1 00:00:00,040 --> 00:00:02,760 Speaker 1: Hey, everybody out there in the United States, we are 2 00:00:02,840 --> 00:00:06,800 Speaker 1: coming on tour in January to select cities. Yea, so 3 00:00:06,920 --> 00:00:10,080 Speaker 1: probably the city where you are is really really cold. 4 00:00:10,760 --> 00:00:14,280 Speaker 1: Come down below the frost line and see us. Yeah, 5 00:00:14,320 --> 00:00:15,800 Speaker 1: and you know, iup, you're in a cold place. We 6 00:00:15,880 --> 00:00:18,599 Speaker 1: might see in the spring or summer, don't fret. Sure, 7 00:00:18,880 --> 00:00:21,240 Speaker 1: but for now we are sold out in San Francisco, 8 00:00:21,239 --> 00:00:26,040 Speaker 1: San Diego, and Austin. You can still get tickets in Dallas, Atlanta, Birmingham, 9 00:00:26,040 --> 00:00:29,640 Speaker 1: in New Orleans, and if you live in Mississippi you 10 00:00:29,760 --> 00:00:31,639 Speaker 1: might want to go to Birmingham if you're interested in 11 00:00:31,640 --> 00:00:36,560 Speaker 1: seeing us. Uh yeah, or you know, surrounding areas around Birmingham. Sure, 12 00:00:36,600 --> 00:00:39,800 Speaker 1: anywhere in the southeast. Yeah, maybe Atlanta and Birmingham are 13 00:00:39,800 --> 00:00:42,440 Speaker 1: your best shots at this point. And you can make 14 00:00:42,440 --> 00:00:45,400 Speaker 1: it to New Orleans or Birmingham from the state of 15 00:00:45,440 --> 00:00:49,080 Speaker 1: Florida to yeah, over the Panhandle, yeah yeah, just creep 16 00:00:49,120 --> 00:00:51,839 Speaker 1: up north of it. Come on, so it comes to us. 17 00:00:51,880 --> 00:00:54,280 Speaker 1: If you want ticket information, go to s y s 18 00:00:54,360 --> 00:00:58,160 Speaker 1: K live dot com, which is our wonderful website powered 19 00:00:58,160 --> 00:01:02,640 Speaker 1: by Squarespace, who are also sponsoring our tour because they're cool. 20 00:01:03,040 --> 00:01:06,960 Speaker 1: That is right. So we'll see you guys in Welcome 21 00:01:07,000 --> 00:01:16,680 Speaker 1: to Stuff you Should Know from House Stuff Works dot com. Hi, 22 00:01:16,880 --> 00:01:22,120 Speaker 1: and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark, There's Charles W. 23 00:01:22,319 --> 00:01:25,760 Speaker 1: Chuck Bryant, there's Jerry. This is the Stuff you should know. 24 00:01:26,760 --> 00:01:30,800 Speaker 1: H that was my Isaac Newton press. Really yeah, you 25 00:01:30,800 --> 00:01:34,240 Speaker 1: didn't have an accent, that was That's what he sounded like. Oh, 26 00:01:34,760 --> 00:01:38,199 Speaker 1: it's very it's a very common misconception that British people 27 00:01:38,800 --> 00:01:42,240 Speaker 1: in the seventeenth century sound like British people today. They 28 00:01:42,240 --> 00:01:46,280 Speaker 1: actually sounded exactly like how I existed. All right, well 29 00:01:46,319 --> 00:01:49,440 Speaker 1: you did extra research, then it's pretty good. Let's travel 30 00:01:49,520 --> 00:01:54,480 Speaker 1: back in time. We we just had a nice ten 31 00:01:54,520 --> 00:02:01,080 Speaker 1: minute discussion Jerry and you and I about or me? Alright, uh, 32 00:02:01,200 --> 00:02:05,640 Speaker 1: who cares? Yeah, about pop culture things that we've ingested 33 00:02:05,680 --> 00:02:08,959 Speaker 1: since our break six weeks ago. Yep, And that could 34 00:02:09,000 --> 00:02:12,240 Speaker 1: be a show. Everyone wants to know what we watched 35 00:02:12,320 --> 00:02:15,080 Speaker 1: and absorbed and how we feel about it, but they 36 00:02:15,120 --> 00:02:18,239 Speaker 1: never will. We talked about making of a Murderer or 37 00:02:18,280 --> 00:02:21,320 Speaker 1: making a Murderer. We talked about Hateful Eight and Star 38 00:02:21,360 --> 00:02:27,760 Speaker 1: Wars and The Revenant. People want to know, but they 39 00:02:27,800 --> 00:02:33,040 Speaker 1: never will. You gotta keep him mysterious, right, guys, that's right. 40 00:02:33,720 --> 00:02:37,320 Speaker 1: And all this leads to Isaac Newton, who it was. 41 00:02:38,200 --> 00:02:42,040 Speaker 1: So you know, um Wolf from Science World. Who Wolf 42 00:02:42,120 --> 00:02:46,760 Speaker 1: from Science World. It's a very very bona fide science website. 43 00:02:47,680 --> 00:02:52,640 Speaker 1: No dumbing down there it so Wolf from put it 44 00:02:52,760 --> 00:02:59,600 Speaker 1: like this, He's the bomb dignity. It is no, it 45 00:02:59,760 --> 00:03:02,840 Speaker 1: is no exaggeration to say that Isaac Newton is the 46 00:03:03,000 --> 00:03:07,239 Speaker 1: single most important contributor to the development of modern science. 47 00:03:07,919 --> 00:03:10,400 Speaker 1: And Wolf from Science World knows what they're talking about 48 00:03:10,560 --> 00:03:13,400 Speaker 1: when it comes to contributors to science. Yeah, you know what, 49 00:03:13,440 --> 00:03:15,720 Speaker 1: I will agree with that, even though we will see 50 00:03:15,760 --> 00:03:19,960 Speaker 1: he was many things, including a little screwy, super screwy. 51 00:03:20,000 --> 00:03:23,400 Speaker 1: But um, what I gathered after researching this dude, is 52 00:03:23,520 --> 00:03:27,840 Speaker 1: that science this is seventeenth century stuff going on. Science 53 00:03:27,919 --> 00:03:31,280 Speaker 1: was the wild West. And he came in like a 54 00:03:31,400 --> 00:03:35,920 Speaker 1: sheriff and basically brought order and discipline and said, this 55 00:03:36,000 --> 00:03:38,080 Speaker 1: is the way we should do things if we want 56 00:03:38,120 --> 00:03:42,280 Speaker 1: to be taken seriously, guys, varmints. Um, you can't just 57 00:03:42,520 --> 00:03:45,840 Speaker 1: say things like the world's flat. You gotta prove it 58 00:03:46,640 --> 00:03:48,760 Speaker 1: or or this is kind of the thinking. And he 59 00:03:49,040 --> 00:03:52,520 Speaker 1: really kind of rose to prominence while the scientific revolution 60 00:03:52,600 --> 00:03:57,360 Speaker 1: was already going, but he very much contributed to it 61 00:03:57,440 --> 00:03:59,720 Speaker 1: because still at the time you could be like, well, 62 00:03:59,840 --> 00:04:03,640 Speaker 1: the uh, the Earth spins because God spun it and 63 00:04:03,680 --> 00:04:06,360 Speaker 1: it is God's will, and like people would be like, 64 00:04:06,440 --> 00:04:10,760 Speaker 1: absolutely scientist. Not the case after Newton came along. Now 65 00:04:10,840 --> 00:04:12,400 Speaker 1: it's like, you gotta prove the stuff. There's gotta be 66 00:04:12,440 --> 00:04:14,760 Speaker 1: a method in place, you gotta test things again. And 67 00:04:14,800 --> 00:04:18,320 Speaker 1: again he was I didn't know this. He was one 68 00:04:18,360 --> 00:04:22,600 Speaker 1: of the or if not the first person to average data. Yeah, 69 00:04:23,120 --> 00:04:25,360 Speaker 1: what did they do before that? Just cherry pick something? 70 00:04:25,480 --> 00:04:27,960 Speaker 1: Probably they're like, oh, that looks like the nice round number. 71 00:04:27,960 --> 00:04:30,400 Speaker 1: I'll go, I'll use this one. So like, if he measured, 72 00:04:30,480 --> 00:04:33,960 Speaker 1: say the how long a top spun because that's what 73 00:04:34,040 --> 00:04:37,520 Speaker 1: scientists measure a lot of top spinning. Um, if he 74 00:04:37,600 --> 00:04:39,840 Speaker 1: measured it four or five times, then he got different 75 00:04:39,880 --> 00:04:42,320 Speaker 1: measurements every time. Yeah, I guess before they would just 76 00:04:42,360 --> 00:04:44,400 Speaker 1: pick whatever when they like the most. It just seems 77 00:04:44,440 --> 00:04:46,440 Speaker 1: so he was the first one to average. Yeah. It 78 00:04:46,480 --> 00:04:49,800 Speaker 1: just seems so second nature to think while averaging something 79 00:04:49,880 --> 00:04:52,000 Speaker 1: is what you should do, But back then it wasn't. No, 80 00:04:52,120 --> 00:04:55,440 Speaker 1: and that's that's so that came up a lot while 81 00:04:55,480 --> 00:04:57,400 Speaker 1: I was reading this article. It's a very good article 82 00:04:57,480 --> 00:05:02,839 Speaker 1: by Jacob Silverman one on Jeopardy. Pretty yeah, um he 83 00:05:03,200 --> 00:05:08,080 Speaker 1: uh he he. The way that he portrayed Newton. I 84 00:05:08,120 --> 00:05:13,320 Speaker 1: think it gets across that we take Newton's work so 85 00:05:13,440 --> 00:05:16,919 Speaker 1: for granted these days as just that's the way the 86 00:05:17,000 --> 00:05:21,120 Speaker 1: universe works. That to think otherwise, it's just totally alien 87 00:05:21,200 --> 00:05:24,719 Speaker 1: to us. And it's that's just such evidence of how 88 00:05:24,800 --> 00:05:29,719 Speaker 1: much that man single handedly changed the world. But you 89 00:05:29,800 --> 00:05:35,080 Speaker 1: also can't say single handedly he's His genius is unequivocal, right, 90 00:05:35,800 --> 00:05:39,200 Speaker 1: But he also did definitely stand on the backs of giants, 91 00:05:39,200 --> 00:05:41,560 Speaker 1: on the shoulders of giants, people who came before him, 92 00:05:41,680 --> 00:05:45,839 Speaker 1: a sis, and the work of his peers. But he 93 00:05:45,920 --> 00:05:49,200 Speaker 1: also like to take a lot of the credit for himself, 94 00:05:49,680 --> 00:05:53,760 Speaker 1: sometimes unnecessarily. He was a very complex man. He was 95 00:05:54,120 --> 00:05:58,960 Speaker 1: a scientist who deeply believed in God. He believed that 96 00:05:58,520 --> 00:06:02,000 Speaker 1: you that there was law in order that could be deduced, 97 00:06:02,040 --> 00:06:05,480 Speaker 1: that could be investigated, but it was orderly and rational, 98 00:06:05,560 --> 00:06:10,760 Speaker 1: because God was an orderly, rational creator. Yeah, he saw 99 00:06:11,760 --> 00:06:15,839 Speaker 1: logic and he thought God was that logic. He also 100 00:06:15,880 --> 00:06:18,719 Speaker 1: thought that the stuff that he was uncovering was actually 101 00:06:18,800 --> 00:06:23,480 Speaker 1: ancient wisdom that was being recovered from pre Christian civilizations. 102 00:06:23,520 --> 00:06:26,119 Speaker 1: That's it gets a little screwy. Yeah, that had um 103 00:06:26,320 --> 00:06:30,679 Speaker 1: kind of da Vinci coded, uh, this knowledge in things 104 00:06:30,720 --> 00:06:33,039 Speaker 1: like pyramids and stuff like that, and that he was 105 00:06:33,200 --> 00:06:36,520 Speaker 1: hand selected as a select view to uncover this knowledge. Yeah, 106 00:06:36,720 --> 00:06:40,360 Speaker 1: so much so that he made he made a name 107 00:06:40,400 --> 00:06:45,320 Speaker 1: for himself, Chuck. And once you start to really investigate Newton, 108 00:06:46,320 --> 00:06:48,680 Speaker 1: you can just kind of see him like tittering to 109 00:06:48,800 --> 00:06:52,280 Speaker 1: himself as he's talking to himself in his chambers at Cambridge, 110 00:06:52,839 --> 00:06:55,760 Speaker 1: calling himself this out loud to an empty room. Yeah, 111 00:06:55,760 --> 00:06:58,960 Speaker 1: he was. He changed his name or didn't change it. 112 00:06:59,000 --> 00:07:02,200 Speaker 1: I'm sorry. He had a special name for himself, Jehovah 113 00:07:02,240 --> 00:07:06,920 Speaker 1: Sanctus Unice, which means Jehovah the Holy One. And he 114 00:07:06,920 --> 00:07:09,200 Speaker 1: he got that name by rolling a twenty sided die 115 00:07:09,320 --> 00:07:14,239 Speaker 1: several times. So that was his special uh. I guess 116 00:07:14,360 --> 00:07:19,000 Speaker 1: Council of of Unique Scientists, like a league of extraordinary gentleman. 117 00:07:19,520 --> 00:07:22,000 Speaker 1: That was a super hero name. Yeah, and he was. 118 00:07:22,080 --> 00:07:25,800 Speaker 1: He was an alchemist as well. He very seriously pursued 119 00:07:25,840 --> 00:07:30,000 Speaker 1: the study of turning plain old metal into gold of um, 120 00:07:30,040 --> 00:07:34,200 Speaker 1: finding long life Elixer's. He was a very complex man, 121 00:07:34,480 --> 00:07:37,000 Speaker 1: and a lot of people like to put him in 122 00:07:37,000 --> 00:07:42,760 Speaker 1: in this this um rational scientists compartment as like how 123 00:07:42,800 --> 00:07:46,120 Speaker 1: we view scientists today typically, And he wasn't that. You 124 00:07:46,160 --> 00:07:48,680 Speaker 1: just can't look at science the same in the seventeenth 125 00:07:48,720 --> 00:07:51,880 Speaker 1: century as you do today, No, because different. It wasn't 126 00:07:52,400 --> 00:07:55,480 Speaker 1: like this guy was helping form science today, and at 127 00:07:55,480 --> 00:07:59,000 Speaker 1: the time it was he was seeking answers to the 128 00:07:59,080 --> 00:08:02,760 Speaker 1: universe where ever there it was. There weren't many boundaries 129 00:08:02,800 --> 00:08:06,240 Speaker 1: to him, Like if he could come to conclusions about 130 00:08:06,280 --> 00:08:10,640 Speaker 1: the universe through weird mysticism, then whatever. He still came 131 00:08:10,680 --> 00:08:14,320 Speaker 1: to the same conclusions that he did through mathematics, which 132 00:08:14,360 --> 00:08:17,240 Speaker 1: by the way, a major part of of which he 133 00:08:17,240 --> 00:08:19,960 Speaker 1: helped develop single handedly. Almost. Yeah, it's kind of a 134 00:08:19,960 --> 00:08:22,000 Speaker 1: weird time because you could on one hand, be a 135 00:08:22,120 --> 00:08:25,160 Speaker 1: very rational thinker and say you have to prove this, 136 00:08:25,240 --> 00:08:28,440 Speaker 1: but you can also say that lady didn't float, so 137 00:08:28,560 --> 00:08:31,520 Speaker 1: she's a witch and that's why she drowned, and and 138 00:08:31,640 --> 00:08:34,880 Speaker 1: be completely like normal, say it with a straight face. Yeah. 139 00:08:34,960 --> 00:08:38,240 Speaker 1: That was like like Newton, like I can turn this 140 00:08:38,280 --> 00:08:41,560 Speaker 1: mercury into gold, right, there's an elixir that will let 141 00:08:41,559 --> 00:08:44,280 Speaker 1: you live forever. And I can also say you should 142 00:08:44,280 --> 00:08:48,040 Speaker 1: average data and write the principia. Right, I can also 143 00:08:48,880 --> 00:08:52,640 Speaker 1: literally discover gravity, like there was no such thing as 144 00:08:52,679 --> 00:08:55,400 Speaker 1: gravity as far as humans were concerned before Isaac Newton 145 00:08:55,440 --> 00:08:58,880 Speaker 1: came along. All right, that's a great setup. That was 146 00:08:58,960 --> 00:09:02,920 Speaker 1: even better than our field. So January four, which is 147 00:09:03,040 --> 00:09:05,600 Speaker 1: yesterday in real time, was his actual birthday? Did not 148 00:09:05,679 --> 00:09:12,040 Speaker 1: know that? Weird timing? Um, it depends on the calendar. 149 00:09:12,400 --> 00:09:15,600 Speaker 1: Depends on the calendar Christmas Day or January four, right, yes, 150 00:09:15,679 --> 00:09:18,240 Speaker 1: but like a year apart rather than like a week 151 00:09:18,320 --> 00:09:21,280 Speaker 1: or so apart. Right, Because one of the great myths 152 00:09:21,320 --> 00:09:23,920 Speaker 1: is that he was born on Galileo's the day he 153 00:09:24,040 --> 00:09:27,920 Speaker 1: Galileo died, which means that he's not true, right. Galileo 154 00:09:28,160 --> 00:09:31,679 Speaker 1: reincarnated is what people say. It's some people catch you, 155 00:09:32,520 --> 00:09:36,000 Speaker 1: some people like Isaac Newton. Probably I don't think he 156 00:09:36,040 --> 00:09:38,960 Speaker 1: said that, but yeah, that was using the old Julian calendar. 157 00:09:39,600 --> 00:09:42,959 Speaker 1: When you use the Gregorian calendar, his birthday was actually 158 00:09:43,320 --> 00:09:47,640 Speaker 1: Jane uh, January four of the following year, or no 159 00:09:47,840 --> 00:09:51,000 Speaker 1: of the year before. I think, oh wow, he got younger. 160 00:09:51,280 --> 00:09:53,559 Speaker 1: No of the same year. So like if he was 161 00:09:53,559 --> 00:09:57,000 Speaker 1: born in December twenty on one calendar. For the other calendar, 162 00:09:57,040 --> 00:10:00,160 Speaker 1: he would go back in time to the beginning ing 163 00:10:00,160 --> 00:10:03,280 Speaker 1: of that same year, so almost a year apart. And 164 00:10:03,320 --> 00:10:05,520 Speaker 1: the reason that there is a weird discrepancy is um 165 00:10:05,800 --> 00:10:09,040 Speaker 1: in fifteen eighty two the Catholic nations converted from the 166 00:10:09,120 --> 00:10:12,640 Speaker 1: Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar, full hundred or so 167 00:10:12,800 --> 00:10:17,000 Speaker 1: years before Newton, or a little less than hundred years, 168 00:10:17,040 --> 00:10:20,439 Speaker 1: But it wasn't until the seventeen fifties that the British 169 00:10:20,440 --> 00:10:25,280 Speaker 1: Isles Protestants converted to that Gregorian or Catholic calendar. We 170 00:10:25,320 --> 00:10:28,559 Speaker 1: should do one of calendars. Oh, we definitely should. More 171 00:10:28,600 --> 00:10:31,880 Speaker 1: complex than you think. But in the in in the 172 00:10:31,960 --> 00:10:34,800 Speaker 1: in the continent, and in Great Britain or in the UK, 173 00:10:35,400 --> 00:10:41,760 Speaker 1: um they I don't know still after all these years. 174 00:10:41,920 --> 00:10:45,760 Speaker 1: So it's Great Britain in Northern Ireland, right, the United 175 00:10:45,840 --> 00:10:48,640 Speaker 1: Kingdom and Northern Ireland. I'm just gonna let you go 176 00:10:48,679 --> 00:10:53,840 Speaker 1: down this road anyway. Uh. They used to notate dates 177 00:10:53,920 --> 00:10:58,040 Speaker 1: with um old style and new style, depending on what calendar. 178 00:10:59,200 --> 00:11:02,280 Speaker 1: So anyway, that's the whole discrepancy between his birthday. No, 179 00:11:02,400 --> 00:11:06,480 Speaker 1: that makes sense, Oh it sure it does. Uh, all right, 180 00:11:06,520 --> 00:11:08,040 Speaker 1: so let's go back in time. Let's get in the 181 00:11:08,040 --> 00:11:10,480 Speaker 1: way back machine and go back to one of those 182 00:11:10,520 --> 00:11:12,600 Speaker 1: two days depending on our calendar that we have in 183 00:11:12,600 --> 00:11:15,760 Speaker 1: the way back machine. How it's programmed, well, the way 184 00:11:15,760 --> 00:11:27,720 Speaker 1: back machines programmed to um Gregorian. So it's fine. Great. Uh, 185 00:11:27,800 --> 00:11:29,360 Speaker 1: So we are back when he was born as a 186 00:11:29,360 --> 00:11:32,240 Speaker 1: little baby. He was a premature and very sickly. And 187 00:11:33,240 --> 00:11:35,480 Speaker 1: here's how things can go in the world. He wasn't 188 00:11:35,520 --> 00:11:37,839 Speaker 1: supposed to live. And like, what would the world have 189 00:11:37,920 --> 00:11:40,760 Speaker 1: been like without Isaac Newton? Pretty dark? Yeah, or at 190 00:11:40,800 --> 00:11:43,520 Speaker 1: least it would have taken them longer. Maybe, yeah, maybe 191 00:11:43,520 --> 00:11:45,520 Speaker 1: it just would have been someone else, like the clapper 192 00:11:45,559 --> 00:11:47,800 Speaker 1: would have been invented, but we would just assume it 193 00:11:47,840 --> 00:11:51,840 Speaker 1: worked because God willed it too. That's right. Born uh 194 00:11:51,880 --> 00:11:57,520 Speaker 1: in eighteen I'm sorry, sixteen forty three, not eight um. 195 00:11:57,559 --> 00:12:00,000 Speaker 1: He was from a family of farmers that did pretty 196 00:12:00,000 --> 00:12:04,160 Speaker 1: well for themselves, although his dad, Isaac died before a 197 00:12:04,200 --> 00:12:06,679 Speaker 1: few months before he was born, and was an illiterate 198 00:12:06,720 --> 00:12:10,440 Speaker 1: farmer who was successful at his work, but very big 199 00:12:10,520 --> 00:12:12,480 Speaker 1: that his father died before he was born. Because he 200 00:12:12,520 --> 00:12:15,280 Speaker 1: never quite got over that. He ended up um living 201 00:12:15,320 --> 00:12:18,920 Speaker 1: for a short time with his mother and new stepdad, 202 00:12:19,040 --> 00:12:23,040 Speaker 1: Reverend Barnabas Smith. But he sounded like a jerk who 203 00:12:23,080 --> 00:12:25,920 Speaker 1: did not like Isaac said, I cast the out, And 204 00:12:25,960 --> 00:12:28,120 Speaker 1: he was cast out and lived with his maternal grandmother 205 00:12:28,320 --> 00:12:31,440 Speaker 1: for nine years from age three to twelve. Yeah, I 206 00:12:31,440 --> 00:12:34,240 Speaker 1: mean it was pretty much raised by his maternal grandmother. Yeah, 207 00:12:34,280 --> 00:12:37,320 Speaker 1: and he was apparently old enough to realize what was 208 00:12:37,360 --> 00:12:40,680 Speaker 1: going on, because the any psychoanalyst would have a field 209 00:12:40,760 --> 00:12:43,520 Speaker 1: day with Newton, because he grew up to be a 210 00:12:43,640 --> 00:12:48,720 Speaker 1: very insecure man who had a tremendous amount of difficulty 211 00:12:48,920 --> 00:12:53,520 Speaker 1: trusting people because he's rejected, yes by his mother. Um 212 00:12:53,559 --> 00:12:56,840 Speaker 1: and who who who suffered from what you would probably 213 00:12:56,880 --> 00:13:01,680 Speaker 1: call these days hostile attribution bias, where the any any 214 00:13:01,880 --> 00:13:05,920 Speaker 1: slight or something was clearly intended by the other party. 215 00:13:06,120 --> 00:13:09,480 Speaker 1: Everybody else was hostile and out. Again, I'm not necessarily 216 00:13:09,559 --> 00:13:13,200 Speaker 1: making a paranoid but just any slight was intentional, even 217 00:13:13,200 --> 00:13:15,960 Speaker 1: when it was unintentional. It's a way to live. Yeah, 218 00:13:15,960 --> 00:13:20,760 Speaker 1: it took everything personally interesting. So this led over his 219 00:13:20,840 --> 00:13:25,080 Speaker 1: life to a couple of nervous breakdowns. Um, and you 220 00:13:25,120 --> 00:13:27,800 Speaker 1: know that also had to do with the fact that 221 00:13:27,800 --> 00:13:30,840 Speaker 1: he worked tirelessly and didn't sleep well and was in 222 00:13:30,920 --> 00:13:33,760 Speaker 1: a lot of ways a prototypical scientists like he never 223 00:13:33,800 --> 00:13:36,880 Speaker 1: got married, was just consumed with his work and didn't 224 00:13:36,880 --> 00:13:40,360 Speaker 1: take care of himself and uh, sort of obsessed with 225 00:13:40,480 --> 00:13:43,840 Speaker 1: his with his life's work. Yeah, and some people have 226 00:13:44,000 --> 00:13:48,240 Speaker 1: posthumously diagnosed him, including Simon Baron Cohen who's a um 227 00:13:48,280 --> 00:13:56,000 Speaker 1: an expert on autism and uh uh Asperger's borat his relative. Interesting. 228 00:13:56,040 --> 00:13:59,920 Speaker 1: I don't think it's his brother, but there are related Yeah, 229 00:14:00,280 --> 00:14:02,880 Speaker 1: I was totally kidding. Well, you're totally right. So what 230 00:14:02,920 --> 00:14:07,400 Speaker 1: are he diagnosed with Asperger's? But that's definitely come under 231 00:14:07,440 --> 00:14:11,360 Speaker 1: fire lately. They think that So there's something UM called 232 00:14:12,320 --> 00:14:15,240 Speaker 1: I don't remember what it's called. But in sixteen his 233 00:14:15,360 --> 00:14:19,760 Speaker 1: second his second nervous breakdown in the sixteen nineties, he 234 00:14:20,160 --> 00:14:24,600 Speaker 1: um they he stopped doing any kind of scientific research 235 00:14:24,640 --> 00:14:29,680 Speaker 1: I for that, and he apparently declined mentally compared to 236 00:14:29,720 --> 00:14:31,600 Speaker 1: his previous state, which means that he came down to 237 00:14:31,640 --> 00:14:34,520 Speaker 1: about normal levels I would guess. But they think that 238 00:14:34,560 --> 00:14:39,800 Speaker 1: it was actually mercury poisoning. Yeah, and that he wasn't 239 00:14:39,800 --> 00:14:44,040 Speaker 1: necessarily autistic. It's an easy catch all to put him 240 00:14:44,080 --> 00:14:47,760 Speaker 1: in that in that again in that compartment these days, 241 00:14:47,800 --> 00:14:51,080 Speaker 1: but we don't know enough about him to say that 242 00:14:51,120 --> 00:14:53,720 Speaker 1: whether he was autistic, like like one of the um 243 00:14:54,600 --> 00:14:57,160 Speaker 1: one of the evidences was that he didn't play with 244 00:14:57,200 --> 00:15:01,640 Speaker 1: the other kids, Um, he just kept two himself. So 245 00:15:01,680 --> 00:15:04,440 Speaker 1: they're like, well, that that shows a lack of social 246 00:15:04,480 --> 00:15:08,040 Speaker 1: communication skills or or um, you know, being able to 247 00:15:08,360 --> 00:15:11,480 Speaker 1: connect with others. But then if you look back at 248 00:15:11,600 --> 00:15:15,560 Speaker 1: historical data, he he he tried to hang out with 249 00:15:15,640 --> 00:15:17,800 Speaker 1: his peers at school, but they didn't like hanging out 250 00:15:17,800 --> 00:15:20,040 Speaker 1: with them because he was too smart for them, so 251 00:15:20,120 --> 00:15:23,160 Speaker 1: they shunned him. So, you know, does that make him 252 00:15:23,200 --> 00:15:27,000 Speaker 1: autistic or does does that mean he had autism spectral 253 00:15:27,040 --> 00:15:31,880 Speaker 1: disorder spectrum disorder or aspergers. You can't say he may have, 254 00:15:31,960 --> 00:15:34,240 Speaker 1: but easy to go back now and put people on 255 00:15:34,280 --> 00:15:36,720 Speaker 1: the on the spectrum. But they do think because he 256 00:15:36,840 --> 00:15:40,400 Speaker 1: was exhumed a few hundred years after his death and 257 00:15:40,520 --> 00:15:44,840 Speaker 1: they found a lot of mercury still like in his 258 00:15:45,080 --> 00:15:49,040 Speaker 1: um system or in his bones, I would guess, um, 259 00:15:49,200 --> 00:15:52,600 Speaker 1: and they think that he inadvertently poisoned himself and that 260 00:15:52,600 --> 00:15:56,480 Speaker 1: that led to his second nervous breakdown and mental decline. Interesting, Yeah, 261 00:15:56,600 --> 00:15:59,040 Speaker 1: all right, Well, let's take a break here and uh 262 00:15:59,200 --> 00:16:18,800 Speaker 1: we'll talk about his schooling years right after this. All right, 263 00:16:18,880 --> 00:16:21,840 Speaker 1: so Newton in school, Uh wasn't a great student in 264 00:16:21,920 --> 00:16:29,000 Speaker 1: high school? Um? He who was the mascot? Was there 265 00:16:29,160 --> 00:16:31,400 Speaker 1: was there one? I don't think so, okay, because I 266 00:16:31,400 --> 00:16:34,000 Speaker 1: thought they were God that would be like really great 267 00:16:34,040 --> 00:16:39,920 Speaker 1: trivia Newton's high school mascot? What was yours in Silanto's mind? 268 00:16:39,960 --> 00:16:43,280 Speaker 1: What you remember Silanto? The kid who's like watching me, 269 00:16:44,240 --> 00:16:46,360 Speaker 1: watching me night. You guys went to the same high school. 270 00:16:46,360 --> 00:16:50,440 Speaker 1: Remember I told you we were the Red and Raiders Raiders? Okay? Yeah, 271 00:16:50,720 --> 00:16:54,400 Speaker 1: and my elementary school was the Red and Little Raiders. Ah. 272 00:16:54,440 --> 00:16:58,680 Speaker 1: That is cute, isn't it? H l I l Um. 273 00:16:58,720 --> 00:17:01,280 Speaker 1: So he wasn't a great student. He was also a 274 00:17:01,360 --> 00:17:04,960 Speaker 1: terrible farmer because of course, being uh the son of 275 00:17:04,960 --> 00:17:07,000 Speaker 1: a farmer. They were like, you need to work on 276 00:17:07,040 --> 00:17:09,560 Speaker 1: the farm. And there are some people that think he'd 277 00:17:09,600 --> 00:17:11,840 Speaker 1: purposefully like he was clearly smart enough to do this, 278 00:17:12,240 --> 00:17:14,280 Speaker 1: but purposely failed at it. So he didn't have to 279 00:17:14,280 --> 00:17:17,800 Speaker 1: do it because he was really into book learning. Uh 280 00:17:17,800 --> 00:17:20,480 Speaker 1: so that makes sense to me. Um, he did continue 281 00:17:20,480 --> 00:17:23,760 Speaker 1: his education because he wasn't farming I went on to Cambridge, 282 00:17:23,800 --> 00:17:27,520 Speaker 1: but UM had to act as a valot to wealthy 283 00:17:27,560 --> 00:17:31,760 Speaker 1: students for a little while. Yeah, way through basically what 284 00:17:31,800 --> 00:17:34,399 Speaker 1: we would consider undergraduate school. Yeah, and then he got 285 00:17:34,440 --> 00:17:38,800 Speaker 1: a scholarship which allowed him to continue UM through his 286 00:17:39,160 --> 00:17:42,760 Speaker 1: uh graduate studies. But all that didn't happen in like 287 00:17:42,840 --> 00:17:45,399 Speaker 1: some smooth things. So he went to school first. His 288 00:17:45,480 --> 00:17:47,840 Speaker 1: mom came back for him, took him out of school, 289 00:17:47,880 --> 00:17:50,040 Speaker 1: tried to set him up as a farmer. He failed 290 00:17:50,040 --> 00:17:53,359 Speaker 1: at that, ended up going to Cambridge, working his way, 291 00:17:53,480 --> 00:17:55,679 Speaker 1: working to pay his own way to Why though, if 292 00:17:55,680 --> 00:17:57,320 Speaker 1: they had money, did they not want to pay for school? 293 00:17:57,359 --> 00:18:00,199 Speaker 1: I wonder. I think maybe his mom wasn't happy about 294 00:18:00,200 --> 00:18:01,840 Speaker 1: it or something. I'm not sure because that's the only 295 00:18:01,840 --> 00:18:03,879 Speaker 1: thing I couldn't figure out, because she didn't have money 296 00:18:04,040 --> 00:18:07,040 Speaker 1: for sure. Um, but he had to pay his own 297 00:18:07,040 --> 00:18:10,240 Speaker 1: way through Cambridge, at least undergrad. And while he was 298 00:18:10,280 --> 00:18:14,960 Speaker 1: there as an undergrad, chuck, he he pursued his own studies. Yeah. 299 00:18:15,000 --> 00:18:17,320 Speaker 1: He basically got a syllabus each quarter, tore it up 300 00:18:17,640 --> 00:18:19,800 Speaker 1: and said, you guys don't know this yet, but I'm 301 00:18:19,840 --> 00:18:25,120 Speaker 1: Isaac Newton and I'm gonna invent a great figgy cookie 302 00:18:25,520 --> 00:18:27,240 Speaker 1: and a lot of other great stuff. That is a 303 00:18:27,280 --> 00:18:31,920 Speaker 1: great figgy cookie. Um So, so he almost he basically 304 00:18:31,920 --> 00:18:35,399 Speaker 1: failed out or almost self educating himself. But there is 305 00:18:35,400 --> 00:18:40,800 Speaker 1: a man named Isaac Barrow who was the Lucazian chair professor, 306 00:18:41,359 --> 00:18:44,359 Speaker 1: and he took a notice of Newton and said, I 307 00:18:44,440 --> 00:18:46,800 Speaker 1: think there's a little more to this kid than appears 308 00:18:46,840 --> 00:18:49,080 Speaker 1: to meet the eye. He was the Robin Williams to 309 00:18:49,280 --> 00:18:54,240 Speaker 1: Newton's Matt Damon precisely, you know, precisely, except Damon was 310 00:18:54,280 --> 00:18:58,280 Speaker 1: a custodian and Newton was an actual student. But he 311 00:18:58,320 --> 00:19:01,800 Speaker 1: did clean rooms too. Yeah, so there is a pretty 312 00:19:01,840 --> 00:19:06,000 Speaker 1: deep parallel there. But um so, Newton got his hands 313 00:19:06,040 --> 00:19:07,920 Speaker 1: on something by the guy who came up with the 314 00:19:07,960 --> 00:19:11,719 Speaker 1: Mercader projection I can't remember his first name, and basically 315 00:19:11,800 --> 00:19:15,159 Speaker 1: took this book and expounded on it um and it 316 00:19:15,280 --> 00:19:17,240 Speaker 1: was just mind blowing stuff that he did. And he 317 00:19:17,280 --> 00:19:20,920 Speaker 1: did it as like a year old. And Barrow got 318 00:19:20,960 --> 00:19:23,480 Speaker 1: his hands on it and said, you need to stick around. 319 00:19:23,520 --> 00:19:26,520 Speaker 1: So he ended up getting him basically a four year 320 00:19:26,600 --> 00:19:29,959 Speaker 1: scholarship for postgraduate studies. Yeah, and not only that, but 321 00:19:30,040 --> 00:19:33,040 Speaker 1: he uh for various reasons which we'll get into here, 322 00:19:33,040 --> 00:19:36,480 Speaker 1: and there. Newton was reluctant to publish a lot of times, 323 00:19:37,000 --> 00:19:40,240 Speaker 1: and Barrow was the one that really helped him say, like, 324 00:19:40,280 --> 00:19:41,719 Speaker 1: you know, you need to get this out there. This 325 00:19:41,760 --> 00:19:45,560 Speaker 1: is great stuff you've got, ye, Matt Damon. Yes, Like 326 00:19:46,080 --> 00:19:47,439 Speaker 1: you know what kind of movies you're going to be 327 00:19:47,480 --> 00:19:52,400 Speaker 1: in after this? Yeah, you're going to be Private Ryan. Yeah. 328 00:19:52,440 --> 00:19:57,040 Speaker 1: You give me Jason Bourne and The Martian. You can't 329 00:19:57,040 --> 00:20:02,080 Speaker 1: think of any other Matt Damon movies. Sure, uh uh 330 00:20:02,320 --> 00:20:06,439 Speaker 1: of course. Oh you're gonna be The Scoundrel and The Departed. Yeah, 331 00:20:07,080 --> 00:20:11,199 Speaker 1: great movie it is. I thought Jack really overdid it 332 00:20:11,240 --> 00:20:14,280 Speaker 1: in that one. Oh. I loved it. Although, dude, I'll 333 00:20:14,280 --> 00:20:18,760 Speaker 1: tell you something. Another movie I saw recently was The Shining. Yeah, 334 00:20:18,760 --> 00:20:20,440 Speaker 1: I did say I saw it recently because I see 335 00:20:20,480 --> 00:20:22,760 Speaker 1: The Shining probably every three months. Yeah, I saw it 336 00:20:22,800 --> 00:20:26,600 Speaker 1: again recently. I think that that might be the best 337 00:20:26,640 --> 00:20:30,600 Speaker 1: movie ever made. It's pretty great, and no joke, I 338 00:20:30,720 --> 00:20:33,879 Speaker 1: really think The Shining might be at least my favorite 339 00:20:33,880 --> 00:20:38,400 Speaker 1: movie of all time. Boy he uh, he can set 340 00:20:38,400 --> 00:20:42,879 Speaker 1: a mood. It is so good and you can watch it. 341 00:20:42,960 --> 00:20:46,560 Speaker 1: I can watch it anytime, any time of year, any 342 00:20:46,560 --> 00:20:52,000 Speaker 1: time of day, any day of the week. Christmas morning exactly. Yeah, 343 00:20:52,040 --> 00:20:53,960 Speaker 1: and I'll enjoy it just as much as I would 344 00:20:53,960 --> 00:20:56,639 Speaker 1: on like Halloween or something. You know, it's my honeymoon night. 345 00:20:56,720 --> 00:21:01,320 Speaker 1: Let's watch the shining right all the normal times. So um, 346 00:21:01,359 --> 00:21:04,960 Speaker 1: Newton eventually, uh, well, actually not eventually. He was forced 347 00:21:04,960 --> 00:21:07,520 Speaker 1: to leave Cambridge for um a little while because the 348 00:21:07,520 --> 00:21:13,200 Speaker 1: bubonic plague swathed through London to the tune of about 349 00:21:13,200 --> 00:21:17,600 Speaker 1: a hundred thousand people dead in six months. That's qui. 350 00:21:17,840 --> 00:21:21,119 Speaker 1: So they closed Cambridge and said everyone go home. He 351 00:21:21,200 --> 00:21:26,400 Speaker 1: went home, and everyone go home to London. He went 352 00:21:26,440 --> 00:21:29,760 Speaker 1: home and h had a what they called later a 353 00:21:29,840 --> 00:21:33,760 Speaker 1: year of miracles. He and us mirabilis uh. And it 354 00:21:33,840 --> 00:21:38,040 Speaker 1: was a little bit mythical, and that supposedly he came 355 00:21:38,119 --> 00:21:40,239 Speaker 1: up with all the great stuff of his career in 356 00:21:40,240 --> 00:21:45,679 Speaker 1: this one year, probably played up for the newspapers or 357 00:21:46,000 --> 00:21:48,600 Speaker 1: you know, for his own reputation of of the age, 358 00:21:48,680 --> 00:21:51,119 Speaker 1: because in reality he did come up with a lot 359 00:21:51,119 --> 00:21:53,399 Speaker 1: of great stuff, but he clearly didn't come up with 360 00:21:53,440 --> 00:21:55,119 Speaker 1: everything in that year. He might have started a lot 361 00:21:55,160 --> 00:21:59,399 Speaker 1: of good uh conversations in his head about things, but um, 362 00:22:00,280 --> 00:22:02,720 Speaker 1: it was a little trumped up that that was the 363 00:22:02,800 --> 00:22:06,720 Speaker 1: year of miracles. So it probably, like you said, there 364 00:22:06,760 --> 00:22:08,720 Speaker 1: were some things I'm sure that he thought of during 365 00:22:08,760 --> 00:22:13,240 Speaker 1: this year. But again, he placed his entire career in 366 00:22:13,280 --> 00:22:17,280 Speaker 1: this one year, including the apple falling from the tree. 367 00:22:17,680 --> 00:22:21,760 Speaker 1: Should we go and cover that? Sure? Did it happen? Uh? 368 00:22:22,320 --> 00:22:26,240 Speaker 1: Probably not, And even if it did, it didn't. Historians 369 00:22:26,240 --> 00:22:30,600 Speaker 1: are like, that is a fairy tale. On its face, 370 00:22:30,800 --> 00:22:33,480 Speaker 1: you can tell it's a fairy tale. But Newton himself 371 00:22:33,560 --> 00:22:35,960 Speaker 1: is like, oh no, this happened. That, this is really true. 372 00:22:36,000 --> 00:22:41,679 Speaker 1: This is where the theory of gravitational um force sure 373 00:22:42,160 --> 00:22:44,240 Speaker 1: came from. Yeah, Like he was laying on the ground, 374 00:22:44,720 --> 00:22:48,320 Speaker 1: supposedly looking up at the moon, wondering, how's that thing 375 00:22:48,359 --> 00:22:52,280 Speaker 1: just sitting up there? Spin off into space? Yeah, apple 376 00:22:52,320 --> 00:22:56,000 Speaker 1: falls and he puts it all together. Sounds kind of unbelievable. 377 00:22:56,000 --> 00:22:58,680 Speaker 1: Sounds like folklore to me, it does. But again he 378 00:22:58,880 --> 00:23:03,040 Speaker 1: promoted this story. He was definitely for somebody who was 379 00:23:04,000 --> 00:23:08,360 Speaker 1: just a hair's breath away from being uh shut in. 380 00:23:09,440 --> 00:23:11,400 Speaker 1: And there was a d in there. It was breadth 381 00:23:11,760 --> 00:23:16,720 Speaker 1: not breath, I know the difference. Um And and he 382 00:23:16,760 --> 00:23:21,119 Speaker 1: didn't have virtually any friends. He had not one, but 383 00:23:21,200 --> 00:23:25,359 Speaker 1: two nervous breakdowns in his lifetimes. Very insecure. He was 384 00:23:25,440 --> 00:23:30,199 Speaker 1: also like an astute self promoter. Yeah, he he had 385 00:23:30,200 --> 00:23:35,720 Speaker 1: a lot of contradictory sort of traits I think so. Um. 386 00:23:35,880 --> 00:23:39,120 Speaker 1: Like we said earlier, he was very much noted for 387 00:23:39,200 --> 00:23:44,600 Speaker 1: his precision with notes and experimentation. Um, with the averaging 388 00:23:44,640 --> 00:23:50,000 Speaker 1: of data and uh what else the scientific method of course, 389 00:23:50,040 --> 00:23:52,440 Speaker 1: putting these things into place. Yeah, the scientific method was 390 00:23:52,480 --> 00:23:55,040 Speaker 1: already around. He didn't come up with a scientific method, 391 00:23:55,080 --> 00:23:59,200 Speaker 1: but he definitely refined it and created the scientific method 392 00:23:59,200 --> 00:24:03,760 Speaker 1: as we recognize as it today under ideal scientific inquiry, 393 00:24:03,920 --> 00:24:07,880 Speaker 1: when when a scientist today follows that scientific procedure, what 394 00:24:07,920 --> 00:24:12,040 Speaker 1: he's doing basically or she is following in Newton's footsteps. 395 00:24:12,400 --> 00:24:14,840 Speaker 1: Like Newton took this thing and said, here's the best 396 00:24:14,880 --> 00:24:20,320 Speaker 1: way to do this. Like you, you make some observations. 397 00:24:20,320 --> 00:24:23,480 Speaker 1: From these observations, you come up with a theory, and 398 00:24:23,520 --> 00:24:26,800 Speaker 1: then you figure out an experiment to test that theory, 399 00:24:27,000 --> 00:24:31,120 Speaker 1: and then you either discard the theory or you um 400 00:24:31,400 --> 00:24:35,000 Speaker 1: you yeah, you test it again until the theory becomes 401 00:24:35,040 --> 00:24:38,080 Speaker 1: basically for all intents of purposes proven, And like you said, 402 00:24:38,119 --> 00:24:40,440 Speaker 1: as a result, after after this coming up with it, 403 00:24:40,680 --> 00:24:45,399 Speaker 1: when he laid this stuff down in his Principia mathematica UM, 404 00:24:45,480 --> 00:24:48,679 Speaker 1: which is his big his not his life's work, but 405 00:24:48,800 --> 00:24:53,879 Speaker 1: his his biggest published work as far as being widely 406 00:24:53,880 --> 00:24:59,960 Speaker 1: accepted and remarkable and game changing. Yes, universe changing quite literally, 407 00:25:00,400 --> 00:25:05,280 Speaker 1: or at least it changed our understanding of the universe. Um. 408 00:25:05,359 --> 00:25:07,680 Speaker 1: When he when he laid all this stuff down, it's it's. 409 00:25:08,440 --> 00:25:11,200 Speaker 1: It wasn't like you could just say it is because 410 00:25:11,240 --> 00:25:13,840 Speaker 1: God wills it anymore. It was like, here is the 411 00:25:13,960 --> 00:25:17,399 Speaker 1: framework for science from here on out. Follow this, this 412 00:25:17,480 --> 00:25:19,800 Speaker 1: is the best practice, and there's math behind all of it. 413 00:25:20,119 --> 00:25:23,200 Speaker 1: And that was another thing too, Like, so let's talk 414 00:25:23,200 --> 00:25:27,320 Speaker 1: about you want to talk about his Principia mathematica. Well, yeah, 415 00:25:27,359 --> 00:25:29,800 Speaker 1: I mean there was just a little thing in there 416 00:25:29,880 --> 00:25:34,200 Speaker 1: called the three laws of motion. No biggie physics at all. Right, 417 00:25:34,359 --> 00:25:39,359 Speaker 1: So there's inertia um, a body that is at rest 418 00:25:39,400 --> 00:25:43,800 Speaker 1: tends to say at rest, acceleration which means things go 419 00:25:43,880 --> 00:25:48,960 Speaker 1: super fast sometimes when they're falling, and action and reaction, 420 00:25:49,040 --> 00:25:53,280 Speaker 1: which is uh, the cub ball theory. Yeah, and those 421 00:25:53,320 --> 00:25:56,520 Speaker 1: are while he didn't completely invent those he he you know, 422 00:25:56,560 --> 00:25:58,720 Speaker 1: Galleo started a lot of that talk, a lot that 423 00:25:58,800 --> 00:26:02,640 Speaker 1: jibber jabber, but Newton really solidified at all, and it's 424 00:26:02,680 --> 00:26:05,200 Speaker 1: remarkable to think that all these years later that's still 425 00:26:05,960 --> 00:26:09,159 Speaker 1: the thing. Well, he solidified it. And so what Galileo 426 00:26:09,240 --> 00:26:12,720 Speaker 1: did was he said, I've observed this, and it seems 427 00:26:12,760 --> 00:26:16,960 Speaker 1: to be universally applicable that if if a ball is 428 00:26:17,000 --> 00:26:20,240 Speaker 1: sitting there on a table and nothing's moving it, no 429 00:26:20,320 --> 00:26:23,200 Speaker 1: wind is blowing, there's no force acting upon it, it's 430 00:26:23,240 --> 00:26:26,879 Speaker 1: not going to spontaneously move. And people went, Galileo, that 431 00:26:26,920 --> 00:26:31,560 Speaker 1: was that's amazing. Can you explain why? And Galileo was like, no. 432 00:26:33,119 --> 00:26:37,520 Speaker 1: Newton came along and he said, I can explain why. 433 00:26:37,600 --> 00:26:39,879 Speaker 1: And he added a third law of motion to that. 434 00:26:39,920 --> 00:26:43,240 Speaker 1: And the whole point was he figured out that everything 435 00:26:44,240 --> 00:26:48,440 Speaker 1: has mass. Everything that has mass has some sort of 436 00:26:48,480 --> 00:26:51,680 Speaker 1: force acting upon it, and as a result, also can 437 00:26:51,720 --> 00:26:55,280 Speaker 1: exert force on other bodies that have mass. And what 438 00:26:55,359 --> 00:26:58,360 Speaker 1: he figured out that force was, or that magical thing, 439 00:26:58,800 --> 00:27:04,480 Speaker 1: was gravity universal gravitation, right, which his law of universal gravitation, 440 00:27:04,480 --> 00:27:08,280 Speaker 1: which is also in the principia Um. And again, I 441 00:27:08,560 --> 00:27:13,520 Speaker 1: don't think you can overstate this, Chuck. People knew that 442 00:27:13,800 --> 00:27:17,280 Speaker 1: like the moon went around the Earth and that it 443 00:27:17,359 --> 00:27:22,000 Speaker 1: was somehow adhered to the Earth, but they didn't really 444 00:27:22,040 --> 00:27:26,560 Speaker 1: know why. And out of nowhere, like no one before 445 00:27:26,680 --> 00:27:30,240 Speaker 1: him had ever suggested, maybe it's this thing called gravity. Newton, 446 00:27:30,920 --> 00:27:36,520 Speaker 1: his perspective of the universe, gave us the idea of gravity. 447 00:27:36,640 --> 00:27:39,120 Speaker 1: It wasn't there before Newton. It's amazing it was there 448 00:27:39,160 --> 00:27:43,960 Speaker 1: because of Newton. It's here now. Like that's a huge contribution, 449 00:27:44,080 --> 00:27:47,719 Speaker 1: just that alone. And he's not one of these scientists. 450 00:27:47,720 --> 00:27:50,200 Speaker 1: It's like a seven century scientist said this, and he 451 00:27:50,280 --> 00:27:52,080 Speaker 1: was close. But it turns out he was wrong in 452 00:27:52,160 --> 00:27:55,640 Speaker 1: every way. But it was a good start, like Einstein, 453 00:27:55,960 --> 00:28:01,040 Speaker 1: although Einstein did go on to change and uh uh 454 00:28:01,240 --> 00:28:04,480 Speaker 1: not adapt well, I guess he adapted. But Newton was 455 00:28:04,520 --> 00:28:06,480 Speaker 1: wrong in some cases. But some of these laws are 456 00:28:06,480 --> 00:28:09,600 Speaker 1: still spot on right. And this is like the mid 457 00:28:09,760 --> 00:28:14,200 Speaker 1: to late six yea. Our understanding of gravity has been 458 00:28:14,200 --> 00:28:18,359 Speaker 1: refined tremendously by by Um Einstein and the idea of 459 00:28:18,640 --> 00:28:21,920 Speaker 1: relativity and quantum mechanics and all that. But for what 460 00:28:21,960 --> 00:28:27,919 Speaker 1: Newton was doing, yes, he explained the universe. He was uh. 461 00:28:27,960 --> 00:28:31,119 Speaker 1: He was the first person to say, you know what, uh, 462 00:28:31,160 --> 00:28:34,879 Speaker 1: this white light you see isn't actually white. It's actually 463 00:28:34,880 --> 00:28:38,080 Speaker 1: a spectrum of colors and everyone's like, what he did 464 00:28:38,080 --> 00:28:40,320 Speaker 1: this as a student, and he said watch this and 465 00:28:40,320 --> 00:28:43,760 Speaker 1: he got out of prism and bam and everyone went, whoa, 466 00:28:44,320 --> 00:28:48,800 Speaker 1: he got out of prison prism. He oh, I got it. Yeah, 467 00:28:48,840 --> 00:28:50,480 Speaker 1: And then we had the Dark Side of the Moon 468 00:28:50,520 --> 00:28:53,080 Speaker 1: album cover, so you can thank Newton for that as well. 469 00:28:53,080 --> 00:28:55,720 Speaker 1: That's right. And he published that in seventeen o four, 470 00:28:55,880 --> 00:28:59,880 Speaker 1: and which is way after he experimented with prisms because 471 00:28:59,880 --> 00:29:02,640 Speaker 1: he was reluctant to publish things a lot. So let's 472 00:29:02,640 --> 00:29:06,520 Speaker 1: talk about that. Was published an optics. Yeah, like magic. 473 00:29:06,960 --> 00:29:11,520 Speaker 1: I guess they dropped magic. Yeah, sometimes magic spelled with 474 00:29:11,560 --> 00:29:13,680 Speaker 1: a K, which you know, it's like the real thing. 475 00:29:16,160 --> 00:29:20,520 Speaker 1: So let's talk about that, chuck. He published um Optics 476 00:29:20,520 --> 00:29:23,840 Speaker 1: in seventeen o four, but he was doing these experiments 477 00:29:24,000 --> 00:29:27,840 Speaker 1: in like the sixteen sixties um, and he didn't publish 478 00:29:27,880 --> 00:29:32,640 Speaker 1: this stuff in part because he could not handle being 479 00:29:32,720 --> 00:29:36,920 Speaker 1: challenged criticized. He did not like it, and he got 480 00:29:36,960 --> 00:29:39,520 Speaker 1: into it a lot. Like part of the scientific revolution 481 00:29:39,520 --> 00:29:41,760 Speaker 1: that was going on was that scientists around the world, 482 00:29:42,200 --> 00:29:45,840 Speaker 1: well at least in the West, we're arguing with one another, 483 00:29:45,880 --> 00:29:49,640 Speaker 1: we're picking apart one another's theories were um corresponding with 484 00:29:49,680 --> 00:29:53,160 Speaker 1: one another about ideas and sharing all these thoughts, but 485 00:29:53,280 --> 00:29:57,760 Speaker 1: a lot of it was contentious and um his first 486 00:29:57,920 --> 00:30:03,400 Speaker 1: Newton's first nervous breakdown came because Robert Hook said that 487 00:30:03,440 --> 00:30:07,320 Speaker 1: he stole some of his ideas, and then they had 488 00:30:07,360 --> 00:30:09,920 Speaker 1: it out in the journals through letters back and forth 489 00:30:10,320 --> 00:30:14,560 Speaker 1: through the life. Yeah, and then he also the Jesuits 490 00:30:14,840 --> 00:30:17,960 Speaker 1: didn't accuse him of stealing any of their ideas, but um, 491 00:30:18,000 --> 00:30:20,479 Speaker 1: he was. He was corresponding with the monastery and they 492 00:30:20,480 --> 00:30:23,280 Speaker 1: were like, we like your your thoughts, but we think 493 00:30:23,320 --> 00:30:26,520 Speaker 1: your experiment might be slightly flawed. And he went for zerk. 494 00:30:26,600 --> 00:30:30,000 Speaker 1: He's like what And then he had a nervous breakdown, 495 00:30:30,240 --> 00:30:34,400 Speaker 1: which was finally completed in sixteen sixty nine. I believe 496 00:30:35,280 --> 00:30:37,600 Speaker 1: with the our sixteen seventy nine, I'm sorry, with the 497 00:30:37,640 --> 00:30:41,160 Speaker 1: death of his mother, so he was doing experiments. He 498 00:30:41,200 --> 00:30:44,400 Speaker 1: started to kind of come out with him publicly. They 499 00:30:44,440 --> 00:30:48,400 Speaker 1: they were challenged in question, he lost his his he 500 00:30:48,440 --> 00:30:51,760 Speaker 1: went berserk. It's probably stems from his rejection from childhood. 501 00:30:51,800 --> 00:30:57,440 Speaker 1: Of course, he withdrew and then throughout the sixteen seventies 502 00:30:57,480 --> 00:31:01,240 Speaker 1: didn't do any kind of um publishing or research. Yeah, 503 00:31:01,240 --> 00:31:03,600 Speaker 1: it kind of went dark. Yeah, then his mom dies 504 00:31:04,360 --> 00:31:06,920 Speaker 1: and then um, he finally comes back out of it 505 00:31:07,000 --> 00:31:09,040 Speaker 1: thanks to the help of like Isaac Barrow, and then 506 00:31:09,120 --> 00:31:12,720 Speaker 1: later on other colleagues like Edmund Haley of Haley's comment, 507 00:31:12,760 --> 00:31:15,280 Speaker 1: and then finally publishes. But if you notice the date 508 00:31:15,360 --> 00:31:18,800 Speaker 1: of the publication of Optics, that comes after Robert Hook, 509 00:31:19,120 --> 00:31:24,280 Speaker 1: who is his lifelong arch nemesis, has died, and they 510 00:31:24,280 --> 00:31:27,800 Speaker 1: never worked it out. There wasn't some like, uh, leave 511 00:31:27,840 --> 00:31:31,720 Speaker 1: on Helm, Robbie robertson deathbed, Hey, I still love you, man, 512 00:31:32,360 --> 00:31:38,560 Speaker 1: Like they died, now, come on, they died bitter rivals. Yeah, 513 00:31:38,920 --> 00:31:43,360 Speaker 1: Newton and uh Hook. I know a band reference is 514 00:31:43,360 --> 00:31:47,560 Speaker 1: probably lost on most people. Just google it. Google the band. Yeah. 515 00:31:47,600 --> 00:31:50,480 Speaker 1: And there's also like a hundred dudes that are like, yes, 516 00:31:51,120 --> 00:31:54,280 Speaker 1: what a reference? What else did he do? How about 517 00:31:54,320 --> 00:31:57,440 Speaker 1: a little something called the reflecting telescope. Yeah, that's a 518 00:31:57,480 --> 00:32:00,280 Speaker 1: big one. Back in the day, refracting tell us hopes 519 00:32:00,280 --> 00:32:03,160 Speaker 1: were all the rage. But you couldn't really focus that 520 00:32:03,280 --> 00:32:05,520 Speaker 1: well on him, which is sort of key with a telescope, 521 00:32:05,560 --> 00:32:07,720 Speaker 1: would be like, is that a stock? Sure, let's call 522 00:32:07,720 --> 00:32:11,960 Speaker 1: it a stock. Uh, and let's name it after me. Um. 523 00:32:12,000 --> 00:32:14,160 Speaker 1: But these mirrors that he said, you know what, dudes, 524 00:32:14,920 --> 00:32:18,920 Speaker 1: let's use lenses. It can be about one twelfth size 525 00:32:19,080 --> 00:32:22,840 Speaker 1: and in focus. Boom, and all of a sudden, like 526 00:32:22,880 --> 00:32:25,160 Speaker 1: if you dropped the average size of a telescope down, 527 00:32:25,920 --> 00:32:29,640 Speaker 1: that would be good enough. Yeah, even if it's still Yeah, 528 00:32:30,000 --> 00:32:32,520 Speaker 1: but he actually improved it as well. That's right, and 529 00:32:32,520 --> 00:32:34,880 Speaker 1: that got him into the Royal Academy when he presented 530 00:32:34,920 --> 00:32:38,240 Speaker 1: it at the urging a Barrow again, I think that 531 00:32:38,320 --> 00:32:42,240 Speaker 1: was Barrow that actually did the presenting, but he said 532 00:32:42,280 --> 00:32:45,320 Speaker 1: it's this guy and just stood off to the side 533 00:32:45,880 --> 00:32:49,920 Speaker 1: with his security blanket around his shoulders. He had his woobie. Uh. 534 00:32:49,960 --> 00:32:53,520 Speaker 1: And he also created a little something that I hate 535 00:32:53,680 --> 00:32:57,720 Speaker 1: called calculus. I and you don't even hate calculus because 536 00:32:57,760 --> 00:33:00,320 Speaker 1: I am that unfamiliar with it. Yeah, had to take 537 00:33:00,360 --> 00:33:02,560 Speaker 1: a calculus class and I wasn't good at it. The 538 00:33:02,600 --> 00:33:07,400 Speaker 1: remarkable thing is he created calculus because the limits of geometry. 539 00:33:07,680 --> 00:33:11,680 Speaker 1: He was like, we need more higher level of math 540 00:33:12,120 --> 00:33:14,680 Speaker 1: to figure this out, and I'm gonna invent it, not 541 00:33:14,800 --> 00:33:17,200 Speaker 1: to figure it out, to explain it makes sense of 542 00:33:17,240 --> 00:33:20,960 Speaker 1: it what he figured out. Yeah, so he's like calculus, 543 00:33:21,000 --> 00:33:24,760 Speaker 1: it's great with things in motion and geometry. Isn't. And 544 00:33:24,800 --> 00:33:26,640 Speaker 1: he was all about, well not all about. He was 545 00:33:26,760 --> 00:33:29,280 Speaker 1: keen on things in motion. Yeah, well you kind of 546 00:33:29,280 --> 00:33:31,760 Speaker 1: needed him, Like you could say, well this, you know, 547 00:33:31,840 --> 00:33:35,840 Speaker 1: an ellipse is is Um. You can describe it geometrically, 548 00:33:35,960 --> 00:33:39,160 Speaker 1: but you can't really describe an orbit of something. It's 549 00:33:39,240 --> 00:33:43,240 Speaker 1: motion in the in an ellipse, just through normal geometry. 550 00:33:43,320 --> 00:33:48,720 Speaker 1: So I'll just invent a supersized version of geometry to 551 00:33:48,760 --> 00:33:53,520 Speaker 1: help explain my discoveries. Yeah, and um, it wasn't nuts. Yeah, 552 00:33:53,560 --> 00:33:56,560 Speaker 1: it wasn't called calculus though. It was called the fluxions, 553 00:33:57,240 --> 00:34:01,000 Speaker 1: which I think, Uh, we should bring back, totally bring 554 00:34:01,040 --> 00:34:04,120 Speaker 1: it back. We should call it. Everyone should call it 555 00:34:04,160 --> 00:34:07,320 Speaker 1: the fluxions. You might as well. I refer to calculus 556 00:34:07,360 --> 00:34:10,320 Speaker 1: so infrequently that I can just call it the flex 557 00:34:10,560 --> 00:34:13,200 Speaker 1: and people be like, what does that mean? I'll say, 558 00:34:13,200 --> 00:34:15,560 Speaker 1: look it up. All right, let's take a break here 559 00:34:15,640 --> 00:34:19,520 Speaker 1: and we will get into the later years of Newton's 560 00:34:19,560 --> 00:34:38,799 Speaker 1: life when things got a little weird. All right, So 561 00:34:38,920 --> 00:34:43,560 Speaker 1: we mentioned his lifelong rivalry with Robert Hook. Um, not 562 00:34:43,760 --> 00:34:47,439 Speaker 1: the pirate, not the pirate? Uh? Was there a pirate 563 00:34:47,480 --> 00:34:50,280 Speaker 1: named Robert Hook? Captain Hook from Peter Pan? Was it Robert. 564 00:34:50,680 --> 00:34:52,360 Speaker 1: I don't know, he didn't have any on it. Know, 565 00:34:52,480 --> 00:34:54,960 Speaker 1: I think I want to say that's James Hook. I 566 00:34:54,960 --> 00:34:58,719 Speaker 1: think James Hook. I think you're right. Um so not 567 00:34:58,840 --> 00:35:03,319 Speaker 1: the pirate U. He also had a rivalry with um. Well, 568 00:35:03,360 --> 00:35:05,800 Speaker 1: he had a rivalry with many scientists. But another dude 569 00:35:06,200 --> 00:35:12,680 Speaker 1: who claimed he invented calculus, Oh Liban's. So that's a 570 00:35:12,680 --> 00:35:17,160 Speaker 1: weird story, the story of calculus. Who invented calculus? Because 571 00:35:17,200 --> 00:35:21,240 Speaker 1: think about it, people don't invent new, more refined forms 572 00:35:21,239 --> 00:35:24,120 Speaker 1: of math every day, do they. Well, they don't. They 573 00:35:24,160 --> 00:35:26,640 Speaker 1: think they might not even the state. Well, when they 574 00:35:26,640 --> 00:35:28,880 Speaker 1: come down off the acid, they realized that it's all 575 00:35:28,960 --> 00:35:31,560 Speaker 1: just chicken scraps and get this tinfoil hat off my head. 576 00:35:31,800 --> 00:35:38,319 Speaker 1: So when when not only Newton said that he created calculus, 577 00:35:38,440 --> 00:35:40,880 Speaker 1: Liban said that he did as well. Within a decade 578 00:35:40,960 --> 00:35:42,839 Speaker 1: or some of each other, there was quite a bit 579 00:35:42,880 --> 00:35:46,239 Speaker 1: of hubbub over who actually created calculus. And to make 580 00:35:46,280 --> 00:35:49,120 Speaker 1: the whole thing even more murky, they had corresponded with 581 00:35:49,160 --> 00:35:54,560 Speaker 1: one another about the ideas of calculus. And scientists aren't 582 00:35:55,640 --> 00:35:57,600 Speaker 1: not all scientists, but polease, don't write in and say 583 00:35:57,640 --> 00:36:00,479 Speaker 1: I'm not like that, but scientists a lot of times 584 00:36:00,480 --> 00:36:02,520 Speaker 1: in history, some of the more notable scientists aren't big 585 00:36:02,560 --> 00:36:05,680 Speaker 1: on being like, yeah, we we totally like help each other. 586 00:36:05,719 --> 00:36:09,600 Speaker 1: It's usually like, no, I invented that, because that's their legacy. 587 00:36:09,920 --> 00:36:12,359 Speaker 1: I think that they're fighting for sure, and sometimes it's 588 00:36:12,400 --> 00:36:15,600 Speaker 1: definitely pride themselves on their legacy. And Newton was probably 589 00:36:15,600 --> 00:36:20,759 Speaker 1: one of them, and big money so he um he 590 00:36:20,880 --> 00:36:23,359 Speaker 1: and Leban's had this ongoing dispute and they had their 591 00:36:23,400 --> 00:36:26,160 Speaker 1: supporters as well. Who who disputed? And it wasn't just 592 00:36:26,239 --> 00:36:30,600 Speaker 1: a Leban's versus Newton in who created calculus. It was 593 00:36:30,640 --> 00:36:36,040 Speaker 1: also the Aisles versus the continent, the Catholics versus the Protestants. 594 00:36:36,120 --> 00:36:38,080 Speaker 1: There were a lot more divisions to it than just 595 00:36:38,120 --> 00:36:42,279 Speaker 1: these two men. But from what I can gather, historians 596 00:36:42,320 --> 00:36:49,200 Speaker 1: now believe that um Liban's and Newton independently developed calculus 597 00:36:49,200 --> 00:36:52,520 Speaker 1: on their own. Really is that the modern way of thinking? Yeah, 598 00:36:53,080 --> 00:36:56,600 Speaker 1: Newton probably beat his notes suggests that he came up 599 00:36:56,640 --> 00:36:59,920 Speaker 1: with calculus before Liban's, but that Leban's came up with 600 00:37:00,040 --> 00:37:03,400 Speaker 1: it on his own as well. Wow, that's pretty remarkable. 601 00:37:03,480 --> 00:37:06,680 Speaker 1: It is. It's almost like a soccer score. Everybody wins, 602 00:37:06,760 --> 00:37:11,640 Speaker 1: you know, Uh. He also in the dark years we 603 00:37:11,640 --> 00:37:13,200 Speaker 1: talked about when he sort of fell off the radar 604 00:37:13,239 --> 00:37:15,879 Speaker 1: and wasn't publishing much. That's when he was getting into 605 00:37:15,920 --> 00:37:19,400 Speaker 1: the alchemy um, which we said, um range is what 606 00:37:19,520 --> 00:37:21,600 Speaker 1: really was was sort of a precursor to chemistry in 607 00:37:21,640 --> 00:37:25,080 Speaker 1: some ways, UM And now we look back on it 608 00:37:25,120 --> 00:37:28,239 Speaker 1: with a little more understanding. At the time though it 609 00:37:28,280 --> 00:37:32,960 Speaker 1: was illegal up until like I think of right before 610 00:37:33,000 --> 00:37:35,759 Speaker 1: his birth, was actually illegal because it was I guess 611 00:37:36,000 --> 00:37:38,640 Speaker 1: like one of the dark arts or something, and they 612 00:37:38,680 --> 00:37:42,200 Speaker 1: were burning people at the stake for practicing alchemy, right, 613 00:37:42,280 --> 00:37:45,440 Speaker 1: which again at the time it was a little fruity, 614 00:37:45,520 --> 00:37:50,880 Speaker 1: you know, but it wasn't so much so that uh, 615 00:37:51,200 --> 00:37:54,600 Speaker 1: it wasn't science wasn't necessarily so close to the concept 616 00:37:54,680 --> 00:38:00,400 Speaker 1: of mystical truths as it is today. Um, So you 617 00:38:00,400 --> 00:38:05,240 Speaker 1: could conceivably be involved in scientific inquiry and find yourself 618 00:38:05,239 --> 00:38:09,120 Speaker 1: going down this alley of alchemy. Even still, Newton was like, 619 00:38:09,719 --> 00:38:11,480 Speaker 1: this would be bad for my name, and I might 620 00:38:11,520 --> 00:38:13,960 Speaker 1: be fired if they found out that I was into alchemy, 621 00:38:13,960 --> 00:38:16,120 Speaker 1: and so he kept it a closely guarded secret. Yeah. 622 00:38:16,200 --> 00:38:18,160 Speaker 1: Not only did he, but his family after his death 623 00:38:18,239 --> 00:38:20,680 Speaker 1: kind of kept that stuff quiet for a while, and 624 00:38:20,920 --> 00:38:23,560 Speaker 1: I think it was the early ninety nineties when all 625 00:38:23,600 --> 00:38:26,520 Speaker 1: of his works were finally published and they were like whoa, Yeah, 626 00:38:26,560 --> 00:38:30,560 Speaker 1: it was really all over the place, well out there. Uh. 627 00:38:30,920 --> 00:38:34,799 Speaker 1: We also mentioned earlier briefly that he thought that um, 628 00:38:34,840 --> 00:38:39,040 Speaker 1: he thought that alchemy was like any ancient riddle, um, 629 00:38:39,080 --> 00:38:42,000 Speaker 1: and it was up to him and other uh, up 630 00:38:42,040 --> 00:38:45,040 Speaker 1: to him, Jehovah sank this unus Yeah, to figure it out, 631 00:38:45,160 --> 00:38:47,400 Speaker 1: and the answer is out there. And he's one in 632 00:38:47,640 --> 00:38:50,560 Speaker 1: a line of great men chosen to do so little 633 00:38:50,600 --> 00:38:55,200 Speaker 1: screwy Yeah at this point, right, m I being cold, 634 00:38:56,200 --> 00:38:58,920 Speaker 1: He believed in the Philosopher's Stone. I have a tremendous 635 00:38:58,920 --> 00:39:03,400 Speaker 1: amount of respect for him, having a scientific mind that 636 00:39:03,480 --> 00:39:06,880 Speaker 1: was open to all sorts of stuff. And again, this 637 00:39:06,920 --> 00:39:08,959 Speaker 1: was the seventeenth century, so let's cut him some slack. 638 00:39:10,000 --> 00:39:11,880 Speaker 1: But he did believe in the Philosopher's Stone, which was 639 00:39:11,920 --> 00:39:17,680 Speaker 1: thought to aid in alchemy cure disease, and um, somethink 640 00:39:18,000 --> 00:39:20,359 Speaker 1: or thought that like the key to eternal life was 641 00:39:20,800 --> 00:39:25,520 Speaker 1: in the Saucerer's stone, Philosopher's Stone. Sorry, that's a whole 642 00:39:25,520 --> 00:39:29,480 Speaker 1: different things, a little different, and chuck um. Not only 643 00:39:29,600 --> 00:39:35,279 Speaker 1: was he into alchemy and mysticism as well. Um, he 644 00:39:35,400 --> 00:39:43,120 Speaker 1: also was very much into uh like obscure Christian stuff too. Yeah. So, 645 00:39:43,200 --> 00:39:45,640 Speaker 1: like one of his pursuits that he amused himself with 646 00:39:45,719 --> 00:39:50,800 Speaker 1: on the side was chronology. He wanted to he believed 647 00:39:50,840 --> 00:39:56,880 Speaker 1: the Bible was a literal history of um the world, 648 00:39:57,280 --> 00:40:00,719 Speaker 1: and that the prophecies in the Bible were directly from 649 00:40:00,760 --> 00:40:03,759 Speaker 1: God who could who who could see to the end 650 00:40:03,760 --> 00:40:05,920 Speaker 1: of time and knew everything that was gonna happen already. 651 00:40:06,200 --> 00:40:09,359 Speaker 1: So everything in the Bible he called a history of 652 00:40:09,480 --> 00:40:14,759 Speaker 1: future events basically. And so his whole thing was, if 653 00:40:14,880 --> 00:40:17,800 Speaker 1: you can go back, now that we understand time keeping 654 00:40:17,920 --> 00:40:22,960 Speaker 1: better and astronomy, you could go back and sink, um, 655 00:40:23,120 --> 00:40:26,600 Speaker 1: things that happened in the Bible to current astronomical dates. 656 00:40:26,760 --> 00:40:28,480 Speaker 1: You can put a current date on them, so you 657 00:40:28,520 --> 00:40:32,000 Speaker 1: could say when, um, you know this happened, when the 658 00:40:33,040 --> 00:40:35,800 Speaker 1: walls of Jericho actually fell, because he believed all this 659 00:40:35,840 --> 00:40:38,680 Speaker 1: stuff happened, or when something might happen in the future exactly. 660 00:40:38,960 --> 00:40:42,839 Speaker 1: And apparently he did just that. He interpreted this one 661 00:40:42,920 --> 00:40:45,520 Speaker 1: section of the Bible about the end of the world coming, 662 00:40:45,800 --> 00:40:51,200 Speaker 1: and he dated it to coming up. We'll see, So uh, 663 00:40:51,320 --> 00:40:54,840 Speaker 1: I read a little blurb from a scholar of on 664 00:40:55,000 --> 00:40:58,120 Speaker 1: Newton who said, like he, this is something he did 665 00:40:58,160 --> 00:41:00,120 Speaker 1: to amuse himself in private. It was never meant for 666 00:41:00,200 --> 00:41:03,400 Speaker 1: perfect consumption. But he probably would have believed that he 667 00:41:03,440 --> 00:41:07,480 Speaker 1: got that date right. Oh really, Yeah, he he worried 668 00:41:07,640 --> 00:41:11,680 Speaker 1: about getting dates wrong and didn't think that people should 669 00:41:11,960 --> 00:41:14,880 Speaker 1: mess around with stuff like that because you are fallible 670 00:41:14,960 --> 00:41:19,920 Speaker 1: and in setting dates like that. Um, which is probably 671 00:41:19,960 --> 00:41:23,000 Speaker 1: why he never meant it for publication. But he probably 672 00:41:23,000 --> 00:41:25,319 Speaker 1: thought he was right. Yeah, and that had he lived 673 00:41:25,360 --> 00:41:26,920 Speaker 1: in twenty six he would have seen the end of 674 00:41:26,920 --> 00:41:31,120 Speaker 1: the world. He also dabbled in something called arianism, which uh, 675 00:41:32,600 --> 00:41:35,239 Speaker 1: has nothing to do with white people. Um, it was, 676 00:41:35,360 --> 00:41:38,239 Speaker 1: it was. It was actually a priest named Arius from 677 00:41:38,280 --> 00:41:41,719 Speaker 1: Libya is the Olivian priest who came up with this. 678 00:41:41,960 --> 00:41:45,920 Speaker 1: And the idea is that um the Holy Trinity, Father, Son, 679 00:41:46,000 --> 00:41:50,040 Speaker 1: holy Spirit. And in Christian theology it disrupted that and 680 00:41:50,080 --> 00:41:52,400 Speaker 1: said that Jesus may have been created by God, but 681 00:41:52,440 --> 00:41:56,120 Speaker 1: he is not divine. If you believe in arianism, that's 682 00:41:56,160 --> 00:41:59,480 Speaker 1: what you believe. And Newton was an adherent of arianism, 683 00:41:59,480 --> 00:42:03,560 Speaker 1: which super popular at the time or ever. Probably it 684 00:42:03,640 --> 00:42:06,839 Speaker 1: was basically stamped out by the seventh century, and here's 685 00:42:06,880 --> 00:42:12,160 Speaker 1: Newton in the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth century. Yeah, he's like, 686 00:42:12,200 --> 00:42:13,880 Speaker 1: oh this, this makes a lot of sense to me. 687 00:42:14,280 --> 00:42:17,560 Speaker 1: What an obscure, arcane thing to think of. And he 688 00:42:17,719 --> 00:42:21,359 Speaker 1: got into a religion in college. Actually another weird thing 689 00:42:21,440 --> 00:42:24,120 Speaker 1: to do, even at that time. Yeah, that's when you 690 00:42:24,160 --> 00:42:26,279 Speaker 1: get out of religion. Sure, that's when you started to 691 00:42:26,360 --> 00:42:29,360 Speaker 1: question things, right, that's when he got into it. Apparently 692 00:42:29,400 --> 00:42:30,960 Speaker 1: one of the first things that he did he was 693 00:42:31,000 --> 00:42:32,960 Speaker 1: a bit of a prude. One of the first things 694 00:42:32,960 --> 00:42:35,680 Speaker 1: he did was um, right down a list of every 695 00:42:35,719 --> 00:42:40,000 Speaker 1: sin he ever committed. And they weren't exactly groundbreaking, like 696 00:42:40,200 --> 00:42:43,640 Speaker 1: um Silverman points out that one of them was he 697 00:42:43,719 --> 00:42:48,640 Speaker 1: broke the Sabbath by baking pies one Sunday. How dare 698 00:42:48,680 --> 00:42:51,360 Speaker 1: he like? This is the kind of sins that he's like. 699 00:42:51,400 --> 00:42:53,400 Speaker 1: He also said he wanted to burn his mother and 700 00:42:53,440 --> 00:42:56,759 Speaker 1: stepfather alive in their home, which was one of the 701 00:42:56,800 --> 00:42:59,120 Speaker 1: sins he recorded. So he did have a darker side, 702 00:42:59,320 --> 00:43:02,080 Speaker 1: did he really? Oh yeah, oh we really did. That 703 00:43:02,160 --> 00:43:03,920 Speaker 1: wasn't a joke. I thought. I was like, that was 704 00:43:03,920 --> 00:43:06,440 Speaker 1: a weird joke. No, he had quite arranged from baking 705 00:43:06,440 --> 00:43:11,680 Speaker 1: pies to burning his parents alive, like just wanting to though, right, yeah, Okay, 706 00:43:11,800 --> 00:43:14,000 Speaker 1: he didn't make an attempt to r no, no, no, no, 707 00:43:14,120 --> 00:43:17,560 Speaker 1: that was yeah, the sin was threatening to her, wanting 708 00:43:17,600 --> 00:43:19,759 Speaker 1: to I'm not sure if he got verbalized it or 709 00:43:19,760 --> 00:43:22,120 Speaker 1: if he just thought it in his head. Yeah, but 710 00:43:22,320 --> 00:43:27,080 Speaker 1: like he was a rejected little kid, and yeah, yeah, 711 00:43:27,120 --> 00:43:31,120 Speaker 1: who wouldn't want So we're talking about arianism though there's 712 00:43:31,280 --> 00:43:37,439 Speaker 1: um it's a very heretical thought that Jesus isn't divine, 713 00:43:38,120 --> 00:43:41,759 Speaker 1: but that you should still worship him, right, Yeah, it 714 00:43:42,320 --> 00:43:44,839 Speaker 1: was a very unusual line of thinking, right, and and 715 00:43:45,000 --> 00:43:48,280 Speaker 1: like critics of that kind of thinking say, well that 716 00:43:48,280 --> 00:43:53,000 Speaker 1: that worships um poly or that creates poly theism because 717 00:43:53,000 --> 00:43:56,720 Speaker 1: you're worshiping God, but you're also worshiping Jesus, who's not divine. 718 00:43:57,160 --> 00:43:59,720 Speaker 1: You're a wrong wrong wrong, wrong wrong. And the Council 719 00:43:59,719 --> 00:44:02,640 Speaker 1: of New See you UM, which was a learned council 720 00:44:02,680 --> 00:44:05,759 Speaker 1: that basically decided what went into the Bible UH in 721 00:44:05,800 --> 00:44:09,400 Speaker 1: the fourth century, said uh, no, the Trinity is absolutely 722 00:44:09,400 --> 00:44:13,399 Speaker 1: correct and anything against that is heresy and you should 723 00:44:13,440 --> 00:44:16,200 Speaker 1: be burned at the state. So even that, UM, I 724 00:44:16,239 --> 00:44:19,920 Speaker 1: get the impression that his fellow dons at Cambridge I 725 00:44:20,160 --> 00:44:23,440 Speaker 1: knew that he was into Arianism, or if they didn't, 726 00:44:23,560 --> 00:44:27,319 Speaker 1: they may have suspected that he had unorthodox beliefs about Christianity, 727 00:44:27,640 --> 00:44:30,320 Speaker 1: and so that just created an even wider gulf between 728 00:44:30,400 --> 00:44:33,080 Speaker 1: him and and the people who he saw on a 729 00:44:33,160 --> 00:44:37,360 Speaker 1: daily basis. Well, he definitely thought that Catholicism and uh 730 00:44:37,520 --> 00:44:41,040 Speaker 1: some other like branches of major religions were very corrupt 731 00:44:41,560 --> 00:44:45,319 Speaker 1: and not to be trusted. Uh, yeah, he was. He 732 00:44:45,400 --> 00:44:50,120 Speaker 1: was an odd guy. Uh, we can't get that across enough. Um. 733 00:44:50,200 --> 00:44:52,280 Speaker 1: Later in life, but he did not sit on his laurels. 734 00:44:52,520 --> 00:44:55,759 Speaker 1: Later in life, he was made uh he accepted a 735 00:44:55,760 --> 00:45:00,799 Speaker 1: position at the mint um and apparently that that sort 736 00:45:00,840 --> 00:45:04,160 Speaker 1: of sounds like the old I'm going to retire as 737 00:45:04,160 --> 00:45:07,560 Speaker 1: the CEO and work as a consultant, Like I'll make 738 00:45:07,640 --> 00:45:10,319 Speaker 1: more money than I did ever before for not doing 739 00:45:10,400 --> 00:45:13,279 Speaker 1: much work. Um. Apparently that was the deal with the mint. 740 00:45:13,320 --> 00:45:15,040 Speaker 1: He got appointed later on in your life to the 741 00:45:15,080 --> 00:45:16,319 Speaker 1: mint and he kind of just made a lot of 742 00:45:16,320 --> 00:45:18,239 Speaker 1: dough and didn't do much. He was like, no, no, 743 00:45:18,239 --> 00:45:20,719 Speaker 1: no, no no, no, I'm gonna actually do something. He like 744 00:45:20,760 --> 00:45:23,719 Speaker 1: three years later became master of the Mint and he 745 00:45:23,920 --> 00:45:27,480 Speaker 1: is the one responsible for changing the English pound standard 746 00:45:27,480 --> 00:45:30,000 Speaker 1: from sterling to gold. Is that right? Yes, he was 747 00:45:30,000 --> 00:45:32,719 Speaker 1: actually trying to get things done and he went after counterfeiters, 748 00:45:33,200 --> 00:45:37,000 Speaker 1: went after counterfeiters. Pretty interesting. Yeah, not bad. He was 749 00:45:37,040 --> 00:45:39,919 Speaker 1: also later in life elected the president of the Royal 750 00:45:39,960 --> 00:45:43,520 Speaker 1: Society of London, which is the Academy of Sciences in 751 00:45:43,520 --> 00:45:46,040 Speaker 1: in the UK. Yeah, he was a member of parliament. 752 00:45:46,080 --> 00:45:49,000 Speaker 1: He's elected to parliament, but he yes, he was twice. 753 00:45:49,160 --> 00:45:52,480 Speaker 1: And actually he was knighted in seventeen o five and 754 00:45:52,520 --> 00:45:57,240 Speaker 1: the Queen apparently knighted him for political reasons. She wanted 755 00:45:57,440 --> 00:46:00,319 Speaker 1: to help He was standing for parliament again and she 756 00:46:00,360 --> 00:46:03,920 Speaker 1: wanted to help his chances of being elected, so she 757 00:46:04,040 --> 00:46:07,920 Speaker 1: united him, not for his scientific achievements because of the 758 00:46:07,920 --> 00:46:11,200 Speaker 1: election of se five. It didn't help. He still didn't 759 00:46:11,239 --> 00:46:14,040 Speaker 1: unseat the guy that she wanted out of office, but 760 00:46:14,200 --> 00:46:17,600 Speaker 1: he got knighted anyway. Good for him. Yeah, what a 761 00:46:17,680 --> 00:46:23,240 Speaker 1: complex dude. Yeah, there's a T shirt just a picture 762 00:46:23,280 --> 00:46:27,120 Speaker 1: of him complex dude underneath, and we should We didn't 763 00:46:27,120 --> 00:46:32,360 Speaker 1: really talk quite enough about it, but he definitely stole 764 00:46:32,440 --> 00:46:35,719 Speaker 1: people's ideas in certain ways. There's a guy named um 765 00:46:36,120 --> 00:46:40,319 Speaker 1: John Flamsteed, and he, like Newton, used a lot of 766 00:46:40,400 --> 00:46:43,280 Speaker 1: his work to help form the basis of his theory 767 00:46:43,280 --> 00:46:48,440 Speaker 1: of universal gravitation, and Um Flamsteed, I guess, rubbed Newton 768 00:46:48,480 --> 00:46:52,319 Speaker 1: the wrong way, and Newton just removed any reference to 769 00:46:52,360 --> 00:46:55,959 Speaker 1: Flamsteed in his second edition of the Principia. I think 770 00:46:56,000 --> 00:46:59,200 Speaker 1: all scientists build on the backs of those who came 771 00:46:59,239 --> 00:47:02,319 Speaker 1: before them. But it's been it'd be cool to say, like, 772 00:47:02,719 --> 00:47:04,600 Speaker 1: and this would not have been possible without the work 773 00:47:04,600 --> 00:47:07,720 Speaker 1: of Flamsteed, not like, oh you know what, let's redact 774 00:47:07,760 --> 00:47:09,000 Speaker 1: that and took his name out of there because I 775 00:47:09,000 --> 00:47:11,560 Speaker 1: think it's a jerk. I don't like how it's spelled. Yeah. 776 00:47:11,760 --> 00:47:14,520 Speaker 1: We'll end with his epitaph, though, because it definitely gets 777 00:47:14,560 --> 00:47:19,320 Speaker 1: the point across I think correctly. His epithap says, mortals rejoice. 778 00:47:19,400 --> 00:47:22,720 Speaker 1: That's so great an ornament to the human race. Wow. 779 00:47:22,960 --> 00:47:28,440 Speaker 1: I thought it was business in front, party in the rear. No, 780 00:47:28,640 --> 00:47:32,800 Speaker 1: he invented the mullet. You know. Oh, I know, you're ready. 781 00:47:33,040 --> 00:47:36,600 Speaker 1: I'm ready. If you want to know more about Isaac Newton, 782 00:47:36,960 --> 00:47:39,680 Speaker 1: type those words into the search part how stuff works 783 00:47:39,719 --> 00:47:42,719 Speaker 1: dot Com. Since I said search parts time for listener mail. 784 00:47:45,520 --> 00:47:50,520 Speaker 1: I'm gonna call this don't yuck someone's yum. Hey, guys, 785 00:47:50,520 --> 00:47:54,319 Speaker 1: after listening, after listening for years, love you guys. Your 786 00:47:54,360 --> 00:47:57,440 Speaker 1: Christmas episode had me yelling at my iPhone and I 787 00:47:57,480 --> 00:47:59,279 Speaker 1: decided I need to send a note. You were both 788 00:47:59,320 --> 00:48:02,160 Speaker 1: adamant about ever even trying fruitcake and then went on 789 00:48:02,239 --> 00:48:05,120 Speaker 1: to insult it with open barrels. I probably would have 790 00:48:05,120 --> 00:48:06,960 Speaker 1: agreed with you three weeks ago, because I also never 791 00:48:07,040 --> 00:48:09,440 Speaker 1: touched a fruitcake or eating one. However, last week I 792 00:48:09,520 --> 00:48:13,400 Speaker 1: finally looked at the ingredients was amazed. Sugar, molasses, ginger, 793 00:48:13,719 --> 00:48:17,120 Speaker 1: fruit loaded with rum. Uh, there is rum in the batter, 794 00:48:17,200 --> 00:48:19,719 Speaker 1: and when done baking, you actually drizzle with more rum, 795 00:48:20,080 --> 00:48:22,560 Speaker 1: wrap it and cheeseball to soak it in even more 796 00:48:22,800 --> 00:48:25,319 Speaker 1: with rum. The only bad thing I can figure out 797 00:48:25,320 --> 00:48:28,719 Speaker 1: about fruitcake is that this particular recipe needs to sit 798 00:48:28,800 --> 00:48:33,200 Speaker 1: and rum for ten weeks before eating. So just because 799 00:48:33,239 --> 00:48:35,480 Speaker 1: you have not tried fruitcake, you shouldn't be such naysayers. 800 00:48:35,920 --> 00:48:39,320 Speaker 1: Give fruitcake a break. My nephew has several rules, and 801 00:48:39,400 --> 00:48:42,920 Speaker 1: rule number four is don't yuck someone's yum. You know 802 00:48:43,120 --> 00:48:47,400 Speaker 1: that that's absolutely true. We were total youm yunkers. Uh. 803 00:48:47,440 --> 00:48:49,319 Speaker 1: And as soon as I read this, I was like, man, 804 00:48:49,400 --> 00:48:51,719 Speaker 1: I was a young yunker. I need to try fruitcake. 805 00:48:51,880 --> 00:48:54,560 Speaker 1: Apparently there's this thing going on where Slate was like 806 00:48:55,040 --> 00:48:57,480 Speaker 1: beer is too much hops in it? What's the deal? 807 00:48:57,560 --> 00:48:59,960 Speaker 1: I've seen a lot of some somebody like that. It's 808 00:49:00,040 --> 00:49:02,040 Speaker 1: hate down of it. That went viral. That was like, 809 00:49:02,080 --> 00:49:03,680 Speaker 1: what what is it to you? If you don't like 810 00:49:03,840 --> 00:49:06,279 Speaker 1: hops and your beer drinking different kinds of beer, why 811 00:49:06,320 --> 00:49:08,880 Speaker 1: do you have to publish an article about how you 812 00:49:09,000 --> 00:49:12,920 Speaker 1: don't like hops. At the same time, it's like, really, 813 00:49:13,280 --> 00:49:15,840 Speaker 1: is that taking away from your enjoyment of your happy 814 00:49:15,920 --> 00:49:18,319 Speaker 1: beer to know that somebody at Slate doesn't like it. 815 00:49:18,719 --> 00:49:21,400 Speaker 1: I think what I've heard the complaint of, and this 816 00:49:21,480 --> 00:49:23,600 Speaker 1: is on the Stuff you Should Know message board and otherwise, 817 00:49:24,320 --> 00:49:27,400 Speaker 1: is that non hops enthusiasts are aggravated that the craft 818 00:49:27,400 --> 00:49:31,759 Speaker 1: beer movement these days is way too hoppy and it's 819 00:49:31,800 --> 00:49:34,800 Speaker 1: hard to find things other than pale ales and I 820 00:49:34,880 --> 00:49:37,440 Speaker 1: p a s. But that's not true. There's plenty of 821 00:49:37,520 --> 00:49:40,640 Speaker 1: craft beers out there that aren't p seems to be 822 00:49:40,680 --> 00:49:42,240 Speaker 1: that there's a lot of i pas, but it seems 823 00:49:42,239 --> 00:49:43,480 Speaker 1: like a lot of people love them. That's probably what 824 00:49:43,560 --> 00:49:46,480 Speaker 1: they're making them, right, Like I can't stand barley wines. 825 00:49:46,560 --> 00:49:49,160 Speaker 1: But you don't hear me saying I can't stand barley wines. 826 00:49:50,000 --> 00:49:52,040 Speaker 1: They're discussed much. Let's take the time to write an 827 00:49:52,080 --> 00:49:55,480 Speaker 1: article about it. Yeah, who cares? Yeah, I guess I'm 828 00:49:55,520 --> 00:49:59,160 Speaker 1: conflicted about all this. They're both sides are wrong. Big 829 00:49:59,160 --> 00:50:01,760 Speaker 1: shout out to our friend at Creature Comforts and Athens 830 00:50:01,760 --> 00:50:06,360 Speaker 1: and they're delicious Tropicalia, which made I think their brewery 831 00:50:06,719 --> 00:50:09,520 Speaker 1: was one of the top five best new breweries according 832 00:50:09,520 --> 00:50:13,839 Speaker 1: to uh maybe Forbes some big magazine and a huge 833 00:50:13,840 --> 00:50:16,160 Speaker 1: shout out checked the Bowler Beer Company, who sent us 834 00:50:16,160 --> 00:50:19,680 Speaker 1: a bunch of huge bombers that were awesome. And um, 835 00:50:20,520 --> 00:50:22,560 Speaker 1: I gave the barley wine one to know by the way, 836 00:50:22,600 --> 00:50:25,120 Speaker 1: I really he like just soaked his beard in it 837 00:50:25,160 --> 00:50:27,239 Speaker 1: and let it seep in. Yeah. And while we're talking 838 00:50:27,239 --> 00:50:31,399 Speaker 1: about free booze, I was lucky enough to take home 839 00:50:31,440 --> 00:50:34,160 Speaker 1: the shaker and spoonbox that got sent to us. What 840 00:50:34,719 --> 00:50:38,200 Speaker 1: it's like Blue Apron, but for cocktails. They send you 841 00:50:38,280 --> 00:50:41,799 Speaker 1: everything but the booze, including like a zester. I needed 842 00:50:41,840 --> 00:50:44,279 Speaker 1: a zester, like all the different kinds of like, um, 843 00:50:44,440 --> 00:50:49,040 Speaker 1: Demoera syrup and everything you need plus cocktail recipes. You've 844 00:50:49,040 --> 00:50:52,360 Speaker 1: been enjoying it. Oh, I, it's already long gone enjoyed. 845 00:50:52,920 --> 00:50:55,160 Speaker 1: They were great. It's just like ad bourbon and follow 846 00:50:55,239 --> 00:50:58,360 Speaker 1: the recipes, but they're like really sophisticated smart recipes that 847 00:50:58,400 --> 00:51:01,720 Speaker 1: you may never try that are like all the ingredients 848 00:51:01,719 --> 00:51:04,120 Speaker 1: you need an easy instructions. So it was good. And 849 00:51:04,440 --> 00:51:07,520 Speaker 1: the guy said, I think his name is Mike. He said, 850 00:51:07,560 --> 00:51:09,239 Speaker 1: if you and Jerry wanted to box, he was totally 851 00:51:09,280 --> 00:51:13,160 Speaker 1: hooked up. I strongly recommend. Yes, there were more than 852 00:51:13,200 --> 00:51:16,799 Speaker 1: one tincture in the box. Uh and um to follow up, 853 00:51:17,280 --> 00:51:19,800 Speaker 1: there's the longest list you mail ever on the Brooklyn 854 00:51:19,920 --> 00:51:23,799 Speaker 1: or I'm sorry the Boulder h Beer Company. Uh, You're 855 00:51:24,400 --> 00:51:26,560 Speaker 1: hoodie T shirt that you sent me is one of 856 00:51:26,560 --> 00:51:29,040 Speaker 1: my favorite new shirts. Yes and where all the time. Yes, 857 00:51:29,040 --> 00:51:32,440 Speaker 1: he does alright, so that wait, hold on, it might 858 00:51:32,480 --> 00:51:35,879 Speaker 1: as well. Thank Little Bit Sweets for the nice and 859 00:51:35,960 --> 00:51:39,640 Speaker 1: thank you very much to Mona Collin Tinne and her 860 00:51:39,719 --> 00:51:43,280 Speaker 1: family for sending the box. The annual box of Christmas 861 00:51:43,280 --> 00:51:49,000 Speaker 1: goodies that's always the precursor to our administring industry. Oh 862 00:51:49,040 --> 00:51:51,360 Speaker 1: and thank you to the hex they sent us like 863 00:51:51,400 --> 00:51:54,279 Speaker 1: a bunch of Corrabas gift certificates that we're gonna use 864 00:51:54,320 --> 00:51:56,480 Speaker 1: for lunch. Oh really Yeah, and a bunch of other 865 00:51:56,520 --> 00:51:57,920 Speaker 1: stuff too. But I mean like they sent us a 866 00:51:58,000 --> 00:52:01,759 Speaker 1: significant amount of Rob's gift. Ki, you got this in 867 00:52:01,840 --> 00:52:05,560 Speaker 1: your wallet? Yeah, I got them tucked in my cheek. Uh. 868 00:52:05,560 --> 00:52:09,680 Speaker 1: So that is from Caroline from New York and her nephew. 869 00:52:10,200 --> 00:52:14,120 Speaker 1: We didn't mean to yuck the yum. Yeah, you're right, nephew. Yep. 870 00:52:14,400 --> 00:52:17,600 Speaker 1: Sometimes kids can set adult straight. Yeah, just don't do 871 00:52:17,640 --> 00:52:23,359 Speaker 1: it much or you'll get the old belt. Just kidding. Uh. 872 00:52:23,400 --> 00:52:25,880 Speaker 1: If you want to get in touch with us to 873 00:52:26,160 --> 00:52:28,520 Speaker 1: send us stuff, to send us an email to take 874 00:52:28,600 --> 00:52:31,400 Speaker 1: us task coop cares. You can send us an email 875 00:52:31,400 --> 00:52:33,839 Speaker 1: to Stuff podcast at how Stuff Works dot com. You 876 00:52:33,880 --> 00:52:36,120 Speaker 1: can join us on Facebook dot com, slash stuff you 877 00:52:36,120 --> 00:52:38,279 Speaker 1: Should Know. You can tweet to us at s y 878 00:52:38,440 --> 00:52:40,640 Speaker 1: s K podcast, and you can hang out with us 879 00:52:40,680 --> 00:52:42,640 Speaker 1: at our home on the web, Stuff you Should Know 880 00:52:42,719 --> 00:52:59,160 Speaker 1: dot com