

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Speaker 1: was a lot of controversy surrounding it, and it specifically

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Speaker 1: was about the language. And in the original version the

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Speaker 1: term that was used were territory and sovereignty and things

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Speaker 1: like that. But people had issues with this because it

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Speaker 1: was much more specifically imperialist, and that was felt a

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Speaker 1: little too English perhaps, and I think people that kind

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Speaker 1: of freaked people out a little bit, so that stuff

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Speaker 1: kind of got the acts. And that's where that appertain

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Speaker 1: word came in, that very legally just vague term that,

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Speaker 1: according to Professor Burnett, pretty much means absolutely nothing. But

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Speaker 1: this whole idea of claiming islands really set the tone

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Speaker 1: for US imperialism abroad. Um, and that's where the terms

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Speaker 1: incorporated and uninc oporated territories originated. Incorporated territories means that

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Speaker 1: they are on the road to becoming a proper state,

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Speaker 1: like we're going to make an honest territory of you

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Speaker 1: and um, you know, tie the knot. And it seems

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Speaker 1: to me like a prerequisite for something being considered in

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Speaker 1: this light would be that it had a decent amount

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Speaker 1: of people already living there that we could identify with. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: well you be in the u S at the time, Okay,

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Speaker 1: we should just say it. They probably wanted a healthy

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Speaker 1: population or a large population of white people or people

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Speaker 1: descended from European ancestry, right due to the prevalent racism

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Speaker 1: at the time. What it unincorporated mean though, Yeah, unincorporated

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Speaker 1: was the fun one because that basically gave the US

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Speaker 1: the leeway to say, you know what we're ues is

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Speaker 1: a part of the US, but it's not of the US.

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Speaker 1: It's not in the US. It's not a state. We

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Speaker 1: don't claim it, but we are going to occupy it

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Speaker 1: in the same way we would occupy like a Iraq

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Speaker 1: for example, where we stuck around like we don't want

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Speaker 1: to be here, but we've got to be here to

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Speaker 1: keep the peace. And sometimes that gets complicated over time, right,

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Speaker 1: but this language allows for those cases. Yeah, And in

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Speaker 1: this case it's it's not a state, but we have

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Speaker 1: to be here to keep the bird poop piece. It's

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Speaker 1: more of a state of mind. It's more of a

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Speaker 1: state of mind. Well put, so, one of the big

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Speaker 1: questions now in the present day would be is this

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Speaker 1: still going on? Does the United States still have things

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Speaker 1: like this? And the answer is yes, yes, it absolutely does.

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Speaker 1: I mean things like the bird poop block. Yeah, that's

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Speaker 1: still on the books. Uh. And then there's also the

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Speaker 1: Palmyra a toll and this is almost south of the

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Speaker 1: Hawaii and Islands. It's about third of the way between

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Speaker 1: Hawaii and American Samoa. The nearest continent is thirty four

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Speaker 1: thousand miles away in the northeast, and it's well, technically

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Speaker 1: it's an archipelago, but they're pretty it's pretty sparsely populated

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Speaker 1: caretaker biologists. And it has one of the distinctions of

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Speaker 1: being a unique incorporated territory. And all that means is

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Speaker 1: that it is not a state, nor is it part

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Speaker 1: of a state, but it is part of the United States,

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Speaker 1: but doesn't. But I thought, I thought the incorporated was

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Speaker 1: the one where we have the intention of making you

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Speaker 1: a state. Is that language probably shifted over time? I know,

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Speaker 1: the stuff can be somewhat malleable, right, right, And Burnett

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Speaker 1: addresses this too and says, you know, there's been a

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Speaker 1: lot of controversy and discussion about what this means legally speaking,

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Speaker 1: and in some cases this is a very very divisive issue. Uh.

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Speaker 1: And she points this out as well that in the

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Speaker 1: case of palm Ira, this sounds strange, right because didn't

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Speaker 1: we just say that incorporated is meant to imply that

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Speaker 1: this area, whatever this piece of land is, is on

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Speaker 1: the way to statehood, to being the fifty first state

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Speaker 1: or something. Actually found somebody in a message board just

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Speaker 1: now putting it pretty well when saying that it is

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Speaker 1: considered an integral part of the United States that in

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Speaker 1: some way very much matters to our identity and possibly

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Speaker 1: commerce in in any number of ways. But Palmyra in

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Speaker 1: particular is interesting because it was only just bought by

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Speaker 1: the Nature Conservancy in two thousand. It was bought from

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Speaker 1: the fuller Leo family and they actually had recently turned

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Speaker 1: down an offer to turn it into a nuclear waste

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Speaker 1: site and the casino. Sure if they mean at the

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Speaker 1: same time or those are two separate offers, but that'd

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Speaker 1: be it'd be interesting. But I'm kind of glad that

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Speaker 1: it ended up where where where it's because it's beautiful.

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Speaker 1: You can look up pictures of it, and I think

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Speaker 1: you can visit it. Oh yeah, you can visit a

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Speaker 1: lot of these places. They're just so remote and in

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Speaker 1: many cases don't have too much of an infrastructure. But

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Speaker 1: you know what I like about a nuclear waste casino combo.

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Speaker 1: You're gambling either way. So here's another example of how

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Speaker 1: this applies to the present day. There is an island

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Speaker 1: called Navasa, and its ownership is still disputed between the

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Speaker 1: US and Haiti. In one case, historically, workers on the

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Speaker 1: island rioted and killed five supervisors to protest horrendous working conditions,

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Speaker 1: you know, uh, ultra high prices at a company store,

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Speaker 1: which we could talk about in the future episode Doctor Pay,

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Speaker 1: long hours and Federal juries. Convicted forty participants in the

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Speaker 1: crimes anywhere for murder to rioting. Three were convicted of murder,

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Speaker 1: sentenced to die. And the problem is that this case

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Speaker 1: had really strong racial overtones. The managers were all white,

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Speaker 1: the workers were universally black people. The three people convicted

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Speaker 1: of death George Key, Edward Smith, Henry Jones. They appealed.

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Speaker 1: They got all the way to the Supreme Court, and

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Speaker 1: they didn't dispute the facts of the case, like the

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Speaker 1: murder of the rioting all that, but they claimed that

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Speaker 1: the Guando Island Act was unconstitutional. It didn't jibe with

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Speaker 1: the international law standard of territorial acquisition, and Haiti had

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Speaker 1: not seeded possession of the island. And so the court

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Speaker 1: ruled against them, saying it was constitutional, but they didn't

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Speaker 1: state whether or not the island actually belonged to the US,

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Speaker 1: just that there was jurisdiction over it. So they kind

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Speaker 1: of again tabled and dodged this question. And then more

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Speaker 1: legal case has come up. In nine the US versus.

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Speaker 1: Warren confirmed that NAVASA has appertained to the U S

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Speaker 1: since eighteen fifty seven and the country has never given

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Speaker 1: it up. So this is still real and relevant stuff.

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Speaker 1: And should you find yourself on a desert island, check

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Speaker 1: check for guando. Yeah, I wanted to end on some advice.

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Speaker 1: Did you know what ambergris is? Yeah, it's from the

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Speaker 1: bellies of Oh no, it's it's from Wales, right. They

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Speaker 1: poop it out of like I think it's like it's

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Speaker 1: formed in their digestive track and they poop it out

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Speaker 1: and it's like really really really valuable. I think it's

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Speaker 1: used to make perfume perfume stuff. But if you find

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Speaker 1: bird poop or ambergrides on your deserted island, give us

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Speaker 1: a call. Let's let's talk. We'll just we'll do some business.

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Speaker 1: I know a guy, you know, I know a guy

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Speaker 1: who can move poop and ambergris. You know a guy

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00:27:52,160 --> 00:27:55,720
Speaker 1: in ambergris associated. We also do want to point out

424
00:27:55,760 --> 00:27:58,959
Speaker 1: another reason that this stuff matters is that guano mining

425
00:27:59,040 --> 00:28:03,000
Speaker 1: can be tremendous lead damaging to an environment. Well, he's

426
00:28:03,000 --> 00:28:06,879
Speaker 1: gotta handles it down. That's not it's important. I know.

427
00:28:06,920 --> 00:28:11,399
Speaker 1: It just you know, raping and pillaging. Uh yeah. And

428
00:28:12,080 --> 00:28:15,880
Speaker 1: one big case of this would be uh the island

429
00:28:15,960 --> 00:28:19,800
Speaker 1: of Naru, which is the world's smallest, most isolated public

430
00:28:20,080 --> 00:28:24,080
Speaker 1: It's about eight square miles the entire place, and as

431
00:28:24,160 --> 00:28:28,440
Speaker 1: as it turns out, neighboring island uh Zanna do Yeah

432
00:28:28,520 --> 00:28:33,200
Speaker 1: yeah yeah from the from the roller skating movie. Right. So,

433
00:28:33,200 --> 00:28:36,520
Speaker 1: so the neighboring island of Zanna do as we assure you,

434
00:28:36,600 --> 00:28:40,120
Speaker 1: this is a completely slash, mostly true fact. Their primary

435
00:28:40,160 --> 00:28:44,040
Speaker 1: export is uh films about roller skating, and the rus

436
00:28:44,200 --> 00:28:47,479
Speaker 1: primary export for a long time was guano. But we

437
00:28:47,600 --> 00:28:50,800
Speaker 1: all know that it is unsustainable to pin an entire

438
00:28:50,880 --> 00:28:55,000
Speaker 1: nation's economy on a single export. So should you find

439
00:28:55,040 --> 00:28:59,360
Speaker 1: yourself in uh in possession of a desert island, and

440
00:28:59,560 --> 00:29:04,040
Speaker 1: you want call Noel and I for legal advice, we

441
00:29:04,120 --> 00:29:07,000
Speaker 1: will gladly inform you that we are not lawyers, but

442
00:29:07,120 --> 00:29:09,440
Speaker 1: we'd love to visit you. Hit us up at Ridiculous

443
00:29:09,480 --> 00:29:11,720
Speaker 1: at how stuff works dot com. You can also find

444
00:29:11,760 --> 00:29:17,080
Speaker 1: us on social media via Facebook, uh, Instagram. We've got

445
00:29:17,080 --> 00:29:20,440
Speaker 1: a old friends your page from the early two thousands

446
00:29:20,480 --> 00:29:24,440
Speaker 1: that's still kicking. We've got a ello yeah hello, yeah,

447
00:29:24,920 --> 00:29:27,440
Speaker 1: I had one of those and uh and we do too.

448
00:29:28,440 --> 00:29:33,200
Speaker 1: Ello dot ridiculous dot never mind. Did you mess with Ello? Yeah, yeah,

449
00:29:33,200 --> 00:29:35,960
Speaker 1: briefly because it was like the low the low maintenance

450
00:29:36,080 --> 00:29:40,200
Speaker 1: social network. Yeah, it was this low maintenance social network.

451
00:29:40,240 --> 00:29:42,960
Speaker 1: And it turned out that, uh, it became very low

452
00:29:43,040 --> 00:29:46,040
Speaker 1: maintenance because no one uses it. Well, that's not around anymore.

453
00:29:46,120 --> 00:29:48,880
Speaker 1: We do have Facebook, we have Instagram. We're still you know,

454
00:29:48,960 --> 00:29:51,720
Speaker 1: dicking around with our Pinterest board. We go back and forth,

455
00:29:51,800 --> 00:29:54,120
Speaker 1: you know, it's like, should we get a Pinterest board,

456
00:29:54,160 --> 00:29:56,719
Speaker 1: should just get a wee to board? Yeah? You need

457
00:29:56,800 --> 00:30:00,400
Speaker 1: some kind of board though in our social media entourage. Um.

458
00:30:00,400 --> 00:30:04,560
Speaker 1: But most importantly, we'll be back soon next week. Maybe

459
00:30:04,560 --> 00:30:06,600
Speaker 1: it's just one more day. I'm not sure where this

460
00:30:06,640 --> 00:30:09,920
Speaker 1: episode falls, but there will be more ridiculous history coming

461
00:30:09,920 --> 00:30:13,680
Speaker 1: your way and we hope that you will join us there. Casey,

462
00:30:13,720 --> 00:30:25,040
Speaker 1: could we have a little Island music imp