1 00:00:00,520 --> 00:00:03,520 Speaker 1: Dear listener, there are some four letter words that are 2 00:00:03,520 --> 00:00:05,560 Speaker 1: going to drop here, so be prepared. 3 00:00:06,440 --> 00:00:08,800 Speaker 2: You can see hot Iss from where we're standing. You 4 00:00:08,800 --> 00:00:11,440 Speaker 2: can see the buildings across the river. You can see 5 00:00:11,480 --> 00:00:16,000 Speaker 2: the fence right there that divides the two countries. So 6 00:00:16,200 --> 00:00:18,000 Speaker 2: Hottis is right in view. 7 00:00:19,440 --> 00:00:22,200 Speaker 3: It's the cusp of summer as the sun sets over 8 00:00:22,280 --> 00:00:26,960 Speaker 3: La Frontera. I joined doctor Yolanda Leva, a history professor 9 00:00:27,120 --> 00:00:30,680 Speaker 3: at the University of Texas at ol Paso. And there's 10 00:00:30,720 --> 00:00:34,720 Speaker 3: also Da Vidromo, a historian who specializes on the US 11 00:00:34,840 --> 00:00:36,000 Speaker 3: Mexico borderlines. 12 00:00:36,880 --> 00:00:39,599 Speaker 4: Just from this street alone, I mean, you could just 13 00:00:39,640 --> 00:00:43,440 Speaker 4: go building by building and it tells you the most 14 00:00:43,479 --> 00:00:46,839 Speaker 4: important chapters of Mexican American history. 15 00:00:47,560 --> 00:00:50,080 Speaker 3: We are within walking distance of the Paso the North 16 00:00:50,120 --> 00:00:52,760 Speaker 3: the bridge, one of the border bridges that connects al 17 00:00:52,840 --> 00:00:56,280 Speaker 3: Paso to Si La Jus. The Rio Grande River, the 18 00:00:56,360 --> 00:01:00,680 Speaker 3: natural division between the United States and Mexico, snakes below 19 00:01:00,720 --> 00:01:03,680 Speaker 3: the bridge. The three of us are standing in front 20 00:01:03,720 --> 00:01:07,840 Speaker 3: of a red brick apartment building in Segunovarrio, a historic 21 00:01:07,880 --> 00:01:12,200 Speaker 3: neighborhood in downtown al Paso. In the late eighteen hundreds, 22 00:01:12,200 --> 00:01:16,479 Speaker 3: thousands of Mexican immigrants passed through or lived in Segunovarrio. 23 00:01:17,200 --> 00:01:20,400 Speaker 3: It's also known as the Ellis Island of the border. 24 00:01:20,959 --> 00:01:23,600 Speaker 4: Not the other Alice Island. What you original, alis Islo. 25 00:01:25,000 --> 00:01:27,920 Speaker 3: The colorful streets of this neighborhood are full with layers 26 00:01:27,959 --> 00:01:31,399 Speaker 3: of history. Once it was home to El Tostado or 27 00:01:31,640 --> 00:01:32,360 Speaker 3: Don Tosti. 28 00:01:32,840 --> 00:01:37,080 Speaker 4: He was the first Mexican American musician to sell more 29 00:01:37,120 --> 00:01:40,160 Speaker 4: than a million records, and he was a patrico. 30 00:01:41,160 --> 00:01:44,880 Speaker 3: A few blocks down lift Avelaro Delgado, a Chicano writer 31 00:01:45,080 --> 00:01:50,480 Speaker 3: and community organizer. But there's someone else who lived inside 32 00:01:50,520 --> 00:01:53,520 Speaker 3: the red brick apartment building we're standing in front of, 33 00:01:54,040 --> 00:01:58,960 Speaker 3: whose legacy and history has not always been widely celebrated. 34 00:02:00,360 --> 00:02:06,640 Speaker 3: In this exact apartment once lived Teresa Urrea, a Mexican revolutionary, 35 00:02:07,120 --> 00:02:10,640 Speaker 3: a kurandera or healer, and a feminist. 36 00:02:11,080 --> 00:02:14,040 Speaker 4: She was everything. She was a curandera, she was a 37 00:02:14,080 --> 00:02:17,600 Speaker 4: newspaper editor. I mean so many people were drawn to 38 00:02:17,680 --> 00:02:21,000 Speaker 4: her charisma that literally hundreds of people would set up 39 00:02:21,040 --> 00:02:22,919 Speaker 4: tents in front of our home there. 40 00:02:23,720 --> 00:02:27,640 Speaker 3: In eighteen ninety six, Teresa Aurea moved to Alpasso. People 41 00:02:27,720 --> 00:02:30,079 Speaker 3: loved her, They worshiped her like a. 42 00:02:30,040 --> 00:02:34,680 Speaker 4: Saint Teresita became a symbol of a forgotten history that 43 00:02:35,120 --> 00:02:38,560 Speaker 4: was utterly fascinating. I mean, she was like the Selina 44 00:02:38,600 --> 00:02:39,400 Speaker 4: of her time. 45 00:02:43,240 --> 00:02:47,240 Speaker 1: From Fudro media. It's Latino Usa. I'm Maria ino Coosa. 46 00:02:47,720 --> 00:02:51,400 Speaker 1: Today we bring back to life the forgotten story of 47 00:02:51,680 --> 00:03:03,280 Speaker 1: Teresa Urrea, the Mexican Joan of arc Back in two 48 00:03:03,280 --> 00:03:06,880 Speaker 1: thousand and six, the city of Lbaso approved a plan 49 00:03:07,040 --> 00:03:12,120 Speaker 1: to demolish Segundo Barrio, the same neighborhood where Teresaurea healed 50 00:03:12,320 --> 00:03:16,880 Speaker 1: hundreds of people in the eighteen hundreds. Teresaurea was a 51 00:03:16,919 --> 00:03:21,720 Speaker 1: curandera who used herbs and traditional indigenous healing methods, but 52 00:03:21,880 --> 00:03:25,720 Speaker 1: there are also various accounts of Teresa having a special 53 00:03:25,800 --> 00:03:30,640 Speaker 1: power she could heal through her touch. In the late 54 00:03:30,720 --> 00:03:35,200 Speaker 1: nineteenth century, Teresa was a star. Aside from people believing 55 00:03:35,320 --> 00:03:38,760 Speaker 1: she was a saint, her vision of love and equality 56 00:03:38,800 --> 00:03:43,960 Speaker 1: inspired rebellions in Mexico against the dictatorship of Portfedio Das. 57 00:03:45,920 --> 00:03:49,320 Speaker 1: But with time, her miraculous life got erased from history 58 00:03:49,320 --> 00:03:55,720 Speaker 1: books and museums. To understand the story of Teresa Urea 59 00:03:55,960 --> 00:04:00,840 Speaker 1: is to understand what gets remembered and what gets forgotten. 60 00:04:03,120 --> 00:04:07,160 Speaker 1: Two historians Davidromo and Jolanda Leva were part of a 61 00:04:07,320 --> 00:04:12,680 Speaker 1: resistance movement to the city's demolition plan. They created Museo Urbano, 62 00:04:13,040 --> 00:04:16,640 Speaker 1: a space to celebrate the legacy of Segundovarrio. The museum 63 00:04:16,680 --> 00:04:20,640 Speaker 1: included an exhibition in the very same apartment where Teresa 64 00:04:20,720 --> 00:04:26,479 Speaker 1: once lived. Today Teresa Urrea, who at nineteen years old 65 00:04:26,640 --> 00:04:30,040 Speaker 1: was once called the most dangerous girl in Mexico by 66 00:04:30,080 --> 00:04:35,960 Speaker 1: the dictator Porfitio Es. Our producer Maries Kincan is going 67 00:04:36,000 --> 00:04:36,799 Speaker 1: to take it from here. 68 00:04:38,839 --> 00:04:42,880 Speaker 3: Teresaure was born in eighteen seventy three in the last 69 00:04:43,120 --> 00:04:47,640 Speaker 3: Green state of Sinaloa, Mexico. Her mother, Kayetana Chaves, was 70 00:04:47,680 --> 00:04:50,719 Speaker 3: an indigenous woman. She worked in the ranch of Don 71 00:04:50,760 --> 00:04:54,919 Speaker 3: Too mass Urrea, a tall, light skinned rich asandalo with 72 00:04:55,040 --> 00:05:00,960 Speaker 3: Spanish lineage, notorious for his wondering ey. Tetana was just 73 00:05:01,080 --> 00:05:04,680 Speaker 3: fourteen years old when she gave birth to Tenessita, the 74 00:05:04,800 --> 00:05:07,960 Speaker 3: daughter of Tomas Urrea. 75 00:05:08,640 --> 00:05:11,000 Speaker 2: So, if we're looking at it from the perspective of 76 00:05:11,160 --> 00:05:15,120 Speaker 2: society back then, fourteen is a pretty common age to 77 00:05:15,160 --> 00:05:17,880 Speaker 2: get married and to start having children. 78 00:05:18,600 --> 00:05:22,440 Speaker 3: This is Yolanda again Achicana, historian at the University of 79 00:05:22,480 --> 00:05:26,520 Speaker 3: Texas at al Paso, she specializes in border history. 80 00:05:26,880 --> 00:05:30,480 Speaker 2: What is not different is that power relationship that he's 81 00:05:30,520 --> 00:05:35,720 Speaker 2: her employer, so we don't know like did she want 82 00:05:35,760 --> 00:05:40,240 Speaker 2: to have sex with him or or was it forced. 83 00:05:41,360 --> 00:05:43,880 Speaker 2: So if we look at that power dynamic, then I 84 00:05:43,920 --> 00:05:45,760 Speaker 2: think it's very questionable. 85 00:05:46,720 --> 00:05:50,240 Speaker 3: In an interview, Teresa said she was an illegitimate child. 86 00:05:50,760 --> 00:05:54,279 Speaker 3: She was one of nineteen children Don tomas Uria had 87 00:05:54,400 --> 00:05:58,640 Speaker 3: outside of his marriage. As a child, Teresita must have 88 00:05:58,680 --> 00:06:02,640 Speaker 3: stood out as a misty. She's described as having light skin, 89 00:06:02,960 --> 00:06:08,559 Speaker 3: large brown eyes, and long black hair. In eighteen eighty, 90 00:06:08,640 --> 00:06:12,640 Speaker 3: when Teresa was seven years old, Portfirio Diaz's first term 91 00:06:12,680 --> 00:06:17,080 Speaker 3: as president of Mexico was ending a military general. He 92 00:06:17,120 --> 00:06:20,120 Speaker 3: came into office by staging a coup and reigned over 93 00:06:20,279 --> 00:06:24,640 Speaker 3: Mexico for more than thirty years. The general would shape 94 00:06:24,680 --> 00:06:29,400 Speaker 3: the course of Teresa's life. Portfirio Diaz's time in office 95 00:06:29,440 --> 00:06:32,279 Speaker 3: is known as the Portfiriato. He ruled with an iron 96 00:06:32,400 --> 00:06:35,839 Speaker 3: fist and secured his presidency by installing his supporters and 97 00:06:35,920 --> 00:06:41,680 Speaker 3: positions of power. His opponents were sometimes assassinated. 98 00:06:40,920 --> 00:06:45,360 Speaker 4: And he basically controlled the whole shebang. You know, all 99 00:06:45,400 --> 00:06:50,440 Speaker 4: of Mexico, through corruption, through just having the just, keeping 100 00:06:50,680 --> 00:06:54,679 Speaker 4: good relations with the oligarchy in every different state. 101 00:06:55,400 --> 00:06:59,160 Speaker 3: This is Da Vidromo again, the history professor who specializes 102 00:06:59,240 --> 00:07:02,839 Speaker 3: on the borderland. He wrote about Teresa Ourra in Ringside 103 00:07:02,880 --> 00:07:05,880 Speaker 3: Seat to a Revolution, his book about al Paso and 104 00:07:05,920 --> 00:07:13,000 Speaker 3: Sula Huardes's connection to the Mexican Revolution. In Sinaloa, Teresa's father, Tomasura, 105 00:07:13,040 --> 00:07:15,640 Speaker 3: is forced to leave the state because he didn't support 106 00:07:15,680 --> 00:07:19,640 Speaker 3: the Diaz backed candidate for governor. Don Tomasura decided to 107 00:07:19,680 --> 00:07:23,280 Speaker 3: move to another family owned ranch further north in Kawoa, 108 00:07:23,680 --> 00:07:26,520 Speaker 3: a city in the neighboring state of Sonora some two 109 00:07:26,640 --> 00:07:31,880 Speaker 3: hundred miles away. Kayetana and Teresa, who was seven years 110 00:07:31,880 --> 00:07:34,400 Speaker 3: old at the time, were among the hundreds of people 111 00:07:34,440 --> 00:07:38,200 Speaker 3: who joined tomas Urrea in his exile from Sinaloa. For 112 00:07:38,320 --> 00:07:41,280 Speaker 3: all of her childhood and into her teenage years, Teresa 113 00:07:41,280 --> 00:07:43,880 Speaker 3: grew up with her mother in separate quarters from the ranch. 114 00:07:44,400 --> 00:07:47,560 Speaker 3: She grew up in poverty, surrounded by indigenous people like 115 00:07:47,600 --> 00:07:47,960 Speaker 3: her mother. 116 00:07:48,640 --> 00:07:53,520 Speaker 2: Recitore is growing up in this time of great changes 117 00:07:53,560 --> 00:07:57,600 Speaker 2: in Mexico, great economic changes, and the rich are getting 118 00:07:57,720 --> 00:08:01,640 Speaker 2: richer and the poor are getting poorer, and there's a 119 00:08:01,720 --> 00:08:04,800 Speaker 2: little middle class, but it doesn't have much power. 120 00:08:05,800 --> 00:08:08,840 Speaker 3: Teresita didn't go to school until she was nine years old, 121 00:08:08,920 --> 00:08:14,400 Speaker 3: but she didn't want to study. The more and more 122 00:08:14,440 --> 00:08:18,120 Speaker 3: I read about Teresa, the more obsessed I became. There 123 00:08:18,200 --> 00:08:22,480 Speaker 3: was something marvelous or otherworldly about her. The details that 124 00:08:22,520 --> 00:08:27,440 Speaker 3: seeped in through newspapers, interviews and archives were fascinating. Take 125 00:08:27,480 --> 00:08:30,480 Speaker 3: this quote, for example, taken from an interview in the 126 00:08:30,520 --> 00:08:34,520 Speaker 3: San Francisco Examiner in nineteen hundred, where she described how 127 00:08:34,559 --> 00:08:35,360 Speaker 3: she learned to read. 128 00:08:36,120 --> 00:08:38,240 Speaker 5: Later, I felt I wanted to learn how to read, 129 00:08:38,440 --> 00:08:41,360 Speaker 5: and I learned my alphabet from a very very old lady. 130 00:08:42,160 --> 00:08:45,680 Speaker 5: My writing came to me of itself. I wanted to write, 131 00:08:45,679 --> 00:08:48,280 Speaker 5: and I wrote. But how I learned I don't know, 132 00:08:48,559 --> 00:08:51,560 Speaker 5: for I was not taught on the floor of my 133 00:08:51,640 --> 00:08:54,320 Speaker 5: mother's house. I first wrote with my little finger in 134 00:08:54,360 --> 00:08:54,840 Speaker 5: the dust. 135 00:08:55,920 --> 00:08:59,720 Speaker 3: The quotuo hear of Teresa taken from English newspaper articles. 136 00:09:00,320 --> 00:09:03,720 Speaker 3: Teresa didn't speak English, so they are translations and they 137 00:09:03,720 --> 00:09:09,160 Speaker 3: are voiced by one of our producers, Victoria Estra. When 138 00:09:09,240 --> 00:09:14,560 Speaker 3: Teresa was fifteen years old, her mother, Kajitana, disappeared. It's 139 00:09:14,640 --> 00:09:18,959 Speaker 3: not clear why. Like many details in Teresa's life, there 140 00:09:19,000 --> 00:09:21,720 Speaker 3: are things we just don't know that have been lost 141 00:09:21,800 --> 00:09:27,120 Speaker 3: in the historical record. After her mother disappeared, Don Tomas 142 00:09:27,240 --> 00:09:30,080 Speaker 3: Urrea ordered Teresa to move into the ranch with him. 143 00:09:30,840 --> 00:09:35,800 Speaker 3: Teresa's life completely changed. The dirt floors she grew up 144 00:09:35,840 --> 00:09:39,320 Speaker 3: with were replaced by the white adove walls of her 145 00:09:39,360 --> 00:09:44,719 Speaker 3: father's large acienda. Don to maas Urias's mistress, a teenager 146 00:09:45,240 --> 00:09:49,280 Speaker 3: nearly the same age as Teresita, lived in the acienda too. 147 00:09:51,920 --> 00:09:55,319 Speaker 3: At her father's ranch, Teresa became an apprentice to Wuila, 148 00:09:55,640 --> 00:09:59,400 Speaker 3: a Yaki Kurandera who worked for her father. The Yakis 149 00:09:59,440 --> 00:10:04,439 Speaker 3: are in undiadigenous group in Sonora. Through Wila, Teresa learned 150 00:10:04,440 --> 00:10:07,959 Speaker 3: how to heal by using plants, part of an indigenous 151 00:10:08,040 --> 00:10:13,080 Speaker 3: traditional medicine practice known as kurand Rismo that predates the 152 00:10:13,200 --> 00:10:18,880 Speaker 3: sixteenth century. Gurandismo refers to a system of healing practice 153 00:10:18,880 --> 00:10:23,520 Speaker 3: in Mexico, Latin America, and in places with large Mexican 154 00:10:23,600 --> 00:10:31,800 Speaker 3: communities like the US Mexico borderlands. Prior to the Spanish 155 00:10:31,800 --> 00:10:35,760 Speaker 3: colonization of Mexico, there were indigenous healers across the region. 156 00:10:36,480 --> 00:10:42,400 Speaker 3: If you look at traditional medicine among indigenous people before 157 00:10:42,440 --> 00:10:47,640 Speaker 3: the Europeans came, everybody was very specialized. Some people knew 158 00:10:47,679 --> 00:10:52,160 Speaker 3: about plants, some people knew how to work with bones, 159 00:10:52,720 --> 00:10:57,120 Speaker 3: some people knew how to do massages, just like we 160 00:10:57,200 --> 00:11:02,400 Speaker 3: would think of a medical specialization today. It's believed gorandros 161 00:11:02,400 --> 00:11:05,440 Speaker 3: have a special don or gift that allows them to 162 00:11:05,520 --> 00:11:10,040 Speaker 3: cure others, and unlike Western medicine, gourandismo is not limited 163 00:11:10,080 --> 00:11:15,440 Speaker 3: to the physical body. It concerns itself with the psychological, spiritual, social, 164 00:11:15,600 --> 00:11:18,480 Speaker 3: and health needs of a person. That mind and body 165 00:11:18,520 --> 00:11:24,280 Speaker 3: are connected. With Spanish colonization in the sixteenth century, indigenous 166 00:11:24,280 --> 00:11:28,880 Speaker 3: healing methods merge with European practices. The word gourandeo comes 167 00:11:28,880 --> 00:11:31,880 Speaker 3: from the Spanish word kurat, which means to heal. 168 00:11:32,920 --> 00:11:38,840 Speaker 2: So then when the Spanish come and begin to control society, 169 00:11:40,000 --> 00:11:45,000 Speaker 2: they too want to undermine the idea that indigenous people 170 00:11:45,120 --> 00:11:51,079 Speaker 2: have knowledge or can contribute, so they don't want people 171 00:11:51,240 --> 00:11:55,599 Speaker 2: to think, oh, look at this highly specialized medical system. 172 00:11:55,880 --> 00:11:59,599 Speaker 3: Gurandismo was looked down upon by Spanish physicians and was 173 00:11:59,679 --> 00:12:04,760 Speaker 3: even considered criminal. During the Mexican Inquisition, Gurandrismo was a 174 00:12:04,800 --> 00:12:10,320 Speaker 3: prosecutable crime. Characteristics of kuranda Rismo include ritual Catholic prayer, 175 00:12:10,520 --> 00:12:12,800 Speaker 3: the use of plants and herbs, and the belief in 176 00:12:12,880 --> 00:12:18,120 Speaker 3: God or Creator. To become a Kurandea takes years of training. 177 00:12:18,480 --> 00:12:21,280 Speaker 3: It's not something anyone can just pick up. It's a 178 00:12:21,280 --> 00:12:23,920 Speaker 3: commitment that is taken very seriously. 179 00:12:24,520 --> 00:12:28,080 Speaker 2: So it's just like I wouldn't take a biology class 180 00:12:28,080 --> 00:12:32,960 Speaker 2: and say I'm a doctor now. People shouldn't call themselves 181 00:12:33,000 --> 00:12:37,120 Speaker 2: at curandeta if they have not really thoroughly trained, and 182 00:12:37,160 --> 00:12:41,800 Speaker 2: they have a teacher who has trained them. 183 00:12:41,840 --> 00:12:45,000 Speaker 3: Back in al Paso, I'm in the house of Greece Munos. 184 00:12:45,200 --> 00:12:47,400 Speaker 6: My name is Gris Munos. 185 00:12:46,800 --> 00:12:53,120 Speaker 3: A self described moher medicina or a curandera. She burns carwone, mesquite, goppal, 186 00:12:53,480 --> 00:12:58,000 Speaker 3: lavender and tobacco. The smoke fills a room and hovers 187 00:12:58,000 --> 00:13:03,199 Speaker 3: around us, swirling in esses. Grise feels connected to Teresa. 188 00:13:03,440 --> 00:13:05,400 Speaker 3: She has a picture of her and her altar. 189 00:13:06,240 --> 00:13:07,839 Speaker 5: I'm very connected to Teresita. 190 00:13:08,520 --> 00:13:11,679 Speaker 6: She's been watching me a long time, and Terita is 191 00:13:11,679 --> 00:13:12,240 Speaker 6: still around. 192 00:13:12,760 --> 00:13:13,840 Speaker 7: She hasn't gone anywhere. 193 00:13:15,160 --> 00:13:18,679 Speaker 3: Greece is also close friends with one of Teresa's living relatives, 194 00:13:19,000 --> 00:13:23,839 Speaker 3: the Chicano writer Luis Albertore. Like Teresa Greece, was the 195 00:13:23,880 --> 00:13:28,800 Speaker 3: apprentice of Akurandeta for years. Grease works with the spirit. 196 00:13:29,000 --> 00:13:33,800 Speaker 6: I'm not a midwife, I'm not a I'm not a wescera. 197 00:13:34,880 --> 00:13:39,800 Speaker 6: Women tend to find me when they've gotten themselves a 198 00:13:39,800 --> 00:13:40,319 Speaker 6: bit lost. 199 00:13:41,120 --> 00:13:42,800 Speaker 5: Maybe they just. 200 00:13:42,760 --> 00:13:47,200 Speaker 6: Went through a major change, Maybe they need to accept something, 201 00:13:48,040 --> 00:13:53,079 Speaker 6: a death of some type. That's really where I come in. 202 00:13:54,240 --> 00:13:58,880 Speaker 6: I can't speak for all curanderos, but essentially, especially the 203 00:13:58,880 --> 00:14:02,000 Speaker 6: ones that work with the like I do. We're just 204 00:14:02,040 --> 00:14:04,640 Speaker 6: here to help you reconnect. 205 00:14:08,120 --> 00:14:12,920 Speaker 3: In the borderlands, Gandarismo is still very prevalent. The borderlands 206 00:14:13,000 --> 00:14:16,520 Speaker 3: used to be part of Mexico until the mid nineteenth century, 207 00:14:17,120 --> 00:14:20,760 Speaker 3: twenty five years before Theisa was born, but during the 208 00:14:20,800 --> 00:14:26,320 Speaker 3: Mexican American War of the late eighteen forties, Mexico lost Arizona, California, 209 00:14:26,480 --> 00:14:32,120 Speaker 3: New Mexico, Texas, Colorado, Nevada, and Utah to the US. 210 00:14:33,600 --> 00:14:37,000 Speaker 3: Under her apprenticeship with Wila, Esa learned the names and 211 00:14:37,040 --> 00:14:40,360 Speaker 3: properties of more than two hundred herbs. She followed Wila 212 00:14:40,400 --> 00:14:42,920 Speaker 3: around while her teacher did things like helping women give 213 00:14:43,000 --> 00:14:48,400 Speaker 3: birth or treating wounds and illnesses. Then something happened to 214 00:14:48,480 --> 00:14:53,680 Speaker 3: Teresa when she was sixteen years old. There's varying accounts 215 00:14:53,680 --> 00:14:57,480 Speaker 3: on the next set of events. Some accounts say Teresa 216 00:14:57,520 --> 00:15:02,400 Speaker 3: had an epileptic seizure. Reports say an engineering student tried 217 00:15:02,440 --> 00:15:06,080 Speaker 3: to rape her and it gave Teresa a shock induced seizure. 218 00:15:07,600 --> 00:15:12,320 Speaker 3: In either case, after losing consciousness, Teresa fell into a coma. 219 00:15:12,880 --> 00:15:13,760 Speaker 2: They think she's dead. 220 00:15:16,040 --> 00:15:19,200 Speaker 3: ESA's father put his ear against her chest to listen 221 00:15:19,280 --> 00:15:24,400 Speaker 3: for a heartbeat, but he couldn't hear anything. He ordered 222 00:15:24,400 --> 00:15:28,400 Speaker 3: a coffin to be built. They prepared that Esa for 223 00:15:28,480 --> 00:15:32,440 Speaker 3: a wake, dressed her in a white dress. They placed 224 00:15:32,440 --> 00:15:36,119 Speaker 3: her body on a table and surrounded her body with candles. 225 00:15:37,320 --> 00:15:43,800 Speaker 6: So they make her a casket and in Elvelorio, she 226 00:15:43,880 --> 00:15:44,640 Speaker 6: wakes up. 227 00:15:46,600 --> 00:15:51,120 Speaker 3: And everyone is like holy shit. After waking up, that 228 00:15:51,280 --> 00:15:53,880 Speaker 3: Esa predicted that in three days they were going to 229 00:15:53,920 --> 00:15:55,600 Speaker 3: need the coffin for someone else. 230 00:15:56,880 --> 00:15:58,960 Speaker 6: And then Wila died. 231 00:16:01,400 --> 00:16:04,840 Speaker 3: Three days later, Teresa's teacher was found in her room. 232 00:16:05,480 --> 00:16:09,320 Speaker 3: It looked like she passed away peacefully. The cause of 233 00:16:09,360 --> 00:16:13,080 Speaker 3: her death wasn't clear, but people speculated she died from 234 00:16:13,120 --> 00:16:15,200 Speaker 3: old age or exhaustion. 235 00:16:15,320 --> 00:16:19,120 Speaker 6: And they buried Wila in the casket they had made. 236 00:16:18,880 --> 00:16:20,160 Speaker 7: For Terracita. 237 00:16:23,080 --> 00:16:27,080 Speaker 1: Coming up on Latino Usa. Teresa Rea wakes up from 238 00:16:27,120 --> 00:16:32,200 Speaker 1: her coma with a newfound power. She can miraculously heal 239 00:16:32,360 --> 00:17:21,240 Speaker 1: people through touch. Stay with us, Hey, we're back. When 240 00:17:21,280 --> 00:17:24,199 Speaker 1: we left off, Teresa Rea had woken up from a 241 00:17:24,280 --> 00:17:27,880 Speaker 1: coma and had predicted the death of her mentor, Weela 242 00:17:28,240 --> 00:17:33,640 Speaker 1: a Yaqui Grandea. Now Deesa realizes she has a new 243 00:17:34,040 --> 00:17:38,320 Speaker 1: miraculous power. Producer Marieskinka is going to pick up the 244 00:17:38,320 --> 00:17:39,120 Speaker 1: story from here. 245 00:17:41,680 --> 00:17:45,960 Speaker 3: After waking up from her coma, Teresa was a normal 246 00:17:47,320 --> 00:17:50,480 Speaker 3: she fell into a trance that lasted three months and 247 00:17:50,640 --> 00:17:55,520 Speaker 3: eighteen days. In an article from the San Francisco Examiner, 248 00:17:55,960 --> 00:18:00,320 Speaker 3: Teresaure said she didn't remember anything that happened during those 249 00:18:00,400 --> 00:18:01,520 Speaker 3: three months. 250 00:18:02,320 --> 00:18:05,320 Speaker 5: They tell me those who saw me, that I could 251 00:18:05,359 --> 00:18:08,760 Speaker 5: move about, that they had to feed me, that I 252 00:18:08,840 --> 00:18:11,480 Speaker 5: talked strange things about God and religion. 253 00:18:13,680 --> 00:18:17,080 Speaker 3: During this trance, Teresa said she had a vision the 254 00:18:17,200 --> 00:18:20,359 Speaker 3: archangel Gabriel appeared to her as a young man. He 255 00:18:20,480 --> 00:18:24,160 Speaker 3: delivered her a letter. It urged everyone to repent from 256 00:18:24,200 --> 00:18:27,040 Speaker 3: their sins, believe in Jesus, and they would be cured. 257 00:18:28,480 --> 00:18:32,240 Speaker 3: When she finally returned to full consciousness, Teresa had a gift. 258 00:18:32,920 --> 00:18:36,800 Speaker 3: She could heal people through touch. One of the people 259 00:18:36,880 --> 00:18:40,000 Speaker 3: she cured in Kavora was Marianna, a woman in her 260 00:18:40,040 --> 00:18:44,560 Speaker 3: twenties that couldn't walk. After Teresa cured her, Marianna was 261 00:18:44,600 --> 00:18:47,600 Speaker 3: able to walk again, and she became her devout, loyal 262 00:18:47,680 --> 00:18:52,640 Speaker 3: friend and assistant. Teresa described a change happening within her 263 00:18:52,680 --> 00:18:53,800 Speaker 3: when she healed people. 264 00:18:54,640 --> 00:18:56,960 Speaker 5: I could still if I touched people or rub them 265 00:18:57,119 --> 00:18:59,880 Speaker 5: make them well. I felt in me only the wish 266 00:18:59,920 --> 00:19:02,679 Speaker 5: to do good in the world. I spoke much to 267 00:19:02,720 --> 00:19:05,760 Speaker 5: the people about God, not about the church or to 268 00:19:05,800 --> 00:19:09,159 Speaker 5: tell them to go to church, but about God. I 269 00:19:09,320 --> 00:19:12,320 Speaker 5: told them what I believe, that God is the spirit 270 00:19:12,400 --> 00:19:14,960 Speaker 5: of love, that we who we are in the world, 271 00:19:15,400 --> 00:19:19,800 Speaker 5: must love one another and live in peace, otherwise we 272 00:19:19,880 --> 00:19:23,240 Speaker 5: offend God. 273 00:19:24,320 --> 00:19:29,560 Speaker 3: Word quickly spread about the miraculous healer. Hundreds of people 274 00:19:29,680 --> 00:19:33,680 Speaker 3: started visiting her father's ranch in Kawarah. They traveled long 275 00:19:33,760 --> 00:19:37,600 Speaker 3: distances and were often poor and indigenous people of the region, 276 00:19:38,440 --> 00:19:43,440 Speaker 3: the Yaqui and Mayo Indians. That Isa refused to charge 277 00:19:43,440 --> 00:19:44,800 Speaker 3: for her services. 278 00:19:45,200 --> 00:19:47,560 Speaker 5: I have no wish to be paid. I do not 279 00:19:47,680 --> 00:19:50,679 Speaker 5: care for find things or find houses or money. I 280 00:19:50,720 --> 00:19:52,160 Speaker 5: will refuse no one to help. 281 00:19:54,800 --> 00:19:58,480 Speaker 3: Aside from her healing powers, there were other supernatural phenomena 282 00:19:58,720 --> 00:19:59,800 Speaker 3: associated with her. 283 00:20:00,560 --> 00:20:04,640 Speaker 4: Her family members believed that she was able to predict 284 00:20:04,760 --> 00:20:08,040 Speaker 4: even when people were about to arrive that she had 285 00:20:08,160 --> 00:20:10,680 Speaker 4: no knowledge of. She would say this such and such 286 00:20:10,680 --> 00:20:13,199 Speaker 4: a person that is going to come tomorrow, and they 287 00:20:13,240 --> 00:20:17,760 Speaker 4: would She could predict rain, She could predict deaths in 288 00:20:17,800 --> 00:20:18,360 Speaker 4: the family. 289 00:20:19,119 --> 00:20:24,439 Speaker 3: She had other strange qualities, and people would say that 290 00:20:25,240 --> 00:20:28,280 Speaker 3: she admitted an aroma of roses, like so many people 291 00:20:28,359 --> 00:20:32,480 Speaker 3: would say that, like she just smelt like roses. There 292 00:20:32,520 --> 00:20:36,359 Speaker 3: are also accounts of her quote unquote astro projecting. 293 00:20:36,560 --> 00:20:39,159 Speaker 2: Like she could travel out of her body and she 294 00:20:39,200 --> 00:20:42,119 Speaker 2: could describe places she had never been. And it's not 295 00:20:42,160 --> 00:20:44,840 Speaker 2: like she had the internet right where we could fake it. 296 00:20:45,960 --> 00:20:48,840 Speaker 3: People began to call her a saint and worshiped her 297 00:20:48,920 --> 00:20:52,040 Speaker 3: like one. They called her Santa Theresa, la Santa de 298 00:20:52,760 --> 00:20:57,880 Speaker 3: Santa de Risita. She was only sixteen years old. They 299 00:20:57,920 --> 00:21:01,600 Speaker 3: created prayer cards with her image. In one prayer card, 300 00:21:01,680 --> 00:21:05,199 Speaker 3: she stoically stands. She's dressed in a black dress that 301 00:21:05,240 --> 00:21:09,560 Speaker 3: covers her arms. A long black cross hangs from her neck. 302 00:21:10,240 --> 00:21:13,920 Speaker 3: Her black hair is wrapped in a braided bun angels 303 00:21:13,920 --> 00:21:18,400 Speaker 3: surround her. Two turubs hold a crown they are placing 304 00:21:18,480 --> 00:21:21,680 Speaker 3: over her head. Her gaze is looking at the distance. 305 00:21:23,680 --> 00:21:26,760 Speaker 3: They built wooden statues of her to venerate her like 306 00:21:26,840 --> 00:21:30,560 Speaker 3: a saint. Teresa said she was not a saint. That 307 00:21:30,680 --> 00:21:34,080 Speaker 3: you don't need the mediation of the church or priest 308 00:21:34,320 --> 00:21:38,560 Speaker 3: to cure, an idea that she repeated more than once. 309 00:21:39,320 --> 00:21:42,800 Speaker 3: In doing so, she challenged the authority of the Catholic Church, 310 00:21:43,480 --> 00:21:48,160 Speaker 3: one of the most powerful institutions in Mexico even today. 311 00:21:49,080 --> 00:21:51,640 Speaker 5: I felt that God willed that I should heal them, 312 00:21:52,080 --> 00:21:55,119 Speaker 5: and when they asked me, I did so. No, I 313 00:21:55,119 --> 00:21:57,960 Speaker 5: do not think prayer is necessary, nor does one have 314 00:21:58,000 --> 00:22:00,960 Speaker 5: to believe in me to be cured. If I can cure, 315 00:22:01,200 --> 00:22:01,640 Speaker 5: I can. 316 00:22:05,480 --> 00:22:08,919 Speaker 3: Priests announced her as a heretic and impostor and evil worker. 317 00:22:09,600 --> 00:22:13,080 Speaker 3: The clergy threatened to excommunicate everyone that seeked her help. 318 00:22:14,080 --> 00:22:16,719 Speaker 3: Here's Grise again, the Kuranda from al Paso. 319 00:22:17,400 --> 00:22:20,360 Speaker 6: They saw her like a living saint. So you can 320 00:22:20,400 --> 00:22:27,600 Speaker 6: imagine what heresy to call a teenage girl Asantha, right, 321 00:22:28,520 --> 00:22:33,720 Speaker 6: a living teen girl Asanta. So she became a problem. 322 00:22:34,000 --> 00:22:37,080 Speaker 6: In those times, the only people that could talk to 323 00:22:37,200 --> 00:22:40,120 Speaker 6: God were priests. 324 00:22:39,640 --> 00:22:42,160 Speaker 3: From a young age. That is, I was breaking all 325 00:22:42,240 --> 00:22:44,600 Speaker 3: sorts of traditional norms and rules. 326 00:22:45,040 --> 00:22:50,880 Speaker 6: She was completely considered heretical and completely forward for her 327 00:22:50,960 --> 00:22:52,800 Speaker 6: time in every way. 328 00:22:53,880 --> 00:22:57,880 Speaker 3: At the same time, the power of dictator Porfido Dias 329 00:22:57,920 --> 00:23:02,240 Speaker 3: only kept growing. Under the Porto, thousands of Yakis were 330 00:23:02,280 --> 00:23:06,080 Speaker 3: taken from their lands and expelled as slaves to Yucatan. 331 00:23:06,720 --> 00:23:08,760 Speaker 3: Here's la viv romo again. 332 00:23:09,960 --> 00:23:15,840 Speaker 4: So Porfilioias in Sonora carried out this very destructive warfare 333 00:23:15,840 --> 00:23:21,160 Speaker 4: against the indigenous Yaki population and would send the Yakis 334 00:23:21,280 --> 00:23:27,119 Speaker 4: to southern Mexico to virtual death camps and slave camps. 335 00:23:29,080 --> 00:23:32,439 Speaker 3: Teresa was often visited by the Yaquis in Kawora, and 336 00:23:32,520 --> 00:23:37,240 Speaker 3: she was sympathetic to their uprisings. She often defended them 337 00:23:37,320 --> 00:23:39,840 Speaker 3: and said they had the god given right to fight 338 00:23:39,880 --> 00:23:43,480 Speaker 3: for their land and freedom, and later interviews with The 339 00:23:43,480 --> 00:23:47,400 Speaker 3: New York Journal, she described watching Yaki children not even 340 00:23:47,480 --> 00:23:52,040 Speaker 3: three years old being lynched. She called the Yakis the 341 00:23:52,119 --> 00:23:57,080 Speaker 3: bravest and most persecuted people in the world. This at 342 00:23:57,080 --> 00:23:59,960 Speaker 3: a time when opposing the Diaz regime was deadly. 343 00:24:01,119 --> 00:24:05,800 Speaker 4: So told the Yakis to fight for their lands, and 344 00:24:05,840 --> 00:24:08,760 Speaker 4: of course this brought the enmity of Corfiolias. 345 00:24:10,000 --> 00:24:15,159 Speaker 3: While Teresa never took arms, she inspired rebellions. This was 346 00:24:15,200 --> 00:24:18,560 Speaker 3: the case in one small town called Tomochik, located in 347 00:24:18,560 --> 00:24:21,880 Speaker 3: the Sierra Madre of Chihuahua, about two hundred miles away 348 00:24:21,880 --> 00:24:26,399 Speaker 3: from Alpaso. After hearing about Teresa's power, Kruz Travis, the 349 00:24:26,480 --> 00:24:29,919 Speaker 3: leader of Tomochic, and other villagers traveled to Kabora to 350 00:24:29,920 --> 00:24:34,600 Speaker 3: meet with Teresa. They witnessed hundreds of people camped out 351 00:24:34,640 --> 00:24:38,000 Speaker 3: at her father's ranch. They had heard of Teresa's healing 352 00:24:38,119 --> 00:24:41,720 Speaker 3: powers and visited her to be cured. They were moved 353 00:24:41,720 --> 00:24:46,520 Speaker 3: by her vision of love. Kruz Travis, the Tomosik leader, 354 00:24:46,600 --> 00:24:52,240 Speaker 3: and Teresa became friends and started exchanging letters. When the 355 00:24:52,320 --> 00:24:57,440 Speaker 3: villagers returned to Tomochik, they decided to only worship living saints. 356 00:24:57,920 --> 00:25:00,720 Speaker 3: They replaced the statue of a dead Sig with the 357 00:25:00,760 --> 00:25:05,080 Speaker 3: statue of a living Teresa. They chose La Sante caoa 358 00:25:05,359 --> 00:25:11,280 Speaker 3: deterresita as the official guardian of the town. This brought 359 00:25:11,280 --> 00:25:14,359 Speaker 3: the great ire of a local priest, who threatened to 360 00:25:14,440 --> 00:25:19,720 Speaker 3: excommunicate every Tomochko who believed in Teresa. When they refused 361 00:25:19,760 --> 00:25:23,080 Speaker 3: to obey, the priests sent out a message to the government. 362 00:25:24,359 --> 00:25:30,119 Speaker 3: Porfido Dias ordered the rebels to be quickly and severely punished. 363 00:25:30,800 --> 00:25:34,320 Speaker 4: And Porfioria sends hundreds of troops to utterly destroy the 364 00:25:34,480 --> 00:25:35,080 Speaker 4: entire town. 365 00:25:36,880 --> 00:25:39,920 Speaker 3: The rebels flinged themselves into a fight they were destined 366 00:25:39,920 --> 00:25:45,040 Speaker 3: to lose, shouting Viva la Santa Kaura. According to Romo, 367 00:25:45,160 --> 00:25:48,840 Speaker 3: they killed six hundred federal troops, but the Mexican government 368 00:25:48,960 --> 00:25:52,959 Speaker 3: led a ruthless fight. They set fire to the village, 369 00:25:53,240 --> 00:25:56,320 Speaker 3: killed women and children. They stacked the bodies of the 370 00:25:56,359 --> 00:26:01,080 Speaker 3: dead with their leader, Cruise Travis on top. Not one 371 00:26:01,160 --> 00:26:04,120 Speaker 3: boy or man over the age of thirteen survived, according 372 00:26:04,119 --> 00:26:08,240 Speaker 3: to historians, So. 373 00:26:08,280 --> 00:26:11,720 Speaker 4: I was just kind of a vicious, vicious attack on 374 00:26:11,800 --> 00:26:17,960 Speaker 4: anyone that would challenge the power of the dictator of Mexico. 375 00:26:18,000 --> 00:26:18,639 Speaker 4: At that time. 376 00:26:19,840 --> 00:26:25,439 Speaker 3: The Mexican government claimed that Asita incited the rebellion. She 377 00:26:25,640 --> 00:26:29,280 Speaker 3: always denied any involvement in any uprisings, but she also 378 00:26:29,400 --> 00:26:34,359 Speaker 3: defended them. She believed revolution was necessary when people were oppressed. 379 00:26:36,040 --> 00:26:39,800 Speaker 3: When she was nineteen years old, Porfidio Diaz exiled Teresa 380 00:26:39,840 --> 00:26:44,280 Speaker 3: from Mexico. I can't help thinking of Teresa's power, of 381 00:26:44,320 --> 00:26:47,600 Speaker 3: the fact that men threw themselves into a revolution while 382 00:26:47,680 --> 00:26:48,760 Speaker 3: screaming her name. 383 00:26:50,359 --> 00:26:53,960 Speaker 2: Porfiodias had said she was the most dangerous girl in Mexico, 384 00:26:54,840 --> 00:26:58,439 Speaker 2: and she was a teenager. So what would make a 385 00:26:58,520 --> 00:27:05,320 Speaker 2: teenager dangerous to a dictator with incredible power and incredible 386 00:27:05,400 --> 00:27:09,439 Speaker 2: policing power. You know that to me shows you the 387 00:27:09,520 --> 00:27:13,160 Speaker 2: power of her love and the power of her vision, 388 00:27:14,440 --> 00:27:20,640 Speaker 2: which was that everyone should be equal, men and women, mestisos, blancos, 389 00:27:21,600 --> 00:27:24,000 Speaker 2: indigenous people, everybody's human. 390 00:27:33,320 --> 00:27:36,679 Speaker 3: After being exiled from Mexico in eighteen ninety two, Teresa 391 00:27:36,800 --> 00:27:41,280 Speaker 3: lived in Nogles, Arizona. By then, Teresa was already a star. 392 00:27:41,920 --> 00:27:44,959 Speaker 3: The world press had been covering her miraculous cures for 393 00:27:45,040 --> 00:27:47,240 Speaker 3: two years. At that point, she. 394 00:27:47,280 --> 00:27:50,360 Speaker 4: Was in the newspapers all the time, the local newspapers, 395 00:27:50,960 --> 00:27:54,760 Speaker 4: newspapers in Mexico City, and there were articles like from 396 00:27:54,760 --> 00:27:57,080 Speaker 4: all over the United States about her, you know, the 397 00:27:57,080 --> 00:27:59,960 Speaker 4: New York Times, and I know that there were people 398 00:28:00,119 --> 00:28:03,560 Speaker 4: from France writing letters to her. So this is like 399 00:28:04,040 --> 00:28:07,400 Speaker 4: mega superstar in the world of the eighteen nineties. 400 00:28:08,359 --> 00:28:12,280 Speaker 3: Reading the articles, it seems there's almost an obsession with her. 401 00:28:13,000 --> 00:28:16,360 Speaker 3: They often start by focusing on her looks. They call 402 00:28:16,440 --> 00:28:21,120 Speaker 3: her beautiful. In one article, she's described as Mexican in hue, 403 00:28:21,480 --> 00:28:27,080 Speaker 3: with large, handsome eyes, hypnotic. Some people call them raven haired, tall, 404 00:28:27,240 --> 00:28:31,920 Speaker 3: and slender. Another article is headlined she is not pretty. 405 00:28:32,480 --> 00:28:34,480 Speaker 3: It goes on to say that she is not ugly, 406 00:28:34,640 --> 00:28:38,120 Speaker 3: but she has quote a squatty figure and a round, 407 00:28:38,240 --> 00:28:42,600 Speaker 3: fat face, just as hundreds of ordinary Mexican women have. 408 00:28:43,680 --> 00:28:47,840 Speaker 3: They speculate and scrutinize her cures. One article mentions American 409 00:28:47,880 --> 00:28:51,360 Speaker 3: physicians don't take her seriously because she doesn't practice germ 410 00:28:51,440 --> 00:28:54,160 Speaker 3: theory and touches the hands of the people she helps. 411 00:28:55,120 --> 00:28:59,840 Speaker 3: Many describe Americans looking at her with amusement, some newspapers 412 00:29:00,520 --> 00:29:04,560 Speaker 3: a miraculous healer and others a crazy saint. They call 413 00:29:04,640 --> 00:29:07,680 Speaker 3: her the living patron saint of the Indians. There are 414 00:29:07,800 --> 00:29:12,200 Speaker 3: very few articles that actually include interviews with her. Either way, 415 00:29:12,360 --> 00:29:17,040 Speaker 3: it seems they couldn't stop talking about her. After living 416 00:29:17,040 --> 00:29:19,760 Speaker 3: in Arizona, she moved to Albaso in eighteen ninety six. 417 00:29:20,280 --> 00:29:23,280 Speaker 3: Hundreds of people gathered at the Union Depot train station 418 00:29:23,480 --> 00:29:28,320 Speaker 3: awaiting her arrival. People would spend hours trying to catch 419 00:29:28,600 --> 00:29:32,320 Speaker 3: just a glimpse of Teresa An I'll Passotimes article from 420 00:29:32,320 --> 00:29:37,120 Speaker 3: that time reports, I imagine it, the hordes of people 421 00:29:37,560 --> 00:29:41,880 Speaker 3: pushing up against each other, tiptoeing over each other's shoulders, 422 00:29:42,560 --> 00:29:45,640 Speaker 3: the buzz and excitement in the air, the way they 423 00:29:45,680 --> 00:29:49,120 Speaker 3: must have screened her name when the train arrived, how 424 00:29:49,120 --> 00:29:53,000 Speaker 3: they must have roared. No less than three thousand people 425 00:29:53,120 --> 00:29:55,400 Speaker 3: visited her house on the day she arrived. 426 00:29:55,520 --> 00:30:00,480 Speaker 8: The article noted, she would stand there, yegawan, you know, 427 00:30:00,720 --> 00:30:04,600 Speaker 8: hundreds of people, the line would be completely down, Segondo Barrio, 428 00:30:05,280 --> 00:30:07,280 Speaker 8: and she would heal them with her hands. 429 00:30:08,720 --> 00:30:11,520 Speaker 3: Teresa would act. Calculated that she cured up to two 430 00:30:11,600 --> 00:30:15,760 Speaker 3: hundred people a day, and I'll passo from six in 431 00:30:15,840 --> 00:30:18,800 Speaker 3: the morning to nine at night that Issa cared for 432 00:30:18,880 --> 00:30:23,400 Speaker 3: the ill. Various accounts exist of her healing work and 433 00:30:23,520 --> 00:30:29,080 Speaker 3: her miracles. She cured people suffering from smallpox, leprosy. She 434 00:30:29,240 --> 00:30:33,480 Speaker 3: touched people who were paralyzed and they could suddenly walk again. 435 00:30:34,840 --> 00:30:38,120 Speaker 3: The al Paso Times reporter also described that Asa looking 436 00:30:38,200 --> 00:30:39,000 Speaker 3: pale and weak. 437 00:30:39,680 --> 00:30:42,280 Speaker 2: She wasn't taking care of herself, because how can you 438 00:30:42,320 --> 00:30:45,040 Speaker 2: see hundreds of people per day? And then she must 439 00:30:45,080 --> 00:30:47,480 Speaker 2: have been under a lot of pressure because there were 440 00:30:47,600 --> 00:30:49,480 Speaker 2: thousands of people waiting to see her. 441 00:30:50,160 --> 00:30:53,960 Speaker 3: Throughout her life, her connections to the Mexican Revolution continue, 442 00:30:54,160 --> 00:30:57,680 Speaker 3: earning her the title the Mexican Joan of arc and 443 00:30:57,720 --> 00:31:02,760 Speaker 3: I'll passo. Teresa co edited Elyne Bendiente, an anti DS newspaper. 444 00:31:03,240 --> 00:31:05,160 Speaker 3: Some of the articles have her signature. 445 00:31:05,760 --> 00:31:09,840 Speaker 4: During this period, they were about forty Spanish language newspapers 446 00:31:10,280 --> 00:31:14,680 Speaker 4: in Alpaso, and the large majority of them were anti ideas. 447 00:31:14,880 --> 00:31:19,120 Speaker 4: They were anti the dictatorship of Mexico, and Soesita was 448 00:31:19,200 --> 00:31:22,400 Speaker 4: part of that movement, you know, like she she was 449 00:31:22,480 --> 00:31:24,800 Speaker 4: spreading the seat, spreading the ideas. 450 00:31:25,680 --> 00:31:29,120 Speaker 3: Throughout her life, Teresa was vocal about the Mexican government's 451 00:31:29,200 --> 00:31:31,200 Speaker 3: exploitation of indigenous people. 452 00:31:31,720 --> 00:31:34,800 Speaker 5: I pity the Indians of Sonona. I wish they were 453 00:31:34,840 --> 00:31:38,480 Speaker 5: cared for and protected. I fear they will be exterminated. 454 00:31:39,320 --> 00:31:41,200 Speaker 5: I would do anything for them. 455 00:31:41,720 --> 00:31:44,880 Speaker 3: The year that Isa arrived in Alpaso, she co authored 456 00:31:45,120 --> 00:31:49,600 Speaker 3: Plan de Tomochic, a manifesto accusing the Mexican government of 457 00:31:49,680 --> 00:31:53,320 Speaker 3: murdering Yaqui children. It also called for the abolishment of 458 00:31:53,360 --> 00:31:56,120 Speaker 3: the death penalty and the emancipation of women. 459 00:31:56,600 --> 00:32:00,400 Speaker 4: And half of the people that signed this manifesto were women. 460 00:32:01,040 --> 00:32:03,040 Speaker 4: So that's like incredibly advanced. 461 00:32:04,000 --> 00:32:08,400 Speaker 3: During the same year, another antiths rebellion breaks out, this 462 00:32:08,480 --> 00:32:12,320 Speaker 3: time at a Mexican customs house located in Nogales, Sonora. 463 00:32:12,720 --> 00:32:15,920 Speaker 4: This is in August twelve, eighteen ninety six, and there's 464 00:32:16,000 --> 00:32:20,320 Speaker 4: forty rebels that attacked the Mexican custom house and Nogales, Sonora, 465 00:32:20,840 --> 00:32:23,120 Speaker 4: shouting Viva la Santa de Cavora. 466 00:32:23,960 --> 00:32:28,040 Speaker 3: The rebels killed two Mexican soldiers and temporarily took control 467 00:32:28,160 --> 00:32:31,480 Speaker 3: of the customs house for several hours. Some of the 468 00:32:31,560 --> 00:32:35,960 Speaker 3: men carried letters signed by Teresa, pictures of her, copies 469 00:32:36,000 --> 00:32:39,920 Speaker 3: of the newspaper she co edited. US and Mexican soldiers 470 00:32:40,000 --> 00:32:43,760 Speaker 3: joined forces and killed seven of the rebels. A picture 471 00:32:43,920 --> 00:32:47,640 Speaker 3: of their dead bodies was published in the press. The 472 00:32:47,760 --> 00:32:52,680 Speaker 3: caption described them as los indios fanaticos de la Santa Decaora, 473 00:32:53,000 --> 00:32:58,160 Speaker 3: the extremist Indian followers of La Santa de Caavora. The 474 00:32:58,200 --> 00:33:02,640 Speaker 3: American press became high critical of her. They accused her 475 00:33:02,720 --> 00:33:06,560 Speaker 3: of leading several rebellions, including the one in Nogales. 476 00:33:08,120 --> 00:33:16,760 Speaker 4: So after this happens, the media begins questioning just how 477 00:33:16,880 --> 00:33:17,880 Speaker 4: dangerous she was. 478 00:33:18,960 --> 00:33:22,880 Speaker 3: Headline after headline accused her of leading rebellions of hypnotizing 479 00:33:22,920 --> 00:33:26,720 Speaker 3: the peaceful Yaki Indians of causing trouble and Mexico with 480 00:33:26,800 --> 00:33:28,400 Speaker 3: her spiritualist propaganda. 481 00:33:29,000 --> 00:33:31,600 Speaker 2: That whole idea of calling her a witch is a 482 00:33:31,640 --> 00:33:37,000 Speaker 2: way to discredit her, to undermine her knowledge and her influence. 483 00:33:37,760 --> 00:33:41,000 Speaker 2: And then by saying that she's the reason that Indigenous 484 00:33:41,000 --> 00:33:46,600 Speaker 2: people are rebelling, that's a way also to say they're 485 00:33:46,640 --> 00:33:50,560 Speaker 2: too ignorant to organize on their own. 486 00:33:53,760 --> 00:33:57,240 Speaker 3: Her vision of love, justice and equality was so strong 487 00:33:57,360 --> 00:33:59,800 Speaker 3: that even if she didn't tell people to take arms, 488 00:34:00,120 --> 00:34:03,280 Speaker 3: she became their war cry. She turned into a symbol 489 00:34:03,360 --> 00:34:07,960 Speaker 3: of resistance. Traditionally, it's taught that the Mexican Revolution began 490 00:34:08,320 --> 00:34:13,080 Speaker 3: on November twentieth, nineteen ten, after Teresa died, but David 491 00:34:13,280 --> 00:34:15,560 Speaker 3: argues that the revolution began sooner. 492 00:34:16,280 --> 00:34:20,960 Speaker 4: That's the encyclopedia version. This revolutionary activity happened way before 493 00:34:21,040 --> 00:34:25,120 Speaker 4: nineteen ten. So it's naive to think that on one day, 494 00:34:25,600 --> 00:34:31,000 Speaker 4: one guy calls her people to revolt and everybody rises up. No, 495 00:34:31,440 --> 00:34:35,520 Speaker 4: you plan sets sometimes for decades, and there's a lot 496 00:34:35,560 --> 00:34:36,840 Speaker 4: of failed battles. 497 00:34:37,760 --> 00:34:40,520 Speaker 3: He places that Saho as a key figure in the 498 00:34:40,560 --> 00:34:44,399 Speaker 3: Mexican Revolution that deserves more recognition, but whose role has 499 00:34:44,440 --> 00:34:45,879 Speaker 3: been ignored by historians. 500 00:34:46,560 --> 00:34:49,160 Speaker 4: Her role in the revolution was not to shoot people, 501 00:34:49,880 --> 00:34:55,760 Speaker 4: it was to inspire people. It is Fronteisa based healing 502 00:34:55,840 --> 00:34:59,640 Speaker 4: powers that could ultimately change the world, that they could 503 00:34:59,760 --> 00:35:02,920 Speaker 4: lead to a revolution, to a more just fission of 504 00:35:03,440 --> 00:35:06,439 Speaker 4: who we are as a community, and that was incredibly 505 00:35:06,520 --> 00:35:07,399 Speaker 4: ahead of her time. 506 00:35:08,680 --> 00:35:13,040 Speaker 3: For Yolanda, the history professor, that ESA's radical politics set 507 00:35:13,080 --> 00:35:14,800 Speaker 3: her apart from other Couraneros. 508 00:35:15,600 --> 00:35:17,880 Speaker 2: I think the more important thing that sets her apart 509 00:35:18,760 --> 00:35:24,440 Speaker 2: is that she combined traditional knowledge with I guess what 510 00:35:24,480 --> 00:35:28,480 Speaker 2: we would call now social justice. I don't see that 511 00:35:28,680 --> 00:35:32,480 Speaker 2: in the other Keelers of that time. That's what sets 512 00:35:32,520 --> 00:35:36,799 Speaker 2: her apart, is that combination of tradition but also a 513 00:35:36,880 --> 00:35:47,719 Speaker 2: vision for a better future. 514 00:35:49,400 --> 00:35:51,920 Speaker 3: While she lived in Alpaso, they tried to kill Ddesa 515 00:35:52,080 --> 00:35:55,240 Speaker 3: three times, causing her to leave just a year later. 516 00:35:56,000 --> 00:35:58,640 Speaker 3: She faced assassination attempts throughout her life. 517 00:36:00,320 --> 00:36:05,399 Speaker 6: Again, it's incredible to think that a young woman could 518 00:36:05,440 --> 00:36:09,960 Speaker 6: be such a threat to like a government, a whole 519 00:36:10,000 --> 00:36:11,279 Speaker 6: system of patriarchy. 520 00:36:12,200 --> 00:36:17,240 Speaker 3: After leaving Alpaso, Teresa moved to Clifton, Arizona. There isn't 521 00:36:17,239 --> 00:36:19,720 Speaker 3: a lot of reporting on this period of her life 522 00:36:19,840 --> 00:36:24,239 Speaker 3: until nineteen hundred in Clifton, she met a man called 523 00:36:24,320 --> 00:36:29,960 Speaker 3: Guadalupe Rodriguez. Wadalupe remains a mysterious man. It's hard to 524 00:36:29,960 --> 00:36:34,520 Speaker 3: find any archival information about him. In an interview with 525 00:36:34,560 --> 00:36:39,439 Speaker 3: one of Teresa's relatives, he's described as handsome. Teresa married 526 00:36:39,480 --> 00:36:43,759 Speaker 3: Guadalupe eight months after meeting him, against her father's wishes. 527 00:36:44,239 --> 00:36:47,920 Speaker 3: At that time, Teresa was twenty seven years old. The 528 00:36:48,040 --> 00:36:51,960 Speaker 3: day after they got married, Guadalupe tried to kill her. 529 00:36:53,680 --> 00:36:56,719 Speaker 3: Teresa recounted what happened in an article from the San 530 00:36:56,760 --> 00:36:58,040 Speaker 3: Francisco Examiner. 531 00:36:59,200 --> 00:37:01,719 Speaker 5: The next day after we were married, he acted strangely. 532 00:37:02,400 --> 00:37:04,440 Speaker 5: He drew up some things of mine, pecked some of 533 00:37:04,440 --> 00:37:06,920 Speaker 5: my clothes in a bundle, put it over his shoulder, 534 00:37:06,960 --> 00:37:09,839 Speaker 5: and said to me, come with me. The people who 535 00:37:09,880 --> 00:37:11,759 Speaker 5: saw him said for me not to go, but I 536 00:37:11,840 --> 00:37:15,239 Speaker 5: followed him. He walked on the railroad track. I did 537 00:37:15,239 --> 00:37:17,879 Speaker 5: not know where he wanted to run. I ran too. 538 00:37:18,760 --> 00:37:22,080 Speaker 5: He had his gun and started to shoot. The people 539 00:37:22,200 --> 00:37:25,640 Speaker 5: ran out and made me come back. Then they caught him. 540 00:37:26,120 --> 00:37:27,960 Speaker 5: He was insane, and they put him in jail. 541 00:37:29,480 --> 00:37:33,239 Speaker 3: A headline from the time read, Santa Teresa shot by 542 00:37:33,360 --> 00:37:39,200 Speaker 3: spouse Yaqui saint finds marriage a failure. Other articles reported 543 00:37:39,200 --> 00:37:43,000 Speaker 3: that she lost popularity amongst her followers because saints are 544 00:37:43,040 --> 00:37:53,840 Speaker 3: not supposed to get married. She later divorced him. That 545 00:37:54,000 --> 00:37:56,480 Speaker 3: Asa then left her family in Clifton and traveled to 546 00:37:56,520 --> 00:38:01,000 Speaker 3: San Francisco, Los Angeles, New York, and Saint Louis. She 547 00:38:01,120 --> 00:38:03,840 Speaker 3: was planning on embarking on a world tour and wanted 548 00:38:03,880 --> 00:38:06,680 Speaker 3: to travel to Europe and India in order to learn 549 00:38:06,680 --> 00:38:11,799 Speaker 3: about the source of her healing powers. She said her 550 00:38:11,880 --> 00:38:14,799 Speaker 3: power came from God, but she wanted to learn how 551 00:38:14,840 --> 00:38:16,320 Speaker 3: it moved through her body. 552 00:38:17,040 --> 00:38:19,719 Speaker 5: I seek to find out whence the power is derived. 553 00:38:21,760 --> 00:38:25,279 Speaker 3: She wanted to travel to cities like Paris and Jerusalem, 554 00:38:25,960 --> 00:38:29,359 Speaker 3: where may I find someone wise in such matters who 555 00:38:29,440 --> 00:38:33,280 Speaker 3: can and will tell me the secret? But she didn't 556 00:38:33,320 --> 00:38:36,839 Speaker 3: make it to those cities. In nineteen oh two, her 557 00:38:36,880 --> 00:38:40,359 Speaker 3: father died. That same year, she gave birth to her 558 00:38:40,400 --> 00:38:43,319 Speaker 3: first child. That as I had lived in New York 559 00:38:43,360 --> 00:38:45,800 Speaker 3: for a year with her translator and a family friend, 560 00:38:46,239 --> 00:38:50,080 Speaker 3: John Van Order. She had two daughters with him at 561 00:38:50,080 --> 00:38:53,080 Speaker 3: the time. This would have been very controversial since they 562 00:38:53,080 --> 00:38:53,960 Speaker 3: were not married. 563 00:38:54,760 --> 00:38:57,719 Speaker 4: She was definitely a woman ahead of her times and 564 00:38:57,760 --> 00:39:01,960 Speaker 4: a woman that was that strout many different borders. She 565 00:39:02,120 --> 00:39:05,240 Speaker 4: was a liminal being, somebody that's neither here nor there, 566 00:39:05,760 --> 00:39:08,400 Speaker 4: and I think that's what made her so fascinating. So 567 00:39:08,520 --> 00:39:11,239 Speaker 4: this was a woman that was defying all kinds of 568 00:39:12,239 --> 00:39:13,960 Speaker 4: traditional boundaries. 569 00:39:15,360 --> 00:39:18,040 Speaker 3: In nineteen oh four, Teresa moved back to Arizona with 570 00:39:18,080 --> 00:39:20,759 Speaker 3: her partner John. She bought some land and had a 571 00:39:20,760 --> 00:39:25,640 Speaker 3: house built. On October fifteenth, nineteen oh five, Teresa Ure 572 00:39:25,760 --> 00:39:28,680 Speaker 3: hosted a party in her newly built home in Clifton 573 00:39:29,160 --> 00:39:33,480 Speaker 3: to celebrate her thirty second birthday. I imagine this moment 574 00:39:33,880 --> 00:39:37,279 Speaker 3: the era of us, with celebration and joy. They just 575 00:39:37,320 --> 00:39:41,440 Speaker 3: blew out the candles, everyone's eating cake. Esa liked to 576 00:39:41,440 --> 00:39:44,600 Speaker 3: play the guitar and the marimba. She loved to sing. 577 00:39:45,239 --> 00:39:50,040 Speaker 3: The room freshly minted by her voice. Maybe she had 578 00:39:50,120 --> 00:39:54,759 Speaker 3: just opened gifts. But then Esa predicted she would die 579 00:39:54,840 --> 00:40:00,080 Speaker 3: before her next birthday, when she would turn thirty three. 580 00:40:00,200 --> 00:40:02,839 Speaker 3: Then she went around the room and said goodbye to 581 00:40:02,960 --> 00:40:12,160 Speaker 3: every guest. Months later, on January eleventh, nineteen oh six, 582 00:40:12,320 --> 00:40:14,919 Speaker 3: that as I was at home with Marianna, her old 583 00:40:14,920 --> 00:40:18,040 Speaker 3: time friend and aid and one of the first people 584 00:40:18,040 --> 00:40:21,360 Speaker 3: that she had healed. She told Marianna. 585 00:40:21,000 --> 00:40:23,560 Speaker 5: Put me in this room and put these clothes on me. 586 00:40:24,360 --> 00:40:26,680 Speaker 3: The room she was referring to was on the second 587 00:40:26,680 --> 00:40:29,479 Speaker 3: floor of her house. It was called the flower room 588 00:40:29,560 --> 00:40:33,239 Speaker 3: because it was full of flowers, ferns, and plants. It 589 00:40:33,320 --> 00:40:37,520 Speaker 3: was built to allow the maximum amount of sunlight. Essa 590 00:40:37,640 --> 00:40:43,439 Speaker 3: loved flowers. She grew geraniums, pegonias, a bright red hibiscus. 591 00:40:44,160 --> 00:40:47,520 Speaker 3: Her hair was five feet long that as I would 592 00:40:47,640 --> 00:40:49,720 Speaker 3: kick it out of her way when it was loose. 593 00:40:50,320 --> 00:40:54,759 Speaker 3: It was longer than her body. When they offered her tea, 594 00:40:55,200 --> 00:40:56,520 Speaker 3: Essa said, I. 595 00:40:56,600 --> 00:41:00,319 Speaker 5: Do not want tea. I feel so badly. I think 596 00:41:00,320 --> 00:41:04,440 Speaker 5: this is my last day of life. Teresa asked for 597 00:41:04,480 --> 00:41:07,960 Speaker 5: a pan and a towel. She washed her hands, wiped 598 00:41:08,000 --> 00:41:11,000 Speaker 5: them down, tied them with a blue ribbon, handed the 599 00:41:11,080 --> 00:41:13,399 Speaker 5: towel back and said take this. 600 00:41:14,080 --> 00:41:18,440 Speaker 3: I will never use it again. She then went to 601 00:41:18,520 --> 00:41:26,560 Speaker 3: rest in her bedroom. Quite late afternoon, Teresa died. Marianna 602 00:41:26,760 --> 00:41:29,440 Speaker 3: dressed her in a white robe and a blue shawl. 603 00:41:31,360 --> 00:41:34,520 Speaker 3: When they put Teresa in the coffin, they wrapped her 604 00:41:34,640 --> 00:41:39,279 Speaker 3: long hair around her arm. She gave instructions to lay 605 00:41:39,320 --> 00:41:42,960 Speaker 3: her in the flower room for her funeral. I can 606 00:41:43,040 --> 00:41:48,400 Speaker 3: imagine Teresa suspended in flowers. The cause of her death 607 00:41:48,480 --> 00:41:52,840 Speaker 3: isn't clear. She might have had tuberculosis or pneumonia. The 608 00:41:52,920 --> 00:41:55,080 Speaker 3: official record stated consumption. 609 00:41:56,400 --> 00:42:01,720 Speaker 6: That's another like aspect of guranderismo. Is that life force 610 00:42:01,880 --> 00:42:05,759 Speaker 6: that you have, that you're sharing it with people, and 611 00:42:05,239 --> 00:42:08,440 Speaker 6: they're taking little pieces of it, little pieces of it, 612 00:42:08,480 --> 00:42:10,960 Speaker 6: little pieces of it. Eventually, you know, a lot of 613 00:42:11,000 --> 00:42:17,120 Speaker 6: crandeto's get really sick and they die, you know. And 614 00:42:17,200 --> 00:42:21,319 Speaker 6: so it's that deep of a commitment when I tell 615 00:42:21,320 --> 00:42:22,920 Speaker 6: you it's till the death. 616 00:42:25,320 --> 00:42:28,920 Speaker 3: I can't talk about that is without admitting the sadness 617 00:42:28,960 --> 00:42:31,400 Speaker 3: I feel when I think of her life and death. 618 00:42:32,120 --> 00:42:36,600 Speaker 3: Her story feels incomplete, like a picture of her that's 619 00:42:36,640 --> 00:42:40,600 Speaker 3: been punctured with tiny holes. I feel the limitations of 620 00:42:40,640 --> 00:42:44,680 Speaker 3: the archive, of the gaps in her life, the things 621 00:42:44,719 --> 00:42:48,440 Speaker 3: about her that I can only imagine or speculate, the 622 00:42:48,520 --> 00:42:52,800 Speaker 3: sound of her voice, her favorite book, her favorite smell. 623 00:42:53,719 --> 00:42:54,600 Speaker 3: And that's one of the. 624 00:42:54,560 --> 00:42:59,200 Speaker 2: Frustrating things to me, is a historian, is it, especially 625 00:42:59,239 --> 00:43:01,520 Speaker 2: with women? There's just things we'll never know. 626 00:43:03,040 --> 00:43:06,400 Speaker 3: I think about the way the press wrote about her 627 00:43:07,400 --> 00:43:12,480 Speaker 3: banished Senorita, the woes of Teresa Urrea, a witch to 628 00:43:12,560 --> 00:43:16,719 Speaker 3: be shot. I think of all the violences she must 629 00:43:16,719 --> 00:43:19,960 Speaker 3: have experienced that we will never know about, and of 630 00:43:20,000 --> 00:43:20,680 Speaker 3: her strength. 631 00:43:21,880 --> 00:43:24,960 Speaker 6: She's a woman, She wasn't a saint. 632 00:43:26,520 --> 00:43:27,840 Speaker 2: She was a teen girl. 633 00:43:29,160 --> 00:43:32,200 Speaker 3: I imagine the details of her life that an archive 634 00:43:32,280 --> 00:43:36,960 Speaker 3: imbued with sexism and racism will never be able to 635 00:43:37,040 --> 00:43:41,000 Speaker 3: tell us about her. Did she stare into a lover's eyes? 636 00:43:41,800 --> 00:43:44,320 Speaker 3: Did she dance by herself in front of a mirror? 637 00:43:45,080 --> 00:43:48,880 Speaker 3: Maybe she scribbled her secrets into a journal she secretly 638 00:43:48,960 --> 00:43:52,400 Speaker 3: stashed away somewhere only for herself. 639 00:43:53,920 --> 00:43:56,400 Speaker 6: I don't know why I always think like I always 640 00:43:56,400 --> 00:43:59,840 Speaker 6: think about how longly she must have been and even 641 00:44:00,080 --> 00:44:03,520 Speaker 6: growing older, and not really knowing who you can trust, 642 00:44:03,760 --> 00:44:08,080 Speaker 6: and really being seen as like a commodity. 643 00:44:09,000 --> 00:44:11,279 Speaker 3: Her whole life is marked by the things she did 644 00:44:11,320 --> 00:44:14,319 Speaker 3: for others. What does her life tell us about what 645 00:44:14,520 --> 00:44:17,719 Speaker 3: society deems worthy of remembering about the life of a 646 00:44:17,760 --> 00:44:23,759 Speaker 3: revolutionary woman. I imagine her existing without the weight of 647 00:44:23,840 --> 00:44:28,200 Speaker 3: having to be godly, saintly, of her having an ordinary life, 648 00:44:28,440 --> 00:44:32,479 Speaker 3: drinking a cup of coffee, reading a poem, singing into 649 00:44:32,520 --> 00:44:37,440 Speaker 3: the stem of a sunflower. I remember her limitlessness, and 650 00:44:37,560 --> 00:44:48,239 Speaker 3: maybe this is enough. Back at Teresa's former red brick 651 00:44:48,320 --> 00:44:51,520 Speaker 3: wall apartment in Alpasso. The entrance of the building is 652 00:44:51,560 --> 00:44:54,759 Speaker 3: fenced in with black gates. Through its holes you can 653 00:44:54,800 --> 00:44:58,399 Speaker 3: see a giant plaque. Historian Da Vitromo reads it. 654 00:44:59,480 --> 00:45:02,160 Speaker 4: This was the site of the residence of Teresa Urrea, 655 00:45:03,560 --> 00:45:09,960 Speaker 4: an influential legendary healer who helped inspired early revolutionary movements. 656 00:45:11,120 --> 00:45:14,200 Speaker 3: There were once murals that covered the courtyard adjacent to 657 00:45:14,239 --> 00:45:18,560 Speaker 3: the apartment complex that hosted musse Urano. The murals were 658 00:45:18,560 --> 00:45:22,040 Speaker 3: painted by students and people from the neighborhood. Now they've 659 00:45:22,080 --> 00:45:25,120 Speaker 3: been painted over in a code of page. Only one 660 00:45:25,200 --> 00:45:29,560 Speaker 3: tiny mural stands. The MUSSO closed down in twenty twelve 661 00:45:29,600 --> 00:45:32,560 Speaker 3: after they ran out of funds. And although the museum 662 00:45:32,640 --> 00:45:35,360 Speaker 3: is gone and the murals are gone, the spirit of 663 00:45:35,400 --> 00:45:37,359 Speaker 3: the museum lingers like a photograph. 664 00:45:38,040 --> 00:45:42,520 Speaker 4: I have never seen a reaction as joyful and as 665 00:45:42,600 --> 00:45:47,080 Speaker 4: grateful and as excited enthused for any museum I've ever 666 00:45:47,120 --> 00:45:50,919 Speaker 4: been too. And yeah, they hit me like people were 667 00:45:51,000 --> 00:45:55,520 Speaker 4: just like they're so hungry to have like a piece 668 00:45:55,560 --> 00:46:00,160 Speaker 4: of their history be honored, be dignified, even if it's 669 00:46:00,600 --> 00:46:02,960 Speaker 4: it's something very small and very poor. 670 00:46:03,840 --> 00:46:07,680 Speaker 3: And maybe that is the biggest testament to Teresa's legacy, 671 00:46:08,320 --> 00:46:12,239 Speaker 3: that even though her history was largely erased and forgotten, 672 00:46:12,680 --> 00:46:16,680 Speaker 3: her memory lives on in this building, in this city, 673 00:46:17,320 --> 00:46:18,000 Speaker 3: in its people. 674 00:46:21,840 --> 00:46:26,279 Speaker 2: One of the failures I think of radicals in the 675 00:46:26,320 --> 00:46:33,000 Speaker 2: history of this country is that they look only at politics, 676 00:46:33,040 --> 00:46:37,000 Speaker 2: but they don't think about love. But I'm not talking 677 00:46:37,040 --> 00:46:40,960 Speaker 2: about mushy, you know, romantic love. I'm talking about the 678 00:46:41,080 --> 00:46:44,480 Speaker 2: kind of love that recognizes the humanity and other people. 679 00:46:45,200 --> 00:46:48,080 Speaker 2: And if we recognize the humanity and other people like 680 00:46:48,920 --> 00:46:53,680 Speaker 2: I believe that Asita did, then you want the best 681 00:46:53,800 --> 00:46:57,040 Speaker 2: for them like you want for yourself, and that would 682 00:46:57,080 --> 00:46:58,040 Speaker 2: just change everything. 683 00:47:27,239 --> 00:47:30,480 Speaker 1: This episode was produced by Mari Estinca and edited by 684 00:47:30,560 --> 00:47:34,520 Speaker 1: Marta Martinez. It was mixed by Stephanie Lebau, Julia Caruso, 685 00:47:34,800 --> 00:47:38,000 Speaker 1: and Rosanna cavan In. Fact checking for this episode by 686 00:47:38,000 --> 00:47:42,560 Speaker 1: Ben Calin. The Latino USA team includes Andrea Lopez Crusado, 687 00:47:42,760 --> 00:47:47,920 Speaker 1: Mike Sargent, Julieta Martinelli, Vito ri Estrada, Patricia Sulbaran, Gini Montalvo, 688 00:47:48,040 --> 00:47:52,399 Speaker 1: Alejandra Salasad Rinaldo, leanoz Junior, and Julia Rosa, with help 689 00:47:52,440 --> 00:47:56,840 Speaker 1: from Raoul bees Are. Editorial director Sculio Ricardo Barella, additional 690 00:47:56,840 --> 00:48:00,560 Speaker 1: engineering by Gabriela Baez and J. J. Grubin. Our digital 691 00:48:00,640 --> 00:48:05,239 Speaker 1: editor is Res Luna. Our fellows are Elisa Yena, Monica Morales, 692 00:48:05,239 --> 00:48:09,480 Speaker 1: and Andrew Vignalis. Our theme music was composed by Zane Robinos. 693 00:48:09,640 --> 00:48:11,680 Speaker 1: If you like the music you've heard on this episode, 694 00:48:11,880 --> 00:48:14,480 Speaker 1: stop by Latinousa dot org and check out our weekly 695 00:48:14,640 --> 00:48:17,960 Speaker 1: Spotify playlist. I'm your host and executive producer MARIEO. 696 00:48:18,000 --> 00:48:18,400 Speaker 3: Kosa. 697 00:48:18,680 --> 00:48:21,400 Speaker 1: Join us again on our next episode, and in the meantime, 698 00:48:21,680 --> 00:48:24,200 Speaker 1: look for us on all of your social media. I 699 00:48:24,440 --> 00:48:27,120 Speaker 1: los veil a stell aproxima. 700 00:48:26,480 --> 00:48:32,040 Speaker 7: Bi Latino USA is made possible in part by the 701 00:48:32,120 --> 00:48:38,319 Speaker 7: Heising Simons Foundation Unlocking knowledge, opportunity and possibilities more at 702 00:48:38,520 --> 00:48:43,880 Speaker 7: hsfoundation dot org, the Ford Foundation, working with visionaries on 703 00:48:43,960 --> 00:48:48,080 Speaker 7: the front lines of social change worldwide, and the John D. 704 00:48:48,320 --> 00:48:50,080 Speaker 7: And Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. 705 00:48:53,960 --> 00:48:56,760 Speaker 3: At the time, this would have been very controversial since 706 00:48:56,800 --> 00:48:57,640 Speaker 3: they were not married 707 00:49:00,080 --> 00:49:03,840 Speaker 4: To Pas