1 00:00:00,040 --> 00:00:03,640 Speaker 1: Hey, y'all, Eve's here. Today's episode contains not just one, 2 00:00:03,840 --> 00:00:07,080 Speaker 1: but two nuggets of history. Consider it a double feature. 3 00:00:07,400 --> 00:00:12,680 Speaker 1: Enjoy the show Hi Um, Eve's Welcome to this Day 4 00:00:12,680 --> 00:00:15,600 Speaker 1: in History Class, a show that reveals a little bit 5 00:00:15,640 --> 00:00:27,600 Speaker 1: more about history day by day. The day was June one. 6 00:00:28,840 --> 00:00:31,880 Speaker 1: Mom taz Ma Hall, a beloved wife of Mughal Emperor 7 00:00:31,920 --> 00:00:35,800 Speaker 1: Shah Jaha, died just after she gave birth to a child. 8 00:00:36,600 --> 00:00:39,400 Speaker 1: It was the fourteenth child she gave birth to, with 9 00:00:39,600 --> 00:00:43,640 Speaker 1: seven of those children dying in infancy. But after she 10 00:00:43,680 --> 00:00:47,240 Speaker 1: gave birth to her last child and died, Shah Jaha 11 00:00:47,440 --> 00:00:50,519 Speaker 1: was devastated and he soon ordered the building of the 12 00:00:50,560 --> 00:00:53,800 Speaker 1: taj Mahal as a tomb and monument to the couple's love. 13 00:00:55,120 --> 00:00:58,800 Speaker 1: Mom taz Mahal was born r dumon Banu Begum and Agra, 14 00:00:59,040 --> 00:01:03,320 Speaker 1: India and fifth teen. Her mother was a princess of 15 00:01:03,320 --> 00:01:07,520 Speaker 1: the Persian nobility. Her father, Asaf Khan, was a member 16 00:01:07,560 --> 00:01:11,800 Speaker 1: of the nobility of the Mughal dynasty. Prince karam As 17 00:01:11,800 --> 00:01:15,480 Speaker 1: Shah Jaha was then known met r jumand by new Begum. 18 00:01:15,560 --> 00:01:18,440 Speaker 1: At a royal bazaar around the year sixteen oh seven 19 00:01:19,560 --> 00:01:23,120 Speaker 1: at the time, Begam was fifteen years old and the 20 00:01:23,160 --> 00:01:27,679 Speaker 1: prince was fourteen years old. Begum's father would soon be 21 00:01:27,760 --> 00:01:30,680 Speaker 1: the Prime minister and her aunt was married to Prince 22 00:01:30,720 --> 00:01:34,600 Speaker 1: Karam's father. Begum was at the bazaar selling silks and 23 00:01:34,680 --> 00:01:38,760 Speaker 1: glass beads. As the story goes, Prince Karaan paid ten 24 00:01:38,840 --> 00:01:42,039 Speaker 1: thousand rupees for what Begam claimed was a diamond but 25 00:01:42,240 --> 00:01:45,039 Speaker 1: may have been a piece of glass. The prince was 26 00:01:45,080 --> 00:01:50,040 Speaker 1: immediately enamored with Begam. Prince Kardam soon asked his father, 27 00:01:50,400 --> 00:01:56,000 Speaker 1: Emperor Jahangir, for permission to marry Begam. Jahangir approved the marriage, 28 00:01:56,200 --> 00:01:59,360 Speaker 1: but first Prince Karam had to marry a Persian princess 29 00:01:59,520 --> 00:02:04,120 Speaker 1: named Dahari Begum for political reasons, but by Muslim law 30 00:02:04,280 --> 00:02:07,800 Speaker 1: he was allowed to have four wives. He later married 31 00:02:07,840 --> 00:02:12,560 Speaker 1: a third wife, but on an auspicious day in sixteen twelve, Arjaman, 32 00:02:12,720 --> 00:02:16,040 Speaker 1: by new Begum became Prince Karam's second wife. When they 33 00:02:16,040 --> 00:02:20,519 Speaker 1: got married, As what we expected, the wedding was lavish, 34 00:02:20,680 --> 00:02:27,239 Speaker 1: with musicians, dancers, and enslaved people who carried torches. Once 35 00:02:27,280 --> 00:02:30,040 Speaker 1: they got married, Emperor Jahan and Gear gave Begum the 36 00:02:30,120 --> 00:02:34,839 Speaker 1: name Mamtaz Mahal. Momtaz Mahal means jewel or chosen one 37 00:02:34,960 --> 00:02:40,000 Speaker 1: of the palace Begum was the Prince's favorite wife. Mahal 38 00:02:40,040 --> 00:02:44,839 Speaker 1: became an adviser, advocated for disenfranchised people in India, and 39 00:02:44,960 --> 00:02:48,280 Speaker 1: once the prince succeeded his father and became Shah Jaha, 40 00:02:48,600 --> 00:02:51,960 Speaker 1: she went to war with her husband. When she was 41 00:02:52,040 --> 00:02:55,280 Speaker 1: pregnant with her fourteenth child, she went with Shah Jaha 42 00:02:55,360 --> 00:02:58,000 Speaker 1: on one of his military campaigns in the Deccand Plateau. 43 00:02:58,960 --> 00:03:02,840 Speaker 1: On June seventeen, sixteen thirty one, after giving birth to 44 00:03:02,960 --> 00:03:06,680 Speaker 1: her last child, the Empress died of postpartum hemorrhage and 45 00:03:06,720 --> 00:03:11,240 Speaker 1: complications due to repeated childbirth. She had gone through thirty 46 00:03:11,280 --> 00:03:14,320 Speaker 1: hours of delivery pain, and her lady in waiting and 47 00:03:14,440 --> 00:03:17,720 Speaker 1: doctor had tried to keep her from dying, but Mom 48 00:03:17,760 --> 00:03:21,280 Speaker 1: Taz didn't make it and sha Jaha was grief stricken. 49 00:03:22,440 --> 00:03:25,680 Speaker 1: Mom Taz mah Hall was buried at Bordhanpur where she died. 50 00:03:26,480 --> 00:03:30,120 Speaker 1: Her body was later transferred to Agra. In his grief, 51 00:03:30,320 --> 00:03:34,679 Speaker 1: the Emperor turned away from his military campaigns and towards architecture. 52 00:03:35,440 --> 00:03:38,520 Speaker 1: Historians debate whether Shah Jaha came up with the idea 53 00:03:38,600 --> 00:03:41,880 Speaker 1: for the taj Mahal or mom taz Did on her deathbed, 54 00:03:42,400 --> 00:03:45,360 Speaker 1: but in sixteen thirty two construction began on mom taz 55 00:03:45,440 --> 00:03:49,040 Speaker 1: Is Mausoleum, the taj Mahal and Agra on the Yamina River. 56 00:03:49,920 --> 00:03:53,480 Speaker 1: The building was opulent with white marble, precious and semi 57 00:03:53,480 --> 00:03:58,320 Speaker 1: precious stones, calligraphy, and a garden. Mom taz Is casket 58 00:03:58,400 --> 00:04:01,160 Speaker 1: was put in the center of the pal scrypt beneath 59 00:04:01,160 --> 00:04:05,320 Speaker 1: the central dome and the main inner chamber. Construction was 60 00:04:05,400 --> 00:04:11,240 Speaker 1: insanely expensive, costing several million rupees. The mausoleum was completed 61 00:04:11,280 --> 00:04:14,520 Speaker 1: around sixteen thirty eight or sixteen thirty nine, the other 62 00:04:14,600 --> 00:04:19,240 Speaker 1: buildings by sixteen forty three, and decoration continued for years afterwards. 63 00:04:20,240 --> 00:04:23,159 Speaker 1: Shah Jaha spent his last years as a prisoner in 64 00:04:23,200 --> 00:04:26,880 Speaker 1: his palace at Agra. He died in January of sixteen 65 00:04:26,920 --> 00:04:30,920 Speaker 1: sixty six. He was buried with Mumtaz Mahal in the 66 00:04:31,000 --> 00:04:35,160 Speaker 1: crypt below the taj Mahal. There are theories that the 67 00:04:35,240 --> 00:04:37,840 Speaker 1: taj Mahal was not built as a symbol of love 68 00:04:37,920 --> 00:04:40,600 Speaker 1: to Mom taz Ma Hall, but was a representation of 69 00:04:40,680 --> 00:04:43,760 Speaker 1: a divine throne on Judgment Day or of a House 70 00:04:43,880 --> 00:04:47,680 Speaker 1: of Paradise. Some people have said that the Emperor would 71 00:04:47,720 --> 00:04:50,440 Speaker 1: have built a similar building even if mom toaz Ma 72 00:04:50,520 --> 00:04:54,520 Speaker 1: Hall had not died. I'm Eves, Jeff Ko, and hopefully 73 00:04:54,600 --> 00:04:57,000 Speaker 1: you know a little more about history today than you 74 00:04:57,120 --> 00:05:01,440 Speaker 1: did yesterday. You can learn more about history by following 75 00:05:01,560 --> 00:05:06,640 Speaker 1: us on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram at t d I 76 00:05:07,200 --> 00:05:11,000 Speaker 1: h C podcast. But if you are not yet tired 77 00:05:11,080 --> 00:05:13,920 Speaker 1: of learning about history, you can listen to a new 78 00:05:14,000 --> 00:05:18,040 Speaker 1: podcast that I host called Unpopular. Unpopular is about people 79 00:05:18,080 --> 00:05:21,159 Speaker 1: in history who challenge the status quo and we're often 80 00:05:21,279 --> 00:05:24,640 Speaker 1: persecuted for it. You can listen anywhere. You listen to 81 00:05:24,760 --> 00:05:28,600 Speaker 1: This Day in History Class. Thanks again and we'll see 82 00:05:28,640 --> 00:05:37,880 Speaker 1: you tomorrow. Hey, y'all, I'm Eves and welcome to This 83 00:05:38,040 --> 00:05:40,920 Speaker 1: Day in History Class, a podcast that flips through the 84 00:05:40,960 --> 00:05:43,880 Speaker 1: book of history and tears out a single page every day. 85 00:05:51,240 --> 00:05:55,560 Speaker 1: The day was June eighteen forty three. A clash between 86 00:05:55,640 --> 00:05:59,640 Speaker 1: British immigrants and Maori, known as the Wira Incident, took 87 00:05:59,680 --> 00:06:03,320 Speaker 1: play on the South Island in New Zealand. It was 88 00:06:03,360 --> 00:06:07,039 Speaker 1: the first major armed conflict between Maori and British immigrants 89 00:06:07,120 --> 00:06:10,479 Speaker 1: after the Signing of the Treaty of Waitangi. The New 90 00:06:10,600 --> 00:06:14,040 Speaker 1: Zealand Company was a British joint stock company responsible for 91 00:06:14,120 --> 00:06:17,280 Speaker 1: the colonization of New Zealand in the eighteen hundreds. Its 92 00:06:17,360 --> 00:06:22,040 Speaker 1: founder and director, Edward Gibbon Wakefield, believed that a successful 93 00:06:22,120 --> 00:06:25,760 Speaker 1: colony needed to attract a balance of capitalists and laborers. 94 00:06:26,880 --> 00:06:29,440 Speaker 1: The company claimed to have purchased land in the Cook 95 00:06:29,520 --> 00:06:34,400 Speaker 1: Straight Readon and established settlements at Wellington and Nelson while 96 00:06:34,440 --> 00:06:38,040 Speaker 1: the Europeans were purchasing land in New Zealand. Representatives of 97 00:06:38,160 --> 00:06:41,000 Speaker 1: the British Crown and Maori chiefs signed the Treaty of 98 00:06:41,080 --> 00:06:45,880 Speaker 1: Waitangi in May of eighteen forty. Lieutenant Governor William Hobson 99 00:06:46,040 --> 00:06:49,400 Speaker 1: declared British sovereignty over New Zealand. Since the Treaty of 100 00:06:49,480 --> 00:06:53,680 Speaker 1: Waitangi was signed, there has been debate over its terms, interpretations, 101 00:06:54,160 --> 00:06:57,360 Speaker 1: and differences between the Maori text and the English text. 102 00:06:58,480 --> 00:07:01,240 Speaker 1: The treaty was meant to recognize Maory ownership of their 103 00:07:01,360 --> 00:07:04,479 Speaker 1: lands and give Maori people the rights of British subjects. 104 00:07:05,120 --> 00:07:10,080 Speaker 1: That said, many Maori were later dispossessed of their lands. Anyway, 105 00:07:10,240 --> 00:07:13,160 Speaker 1: The New Zealand Company promoted the country as a Britain 106 00:07:13,280 --> 00:07:16,400 Speaker 1: of the South, and it began to organize large scale 107 00:07:16,480 --> 00:07:20,280 Speaker 1: migration to New Zealand, but the fertile land required for 108 00:07:20,440 --> 00:07:23,920 Speaker 1: all the Europeans migrating to New Zealand did not actually exist. 109 00:07:24,480 --> 00:07:27,920 Speaker 1: The company was failing because arable land was limited, land 110 00:07:27,960 --> 00:07:31,720 Speaker 1: titles were uncertain, there were too many absentee landowners, and 111 00:07:32,040 --> 00:07:34,880 Speaker 1: there was no real way to generate income through exports. 112 00:07:35,960 --> 00:07:38,920 Speaker 1: By eighteen forty three, the immigrants were struggling with food 113 00:07:38,960 --> 00:07:43,200 Speaker 1: supply and the company was basically bankrupt. Throughout the early 114 00:07:43,280 --> 00:07:47,640 Speaker 1: eighteen forties, more European immigrants arrived in Nelson, despite conflict 115 00:07:47,720 --> 00:07:50,480 Speaker 1: between Maori chiefs over claims to the land being sold. 116 00:07:51,640 --> 00:07:53,640 Speaker 1: But when it became clear that there was not enough 117 00:07:53,680 --> 00:07:57,200 Speaker 1: arable land around Nelson for the immigrants, the company began 118 00:07:57,320 --> 00:08:01,200 Speaker 1: moving forward with plans to survey the wira Plane. Maori 119 00:08:01,280 --> 00:08:04,640 Speaker 1: chiefs Nati too A, Ta ral Paraja and others were 120 00:08:04,680 --> 00:08:09,120 Speaker 1: adamant that the company had not purchased this land. Despite 121 00:08:09,160 --> 00:08:12,560 Speaker 1: this opposition, the company ordered survey parties to begin work 122 00:08:12,600 --> 00:08:16,040 Speaker 1: in the Waira Valley, so some of the chiefs went 123 00:08:16,120 --> 00:08:19,280 Speaker 1: to the Waira and evicted the surveyors. They burned some 124 00:08:19,400 --> 00:08:22,040 Speaker 1: of the shelters that had been made from local materials, 125 00:08:22,400 --> 00:08:27,120 Speaker 1: and destroyed some of the surveyor's equipment. Police Magistrate Augustus 126 00:08:27,160 --> 00:08:29,920 Speaker 1: Thompson issued a warrant for the arrest of the involved 127 00:08:30,040 --> 00:08:34,079 Speaker 1: chiefs on charges of arson. A group of about fifties 128 00:08:34,120 --> 00:08:37,200 Speaker 1: Special constables were sent to Waira to execute the warrant. 129 00:08:37,679 --> 00:08:42,640 Speaker 1: They were armed but inexperienced. On June set three, the 130 00:08:42,720 --> 00:08:45,200 Speaker 1: company party arrived on the eastern side of the Tua 131 00:08:45,280 --> 00:08:48,880 Speaker 1: Marina stream. Maori gathered on the other side of the stream. 132 00:08:49,720 --> 00:08:53,080 Speaker 1: It's unclear exactly what triggered the fighting, though some Maori 133 00:08:53,120 --> 00:08:55,959 Speaker 1: accounts say that a chief's wife may have died first 134 00:08:56,120 --> 00:08:59,920 Speaker 1: from a stray shot. Regardless of fight ensued in twenty 135 00:09:00,080 --> 00:09:03,360 Speaker 1: to Europeans, and somewhere between four and nine Maori died. 136 00:09:04,520 --> 00:09:07,559 Speaker 1: Many European immigrants feared that this was the beginning of 137 00:09:07,600 --> 00:09:12,000 Speaker 1: a larger Maori insurrection. When the new governor, Robert fitz 138 00:09:12,120 --> 00:09:15,000 Speaker 1: Roy arrived in New Zealand that December, he was tasked 139 00:09:15,080 --> 00:09:18,480 Speaker 1: with dealing with the aftermath of the incident. He determined 140 00:09:18,600 --> 00:09:20,840 Speaker 1: that the Maori chiefs had been provoked by the New 141 00:09:20,920 --> 00:09:24,839 Speaker 1: Zealand Company which continued the survey despite lacking evidence for 142 00:09:24,960 --> 00:09:29,760 Speaker 1: legitimate claims to the land. The Colonial Office supported this conclusion. 143 00:09:30,360 --> 00:09:33,599 Speaker 1: It was pragmatic, as war would have been expensive and 144 00:09:33,840 --> 00:09:36,920 Speaker 1: would have worse in the condition of European immigrants, but 145 00:09:37,120 --> 00:09:41,480 Speaker 1: fitz Roy was soon replaced by another governor. I'm Eve 146 00:09:41,600 --> 00:09:44,320 Speaker 1: Jeff Coo and hopefully you know a little more about 147 00:09:44,440 --> 00:09:47,719 Speaker 1: history today than you did yesterday. And if you have 148 00:09:47,800 --> 00:09:50,280 Speaker 1: any commerce oarce suggestions, you can send them to as 149 00:09:50,400 --> 00:09:53,439 Speaker 1: via email where at this day at I heeart media 150 00:09:53,520 --> 00:09:55,720 Speaker 1: dot com. You can also hit us up on social 151 00:09:55,800 --> 00:10:00,559 Speaker 1: media where at t d I HC podcast. Thanks so 152 00:10:00,720 --> 00:10:02,680 Speaker 1: much for listening to the show and we'll see you tomorrow. 153 00:10:09,520 --> 00:10:11,839 Speaker 1: For more podcasts from I Heart Radio, visit the iHeart 154 00:10:11,880 --> 00:10:14,360 Speaker 1: Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your 155 00:10:14,360 --> 00:10:15,000 Speaker 1: favorite shows.