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Speaker 1: This Day in History Class is a production of I

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Speaker 1: Heart Radio. Hello everyone, I'm Eaves and welcome to This

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Speaker 1: Day in History Class, a podcast where you really do

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Speaker 1: learn something new every day. I hope you all are

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Speaker 1: still doing well. I'm doing well, still recording here in

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Speaker 1: my closet. I know that the days can get pretty

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Speaker 1: long and sometimes monotonous, but I do hope that this

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Speaker 1: podcast brings something new into each of your days, into

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Speaker 1: each of your lives. So let's get on with the show.

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Speaker 1: Today is the Day was a ninety the League of

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Speaker 1: Nations and intergovernmental organization that formed after the First World

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Speaker 1: War ended was dissolved. The League of Nations was the

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Speaker 1: predecessor of the United Nations. Back in nineteen fourteen, British

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Speaker 1: political scientist named Goldsworthy Lows Dickinson drew up a scheme

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Speaker 1: for an international organization to maintain peace and called it

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Speaker 1: the League of Nations. Dickinson, along with the British academic

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Speaker 1: and politician Lord Bryce, founded a group of international pacifists

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Speaker 1: in the US. In nineteen fifteen, a similar organization called

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Speaker 1: the League to Enforce Peace formed. It promoted arbitration and

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Speaker 1: imposing sanctions rather than going to war. In nineteen eighteen,

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Speaker 1: the British Foreign Secretary Lord Balfour appointed a Committee on

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Speaker 1: the League of Nations to study the feasibility of creating

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Speaker 1: such an organization. The committee was known as the Phillimore

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Speaker 1: Commission after its chairman, Walter Fillmore. The Phillimore Commission recommended

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Speaker 1: the establishment of a Conference of Allied States whose members

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Speaker 1: agreed not to go to war with one another without

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Speaker 1: first submitting the dispute to arbitration. In June of nineteen eighteen,

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Speaker 1: France also drafted a proposal advocating the establishment of an

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Speaker 1: International Council. After US President Woodrow Wilson saw the Phillimore Plan,

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Speaker 1: he instructed his adviser, Edward House to draft a US

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Speaker 1: plan that incorporated his own views in those of the

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Speaker 1: Phillimore Commission. Some of Wilson's views were idealistic. For instance,

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Speaker 1: he suggested the prohibition of dishonorable behavior between states, such

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Speaker 1: as dishonesty and espionage. World War One ended in November

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Speaker 1: of nineteen eighteen when Germany signed an armistice agreement with

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Speaker 1: the Allies. The Treaty of Versailles, signed on June nineteen nineteen,

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Speaker 1: ended the war between Germany and the Allied Powers. An

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Speaker 1: estimated twenty million people died in the war, as militaries

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Speaker 1: were able to cause a lot of destruction with new

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Speaker 1: technologies like tanks, airplanes, and machine guns. Beyond the casual tees,

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Speaker 1: political economic and social structures broke down. In the wake

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Speaker 1: of the war, people began to demand that some sort

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Speaker 1: of method be established to help prevent another devastating war

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Speaker 1: from happening. There was a lot of support in the

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Speaker 1: UK and the United States for an international body that

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Speaker 1: could maintain peace and prevent further wars. British politician Lord

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Speaker 1: Robert Cecil and South African statesman Yon Smuts were the

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Speaker 1: principal drafters of the Covenant of the League of Nations.

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Speaker 1: By the time the Paris Peace Conference began in January

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Speaker 1: of nineteen nineteen, the proposals for the League of Nations

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Speaker 1: had gone through several revisions, but that month delegates agreed

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Speaker 1: to form the League of Nations. Part one of the

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Speaker 1: Treaty of Versailles established the League of Nations. In June

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Speaker 1: of nineteen nineteen, forty four countries signed the Covenant, which

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Speaker 1: served as a charter for the organization. The League of

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Speaker 1: Nations was officially established on January tenth, nineteen twenty, when

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Speaker 1: it Covenant went into effect, it held its first meeting

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Speaker 1: on January six. The US never joined the League, whose

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Speaker 1: headquarters were at Geneva. Though the organization did successfully mediate

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Speaker 1: minor international disputes, it did not prevent the outbreak of

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Speaker 1: the Second World War in nineteen thirty nine. It was

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Speaker 1: dissolved on April nineteen forty six. After the United Nations

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Speaker 1: was established, The United Nations continued many of the operations

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Speaker 1: that existed under the League of Nations, like the Committee

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Speaker 1: of Intellectual Cooperation, which became UNESCO, and the Health Organization,

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Speaker 1: which became the World Health Organization. I'm eve Chef Coche,

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Speaker 1: and hopefully you know a little more about history today

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Speaker 1: than you did yesterday. If you'd like to send us

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Speaker 1: a comment or you have any questions, you can send

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Speaker 1: us a note on social media where at t d

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Speaker 1: I h C podcast. You can also send us a

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Speaker 1: note via email at this day at heart media dot com.

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Speaker 1: Thanks again for listening to the show, and we'll see

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Speaker 1: you tomorrow. M For more podcasts from my Heart Radio,

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