1 00:00:00,600 --> 00:00:03,400 Speaker 1: Hey, everybody, it's Joshum. For this week's Select, I've chosen 2 00:00:03,440 --> 00:00:07,760 Speaker 1: our twenty fourteen episode on electricity, and I chose it 3 00:00:07,800 --> 00:00:11,680 Speaker 1: as a kind of Casey Casum esque special dedication to 4 00:00:11,760 --> 00:00:15,239 Speaker 1: one of our younger listeners, Charlie Pendergrast, who wrote in 5 00:00:15,280 --> 00:00:18,760 Speaker 1: with a bunch of good ideas, one of which was electricity. Well, 6 00:00:18,840 --> 00:00:21,079 Speaker 1: rather than just send him a link and being boring, 7 00:00:21,480 --> 00:00:23,919 Speaker 1: I thought I'd share it as a select for everybody 8 00:00:23,960 --> 00:00:27,920 Speaker 1: to enjoy. So if you enjoy this select, you can 9 00:00:27,960 --> 00:00:30,040 Speaker 1: thank Charlie. Thanks Charlie. 10 00:00:34,840 --> 00:00:41,080 Speaker 2: Welcome to Stuff you Should Know, a production of iHeartRadio. 11 00:00:44,280 --> 00:00:47,040 Speaker 1: Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark. There's 12 00:00:47,120 --> 00:00:50,600 Speaker 1: Charles w Chuck Bryant. Jerry's over there. Chuck's wearing his 13 00:00:50,680 --> 00:00:53,360 Speaker 1: last Chance garage hat, which means that all is right 14 00:00:53,400 --> 00:00:55,920 Speaker 1: with the world. Yeah, you know, if Chuck's not wearing 15 00:00:55,920 --> 00:00:58,040 Speaker 1: that hat, who knows what's going on? 16 00:00:58,600 --> 00:01:03,200 Speaker 2: Yeah, I thought a loss of sing yeah once. Yeah, 17 00:01:03,400 --> 00:01:03,880 Speaker 2: I think I. 18 00:01:03,880 --> 00:01:05,560 Speaker 1: Vaguely remember that dude freaked. 19 00:01:06,920 --> 00:01:08,959 Speaker 2: I was on the with Delta and everything, and I 20 00:01:09,000 --> 00:01:09,840 Speaker 2: was like, oh, here it is. 21 00:01:10,959 --> 00:01:14,039 Speaker 1: It's on my head your back pocket, like Bruce Springsteen. 22 00:01:14,120 --> 00:01:14,479 Speaker 2: That's right. 23 00:01:15,720 --> 00:01:23,480 Speaker 1: Uh, how you doing great, Chuck, Yes, let's talk about electricity, electricity, electricity. 24 00:01:23,760 --> 00:01:26,240 Speaker 1: I've had the Talking Heads song in my head, which 25 00:01:26,240 --> 00:01:30,559 Speaker 1: one electricity? Okay, where all these sees are little dots. 26 00:01:30,600 --> 00:01:32,640 Speaker 1: I thought you're gonna say once in a lifetime. No, 27 00:01:32,760 --> 00:01:36,480 Speaker 1: that's what is that called once in a lifetime? Yeah? 28 00:01:37,080 --> 00:01:41,319 Speaker 3: Uh yeah, I've been singing the Schoolhouse Rock electricity song 29 00:01:41,400 --> 00:01:42,360 Speaker 3: over and over in my head. 30 00:01:42,360 --> 00:01:46,559 Speaker 1: What about the electric company theme song? Mmm, I haven't 31 00:01:46,600 --> 00:01:48,240 Speaker 1: been singing that, but do you remember it? 32 00:01:48,640 --> 00:01:52,040 Speaker 2: Yeah? That was I was electric Company over Sesame Street even. 33 00:01:53,120 --> 00:01:54,920 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, I didn't think there had to be like 34 00:01:54,960 --> 00:01:56,840 Speaker 1: a you know, I didn't know it was like the 35 00:01:56,880 --> 00:01:58,240 Speaker 1: Stones or the Beatles, you know. 36 00:01:58,600 --> 00:02:01,520 Speaker 2: No, it's uh and the correct answer there's the Who. 37 00:02:01,800 --> 00:02:05,080 Speaker 1: By the way, what do you mean like that? 38 00:02:06,440 --> 00:02:06,640 Speaker 2: Who? 39 00:02:06,800 --> 00:02:07,320 Speaker 1: Is that? Right? 40 00:02:07,640 --> 00:02:07,680 Speaker 2: No? 41 00:02:07,800 --> 00:02:11,840 Speaker 3: I mean yeah, I love the Who, But I'm with you. 42 00:02:11,880 --> 00:02:14,520 Speaker 3: I don't see the need to rank things like that. 43 00:02:14,960 --> 00:02:18,360 Speaker 1: Well, Plus, the electric Company came on after Sesame Street, 44 00:02:18,400 --> 00:02:18,880 Speaker 1: I think. 45 00:02:18,800 --> 00:02:20,560 Speaker 2: Yeah, it skewed slightly older. 46 00:02:21,160 --> 00:02:24,360 Speaker 3: I think Sesame Street to me felt like, you know, 47 00:02:24,600 --> 00:02:25,720 Speaker 3: six seven eight year olds. 48 00:02:25,720 --> 00:02:26,640 Speaker 2: Electric companies were. 49 00:02:26,600 --> 00:02:28,840 Speaker 1: Like eight, nine to ten, twelve, and then even younger 50 00:02:28,880 --> 00:02:31,600 Speaker 1: than Sesame Street was Pinwheel if I remember correctly, and 51 00:02:31,760 --> 00:02:34,840 Speaker 1: that was after your time, Okay, Pinwell was pretty cute. 52 00:02:35,080 --> 00:02:37,120 Speaker 1: It was like little kids, and then Sesame Street was 53 00:02:37,160 --> 00:02:40,160 Speaker 1: like little kids, and then Electric Company was like cool. 54 00:02:40,280 --> 00:02:43,520 Speaker 2: Yeah, and Romper Room was kind of pre Sesame Street. 55 00:02:43,280 --> 00:02:46,440 Speaker 1: Even so, was that the one with Reggedy Ann and Andy? Mmm? 56 00:02:47,240 --> 00:02:51,040 Speaker 2: I don't remember. I just remember it was very immature. Yeah, 57 00:02:51,040 --> 00:02:51,840 Speaker 2: it's very childish. 58 00:02:51,840 --> 00:02:54,280 Speaker 1: You think Raggedy Ann and Andy were in that. Well. 59 00:02:54,320 --> 00:02:56,560 Speaker 1: At any rate, we've angered enough people now, I know. 60 00:02:57,800 --> 00:02:59,080 Speaker 1: I have an intro for this one. 61 00:02:59,160 --> 00:02:59,440 Speaker 2: Great. 62 00:02:59,720 --> 00:03:05,160 Speaker 1: Okay, you ready, about thirteen point eight billion years ago, 63 00:03:05,880 --> 00:03:08,840 Speaker 1: a little something called the Big Bang happened and the 64 00:03:08,960 --> 00:03:11,720 Speaker 1: universe was created, so says you, So this is a 65 00:03:11,720 --> 00:03:14,920 Speaker 1: lot of people. Yeah, you know, we weren't around. Nobody 66 00:03:14,960 --> 00:03:19,880 Speaker 1: saw it, but it's been detected and it's strongly suspected 67 00:03:20,320 --> 00:03:24,160 Speaker 1: by scientists that the universe is thirteen point eight billion 68 00:03:24,200 --> 00:03:26,680 Speaker 1: years old and that it came from something called the 69 00:03:26,680 --> 00:03:29,080 Speaker 1: Big Bang, which, by the way, I would love to 70 00:03:29,120 --> 00:03:33,560 Speaker 1: do an episode on. Yeah, let's do it, okay, and 71 00:03:33,639 --> 00:03:36,720 Speaker 1: under the auspices of the Big Bang theory, not the 72 00:03:36,760 --> 00:03:41,320 Speaker 1: TV show, but the actual theory. At that moment, all 73 00:03:41,360 --> 00:03:44,720 Speaker 1: of the energy in the entire universe was created. Right then, 74 00:03:46,040 --> 00:03:50,200 Speaker 1: boom bam. Ever, since that point the energy has no 75 00:03:50,280 --> 00:03:53,240 Speaker 1: more energy has been created and none of that energy 76 00:03:53,240 --> 00:03:56,760 Speaker 1: has been destroyed. But it changes states, it changes shapes, 77 00:03:56,800 --> 00:04:01,000 Speaker 1: It can be locked up in different places. It can 78 00:04:01,040 --> 00:04:04,120 Speaker 1: be transferred from one place to another via some natural 79 00:04:04,200 --> 00:04:08,760 Speaker 1: ways like convection, conduction, radiation, and like I said, it 80 00:04:08,760 --> 00:04:11,640 Speaker 1: can be stored in stuff. It can be stored in 81 00:04:11,680 --> 00:04:16,200 Speaker 1: your body. Right. Fat is potential energy that can be 82 00:04:16,360 --> 00:04:19,760 Speaker 1: burned and used for energy to carry out work, which 83 00:04:19,800 --> 00:04:22,880 Speaker 1: is all we're looking to do is work. We use 84 00:04:22,960 --> 00:04:25,560 Speaker 1: energy to carry out work, whether it's digging a shovel 85 00:04:25,640 --> 00:04:28,200 Speaker 1: or lighting a light bulb. That's what energy does. It 86 00:04:28,240 --> 00:04:33,839 Speaker 1: produces work. Right, Okay, we've figured out along the way 87 00:04:33,960 --> 00:04:36,360 Speaker 1: that we don't have to wait around for radiation or 88 00:04:36,440 --> 00:04:41,160 Speaker 1: convection or conduction to do its thing to provide energy, 89 00:04:41,560 --> 00:04:45,400 Speaker 1: because we'd have a lot of waiting to do. We 90 00:04:45,440 --> 00:04:47,159 Speaker 1: wouldn't be in the computer age right now if it 91 00:04:47,160 --> 00:04:52,799 Speaker 1: weren't for something called electricity, which is basically how humans 92 00:04:52,839 --> 00:04:57,040 Speaker 1: have figured out how to harness converting energy from one 93 00:04:57,040 --> 00:05:01,520 Speaker 1: type of another and then transmitting it very long distance. Yeah, 94 00:05:01,560 --> 00:05:05,479 Speaker 1: because electricity isn't a primary energy source like the sun 95 00:05:05,600 --> 00:05:09,440 Speaker 1: or solar radiation, or nuclear energy or even the flow 96 00:05:09,480 --> 00:05:12,760 Speaker 1: of water kinetic energy. No, it's created, yeah, it's and 97 00:05:12,839 --> 00:05:16,320 Speaker 1: it's a secondary energy source. It's a carrier, that's right. 98 00:05:16,720 --> 00:05:21,040 Speaker 1: So electricity carries energy from one point to another. And 99 00:05:22,120 --> 00:05:25,760 Speaker 1: if you understand that, you understand the very basis of 100 00:05:26,400 --> 00:05:27,719 Speaker 1: what we're going to talk about today. 101 00:05:27,800 --> 00:05:28,520 Speaker 2: Yeah. 102 00:05:28,839 --> 00:05:33,000 Speaker 1: Like we've figured out how to generate electricity to carry 103 00:05:33,320 --> 00:05:35,560 Speaker 1: energy to produce work down the line. 104 00:05:35,680 --> 00:05:36,120 Speaker 2: That's right. 105 00:05:36,800 --> 00:05:40,320 Speaker 3: That's my intra which is usually mechanical energy is what's 106 00:05:40,360 --> 00:05:42,479 Speaker 3: produced right by a machine. 107 00:05:42,560 --> 00:05:46,480 Speaker 1: Yes, so think about this, like, if you capture mechanical 108 00:05:46,600 --> 00:05:49,880 Speaker 1: energy like water spinning a turbine, which we'll talk about, yeah, 109 00:05:50,480 --> 00:05:53,400 Speaker 1: and Niagara Falls, that's not going to do anything to 110 00:05:53,480 --> 00:05:57,320 Speaker 1: light your light bulb two hundred miles away. 111 00:05:57,520 --> 00:05:58,560 Speaker 2: No, not by itself. 112 00:05:58,760 --> 00:06:03,040 Speaker 1: No, unless you connect the two, you send the work 113 00:06:03,240 --> 00:06:06,479 Speaker 1: produced the energy captured in Niagara Falls down to your 114 00:06:06,560 --> 00:06:11,120 Speaker 1: light bulb. And that's what we do using electricity. 115 00:06:10,560 --> 00:06:11,039 Speaker 2: That's right. 116 00:06:13,040 --> 00:06:17,719 Speaker 3: Yeah, it's pretty simple. Actually, it seems complicated, but it's not. No, 117 00:06:17,960 --> 00:06:19,560 Speaker 3: just electrons moving around. 118 00:06:19,800 --> 00:06:22,560 Speaker 1: Yeah, let's talk about electrons. Man, let's talk about the atom. 119 00:06:22,880 --> 00:06:25,160 Speaker 3: Well, should we talk about the history of this stuff? Yes, 120 00:06:25,279 --> 00:06:31,360 Speaker 3: let's back in the olden days. In ancient times, there 121 00:06:31,360 --> 00:06:36,960 Speaker 3: were dudes messing around with energy and static electricity without 122 00:06:36,960 --> 00:06:40,480 Speaker 3: even knowing what they were doing. Right, they didn't understand it. 123 00:06:40,720 --> 00:06:42,880 Speaker 3: That doesn't mean that they weren't playing around with. 124 00:06:42,800 --> 00:06:47,960 Speaker 1: It, No, and getting zapped because they're messing with static electricity. 125 00:06:47,360 --> 00:06:50,360 Speaker 3: That's right, which we'll explain all that later to But 126 00:06:50,400 --> 00:06:53,520 Speaker 3: there was one dude called Dallas of Melitas. He is 127 00:06:53,600 --> 00:06:57,080 Speaker 3: a philosopher in Greece and in six hundred BC he 128 00:06:57,200 --> 00:07:00,520 Speaker 3: is thought to have been the first dude to around 129 00:07:00,560 --> 00:07:06,080 Speaker 3: with electrostatics static electricity by rubbing amber with fur, and 130 00:07:06,240 --> 00:07:08,520 Speaker 3: he noticed that dust and feathers and things were attracted 131 00:07:08,520 --> 00:07:10,880 Speaker 3: to it. He didn't know what the heck was going on, 132 00:07:11,280 --> 00:07:12,360 Speaker 3: but he knew something. 133 00:07:12,200 --> 00:07:14,760 Speaker 1: Was up right, and the amber plays a pretty big role. 134 00:07:14,840 --> 00:07:19,960 Speaker 1: It's actually amber. The Latin er I'm sorry is it Greek? 135 00:07:20,120 --> 00:07:23,960 Speaker 1: Greek Greek word for amber is electron with a K. 136 00:07:24,480 --> 00:07:24,920 Speaker 2: Yeah. 137 00:07:25,240 --> 00:07:25,760 Speaker 1: That was like. 138 00:07:25,680 --> 00:07:27,080 Speaker 2: The way heavy metal. 139 00:07:27,160 --> 00:07:30,080 Speaker 1: Yeah, you know, but that's so like our Our word 140 00:07:30,080 --> 00:07:33,560 Speaker 1: electricity is derived from the Greek word for amber. From 141 00:07:33,640 --> 00:07:36,200 Speaker 1: that first experiment with static electricity. 142 00:07:36,720 --> 00:07:38,720 Speaker 3: Yeah, and it was actually coined by a dude named 143 00:07:39,480 --> 00:07:43,720 Speaker 3: William Gilbert. He was an Englishman, a physician, and he 144 00:07:43,800 --> 00:07:46,200 Speaker 3: was studying sort of the same things with static electricity 145 00:07:46,240 --> 00:07:50,240 Speaker 3: that Militis was. And he was the first person to 146 00:07:50,240 --> 00:07:53,480 Speaker 3: say it's electric when he saw these forces at work. 147 00:07:53,760 --> 00:07:57,520 Speaker 1: With an exclamation point and his finger in the air. Yeah, 148 00:07:57,600 --> 00:08:00,560 Speaker 1: and we should probably we should probably differentiate, like there's 149 00:08:00,560 --> 00:08:03,040 Speaker 1: a couple of types of electricity. There's static electricity, and 150 00:08:03,040 --> 00:08:07,600 Speaker 1: then there's current electricity, right, and current electricity is what 151 00:08:07,680 --> 00:08:12,640 Speaker 1: we are able to generate artificially. Static electricity exists in 152 00:08:12,760 --> 00:08:16,560 Speaker 1: nature just naturally. Yes, and that was the first experiments 153 00:08:16,560 --> 00:08:19,920 Speaker 1: carried out. Then there's other types of current electricity like lightning. 154 00:08:20,400 --> 00:08:22,680 Speaker 1: But at this time when these people are messing with 155 00:08:22,760 --> 00:08:27,440 Speaker 1: electric or static electricity or saying it's electric for the 156 00:08:27,480 --> 00:08:32,080 Speaker 1: first time, yeah, the concept electricity was that it was fluid. 157 00:08:32,800 --> 00:08:35,800 Speaker 2: Well, it was fluid. He was on the right track. 158 00:08:36,160 --> 00:08:37,079 Speaker 2: Something is flowing. 159 00:08:37,559 --> 00:08:41,000 Speaker 3: But they thought it was literally a fluid which they 160 00:08:41,000 --> 00:08:42,199 Speaker 3: called which. 161 00:08:42,240 --> 00:08:43,560 Speaker 2: In those days was called a humor. 162 00:08:44,200 --> 00:08:46,880 Speaker 3: And he said it leaves what he called then an 163 00:08:47,440 --> 00:08:52,400 Speaker 3: afflu vivvum effluvium, right, which is atmosphere around it. When 164 00:08:52,440 --> 00:08:56,320 Speaker 3: you create this rubbing action, it removes that fluid. But 165 00:08:56,520 --> 00:09:00,240 Speaker 3: it wasn't fluid. They were not dummies back then, but 166 00:09:00,280 --> 00:09:01,400 Speaker 3: they were just figuring it all out. 167 00:09:01,440 --> 00:09:03,760 Speaker 1: No, they weren't dummies because even Ben Franklin thought it 168 00:09:03,800 --> 00:09:08,120 Speaker 1: was a fluid. It was the prevailing idea concept of electricity, 169 00:09:09,280 --> 00:09:12,760 Speaker 1: and Ben Franklin and a couple of his contemporaries, including 170 00:09:12,760 --> 00:09:18,640 Speaker 1: a guy named Thomas Francois Dalibard, were studying electricity big time, 171 00:09:19,200 --> 00:09:22,880 Speaker 1: and it was when they really investigated lightning that our 172 00:09:23,840 --> 00:09:28,160 Speaker 1: understanding of current electricity started to take shape. 173 00:09:28,440 --> 00:09:31,720 Speaker 3: Yeah, the old story of Ben Franklin flying his kite 174 00:09:32,600 --> 00:09:34,920 Speaker 3: may or may not have happened. There are some people 175 00:09:34,960 --> 00:09:36,720 Speaker 3: that think that didn't happen now. 176 00:09:37,200 --> 00:09:40,079 Speaker 1: But if he didn't do it, other people did. There 177 00:09:40,120 --> 00:09:43,800 Speaker 1: were guys who died carrying out that experiment. Yeah, but 178 00:09:44,080 --> 00:09:45,719 Speaker 1: it was definitely carried out. I don't know if Ben 179 00:09:45,760 --> 00:09:46,560 Speaker 1: Franklin did or not. 180 00:09:46,800 --> 00:09:49,400 Speaker 3: Yeah, that's sort of the story that he flew the 181 00:09:49,440 --> 00:09:53,040 Speaker 3: kite with the key, and some people think it either 182 00:09:53,080 --> 00:09:54,679 Speaker 3: didn't go down like that or didn't go down with 183 00:09:54,760 --> 00:09:55,600 Speaker 3: him at all. 184 00:09:56,160 --> 00:09:57,439 Speaker 2: But it's a great story either way. 185 00:09:57,559 --> 00:10:01,480 Speaker 1: Yeah, and I think he at least proposed it the experiment. 186 00:10:01,880 --> 00:10:02,000 Speaker 2: Well. 187 00:10:02,080 --> 00:10:04,160 Speaker 3: Yeah, and he was the first guy to say that 188 00:10:04,720 --> 00:10:07,520 Speaker 3: electricity has a positive and negative charge and that it 189 00:10:07,520 --> 00:10:08,920 Speaker 3: flows from positive to negative. 190 00:10:09,440 --> 00:10:11,240 Speaker 2: So he's a smart guy, very smart. 191 00:10:11,240 --> 00:10:12,000 Speaker 1: He's a polymn. 192 00:10:12,400 --> 00:10:17,120 Speaker 3: Then there was another smart dude named Coulomb, Charles Augustin 193 00:10:17,200 --> 00:10:22,040 Speaker 3: de Coulomb, and he is the one that wrote Coulomb's law. 194 00:10:22,240 --> 00:10:26,640 Speaker 3: And he said, charges like charges repel, opposite charges attract, 195 00:10:26,720 --> 00:10:29,000 Speaker 3: and that's kind of like the basis for it all. 196 00:10:29,320 --> 00:10:33,199 Speaker 1: Yeah. And the force of these charges is proportional to 197 00:10:33,320 --> 00:10:37,679 Speaker 1: their product. So if you multiply the charges, they are 198 00:10:37,960 --> 00:10:40,200 Speaker 1: going to be very strong or canceled on another out 199 00:10:40,280 --> 00:10:41,440 Speaker 1: or push one another away. 200 00:10:41,600 --> 00:10:41,800 Speaker 2: Yeah. 201 00:10:41,840 --> 00:10:45,440 Speaker 3: He basically said, you can now calculate this right because 202 00:10:45,440 --> 00:10:46,880 Speaker 3: of my handy dandy little law. 203 00:10:47,000 --> 00:10:52,240 Speaker 1: Yeah, and with a boom, he said boom, not bang. Okay, 204 00:10:52,280 --> 00:10:54,800 Speaker 1: that came earlier later on. 205 00:10:54,920 --> 00:10:55,800 Speaker 2: A guy named J. J. 206 00:10:56,040 --> 00:11:00,360 Speaker 3: Thompson in eighteen ninety seven said at a science conference, Hey, 207 00:11:01,080 --> 00:11:06,640 Speaker 3: I found something smaller than the atom. And everyone said, silly, man, 208 00:11:06,800 --> 00:11:10,599 Speaker 3: atoms are invisible. You can't it even means invisible. 209 00:11:10,480 --> 00:11:14,040 Speaker 2: You liar, And he said no, I promise it's there's 210 00:11:14,040 --> 00:11:16,400 Speaker 2: something smaller, it's got a negative charge, and I'm going 211 00:11:16,480 --> 00:11:17,479 Speaker 2: to call it a corpuscle. 212 00:11:17,920 --> 00:11:18,520 Speaker 1: No he didn't. 213 00:11:18,600 --> 00:11:22,000 Speaker 3: Yeah, it is Latin for small bodies. And then I think, 214 00:11:22,160 --> 00:11:24,760 Speaker 3: I don't know who later said let's change it to electron. 215 00:11:24,880 --> 00:11:26,080 Speaker 1: Yeah, that sounds way cooler. 216 00:11:26,200 --> 00:11:30,199 Speaker 3: But the discovery of the electron was basically the birth 217 00:11:30,400 --> 00:11:34,239 Speaker 3: of what we know is electricity today. Yeah, the understanding 218 00:11:34,240 --> 00:11:35,839 Speaker 3: of the electron is what it's all about. 219 00:11:36,080 --> 00:11:39,440 Speaker 1: And would you say, like eighteen ninety seven, yes, So 220 00:11:40,720 --> 00:11:44,040 Speaker 1: before that time, I guess he didn't understand the electron, 221 00:11:44,080 --> 00:11:47,400 Speaker 1: but he understood electricity. A guy named Michael Faraday was 222 00:11:47,400 --> 00:11:48,760 Speaker 1: working on the. 223 00:11:48,679 --> 00:11:50,400 Speaker 2: Case stud Yeah. 224 00:11:50,480 --> 00:11:54,680 Speaker 1: Basically everybody's like Ben frank on electricity hand in hand. 225 00:11:54,960 --> 00:11:59,680 Speaker 1: Really it's Michael Faraday, who is British, who really came 226 00:11:59,760 --> 00:12:04,720 Speaker 1: to the foundation for electrifying the world. He just he 227 00:12:04,800 --> 00:12:08,360 Speaker 1: created the first dynamo, which is a generator which we'll 228 00:12:08,360 --> 00:12:09,240 Speaker 1: talk about. 229 00:12:09,280 --> 00:12:11,199 Speaker 2: He first electric motor. 230 00:12:11,360 --> 00:12:16,640 Speaker 1: Yeah, yeah, he just he got electricity and he explained 231 00:12:16,679 --> 00:12:17,880 Speaker 1: it to other people very well. 232 00:12:18,120 --> 00:12:21,720 Speaker 3: Can you even fathom how smart these people were to 233 00:12:21,840 --> 00:12:25,079 Speaker 3: be that in the dark and figuring all this subatomic 234 00:12:25,240 --> 00:12:25,840 Speaker 3: stuff out. 235 00:12:26,160 --> 00:12:29,800 Speaker 1: Yeah. Back then, hats off, top, Hats off to these guys. 236 00:12:29,559 --> 00:12:30,760 Speaker 2: Last chance garageot off. 237 00:12:30,840 --> 00:12:34,720 Speaker 1: Yeah, I'm back on, Like I have trouble understanding it now, 238 00:12:35,160 --> 00:12:38,680 Speaker 1: right when it's explained through like Kids for Science website, 239 00:12:38,880 --> 00:12:39,160 Speaker 1: you know. 240 00:12:39,360 --> 00:12:41,760 Speaker 2: Like inventing this, figuring this stuff out with the first time. 241 00:12:41,800 --> 00:12:42,320 Speaker 1: Right exactly. 242 00:12:42,400 --> 00:12:42,600 Speaker 2: Yeah. 243 00:12:42,600 --> 00:12:45,080 Speaker 1: And it's a pretty dangerous field to try to figure 244 00:12:45,160 --> 00:12:46,400 Speaker 1: out blind too, you know. 245 00:12:46,679 --> 00:12:49,240 Speaker 2: Yeah, I mean more than one scientist got a shock 246 00:12:49,280 --> 00:12:52,320 Speaker 2: from a Leyden jar. Oh yeah, and you can make those, dud? 247 00:12:52,320 --> 00:12:53,600 Speaker 2: Did you make those in science class? 248 00:12:53,760 --> 00:12:53,840 Speaker 1: No? 249 00:12:54,160 --> 00:12:55,120 Speaker 2: Yeah, you can make those. 250 00:12:55,160 --> 00:12:57,360 Speaker 1: Well, it's we should say a leaden jar is a 251 00:12:57,480 --> 00:13:01,000 Speaker 1: very primitive capacitor to use a metal rod in a jar, 252 00:13:01,280 --> 00:13:04,080 Speaker 1: a nail that's sunk into like some water, and it 253 00:13:04,120 --> 00:13:08,439 Speaker 1: can store a charge. I think Ben Franklin's kite experiment 254 00:13:08,640 --> 00:13:11,160 Speaker 1: attached the kite to or a rod or something to 255 00:13:11,960 --> 00:13:16,520 Speaker 1: a laden jar to store the charge too, if that happened, right, 256 00:13:16,840 --> 00:13:19,360 Speaker 1: But again, he did make the proposal. It's whether or 257 00:13:19,400 --> 00:13:21,240 Speaker 1: not he carried it out as it's question. 258 00:13:21,360 --> 00:13:23,840 Speaker 3: All right, I guess now we can get the atoms finally. 259 00:13:24,559 --> 00:13:27,960 Speaker 3: Atoms are very tiny and they make up molecules and 260 00:13:28,200 --> 00:13:30,200 Speaker 3: molecules make up everything you see. 261 00:13:30,320 --> 00:13:32,640 Speaker 1: Yeah, atoms are the building block of matter. That's right, 262 00:13:34,000 --> 00:13:38,680 Speaker 1: an atam. Remember we're always talking about nature loves homeostasis, 263 00:13:38,760 --> 00:13:46,200 Speaker 1: Oh man does it? You've got a balance that nature 264 00:13:46,320 --> 00:13:50,000 Speaker 1: always seeks tries to achieve it. Same with atoms or 265 00:13:50,040 --> 00:13:52,800 Speaker 1: atoms are no exception. I should say within an atom, 266 00:13:52,880 --> 00:13:55,920 Speaker 1: you have a nucleus which is made up of protons 267 00:13:55,920 --> 00:14:01,040 Speaker 1: and neutrons. Protons are positively charged particles, neutrons are neutral. 268 00:14:01,520 --> 00:14:06,079 Speaker 1: And then orbiting that nucleus making the cool atom symbol 269 00:14:06,440 --> 00:14:10,720 Speaker 1: are electrons and they're negatively charged. Right, And when you 270 00:14:10,840 --> 00:14:17,320 Speaker 1: have an equal number of protons to electrons, you have 271 00:14:17,400 --> 00:14:19,080 Speaker 1: a neutral atom. 272 00:14:19,280 --> 00:14:22,400 Speaker 3: Yeah, there's no potential energy there. It's just in balance. 273 00:14:23,160 --> 00:14:26,480 Speaker 3: And a lot of stuff is like that. A lot 274 00:14:26,480 --> 00:14:29,920 Speaker 3: of stuff is in balance, some stuff is not well. 275 00:14:30,160 --> 00:14:33,160 Speaker 1: Some stuff falls out of balance easier than other stuff. 276 00:14:33,360 --> 00:14:38,040 Speaker 3: Well, yeah, the electrons sometimes they're super tightly bound to 277 00:14:38,080 --> 00:14:39,640 Speaker 3: the atom and they don't want to leave the house. 278 00:14:40,160 --> 00:14:45,640 Speaker 3: They want to stick around. Sometimes they're crazy teenagers and 279 00:14:45,760 --> 00:14:49,840 Speaker 3: the slightest energy and movement makes them jump off from 280 00:14:49,880 --> 00:14:51,800 Speaker 3: the atom and just say I want to go attach 281 00:14:51,840 --> 00:14:52,720 Speaker 3: myself to something else. 282 00:14:52,760 --> 00:14:56,800 Speaker 1: We go on rum Springer. Yeah, yeah, and it depends 283 00:14:56,840 --> 00:15:00,640 Speaker 1: on the material. And those types of material that have 284 00:15:00,800 --> 00:15:06,240 Speaker 1: either tightly connected or loosely connected atoms either end up 285 00:15:06,760 --> 00:15:11,120 Speaker 1: conducting electricity very well or don't conduct electricity very well, 286 00:15:11,240 --> 00:15:15,400 Speaker 1: so they act as either electrical conductors or electrical insulators. 287 00:15:15,600 --> 00:15:15,840 Speaker 2: Yeah. 288 00:15:15,880 --> 00:15:17,520 Speaker 3: Like, if you pick up a stick off the ground, 289 00:15:18,640 --> 00:15:21,240 Speaker 3: it's electrons like staying close to home, so it's not 290 00:15:21,280 --> 00:15:23,920 Speaker 3: going to conduct electricity. If you pick up a metal rod, 291 00:15:24,600 --> 00:15:28,320 Speaker 3: those electrons are crazy loose and they like to go 292 00:15:28,400 --> 00:15:31,440 Speaker 3: off and do those things that teenage electrons do, and 293 00:15:31,600 --> 00:15:34,880 Speaker 3: therefore it does conduct electricity. 294 00:15:34,400 --> 00:15:35,080 Speaker 2: Right very well. 295 00:15:35,400 --> 00:15:38,200 Speaker 1: Under normal circumstances. When you pick up that rod or 296 00:15:38,240 --> 00:15:41,240 Speaker 1: you pick up that stick, the electrons are staying put 297 00:15:41,320 --> 00:15:44,600 Speaker 1: no matter what. But we figured out along the way 298 00:15:44,760 --> 00:15:47,800 Speaker 1: thanks to the work of all of the people, from 299 00:15:48,040 --> 00:15:51,560 Speaker 1: the Greeks to Faraday, to Ben Franklin to your guy 300 00:15:51,640 --> 00:15:57,400 Speaker 1: with the core puscle idea. Yeah, JJ, what's his name, Yeah, JJ, 301 00:15:57,520 --> 00:16:01,800 Speaker 1: core Puzzle, I think Thompson. So thanks to the work 302 00:16:01,800 --> 00:16:04,320 Speaker 1: of all of these people, we figured out how to 303 00:16:04,480 --> 00:16:10,920 Speaker 1: knock electrons loose. And it's ingenious and simple, but it's 304 00:16:10,960 --> 00:16:15,520 Speaker 1: also very complex, and it involves the relationship between magnetism 305 00:16:15,800 --> 00:16:33,640 Speaker 1: and electricity. So Chuck, yes, we're talking about knocking electrons loose, 306 00:16:33,680 --> 00:16:36,520 Speaker 1: which is ultimately the basis of producing electricity. 307 00:16:36,960 --> 00:16:39,920 Speaker 3: Yeah, Like when you were a kid in elementary school, 308 00:16:39,960 --> 00:16:42,520 Speaker 3: you probably did the little balloon trick where you make 309 00:16:42,560 --> 00:16:44,920 Speaker 3: static electricity and make the balloon stick to your sweater. 310 00:16:45,520 --> 00:16:47,680 Speaker 3: All you're doing, you're rubbing that balloon on your sweater, 311 00:16:47,760 --> 00:16:51,560 Speaker 3: and electrons are jumping from that balloon onto your sweater. 312 00:16:52,240 --> 00:16:55,560 Speaker 3: And now there are two different charges going on. Because 313 00:16:56,040 --> 00:17:00,000 Speaker 3: you're overcharged, the balloon is now undercharged, and because opposite 314 00:17:00,120 --> 00:17:03,160 Speaker 3: it charges a tract it sticks to your sweater, right, 315 00:17:03,240 --> 00:17:05,080 Speaker 3: And that's static electricity. 316 00:17:04,520 --> 00:17:07,359 Speaker 1: And static you know, you have static and dynamic, and 317 00:17:07,440 --> 00:17:13,120 Speaker 1: dynamic indicates motion. Static indicates staying still, and they use 318 00:17:13,160 --> 00:17:16,840 Speaker 1: that to describe this type of electricity because the electrons 319 00:17:16,840 --> 00:17:19,560 Speaker 1: don't flow, they just sit there and wait for a connection. 320 00:17:20,280 --> 00:17:23,560 Speaker 1: Like when you touch something that's charged, like a door 321 00:17:23,640 --> 00:17:27,880 Speaker 1: knob after you've shuffled with your feet in socks over carpet. 322 00:17:28,400 --> 00:17:31,320 Speaker 1: When you touch that door knob, you're forming that connection, 323 00:17:31,440 --> 00:17:33,720 Speaker 1: and all of a sudden, the balance is achieved once more, 324 00:17:33,960 --> 00:17:35,400 Speaker 1: and the electrons flow. 325 00:17:35,320 --> 00:17:38,000 Speaker 2: Like you're literally a conductor of electricity in that moment. 326 00:17:38,760 --> 00:17:42,920 Speaker 1: So with current electricity, those electrons move, they move along 327 00:17:43,200 --> 00:17:46,920 Speaker 1: a conductive material, say like copper wire or something like that. 328 00:17:46,920 --> 00:17:47,640 Speaker 2: That's a hot one. 329 00:17:47,800 --> 00:17:53,520 Speaker 1: Right. So let's talk about how you produce an electrical current, right, Okay, 330 00:17:53,920 --> 00:17:56,840 Speaker 1: let's talk about generators and turbines and all that awesome stuff. 331 00:17:56,840 --> 00:18:00,600 Speaker 3: It sounds like you need to generate that electricity with 332 00:18:00,760 --> 00:18:02,800 Speaker 3: a generator, right. 333 00:18:02,840 --> 00:18:06,000 Speaker 1: I think that's what generators are called. That's why they're 334 00:18:06,000 --> 00:18:06,400 Speaker 1: called there. 335 00:18:06,480 --> 00:18:09,120 Speaker 3: Yeah, it's funny just how basic some of these things are. 336 00:18:09,440 --> 00:18:10,920 Speaker 3: Like you say, a compu tour. 337 00:18:10,960 --> 00:18:13,320 Speaker 1: Right, but but you just you've heard it so many 338 00:18:13,359 --> 00:18:15,280 Speaker 1: times you take it for granted and this is its meaning, 339 00:18:15,320 --> 00:18:18,000 Speaker 1: and it's like looking at a word too frequently. 340 00:18:18,960 --> 00:18:20,639 Speaker 3: Yeah, I think I think a lot of these words 341 00:18:21,480 --> 00:18:26,479 Speaker 3: are like that, like a generator or a core puzzle 342 00:18:27,640 --> 00:18:31,600 Speaker 3: or a what's it called when he stop down the electricity, 343 00:18:31,600 --> 00:18:34,919 Speaker 3: which we'll get to transformer? Yeah, it transforms something. But 344 00:18:35,000 --> 00:18:36,920 Speaker 3: you say them so much, you're like, what's a transformer do? 345 00:18:37,200 --> 00:18:37,280 Speaker 1: Right? 346 00:18:37,440 --> 00:18:37,679 Speaker 2: You know? 347 00:18:38,040 --> 00:18:40,760 Speaker 3: Yeah, anyway, I've been reading too much science for dummies, 348 00:18:40,760 --> 00:18:46,080 Speaker 3: I think. All right, so generators, well, I guess it 349 00:18:46,119 --> 00:18:47,760 Speaker 3: all comes down to magnetism. 350 00:18:48,040 --> 00:18:49,760 Speaker 2: Yes, in the case of generators. 351 00:18:50,200 --> 00:18:53,840 Speaker 3: And if you want to listen to two shows Lightning 352 00:18:53,880 --> 00:18:57,119 Speaker 3: and Magnetism before this one, it might help you understand 353 00:18:57,119 --> 00:18:58,080 Speaker 3: electricity a little. 354 00:18:57,920 --> 00:18:59,720 Speaker 1: Bit more, all right, So just go listen to those, 355 00:18:59,720 --> 00:19:02,439 Speaker 1: well to do that right now, wait two hours. So 356 00:19:03,880 --> 00:19:08,439 Speaker 1: what I think Faraday figured out was that because of 357 00:19:08,440 --> 00:19:14,200 Speaker 1: this relationship between a magnet and electricity, you can take 358 00:19:14,240 --> 00:19:19,560 Speaker 1: a magnet and you can move electrons in a say, 359 00:19:19,640 --> 00:19:23,160 Speaker 1: conductive material. You can knock the electrons loose basically using 360 00:19:23,200 --> 00:19:23,720 Speaker 1: a magnet. 361 00:19:23,960 --> 00:19:26,080 Speaker 3: Yeah, it's like what happens when you attract a paper 362 00:19:26,080 --> 00:19:28,399 Speaker 3: clip to a magnet. It's just the transfer of electrons 363 00:19:28,840 --> 00:19:29,480 Speaker 3: jumping around. 364 00:19:29,520 --> 00:19:33,280 Speaker 1: And you create a flow by flipping the polarity. And 365 00:19:33,320 --> 00:19:37,960 Speaker 1: you can do this by rotating metal right, Yeah, say 366 00:19:38,040 --> 00:19:41,480 Speaker 1: like a coiled copper within the two poles of a 367 00:19:41,560 --> 00:19:44,920 Speaker 1: large magnet. And when you do this, you're reversing polarity 368 00:19:45,200 --> 00:19:48,840 Speaker 1: all of a sudden, Yeah, and you are knocking the 369 00:19:48,880 --> 00:19:54,119 Speaker 1: electrons loose in those coils. And the way that you 370 00:19:54,440 --> 00:20:00,480 Speaker 1: spin the coils very quickly is by hooking the coils 371 00:20:00,520 --> 00:20:04,119 Speaker 1: to say a shaft. Yeah, we kind of did this backwards. 372 00:20:04,359 --> 00:20:07,240 Speaker 1: Let's start at the beginning. You want to Okay, let's 373 00:20:07,280 --> 00:20:08,560 Speaker 1: go to Niagara Falls. 374 00:20:08,840 --> 00:20:14,840 Speaker 2: Okay, back in eighteen ninety five George. 375 00:20:14,480 --> 00:20:18,600 Speaker 1: Westinghouse, who is Nikola Tesla's boss, Which, by the way, 376 00:20:18,600 --> 00:20:20,639 Speaker 1: if you want to listen to another really good podcast, 377 00:20:21,800 --> 00:20:23,920 Speaker 1: go listen to that one, Nikola Tesla one. 378 00:20:24,119 --> 00:20:24,359 Speaker 2: Yeah. 379 00:20:24,400 --> 00:20:27,040 Speaker 1: Remember it was all about the ac DC war between 380 00:20:27,040 --> 00:20:31,600 Speaker 1: Tesla and Addison. Yeah, good episode, killed shocking animals. Yeah, yeah, 381 00:20:31,640 --> 00:20:37,000 Speaker 1: it's pretty awful. But in eighteen ninety five, George Westinghouse 382 00:20:37,119 --> 00:20:41,119 Speaker 1: set up a hydro electric power plant along the Niagara Falls. 383 00:20:41,800 --> 00:20:44,880 Speaker 1: And what he did was he had a means of 384 00:20:45,320 --> 00:20:48,800 Speaker 1: taking the movement of water, which is kinetic energy. The 385 00:20:48,840 --> 00:20:51,399 Speaker 1: water at the top of the falls has potential energy, 386 00:20:51,560 --> 00:20:54,040 Speaker 1: and then once it falls over, that potential turns to 387 00:20:54,119 --> 00:20:58,280 Speaker 1: kinetic energy. Well, Westinghouse set up a turbine to catch 388 00:20:58,359 --> 00:21:02,400 Speaker 1: this movement of water, right, which is actual energy, and 389 00:21:02,640 --> 00:21:07,320 Speaker 1: have that movement spin a turbine, a propeller or a fan. 390 00:21:07,960 --> 00:21:11,560 Speaker 3: Yeah, it's the same concept as an old gristmill, except 391 00:21:11,560 --> 00:21:14,840 Speaker 3: it's not creating energy. It's just moving the stones that 392 00:21:14,920 --> 00:21:16,480 Speaker 3: grind the wheat or corn. 393 00:21:16,600 --> 00:21:19,879 Speaker 1: Right, the gristmill is in this case it's capturing that 394 00:21:20,040 --> 00:21:23,360 Speaker 1: energy by or it's transferring it, we should say, by 395 00:21:23,720 --> 00:21:26,800 Speaker 1: converting that kinetic energy from the water into mechanical energy 396 00:21:26,840 --> 00:21:31,280 Speaker 1: spinning the turbine. The turbine is connected to that shaft 397 00:21:31,320 --> 00:21:34,320 Speaker 1: I was talking about where we suddenly change course. And 398 00:21:34,400 --> 00:21:36,960 Speaker 1: at the end of that shaft, which is now spinning 399 00:21:37,000 --> 00:21:39,160 Speaker 1: thanks to the turbine, thanks to the movement of the water, 400 00:21:39,640 --> 00:21:43,120 Speaker 1: is some coiled copper and that coiled copper is spinning 401 00:21:43,200 --> 00:21:45,760 Speaker 1: within those two magnets. Yeah, that's the key, right, And 402 00:21:45,840 --> 00:21:48,480 Speaker 1: because of that, the electrons are being knocked loose. You 403 00:21:48,560 --> 00:21:52,080 Speaker 1: have a power line leading from the coiled copper out 404 00:21:52,200 --> 00:21:54,600 Speaker 1: and all of a sudden you have an electric current. 405 00:21:55,119 --> 00:21:55,439 Speaker 2: Yeah. 406 00:21:55,480 --> 00:21:58,560 Speaker 3: And if you've ever been to the Hoover Dam or something, 407 00:21:58,560 --> 00:22:01,480 Speaker 3: you don't have to have a waterfall or a river 408 00:22:01,800 --> 00:22:04,160 Speaker 3: to make this thing work. That's why they build dams. 409 00:22:04,160 --> 00:22:06,480 Speaker 3: You stop up the water and then at the base 410 00:22:06,520 --> 00:22:09,800 Speaker 3: of the dam you have the means to release that 411 00:22:09,840 --> 00:22:11,920 Speaker 3: water and then it becomes that flowing water. 412 00:22:12,160 --> 00:22:12,280 Speaker 2: Right. 413 00:22:12,320 --> 00:22:16,560 Speaker 1: And then also for thermal power plants, they use nuclear 414 00:22:16,600 --> 00:22:19,720 Speaker 1: power to create a nuclear reaction to produce heat, or 415 00:22:19,840 --> 00:22:23,040 Speaker 1: they burn coal to produce heat, and then they use 416 00:22:23,080 --> 00:22:25,840 Speaker 1: that heat to heat water, and then they use that 417 00:22:25,880 --> 00:22:29,639 Speaker 1: water to create steam, and then that steam turns a turbine. 418 00:22:29,680 --> 00:22:33,520 Speaker 3: And these are all just different methods, whether it's solar 419 00:22:33,680 --> 00:22:38,399 Speaker 3: or steam or nuclear. I almost set it, which is 420 00:22:38,440 --> 00:22:40,240 Speaker 3: weird because I definitely don't say it that way. 421 00:22:40,320 --> 00:22:41,640 Speaker 1: Well, you were very excited. 422 00:22:41,840 --> 00:22:44,399 Speaker 3: I think I said it enough as a joke that 423 00:22:44,520 --> 00:22:47,360 Speaker 3: it slips in. But anyway, all those are just means 424 00:22:47,800 --> 00:22:49,800 Speaker 3: to turn that turbine, right. 425 00:22:49,880 --> 00:22:53,640 Speaker 1: And all it is is you're using that stored energy, yeah, 426 00:22:53,720 --> 00:22:58,040 Speaker 1: or that kinetic energy like over here to create electricity 427 00:22:58,280 --> 00:23:00,960 Speaker 1: so that you can transfer it into you work down 428 00:23:01,000 --> 00:23:01,600 Speaker 1: the line. 429 00:23:01,800 --> 00:23:02,240 Speaker 2: That's right. 430 00:23:02,440 --> 00:23:03,359 Speaker 1: It's so cool. 431 00:23:03,800 --> 00:23:04,080 Speaker 2: Yeah. 432 00:23:04,119 --> 00:23:07,040 Speaker 3: And this article we used a few different articles for 433 00:23:07,080 --> 00:23:10,639 Speaker 3: this one, like we said, including some science for kids websites, 434 00:23:10,920 --> 00:23:12,520 Speaker 3: which by the way, I highly recommend. 435 00:23:13,000 --> 00:23:14,640 Speaker 1: Okay, if you don't get something. 436 00:23:14,359 --> 00:23:16,919 Speaker 3: Yeah, it's a great place to go. Visit are these 437 00:23:17,000 --> 00:23:19,040 Speaker 3: kids websites because they break it down like super simply. 438 00:23:19,840 --> 00:23:21,040 Speaker 2: But in our article, it. 439 00:23:22,880 --> 00:23:25,560 Speaker 3: Describes a generator as if it was a water and 440 00:23:25,600 --> 00:23:27,520 Speaker 3: a pump, which made a lot of sense to me. 441 00:23:28,680 --> 00:23:33,440 Speaker 3: The generator is the pump, but instead of pushing water 442 00:23:33,440 --> 00:23:39,960 Speaker 3: through a pipe, it's pushing electrons down a line power line. 443 00:23:39,640 --> 00:23:44,080 Speaker 1: And that whole like using water as an analogy for 444 00:23:44,359 --> 00:23:46,080 Speaker 1: electricity fits very well. 445 00:23:46,520 --> 00:23:49,479 Speaker 3: Yeah, but you need something to push it. It's not 446 00:23:49,520 --> 00:23:52,600 Speaker 3: a self pusher, so you need that force, and that 447 00:23:52,680 --> 00:23:55,440 Speaker 3: force is voltage, right, Yeah, it's electromotive force. 448 00:23:55,520 --> 00:23:58,720 Speaker 1: It's the same with water, like you have water pressure 449 00:23:58,760 --> 00:24:02,159 Speaker 1: that forces the water on the line, right, And with 450 00:24:02,240 --> 00:24:06,600 Speaker 1: electricity you have a force that moves electricity and it's voltage, 451 00:24:07,560 --> 00:24:10,040 Speaker 1: like you said, measured in volts. Yeah, and the electrical 452 00:24:10,160 --> 00:24:14,919 Speaker 1: current is measured in amps. And the amps represent the 453 00:24:14,920 --> 00:24:18,359 Speaker 1: total number of electrons flowing through any one point of 454 00:24:18,400 --> 00:24:22,120 Speaker 1: a circuit in any every second, and there's a lot 455 00:24:22,200 --> 00:24:22,480 Speaker 1: of them. 456 00:24:22,720 --> 00:24:27,000 Speaker 3: And if you have voltage and you add that to current, 457 00:24:27,080 --> 00:24:31,199 Speaker 3: which is amps, you get power, which is watts. 458 00:24:30,960 --> 00:24:34,960 Speaker 1: Right, and I think it's multiplied by it. Oh really, 459 00:24:35,119 --> 00:24:36,440 Speaker 1: yeah it is. 460 00:24:36,880 --> 00:24:40,240 Speaker 2: Okay. I wasn't even thinking of it as a math formula. 461 00:24:39,960 --> 00:24:41,560 Speaker 1: But it is. It is a math formula. And the 462 00:24:41,560 --> 00:24:44,320 Speaker 1: reason why it's a math formula is because they're related, 463 00:24:44,440 --> 00:24:47,120 Speaker 1: Like you can flip flop them, you can adjust them. 464 00:24:47,880 --> 00:24:53,639 Speaker 1: And that's the whole basis of industrial power transmission that 465 00:24:53,680 --> 00:24:54,760 Speaker 1: which we'll get to later. 466 00:24:55,160 --> 00:24:58,040 Speaker 3: Yeah, and I know it sounds a little confusing with 467 00:24:58,280 --> 00:25:00,679 Speaker 3: the volts, amps, and watts, but there are different Like 468 00:25:00,720 --> 00:25:03,560 Speaker 3: if you said, you know that guy was shocked and 469 00:25:03,600 --> 00:25:07,240 Speaker 3: he had one hundred and twenty volts coursing through his body, 470 00:25:07,280 --> 00:25:10,600 Speaker 3: that's not true at all, because the vault is the 471 00:25:10,640 --> 00:25:12,160 Speaker 3: force he's got. 472 00:25:12,320 --> 00:25:14,880 Speaker 2: He's got amps coursing through his body. Yeah, but you'd 473 00:25:14,880 --> 00:25:16,720 Speaker 2: be a huge geek to point that out to someone. 474 00:25:17,520 --> 00:25:20,239 Speaker 1: Someone said that, And a good rule of thumb is 475 00:25:20,480 --> 00:25:23,960 Speaker 1: the higher the vaults, the more dangerous the shock. Yeah, 476 00:25:24,000 --> 00:25:28,040 Speaker 1: which is why in America most outlets and homes are 477 00:25:28,119 --> 00:25:31,560 Speaker 1: two or one hundred and twenty volts, where if you 478 00:25:31,680 --> 00:25:34,720 Speaker 1: touch it, you're gonna feel it, but it's probably not 479 00:25:34,760 --> 00:25:35,359 Speaker 1: going to kill you. 480 00:25:35,760 --> 00:25:37,800 Speaker 3: In the United States it's one twenty. But it's different 481 00:25:37,800 --> 00:25:39,000 Speaker 3: in other countries. 482 00:25:38,720 --> 00:25:41,919 Speaker 1: Right, which is why like European appliance can't be plugged 483 00:25:41,920 --> 00:25:44,040 Speaker 1: into an American appliance because. 484 00:25:44,320 --> 00:25:45,480 Speaker 2: You got to get those adapters. 485 00:25:45,600 --> 00:25:52,320 Speaker 1: Yeah. So you were talking about current, which is the 486 00:25:52,440 --> 00:25:58,360 Speaker 1: number of electrons flowing through a circuit. You have the volts, 487 00:25:58,480 --> 00:26:01,800 Speaker 1: which is the force or pressure that's pushing them down 488 00:26:01,840 --> 00:26:06,439 Speaker 1: the line, and then you have those two multiplied by 489 00:26:06,480 --> 00:26:08,639 Speaker 1: one another to create watts, which is power. 490 00:26:08,800 --> 00:26:09,119 Speaker 2: Yeah. 491 00:26:09,280 --> 00:26:14,800 Speaker 1: You also there's one there's another factor to electrical currents, 492 00:26:16,119 --> 00:26:17,320 Speaker 1: and that is resistance. 493 00:26:17,400 --> 00:26:20,000 Speaker 3: Oh yeah, we didn't talk about that, so we acted 494 00:26:20,080 --> 00:26:23,040 Speaker 3: like it was all either an insulator or conductor. 495 00:26:23,080 --> 00:26:25,680 Speaker 1: But you can be a resistor, well, I mean everything, 496 00:26:25,840 --> 00:26:27,840 Speaker 1: Everything has a certain level of resistance. 497 00:26:28,040 --> 00:26:30,879 Speaker 3: Yeah, but if you're an official resistor, that means current moves, 498 00:26:30,880 --> 00:26:33,240 Speaker 3: it just doesn't move like as fast as it might 499 00:26:33,320 --> 00:26:34,640 Speaker 3: end metal, right or not. 500 00:26:34,640 --> 00:26:35,720 Speaker 2: At all as in wood. 501 00:26:35,960 --> 00:26:42,159 Speaker 1: Yeah, or glass is another good resistor insulator yeah, and 502 00:26:41,560 --> 00:26:46,600 Speaker 1: so is rubber. Yes, but even something is like conductive 503 00:26:46,600 --> 00:26:50,000 Speaker 1: as copper wire has a certain amount of resistance. And 504 00:26:50,480 --> 00:26:53,919 Speaker 1: again that water flowing analogy comes into place. Like if 505 00:26:53,960 --> 00:26:57,480 Speaker 1: you pump like some water really really hard, Yes, try 506 00:26:57,480 --> 00:27:00,160 Speaker 1: to get a lot of water through a very small pipe, 507 00:27:00,280 --> 00:27:03,240 Speaker 1: it's still not going to come out very high, very 508 00:27:03,240 --> 00:27:07,439 Speaker 1: fast because you're trying to force too much water through 509 00:27:07,480 --> 00:27:12,479 Speaker 1: that little pipe. So in the exact same way, a 510 00:27:12,520 --> 00:27:15,199 Speaker 1: thin wire where you're trying to push a lot of 511 00:27:15,240 --> 00:27:19,120 Speaker 1: amps through and a lot of volts through, it's going 512 00:27:19,160 --> 00:27:23,520 Speaker 1: to resist. And when you have resistance in an electrical circuit, 513 00:27:23,920 --> 00:27:27,359 Speaker 1: you have what you lose some of those electrons that 514 00:27:27,400 --> 00:27:30,040 Speaker 1: are flowing in the form of heat, which is produced 515 00:27:30,040 --> 00:27:33,479 Speaker 1: by electrons bumping up against other atoms that aren't sharing 516 00:27:33,680 --> 00:27:38,080 Speaker 1: their electrons, and that's the result of friction. 517 00:27:38,600 --> 00:27:43,959 Speaker 3: And resistance is measured in ohms ohm. Should we talk 518 00:27:43,960 --> 00:27:44,640 Speaker 3: about circuits? 519 00:27:45,240 --> 00:27:45,480 Speaker 1: Yeah? 520 00:27:45,520 --> 00:27:46,000 Speaker 2: Are we there? 521 00:27:46,240 --> 00:27:47,080 Speaker 1: I think so. 522 00:27:47,080 --> 00:27:48,480 Speaker 2: So all this is well and good. 523 00:27:48,680 --> 00:27:52,160 Speaker 3: That's you know, you can supply power and we'll talk 524 00:27:52,200 --> 00:27:55,560 Speaker 3: about this more in detail to homes from a power plant, 525 00:27:56,560 --> 00:28:00,359 Speaker 3: but you can also have a little battery supplying that 526 00:28:00,480 --> 00:28:05,560 Speaker 3: electrical energy to a iPhone, let's say, right, And in 527 00:28:05,600 --> 00:28:08,359 Speaker 3: that case you need something called a circuit, which is 528 00:28:08,960 --> 00:28:13,840 Speaker 3: basically just a closed loop that allows the electrons to travel. 529 00:28:14,359 --> 00:28:16,800 Speaker 3: And in most electronics it's like like you said, like 530 00:28:16,840 --> 00:28:21,200 Speaker 3: copper wire maybe, and it travels from you know, there's 531 00:28:21,200 --> 00:28:23,879 Speaker 3: a switch that turns it on and off, which is 532 00:28:23,880 --> 00:28:24,280 Speaker 3: why a. 533 00:28:24,200 --> 00:28:25,800 Speaker 2: Circuit is called a circuit breaker. 534 00:28:25,920 --> 00:28:28,400 Speaker 3: Like if you break that circuit by turning the switch off, 535 00:28:28,520 --> 00:28:31,440 Speaker 3: or if the wire like snaps or something, it's gonna 536 00:28:31,920 --> 00:28:33,840 Speaker 3: no more electrons are going to be flowing. 537 00:28:34,520 --> 00:28:37,720 Speaker 1: Right, because there's and the reason they're not going to 538 00:28:37,760 --> 00:28:40,800 Speaker 1: be flowing any longer is because the positive pole and 539 00:28:40,840 --> 00:28:43,960 Speaker 1: the negative pole from that circuit are no longer connected, 540 00:28:44,120 --> 00:28:47,280 Speaker 1: that's right. Another way to look at voltage is that 541 00:28:47,520 --> 00:28:51,800 Speaker 1: it is the difference between electrons on one side and 542 00:28:51,840 --> 00:28:54,800 Speaker 1: electrons on another side of a circuit. And remember we 543 00:28:54,840 --> 00:28:59,240 Speaker 1: talked about nature always wanting balance. Yeah, electrons flow from 544 00:28:59,600 --> 00:29:05,120 Speaker 1: negative to positive, right, that's right. And as they flow, 545 00:29:05,160 --> 00:29:07,520 Speaker 1: the reason they're flowing, the whole reason they're moving at 546 00:29:07,520 --> 00:29:10,720 Speaker 1: all is because there are not as many electrons on 547 00:29:10,760 --> 00:29:14,280 Speaker 1: the positive side as there are on the negative side. Yeah, 548 00:29:14,320 --> 00:29:16,160 Speaker 1: so they want to leave the negative side to go 549 00:29:16,360 --> 00:29:19,640 Speaker 1: achieve balance on the positive side and ultimately make whatever 550 00:29:19,760 --> 00:29:21,280 Speaker 1: circuit it's traveling neutral. 551 00:29:22,000 --> 00:29:22,240 Speaker 2: Yeah. 552 00:29:22,600 --> 00:29:26,000 Speaker 1: You stick something in that circuit and as those electrons 553 00:29:26,000 --> 00:29:29,040 Speaker 1: are moving from the negative side to the positive side, 554 00:29:29,120 --> 00:29:32,040 Speaker 1: because again, electricity is just the flow of electrons, yeah, 555 00:29:32,560 --> 00:29:37,959 Speaker 1: you can convert that movement into productive work. Yeah, mechanical energy, right, 556 00:29:38,000 --> 00:29:41,440 Speaker 1: And anything you attach onto a circuit to exploit that 557 00:29:41,520 --> 00:29:43,760 Speaker 1: flow of electrons for work is called the load. 558 00:29:44,680 --> 00:29:44,960 Speaker 2: Yeah. 559 00:29:45,000 --> 00:29:48,240 Speaker 3: It could be a light bulb or you know whatever. 560 00:29:48,320 --> 00:29:51,120 Speaker 3: Whatever mechanical energy you're trying to create is your load. 561 00:29:51,160 --> 00:29:53,080 Speaker 1: Right, And there's all sorts of things you can do 562 00:29:53,560 --> 00:29:56,880 Speaker 1: by attaching a load to a circuit. Like a light bulb. 563 00:29:57,960 --> 00:30:05,080 Speaker 1: A light bulb basically uses that electricity flow to flow 564 00:30:05,120 --> 00:30:10,600 Speaker 1: into a resistant filament, very thin wire that purposely resists 565 00:30:10,640 --> 00:30:13,920 Speaker 1: that flow of electricity, generating heat and in turn heating 566 00:30:14,000 --> 00:30:16,080 Speaker 1: up to produce light. That's how light bulb works. 567 00:30:16,600 --> 00:30:16,800 Speaker 2: Yeah. 568 00:30:16,960 --> 00:30:20,720 Speaker 1: You can also recharge batteries which go in and force 569 00:30:20,800 --> 00:30:24,880 Speaker 1: electrons back into the negative position so that the batteries 570 00:30:24,920 --> 00:30:27,640 Speaker 1: recharged and those electrons are ready to flow again once 571 00:30:27,680 --> 00:30:32,240 Speaker 1: you connect the circuit. There's also appliances that use resistors 572 00:30:32,240 --> 00:30:36,720 Speaker 1: to produce heat, like hair dryer or a toaster. There's 573 00:30:36,760 --> 00:30:39,960 Speaker 1: all sorts of stuff you can do to connect into 574 00:30:39,960 --> 00:30:42,120 Speaker 1: the circuit, but it's all the same whether it's a 575 00:30:42,120 --> 00:30:46,640 Speaker 1: battery or a toaster or a whole house. If you 576 00:30:46,680 --> 00:30:49,040 Speaker 1: want to look at it that way, it's you're plugging 577 00:30:49,040 --> 00:30:53,000 Speaker 1: a load onto an electrical circuit and exploiting the flow 578 00:30:53,040 --> 00:30:53,719 Speaker 1: of electrons. 579 00:30:54,120 --> 00:30:55,840 Speaker 3: Yeah, and I kind of misspoke a minute ago when 580 00:30:55,880 --> 00:30:58,160 Speaker 3: I said it's creating the mechanical energy. 581 00:30:58,200 --> 00:30:59,880 Speaker 2: You need a motor to actually do that. 582 00:31:00,120 --> 00:31:03,320 Speaker 3: So, yeah, if you have an electric drill, that's great 583 00:31:03,360 --> 00:31:05,320 Speaker 3: that you have electrons flowing, but it's not going to 584 00:31:05,400 --> 00:31:08,800 Speaker 3: turn anything unless you have that motor, and electric motor 585 00:31:08,880 --> 00:31:12,920 Speaker 3: is basically just a cylinder stuffed with magnets around the edge. 586 00:31:13,480 --> 00:31:15,720 Speaker 3: And if you've ever used an electric drill and you 587 00:31:15,760 --> 00:31:17,520 Speaker 3: fire it up, when you look and see in the vents, 588 00:31:17,560 --> 00:31:18,920 Speaker 3: you can actually see sparks. 589 00:31:18,920 --> 00:31:19,600 Speaker 1: It's pretty cool. 590 00:31:19,640 --> 00:31:20,160 Speaker 2: It's very cool. 591 00:31:20,200 --> 00:31:21,800 Speaker 1: It's like those little guns you used to get at 592 00:31:21,840 --> 00:31:23,240 Speaker 1: the circus when you're. 593 00:31:22,920 --> 00:31:24,200 Speaker 2: Yeah, god, I love those. 594 00:31:25,280 --> 00:31:27,320 Speaker 3: So it's packed with those magnets around the edge, and 595 00:31:27,360 --> 00:31:30,000 Speaker 3: in the middle, you've got your core, which is, you know, 596 00:31:30,040 --> 00:31:35,600 Speaker 3: like an iron wire and it's wrapped around you know, 597 00:31:35,880 --> 00:31:40,240 Speaker 3: the coppers wrapped around the edges. So electricity flows to 598 00:31:40,360 --> 00:31:44,480 Speaker 3: that core, creates magnetism, and then that pushes against the 599 00:31:44,520 --> 00:31:47,520 Speaker 3: outer cylinder and makes that motor spin around, and then 600 00:31:47,560 --> 00:31:49,440 Speaker 3: that's where you get your mechanical energy. 601 00:31:49,320 --> 00:31:53,800 Speaker 1: Right, And an electric motor is probably the best example 602 00:31:53,840 --> 00:31:58,680 Speaker 1: of how you're converting energy from one form to another, yeah, 603 00:31:58,680 --> 00:32:02,080 Speaker 1: and then reconverting it because an electric motor is basically 604 00:32:02,200 --> 00:32:05,800 Speaker 1: a generator in reverse. And so you use that mechanical 605 00:32:05,920 --> 00:32:08,560 Speaker 1: energy the spinning of the turbine down the line and 606 00:32:08,640 --> 00:32:12,360 Speaker 1: convert it in your electric drill back into mechanical energy 607 00:32:12,400 --> 00:32:15,720 Speaker 1: to spin the drill and in between, is that flow 608 00:32:15,720 --> 00:32:19,120 Speaker 1: of electrons that's causing the whole thing, or that's carrying 609 00:32:19,120 --> 00:32:35,440 Speaker 1: that energy from point A to point B. There's one 610 00:32:35,440 --> 00:32:38,440 Speaker 1: other thing if you look at a plug that you're 611 00:32:38,440 --> 00:32:41,440 Speaker 1: plugging an appliance into, because again you're just attaching a 612 00:32:41,520 --> 00:32:44,960 Speaker 1: load to that flow of electrons and diverting it through 613 00:32:45,000 --> 00:32:48,040 Speaker 1: your appliance and then it goes back on its merry way. Right. 614 00:32:49,160 --> 00:32:52,320 Speaker 1: If you look at a plug, sometimes you'll see three prongs, 615 00:32:53,040 --> 00:32:55,560 Speaker 1: and the third prong, the one on the bottom, seems 616 00:32:55,560 --> 00:32:58,520 Speaker 1: different from the other ones, that's round, and that is 617 00:32:58,520 --> 00:32:59,840 Speaker 1: actually a grounding wire. 618 00:33:00,400 --> 00:33:01,680 Speaker 2: Very important, very. 619 00:33:01,680 --> 00:33:07,040 Speaker 1: Very important, because as awesome as we've gotten with producing 620 00:33:07,160 --> 00:33:11,280 Speaker 1: and directing electricity, we can't control the amount of electrons 621 00:33:11,280 --> 00:33:14,200 Speaker 1: that flow through an outlet to down to a single electron, 622 00:33:15,040 --> 00:33:18,800 Speaker 1: and so there's such a thing as leakage of electrons, 623 00:33:18,840 --> 00:33:22,760 Speaker 1: which is crazy. And there's also electrical build up that 624 00:33:22,800 --> 00:33:25,720 Speaker 1: can happen where if you're not using all of the 625 00:33:25,920 --> 00:33:31,080 Speaker 1: amps through an appliance, the residual amps can build up 626 00:33:31,440 --> 00:33:36,800 Speaker 1: and they charge the appliance. And again, as with static electricity, 627 00:33:37,440 --> 00:33:40,440 Speaker 1: a charge is just sitting there waiting to be neutralized, 628 00:33:41,160 --> 00:33:44,640 Speaker 1: sometimes through you, which can make it very dangerous. To 629 00:33:44,680 --> 00:33:48,840 Speaker 1: prevent this, they have they connect the appliance through either 630 00:33:48,880 --> 00:33:50,960 Speaker 1: that third prong and a plug or through an actual 631 00:33:51,000 --> 00:33:55,760 Speaker 1: grounding wire to a copper wire that's driven into the ground. 632 00:33:56,800 --> 00:34:02,080 Speaker 1: And that's where the word comes from ground actually transferring 633 00:34:02,440 --> 00:34:07,600 Speaker 1: that residual electric energy to the ground, which is basically 634 00:34:07,640 --> 00:34:12,760 Speaker 1: an infinite reservoir for a charge dispersal to earth. Yeah. 635 00:34:12,800 --> 00:34:14,719 Speaker 3: So like when you look at a power line and 636 00:34:14,760 --> 00:34:18,120 Speaker 3: you see that bare wire coming down from the power 637 00:34:18,160 --> 00:34:21,880 Speaker 3: line and driven into the ground by a stake that 638 00:34:22,000 --> 00:34:24,000 Speaker 3: is the ground, and it goes down like six or 639 00:34:24,040 --> 00:34:24,479 Speaker 3: ten feet. 640 00:34:24,719 --> 00:34:25,000 Speaker 2: Yeah. 641 00:34:25,160 --> 00:34:26,920 Speaker 3: Or if you look at every house, you're going to 642 00:34:26,960 --> 00:34:31,160 Speaker 3: see near the meter, the electrical meter, you're going to. 643 00:34:31,080 --> 00:34:33,799 Speaker 2: See a probably a copper rod driven into the ground, 644 00:34:33,840 --> 00:34:35,040 Speaker 2: and that's your house is ground. 645 00:34:35,080 --> 00:34:38,960 Speaker 1: Exactly same thing with a lightning rod. It's a ground 646 00:34:39,000 --> 00:34:41,480 Speaker 1: for your entire house, so that the lightning doesn't go 647 00:34:41,520 --> 00:34:43,640 Speaker 1: through your house, it goes through the lightning rod. And 648 00:34:43,680 --> 00:34:46,600 Speaker 1: the point of all of those is that the earth 649 00:34:46,840 --> 00:34:49,359 Speaker 1: is it can take it. Go ahead, give it as 650 00:34:49,360 --> 00:34:51,560 Speaker 1: many electrical shocks as you want. It's gonna be fine, 651 00:34:51,640 --> 00:34:53,880 Speaker 1: so we think, and it's a very good it's very 652 00:34:53,920 --> 00:34:57,160 Speaker 1: good at just dispersing those charges. So that's what grounding 653 00:34:57,200 --> 00:34:59,000 Speaker 1: comes from. Very important stuff. 654 00:34:59,440 --> 00:35:06,560 Speaker 3: Yeah, we mentioned transformers earlier. Power plants create massive amounts 655 00:35:06,560 --> 00:35:10,279 Speaker 3: of electricity and you can't just shoot that down a 656 00:35:10,280 --> 00:35:14,200 Speaker 3: power line and straight into a house because it will 657 00:35:14,200 --> 00:35:18,279 Speaker 3: blow up everything in your in your home immediately. But 658 00:35:18,400 --> 00:35:20,880 Speaker 3: they do need that kind of juice in order to 659 00:35:20,920 --> 00:35:24,279 Speaker 3: transfer like hundreds of miles away from the power plant. 660 00:35:24,320 --> 00:35:25,719 Speaker 3: You know, if you don't live close, it's still got 661 00:35:25,760 --> 00:35:27,719 Speaker 3: to get to you. So the way they do that 662 00:35:27,800 --> 00:35:31,480 Speaker 3: is through transformers. They transmit the power with a lot 663 00:35:31,480 --> 00:35:35,720 Speaker 3: of voltage, so more force, less amperage. 664 00:35:35,719 --> 00:35:38,560 Speaker 1: Less resistance, less resistance, which means you lose less. 665 00:35:38,719 --> 00:35:40,640 Speaker 3: And then once it you know, they stop it down 666 00:35:40,640 --> 00:35:41,960 Speaker 3: along the way and by the time it gets to 667 00:35:41,960 --> 00:35:45,359 Speaker 3: your home, it's transformed down to here in the United 668 00:35:45,400 --> 00:35:47,080 Speaker 3: States one hundred and twenty volts. 669 00:35:47,640 --> 00:35:52,040 Speaker 1: More elsewhere, nice and safe, right, And then you just 670 00:35:52,080 --> 00:35:53,960 Speaker 1: plug your appliance into it and all of a sudden 671 00:35:54,040 --> 00:36:01,680 Speaker 1: that electrical energy transmits to your toast strude old being warmed. 672 00:36:01,600 --> 00:36:04,200 Speaker 2: In your hot pocket with tainted meats. 673 00:36:04,360 --> 00:36:07,239 Speaker 1: Wow, did you hear about that? Yeah? Remember that whole 674 00:36:07,239 --> 00:36:09,600 Speaker 1: horse meat thing with Ikea the last couple of years. 675 00:36:09,640 --> 00:36:13,040 Speaker 1: It wasn't just Ikea, but yeah, they were definitely called out, 676 00:36:13,200 --> 00:36:14,440 Speaker 1: maybe most strongly for. 677 00:36:14,560 --> 00:36:15,560 Speaker 2: I think the hot pockets too. 678 00:36:15,560 --> 00:36:18,040 Speaker 3: They called it unsound meat, which is just a word 679 00:36:18,160 --> 00:36:19,320 Speaker 3: that sounds weird. 680 00:36:19,080 --> 00:36:19,719 Speaker 2: In front of meat. 681 00:36:19,840 --> 00:36:23,480 Speaker 1: Yeah, unsound is not you don't want to go near it, unsound, unclean. 682 00:36:24,160 --> 00:36:25,520 Speaker 1: It's biblical, all right. 683 00:36:25,560 --> 00:36:27,360 Speaker 3: So now I think we, even though we've covered it 684 00:36:27,400 --> 00:36:29,560 Speaker 3: in the Tesla podcast, we do need to go over 685 00:36:29,640 --> 00:36:30,800 Speaker 3: ac DC a little. 686 00:36:30,560 --> 00:36:33,200 Speaker 1: Bit to go listen to that podcast. That's a great one, 687 00:36:33,280 --> 00:36:36,440 Speaker 1: best episode, best Australian band of all time. Are they 688 00:36:36,440 --> 00:36:36,839 Speaker 1: were good? 689 00:36:37,239 --> 00:36:38,600 Speaker 2: Yeah? Yeah, are good? 690 00:36:38,880 --> 00:36:42,080 Speaker 1: David? Are they still around? Yeah? Man, David Bowie played 691 00:36:42,320 --> 00:36:43,280 Speaker 1: pretty mean Tesla. 692 00:36:44,400 --> 00:36:46,120 Speaker 2: No, I'm not talking about test him home at ac DC. 693 00:36:47,160 --> 00:36:49,600 Speaker 1: Oh okay, uh yeah, Tesla's all. 694 00:36:49,600 --> 00:36:50,960 Speaker 2: Right, sure, and they're not around. 695 00:36:51,560 --> 00:36:54,000 Speaker 1: That's why I was really confused. So I was more 696 00:36:54,040 --> 00:36:57,120 Speaker 1: confused about that than I was by any aspect of electricity. 697 00:36:58,400 --> 00:37:01,960 Speaker 2: I'm like, yeah, man, of course they're around anyone Australian. 698 00:37:02,880 --> 00:37:05,600 Speaker 1: Uh yeah, No, ac DC is great and they're still around. 699 00:37:05,680 --> 00:37:07,479 Speaker 3: Huh yeah they're I think they're putting an album together 700 00:37:07,560 --> 00:37:08,400 Speaker 3: right now, give them form them. 701 00:37:08,400 --> 00:37:11,000 Speaker 1: I'll bet it sounds exactly like all the rest. It's 702 00:37:11,000 --> 00:37:16,040 Speaker 1: still rocks blues based rock uh in valure or velvet. 703 00:37:16,440 --> 00:37:16,760 Speaker 2: Yes. 704 00:37:17,239 --> 00:37:20,480 Speaker 3: So there was a battle being waged between Tesla and Edison, 705 00:37:20,600 --> 00:37:24,680 Speaker 3: and Tesla was all about the ac current alternating current. Edison, 706 00:37:24,760 --> 00:37:27,280 Speaker 3: as we know, said no, no, no, that's far too dangerous, 707 00:37:27,480 --> 00:37:30,839 Speaker 3: and I'll prove this to you by electrocuting animals and 708 00:37:31,000 --> 00:37:33,640 Speaker 3: dogs and cats and even an elephant named Topsy. 709 00:37:34,400 --> 00:37:38,240 Speaker 1: And he was alleged to have helped botch the first 710 00:37:38,560 --> 00:37:42,319 Speaker 1: electric cution by electric chair by a state. Oh yeah, 711 00:37:42,400 --> 00:37:44,480 Speaker 1: I don't remember the details of that, but it's definitely 712 00:37:44,480 --> 00:37:46,120 Speaker 1: in our episode. 713 00:37:45,640 --> 00:37:47,279 Speaker 2: On Exploded the guy. 714 00:37:47,400 --> 00:37:48,880 Speaker 1: Yeah, he was a real jerk. 715 00:37:48,680 --> 00:37:53,359 Speaker 2: Remember, Yeah, and I think we remember. I remember talking 716 00:37:53,360 --> 00:37:55,920 Speaker 2: about there should be a movie too about that that battle. 717 00:37:56,600 --> 00:37:57,600 Speaker 1: Yeah, I can't believe there's not. 718 00:37:57,760 --> 00:38:00,000 Speaker 2: It sounds super nerdy, but it would actually be interesting. 719 00:38:00,120 --> 00:38:01,760 Speaker 1: It go over well these days, agreed. 720 00:38:02,480 --> 00:38:06,680 Speaker 3: So batteries these days use direct current power DC power, 721 00:38:07,080 --> 00:38:10,480 Speaker 3: and that means the positive and negative terminals are always 722 00:38:11,400 --> 00:38:14,640 Speaker 3: positive and negative, and it always electricity always flows in 723 00:38:14,680 --> 00:38:15,120 Speaker 3: the same. 724 00:38:14,960 --> 00:38:17,280 Speaker 1: Direction from negative to positive. 725 00:38:17,360 --> 00:38:19,000 Speaker 2: Yeah, it does not alternate. 726 00:38:19,520 --> 00:38:25,600 Speaker 1: Yeah, just think about it. This way negative and electrons negative. Yeah, 727 00:38:25,640 --> 00:38:28,440 Speaker 1: so in any terminal, that's where all the negative charges 728 00:38:28,640 --> 00:38:31,759 Speaker 1: bad vibes, and then positive is where the electrons want 729 00:38:31,800 --> 00:38:33,719 Speaker 1: to be because they're seeking to balance it out and 730 00:38:33,760 --> 00:38:37,879 Speaker 1: create neutral so that there's no poll good vibes, yeah, 731 00:38:38,040 --> 00:38:41,160 Speaker 1: or the very least so so vibes, yeah, true, but 732 00:38:41,239 --> 00:38:42,280 Speaker 1: not negative vibes. 733 00:38:42,480 --> 00:38:42,640 Speaker 2: No. 734 00:38:43,680 --> 00:38:46,680 Speaker 3: And then you have alternating current or AC, which means 735 00:38:46,760 --> 00:38:50,640 Speaker 3: the current reverses sixty times per second here in the US, 736 00:38:51,239 --> 00:38:55,200 Speaker 3: fifty times per second in Europe. So it's just reversing 737 00:38:55,239 --> 00:39:00,640 Speaker 3: back and forth, alternating that current. And I guess, so 738 00:39:00,680 --> 00:39:05,799 Speaker 3: who went out in the end Tesla on a large scale. 739 00:39:06,040 --> 00:39:08,600 Speaker 1: Well, yeah, I mean that's what our generation does. 740 00:39:08,680 --> 00:39:10,719 Speaker 2: Yeh. Edison has his batteries. I guess he could throw 741 00:39:10,760 --> 00:39:10,920 Speaker 2: it to. 742 00:39:11,080 --> 00:39:14,319 Speaker 1: Which are pretty important too. But yeah, I think we 743 00:39:14,400 --> 00:39:16,680 Speaker 1: kind of came out in the same way on that episode. Yeah, 744 00:39:16,920 --> 00:39:19,239 Speaker 1: like this one, they both kind of won. Yeah, but 745 00:39:19,360 --> 00:39:22,680 Speaker 1: Tesla was the cooler dude. Although Tesla died penniless in 746 00:39:23,000 --> 00:39:26,960 Speaker 1: New York in the nineteen forties. Oh yeah, and Edison 747 00:39:27,000 --> 00:39:28,399 Speaker 1: died of rich fat guy. 748 00:39:29,719 --> 00:39:31,240 Speaker 2: He died of consumption and gout. 749 00:39:31,960 --> 00:39:34,680 Speaker 3: That has Ben Franklin I guess we can finish with. 750 00:39:36,760 --> 00:39:39,120 Speaker 3: If you get your power bill and you're amazed and 751 00:39:39,239 --> 00:39:41,960 Speaker 3: you wonder how they calculate this stuff, it's pretty easy. 752 00:39:42,600 --> 00:39:45,799 Speaker 3: Like we said here in the US, we deliver electricity 753 00:39:45,800 --> 00:39:48,560 Speaker 3: into your home at one hundred and twenty volts, So 754 00:39:48,640 --> 00:39:49,879 Speaker 3: you got to remember that one too. 755 00:39:49,960 --> 00:39:50,640 Speaker 2: It's important. 756 00:39:51,760 --> 00:39:54,000 Speaker 3: Our article uses a space heater as an example, which 757 00:39:54,040 --> 00:39:56,520 Speaker 3: I think is pretty good. You plug in that space heater, 758 00:39:56,600 --> 00:39:58,440 Speaker 3: let's say it's the only thing going in your house, 759 00:39:58,680 --> 00:40:01,640 Speaker 3: which is not realistic, but go with me. You plug 760 00:40:01,640 --> 00:40:06,560 Speaker 3: in the space heater and it comes out to ten amps. 761 00:40:06,920 --> 00:40:09,759 Speaker 3: So you multiply that ten times one hundred and twenty 762 00:40:09,800 --> 00:40:13,680 Speaker 3: because that's your voltage, and you have got twelve hundred 763 00:40:13,719 --> 00:40:15,160 Speaker 3: watts of heat. 764 00:40:15,080 --> 00:40:16,840 Speaker 1: Or one point two kill a watts. 765 00:40:17,280 --> 00:40:19,640 Speaker 3: Yes, because that's how the power company is going to 766 00:40:19,680 --> 00:40:22,480 Speaker 3: measure it, right, because they deal in big chunks. 767 00:40:22,680 --> 00:40:24,799 Speaker 1: And if you leave that heater on for an hour, 768 00:40:24,920 --> 00:40:27,240 Speaker 1: you've just used one point two kill a wat hours, 769 00:40:27,239 --> 00:40:28,240 Speaker 1: which is how you're build. 770 00:40:28,760 --> 00:40:30,920 Speaker 3: Yeah, and if they charge you a dime per kill 771 00:40:30,920 --> 00:40:32,560 Speaker 3: a what hour? It's going to cost you twelve cents 772 00:40:32,600 --> 00:40:33,919 Speaker 3: an hour to run that space heater? 773 00:40:34,080 --> 00:40:34,319 Speaker 1: Right? 774 00:40:34,480 --> 00:40:36,120 Speaker 2: Pretty simple? Yeap and neat. 775 00:40:36,120 --> 00:40:38,640 Speaker 3: And that's why when you go to buy an appliance 776 00:40:38,680 --> 00:40:40,879 Speaker 3: you should look at that little tag that says how 777 00:40:40,880 --> 00:40:42,560 Speaker 3: many KILLO what hours you're going to be burning? 778 00:40:42,640 --> 00:40:46,600 Speaker 1: That's right, the lower the better, So electricity. Huh You 779 00:40:46,600 --> 00:40:47,359 Speaker 1: got anything else? 780 00:40:48,239 --> 00:40:49,600 Speaker 2: No, don't play around with it? 781 00:40:49,800 --> 00:40:54,040 Speaker 1: No, don't. Uh. Yes, I always wear rubber sold. 782 00:40:53,840 --> 00:40:56,360 Speaker 2: Huice because rubber is an insulator. 783 00:40:56,440 --> 00:40:59,920 Speaker 1: It is why because it hangs on to its electron. 784 00:41:00,280 --> 00:41:02,480 Speaker 1: That's right, the atoms that make up rubber. 785 00:41:02,520 --> 00:41:03,400 Speaker 2: It's just that simple. 786 00:41:04,160 --> 00:41:06,200 Speaker 1: If you want to know more about electricity, you can 787 00:41:06,200 --> 00:41:08,520 Speaker 1: type that word in the search bart HowStuffWorks dot com. 788 00:41:08,560 --> 00:41:10,480 Speaker 1: You can also go on all sorts of kids science 789 00:41:10,480 --> 00:41:13,279 Speaker 1: sites and find out more about it too. And since 790 00:41:13,280 --> 00:41:15,239 Speaker 1: I said search bar, it's time for listener mail. 791 00:41:17,520 --> 00:41:22,080 Speaker 2: I'm gonna call this rare birthday shout out. 792 00:41:23,000 --> 00:41:24,879 Speaker 3: Hey, guys, my name is Pearl, and I just want 793 00:41:24,960 --> 00:41:26,480 Speaker 3: to tell you how much a fan I am of 794 00:41:26,520 --> 00:41:29,880 Speaker 3: your show. I was introduced to the podcast by my 795 00:41:29,920 --> 00:41:32,560 Speaker 3: best friend Molly. We've been best friends for twelve years, 796 00:41:33,120 --> 00:41:37,279 Speaker 3: and many of our conversations begin by commenting on the podcast. 797 00:41:37,719 --> 00:41:40,000 Speaker 3: For example, we could not stop laughing at your nineteen 798 00:41:40,080 --> 00:41:43,320 Speaker 3: twenties voice toward the end of the Underground Tunnels episode, 799 00:41:43,320 --> 00:41:44,560 Speaker 3: we laughed over and over. 800 00:41:45,040 --> 00:41:46,080 Speaker 1: That is a good voice. 801 00:41:46,280 --> 00:41:49,600 Speaker 2: I think she's talking about this one. See that one. Yeah, Electricity, 802 00:41:49,680 --> 00:41:54,000 Speaker 2: Tesla Edison killing animals. All right, that was for you, 803 00:41:54,160 --> 00:41:56,120 Speaker 2: Molly and Pearl. 804 00:41:56,680 --> 00:41:58,560 Speaker 3: Whenever we're in the car together, we find a podcast 805 00:41:58,560 --> 00:42:00,400 Speaker 3: of yours to listen to so we can enjoy it together. 806 00:42:00,760 --> 00:42:03,320 Speaker 3: I was wondering if you could help her out. Molly's 807 00:42:03,320 --> 00:42:06,000 Speaker 3: twenty sixth birthday is April ninth. I think it would 808 00:42:06,000 --> 00:42:08,279 Speaker 3: be totally awesome birthday gift if you would send her 809 00:42:08,280 --> 00:42:10,720 Speaker 3: a shout out during listener mail, I would be forever 810 00:42:10,760 --> 00:42:11,360 Speaker 3: in your debt. 811 00:42:12,040 --> 00:42:13,120 Speaker 2: Thanks for doing the podcast. 812 00:42:13,120 --> 00:42:15,880 Speaker 3: I'm a middle school teacher who always listens during my 813 00:42:15,920 --> 00:42:19,200 Speaker 3: prep periods and so happy birthday Molly. 814 00:42:19,600 --> 00:42:21,440 Speaker 2: Happy twenty six This should be close. 815 00:42:21,520 --> 00:42:24,120 Speaker 1: Yeah, happy birthday to April ninth. That was very nice 816 00:42:24,160 --> 00:42:24,960 Speaker 1: of us, Chuck. 817 00:42:24,800 --> 00:42:28,719 Speaker 3: And thank you Pearl Web in Chicago, and your friendship 818 00:42:28,760 --> 00:42:29,680 Speaker 3: means a lot to us. 819 00:42:30,600 --> 00:42:33,160 Speaker 1: You know, your friendship with one another. 820 00:42:33,440 --> 00:42:36,680 Speaker 2: Yeah, and then conversely threw us all together in their car. 821 00:42:36,920 --> 00:42:40,200 Speaker 1: Nice. Yeah, Well, if you want to get some sort 822 00:42:40,200 --> 00:42:44,200 Speaker 1: of shout out sometimes Chuck Danes too, He's very nice. 823 00:42:44,400 --> 00:42:47,040 Speaker 1: You can send us an email to stuff Podcasts at 824 00:42:47,040 --> 00:42:53,080 Speaker 1: iHeartRadio dot com. Stuff you Should Know is a production 825 00:42:53,160 --> 00:42:54,000 Speaker 1: of iHeartRadio. 826 00:42:54,480 --> 00:42:57,680 Speaker 2: For more podcasts my heart Radio, visit the iHeartRadio app, 827 00:42:57,880 --> 00:43:00,760 Speaker 2: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.