Speaker 1: Hey, everyone, We're coming to Salt Lake City, Utah, and Phoenix,
Speaker 1: Arizona this fall. Yeah, October, we're gonna be at Salt
Speaker 1: Lake Cities Grand Theater and then the next night October
Speaker 1: will be in Phoenix. And we added a second show
Speaker 1: to our Melbourne show, right, that's right, a second earlier
Speaker 1: show in Melbourne. So you can get all the information
Speaker 1: for all of these shows at s y s K
Speaker 1: live dot com. Welcome to Stuff you Should Know from
Speaker 1: how Stuff Works dot com. Hey, and welcome to the podcast.
Speaker 1: I'm Josh Clark, There's Charles w Chuck Brie, there's Jerry
Speaker 1: over there, and here we are doing maybe what's gonna
Speaker 1: be the best episode of Stuff you Should Know We've
Speaker 1: ever released? Jerry's back. Yeah, welcome back Jerry from hospice.
Speaker 1: You said she just through her her can of carbonated
Speaker 1: water down and belched. Is gonna name check it, But
Speaker 1: I'm glad you didn't. Man, we do enough buzz marketing
Speaker 1: as it is. Seriously, we can never do enough of that.
Speaker 1: I agree. Um, So, how are you feeling? Okay? Yeah?
Speaker 1: I feel like this article has ticked me off, though
Speaker 1: it is it's not that that Freud and Rick who
Speaker 1: is that? Yeah, the only PhD how Stuff Works. Ever,
Speaker 1: it's it wasn't he didn't do anything wrong. Like the
Speaker 1: logic behind the copy layout is what does it? It
Speaker 1: is almost like designed to keep from sticking in your
Speaker 1: mind to information you're reading. It's like, it's like if
Speaker 1: a person who in a grocery store put the milk
Speaker 1: together with like the canned spinach in an aisle and
Speaker 1: expected people to be able to find it. All right,
Speaker 1: all right, it's got worse than that. The cheese puffs
Speaker 1: and the game, the cheese puffs and the cash shots.
Speaker 1: Actually the little I can do this. Maybe by the
Speaker 1: end of the episode, I'll have it. But the point is,
Speaker 1: how about the oatmeal with a pickled herring? Okay, it's
Speaker 1: funny that you, like, we're picking things are still in
Speaker 1: the same unit. My imagination died at age ten. I
Speaker 1: just thought I turned into a robot about that. I
Speaker 1: thought it was a pretty dry article though, that was
Speaker 1: like none of the character of How Stuff Works articles
Speaker 1: that it read like a medical journal from the nineteen fifties,
Speaker 1: a diabetes how to article. Yeah, I was like, boy,
Speaker 1: how are we gonna make this fun? Well, that's our job.
Speaker 1: I know. So let's get started making this fun. Huh. Yeah,
Speaker 1: how about some stats, yeah, because these are pretty outdated. Uh,
Speaker 1: it's gotten way worse since this article. It has, and
Speaker 1: we're talking about in the United States, but in the
Speaker 1: last twenty years, type two diabetes has tripled. Eight four
Speaker 1: million Americans now have pre diabetes and don't know. Yeah,
Speaker 1: that's startling. Yeah, we'll we'll get into pre diabetes in
Speaker 1: a minute. And about thirty million people currently have diabetes
Speaker 1: in America type two or total I think total at
Speaker 1: a total cost of um, including lost wages, about three
Speaker 1: hundred and twenty seven billion dollars a year a year. Yeah,
Speaker 1: in the United States alone. I saw worldwide something like
Speaker 1: four hundred million people have diabetes and America makes up
Speaker 1: how many of those? Uh? Yeah, okay, which is surprising
Speaker 1: because it didn't used to be that way. It used
Speaker 1: to be like a wealthy Western disease, and all of
Speaker 1: a sudden it's starting to spread throughout the world, which
Speaker 1: is really kind of shocking and jarring. Like this is
Speaker 1: a huge increase in this disease. It's become a really
Speaker 1: big problem for not just like healthcare networks, but you know,
Speaker 1: the people with diabetes too. They're dying from it something
Speaker 1: like a million and a half deaths a year in
Speaker 1: the world. Yeah, it's it's a seventh leading cause of
Speaker 1: death in the the United States right now. And it's here's
Speaker 1: the thing. It's the type two diabetes is, from what
Speaker 1: we understand, utterly preventable. It looks like it is utterly
Speaker 1: preventable from what from what I've seen. Not one single
Speaker 1: person who has type two diabetes has to have it
Speaker 1: like they were genetically destined to have it, although there
Speaker 1: is some other evidence that we'll talk about that suggests otherwise.
Speaker 1: But I don't want to give anything up. Yeah, but
Speaker 1: I mean we can pretty much say now that it
Speaker 1: is let's just go ahead and say largely caused by
Speaker 1: being out of shape and being overweight and eating like
Speaker 1: terrible stuff all the time. Yeah. I love this article, Chuck,
Speaker 1: because it's one of those ones where it's like, oh,
Speaker 1: all of this makes total sense. Like I love the
Speaker 1: body just like I love Earth sciences. It's just we
Speaker 1: can kind of it forms a system that we can understand,
Speaker 1: and like when you understand this one part, you're like, oh,
Speaker 1: this other part that happens makes total sense. That's diabetes. Yeah,
Speaker 1: I hate the buddy in our sciences, I like um
Speaker 1: mysticism and cosmology and dreadlocks. Oh boy, why do we
Speaker 1: do that show on that? I was thinking of one
Speaker 1: the other day that we did Jackammers. No, it's even
Speaker 1: even worse than that. Oh I can't remember, but I
Speaker 1: was like, why did we even attend that one? Occasionally
Speaker 1: I'll look through the old list when we're picking out
Speaker 1: selects and I should go, what to myself? It's weird?
Speaker 1: All right? So we need to break down did mean
Speaker 1: that pun? A lot of breaking down in this in
Speaker 1: this show, you know what I mean? That was sort
Speaker 1: of a deep that was a foreshadowing punt, how it was.
Speaker 1: But we do need to break down the whole spiel
Speaker 1: with glucose and insulin, because the root of at all
Speaker 1: it's a disorder of glucose disorder. Yeah, it's a disorder
Speaker 1: of both will yeah, either be fair either high or
Speaker 1: low or none? Yeah. So okay, Well let's talk about
Speaker 1: glucose first, all right, Well, before we even talk about glucose,
Speaker 1: we need to define what a simple sugar is, or
Speaker 1: a simple carbohydrate it can be called. These are carbs
Speaker 1: that are absorbed very quickly for energy. And they're called
Speaker 1: simple because they only have one or two units of
Speaker 1: sugar as opposed to like a complex carbohydrate. And glucose
Speaker 1: is a simple sugar, right, And since it's a simple sugar,
Speaker 1: I think that means it can be broken down from
Speaker 1: different types of complex sugars, So not just like sugar,
Speaker 1: but carbs like you said, right, yeah, And this is
Speaker 1: the sugar that gives all the cells in your body
Speaker 1: energy to do sell selly things. Enters the bloodstream through
Speaker 1: the intestine. All the cells are like, give me some sugar, baby, yeah.
Speaker 1: And this comes from the foot food food that you eat.
Speaker 1: It really does. Right. So you eat some food, particularly
Speaker 1: say a carbohydrate rich food, and your guts start to
Speaker 1: break it down and it breaks down ultimately to that glucose,
Speaker 1: the simplest form of sugar that the body can use
Speaker 1: for energy without being stripped down further, and it shoots
Speaker 1: out through the blood stream and it's just a free
Speaker 1: for all. Right. Cells, like you said, use this stuff,
Speaker 1: and some cells in particular use nothing but glucoset, some
Speaker 1: use glucost and like other stuff like a TP, which
Speaker 1: of those red blood cells. Brain cells quite importantly use
Speaker 1: nothing but glucose for energy, So glucose is extraordinarily important. Yeah,
Speaker 1: and what your body wants to do. We always talk
Speaker 1: about that homeostasis. There's another example that your body wants
Speaker 1: to keep a constant glucose supply for your cells. We
Speaker 1: don't want it to be super high or too low. Uh.
Speaker 1: And it does this in a pretty interesting way. Otherwise,
Speaker 1: when we like right after we eat, we'd be great.
Speaker 1: And then if we didn't eat for a while or
Speaker 1: went to sleep at night, potentially our organs shut if
Speaker 1: we slip along. And because again this is the stuff
Speaker 1: that fuels your cells. Your cells need fuel twenty four
Speaker 1: hours a day. It doesn't care whether you're sleeping or not. Right,
Speaker 1: that would solve everything. If your cells went to sleep,
Speaker 1: it would when you slept, they just stop yapping for once. No,
Speaker 1: they're always talk talk talk, which actually I guess it
Speaker 1: is good because again, if your cell stopped working, then
Speaker 1: you die. Right, Okay, So that's glucose energy That power
Speaker 1: sells some cells exclusively, and your body wants to keep
Speaker 1: an eye constant level. Yeah, and you get it through food,
Speaker 1: which could conceivably spike your glucose. So when you eat
Speaker 1: something and all of a sudden, you have a surplus
Speaker 1: of glucose rather than that even keel homeostasis glucose in
Speaker 1: your bloodstream. Uh. Your body has a way of dealing
Speaker 1: with this, and it's called insulin. And insulin is one
Speaker 1: of two chemicals that are made by the pancreatic islets.
Speaker 1: I s l et islets, right, I don't know, did
Speaker 1: you look it up. I think it's islets, like islands,
Speaker 1: like it means like tiny islands. That's probably it. And
Speaker 1: they're they're they're called tiny islands. That's what we're gonna
Speaker 1: call them from now on because I don't want to
Speaker 1: get it wrong for the rest of the episode. But
Speaker 1: they're they're called tiny islands because they're indeed little endocrine
Speaker 1: cells inside your pancreas, so they're they're embedded like a
Speaker 1: journalist with a troop detachment. Basically. Yeah, so you're pancreas
Speaker 1: in uh In in this case is producing to insulin
Speaker 1: and glcagon I'm sorry, glucagon. Glucagon glucagon or alpha cells
Speaker 1: produced by alpha cells and secreted by alpha cells. Insulin
Speaker 1: are the beta cells. All of its produced in the pancreas.
Speaker 1: Like you said, with those little islands. But so let's focus.
Speaker 1: And here's a better one than than a military um
Speaker 1: uh analogy a post office in an airport. It's like here,
Speaker 1: we're gonna serve you, our customers. We're just gonna go
Speaker 1: to you. Do they have those? Yes? Some do? Man.
Speaker 1: I think there's one of the Toronto Airport. Yeah, there is,
Speaker 1: y y z so um who thought that was gonna
Speaker 1: come up? Huh. So you've got these little cells that
Speaker 1: are specialized to create insulin, to release insulin from the
Speaker 1: liver um, you know, from the pancrease, I'm sorry. In
Speaker 1: response to glucost becoming abundant in your gut, as you're
Speaker 1: digesting it, your gut sends out signals saying, hey, I
Speaker 1: got a bunch of gluecoats here. You guys want to
Speaker 1: do something, and the beta cells say we're on it
Speaker 1: and start releasing insulin. So insulin enters the blood stream,
Speaker 1: and its whole jam is to take the glucoast that
Speaker 1: enters the blood stream and give it two cells and
Speaker 1: it doesn't just push it down the cells throats. Apparently
Speaker 1: the cells have some sort of say in whether they
Speaker 1: accept gluecoast or not. But the only The only person
Speaker 1: they're going to accept glucose from is insulin, So insulin
Speaker 1: will take this gluecoast too. Different types of cells and
Speaker 1: with different cells, Um, different things happened to it, right, Yeah,
Speaker 1: Like it depends on what part of your body. If
Speaker 1: you're the liver or muscle cells is going to store
Speaker 1: that glucose and something called glycogen. Yeah, it's like just
Speaker 1: chains of glucose, right. Yeah, it's gonna stimulate fat cells
Speaker 1: to form fats from fatty acids and glycerol. Uh. Then
Speaker 1: the liver and muscle cells is gonna make those make
Speaker 1: proteins from amino acids. Yeah. And these are like the
Speaker 1: three base proteins or based nutrients that you get from
Speaker 1: eating food, right, amino acids, fats, fatty acids, and glucose. Correct.
Speaker 1: And then your body makes use of those because insulin
Speaker 1: deliverism two cells around the body. Yeah, then it's gonna
Speaker 1: inhibit the liver and kidney cells from making glucose. Uh.
Speaker 1: And this is something called gluco neo genesis, which is
Speaker 1: confuse me just a little bit. Why, Yeah, because it
Speaker 1: just I don't know something about the metabolic pathway, Like
Speaker 1: I don't know I didn't fully grasp it. I think
Speaker 1: what it is is that maybe my answer is just
Speaker 1: I'm not smart enough to get I don't think that's
Speaker 1: it at all. If if anything, yeah, that's your problem. Um.
Speaker 1: If anything, it was the article Chuck not you. Well,
Speaker 1: now this article is pretty stinky, but also went to
Speaker 1: kids health sites like I always do. But it makes sense,
Speaker 1: and that like if you will die, if you don't
Speaker 1: have the source of of energy, you're gonna have some
Speaker 1: backup plan. And the backup plan is, well, we probably
Speaker 1: have some constituent parts that we can put together to
Speaker 1: make our own glue cose. So that's like Plan B
Speaker 1: is make your own glue cose. And that's Gluco Neo Genesis. Okay,
Speaker 1: that's what I think. I mean, that's my interpretation. And
Speaker 1: I play a doctor on TV. Dr Drake Remore. What's
Speaker 1: U from those Friends? You probably didn't watch Friends? Did you?
Speaker 1: I saw an episode or two. I love that. Were
Speaker 1: you into Friends? Oh yeah I still am? Yeah, I'll
Speaker 1: watch those reruns. Oh really? Yeah, it's funny. It's very
Speaker 1: dated show now. Oh man, the clothes, the hairs, the
Speaker 1: white people. Yeah, I mean everything about it that they
Speaker 1: hung out at a coffee shop when that was new,
Speaker 1: because if you cast that show today, it would look
Speaker 1: like a Bennetton Colors ad. And rightly so, probably so. Alright,
Speaker 1: So at the end of the day, though, insulin is
Speaker 1: gonna store nutrients right after you eat that meal, but
Speaker 1: by reducing these concentrations of glucose and like you said,
Speaker 1: the fatty acids and amino acids, those three main components, right,
Speaker 1: which is pretty interesting because you really only hear of
Speaker 1: insulin dealing with blood sugar, but it deals with the
Speaker 1: main three nutrients. I didn't know that before, did you.
Speaker 1: I don't think I did. It's a it's a pretty
Speaker 1: handy little hormone to have, and by the way, it's
Speaker 1: a protein hormone. Glucos gets all the headlines it does
Speaker 1: because it's the troublemaker. And we'll see what happens when
Speaker 1: insulin can't do its job. What you get his diabetes
Speaker 1: and the symptoms of diabetes. We'll talk about that later,
Speaker 1: but first let's talk about glucagon. I thought you said
Speaker 1: for a second, the Simpsons of diabetes. The symptoms, Yeah,
Speaker 1: I know the Simpsons. No, the who would have diabetes
Speaker 1: on the Simpsons? Oh? Probably Homer and Wigham, yeah, I
Speaker 1: guess and Barney yeah, and well that will become clear
Speaker 1: as we explain diabetes more. Right, But let's talk about
Speaker 1: glucagon real quick, because you've got insulin doing its thing,
Speaker 1: and it's pretty clear now what insulin does, but there's
Speaker 1: another hormone that does the exact opposite that comes from
Speaker 1: those pancreatic tiny islands too. Yeah, this I thought was
Speaker 1: pretty neat as far as that homeostasis, that the body
Speaker 1: has like two methods to deal with this, you know. Yep.
Speaker 1: So like you said, if you go without eating or
Speaker 1: you um sleep, if your cells don't get that glucose
Speaker 1: that they need, they starve and die. So while you're
Speaker 1: sleeping and not eating, your your cells are still powering.
Speaker 1: They still need that energy. So your body has a
Speaker 1: way to deal with this, and it is by producing
Speaker 1: glucag glucogen, right, Yes, And it's a little confusing because
Speaker 1: it's glucagon and glucogen. Oh yeah, I'm talking about both
Speaker 1: with the G. Glucagon is what I'm talking about. That's
Speaker 1: how your body deals with a lack of a flood
Speaker 1: of new glucost being introduced from food, that's right, And
Speaker 1: that comes from the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets,
Speaker 1: right yeah, and it it acts on those same cells,
Speaker 1: but it just has the opposite effect, which is pretty cool.
Speaker 1: Like in the end, it's gonna like when you're sleeping
Speaker 1: and when you're not eating, it's gonna mobilize glucose and
Speaker 1: where it's stored up your body and say, hey, we
Speaker 1: need this stuff now, right, So it goes to the
Speaker 1: liver cell and the muscles and the muscles and says, hey,
Speaker 1: you remember the the glucogen. Isn't that what the chain
Speaker 1: of it's called, Yes, glycogen. So the the glucagon goes
Speaker 1: to the liver cells and the muscle cells, right, and
Speaker 1: it says, hey, you remember the chain of glucose that
Speaker 1: you made the glycogen the other day, Well, we need it,
Speaker 1: and so break it up and spit it out to
Speaker 1: me and I'll just get it into the blood stream.
Speaker 1: And it does that to the liver and muscle cells. Um.
Speaker 1: It also tells the kidneys and liver It says, by
Speaker 1: the way, liver, while I'm here, why don't you kick
Speaker 1: off some gluco neo genesis to make some glucose. And
Speaker 1: so all of a sudden, the low blood sugar in
Speaker 1: your blood stream comes up to normal, and your cells
Speaker 1: all say hooray, we're saved, and insulin gets a lifted
Speaker 1: up on everybody's shoulders and all the cells carried around
Speaker 1: for triumphant fist shaking um parade. Yeah, and it's pretty
Speaker 1: great because this is all happening when you're sleeping. This
Speaker 1: is right. So all this, this is how your your
Speaker 1: body keeps homeostasis for your blood sugar in your blood stream,
Speaker 1: your cells powered, if you're healthy. If this goes wrong,
Speaker 1: well you'll find out all about that right after these messages.
Speaker 1: So I don't think we mentioned that there is an
Speaker 1: ideal level here, and that's about ninety milligrams per one
Speaker 1: milds of blood for your blood glucose concentration or five millimolar. Yeah,
Speaker 1: and they, uh, you know that you can get this tested.
Speaker 1: They have little strips where you can poke yourself in
Speaker 1: the finger and bleed on the strip. Yeah. So this
Speaker 1: is apparently the most complex thing I've since the breathalyzer.
Speaker 1: You glucose call tolerance test um with a I'm sorry,
Speaker 1: I guess that's not it. It's a gluck glucose meter.
Speaker 1: You prick yourself and bleed onto that little strip of paper,
Speaker 1: like you were saying that the blood react with a
Speaker 1: chemical or with an enzyme I'm sorry. On the strip
Speaker 1: it's called glucose oxidase, and so that creates an entirely
Speaker 1: new compound, gluconate, which combines with another chemical, and that
Speaker 1: turns the strip blue. Right, And so you would think, okay, well,
Speaker 1: if it's blue, it's um it's it's I'm diabetic or
Speaker 1: I'm in trouble. If it's not blue, I'm fine. No,
Speaker 1: what the what the diabetes testing apparatus, I think that's
Speaker 1: what they're called. Does it analyzes the shade of blue
Speaker 1: that that turned? That's that's complicated. That's that's maybe the
Speaker 1: best blue. Really, sure, it's a good second. That's the
Speaker 1: only two blues, right, But I thought that'd be pretty
Speaker 1: cool if that's how I did do it. I I was like, oh,
Speaker 1: this is Robin's like, that's navy, this is cerulean, cerulian,
Speaker 1: you're in trouble. Well, that's not how they used to
Speaker 1: test it though. In fact, the full name for diabetes
Speaker 1: is diabetes, and militis M E L L I T
Speaker 1: U S, and that literally means sweet urine, because in
Speaker 1: ancient times the test involved the physician drinking your urine
Speaker 1: and going taste sweet. You're in trouble. You're in trouble.
Speaker 1: You're in trouble. So if you say that you have
Speaker 1: that sweet diabetes militis, you're saying you've got that sweet
Speaker 1: sweet urine. You know. I wrote a back in the
Speaker 1: day when I was writing spec scripts when I lived
Speaker 1: in l A. I wrote a seventies show script and
Speaker 1: uh it was a Halloween episode where Eric pete his
Speaker 1: pants at a haunted house and the title of the
Speaker 1: episode was urine for a Treat. Oh that's great, man.
Speaker 1: I thought that was enough. It was like, man, they're
Speaker 1: going to see that. That's it. You gotta publish those.
Speaker 1: I'm gonna be I should take that up, surely. I
Speaker 1: mean I don't have like a digital copy. I'd have
Speaker 1: to literally find the paper, take a how many pages
Speaker 1: do you think? I think it was like twenty four
Speaker 1: to thirty perfect, take a photo of each page. Why
Speaker 1: they didn't like it? Posted on Instagram a page day
Speaker 1: for a month. People will go crazy for it. They
Speaker 1: would love that. That's probably one of the better things
Speaker 1: I ever wrote. Oh, good out there like it was
Speaker 1: a legit sevenies show episode. I'll ever tell you about
Speaker 1: the Simpsons script I wrote not enough about. So remember
Speaker 1: the one where it turns out that Principal Skinners actually
Speaker 1: arm In Tanzarian. That's one of the great episodes. This
Speaker 1: one is if you If you remember, you know that's
Speaker 1: Matt Greening's most hated episode. I think he hated that episode,
Speaker 1: that one. I didn't know that at the time because
Speaker 1: I wrote this on spec to hoping that they'd notice
Speaker 1: it um although I never sent it in UM. But
Speaker 1: the at the end of that episode, they the judge
Speaker 1: says that it's you. They're You're never allowed to speak
Speaker 1: of this, punishable by death or something like that. So
Speaker 1: my episode starts with one of Armor tans Arian's old
Speaker 1: friends coming to Springfield to start his life, anew Ida,
Speaker 1: and he sees Principal Skinner and says, hey, arm in
Speaker 1: Armor Tansarian, And all of a sudden the police surround
Speaker 1: him and he's taken away to jail and held UM
Speaker 1: and it gets out he escapes, I think, gets out,
Speaker 1: and then Clinton was president when I wrote this, Um,
Speaker 1: he gets out. Somehow it gets to like Clinton that
Speaker 1: this town is like holding people hostage basically unconstitutionally, and
Speaker 1: so Springfield gets invaded and yours was eighty pages long.
Speaker 1: Uh no, I think it was like appropriately Yeah, I
Speaker 1: think so. Actually, I imagine a different life where uh
Speaker 1: I wrote for the seventy show, that seventy show, when
Speaker 1: you wrote for the Simpsons and we like eight lunch
Speaker 1: together on the Fox slot. Can I that'd be pretty cool?
Speaker 1: You know? Can I tell you something though, I would
Speaker 1: I prefer this. Oh yeah, yes, I prefer what we do.
Speaker 1: As someone who's never written for The Simpsons, I prefer this.
Speaker 1: Hey man, I've been to the writer's room before. I
Speaker 1: know what it looks like to chain him to the desk.
Speaker 1: I like it. We get to we don't have to
Speaker 1: live in l A. Yeah, I like l A. I've
Speaker 1: noticed a lot of our friends from New York are
Speaker 1: starting to move to l A. Have you noticed that
Speaker 1: it's like a hemorrhaging? Al Right, should we get back
Speaker 1: to diabetes, we should probably just edit all that out. No,
Speaker 1: I think that's a nice tangent. Al Right, So in
Speaker 1: the case of diabetes, like we said, um it is, uh, well,
Speaker 1: we already said what it was, but there are three types,
Speaker 1: type one, type two, and gestational diabetes. Type one is
Speaker 1: by far the in the minority. It's um. It says
Speaker 1: here five to timber cent. But I saw like kind
Speaker 1: of a straight up five number for the number of
Speaker 1: diabetes cases overall. Okay, um, But they say five to
Speaker 1: tim percent in this article. Or it's called juvenile diabetes
Speaker 1: or insulin dependent diabetes. Uh. And this is caused by
Speaker 1: a lack of insulin, either not much insulin or sometimes
Speaker 1: no insulin at all in their blood. And this is
Speaker 1: this is clearly genetic, right, it says an also could
Speaker 1: be environmental, but yeah, they think it's possible, possible that
Speaker 1: it's caused by a virus. Exposure to a virus earlier
Speaker 1: in childhood. Interesting that sets off an autoimmune reaction, and
Speaker 1: so your immune system attacks your beta cells that produce
Speaker 1: insulin and just destroys them, and so you don't produce insulin.
Speaker 1: And it happens in your your younger years, maybe adolescence,
Speaker 1: which is why it's called juvenile diabetes. And you when
Speaker 1: you have type one or juvenile diabetes, you are you're
Speaker 1: dealing with it for life. And we'll talk about, you know,
Speaker 1: managing and treating diabetes. Um, but there's no cure for diabetes.
Speaker 1: But the idea that it's possible that this is the
Speaker 1: result of a virus has made some people call for
Speaker 1: research into a type one diabetes vaccine. Interesting, which would
Speaker 1: just change everything for some people. Yeah, because I mean, like,
Speaker 1: I don't like it's certainly not like you get what
Speaker 1: you deserve kind of thing with type two diabetes. But
Speaker 1: type one diabetes. Man, you've got zero saying that's whatsoever. Yeah,
Speaker 1: so type two is the one that's most prevalent between
Speaker 1: adult onset diabetes. That is, when uh, you are usually
Speaker 1: over forty um, usually between fifty and sixty. Even I'm
Speaker 1: so nervous you were usually overweight. Why are you nervous.
Speaker 1: I'm just nervous. I'man end up with type two diabetes.
Speaker 1: By I thought you meant you were going to say
Speaker 1: something wrong. No, I'm nervous. You're nervous about diabetes too. Yeah,
Speaker 1: it sounds like it's virtually predestined that we're going to
Speaker 1: get it. I don't think it's in my family. But
Speaker 1: I'm overweight and forty seven years old, and like, you
Speaker 1: need to get my act together, Like now, yes, you
Speaker 1: know it's not like, yeah, I'll wait another five or
Speaker 1: six years and then tackle it. And there's no reason
Speaker 1: for us to like just put it off until the end.
Speaker 1: We can say, like you can you can reverse pre
Speaker 1: diabetes through diet and exercise. You don't. Even if you
Speaker 1: have pre diabetes. You can, which is you have higher
Speaker 1: than normal blood sugars. We'll see, but you don't have
Speaker 1: full blown diabetes yet. You can actually reverse course, like
Speaker 1: it's not too late doing something like what you're talking about,
Speaker 1: and it's great. This is a wake up called like
Speaker 1: your body literally can inch up to that line and
Speaker 1: if you do the right thing, it can go whoa,
Speaker 1: All right, yeah, I'll back off then. I like, I
Speaker 1: like the way you're going here, Like what I'm saying,
Speaker 1: give me some more less celery, baby, get on that peloton.
Speaker 1: Chuck that that was a buzz market right there. Well
Speaker 1: they're an advertiser with us, are they still? Well? They were,
Speaker 1: and I still have that thing. I love it. It's nice.
Speaker 1: I just need to love it every day, not like
Speaker 1: I love it every couple of weeks. That hill, you know, anyway,
Speaker 1: Type two, like I said, is about and this is
Speaker 1: when you have higher insulin in your blood not lower
Speaker 1: like in the case of type one, right, because you
Speaker 1: have a lot of insulin. It's just not working, which
Speaker 1: is why type two diabetes is also called insulin resistant diabetes.
Speaker 1: Is that right on? Insulent dependent or insulent resistant? Yeah? Okay, yeah,
Speaker 1: so that means that your body is producing insulin just fine,
Speaker 1: but for some reason or another, and this seems to
Speaker 1: be the mystery at the heart of diabetes. Your cells
Speaker 1: don't respond to insulin anymore. They won't say, oh, it's insulin, sure,
Speaker 1: bring me some glucosset, I'll turn it into a chain
Speaker 1: of of glucose. They don't know exactly why, right, I mean,
Speaker 1: that's what I'm saying. That's that's why it's the mystery
Speaker 1: at the heart of diabetes. They don't know what the
Speaker 1: problem is with insulin. If they could figure that out,
Speaker 1: I think that they could actually cure diabetes. Instead, what
Speaker 1: they've learned to to cure is some of the problems
Speaker 1: associated with it, which is but they do definitely know
Speaker 1: it's for sure linked to obesity, Yes they do. So
Speaker 1: that's type two. We'll talk a little more about how
Speaker 1: that actually works. As far as you know the the
Speaker 1: effects that it has on your body. But one of
Speaker 1: the some other research I found was that there's some
Speaker 1: evidence that it's possible that type two diabetes, the actual
Speaker 1: mechanism of it, is the result of folded, misfolded proteins.
Speaker 1: So the same type of thing is like mad cow
Speaker 1: disease or guru that you get from eating like brains
Speaker 1: with some sort of sponge ofform disease. Right, remember that
Speaker 1: we talked about that vaguely, So, um, they think that
Speaker 1: it's possible that type two diabetes is the same thing
Speaker 1: misfolded protein. And the third one it kind of relates
Speaker 1: to type two diabetes. That seems as well, just stational diabetes. Yeah,
Speaker 1: this is Uh. If you're a pregnant woman, you can
Speaker 1: have or acquire I guess gestational diabetes. Um. The good
Speaker 1: news that usually will go away after your baby is delivered. Um,
Speaker 1: but it can put you at risk for type two
Speaker 1: later on. You're more at risk if you're over twenty
Speaker 1: five having a baby, if you have a baby over
Speaker 1: or have had a baby over nine pounds. Oh yeah,
Speaker 1: uh yeah, if you are overweight, if you have a
Speaker 1: family history of it, or if you are African American,
Speaker 1: Hispanic Latina, or Native American Native American Pacific islander, and
Speaker 1: I believe that's it, okay, so um, which is interesting,
Speaker 1: it really is. And I I didn't see anywhere why
Speaker 1: they thought that, I think, really different different ethnicities, Yeah,
Speaker 1: why they would be at a higher risk than I
Speaker 1: don't know. So um, I think that I get the impression, Chuck,
Speaker 1: that there's been like the American Diabetes Association has been
Speaker 1: around for a while and all that stuff, and they've
Speaker 1: been trying to do what they can. But then this
Speaker 1: this enormous spike in diabetes cases in the West and
Speaker 1: now the world has really kind of drawn attention and
Speaker 1: funding to it, and we're now really diving in to
Speaker 1: figure out what's going on. But we haven't figured it
Speaker 1: out yet, which is where we are right now. I'm sorry.
Speaker 1: One more thing, um, gestational diabetes they think can actually
Speaker 1: be passed down as type two diabetes. These to the
Speaker 1: offspring's interesting, that's yeah. Wow. Yeah, So we're just learning
Speaker 1: about all this stuff now. Alright. So symptom wise for
Speaker 1: all three versions and types of diabetes. Uh, Polly, Well,
Speaker 1: why should I say that when I can just say
Speaker 1: you're very thirsty, Polly dips you. You means you're very thirsty,
Speaker 1: you urinate a lot, uh if you're always hungry. Uh if,
Speaker 1: but you are also losing weight and you can't explain that. Yeah,
Speaker 1: I didn't know that part about diabetes. But now that
Speaker 1: I understand diabetes, that makes sense. Yeah, um, glucose in
Speaker 1: the urine. That's sweet, sweet taste of urine. Uh. Fatigued
Speaker 1: a lot, tired, blurred vision specifically like changes in your vision, um,
Speaker 1: numb hands and feet, fingertips, slow healing wounds, and then
Speaker 1: uh abnormally high frequency of infection. Right. So that's all
Speaker 1: the Those are the symptoms, and they'll make sense once
Speaker 1: we explain what's going on behind them, right. Yeah, but
Speaker 1: in some of these symptoms though, in fact, a lot
Speaker 1: of these symptoms can be other things too, which is
Speaker 1: why it's sort of distressing to be doing research on
Speaker 1: this and be like, well, wait a minute, my I
Speaker 1: need glasses to read now. But that also and so
Speaker 1: for forty, I'm tired a lot. That also happens when
Speaker 1: you have a three year old. Um, I have a
Speaker 1: lot of slow healing sores. No, I'm just kidding. My
Speaker 1: phote was just amptutating because I had no sensation. I
Speaker 1: do I get numbness in my hands and feet sometimes
Speaker 1: when I sleep, but that's been happening since my early
Speaker 1: thirties here and there, and that just could be because
Speaker 1: you're you know, I sleep with my arm up and
Speaker 1: stuff like that. So you know, I'm reading this stuff
Speaker 1: and I'm freaking out. Go to the doctor. No I do.
Speaker 1: And last time I went there, my blood sugar was fine.
Speaker 1: I go every March. Oh, you're good, except I didn't
Speaker 1: go this March. I didn't either. I've been going every
Speaker 1: year and then skip this year, and now, um, we're
Speaker 1: about to I think we just found a new doctor
Speaker 1: who specializes in diabetes. I'm so nervous. I'm like, is
Speaker 1: she is she one of those doctors who like is
Speaker 1: like a hammer, so everything looks like a nail. Just
Speaker 1: gonna be like, you have diabetes. I'm gonna trick myself
Speaker 1: into actually thinking it. Yeah. I did the dumb thing
Speaker 1: this year, which was, oh geez, I gain weight last year,
Speaker 1: Like I'm gonna take your off and get back in
Speaker 1: shape like that. I can't this, which is the opposite
Speaker 1: of what you should do. But I was like, I
Speaker 1: can't face my doctor because when I go in there,
Speaker 1: he's like what are you doing, dude. He's very just
Speaker 1: a matter of fact about everything. It's like, what are
Speaker 1: you doing? You want to be one of those old
Speaker 1: guys with diabetes R laying around. He'll say that stuff
Speaker 1: to me. I know. He's like, good, well, you know
Speaker 1: it's up to you. It's good to hear that. Yeah,
Speaker 1: I mean, you need that kind of straight talk from
Speaker 1: a doctor. You know, they say or I've read that. Um.
Speaker 1: Weighing yourself every week if you're if you're trying to
Speaker 1: lose weight, it's bad, No, it's good, or I should
Speaker 1: say I've seen some you shouldn't it's too much. Yes.
Speaker 1: Because your weight fluctual so randomly throughout the week, you
Speaker 1: can get demoralized. You want to do it once a
Speaker 1: week at the same time, usually right after you get
Speaker 1: up the same morning every week, and then you will
Speaker 1: see whether you're going up or down. You'll really be
Speaker 1: able to see four times a week, you're just like
Speaker 1: all over the place. It doesn't make any sense. You
Speaker 1: can't make heads or tails of it. Once a week
Speaker 1: at the same time that makes sense, and it has
Speaker 1: the psychological effect of being like, well, I don't want
Speaker 1: to I don't want to see it go up. So
Speaker 1: I'm gonna, I'm gonna, I'm not gonna. I'm not gonna
Speaker 1: eat that chocolate cigar. Now you have to step on
Speaker 1: the scale. Oh yeah, yeah, Like I said, I weigh
Speaker 1: myself too much, but I'll kick it down to once
Speaker 1: a week. All right, let me know you, thank you,
Speaker 1: thanks for doing that. Oh should we take a break?
Speaker 1: Is it is this episode still going on? All right? Then? Yes,
Speaker 1: all right, we'll be right back. All right, chuck. Yeah,
Speaker 1: Now we get to the point of the article that's
Speaker 1: called let's try and confuse people as much as possible.
Speaker 1: This is where the grocery store starts putting weird stuff
Speaker 1: next to other stuff and expect you to just pretend
Speaker 1: like everything's normal. I tried to just mark the relevant
Speaker 1: parts to make it all makes sense and streamline it,
Speaker 1: and it still was confusing. Great, everybody, I just cracked
Speaker 1: my knuckles. That means it's you just turned to chare
Speaker 1: around backwards. Prepare, Prepare for the monotony. Ready the monotonous droning. Right,
Speaker 1: which is basically, how does this out as a lack
Speaker 1: of insulin affect your body? By Josh Clark. Yes, so, well,
Speaker 1: let's take different ones. Right, you've got um blood. Well,
Speaker 1: see here's here's a good example. You've got glucose appearing
Speaker 1: in your urine above urinating frequently, but logically glucose appearing
Speaker 1: in your urine should follow after it and be in
Speaker 1: the same thing. So we're gonna start with your urinate frequently.
Speaker 1: Poly dipsy I think is what, or no, poly syria
Speaker 1: is what. It's called polyuria. So that just means you
Speaker 1: pee a lot, way more than you normally would if
Speaker 1: you didn't have diabetes. And this is actually easily explained. Right,
Speaker 1: You've got a lot of glucose in your kidneys because
Speaker 1: it's in your bloodstream and your kidneys are you're the filter,
Speaker 1: one of the main filters for your body. Um, and
Speaker 1: so when you have liquid waste, it goes to the kidneys,
Speaker 1: and in that liquid waste is a lot more glucose
Speaker 1: than your kiddies are used to processing, and so they
Speaker 1: become overloaded. There's like a backup of glucos right, pretty simple,
Speaker 1: easy peasy, um. So since there's a backup of this stuff, um,
Speaker 1: the actual the actual thing that shoots urine off to
Speaker 1: your your ethra, right, the tubule illumin it becomes backed
Speaker 1: up with glucost as well. Yeah, because glucose retains water, right,
Speaker 1: which means the tubule alumin says, well, I should probably
Speaker 1: get rid of some of this and I'm gonna start peeing.
Speaker 1: So you start peeing more and more, right, Okay, that's
Speaker 1: one effect of it, and that will also help make
Speaker 1: you thirsty, which is another symptom. That's another. It's like
Speaker 1: a vicious cycle. Right. So you start drinking more, and
Speaker 1: that is another symptom. So you're drinking more, but you're
Speaker 1: just peeing more because there's so much glucose in your blood. Now,
Speaker 1: because there's more glucost in your blood and you're peeing
Speaker 1: out more water from your blood stream than usual, your
Speaker 1: blood actually becomes a little thicker, yes, and you're also
Speaker 1: losing sodium. Okay, right, so you're peeing a lot more.
Speaker 1: You're drinking a lot more, but you're just peeing it
Speaker 1: right out. Your blood is becoming thicker, So your body says, whoa, whoa,
Speaker 1: something's a little off. I need some water and becoming dehydrated,
Speaker 1: sending out this thirst signal isn't working. I'm gonna steal
Speaker 1: some water from the organs, right, do they actually become
Speaker 1: a little dehydrated. But the them as it doesn't solve
Speaker 1: the problem because there's still all that glucose overloading your kidneys.
Speaker 1: You just pee that water out, so again you're constantly thirsty.
Speaker 1: There's a glucose that appears in your PA, which is
Speaker 1: how ancient doctors um said, Yeah, you've got the diabetes
Speaker 1: and you um, your your organs already hydrated, which is
Speaker 1: a bad jam. Yeah, and I think they liken the
Speaker 1: thick and blood to like a molasses consistency, right, not good.
Speaker 1: This article isn't touch on it, but that leads to
Speaker 1: another thing that's usually or often comorbid with diabetes is
Speaker 1: hypertension high blood pressure because you're your your heart is
Speaker 1: requiring more energy to pump this blood because it's thicker,
Speaker 1: and it's actually really hard on your blood cells as well,
Speaker 1: and that can lead to all sorts of things from
Speaker 1: cardiac arrest a stroke. So you can get all those
Speaker 1: in addition to diabetes just from having thick sweet blood.
Speaker 1: Molasses blood dick and sweet is usually good, but not
Speaker 1: in this case. Maybe if it's in the syrup that
Speaker 1: you're eating that will eventually give you diabetes, it's good
Speaker 1: h All right, now where does that put us? We're
Speaker 1: going back up to the top. Yeah, we should, we
Speaker 1: should participate in confusing people along with this article. Right. So,
Speaker 1: the whole reason you have high blood glucose levels UM
Speaker 1: is because your body is not responding to insulin, right, right,
Speaker 1: So because the insulin is running around going guys, guys,
Speaker 1: what what I do? What's the problem? Take this glucose
Speaker 1: and the cells just turned their back on the insulin,
Speaker 1: and the insulince is sad. You'll have a lot of
Speaker 1: insulin in your blood stream, it's not doing anything, and
Speaker 1: so there's some other secondary alarms that your body sets
Speaker 1: off saying we've got a lot of we got a
Speaker 1: lot of insulin in the blood stream, but our cells
Speaker 1: aren't getting any energy. They're starving, so we need to
Speaker 1: start producing our own glucose. Right, And that's where the glucagon.
Speaker 1: The alpha cell secrete that glucagon and those levels rise
Speaker 1: in your blood stream. That acts on your liver and
Speaker 1: muscles like we talked about, to break down that glycogen
Speaker 1: uh and releases well too much glucose into the blood
Speaker 1: in that case, right, which is one reason why you
Speaker 1: suddenly lose weight inexplicably despite eating all the time or
Speaker 1: being hungry all the time, because as far as your
Speaker 1: body is concerned, it's it's all it's pretend like your
Speaker 1: body can't tell that there's a problem with the insulin.
Speaker 1: All it knows is that the cells are starving. It's
Speaker 1: it's like it's lacks some sort of uma to show
Speaker 1: how much um, how much blood sugar there actually is
Speaker 1: in the blood stream, or how much insulin there is,
Speaker 1: and that there's something wrong. It just knows the cells
Speaker 1: are starving, so it kicks off this thing where it
Speaker 1: makes its own glucose, which just raises the levels even
Speaker 1: further and exacerbates the problem. Right, Okay, so you're constantly
Speaker 1: hungry because your body thinks your cells are starving, but
Speaker 1: you start to lose weight despite eating, because it's also
Speaker 1: attacking those stores of um glycogen, those glucose chains, and
Speaker 1: you're just you start losing weight despite eating a lot. Yeah,
Speaker 1: you're tired. That was another one of the symptoms because
Speaker 1: you're not absorbing that glucose, so it's not doesn't have
Speaker 1: anything to burn for energy. Your hands and feet, remember
Speaker 1: I talked about them feeling numb or cold, that's because
Speaker 1: it increases osmotic pressure of your blood, draws the water
Speaker 1: from your tissues. That means your cells becomes everything becomes dehydrated.
Speaker 1: And again that goes back to the kidneys. Uh, the
Speaker 1: water in the blood is lost as urine because you're
Speaker 1: being so much, you're literally pissing it away. Yeah, seriously,
Speaker 1: And that basically that's what makes that blood thicker, which
Speaker 1: leads to poor circulation. It's all. It sounds confusing, but
Speaker 1: it all kind of makes sense in a cyclical way.
Speaker 1: And so the poor circulation leads to its own cascade
Speaker 1: of problems. Right, poor circulation means that you have less
Speaker 1: feeling and sensation in your extremities, which means that if
Speaker 1: you stub your toe or cut it open or something
Speaker 1: like that, you might not even notice. So you have
Speaker 1: a wound that's left of fester because you're not treating it.
Speaker 1: And then and then on top of that, because of
Speaker 1: the poor circulation, your immune system can't go to the
Speaker 1: site and help it as easily, and you're more prone
Speaker 1: to infections, which can lead to gang green, which can
Speaker 1: actually lead to amputation. All because your blood is too
Speaker 1: thick to circulate properly. Right, and that poor circulation is
Speaker 1: also what's going to lead to your changes in vision
Speaker 1: as well. Right, So there's one other thing that happens
Speaker 1: to there's something called keto acidosis, which is where your
Speaker 1: your metabolism basically goes into the fatty acids or the
Speaker 1: fat cells and crack them open and starts burning whatever
Speaker 1: glucose it can. Um. There's there's this thing called ketosis
Speaker 1: where if you're on like a right where you it's
Speaker 1: actually as far as that cans people are concerned, that's
Speaker 1: like where you want to be because you're just burning
Speaker 1: fat cell and you're at this buzzing level. Um, and
Speaker 1: you're you're losing weight, you're not gaining anything you can.
Speaker 1: Your skull is very prominent, it's a beautiful thing. Right.
Speaker 1: Your breath is kind of stinky. Yeah, it'll seem a
Speaker 1: little sweet. Keto Acidosis is not keytosis. Keyto acidosis is um.
Speaker 1: It's it's the same thing but to the nth degree.
Speaker 1: And it can lead to all sorts of big problems
Speaker 1: because the the the acidic keytones build up in your liver.
Speaker 1: I think that can cause stinky breath too, right, it
Speaker 1: can acetone breath, Yeah, and it's that can lead to
Speaker 1: central nervous system problems, heart trouble, and even it can
Speaker 1: lead to coma, yeah, and hard irregularities too. It can
Speaker 1: mess your body at pretty bad. And this can be
Speaker 1: an extreme result of diabetes, which is one of the
Speaker 1: reasons it's life threatening. Man, it's a big deal. It
Speaker 1: is so as far as monitoring this stuff. Back in
Speaker 1: the day, you just had to monitor it every day,
Speaker 1: and some people still do that with the little pin
Speaker 1: prick and uh, they're glucose monitors. But now you can
Speaker 1: add have them, Uh, you can have them built into
Speaker 1: your body. Right. Oh, that's actually that's been around a
Speaker 1: little while. So if you're type one, you have to
Speaker 1: you don't make insulin, so you have to inject it
Speaker 1: artificially from externally. And there's like pumps that you can
Speaker 1: carry around your ware that are connected into your body
Speaker 1: that you just press a button and it um it
Speaker 1: delivers insuline. But you have to test to see how
Speaker 1: much you need at any given time, right, and if
Speaker 1: you if you put in too much insulin, it's gonna
Speaker 1: sweep up too much blood sugar. Because there's it's not
Speaker 1: like there's anything wrong with the communication between your insulin
Speaker 1: and your cells. With type one diabetes, it's just that
Speaker 1: you don't have insuline. So when you put insulin in
Speaker 1: your body, it does, it goes to work like it's
Speaker 1: supposed to. So you have to really walk that fine
Speaker 1: line well and you probably are going to be administering
Speaker 1: it a few times a day to right, and so
Speaker 1: you've ausually around your meals and you want to make
Speaker 1: sure that you don't again put in too much or
Speaker 1: else you're gonna get lightheaded because your brain cells use
Speaker 1: glucoast and if you have too much insulin stopping up
Speaker 1: too much glucose, your brain starves and you pass out. Yeah,
Speaker 1: it's called hypoglycemia. Uh, like you said, lightheaded, shaky um.
Speaker 1: I think most people have experienced that feeling, even if
Speaker 1: you don't have like pre diabetes or diabetes. Just that.
Speaker 1: I mean, people just call it low blood sugar, right,
Speaker 1: but it's actually probably and yeah, I guess it would
Speaker 1: be low blood sugar from an over abundance of insulin. Yeah.
Speaker 1: The only time I've noticed that is when I eat
Speaker 1: uh something super carbi like, and I don't really do
Speaker 1: that for I don't need a lot of breakfast anyway.
Speaker 1: But if I eat just like like a big fat
Speaker 1: bagel for breakfast and then don't eat again till dinner,
Speaker 1: I'll get like a little shaky, yeah, the shakes. Yeah,
Speaker 1: but it almost feels good in a weird way, you
Speaker 1: know what talking about? Not to me, No, it's never
Speaker 1: felt like kind of high, like you're a little high.
Speaker 1: Every once in a while, not every time, but every
Speaker 1: once a while will strike me where I'm like shaky,
Speaker 1: But right here in my chest, in my solar plexus,
Speaker 1: I can kind of feel it glowing a little bit,
Speaker 1: and it's almost it's almost like a weird high. Interesting. Yeah,
Speaker 1: and I is that that's not a normal thing. I mean,
Speaker 1: I can only speak for myself. I do know that though,
Speaker 1: if you are feeling lightheaded or shaky like that, because
Speaker 1: this is because your brain is not getting enough glucose.
Speaker 1: And we talked about the brain was one of the
Speaker 1: specific organs that really needs it. Um. This is when
Speaker 1: you might see someone drink juice or eat a candy
Speaker 1: bar or something sweet just to get that like quick spike.
Speaker 1: But if it goes really really low, you can go
Speaker 1: into what's called uh insulin shock, where you lapse into
Speaker 1: a coma and that's serious business. Oh yeah, a diabetic
Speaker 1: coma is pretty bad because all sorts of bad stuff
Speaker 1: can happen to your brain at that time. So that's, um,
Speaker 1: that's mostly type one. Type two is managed differently, although
Speaker 1: similarly you have to keep up with your blood sugar
Speaker 1: not nearly as frequently as you do with type one,
Speaker 1: but diet and exercise or like they just say right away,
Speaker 1: like if even if you well, let's talk a little
Speaker 1: bit about reversibility, because I saw a new study. Okay, well,
Speaker 1: let's hear it. Here's a new study that's called very
Speaker 1: low calory diet in six months of wait stability and
Speaker 1: Type two diabetes. And this was on the American Diabetes
Speaker 1: Association homepage. Uh, and they did a study basically because
Speaker 1: it's long been thought that even though they say, like
Speaker 1: you know, if you really lose weight and exercise, it
Speaker 1: will really really help you manage your diabetes. But it's
Speaker 1: not reversible, like you've got it for life. You have
Speaker 1: to if you stopped exercising and dieting, you would exactly
Speaker 1: develop the symptoms again, right exactly. But they now say,
Speaker 1: um that it is possible with at least for the
Speaker 1: results of the study. And here's the deal. It wasn't
Speaker 1: a very robust study. It was only thirty people with
Speaker 1: type two diabetes. UM, I think it was they didn't
Speaker 1: have a good enough sample of ethnicities. But some of
Speaker 1: the subject had diabetes less than four years, some had
Speaker 1: longer than eight years. Uh. And they found that and
Speaker 1: this is usually after a very bariatric surgery. But they
Speaker 1: did find the same results of people who just and
Speaker 1: this is dramatic calorie reduction, not just like, well, I'm
Speaker 1: gonna eat a little better like bariatric surgery level calorie reduction. Uh.
Speaker 1: They found that immediately after an eight week low calorie,
Speaker 1: very low calorie diet, twelve of the thirty participants had
Speaker 1: fasting blood glucose levels normal fasting blood glucose levels. And
Speaker 1: then and this is the big finding, after six months
Speaker 1: of maintenance, thirteen out of the thirty, we're able to
Speaker 1: keep that glucose level below that threshold. That means that
Speaker 1: we're seemingly reversible. But they're not making the claim like
Speaker 1: for sure, but thirty people that yeah, I mean that's
Speaker 1: promising that the people that really really lost a lot
Speaker 1: of weight and ate a lot less. An exercise were
Speaker 1: able to seemingly reverse or at least get it down
Speaker 1: to normal. But like you said, if they stopped then
Speaker 1: it it might just come right back. And that fasting
Speaker 1: glucose level is is significant. I don't think we really said,
Speaker 1: but the fast One of the ways that they test
Speaker 1: for for diabetes is, Yeah, you fast overnight, go to
Speaker 1: your doctor and they give you a thing of sugar
Speaker 1: water and you drink it, and then they start testing
Speaker 1: your blood sugar for several hours afterward. And if you
Speaker 1: don't have diabetes, your blood sugar comparatively speaking, doesn't spike
Speaker 1: all that much because your insolence working and doing the
Speaker 1: right thing. So if you have full blown type two
Speaker 1: diabetes and you're in the study and you go take
Speaker 1: a diabetes test and you have regular fasting level diabetes
Speaker 1: blood sugar, yeah, that's pretty significant for sure. Yeah. I
Speaker 1: hope it extract plates onto everybody else. Well, we'll see. Um,
Speaker 1: it's normally controlled through medication oral medication for type two.
Speaker 1: It's not like you're having to give yourself a shot
Speaker 1: every few hours or anything. Um. Yeah, that's that's big.
Speaker 1: There's and there's different ways to to do it. Yeah,
Speaker 1: one one medication and I guess they just tailor it
Speaker 1: to what your specific case might they think it might warrantably.
Speaker 1: But one stimulates the pain crease to release more insulin.
Speaker 1: That's kind of a no brainer. One interferes with the
Speaker 1: absorption of glucose by the intestine. One interferes with the
Speaker 1: absorption of glucose by the intestine. Ones improves insulin sensitivity.
Speaker 1: One reduces glucose production by the liver, stops gluco neogenesis. Yeah,
Speaker 1: one helps a breakdown um of glucose, and the other
Speaker 1: one some literally supplement insulin, which makes me curious, like,
Speaker 1: does that mean that if you if you inject more
Speaker 1: insulin and type two diabetes, you overwhelm the insulin resistance
Speaker 1: or something like that. I don't either, but if you so,
Speaker 1: management is the right word for diabetes, Like you have
Speaker 1: to pay attention to your diet, your exercise, You have
Speaker 1: to test your blood sugar levels depending on what kind
Speaker 1: you have day to day. But there are like a
Speaker 1: lot of apps out there um to help you do that.
Speaker 1: And since we're buzz marketing, you me works with a
Speaker 1: guy or worked with a guy who's the CEO of
Speaker 1: company called Gluco g l O g L O O
Speaker 1: K O, and um, they're one of many. I mean,
Speaker 1: there's a bunch of them. But if you have diabetes,
Speaker 1: this is probably the most convenient time for you to
Speaker 1: keep track of your diabetes because apparently it's a pain
Speaker 1: too to keep up with the tests and all of
Speaker 1: the stuff, the data and so chuck. There's like we said,
Speaker 1: right now, there's apparently it's possible maybe to reverse it.
Speaker 1: But for type one diabetes in particular, because remember you're
Speaker 1: just not producing insulin. They've actually come up with a
Speaker 1: procedure and experimental procedure called pancreatic islet transplantation. Yeah. I
Speaker 1: saw that this has been around since like the sixties,
Speaker 1: but um, like it's not new, but I couldn't really
Speaker 1: find out if it's like the affectiveness of it now
Speaker 1: and like if it's working, Um, is it working? That's
Speaker 1: not good. If there was nothing, if you there was
Speaker 1: no follow ups on it, that's I don't know. It
Speaker 1: says that showed promise, but the big problem was tissue
Speaker 1: rejection where it's so basically they go into a deceased
Speaker 1: donor and they remove their pancreatic islets because remember that's
Speaker 1: where the insulin and the UH glucagon is produced. Yeah,
Speaker 1: that's like the root of the problem. And you put
Speaker 1: it into a like a syringe in a catheter and
Speaker 1: injected into the person with type one diabetes pancreas, and
Speaker 1: supposedly they'll they'll eventually attached to a blood vessel and
Speaker 1: start producing insulin. But if it that's if your your
Speaker 1: the body doesn't reject the door tissue. Yeah, I'm gonna
Speaker 1: follow up on that because I couldn't find a whole
Speaker 1: lot about it and time ran short on me. But
Speaker 1: I do know that that's I mean, it's been around
Speaker 1: legitimately for at least three decades, and then before that
Speaker 1: with like experimentation, so I don't know. It seems like
Speaker 1: they would have had a firmer grasp on the results
Speaker 1: by that, That's what I'm saying it. It's a little like, uh, yeah,
Speaker 1: you know, we'll find out. Gluco. Have you got anything else?
Speaker 1: Gluco the app? Yeah, yeah, go get it. It's pretty cool.
Speaker 1: I checked it out. What did it say? It said
Speaker 1: check me out? No, It's like, I don't have diabetes,
Speaker 1: so a lot of it doesn't make sense to me.
Speaker 1: But from the demonstration video, it seemed pretty robust. Yes,
Speaker 1: and then some Um. If you want to know more
Speaker 1: about diabetes, go check out this painfully confusing article on
Speaker 1: how stuff works by typing that word in And since
Speaker 1: I said painfully confusing, it's time for a listener man. Hey,
Speaker 1: guys want to share some thoughts and comments on the
Speaker 1: Skyscraper podcast. So we got a lot of feedback. We
Speaker 1: got what do we get wrong? Steel? Yeah? Who cares?
Speaker 1: It's not like we were telling people who were going
Speaker 1: to go purify iron and then try to build a
Speaker 1: skyscraper out of it. I mean for the number of
Speaker 1: things that we say, of course we're going to get
Speaker 1: something like dead wrong once in a while. Well, this
Speaker 1: guy was nice about it, uh, and we asked for corrections. Uh.
Speaker 1: Thank you. Guys did a great job, Josh of summarizing
Speaker 1: the issue with the thicker bass I E pyramid not
Speaker 1: being economical for the building owner for recuperating their initial investment.
Speaker 1: You also did a good job bringing up that elevators
Speaker 1: coincided allowed the jump and building height technology would allow
Speaker 1: us to build nearly as tall as you want. You
Speaker 1: just shouldn't be able to find someone willing to pay
Speaker 1: for it. The difference, however, between iron and steel is
Speaker 1: in fact not that steel is more pure iron. It
Speaker 1: is iron with carbon added that increases UH and improves
Speaker 1: the strength and ductility of pure and or naturally found iron.
Speaker 1: Different steels have other elements added in addition to carbon,
Speaker 1: but really carbon and iron are what makes steel steel.
Speaker 1: Other elements have relatively minor impact on the properties, like
Speaker 1: stainless steel has chromium, etcetera. Uh. There are also multiple
Speaker 1: types of footings, not just spread footings. Spread footing spread
Speaker 1: the load on underlying soil or ideally rocked because like
Speaker 1: you said, the columns going straight into the soil would
Speaker 1: push right through. But most, if not all, skyde scrapers
Speaker 1: are so heavy it's it's so far above the rock.
Speaker 1: Then instead of spread footings, they have a deep foundation. UH.
Speaker 1: This looks very similar to a spread footing from the
Speaker 1: bottom of the concrete footing up, but then also have
Speaker 1: columns that reach further into the ground to increase the
Speaker 1: resistance to the sinking. This resistance usually is provided by
Speaker 1: those columns reaching down to very strong rock. Essentially, you're
Speaker 1: creating a large table with lots of legs that the
Speaker 1: whole building is built upon. That as an analogy I
Speaker 1: can get down with. There you go, so look forward
Speaker 1: to coming to another Atlanta show. This is Grant Hollis,
Speaker 1: who lives right here. Thanks Grant, and he went to
Speaker 1: the Pinto show. Grant Hollis man of Steel. That's right,
Speaker 1: and Grant, I would normally just put you on the
Speaker 1: guest list for tickets, but Atlanta is always tight because
Speaker 1: their friends and family, So I'm sorry, we have to
Speaker 1: like claw them from the promoter's hand. Yeah, and we
Speaker 1: have to deny friends and family. Yeah, and they're cheap
Speaker 1: so they don't buy tickets. They're like all right if
Speaker 1: I I'm just not coming pretty much. Uh well, thanks again, Grant,
Speaker 1: and thank you to our friends and family who show
Speaker 1: up or even consider. Shall we go to right Lands shows.
Speaker 1: If you want to get in touch with us, visit
Speaker 1: us at our home on the web, Stuff you should
Speaker 1: know dot com. He you can find our social all
Speaker 1: over the place there, and you can also send us
Speaker 1: an email to Stuff podcast at how Stuff Work. Stuff
Speaker 1: for more on this and thousands of other topics. How
Speaker 1: dot Com