1 00:00:00,320 --> 00:00:02,960 Speaker 1: Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve Cammeray. 2 00:00:03,200 --> 00:00:08,920 Speaker 1: It's ready. Are you get in touch with technology? With 3 00:00:09,080 --> 00:00:18,080 Speaker 1: tech Stuff from how stuff works dot com. Greetings, programs, 4 00:00:18,520 --> 00:00:20,759 Speaker 1: Welcome to tech stuff. My name is Chris Pellette, and 5 00:00:20,760 --> 00:00:22,680 Speaker 1: I am an editor here at how stuff works dot com. 6 00:00:22,680 --> 00:00:25,320 Speaker 1: Sitting across from me as always a senior writer Jonathan 7 00:00:25,360 --> 00:00:29,360 Speaker 1: Strickland Hale and well met Vedge and tools. Oh well, 8 00:00:29,360 --> 00:00:32,480 Speaker 1: now that's a completely different era. Yeah, well that's where 9 00:00:32,479 --> 00:00:35,360 Speaker 1: we're kind of going. We're gonna start this off with 10 00:00:35,400 --> 00:00:43,879 Speaker 1: a little listener mail. This listener mail comes from Annette, 11 00:00:43,880 --> 00:00:48,800 Speaker 1: and a net says dear John and Chris, but especially John. Hello, 12 00:00:48,840 --> 00:00:50,720 Speaker 1: my name is Annette, and I'm a listener of Josh 13 00:00:50,720 --> 00:00:54,480 Speaker 1: and Chuck's podcast. She left that bit out. I suggested 14 00:00:54,520 --> 00:00:57,240 Speaker 1: that they do a podcast about the Renaissance fair phenomenon 15 00:00:57,360 --> 00:01:00,840 Speaker 1: and creative anachronism. They referred me to you because you're 16 00:01:00,840 --> 00:01:04,520 Speaker 1: going to star in a Renaissance Fair. I understand that 17 00:01:04,560 --> 00:01:07,240 Speaker 1: this is not a typical tech stuff topic, but Josh 18 00:01:07,280 --> 00:01:09,959 Speaker 1: seems certain that you can work it in somehow. What 19 00:01:10,000 --> 00:01:12,680 Speaker 1: do you think by the way they say you guys 20 00:01:12,680 --> 00:01:17,800 Speaker 1: smell their words not mine best, Annett. Of course, I 21 00:01:17,800 --> 00:01:21,000 Speaker 1: think we've we've already fired back with the you smell 22 00:01:21,520 --> 00:01:25,760 Speaker 1: uh volley that that went up a couple of weeks ago. Yeah. Frankly, 23 00:01:25,920 --> 00:01:28,959 Speaker 1: I'm not sure how we evolved into you smell, No, 24 00:01:29,200 --> 00:01:31,120 Speaker 1: you smell, but I don't want to get into that. 25 00:01:31,200 --> 00:01:35,200 Speaker 1: They started it, they started it well, Annette, thank you 26 00:01:35,280 --> 00:01:38,120 Speaker 1: very much for the email, and yes it is true. Uh, 27 00:01:38,280 --> 00:01:43,000 Speaker 1: I am in a local Renaissance festival. Um, just so 28 00:01:43,160 --> 00:01:46,440 Speaker 1: you know, my character's name is Lord Admiral Edmund Vane 29 00:01:46,440 --> 00:01:50,240 Speaker 1: Glory the third as not a joke. And we're gonna 30 00:01:50,320 --> 00:01:58,600 Speaker 1: talk today about the tech of fifteen ten years ago. 31 00:01:58,720 --> 00:02:00,480 Speaker 1: Does that mean we need to get in the machine. 32 00:02:01,080 --> 00:02:03,520 Speaker 1: Let's not do that because it would be an entire 33 00:02:03,600 --> 00:02:06,640 Speaker 1: episode in the past and I think Liz would kill us. 34 00:02:08,120 --> 00:02:11,280 Speaker 1: But we are talking about the the technology of fifteen tens, 35 00:02:11,360 --> 00:02:15,760 Speaker 1: so let's set the stage a bit. Fifteen ten. King 36 00:02:15,840 --> 00:02:18,360 Speaker 1: Henry the Eighth has been on the throne for a 37 00:02:18,400 --> 00:02:24,880 Speaker 1: full year. Really he should never mind, No, not King 38 00:02:24,960 --> 00:02:30,080 Speaker 1: Henry the Eighth has ruled England for a full year. Uh. Yeah, 39 00:02:30,120 --> 00:02:32,640 Speaker 1: he he was coordinated in fifteen o nine, got married 40 00:02:32,680 --> 00:02:37,040 Speaker 1: to uh to Cat his first wife, Cat. We're really close. 41 00:02:37,639 --> 00:02:40,079 Speaker 1: Actually no we're not, because he was divorced by the time. 42 00:02:40,120 --> 00:02:45,200 Speaker 1: Well anyway, so fifteen o nine, fifteen ten, sorry, fifteen ten. 43 00:02:46,440 --> 00:02:49,520 Speaker 1: We're what kind of technology was around at this time? 44 00:02:49,600 --> 00:02:54,239 Speaker 1: And can we really call it technology? One of the uh, 45 00:02:54,560 --> 00:02:57,320 Speaker 1: of course we could call it technology. I mean lots 46 00:02:57,320 --> 00:02:59,360 Speaker 1: of things are technology, they just don't seem like it 47 00:02:59,400 --> 00:03:01,160 Speaker 1: now that we live in an age where there are 48 00:03:01,160 --> 00:03:03,920 Speaker 1: lots of circuits and things that beep. I thought that 49 00:03:03,960 --> 00:03:05,680 Speaker 1: was an important point to make, and I'm glad you 50 00:03:05,720 --> 00:03:09,480 Speaker 1: made it. Um Yeah, because I mean, thinking back to 51 00:03:09,520 --> 00:03:14,800 Speaker 1: our what's better paper or digital podcasts? I was thinking, well, 52 00:03:14,840 --> 00:03:17,000 Speaker 1: you know, paper is a technology. Before they had that, 53 00:03:17,040 --> 00:03:22,080 Speaker 1: we really didn't have some kind of portable, lightweight method 54 00:03:22,080 --> 00:03:24,960 Speaker 1: by which information could be preserved like that. I mean, 55 00:03:25,240 --> 00:03:30,680 Speaker 1: tables were not lightweight, nor were they particularly uh strong. 56 00:03:30,760 --> 00:03:35,520 Speaker 1: They didn't last forever, you know pretty yeah, yes, stone 57 00:03:35,640 --> 00:03:38,280 Speaker 1: is pretty sturdy. Well, not the easiest thing to write on. 58 00:03:38,560 --> 00:03:40,920 Speaker 1: Just just in making my point, I'll make this short. 59 00:03:41,160 --> 00:03:43,520 Speaker 1: Thinking about things like data rot in where you have 60 00:03:44,280 --> 00:03:47,600 Speaker 1: a DVD or a CD that lasts fifty years or 61 00:03:47,640 --> 00:03:49,640 Speaker 1: something like that. A piece of paper with ink on 62 00:03:49,680 --> 00:03:51,760 Speaker 1: that if you protect it can last longer than that. 63 00:03:51,920 --> 00:03:55,119 Speaker 1: So these are I'm just saying, okay, so very good. 64 00:03:55,200 --> 00:03:58,080 Speaker 1: The tricky part I found in researching this is all 65 00:03:58,120 --> 00:04:01,960 Speaker 1: the stuff that was invented in fifteen ten. I really 66 00:04:02,000 --> 00:04:04,200 Speaker 1: it's kind of hard to find anything that was specifically 67 00:04:04,200 --> 00:04:06,880 Speaker 1: invented in fifteen ten, but that lost lots of technology 68 00:04:06,920 --> 00:04:09,360 Speaker 1: actually had been going on before that, because they in 69 00:04:09,400 --> 00:04:12,640 Speaker 1: Europe we were going through the Renaissance right right now 70 00:04:12,680 --> 00:04:15,520 Speaker 1: in England. Parts in England you would probably call this 71 00:04:15,640 --> 00:04:18,680 Speaker 1: the High Middle Ages because really you get into the 72 00:04:18,680 --> 00:04:21,440 Speaker 1: Elizabethan era, that's when you start talking about the Renaissance 73 00:04:21,480 --> 00:04:23,800 Speaker 1: in England. But yes, other parts of the world were 74 00:04:24,560 --> 00:04:27,120 Speaker 1: far more advanced than England at this point. In fact, 75 00:04:27,120 --> 00:04:29,960 Speaker 1: if you look at places like China or or the 76 00:04:29,960 --> 00:04:33,600 Speaker 1: Middle East, they had made advances in technology that put 77 00:04:34,240 --> 00:04:38,000 Speaker 1: medieval Europe to shame. Um So, but we'll get into 78 00:04:38,080 --> 00:04:40,160 Speaker 1: some of that. Let's talk a little bit about some 79 00:04:40,200 --> 00:04:42,520 Speaker 1: of the things that you might have seen had you 80 00:04:42,560 --> 00:04:45,720 Speaker 1: been walking around medieval Europe in fifteen ten, the kind 81 00:04:45,760 --> 00:04:50,520 Speaker 1: of technologies you might encounter. All Right, So if you 82 00:04:50,600 --> 00:04:55,120 Speaker 1: were a sailor and you were in England in fifteen ten, 83 00:04:55,279 --> 00:04:57,400 Speaker 1: and you were one of the King's favorites, you might 84 00:04:57,440 --> 00:05:00,479 Speaker 1: get a chance to serve aboard the fla bag ship 85 00:05:00,640 --> 00:05:03,800 Speaker 1: of what was the brand new Royal Navy of England, 86 00:05:04,279 --> 00:05:08,159 Speaker 1: the flagship being called the Mary Rose. Yes Mary m 87 00:05:08,200 --> 00:05:11,440 Speaker 1: A r y not m E r r y uh 88 00:05:11,600 --> 00:05:15,039 Speaker 1: named as far as we know, after Henry the eighth 89 00:05:15,200 --> 00:05:20,480 Speaker 1: sister then, and the Mary Rose was a fairly new 90 00:05:20,600 --> 00:05:24,599 Speaker 1: kind of vessel um in England at the time it was. 91 00:05:24,880 --> 00:05:28,480 Speaker 1: It was had a carvel hull. Carvel hall, by the way, 92 00:05:28,680 --> 00:05:31,279 Speaker 1: does not mean it was Fudgi the whale or cookie pus. 93 00:05:32,880 --> 00:05:35,760 Speaker 1: It's not that kind of carvel Yeah, now I'm all 94 00:05:35,800 --> 00:05:39,760 Speaker 1: hungry a lot. Sorry. Um No, The carvel hall was 95 00:05:40,040 --> 00:05:43,919 Speaker 1: a specific way of building a ship previous to carvel 96 00:05:44,040 --> 00:05:48,760 Speaker 1: hall or the the the clinker ships. A clinker ship 97 00:05:49,000 --> 00:05:54,320 Speaker 1: was a made by making overland overlapping planks and then 98 00:05:54,360 --> 00:05:57,240 Speaker 1: you had a little frame that you could attach to that. 99 00:05:57,960 --> 00:06:01,400 Speaker 1: So the planks were the most important part. But the 100 00:06:01,480 --> 00:06:05,159 Speaker 1: carvel hull was used a strong framework and then used 101 00:06:05,560 --> 00:06:10,400 Speaker 1: planks that fit against each other, um in a more 102 00:06:10,480 --> 00:06:14,440 Speaker 1: or less a seamless fashion. Um. They weren't really possible 103 00:06:14,520 --> 00:06:17,960 Speaker 1: until you invented the saw. So it turns out the 104 00:06:18,000 --> 00:06:20,560 Speaker 1: saw was very important as far as the development of 105 00:06:20,720 --> 00:06:26,200 Speaker 1: naval warfare is concerned. High technology. Yeah, So you would 106 00:06:26,200 --> 00:06:28,400 Speaker 1: put these planks next to each other, you would calk them. 107 00:06:28,440 --> 00:06:31,000 Speaker 1: So that's water tight. Also very important as it turns out, 108 00:06:31,000 --> 00:06:36,760 Speaker 1: for boats, and it provided the opportunity to introduce watertight 109 00:06:36,839 --> 00:06:40,039 Speaker 1: gun poarts also very important. So the gun ports. That 110 00:06:40,040 --> 00:06:44,520 Speaker 1: allows you to put the guns closer to the the waterline, 111 00:06:45,279 --> 00:06:47,120 Speaker 1: you know, and you could close the gun ports and 112 00:06:47,160 --> 00:06:49,400 Speaker 1: you uh they were since they were watertight, you didn't 113 00:06:49,440 --> 00:06:51,640 Speaker 1: have to worry about water coming into the ship and 114 00:06:51,640 --> 00:06:55,440 Speaker 1: having a capsize. And uh that was that was actually 115 00:06:55,440 --> 00:06:57,599 Speaker 1: really important in that if you wanted to carry a 116 00:06:57,600 --> 00:07:00,280 Speaker 1: lot of guns on your ship, you couldn't just them 117 00:07:00,279 --> 00:07:03,119 Speaker 1: all on the deck. If you did, then that would 118 00:07:03,120 --> 00:07:05,360 Speaker 1: make the deck, it would make the ship top heavy, 119 00:07:05,600 --> 00:07:08,599 Speaker 1: so whenever you would turn, you would have the the 120 00:07:08,600 --> 00:07:12,200 Speaker 1: the danger of capsizing. This actually happened. There was a 121 00:07:13,240 --> 00:07:17,000 Speaker 1: a ship that was built about fifty or sixty years 122 00:07:17,000 --> 00:07:21,200 Speaker 1: before the time we're talking about, where it was the 123 00:07:21,200 --> 00:07:24,280 Speaker 1: most magnificent ship you had ever seen, tons and tons 124 00:07:24,280 --> 00:07:25,960 Speaker 1: of guns on it. They put a whole bunch of 125 00:07:25,960 --> 00:07:29,280 Speaker 1: men on it launched it immediately at capsized sank everyone 126 00:07:29,360 --> 00:07:33,480 Speaker 1: died because it was too top heavy. Now, the mary 127 00:07:33,560 --> 00:07:36,360 Speaker 1: Rose had a different design where you could have guns 128 00:07:36,400 --> 00:07:39,000 Speaker 1: on the deck and guns on a gun deck beneath 129 00:07:39,080 --> 00:07:45,360 Speaker 1: the the deck deck de yeah, okay deck and this 130 00:07:45,360 --> 00:07:47,320 Speaker 1: this was that sounds like it's kind of you know, 131 00:07:47,360 --> 00:07:50,480 Speaker 1: basic stuff, but this is the sort of technology that 132 00:07:51,000 --> 00:07:54,760 Speaker 1: that Europeans began to depend upon in naval warfare, which 133 00:07:54,960 --> 00:07:59,520 Speaker 1: started to play a larger role from about fifteen onward. Um. 134 00:07:59,520 --> 00:08:01,680 Speaker 1: And when I say that the mary Rose was the 135 00:08:01,720 --> 00:08:03,960 Speaker 1: flagship of the British Navy, you should keep in mind 136 00:08:04,000 --> 00:08:06,360 Speaker 1: that the British Navy at that time consisted of about 137 00:08:06,480 --> 00:08:09,720 Speaker 1: thirty ships total. Yeah, and a lot of those were 138 00:08:09,760 --> 00:08:13,800 Speaker 1: merchant ships that had been conscripted into the navy. You know, 139 00:08:13,840 --> 00:08:16,840 Speaker 1: cannon at that time were not made of cast iron. 140 00:08:17,320 --> 00:08:21,400 Speaker 1: They were made of wrought iron and bronze um. But 141 00:08:21,480 --> 00:08:25,080 Speaker 1: they did have exploding shot yes um, which would I 142 00:08:25,080 --> 00:08:27,800 Speaker 1: imagine be pretty nasty if you happen to be on 143 00:08:27,800 --> 00:08:29,800 Speaker 1: one of the other ships. Yeah, it's not something you 144 00:08:29,840 --> 00:08:33,240 Speaker 1: want to get hit with. Uh. And and bronze cannon 145 00:08:33,640 --> 00:08:37,400 Speaker 1: they were lighter than uh, than your iron cannon, but 146 00:08:37,559 --> 00:08:41,680 Speaker 1: they were much more expensive than iron cannons. Uh. So 147 00:08:42,080 --> 00:08:44,959 Speaker 1: you again, it would depend upon the wealth of the 148 00:08:45,040 --> 00:08:48,400 Speaker 1: nation or ship owner as to what kind of cannon 149 00:08:48,440 --> 00:08:51,200 Speaker 1: would be on that ship, as well as the the 150 00:08:51,240 --> 00:08:53,760 Speaker 1: seaworthiness of the ship itself. I mean, if a ship 151 00:08:54,080 --> 00:08:59,360 Speaker 1: couldn't carry that many iron cannon, they might choose to 152 00:08:59,400 --> 00:09:01,480 Speaker 1: spend the money need to get the bronze cannon instead. 153 00:09:03,160 --> 00:09:06,320 Speaker 1: And of course those those cannon were more likely to 154 00:09:06,440 --> 00:09:11,680 Speaker 1: be a matchlock. Yeah, let's let's talk about matchlocks for 155 00:09:11,720 --> 00:09:16,199 Speaker 1: a second. It's an interesting technology. So before the matchlock 156 00:09:17,000 --> 00:09:21,600 Speaker 1: was invented, the way that guns worked in the Middle Ages, well, 157 00:09:21,960 --> 00:09:25,800 Speaker 1: the earliest guns were essentially just a barrel with a 158 00:09:25,840 --> 00:09:28,600 Speaker 1: hole in them on on well, you know, a little 159 00:09:28,640 --> 00:09:31,120 Speaker 1: hole drilled at the top of the barrel on the 160 00:09:31,120 --> 00:09:34,160 Speaker 1: the the end that the gun that the shot does 161 00:09:34,200 --> 00:09:37,800 Speaker 1: not come out of handle basically yeah, where the stock is, yeah, 162 00:09:37,880 --> 00:09:40,320 Speaker 1: or where the stock would be if we're talking, Yeah, 163 00:09:40,360 --> 00:09:43,960 Speaker 1: that's true, because we're not talking about about personal weapons. 164 00:09:43,960 --> 00:09:47,480 Speaker 1: We're talking like a cannon cannon. There were some handheld 165 00:09:48,080 --> 00:09:50,040 Speaker 1: weapons as well, but they were very difficult to use 166 00:09:50,559 --> 00:09:53,120 Speaker 1: and required more than one person generally, Yeah, because you 167 00:09:53,160 --> 00:09:56,360 Speaker 1: couldn't just yeah, exactly one hand. We haven't gotten to 168 00:09:56,400 --> 00:09:58,719 Speaker 1: that part. We're gonna get to that part. So you've 169 00:09:58,720 --> 00:10:01,199 Speaker 1: gotta you've gotta hold drilled that end and uh, this 170 00:10:01,280 --> 00:10:04,240 Speaker 1: is where you would put a burning wick through the 171 00:10:04,280 --> 00:10:08,680 Speaker 1: whole hole to ignite the gunpowder that's inside the barrel. Yes, 172 00:10:08,679 --> 00:10:11,360 Speaker 1: because the shot is uh you know, closer to the end, 173 00:10:11,520 --> 00:10:13,959 Speaker 1: the other end of the barrel, um and you have 174 00:10:14,040 --> 00:10:18,480 Speaker 1: the gunpowder behind that pelt. Yeah, So the gunpowder ignites 175 00:10:18,600 --> 00:10:21,040 Speaker 1: and as it ignites, it gives off quite a bit 176 00:10:21,080 --> 00:10:23,960 Speaker 1: of gas, and that gas is what expels the shot 177 00:10:24,679 --> 00:10:28,679 Speaker 1: from the barrel. Uh. So that meant that you had 178 00:10:28,679 --> 00:10:31,959 Speaker 1: to have at least one hand to hold a a 179 00:10:32,000 --> 00:10:35,040 Speaker 1: lit match or a wick of some sort to insert 180 00:10:35,080 --> 00:10:37,520 Speaker 1: it in the hole. Which does mean that if you 181 00:10:37,520 --> 00:10:39,760 Speaker 1: are just one single person and you have one of 182 00:10:39,760 --> 00:10:42,000 Speaker 1: these rifles, you only have one hand to aim it 183 00:10:42,040 --> 00:10:44,320 Speaker 1: with while you're using the other hand to light it. 184 00:10:44,320 --> 00:10:49,240 Speaker 1: It's not the most accurate weapon. The matchlock kind of 185 00:10:49,280 --> 00:10:51,839 Speaker 1: made this, uh, took that out of your hands and 186 00:10:52,000 --> 00:10:54,920 Speaker 1: put it into a mechanical hand, so to speak. I mean, 187 00:10:54,920 --> 00:10:57,640 Speaker 1: there was a there was something called a serpentine, which 188 00:10:57,640 --> 00:11:01,199 Speaker 1: is an S shaped trigger and basely uh. At one 189 00:11:01,280 --> 00:11:03,760 Speaker 1: end of the S you have your match and at 190 00:11:03,800 --> 00:11:05,679 Speaker 1: the other end is where your finger goes, and when 191 00:11:05,679 --> 00:11:08,520 Speaker 1: you move it, it basically pivoted in the center, so 192 00:11:08,559 --> 00:11:10,960 Speaker 1: that when you pull the trigger, it would bring the 193 00:11:10,960 --> 00:11:14,600 Speaker 1: match down and that would you know, and the flash 194 00:11:14,640 --> 00:11:17,400 Speaker 1: pan and it would set off the charge essentially. So 195 00:11:17,480 --> 00:11:19,720 Speaker 1: the way the flash pan works is that, you know, 196 00:11:19,960 --> 00:11:22,560 Speaker 1: we talked about that that earlier example, you had a 197 00:11:22,600 --> 00:11:25,240 Speaker 1: hole that you had to put the match through. The 198 00:11:25,280 --> 00:11:27,760 Speaker 1: flash pan takes that part out of it. The flash 199 00:11:27,800 --> 00:11:30,760 Speaker 1: pan holds a small amount of gunpowder that then leads 200 00:11:30,800 --> 00:11:33,680 Speaker 1: from right, that leads in through a hole in the 201 00:11:33,720 --> 00:11:36,920 Speaker 1: barrel to a larger charge of gunpowder. That's the part 202 00:11:36,960 --> 00:11:40,920 Speaker 1: that actually propels the shot. And by lighting the flash pan, 203 00:11:41,600 --> 00:11:43,640 Speaker 1: the you know, it's like those old movies where you know, 204 00:11:43,679 --> 00:11:45,520 Speaker 1: you light the one end of the gunpowder and it 205 00:11:45,559 --> 00:11:49,160 Speaker 1: goes down the line and the lights the big barrel 206 00:11:49,200 --> 00:11:51,640 Speaker 1: at the end, singing sort of concept, except into much 207 00:11:51,679 --> 00:11:54,600 Speaker 1: smaller space. You're you light the flash flash pan, the 208 00:11:54,600 --> 00:11:58,520 Speaker 1: gunpowder lights through the hole in the barrel. Lighting the 209 00:11:58,559 --> 00:12:01,360 Speaker 1: main charge in the barrel of the gun fires off 210 00:12:01,360 --> 00:12:05,080 Speaker 1: the shot. So, yeah, the matchlock meant that you just 211 00:12:05,080 --> 00:12:08,640 Speaker 1: pulled the little trigger and it would bring the the 212 00:12:08,720 --> 00:12:12,560 Speaker 1: lit fuse in contact with the flashpan. Eventually, you would 213 00:12:12,559 --> 00:12:16,360 Speaker 1: get a flashpan cover over that that would also be 214 00:12:16,400 --> 00:12:18,320 Speaker 1: hooked up to the trigger, so that when you pulled 215 00:12:18,320 --> 00:12:21,000 Speaker 1: the trigger, the flashpan cover would slide out of the 216 00:12:21,040 --> 00:12:23,920 Speaker 1: way as the fuse comes down. And that was important 217 00:12:23,960 --> 00:12:26,760 Speaker 1: to protect the powder because, of course, if the powder 218 00:12:26,800 --> 00:12:29,480 Speaker 1: were to get wet, yes, that's a problem, your gun 219 00:12:29,720 --> 00:12:35,600 Speaker 1: was useless exactly. Yeah, so even foggy conditions could mess 220 00:12:35,679 --> 00:12:39,559 Speaker 1: up the effectiveness of a gun. And when we talk 221 00:12:39,600 --> 00:12:41,920 Speaker 1: about guns, we're talking mainly we're talking about cannon. We're 222 00:12:41,920 --> 00:12:46,280 Speaker 1: talking about the arquebus um, which was a a personal 223 00:12:46,320 --> 00:12:49,480 Speaker 1: weapon you could it was essentially the the precursor to 224 00:12:49,480 --> 00:12:52,640 Speaker 1: the musket and uh, which of course is precursor to 225 00:12:52,679 --> 00:12:59,120 Speaker 1: the rifle, and it ended up revolutionizing warfare. Yeah. Well, 226 00:12:59,160 --> 00:13:02,000 Speaker 1: the arquebus all so had a some people called it 227 00:13:02,040 --> 00:13:05,319 Speaker 1: a heck butt because it had a basically a little 228 00:13:05,400 --> 00:13:09,400 Speaker 1: hook on it. And uh, what would happen is, you know, 229 00:13:09,760 --> 00:13:12,720 Speaker 1: castles were sort of going through a technological change too, 230 00:13:12,760 --> 00:13:16,760 Speaker 1: because now that uh, people were beginning to use firearms, 231 00:13:16,960 --> 00:13:20,920 Speaker 1: personal firearms, not just cannon. Um. You know, they needed 232 00:13:20,920 --> 00:13:23,560 Speaker 1: a way too. They had all these arrow slits in 233 00:13:23,640 --> 00:13:26,440 Speaker 1: the walls of the castle which needed to be you know, 234 00:13:27,360 --> 00:13:31,520 Speaker 1: which people needed to use for their firearms. So the 235 00:13:31,520 --> 00:13:34,520 Speaker 1: thing is is, as you mentioned before, Jonathan, they the 236 00:13:34,600 --> 00:13:37,320 Speaker 1: powder and these weapons gave off a lot of gas 237 00:13:37,440 --> 00:13:40,080 Speaker 1: and had you know, packed a bit of a wallop. 238 00:13:40,360 --> 00:13:44,959 Speaker 1: We're talking about a you know, recoil, and so that's 239 00:13:44,960 --> 00:13:47,000 Speaker 1: what the hook was for. Basically, you'd use the hook 240 00:13:47,320 --> 00:13:50,000 Speaker 1: to hook over the uh the stone wall of the 241 00:13:50,040 --> 00:13:52,760 Speaker 1: castle to keep it from you know, knocking you back 242 00:13:53,440 --> 00:13:57,520 Speaker 1: as you fired the weapon wall of the castle. Uh. Yeah, 243 00:13:57,559 --> 00:14:01,880 Speaker 1: castles actually ended up becoming both castles and armor became 244 00:14:02,000 --> 00:14:05,520 Speaker 1: less and less important as gunpowder became more important because 245 00:14:05,640 --> 00:14:08,520 Speaker 1: they didn't provide much of a of a protection and 246 00:14:08,559 --> 00:14:15,240 Speaker 1: so uh, countries had to readjust the way they conducted warfare. Um. 247 00:14:15,320 --> 00:14:17,400 Speaker 1: And it wasn't like the old days where you just 248 00:14:17,480 --> 00:14:19,600 Speaker 1: got a bunch of people all in various kinds of 249 00:14:19,680 --> 00:14:22,440 Speaker 1: armor and then had them clashed together, or you hold 250 00:14:22,520 --> 00:14:24,800 Speaker 1: up in a castle and tried to wait out a siege. 251 00:14:25,040 --> 00:14:28,840 Speaker 1: You couldn't really do that in an arrow where the 252 00:14:28,840 --> 00:14:31,480 Speaker 1: basic weapons could punch holes through your walls like there 253 00:14:31,520 --> 00:14:34,440 Speaker 1: were nothing. Yeah, yeah, that's true. You know. It kind 254 00:14:34,440 --> 00:14:36,200 Speaker 1: of bummed out that we didn't get to talk in 255 00:14:36,280 --> 00:14:41,760 Speaker 1: great detail about flint lock and the wheel lock mechanisms yet. No. No, 256 00:14:41,920 --> 00:14:45,160 Speaker 1: although the wheelock apparently was developed around fifteen fifteen, so 257 00:14:45,200 --> 00:14:47,880 Speaker 1: it's not much in the future. And depending on who 258 00:14:47,960 --> 00:14:50,880 Speaker 1: you asked, they might say that flintlocks were around. But 259 00:14:50,960 --> 00:14:55,160 Speaker 1: really flintlocks, I mean, people didn't document stuff is accurately. 260 00:14:55,400 --> 00:14:57,480 Speaker 1: It turns out it turns out the guy didn't wake 261 00:14:57,560 --> 00:15:03,200 Speaker 1: up and July fourteen invented the flintlock. Today that doesn't 262 00:15:03,520 --> 00:15:06,040 Speaker 1: turns out that didn't happen. But interesting bit of trivia. 263 00:15:06,040 --> 00:15:08,800 Speaker 1: I found out the reason that these are called fill 264 00:15:08,800 --> 00:15:12,000 Speaker 1: in the blank here lock was because locksmiths used to 265 00:15:12,000 --> 00:15:16,000 Speaker 1: work with a lot of them mechanisms similar to what 266 00:15:16,200 --> 00:15:19,960 Speaker 1: you know the kinds of technology used here. So if 267 00:15:19,960 --> 00:15:23,960 Speaker 1: you wanted these things built for your weaponry, you would 268 00:15:23,960 --> 00:15:27,440 Speaker 1: consult with a locksmith who would work on the little, 269 00:15:27,480 --> 00:15:30,040 Speaker 1: tiny little pieces that you would need to add to 270 00:15:30,080 --> 00:15:33,080 Speaker 1: your firearms. That makes it interesting. Yeah, it makes sense, 271 00:15:33,120 --> 00:15:35,280 Speaker 1: you know, because you think you know that there were 272 00:15:35,280 --> 00:15:40,480 Speaker 1: no our definitions hadn't really taken effect there. We don't. 273 00:15:40,520 --> 00:15:42,640 Speaker 1: We don't have the same things like engineers the way 274 00:15:42,680 --> 00:15:46,120 Speaker 1: we have engineers. Now, you had philosophers, you had scientists, 275 00:15:46,160 --> 00:15:51,520 Speaker 1: a various uh rudimentary sciences at the time, although again 276 00:15:51,520 --> 00:15:53,080 Speaker 1: if you go to the Middle East they were much 277 00:15:53,120 --> 00:15:56,240 Speaker 1: further along and in China as well. Uh. Well, I 278 00:15:56,280 --> 00:15:58,440 Speaker 1: was gonna talk also a couple of other things that 279 00:15:58,480 --> 00:16:01,920 Speaker 1: are related to guns. Oh yeah, because because we're gotting crazy. 280 00:16:02,160 --> 00:16:04,680 Speaker 1: Um well, it was. It was awfully prominent too. Yeah. 281 00:16:04,760 --> 00:16:06,920 Speaker 1: A lot of the technology in the Middle Ages dealt 282 00:16:06,960 --> 00:16:10,040 Speaker 1: with warfare. Yeah, I mean it just that was you 283 00:16:10,080 --> 00:16:14,320 Speaker 1: think about invention and uh you know the whole necessity 284 00:16:14,440 --> 00:16:16,920 Speaker 1: driving invention. Well, in the Middle Ages, it was pretty 285 00:16:17,000 --> 00:16:19,560 Speaker 1: much necessary for you to be able to attack and 286 00:16:19,600 --> 00:16:23,040 Speaker 1: defend um, because that's pretty much what the entire history 287 00:16:23,160 --> 00:16:27,760 Speaker 1: was about in large part. So one of the interesting 288 00:16:28,960 --> 00:16:32,680 Speaker 1: things that made cannon very possible actually a couple of 289 00:16:32,680 --> 00:16:37,400 Speaker 1: different inventions. One of them was the trunyon. Trunion is 290 00:16:37,440 --> 00:16:40,280 Speaker 1: a fancy word for the posts that stick out the 291 00:16:40,320 --> 00:16:42,320 Speaker 1: side of a cannon that allow you to change the 292 00:16:42,320 --> 00:16:44,800 Speaker 1: elevation of the cannon. Oh. I figured it was a 293 00:16:44,840 --> 00:16:47,520 Speaker 1: combination of a truffle and an onion. No, but that 294 00:16:47,600 --> 00:16:51,320 Speaker 1: does sound tasty. Now this, uh, this was just what 295 00:16:51,400 --> 00:16:54,400 Speaker 1: allowed you to pivot a cannon upward or downward so 296 00:16:54,440 --> 00:16:57,040 Speaker 1: that you can name it instead of it just pointing 297 00:16:57,040 --> 00:17:00,480 Speaker 1: in a direction hoping that that's good enough, right, um. 298 00:17:00,560 --> 00:17:04,280 Speaker 1: And then you had limbers. Limbers are these two wheeled 299 00:17:05,160 --> 00:17:08,119 Speaker 1: devices that you could hook up to a carriage. You 300 00:17:08,160 --> 00:17:11,000 Speaker 1: would mount a gun on them, and it just made 301 00:17:11,000 --> 00:17:15,600 Speaker 1: it easier for you to um to transport artillery. That 302 00:17:15,680 --> 00:17:18,879 Speaker 1: was another big change by this time in the Middle Ages. 303 00:17:19,119 --> 00:17:20,800 Speaker 1: Earlier in the Middle Ages, if you wanted to lay 304 00:17:20,840 --> 00:17:24,680 Speaker 1: siege to a castle, you either had to have large 305 00:17:24,760 --> 00:17:28,359 Speaker 1: artillery pieces that you could assemble once you got there, 306 00:17:28,840 --> 00:17:31,960 Speaker 1: or you were using things like um trebisches or even 307 00:17:32,400 --> 00:17:37,040 Speaker 1: if you're using even older technology ballista and catapults. And 308 00:17:37,080 --> 00:17:40,119 Speaker 1: just so you guys know, uh, those are technologies that 309 00:17:40,880 --> 00:17:44,840 Speaker 1: use basic physics to propel a projectile a very far 310 00:17:44,880 --> 00:17:48,480 Speaker 1: away with a lot of force. These days pumpkins, yes, 311 00:17:48,840 --> 00:17:52,960 Speaker 1: so like a catapult would use uh rope, yes that 312 00:17:53,080 --> 00:17:57,240 Speaker 1: had been wound very tightly a skein. Actually it's wound 313 00:17:57,320 --> 00:18:00,119 Speaker 1: very very tightly, and that would be enough to you. 314 00:18:00,320 --> 00:18:02,480 Speaker 1: You know, you stick one end of the catapult through 315 00:18:02,520 --> 00:18:04,960 Speaker 1: that that rope and then you wind it really tight, 316 00:18:05,000 --> 00:18:08,199 Speaker 1: and that provides the tension that when you release it, 317 00:18:08,200 --> 00:18:11,359 Speaker 1: it makes the arm go up until it hits arrest, 318 00:18:11,440 --> 00:18:15,080 Speaker 1: and then that propels a projectile. Ballista used two of those. 319 00:18:15,920 --> 00:18:18,120 Speaker 1: It looked like a giant crossbow, but in fact used 320 00:18:18,200 --> 00:18:23,439 Speaker 1: two um uh skeins to propel a projectile. And then 321 00:18:23,440 --> 00:18:25,800 Speaker 1: the trebuche was a little different. It was a sling 322 00:18:25,840 --> 00:18:28,080 Speaker 1: on the end of a long arm. Um it was 323 00:18:28,080 --> 00:18:29,720 Speaker 1: actually a lever, So he had a long end of 324 00:18:29,760 --> 00:18:32,000 Speaker 1: the lever which had the the sling attached to it, 325 00:18:32,040 --> 00:18:34,000 Speaker 1: and then on the short end you had a counterweight, 326 00:18:34,560 --> 00:18:37,760 Speaker 1: a very very heavy counterweight, and when you released the 327 00:18:37,760 --> 00:18:41,240 Speaker 1: the mechanism on it, the counterweight would fall down, propelling 328 00:18:41,320 --> 00:18:46,159 Speaker 1: the long arm up and flinging whatever the projectile was 329 00:18:46,240 --> 00:18:49,880 Speaker 1: in the direction of your target. And those were all 330 00:18:50,400 --> 00:18:54,880 Speaker 1: the older forms of projectile weaponry that essentially got phased 331 00:18:54,880 --> 00:18:59,280 Speaker 1: out once cannon became a real player in the Middle Ages, 332 00:19:00,560 --> 00:19:02,080 Speaker 1: but you probably still saw a few of them in 333 00:19:02,680 --> 00:19:07,720 Speaker 1: depending on where you were. Um, so are we done 334 00:19:07,720 --> 00:19:10,359 Speaker 1: with military type stuff? I was going to talk about 335 00:19:10,400 --> 00:19:13,040 Speaker 1: plate armor. You want to talk about plate armor just 336 00:19:13,080 --> 00:19:20,160 Speaker 1: a little bit. Go ahead in the iron is still king. Yes, 337 00:19:20,240 --> 00:19:22,359 Speaker 1: you're gonna see a lot of iron armor. You're not 338 00:19:22,359 --> 00:19:24,920 Speaker 1: going to see very much steel. Steel was being made, 339 00:19:24,920 --> 00:19:29,000 Speaker 1: but it was incredibly difficult to make. UM. To make steel, 340 00:19:29,000 --> 00:19:32,200 Speaker 1: you had to heat iron up quite quite hot, introduce 341 00:19:32,280 --> 00:19:34,560 Speaker 1: carbon into it, but not too much carbon, because if 342 00:19:34,560 --> 00:19:36,600 Speaker 1: you put too much carbon in it, you got pig iron, 343 00:19:37,320 --> 00:19:39,800 Speaker 1: which is not great for armor. As it turns out, 344 00:19:40,040 --> 00:19:44,160 Speaker 1: kind of shatters um details one enough carbon in there 345 00:19:44,200 --> 00:19:47,240 Speaker 1: to make the iron hard, but not so much that 346 00:19:47,359 --> 00:19:51,080 Speaker 1: it becomes brittle. Has to still be malleable. So steel 347 00:19:51,240 --> 00:19:55,840 Speaker 1: is actually pretty complicated. It's really expensive. UM. Most armor 348 00:19:55,960 --> 00:19:58,159 Speaker 1: is made out of iron. But at this point you 349 00:19:58,200 --> 00:20:01,880 Speaker 1: do see full plate suits of armor, and full plate 350 00:20:01,960 --> 00:20:05,480 Speaker 1: that means that there's there these various hinged plates that 351 00:20:05,800 --> 00:20:09,720 Speaker 1: cover the entire body UM that provide as much freedom 352 00:20:09,720 --> 00:20:12,840 Speaker 1: of movement as possible while still providing as much protection 353 00:20:12,920 --> 00:20:17,919 Speaker 1: as possible, and full plate armor depending on you know 354 00:20:18,200 --> 00:20:20,439 Speaker 1: what kind of the quality of the iron or steel 355 00:20:20,520 --> 00:20:24,399 Speaker 1: that was used to make it. Could even ward off 356 00:20:25,200 --> 00:20:30,160 Speaker 1: a shot from an arquebus at the right range if 357 00:20:30,160 --> 00:20:33,359 Speaker 1: you're right up close to someone, chances are that SHOT's 358 00:20:33,400 --> 00:20:35,520 Speaker 1: gonna go right through the armor and into you, which 359 00:20:35,520 --> 00:20:39,720 Speaker 1: is bad news. But um, but that's still in. It 360 00:20:39,800 --> 00:20:44,400 Speaker 1: was still fairly common to see soldiers wearing this kind 361 00:20:44,400 --> 00:20:47,200 Speaker 1: of armor because the guns had not reached a point 362 00:20:47,200 --> 00:20:52,680 Speaker 1: of sophistication where they had rendered it completely obsolete, and 363 00:20:52,760 --> 00:20:54,560 Speaker 1: Henry the Eighth himself was known to wear it quite 364 00:20:54,560 --> 00:20:57,800 Speaker 1: a few times. He actually entered a lot of attorneys 365 00:20:58,800 --> 00:21:02,000 Speaker 1: um secretly in fact, uh, in fact, I think a 366 00:21:02,119 --> 00:21:05,879 Speaker 1: year after he was coronated, he entered a tournament in 367 00:21:05,960 --> 00:21:10,040 Speaker 1: secret and gained quite a bit of respect because he 368 00:21:10,080 --> 00:21:16,160 Speaker 1: was a very gifted combatant. Wow, yeah, I had no idea. Yeah, 369 00:21:16,440 --> 00:21:20,960 Speaker 1: not a great wrestler. But King of France beat him 370 00:21:20,960 --> 00:21:24,480 Speaker 1: in a wrestling match that was at the the Fields 371 00:21:24,520 --> 00:21:30,760 Speaker 1: of Cloth and Gold. Alright, now I'm done with the 372 00:21:30,800 --> 00:21:33,760 Speaker 1: military stuff, okay, Because one one technology that I found 373 00:21:33,760 --> 00:21:37,879 Speaker 1: that was apparently created fairly close to fifteen ten was 374 00:21:37,920 --> 00:21:44,520 Speaker 1: the watch. Yes by Germany's Peter henlen Um. He was 375 00:21:44,560 --> 00:21:48,040 Speaker 1: in a Nurnberg, Germany and um, which at that point 376 00:21:48,119 --> 00:21:53,920 Speaker 1: wasn't technically Germany because Germany didn't technically exist as a country. Um. 377 00:21:53,960 --> 00:21:57,800 Speaker 1: But some people say that I actually I had seen 378 00:21:57,840 --> 00:22:00,399 Speaker 1: reports that it was in fact invented like the pocket 379 00:22:00,400 --> 00:22:05,160 Speaker 1: watch invented in but there appeared to have been prototypes 380 00:22:05,400 --> 00:22:08,720 Speaker 1: existing as early as maybe fifteen o five or so. 381 00:22:08,760 --> 00:22:11,760 Speaker 1: That's pretty close. And again, this is something that I 382 00:22:11,800 --> 00:22:14,919 Speaker 1: think of is having been around since, you know, forever 383 00:22:15,000 --> 00:22:17,520 Speaker 1: and ever, so to speak in the case of this. 384 00:22:17,680 --> 00:22:21,639 Speaker 1: But uh no, the the watches starting to make its 385 00:22:21,680 --> 00:22:24,640 Speaker 1: appearance around the early sixteenth century, I imagine they would 386 00:22:24,640 --> 00:22:27,440 Speaker 1: be very expensive and probably not very reliable. And the 387 00:22:27,720 --> 00:22:32,080 Speaker 1: secret to the watch was the fuse, which is uh 388 00:22:32,320 --> 00:22:34,560 Speaker 1: this is a little complicated. It's kind of hard to explain. 389 00:22:34,640 --> 00:22:38,160 Speaker 1: But a watch is the thing that powers these classic 390 00:22:38,200 --> 00:22:42,840 Speaker 1: watches as a spring inside the watch, and uh around 391 00:22:42,920 --> 00:22:46,320 Speaker 1: the spring is a barrel. When the spring is wound tight, 392 00:22:46,480 --> 00:22:50,040 Speaker 1: it then turns the barrel. So attached to this barrel 393 00:22:50,280 --> 00:22:53,920 Speaker 1: is a little chain. The chain goes to a cone 394 00:22:54,440 --> 00:22:57,760 Speaker 1: that has um grooves in it. Yeah, all right, So 395 00:22:57,840 --> 00:23:00,199 Speaker 1: the attaches to at the top of the cone and 396 00:23:00,240 --> 00:23:02,359 Speaker 1: the chain winds around all the way to the base 397 00:23:02,400 --> 00:23:07,119 Speaker 1: of the cone. All right. As the spring unfurls and 398 00:23:07,160 --> 00:23:10,879 Speaker 1: the barrel turns, it pulls the chain from this Uh, 399 00:23:10,920 --> 00:23:14,159 Speaker 1: this fuse, this cone and the chain goes from the 400 00:23:14,200 --> 00:23:16,960 Speaker 1: top down to the bottom. And once it gets to 401 00:23:16,960 --> 00:23:20,080 Speaker 1: the bottom, that's when your watch has needs to be 402 00:23:20,200 --> 00:23:23,119 Speaker 1: wound again. When you wind it, you're actually winding that 403 00:23:23,200 --> 00:23:25,960 Speaker 1: chain around the cone again. This is what provides the 404 00:23:26,000 --> 00:23:29,720 Speaker 1: power to the watch hands to to go around the 405 00:23:29,760 --> 00:23:32,400 Speaker 1: clock face. Earliest earlier clocks, by the way, I only 406 00:23:32,400 --> 00:23:36,560 Speaker 1: had one hand. They had one hand that indicated where 407 00:23:36,600 --> 00:23:38,359 Speaker 1: in the hour it was, so you still had the 408 00:23:38,359 --> 00:23:40,880 Speaker 1: twelve numbers, but you would look and if the hand 409 00:23:40,960 --> 00:23:43,679 Speaker 1: was between the you know, one and the two, you'd think, 410 00:23:43,720 --> 00:23:46,320 Speaker 1: all right, well it's about one thirty. It's about as 411 00:23:46,000 --> 00:23:49,600 Speaker 1: as close as you would get. Um. But yeah, that's 412 00:23:49,440 --> 00:23:53,040 Speaker 1: the fuse is what allowed both pocket watches and you know, 413 00:23:53,119 --> 00:23:56,160 Speaker 1: table clocks to exist because before that you had to 414 00:23:56,280 --> 00:24:00,720 Speaker 1: use weights to to power the clock. Theist watch came 415 00:24:00,720 --> 00:24:08,040 Speaker 1: around much much later, Yeah, swatch even later. Imagine. Yeah, Um, 416 00:24:08,240 --> 00:24:10,400 Speaker 1: another technology I was thinking about that would have been 417 00:24:11,680 --> 00:24:14,320 Speaker 1: it had been out for a few decades, but you 418 00:24:14,359 --> 00:24:18,880 Speaker 1: know that the movable type Gutenberg. Yes, so we're going 419 00:24:18,880 --> 00:24:22,199 Speaker 1: back to fourteen fifty five or so. Yeah, yeah, but 420 00:24:23,119 --> 00:24:26,119 Speaker 1: you know it was making an impact and and was 421 00:24:26,119 --> 00:24:29,400 Speaker 1: spreading very rapidly around the turn of the century. Now, 422 00:24:29,440 --> 00:24:33,320 Speaker 1: movable type was new to the Western world, although in 423 00:24:33,480 --> 00:24:35,840 Speaker 1: China they had they had had movable type for a 424 00:24:35,840 --> 00:24:40,359 Speaker 1: few centuries, but um, but then in it did really 425 00:24:40,400 --> 00:24:47,080 Speaker 1: revolutionize learning in medieval Europe. Of certainly made printing much 426 00:24:47,080 --> 00:24:50,240 Speaker 1: more inexpensive. Right up to that point, you essentially would 427 00:24:50,240 --> 00:24:53,680 Speaker 1: get printing by hiring monks to write a text for you. 428 00:24:54,720 --> 00:24:57,600 Speaker 1: And that's where you got those beautiful illuminated scripts where 429 00:24:57,680 --> 00:25:01,000 Speaker 1: it was amazing calligraphy, and you know, you figured that 430 00:25:01,000 --> 00:25:05,480 Speaker 1: they must have been paid by the brushstroke. But the 431 00:25:05,480 --> 00:25:07,399 Speaker 1: the movable type, yea, you took a lot of the 432 00:25:07,600 --> 00:25:10,280 Speaker 1: maybe the artistry out of it. But in turn you 433 00:25:10,320 --> 00:25:13,600 Speaker 1: made it much easier to produce lots and lots of copies. 434 00:25:13,760 --> 00:25:18,120 Speaker 1: And so that that's really what propelled the whole renaissance 435 00:25:18,119 --> 00:25:20,440 Speaker 1: in all of Europe, was the fact that you suddenly 436 00:25:20,480 --> 00:25:24,679 Speaker 1: had this this easy access, relatively easy access to printed works. 437 00:25:25,480 --> 00:25:27,560 Speaker 1: You know, althy're thinking about it. If the monks are 438 00:25:27,600 --> 00:25:31,639 Speaker 1: copying a book word for word, wouldn't that be a 439 00:25:31,680 --> 00:25:37,000 Speaker 1: form of desktop publishing. So anyway, uh, let's talk about 440 00:25:37,200 --> 00:25:40,600 Speaker 1: a true renaissance. Man, Yes, Leonardo da Vinci, since I 441 00:25:40,800 --> 00:25:44,320 Speaker 1: truly messed up the Renaissance. Uh, you should have stopped me. 442 00:25:44,840 --> 00:25:47,080 Speaker 1: How did I how did you mess up the Renaissance? Well, 443 00:25:47,119 --> 00:25:50,800 Speaker 1: then we weren't talking about anyway. The Renaissance man Leonard's 444 00:25:51,080 --> 00:25:55,280 Speaker 1: Leonardo da Vinci. Da Vinci, of course was towards the 445 00:25:55,359 --> 00:25:59,160 Speaker 1: end of his life. Yes, yes, he died in fifteen nineteen. Um, 446 00:25:59,240 --> 00:26:02,719 Speaker 1: he was, uh a real genius. I mean not just 447 00:26:02,840 --> 00:26:06,080 Speaker 1: an amazing artist, but an inventor. And of course he 448 00:26:06,119 --> 00:26:10,480 Speaker 1: had that great code. So anyway, and then actually, and 449 00:26:10,520 --> 00:26:14,119 Speaker 1: actually it turns out it was around uh some of 450 00:26:14,160 --> 00:26:16,359 Speaker 1: the time when he was coming up with scientific ideas, 451 00:26:16,359 --> 00:26:19,280 Speaker 1: he wasn't doing as much painting. He was teaching that. 452 00:26:19,480 --> 00:26:22,360 Speaker 1: He did do the Mona Lisa towards that time period, 453 00:26:22,640 --> 00:26:25,280 Speaker 1: but he had already done the Last Supper, and um, 454 00:26:25,359 --> 00:26:28,040 Speaker 1: yeah he was. He was thinking of inventions. He had 455 00:26:28,040 --> 00:26:30,159 Speaker 1: already kind of come up with the whole idea about 456 00:26:30,480 --> 00:26:34,440 Speaker 1: powered flight, which never worked during his lifetime. But he 457 00:26:34,760 --> 00:26:38,080 Speaker 1: did work out the basic principles of things like lift, 458 00:26:38,680 --> 00:26:40,800 Speaker 1: which no one had really managed to do up to 459 00:26:40,840 --> 00:26:44,960 Speaker 1: that point. Um, around fifteen he actually drew the first 460 00:26:45,320 --> 00:26:49,639 Speaker 1: documented sketch of a fetus in the womb. Yeah, seven 461 00:26:49,640 --> 00:26:52,560 Speaker 1: months old, I did that was the fetus his age. 462 00:26:52,680 --> 00:26:57,600 Speaker 1: Leonardo was significantly older than that. I didn't notice that 463 00:26:57,600 --> 00:27:00,280 Speaker 1: that period two was when he was really in did 464 00:27:00,280 --> 00:27:02,680 Speaker 1: in the Anatomy of the human body, So that makes 465 00:27:02,680 --> 00:27:05,440 Speaker 1: sense that that would have been was a little after 466 00:27:05,480 --> 00:27:08,560 Speaker 1: he had drawn the Vitruvian Man, which is the infamous 467 00:27:09,760 --> 00:27:12,760 Speaker 1: painting that he did to show the proportions of the 468 00:27:12,840 --> 00:27:16,520 Speaker 1: human body. Did you know that for most people, the 469 00:27:16,640 --> 00:27:19,520 Speaker 1: length of your pinkie is the same as the length 470 00:27:19,880 --> 00:27:22,760 Speaker 1: of your nose if you lay it down on the 471 00:27:22,760 --> 00:27:25,840 Speaker 1: bridge of your nose. Yeah, you know who? I learned 472 00:27:25,840 --> 00:27:29,800 Speaker 1: that from Leonardo da Vinci really well, at least the 473 00:27:29,800 --> 00:27:32,760 Speaker 1: one that works at the Georgia Renaissance Festival. I did, um, 474 00:27:33,280 --> 00:27:36,600 Speaker 1: hey Houston, how are you doing so? But yeah, this 475 00:27:36,680 --> 00:27:39,840 Speaker 1: time he also invented, at least according to the sources 476 00:27:39,880 --> 00:27:42,960 Speaker 1: I was reading, a horizontal water wheel, which is kind 477 00:27:43,000 --> 00:27:47,040 Speaker 1: of the the precursor to the turbine. Again, these are 478 00:27:47,080 --> 00:27:49,720 Speaker 1: inventions that actually existed in other parts of the world, 479 00:27:49,800 --> 00:27:52,960 Speaker 1: but in Europe were unheard of at the time. And 480 00:27:53,200 --> 00:28:00,040 Speaker 1: uh also ball bearings, scissors. I was brilliant, so it 481 00:28:00,080 --> 00:28:03,880 Speaker 1: have made a fortune. He could have. He got into 482 00:28:03,920 --> 00:28:08,800 Speaker 1: a lot of trouble too. But he also he also 483 00:28:08,920 --> 00:28:13,040 Speaker 1: drew up UH an invention which was never actually built. 484 00:28:13,080 --> 00:28:15,800 Speaker 1: A lot of Leonardo's inventions were never built. They were 485 00:28:15,840 --> 00:28:18,320 Speaker 1: just sketches or concepts. But he came up with a 486 00:28:18,359 --> 00:28:21,520 Speaker 1: concept that would have essentially been the first tank. It 487 00:28:21,680 --> 00:28:25,960 Speaker 1: was an armored vehicle to protect people withinside during warfare, 488 00:28:26,000 --> 00:28:28,679 Speaker 1: and I think that's pretty impressive. A lot of his 489 00:28:28,720 --> 00:28:32,800 Speaker 1: inventions had to do with various UH kinds of warfare. 490 00:28:32,800 --> 00:28:36,800 Speaker 1: He also drew up plans for an enormous crossbow was 491 00:28:37,160 --> 00:28:40,200 Speaker 1: according to some estimates, supposed to be as as wide 492 00:28:40,240 --> 00:28:45,400 Speaker 1: as a hundred feet. Well, the crossbow was already falling 493 00:28:45,400 --> 00:28:47,360 Speaker 1: out of fashion. The regular crossbow was calling out of 494 00:28:47,360 --> 00:28:50,120 Speaker 1: fashion thanks to you know, the arquebus. I wanted to 495 00:28:50,120 --> 00:28:52,920 Speaker 1: say that again, Yes, the crossbow was a very slow 496 00:28:53,000 --> 00:28:56,360 Speaker 1: way of killing your rhynomes, but but I imagined that 497 00:28:56,760 --> 00:29:01,600 Speaker 1: Leo's version, being much larger, would have more of an effect. Yeah. Again, 498 00:29:01,600 --> 00:29:03,320 Speaker 1: it was never built, but it was definitely one of 499 00:29:03,320 --> 00:29:04,840 Speaker 1: those things that you took a look at the design 500 00:29:04,840 --> 00:29:07,440 Speaker 1: and you thought, wow, I hope nobody gets ahold of one. 501 00:29:07,440 --> 00:29:10,160 Speaker 1: Of these things because if they do I want to move, 502 00:29:11,400 --> 00:29:15,080 Speaker 1: you would have gotten the point and other The interesting 503 00:29:15,120 --> 00:29:18,320 Speaker 1: thing about the Middle Ages and especially around this time, 504 00:29:18,400 --> 00:29:22,040 Speaker 1: is that how slowly technology actually evolved. I mean you 505 00:29:23,200 --> 00:29:27,600 Speaker 1: part of that is just because again before movable type, 506 00:29:27,600 --> 00:29:32,360 Speaker 1: it was really hard to to pursue learning. It took 507 00:29:32,480 --> 00:29:37,840 Speaker 1: real polymaths like da Vinci or uh, you know, other 508 00:29:37,920 --> 00:29:40,600 Speaker 1: geniuses at the time or in other parts of the 509 00:29:40,600 --> 00:29:43,200 Speaker 1: world to really push things forward, which meant that you know, 510 00:29:43,240 --> 00:29:44,840 Speaker 1: you pretty much had to wait because there was just 511 00:29:44,920 --> 00:29:46,760 Speaker 1: there was no way to dedicate your life to that 512 00:29:46,840 --> 00:29:50,480 Speaker 1: kind of thing. Most schools were of a religious nature, 513 00:29:50,720 --> 00:29:52,920 Speaker 1: where you would learn math, and you would learn languages, 514 00:29:52,920 --> 00:29:55,880 Speaker 1: you would learn philosophy, learn lots of important things. But 515 00:29:55,960 --> 00:29:58,160 Speaker 1: it wasn't really you know, you weren't learning to be 516 00:29:58,200 --> 00:30:01,440 Speaker 1: an engineer. You know, you learned on the job. If 517 00:30:01,480 --> 00:30:03,400 Speaker 1: you wanted to be something like that, like an architect, 518 00:30:03,480 --> 00:30:05,960 Speaker 1: you you would become an apprentice and learn your trade 519 00:30:06,000 --> 00:30:10,280 Speaker 1: that way. Um, so progress was very slow. It wasn't 520 00:30:10,360 --> 00:30:15,360 Speaker 1: until really the early Renaissance, when the the the printed 521 00:30:15,400 --> 00:30:19,040 Speaker 1: word was really coming into full play, that you started 522 00:30:19,040 --> 00:30:21,440 Speaker 1: to see the explosion and learning and then the rapid 523 00:30:21,480 --> 00:30:27,520 Speaker 1: development of technology. Wow, you know, and I feel like 524 00:30:28,000 --> 00:30:29,840 Speaker 1: as with as much as we talked about, you know, 525 00:30:29,880 --> 00:30:32,040 Speaker 1: we're sort of running out of time here, but uh, 526 00:30:32,120 --> 00:30:33,880 Speaker 1: you know, there's still far more that we could cover. 527 00:30:34,240 --> 00:30:37,000 Speaker 1: Of course, this is the stuff that our sister podcast 528 00:30:37,080 --> 00:30:40,440 Speaker 1: usually talks about. Yeah, and speaking of which, recently, stuff 529 00:30:40,480 --> 00:30:43,959 Speaker 1: you should know, recorded a podcast about castles, So if 530 00:30:44,000 --> 00:30:46,239 Speaker 1: you have, if you have not had your fill of 531 00:30:46,360 --> 00:30:50,400 Speaker 1: medieval tech, I recommend you check that out because yeah, 532 00:30:50,520 --> 00:30:53,640 Speaker 1: the Castle's podcast. I'm sure we'll be really really interesting. 533 00:30:53,640 --> 00:30:55,840 Speaker 1: I haven't heard it yet because they recorded it about 534 00:30:55,880 --> 00:30:58,680 Speaker 1: an hour before we recorded this and I was not 535 00:30:58,720 --> 00:31:02,400 Speaker 1: in the room. So um, but hopefully in that that 536 00:31:02,600 --> 00:31:06,960 Speaker 1: that kind of fills that that need to hear stuff 537 00:31:07,000 --> 00:31:11,040 Speaker 1: about Renaissance fairs and and create the Society of Creative Anachronism. 538 00:31:11,120 --> 00:31:14,760 Speaker 1: That's s c A. Uh not really our field, but 539 00:31:14,840 --> 00:31:17,280 Speaker 1: we decided to try try and tackle it anyway, although 540 00:31:17,320 --> 00:31:20,160 Speaker 1: some of them have been spotted by the Google street 541 00:31:20,200 --> 00:31:23,280 Speaker 1: view cameras. That's true, that's true. Yeah, we could way 542 00:31:23,320 --> 00:31:26,480 Speaker 1: to rope that in. If any of you have any questions, 543 00:31:26,520 --> 00:31:30,000 Speaker 1: hopefully dealing with technology, you can shoot us an email. 544 00:31:30,200 --> 00:31:33,400 Speaker 1: That's tech stuff at how stuff works dot com and 545 00:31:33,400 --> 00:31:35,320 Speaker 1: you might think, well, gosh, is any of this on 546 00:31:35,360 --> 00:31:38,560 Speaker 1: the website? Actually yes, How Iron and Steel Work is 547 00:31:38,600 --> 00:31:42,840 Speaker 1: an excellent article uh CO written by Marshall Brain and 548 00:31:42,960 --> 00:31:46,040 Speaker 1: Robert Lamb. I recommend that it's a great article on 549 00:31:46,080 --> 00:31:47,480 Speaker 1: the site if you want to learn more about the 550 00:31:47,520 --> 00:31:50,560 Speaker 1: history of iron and steel. And we will talk to 551 00:31:50,560 --> 00:31:56,920 Speaker 1: you again really soon for more on this and thousands 552 00:31:56,920 --> 00:32:00,280 Speaker 1: of other topics. Does stuff works dot com and sure 553 00:32:00,280 --> 00:32:02,360 Speaker 1: to check out the new tech stuff blog now on 554 00:32:02,400 --> 00:32:09,240 Speaker 1: the House Stuff Worse homepage. Brought to you by the 555 00:32:09,280 --> 00:32:12,560 Speaker 1: reinvented two thousand twelve camera. It's ready, are you