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Speaker 1: From UFOs to psychic powers and government conspiracies. History is

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Speaker 1: riddled with unexplained events. You can turn back now or

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Speaker 1: learn this stuff they don't want you to know. A

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Speaker 1: production of iHeartRadio.

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Speaker 2: Hello, welcome back to the show. My name is Matt.

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Speaker 2: Our colleague Noel is on a big adventure, but will

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Speaker 2: be returning shortly.

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Speaker 3: They called me Ben. We're joined as always with our

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Speaker 3: super producer, Dylan the Tennessee pal Fagan. Most importantly, you

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Speaker 3: are you. You are here. That makes this the stuff

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Speaker 3: they don't want you to know. Let's get physical physical

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Speaker 3: Remember that song I do?

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Speaker 2: Unfortunately I remember this song.

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Speaker 3: Yes, it's not exactly you know, Politzer or Nobel Prize material.

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Speaker 3: But Matt, this evening, you and Dylan and I are

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Speaker 3: getting into physical ideas in a literal and oddly enough

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Speaker 3: abstract sense. This is going to be a kind of

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Speaker 3: loose exploration and conversation with us and with our fellow listeners,

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Speaker 3: because we're going to the very first science, a subject

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Speaker 3: that has thoroughly baffled humanity since antiquity, the study of

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Speaker 3: what we call physics. Did did you take many physics

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Speaker 3: classes in your school days?

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Speaker 2: It took me a couple physics. Yeah, I did that

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Speaker 2: mostly in the college sphere, but you know a little

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Speaker 2: bit in high school. Physics are very interesting because it's

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Speaker 2: really one of the most basic sciences, yet it seems

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Speaker 2: to or it feels as though, at least from my perspective,

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Speaker 2: to be one of the most difficult to fully grasp.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, agreed. Right, we're coming to you as a collection

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Speaker 3: of nerds from the alma matter how stuff works.

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Speaker 2: So in Georgia State University just stayed.

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Speaker 3: And Georgia Tech and all the hits, Georgia.

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Speaker 2: Tech's a little different. That's probably a little better in

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Speaker 2: a physics course. No offense Georgia State.

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Speaker 3: Oh man, I don't know the professors at Georgia Tech.

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Speaker 3: You know this, and we know some of those professors.

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Speaker 3: They pride themselves on being pretty brutal, especially for those

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Speaker 3: poor first year students in STEM. They are you know,

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Speaker 3: I didn't go there for STEM. I went there for

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Speaker 3: International Affairs, but they they pride themselves on like failing

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Speaker 3: a certain number of students per course.

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Speaker 2: Oh yeah, I have several friends who were so excited

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Speaker 2: to be at Georgia Tech. They're like, oh man, we

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Speaker 2: made it, got those good grades. Got into Georgia Tech.

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Speaker 2: Holy crap this first year.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, it's sad like the second year students in engineering,

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Speaker 3: mathematics and physics. They look like they've been in a war.

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Speaker 3: They've got that seven league stare, you know, the haunted

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Speaker 3: sunken eyes and yeah, anyway, shout out to Walkee Mount Pizza.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, well, strap in everybody, because you've got over in

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Speaker 2: this corner. A fine arts degree in video and film

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Speaker 2: production slash journalism and in international affairs student and oh

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Speaker 2: even Tennessee Palell. He says physics classes were the bulk

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Speaker 2: of his fine arts degree.

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Speaker 3: Yes, good to know. We are we are as always

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Speaker 3: unlike the nature of reality. We seek to be transparent

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Speaker 3: and understandable, like the snark there. So we're going to

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Speaker 3: go in several directions in tonight's exploration at varying velocities.

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Speaker 3: We by no means as you can tell, folks are

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Speaker 3: physics professors. But even you know, Matt, even from a

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Speaker 3: lay perspective, it's astonishing to note just how much strange

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Speaker 3: stuff is come from this ancient discipline recently. So Tonight's

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Speaker 3: question that we were talking about at length off air

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Speaker 3: over the past few months could civilization be close to

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Speaker 3: breaking physics, as in, will new discoveries soon fundamentally rock

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Speaker 3: our understanding of this crucial science?

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Speaker 2: Yeah? What happens if the math doesn't work out for

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Speaker 2: some reason? We base everything and whether or not the

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Speaker 2: math works right with the equation? Okay, is that? Does

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Speaker 2: it function in that way? What if that part doesn't matter?

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Speaker 3: Right?

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Speaker 4: Right?

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Speaker 2: Right?

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Speaker 3: Why is there so much emphasis put on the observable

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Speaker 3: part of observable universe? And what happens when we start

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Speaker 3: observing things we simply could not observe previously? Here are

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Speaker 3: the facts all right? Well, as we always do, we

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Speaker 3: decided that it is important to understand what physics is

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Speaker 3: for all of our fellow non physics professors in the crowd.

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Speaker 3: We got to answer that question before we get into

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Speaker 3: the nerdy controversies and conspiracies surrounding physics today. I mean, look,

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Speaker 3: the basic story of physics is amazing, dude. How it

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Speaker 3: is a discipline today, a field of study, What it is?

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Speaker 3: How it came to be? I think we got really

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Speaker 3: close right there at the top, But let's just spell

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Speaker 3: it out for everybody. What is physics?

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Speaker 2: Okay? So you are a form of consciousness hearing this.

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Speaker 2: You're inside what we call a body, probably hopefully, and

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Speaker 2: that body interacts with stuff that's outside of the body

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Speaker 2: and everything that you can interact with, and everything your

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Speaker 2: body is, and all like, all the way up to

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Speaker 2: the largest things, all the way down to the tiniest components.

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Speaker 2: Physics is the study of how all of that stuff

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Speaker 2: works together to give you this experience that we call consciousness.

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Speaker 2: Is that a way to put it in?

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Speaker 3: I like that. I think you've got some poetry to

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Speaker 3: that one, Matt, because it's a We call it the

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Speaker 3: first science, and that is also quetic, but it is

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Speaker 3: not hyperbole. It's just what you described there, the structure

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Speaker 3: of matter, the interactions between the fundamental components of again

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Speaker 3: the observable universe. So as you were saying, everything from

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Speaker 3: the mighty macrocosmic movements of galaxies and the heavens to

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Speaker 3: the activity at the tiny, tiny, tiny sub microscopic levels

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Speaker 3: all the way down to quarks itself. For etymology, Fans

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Speaker 3: in the crowd comes from Latin physica, which just means

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Speaker 3: study of nature, simple enough. That comes from a Greek

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Speaker 3: word thusik natural science, and that comes from another Greek word,

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Speaker 3: theusis meaning origin, nature, property. In this sense, physics is

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Speaker 3: the grand attempt to learn how everything called reality works

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Speaker 3: and what can be observed from it. So, no, biggie,

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Speaker 3: you know, it's like, what are you doing this weekend?

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Speaker 3: Just figure out physics.

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Speaker 2: It really is the great work. I mean, there are

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Speaker 2: different versions of the great work, but the great work

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Speaker 2: is just figuring out what in the hell is going on?

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Speaker 2: What is this stuff that we're moving through? And within

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Speaker 2: physics you get studies of time, because ultimately that is

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Speaker 2: how does this stuff, all these components, how do they

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Speaker 2: work together from this moment to this moment to that

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Speaker 2: moment to you know, to two hundred million years ago

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Speaker 2: to a billion years from now.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, exactly. And what happens when linear time, one of

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Speaker 3: our foundational assumptions or axioms, no longer seems the whole true?

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Speaker 3: This gets nuts so quickly, all right. The goal of

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Speaker 3: physics has always been to create a streamlined, consistent collection

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Speaker 3: of just a few principles that apply to everything, explain

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Speaker 3: all the apparent contradictions between different interactions and processes, and

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Speaker 3: also to explain how those things work together to create

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Speaker 3: this culmination of mechanics right that we call the universe

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Speaker 3: and indeed consciousness. And to get a little ridiculous historian

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Speaker 3: about this, Yeah, it's the oldest, most fundamental branch of

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Speaker 3: modern science, and its origin story as a result of

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Speaker 3: being so important and so baffling, the origin story is

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Speaker 3: inspiring and super frustrating, mainly because civilization learns one thing

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Speaker 3: and says, Okay, we got it right, thermodynamics super solid. Good,

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Speaker 3: that great job, team, that's lunch. But the more new

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Speaker 3: stuff we seem to learn, the more challenges arise to

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Speaker 3: things that we thought were conclusively solved. I mean, you know,

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Speaker 3: this reminds me of our series on Weirdly enough astronomy

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Speaker 3: or astrology, I should say, and governmental figures, right, because

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Speaker 3: modern physics comes about because people started practicing astrology.

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Speaker 2: Oh yeah, well, and it pops up independently. I'm not

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Speaker 2: kidding when I'm not trying to be weird when I

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Speaker 2: say you are a point of consciousness, and everything we

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Speaker 2: observe from that point of consciousness is reality. I just

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Speaker 2: mean that's what every human being has experienced that is

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Speaker 2: born and then can see and can hear and is

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Speaker 2: just looking out and I'm looking around and you see

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Speaker 2: the stuff, right, and you can figure out that that's

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Speaker 2: a tree because somebody hopefully tells you it's a tree,

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Speaker 2: or you named it a tree, or in whatever language

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Speaker 2: you speak, right, But every one of those people also

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Speaker 2: was able to look up at those times, wherever they were,

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Speaker 2: whenever they were, and see the heavens and that thing,

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Speaker 2: that moment of being able to observe something that is

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Speaker 2: so far away or just all you can do is

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Speaker 2: see it. You can't ever touch it, you can't ever

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Speaker 2: smell it or use your other senses on it. You

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Speaker 2: can just see it and you know it's there. I

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Speaker 2: think all of humanity across the world, when they look up,

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Speaker 2: they go, what is that? Why is that? And what

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Speaker 2: does that mean? Right?

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Speaker 3: What does it all mean? Yeah, to quote Philharmonic, what's

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Speaker 3: it all mean? I used to say, and you remember this,

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Speaker 3: I used to often in more nihilistic days, just note

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Speaker 3: that everything, including humans, were simply objects in space. But

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Speaker 3: I think it's more appropriate to say, from the standpoint

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Speaker 3: of physics, it's more appropriate to say, everything and every

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Speaker 3: consciousness is a series of processes existing in space. Right.

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Speaker 3: You are kind of a song that you sing to yourself. Right.

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Speaker 3: That gets us to the other things like we said,

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Speaker 3: this is going to be loose. But that gets us

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Speaker 3: to the idea of duplicating consciousness through electronic means. Could

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Speaker 3: you simply emulate a pattern? If so, does that mean

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Speaker 3: you could zeros a soul? Or what passes for a soul?

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Speaker 3: These are deep questions, But these are also the kind

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Speaker 3: of deep questions, surprisingly, that physicists will deal with because

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Speaker 3: their roots come their roots arive from astrology, a natural philosophy.

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Speaker 3: You know, in those early evenings that you just described,

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Speaker 3: met science and spirituality were inseparable, and these were smart people.

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Speaker 3: Early scholars could say, predict eclipses, the passage of the seasons.

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Speaker 3: They would know about changes in the weather up there

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Speaker 3: with a lot of modern meteorologists. But the difference was

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Speaker 3: they were much more likely to assign divine or spiritual

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Speaker 3: agency to those observations. So now it's not it's not

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Speaker 3: necessarily a lunar eclipse or a solar eclipse because of

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Speaker 3: the passage of Earth in a heliocentric system. Instead, God

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Speaker 3: is angry, right, and God told you God was going

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Speaker 3: to be.

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Speaker 2: Angry later certainly, absolutely all right.

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Speaker 3: This whole spirituality science, it begins to change back in

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Speaker 3: the sixth century BCE, as we call it now. This

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Speaker 3: is where scientific thought emerges in ancient Greece, and this

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Speaker 3: is where we introduce our first hero of the story.

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Speaker 3: You can hear him coming, a guy named Tales of Militis,

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Speaker 3: who is often cited as the first physicist ever.

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Speaker 2: Oh yeah, this dude's awesome. This dude's super awesome. He

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Speaker 2: thought that water was the basis of all matter, but

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Speaker 2: I would argue he wasn't that far off. It just

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Speaker 2: would be the basis of all known life. Water is certainly, yeah,

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Speaker 2: the basis of all known life, but not matter. There's

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Speaker 2: other stuff going on.

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Speaker 3: Right, Yeah, and this guy, you know it is defense.

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Speaker 3: He had have a microscope, right, He didn't have a

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Speaker 3: particle accelerator or any of the cool new toys we

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Speaker 3: have in modern evenings. But he did spend a lot

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Speaker 3: of time in deep thought. And you could argue then,

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Speaker 3: with that ability, he had a distinct advantage over a

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Speaker 3: lot of modern society today, which does not really prize

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Speaker 3: deep thought. So he gets that part wrong, But I

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Speaker 3: agree with you, man, he was onto something. Another thing

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Speaker 3: he and his contemporaries did. This is their real sleeper hit.

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Speaker 3: They said, we're going to attempt to explain the world

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Speaker 3: around us without resorting to mythology or spirituality. Sure, Zeus

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Speaker 3: is the god who commands lightning, right, but what if

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Speaker 3: you know, what if we could explain it without Zeus?

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Speaker 3: Is he was gonna get mad? Or can we just

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Speaker 3: figure out what's going on? Well?

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Speaker 2: Yeah, even if it is still Zeus making the lightning,

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Speaker 2: how does Zeus's lightning work? What happens here physically? An

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Speaker 2: hour plane? When Zeus decides to throw some lightning, that's

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Speaker 2: pretty cool.

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Speaker 3: Right, because there has to be some process, right, there

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Speaker 3: has to be some sort of method to the madness.

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Speaker 3: In their pursuit to do this, they create a philosophical

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Speaker 3: basis for rational inquiry, and the roots of this are

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Speaker 3: still very much the formative basis of modern science today.

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Speaker 3: They called this natural philosophy, meaning let's think about natural

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Speaker 3: processes without leaning on gods and spirits as a crutch.

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Speaker 3: Now this sounds very obvious, of course, in a secular

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Speaker 3: modern world. But this was like a banger. This was

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Speaker 3: a banger dangerous idea when it happened. And then you

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Speaker 3: got folks like Pythagoras, a favorite of both of ours.

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Speaker 3: Pythagoras supertomath, and he said, look, everything you see or

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Speaker 3: encounter can be explained, discovered, understood via the beautiful art

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Speaker 3: and science of mathematics. And then you got folks like Democritis,

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Speaker 3: who speculated. He walked up. This is brilliant. This is

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Speaker 3: so weird. This guy thousands of years ago walked up

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Speaker 3: one day and said, you know what, I've been working

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Speaker 3: with one of my teachers, and we think all matter

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Speaker 3: is not necessarily made of water, no shade on a thalais.

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Speaker 3: But we think all matter is composed of tiny, tiny

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Speaker 3: little things. They're called atoms. They're the smallest thing. They're

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Speaker 3: so small you can't see them, you can't divide them.

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Speaker 3: He was wrong about that. History would show and people said, oh,

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Speaker 3: ty dude, do you have any evidence for this? And

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Speaker 3: he went, ah, I just I got a hunch, I

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Speaker 3: got a feeling, I got a spidy sense. And people said, okay, yeah,

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Speaker 3: that's interesting. We're going to put your ideas right here

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Speaker 3: on the fridge.

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Speaker 2: Uh yeah, it was no fridge.

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Speaker 3: There was no fridge. Two thousand years later, though, atomic

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Speaker 3: theory proves the the broad strokes of his philosophy to

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Speaker 3: be correct, and there there are plenty of missteps along

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Speaker 3: the way.

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Speaker 1: Uh.

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Speaker 3: A lot of the scientific shibbylists have informed Western thought

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Speaker 3: for centuries and centuries, like the you know, we've all

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Speaker 3: heard of this, the idea that, uh, the universe can

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Speaker 3: be described as four elements earth, air, fire, water. Later

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Speaker 3: someone says quintessence, right, is is a fifth state of matter,

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Speaker 3: and that is the uh that is the great bull

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Speaker 3: or sphere of the heavens. Uh.

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Speaker 2: That's cool. That's a cool thought. It's a really cool thought.

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Speaker 3: Uh.

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Speaker 2: The just the Adams thing. We're already breaking things down

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Speaker 2: as far as they can go, even though there's no microscopes,

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Speaker 2: as you said, humanity is attempting to go as deep

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Speaker 2: as we can, right, and we are also in this

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Speaker 2: time building pieces of glass that can see further and

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Speaker 2: further into space, therefore larger and larger things at the

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Speaker 2: same time.

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Speaker 3: So it is just.

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Speaker 2: Really it's cool to think that humanity is exploring the

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Speaker 2: concepts of above end below simultaneously, and those two different

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Speaker 2: disciplines or those two different pursuits are increasing on this

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Speaker 2: line that we can kind of follow. We can look

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Speaker 2: at this graph as like man's ability to break down

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Speaker 2: things and get deeper is not exactly simultaneously, but increasing

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Speaker 2: in the same way. That is, to see larger, deeper, older.

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Speaker 3: Things, absolutely expanding concurrently toward both ends of an observable spectrum,

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Speaker 3: and then getting to the edge of that spectrum and

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Speaker 3: asking what else is out there in that horizon or indeed,

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Speaker 3: that chasm.

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Speaker 2: And then the next piece of technology comes along and

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Speaker 2: you do get to go a little bit further right,

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Speaker 2: just a little bit, just a little.

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Speaker 3: And then you look back and you realize, oh, crap, yep,

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Speaker 3: the other stuff was wrong. So you know, we got

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Speaker 3: to shout out so many people. We're not going to

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Speaker 3: get to the mall, but let's shout out Aristotle. He's

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Speaker 3: kind of the Lebron or the Michael Jordan of physics

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Speaker 3: during his time. So this guy sits down, hey, looks

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Speaker 3: at everybody else's ideas. They're all the ones that he

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Speaker 3: can access, right, all the stuff he's read, and he's

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Speaker 3: very well read for his time, and he says, let

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Speaker 3: me bring all these things together. Let's make one sort

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Speaker 3: of posse mixtape theory about the way the universe and

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Speaker 3: reality works. He also is imperfect. He popularizes the cartoonishly

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Speaker 3: incorrect idea of a geocentric heavenly system, meaning Earth is

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Speaker 3: in the middle. But hey, even Michael Jordan didn't make

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Speaker 3: every li up. The thing is, people respected Aristotle so

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Speaker 3: so much that he got just enough right for both

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Speaker 3: his correct ideas and his incorrect ideas to dominate European

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Speaker 3: science and Islamic science for thousands of years after his death.

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Speaker 3: At that point, the modern world does owe a lot

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Speaker 3: of debt to the Islamic Golden Age, wherein Muslim scholars

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Speaker 3: preserved and elaborated on Greek thought, as Europe largely languished,

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Speaker 3: you know, and a lot of people have a problem

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Speaker 3: with describing that era as the Dark Ages. But Europe was,

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Speaker 3: you know, fallen. I was going to say falling off

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Speaker 3: the horse. I don't know if that's an idiom in English.

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Speaker 3: Europe has fallen behind, and some of this knowledge could

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Speaker 3: have been lost to antiquity had it not been for

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Speaker 3: the brilliant Muslim scholars of the Islamic Golden Age. And

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Speaker 3: now we see. Physics therefore becomes this intergenerational global historic epic.

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Speaker 3: It spans all races, all creeds, all cultures, all religions.

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Speaker 3: There are too many luminaries for Matt and I to

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Speaker 3: shout out here. I mean, just think of the scientific

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Speaker 3: revolution alone, right, But we could argue this is a

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Speaker 3: good thing, because it turns out it takes a lot

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Speaker 3: of people working together over time to understand what we

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Speaker 3: call the universe, or even to define the universe.

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Speaker 2: And with all of that, years and years pass, at

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Speaker 2: least as we experience them, and human beings are born

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Speaker 2: and die, and born and die, born and die, and

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Speaker 2: finally we arrive at the modern day, where there are

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Speaker 2: scientists across the globe attempting to search for things we

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Speaker 2: have yet to fully grasp, and even the things that

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Speaker 2: we think we grasp, there are scientists attempting to break

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Speaker 2: those systems and those thoughts so that we can move

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Speaker 2: forward in maybe a different way, because just like back then,

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Speaker 2: as we described in Europe, maybe our thinking is stuck

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Speaker 2: in some ways or you know, went back the wrong

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Speaker 2: way and we just haven't realized it yet. And that

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Speaker 2: is super freaking cool.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, Yeah, I think physics is best understood as a

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Speaker 3: conversation rather than a set of tablets and directives, almost

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Speaker 3: a philosophy stone. Yes, very much so. Yeah, especially when

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Speaker 3: you get to the edges, which we'll talk about. You

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Speaker 3: know any as any hapless undergrad student can assure you

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Speaker 3: and shout out, by the way to all the up

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Speaker 3: and coming college students who just got their acceptance letters,

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Speaker 3: congratulations and good luck. But if you are a hapless

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Speaker 3: undergrad student, then you know well that physics is deceptively

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Speaker 3: deep water. It starts out simple enough, right, Thermodynamics, I

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Speaker 3: get it, the creation, destruction, et cetera, transformation matter, I

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Speaker 3: get it. But then you turn to the next page,

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Speaker 3: and this quickly becomes so complicated and like you were saying,

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Speaker 3: if you go far enough into the outskirts of accepted thought,

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Speaker 3: if you go out there to the bleeding edge, the

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Speaker 3: ink of science that has yet to be determined, you'll

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Speaker 3: hit a conceptual landscape that feels a lot less like

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Speaker 3: stem and a lot more like philosophy or metaphysics. They'll

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Speaker 3: readily admit this the world's greatest physicist, especially with the

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Speaker 3: crazy questions they're essentially guessing. They're leveraging thousands of years

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Speaker 3: of knowledge beforehand, their own deep acumen, theoretical analysis and experiments.

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Speaker 3: But these guys literally make bets with each other about

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Speaker 3: a possibility or a theory, and it's almost never a

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Speaker 3: huge amount of money. It's like, I bet you a

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Speaker 3: dollar that this is the thing about black holes, and

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Speaker 3: the other guy says, all right, tally hope you know.

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Speaker 2: And then nobody gets paid ever, because when will we

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Speaker 2: find out about black holes? One day?

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Speaker 3: Maybe? Oh gosh, hopefully in time. So this is inspiring,

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Speaker 3: frustrating stuff. And here we are twenty twenty five. That's

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Speaker 3: just a brief look at the origin of physics. There

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Speaker 3: seems to be something new ever on the horizon, and

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Speaker 3: I think a big part of that is due to

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Speaker 3: technological breakthroughs that have made it possible to prove some

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Speaker 3: of these guesses, models or theories. The question is, could

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Speaker 3: these end up breaking the concept of traditional physics as

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Speaker 3: we know it?

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Speaker 2: Yes, yes, and we'll tell you about those in just

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Speaker 2: a moment.

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Speaker 3: Here's where it gets crazy, all right, So, as we know,

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Speaker 3: like actually yes, so bizarre, how bizarre? How bizarre? There

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Speaker 3: are different branches of study in physics. We all know

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Speaker 3: that classical physics is concerned with the stuff you see

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Speaker 3: every day. I pick up a I pick up a wallet,

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Speaker 3: I drop the wallet. Gravity, right, and you can always

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Speaker 3: encounter gravity on the planet in your day to day activities.

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Speaker 3: It's kind of a Goldilocks zone of phenomenon, right, So

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Speaker 3: we're dealing with speeds that are always much lower than

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Speaker 3: the speed of light. We're dealing with sizes to your point,

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Speaker 3: matt that are much larger than atoms, but there's still

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Speaker 3: like in astronomical terms, they're T T and T tiny,

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Speaker 3: and really human civilization is pretty good at understanding stuff

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Speaker 3: on this level. The problem is, as you alluded to,

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Speaker 3: once we get the very extreme ends of the spectrum,

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Speaker 3: the very very tidy stuff, the very very big stuff,

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Speaker 3: those rules are less sacro sanct They get fuzzy, they

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Speaker 3: start to erode.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, that's where you get, you know, miles and miles

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Speaker 2: of a tube that's filled with magnets, and then we

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Speaker 2: throw at single atoms around and accelerate them until they

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Speaker 2: get crazy fast, almost the speed of light, and then

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Speaker 2: smash them together and see what happens after. And then

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Speaker 2: you find new particles that you didn't know existing, or

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Speaker 2: sub atomic particles and stuff that goes even deeper than that.

401
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Speaker 2: That's uh, that's when you get the black hole stuff,

402
00:26:40,600 --> 00:26:43,720
Speaker 2: and you try and speculate on what does the black

403
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Speaker 2: hole actually look like and how does it actually function?

404
00:26:47,440 --> 00:26:49,760
Speaker 2: This thing that we kind of observe out there.

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Speaker 3: Right, Yeah, this is the rise of what we call

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Speaker 3: modern physics. And you have to wonder what history we'll

407
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Speaker 3: call modern physics in the future. It's just a trick term,

408
00:27:00,600 --> 00:27:04,080
Speaker 3: you know. It's like that irritating term in literature, postmodern.

409
00:27:05,119 --> 00:27:07,160
Speaker 3: The heck is postmodern anyway, So.

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00:27:07,240 --> 00:27:09,320
Speaker 2: Just quantum correct, But there we go.

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Speaker 3: I like that. I'm more into quantum literature. I've written

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Speaker 3: all the novels at once shut out Borges. But okay,

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Speaker 3: modern physics. Now we're talking high velocities, very tiny, tiny distances,

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Speaker 3: very large energies. This is where you find relativity, very

415
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Speaker 3: high energy, special relativity speeds kind of like the speed

416
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Speaker 3: of light, and of course the infamous quantum mechanics. That's

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Speaker 3: the thing, man. Despite the fact that many undergrad or

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Speaker 3: high school students may feel physics is a series of

419
00:27:48,480 --> 00:27:52,399
Speaker 3: commandments set in stone. As an overall concept, it is

420
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Speaker 3: riddled with unsolved problems and what appeared to be a

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00:27:56,400 --> 00:28:01,320
Speaker 3: lot of self contradictions. You know, some existing theories. No

422
00:28:01,480 --> 00:28:05,040
Speaker 3: existing theory can explain everything, right, we we can explain

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00:28:05,160 --> 00:28:09,120
Speaker 3: some observed phenomena, and we're like, okay, under this theory,

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Speaker 3: this works, This makes sense. And then someone else from

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Speaker 3: like across the hall in the lab goes, oh hey god,

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Speaker 3: uh Matt, Matt, you gotta dude, you gotta come see

427
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Speaker 3: these quarts, bro.

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Speaker 2: What that doesn't fit with my models?

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Speaker 3: We need we need new models. As they say in Vogue.

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Speaker 4: Uh.

431
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Speaker 3: In short, I don't know. It's weird. We know a

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Speaker 3: thing does happen, and we can prove it, but we're

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Speaker 3: not sure how it happens or why, and perhaps most importantly,

434
00:28:44,360 --> 00:28:46,920
Speaker 3: we don't know how to square it with other related

435
00:28:47,040 --> 00:28:50,520
Speaker 3: areas of inquiry. That's why you know, the Golden Goose,

436
00:28:50,600 --> 00:28:54,080
Speaker 3: the Holy Grail is the idea of a theory of everything.

437
00:28:54,800 --> 00:28:57,360
Speaker 2: Oh yeah, well, and we still have that pesky little

438
00:28:57,360 --> 00:29:02,880
Speaker 2: problem of we're unsure if observing something changes what happens.

439
00:29:03,440 --> 00:29:06,720
Speaker 2: We still don't know if that's certain or not. Does

440
00:29:06,760 --> 00:29:10,200
Speaker 2: it matter that we're observing it? Since we're observing it,

441
00:29:10,280 --> 00:29:11,840
Speaker 2: is it different than it would have been if we

442
00:29:11,840 --> 00:29:12,520
Speaker 2: weren't here.

443
00:29:12,840 --> 00:29:16,120
Speaker 3: Like the double slit experiment. Yeah, that's a famous example.

444
00:29:16,320 --> 00:29:19,000
Speaker 3: It's still a thing, oh very much so. Yeah, no

445
00:29:19,040 --> 00:29:22,600
Speaker 3: one's answered that one. It's the theory of everything? Is

446
00:29:22,640 --> 00:29:27,120
Speaker 3: this ancient game, right dating back to Aristotle. If we

447
00:29:27,160 --> 00:29:31,640
Speaker 3: could just have one set of rules, hopefully a brief

448
00:29:31,680 --> 00:29:35,720
Speaker 3: set of rules that explain how all of these seemingly

449
00:29:35,880 --> 00:29:39,640
Speaker 3: contradicting things work together, work in concert to form what

450
00:29:39,680 --> 00:29:44,120
Speaker 3: we observe is reality, then boom, We've won physics. Spoiler,

451
00:29:44,240 --> 00:29:50,160
Speaker 3: civilization has not won physics yet. I was remembering in

452
00:29:50,160 --> 00:29:54,640
Speaker 3: our research for this, I noticed an interesting pattern. Every

453
00:29:54,760 --> 00:29:59,840
Speaker 3: few decades or so across the span of human history,

454
00:30:00,720 --> 00:30:05,520
Speaker 3: someone comes forth, like a profit of old with their explanation,

455
00:30:05,680 --> 00:30:09,120
Speaker 3: their theory of everything. There was a surfer who proposed

456
00:30:09,120 --> 00:30:12,520
Speaker 3: an idea a few years ago. There have been various artists,

457
00:30:12,640 --> 00:30:16,400
Speaker 3: various scientists who have done the same, but none of

458
00:30:16,440 --> 00:30:20,400
Speaker 3: these ideas have been fully accepted by the scientific community

459
00:30:20,440 --> 00:30:27,920
Speaker 3: at large, because it is incredibly common for someone to

460
00:30:27,960 --> 00:30:32,280
Speaker 3: propose something like a reconciliation of existing theories, or a

461
00:30:32,320 --> 00:30:36,440
Speaker 3: grand theory of everything, a grand unified theory, and then

462
00:30:36,560 --> 00:30:38,960
Speaker 3: have some other guy come out, you know, from like

463
00:30:39,000 --> 00:30:42,360
Speaker 3: across the hallway in the lab or in the academy

464
00:30:42,440 --> 00:30:45,440
Speaker 3: or something, and say, yeah, but it doesn't explain this

465
00:30:45,560 --> 00:30:46,160
Speaker 3: part though.

466
00:30:46,880 --> 00:30:50,360
Speaker 2: Yeah, Well, imagine what would happen if somebody truly came

467
00:30:50,640 --> 00:30:53,239
Speaker 2: forth with a new theory of everything that was the

468
00:30:53,280 --> 00:30:56,440
Speaker 2: real one, the actual one, and got everything right. It

469
00:30:56,480 --> 00:30:59,600
Speaker 2: would disprove so many other things that we take for

470
00:30:59,680 --> 00:31:02,800
Speaker 2: granted right now as being true that it would be

471
00:31:02,880 --> 00:31:05,320
Speaker 2: really difficult for us to accept, and we might just

472
00:31:05,680 --> 00:31:09,080
Speaker 2: throw it out immediately and we say, no, that's hogwash.

473
00:31:09,120 --> 00:31:11,840
Speaker 2: But it was the right one, Like the tiny little

474
00:31:11,920 --> 00:31:13,880
Speaker 2: vibrating strings I'm still.

475
00:31:13,760 --> 00:31:17,280
Speaker 3: Bidding strings theory. Yeah, yeah, yeah, that's that's a pretty

476
00:31:17,280 --> 00:31:20,920
Speaker 3: interesting one too. Yeah. I think that's a great observation, man,

477
00:31:21,000 --> 00:31:25,000
Speaker 3: because now we see that it may be inconvenient to

478
00:31:25,160 --> 00:31:29,440
Speaker 3: accept a theory or a unified theory might require such

479
00:31:29,520 --> 00:31:35,360
Speaker 3: a vast, comprehensive overhaul of existing accepted thought that it

480
00:31:35,400 --> 00:31:38,840
Speaker 3: would feel like all the other work was for naught,

481
00:31:39,160 --> 00:31:41,320
Speaker 3: you know, which is something you have to be ready

482
00:31:41,320 --> 00:31:45,480
Speaker 3: for in science. Science is I can't remember if I

483
00:31:45,520 --> 00:31:47,840
Speaker 3: sent this to you. There was this great stand up

484
00:31:47,880 --> 00:31:51,680
Speaker 3: clip where this guy was saying, I hate when people

485
00:31:51,720 --> 00:31:54,840
Speaker 3: say they don't believe in science. You know what that

486
00:31:54,960 --> 00:32:01,240
Speaker 3: makes you? A scientist? Scientists are constantly skept and dissing

487
00:32:01,320 --> 00:32:02,880
Speaker 3: on accepted science.

488
00:32:03,160 --> 00:32:05,360
Speaker 2: Right, Well, that's the whole point.

489
00:32:05,720 --> 00:32:06,400
Speaker 3: That's the whole point.

490
00:32:06,720 --> 00:32:10,080
Speaker 2: Prove it to me. Oh yeah, tiny little vibrating strings

491
00:32:10,160 --> 00:32:10,560
Speaker 2: show me.

492
00:32:11,640 --> 00:32:15,880
Speaker 3: Yeah yeah. This is this a rounding error or is

493
00:32:15,920 --> 00:32:19,600
Speaker 3: this the most important discovery in human history? I mean,

494
00:32:19,680 --> 00:32:22,920
Speaker 3: as a result, we can say new discoveries aren't really

495
00:32:24,000 --> 00:32:27,520
Speaker 3: breaking the laws of physics, and law in physics means

496
00:32:27,560 --> 00:32:32,640
Speaker 3: something way different than law in regular human terms. Instead,

497
00:32:32,720 --> 00:32:35,280
Speaker 3: what we find is these discoveries, which I think we'll

498
00:32:35,320 --> 00:32:38,400
Speaker 3: go into in a moment, they could be more correctly

499
00:32:38,440 --> 00:32:42,880
Speaker 3: said to break our own incorrect earlier assumptions about the

500
00:32:42,920 --> 00:32:46,760
Speaker 3: quote unquote laws of reality, because physics, it's it's fallible,

501
00:32:46,800 --> 00:32:49,080
Speaker 3: The rules aren't absolutely Okay, I was thinking of it

502
00:32:49,120 --> 00:32:53,120
Speaker 3: this way. Okay, we're driving right, we're all all four

503
00:32:53,160 --> 00:32:55,480
Speaker 3: of us are in the car together, you listening along

504
00:32:55,520 --> 00:32:58,200
Speaker 3: at home, Thanks for going on road trip with us.

505
00:32:58,640 --> 00:33:02,560
Speaker 3: We see a stop sign. A stop sign is an

506
00:33:02,600 --> 00:33:06,440
Speaker 3: absolute You are driving it, you approach it, you stop.

507
00:33:06,760 --> 00:33:09,960
Speaker 3: That's the law. But I would argue in this analogy,

508
00:33:10,160 --> 00:33:13,040
Speaker 3: we can learn about physics because the laws of physics

509
00:33:13,480 --> 00:33:17,880
Speaker 3: are much more like a bunch of extremely intelligent people

510
00:33:17,960 --> 00:33:20,960
Speaker 3: saying okay, Like if the physicists are in the car,

511
00:33:21,000 --> 00:33:23,960
Speaker 3: they're saying, we believe there is a stop sign here.

512
00:33:24,600 --> 00:33:28,560
Speaker 3: Everything we know predicts it was probably there yesterday. We

513
00:33:28,600 --> 00:33:32,120
Speaker 3: can observe that it's here now, so logically it should

514
00:33:32,120 --> 00:33:35,880
Speaker 3: be here tomorrow. But then sometimes, depending on what you

515
00:33:35,960 --> 00:33:39,040
Speaker 3: discover down the road, that stop sign could change to

516
00:33:39,080 --> 00:33:41,800
Speaker 3: a yield sign. It could be a totally different sign

517
00:33:42,000 --> 00:33:46,000
Speaker 3: that stop sign. That law could disappear entirely, like Newton's

518
00:33:46,040 --> 00:33:50,280
Speaker 3: law of gravity. Still can't fully explain how the orbit

519
00:33:50,320 --> 00:33:54,440
Speaker 3: of mercury works. And we've been looking at mercury forever.

520
00:33:55,440 --> 00:33:59,240
Speaker 2: That's weird. I wonder I stop doing that, Mercury.

521
00:34:00,240 --> 00:34:06,560
Speaker 3: Get it together, Mercury, Come on, why are you so mercurial? Yeah?

522
00:34:06,720 --> 00:34:14,839
Speaker 3: Worth it keeping it? So laws have been broken, you know,

523
00:34:15,080 --> 00:34:19,160
Speaker 3: we laws of physics. So Paul M. Sutter explains this

524
00:34:19,320 --> 00:34:24,560
Speaker 3: beautifully in Discover magazine. He says, giving points to one

525
00:34:24,600 --> 00:34:27,359
Speaker 3: of the most famous broken laws of physics, a thing

526
00:34:27,440 --> 00:34:31,400
Speaker 3: called Bodes law. Bodes law was proposed back in seventeen

527
00:34:31,640 --> 00:34:35,239
Speaker 3: fifteen CE, and it stated what seemed to be quite

528
00:34:35,320 --> 00:34:38,040
Speaker 3: rational at the time, and said, based on what we know,

529
00:34:38,680 --> 00:34:42,200
Speaker 3: each planet should be roughly twice as far away from

530
00:34:42,280 --> 00:34:47,000
Speaker 3: the Sun as the next planet inwards. And this law

531
00:34:47,480 --> 00:34:50,440
Speaker 3: seemed pretty it was hot stuff because it works for

532
00:34:50,760 --> 00:34:55,080
Speaker 3: series C E, R, E S. And then the law

533
00:34:55,160 --> 00:34:58,440
Speaker 3: predicted there should be something in the region of the

534
00:34:58,480 --> 00:35:03,640
Speaker 3: asteroid belt. But the law broke down after the discovery

535
00:35:03,800 --> 00:35:07,359
Speaker 3: of Neptune, so people had to throw this one sacrisanct

536
00:35:07,520 --> 00:35:11,880
Speaker 3: law out with the bathwater. As of this recording, we

537
00:35:12,000 --> 00:35:15,359
Speaker 3: don't know which laws of physics may stand the test

538
00:35:15,400 --> 00:35:19,680
Speaker 3: of time. We don't know which ones will be broken next.

539
00:35:20,200 --> 00:35:22,239
Speaker 3: We can, you know, we can give you some of

540
00:35:22,280 --> 00:35:26,720
Speaker 3: the established laws that you've probably heard in school, laws

541
00:35:26,760 --> 00:35:33,160
Speaker 3: of motion, relativity, universal gravitation, thermodynamics, stuff like that. But

542
00:35:33,920 --> 00:35:38,560
Speaker 3: we think it's more important to talk about how humanity,

543
00:35:40,440 --> 00:35:44,799
Speaker 3: almost like the myth of Icarus, sales ever closer to

544
00:35:44,960 --> 00:35:48,360
Speaker 3: things that were once thought unattainable. One of the most

545
00:35:48,360 --> 00:35:51,040
Speaker 3: recent examples that we've had our eyes on is, of course,

546
00:35:51,160 --> 00:35:53,440
Speaker 3: the concept of nuclear fusion.

547
00:35:54,160 --> 00:35:58,000
Speaker 2: Yes, okay, so Ben and I are pretty close in

548
00:35:58,040 --> 00:36:00,000
Speaker 2: age when we were coming up, I want to get

549
00:36:00,080 --> 00:36:02,319
Speaker 2: your opinion on this bin when you were coming up

550
00:36:04,239 --> 00:36:07,040
Speaker 2: in both what I was being taught in school and

551
00:36:07,080 --> 00:36:10,120
Speaker 2: what I was looking at in popular media was the

552
00:36:10,280 --> 00:36:16,000
Speaker 2: concept of nuclear fission, breaking apart an atom and breaking

553
00:36:16,000 --> 00:36:19,480
Speaker 2: apart atoms to create a chain reaction was very much

554
00:36:19,520 --> 00:36:23,680
Speaker 2: a thing. That's how nuclear weapons work, that's how nuclear

555
00:36:23,719 --> 00:36:29,400
Speaker 2: power works. Understandable, This concept of fusing atoms together and

556
00:36:29,480 --> 00:36:34,799
Speaker 2: creating a chain reaction of fusing atoms was a theoretical

557
00:36:34,840 --> 00:36:36,839
Speaker 2: thing that we might be able to do one day

558
00:36:36,840 --> 00:36:38,840
Speaker 2: in the future. But right now it's just I don't know,

559
00:36:38,880 --> 00:36:41,520
Speaker 2: I don't know. There's it seems almost it seems impossible

560
00:36:41,560 --> 00:36:42,720
Speaker 2: at this point.

561
00:36:42,440 --> 00:36:45,000
Speaker 3: Because we knew we knew it was possible for it

562
00:36:45,040 --> 00:36:48,080
Speaker 3: to occur as a natural process. Yes, we did not

563
00:36:48,320 --> 00:36:53,520
Speaker 3: know whether humans could jerry rig up the technology to

564
00:36:53,600 --> 00:36:54,399
Speaker 3: do it on our own.

565
00:36:54,840 --> 00:36:57,680
Speaker 2: Yeah, how could we create an environment where that type

566
00:36:57,719 --> 00:37:02,080
Speaker 2: of plasma would be formed and then be steady and

567
00:37:02,440 --> 00:37:05,200
Speaker 2: you know, to be able to function and continue that

568
00:37:05,360 --> 00:37:08,800
Speaker 2: reaction right at least in a chain reaction that lasts

569
00:37:09,440 --> 00:37:13,600
Speaker 2: until you turn it off. Basically, Well, gosh, it was

570
00:37:13,680 --> 00:37:16,600
Speaker 2: the early this year when that we I think we

571
00:37:16,640 --> 00:37:18,680
Speaker 2: talked about it on Strange News or at least maybe

572
00:37:18,680 --> 00:37:22,160
Speaker 2: you mentioned it at least been Yeah, the artificial sun

573
00:37:22,360 --> 00:37:25,520
Speaker 2: that China's been working on out broke. It broke one

574
00:37:25,600 --> 00:37:31,960
Speaker 2: thousand seconds of steady looping plasma. Hm, would you know, incredible,

575
00:37:32,640 --> 00:37:36,160
Speaker 2: Like if humans can actually harness that type of power

576
00:37:37,560 --> 00:37:39,000
Speaker 2: that changes everything.

577
00:37:39,840 --> 00:37:42,959
Speaker 3: Yeah, and this is a fantastic example. We did mention

578
00:37:43,040 --> 00:37:45,560
Speaker 3: this on Strange News, I believe briefly, but this is

579
00:37:45,600 --> 00:37:50,960
Speaker 3: a fantastic example of how things that can look academic

580
00:37:51,640 --> 00:37:54,480
Speaker 3: and maybe the fiscal conservatives look like a waste of time.

581
00:37:54,760 --> 00:38:00,759
Speaker 3: This is a perfect example of how this does apply. Right. Physics,

582
00:38:00,800 --> 00:38:04,239
Speaker 3: the theories, the models, the principles of physics, as imperfect

583
00:38:04,280 --> 00:38:09,400
Speaker 3: as some may be, do give us entry into amazing

584
00:38:09,520 --> 00:38:15,040
Speaker 3: technology infusion. Of course, fusion can be scary to a

585
00:38:15,040 --> 00:38:18,080
Speaker 3: lot of people right for a lot of reasons. But

586
00:38:18,239 --> 00:38:22,400
Speaker 3: it's important to do the cost benefit analysis. If fusion

587
00:38:22,600 --> 00:38:27,040
Speaker 3: is possible, especially under a certain price point with the

588
00:38:27,120 --> 00:38:33,240
Speaker 3: right constraints, then this could mean clean energy for the world,

589
00:38:33,600 --> 00:38:36,719
Speaker 3: And the implications there just like the implications of an

590
00:38:36,760 --> 00:38:40,400
Speaker 3: apple falling on Newton's head, right, The implications there go

591
00:38:40,600 --> 00:38:46,560
Speaker 3: far beyond the initial foray into the field. So you know,

592
00:38:47,560 --> 00:38:51,760
Speaker 3: I think it's also worth us noting that despite rising

593
00:38:51,880 --> 00:38:57,120
Speaker 3: geopolitical tensions, which almost always hurt scientific endeavors as much

594
00:38:57,160 --> 00:39:02,160
Speaker 3: as they power them, a lot of the scientists who

595
00:39:02,520 --> 00:39:06,240
Speaker 3: exist in China or India or the US or Brazil

596
00:39:06,440 --> 00:39:12,120
Speaker 3: or Russia wherever. Right, they are always trying to hang

597
00:39:12,160 --> 00:39:14,920
Speaker 3: out with each other. I mean, yeah, they're humans, so

598
00:39:14,920 --> 00:39:18,160
Speaker 3: they might have egos and stuff. But if you were

599
00:39:18,200 --> 00:39:23,680
Speaker 3: a person who had spent your life researching and experimenting

600
00:39:23,680 --> 00:39:27,560
Speaker 3: with something that only like twenty other people could understand,

601
00:39:28,000 --> 00:39:30,239
Speaker 3: you'd want to hang out with those twenty people, you

602
00:39:30,280 --> 00:39:33,839
Speaker 3: know what I mean. It's like it's like, be very

603
00:39:33,880 --> 00:39:37,560
Speaker 3: into a specific genre of music, you want to hang

604
00:39:37,600 --> 00:39:39,200
Speaker 3: out on that subreddit.

605
00:39:38,920 --> 00:39:44,320
Speaker 2: Oh sure, or somebody who's into MTG. It's very similar. Anyway.

606
00:39:45,000 --> 00:39:47,000
Speaker 2: You just want to hang out with people that understand

607
00:39:47,080 --> 00:39:49,960
Speaker 2: what you understand, so you don't have to go explaining

608
00:39:50,200 --> 00:39:53,719
Speaker 2: everything to everybody at all times, right, or you don't

609
00:39:53,760 --> 00:39:56,279
Speaker 2: want to feel like a weirdo that wants to talk

610
00:39:56,280 --> 00:40:02,600
Speaker 2: about something real specific like how much manna it costs anyway.

611
00:40:03,120 --> 00:40:07,480
Speaker 3: And why some cards or tournament legal in some or not. Yes.

612
00:40:07,719 --> 00:40:10,840
Speaker 2: Absolutely, And we also have to remember that all of these,

613
00:40:10,960 --> 00:40:12,320
Speaker 2: you know, the people who want to hang out and

614
00:40:12,360 --> 00:40:16,840
Speaker 2: talk with each other, are also working for I was

615
00:40:16,880 --> 00:40:20,400
Speaker 2: going to say companies in the Fourth States, it's.

616
00:40:20,239 --> 00:40:26,160
Speaker 3: The MIL the military industrial legislative complex.

617
00:40:26,520 --> 00:40:28,680
Speaker 2: Yeah, kind of. But if you look at what's happening

618
00:40:28,760 --> 00:40:31,320
Speaker 2: out in Massachusetts right now. Just if we're going to

619
00:40:31,400 --> 00:40:35,080
Speaker 2: take this concept of nuclear fusion as a possible game

620
00:40:35,200 --> 00:40:40,160
Speaker 2: changer for how countries can operate, how the world could operate.

621
00:40:40,680 --> 00:40:44,000
Speaker 2: There's a fusion reactor that's being built in Massachusetts right now.

622
00:40:44,040 --> 00:40:47,320
Speaker 2: There's one out in Chesterfield County, Virginia that's being built.

623
00:40:47,760 --> 00:40:50,960
Speaker 2: This concept or maybe betting on the future of what

624
00:40:51,040 --> 00:40:56,040
Speaker 2: physics could achieve, happens within the state. You know, the

625
00:40:56,040 --> 00:40:59,840
Speaker 2: functional countries where they are betting. They're betting on this

626
00:41:00,040 --> 00:41:02,680
Speaker 2: stuff that it's going to work out, and spending tons

627
00:41:02,719 --> 00:41:05,799
Speaker 2: and tons of money on it because if you do win,

628
00:41:06,520 --> 00:41:09,200
Speaker 2: then your country is ahead of everybody else.

629
00:41:09,560 --> 00:41:09,680
Speaker 3: Right.

630
00:41:09,800 --> 00:41:12,400
Speaker 2: It's a real shame that is not that is that

631
00:41:12,480 --> 00:41:14,560
Speaker 2: it isn't more of what you're describing Ben with all

632
00:41:14,560 --> 00:41:17,719
Speaker 2: the intelligent people getting together and figuring out how to

633
00:41:18,360 --> 00:41:21,120
Speaker 2: do this new stuff and then everybody gets to do

634
00:41:21,160 --> 00:41:24,400
Speaker 2: it so that the whole so that all ships can rise.

635
00:41:25,320 --> 00:41:27,440
Speaker 3: Yeah, but they don't know like that. We have to

636
00:41:27,480 --> 00:41:31,960
Speaker 3: remember there the shadow of Kissinger and real politics still

637
00:41:32,040 --> 00:41:35,600
Speaker 3: looms large. And quite a few, quite a few world

638
00:41:35,640 --> 00:41:43,680
Speaker 3: powers who control scientific endeavors they see they see humanity

639
00:41:43,840 --> 00:41:48,120
Speaker 3: as not a collaborative game of long form improv. They

640
00:41:48,160 --> 00:41:51,960
Speaker 3: see it as a zero sum rush for resources, with

641
00:41:52,440 --> 00:41:58,000
Speaker 3: benefit being defined as detriment to another culture, civilization, society,

642
00:41:58,040 --> 00:42:02,640
Speaker 3: or player. So this style, this stymis the research. And

643
00:42:02,800 --> 00:42:07,880
Speaker 3: it's really interesting too. This is not unique to the

644
00:42:08,360 --> 00:42:12,839
Speaker 3: current era and the current discourse intentions. It shows us

645
00:42:12,920 --> 00:42:22,200
Speaker 3: that throughout history, political machination has stymied scientific endeavors's. It

646
00:42:22,200 --> 00:42:26,640
Speaker 3: would be fascinating to travel to a universe maybe one

647
00:42:26,760 --> 00:42:29,960
Speaker 3: spin to the left or whatever, and see what would

648
00:42:30,239 --> 00:42:34,000
Speaker 3: what twenty twenty five would be like if people had

649
00:42:34,160 --> 00:42:37,200
Speaker 3: just worked together more often, you know what I mean?

650
00:42:37,239 --> 00:42:39,760
Speaker 3: Like the space The fact that the space race happened

651
00:42:40,600 --> 00:42:44,160
Speaker 3: is amazing because it kind of happened out of spite.

652
00:42:44,320 --> 00:42:47,680
Speaker 3: I don't know if world governments would have paid if

653
00:42:47,719 --> 00:42:51,040
Speaker 3: they saw it just as pure science. I think they felt,

654
00:42:51,040 --> 00:42:55,840
Speaker 3: like Cold War style, they needed an enemy, which is ridiculous.

655
00:42:56,360 --> 00:42:58,719
Speaker 2: Yeah, and they also wanted to have a cool new

656
00:42:58,760 --> 00:43:00,880
Speaker 2: place to shoot missiles from.

657
00:43:00,840 --> 00:43:04,640
Speaker 3: Sure, yeah, and a cool vantage point, a new perspective

658
00:43:05,320 --> 00:43:08,640
Speaker 3: for other missiles. And you know what's going on in

659
00:43:08,680 --> 00:43:13,160
Speaker 3: the stands. Anyway, This gets us to this gets us

660
00:43:13,160 --> 00:43:15,920
Speaker 3: to larger conversations. We said this was going to be

661
00:43:16,000 --> 00:43:18,839
Speaker 3: pretty loose. Maybe we take a pause for a word

662
00:43:18,880 --> 00:43:22,840
Speaker 3: from our sponsors, and we dive into some more things

663
00:43:22,880 --> 00:43:28,280
Speaker 3: that allegedly break, if not laws, some assumptions about physics.

664
00:43:34,360 --> 00:43:38,880
Speaker 3: All right, we're back. Okay, you might be saying, I

665
00:43:39,000 --> 00:43:44,440
Speaker 3: get it. Physics is best understood as a continuing conversation. Okay, fine,

666
00:43:44,920 --> 00:43:49,040
Speaker 3: very few principles are really set in stone. But come on, guys,

667
00:43:49,160 --> 00:43:52,360
Speaker 3: we know some basics, right, Like, give me states of matter.

668
00:43:52,719 --> 00:43:54,960
Speaker 3: At least tell me states of matter? Is you know

669
00:43:55,000 --> 00:43:57,560
Speaker 3: we figured that one out. You got your gases, you

670
00:43:57,640 --> 00:44:01,800
Speaker 3: got your liquids, you got your solids, you got little plasma, right.

671
00:44:02,080 --> 00:44:05,480
Speaker 2: And you've got earth, air, water, and fire, well ice.

672
00:44:05,520 --> 00:44:12,480
Speaker 3: Maybe. As David Neild explains writing for Science Alert, quote,

673
00:44:12,520 --> 00:44:16,320
Speaker 3: states of matter describe how particles can interact with one another,

674
00:44:16,480 --> 00:44:20,120
Speaker 3: giving rise to structures in various ways of behaving. So

675
00:44:20,160 --> 00:44:23,440
Speaker 3: if you lock atoms in place, boom, you got a solid.

676
00:44:23,760 --> 00:44:26,319
Speaker 3: You allow those bad boys to flow. He doesn't say

677
00:44:26,320 --> 00:44:29,160
Speaker 3: bad boys. I'm saying bad boys. You allow them to flow.

678
00:44:29,280 --> 00:44:32,400
Speaker 3: You have a liquid or a gas, you force charged

679
00:44:32,480 --> 00:44:37,080
Speaker 3: partnerships apart, and you have a plasma. So boom done, right,

680
00:44:37,239 --> 00:44:41,440
Speaker 3: we at least figured out matter, except we haven't.

681
00:44:42,600 --> 00:44:47,560
Speaker 4: Yeah, we kind of did, except we figured out through

682
00:44:47,560 --> 00:44:52,480
Speaker 4: those particle accelerators and smashing atoms together, that certain subatomic

683
00:44:52,520 --> 00:44:53,920
Speaker 4: particles spin.

684
00:44:54,560 --> 00:44:58,480
Speaker 2: They spin in different ways, They spin in cycles, sometimes up,

685
00:44:58,560 --> 00:45:02,480
Speaker 2: sometimes down, and those little bitty things that spin in

686
00:45:02,560 --> 00:45:05,879
Speaker 2: different directions do different things. And when you can get

687
00:45:05,920 --> 00:45:12,000
Speaker 2: them spinning in certain ways, you can create literally new

688
00:45:12,160 --> 00:45:13,160
Speaker 2: forms of matter.

689
00:45:14,120 --> 00:45:18,480
Speaker 3: Yeah. Back in twenty twenty three, scientists working in the

690
00:45:18,640 --> 00:45:22,560
Speaker 3: US and China discovered a new state of matter, the

691
00:45:23,000 --> 00:45:28,480
Speaker 3: chiro Bo's liquid state c h I r al Bo's

692
00:45:28,520 --> 00:45:33,200
Speaker 3: liquid nothing to do with the bo speakers. Sadly, you're

693
00:45:33,200 --> 00:45:35,120
Speaker 3: not going to find this form of matter sold in

694
00:45:35,120 --> 00:45:39,640
Speaker 3: your grocery store. Instead, Okay, we can't get too deep

695
00:45:39,640 --> 00:45:44,040
Speaker 3: here because we're not professors. But instead, this matter exists

696
00:45:44,120 --> 00:45:47,760
Speaker 3: in a thing that is so confusing it's literally called

697
00:45:47,880 --> 00:45:52,960
Speaker 3: a quote frustrated quantum system. Yes, which sounds like, you know,

698
00:45:53,760 --> 00:45:55,839
Speaker 3: an album name for a post rock band.

699
00:45:57,320 --> 00:46:00,840
Speaker 2: Yeah, it's fair. Look, and here's the guy with a

700
00:46:00,920 --> 00:46:07,160
Speaker 2: video degree saying this is confusing you, Ben, I'm not

701
00:46:07,200 --> 00:46:09,319
Speaker 2: even gonna try.

702
00:46:09,760 --> 00:46:13,480
Speaker 3: Okay, here, we'll try we'll try together and then Dylan,

703
00:46:13,520 --> 00:46:15,840
Speaker 3: if we get it wrong, we're gonna forward the emails

704
00:46:15,880 --> 00:46:19,560
Speaker 3: to our complaint department. Jonathan Strickland at iHeartMedia dot com.

705
00:46:20,280 --> 00:46:24,600
Speaker 2: Okay, uh, let me give you something that is a quote.

706
00:46:25,320 --> 00:46:30,920
Speaker 2: Here's a quote from tiggerin Sedrican Sedric Jan from the

707
00:46:31,000 --> 00:46:36,719
Speaker 2: University of Massachusetts Amherst. This is how the constraints are

708
00:46:36,800 --> 00:46:43,440
Speaker 2: controlled for the particles and they get frustrated. Here's the quote.

709
00:46:43,600 --> 00:46:47,200
Speaker 2: It's like a game of musical chairs designed to frustrate

710
00:46:47,280 --> 00:46:51,040
Speaker 2: the electrons. Instead of each electron having one chair to

711
00:46:51,120 --> 00:46:55,040
Speaker 2: go to, they must now scramble and have many possibilities

712
00:46:55,120 --> 00:46:55,960
Speaker 2: in where they sit.

713
00:46:57,200 --> 00:47:00,440
Speaker 3: Yeah. So okay, yeah, yeah, yeah, I love it, allergy.

714
00:47:00,600 --> 00:47:03,160
Speaker 3: That's one of the best ways to learn. Right, this

715
00:47:03,760 --> 00:47:07,879
Speaker 3: system that they created, this frustrated quantum system ten ten

716
00:47:07,960 --> 00:47:11,960
Speaker 3: on the name guys, no notes, Like you said, Matt,

717
00:47:12,000 --> 00:47:17,640
Speaker 3: it prevents particles from doing the normal predictable interactions that

718
00:47:17,719 --> 00:47:21,280
Speaker 3: they would have in any other system. Right. The musical

719
00:47:21,360 --> 00:47:25,000
Speaker 3: chairs analogy is pretty cool. It's important to note this

720
00:47:25,160 --> 00:47:28,920
Speaker 3: is not just a theory that sounds good on paper.

721
00:47:29,640 --> 00:47:33,720
Speaker 3: These folks actually got together and the boffins built a system,

722
00:47:33,880 --> 00:47:37,840
Speaker 3: a real life physical system. It's a semiconducting device, and

723
00:47:37,880 --> 00:47:43,080
Speaker 3: it's got two layers. The top layer has an embarrassment

724
00:47:43,120 --> 00:47:46,239
Speaker 3: of electrons and the bottom layer has a bunch of

725
00:47:46,320 --> 00:47:51,600
Speaker 3: holes for the electrons to naturally traverse into thing is

726
00:47:52,480 --> 00:47:56,480
Speaker 3: as said Rakken, saying, there are not enough holes for

727
00:47:56,560 --> 00:48:01,240
Speaker 3: all the little electro buddies. So essentially, by these poor

728
00:48:01,320 --> 00:48:07,319
Speaker 3: electrons and leaving some homeless, these physicists redefined some of

729
00:48:07,360 --> 00:48:10,640
Speaker 3: our most basic assumptions about the nature of matter. I

730
00:48:10,680 --> 00:48:14,080
Speaker 3: think the Greeks would be impressed or you know, maybe terrified,

731
00:48:14,640 --> 00:48:18,520
Speaker 3: maybe both. Maybe they would say, hey, guys, stop.

732
00:48:19,160 --> 00:48:20,279
Speaker 2: Like why are you doing this?

733
00:48:21,800 --> 00:48:26,600
Speaker 3: Guys? We told you it's earth, it's air, it's water,

734
00:48:26,800 --> 00:48:27,560
Speaker 3: and it's fire.

735
00:48:27,800 --> 00:48:29,000
Speaker 2: Please stop be dicks.

736
00:48:29,480 --> 00:48:32,960
Speaker 3: We forgot heart, and of course heart which comes with

737
00:48:33,000 --> 00:48:37,800
Speaker 3: a monkey. So we were also talking about this briefly

738
00:48:37,840 --> 00:48:41,480
Speaker 3: off are. That's one example, but it turns out there

739
00:48:41,520 --> 00:48:46,760
Speaker 3: are multiple examples of what technically qualifies new states of matter.

740
00:48:47,160 --> 00:48:48,879
Speaker 2: This is the one that okay, we got to talk

741
00:48:48,880 --> 00:48:52,200
Speaker 2: about it for a second. Fire and ice half ice,

742
00:48:52,280 --> 00:48:55,920
Speaker 2: half fire, right, Why, it's a new thing. That's what

743
00:48:55,960 --> 00:48:59,520
Speaker 2: I was talking about with the spin. It's it's quantumly

744
00:48:59,719 --> 00:49:02,880
Speaker 2: linked particles that have weird spin that are both fire

745
00:49:03,000 --> 00:49:07,200
Speaker 2: and ice but not really. They have upspin and downspin cycles,

746
00:49:07,239 --> 00:49:09,319
Speaker 2: and when they do that, they get weird and they

747
00:49:09,320 --> 00:49:12,360
Speaker 2: do weird stuff that I don't understand. Yeah.

748
00:49:12,640 --> 00:49:17,560
Speaker 3: Yeah, I think it goes back to a quote we'll

749
00:49:17,560 --> 00:49:20,759
Speaker 3: get to in a moment, which means so much to

750
00:49:20,840 --> 00:49:24,000
Speaker 3: all of us and hopefully to you listening along at home. Yeah,

751
00:49:24,040 --> 00:49:29,719
Speaker 3: the half ice, half fire phase of matter they call it.

752
00:49:30,160 --> 00:49:33,040
Speaker 3: You can read more about it in fizz dot org,

753
00:49:33,920 --> 00:49:40,240
Speaker 3: phys dot org. A great article by Lauren mcdrichian west

754
00:49:40,320 --> 00:49:43,680
Speaker 3: Over at the Brookhaven National Laboratory Half eyes, half fire

755
00:49:43,800 --> 00:49:48,600
Speaker 3: physicists discover new phase of matter in a magnetic material. Look.

756
00:49:48,800 --> 00:49:53,560
Speaker 3: We read through this, and we also read through a

757
00:49:53,680 --> 00:49:59,080
Speaker 3: description of the work by the researchers responsible for this discovery,

758
00:50:00,280 --> 00:50:07,520
Speaker 3: and gotta be honest, deep water right counterintuitive if we're

759
00:50:07,520 --> 00:50:12,799
Speaker 3: being diplomatic. And the idea here is that if they

760
00:50:12,800 --> 00:50:16,080
Speaker 3: find a new state of matter with what are described

761
00:50:16,120 --> 00:50:20,440
Speaker 3: as exotic physical properties, and if they can take that

762
00:50:20,560 --> 00:50:25,279
Speaker 3: learning and control the movement between those two states, the

763
00:50:25,320 --> 00:50:28,399
Speaker 3: ice and the fire as it were, then it could

764
00:50:28,560 --> 00:50:33,239
Speaker 3: lead to some huge advances in quantum computing like it

765
00:50:33,320 --> 00:50:37,360
Speaker 3: could have real world applications. This is not just a

766
00:50:37,400 --> 00:50:41,160
Speaker 3: bunch of people growing rock crystals or sea monkeys, you

767
00:50:41,200 --> 00:50:43,160
Speaker 3: know what I mean. This could change the world.

768
00:50:43,680 --> 00:50:46,520
Speaker 2: Yeah, it is for Qanna because because again, the quantum

769
00:50:46,560 --> 00:50:51,120
Speaker 2: computing is the concept of having a thing that is

770
00:50:51,320 --> 00:50:57,160
Speaker 2: both on and off essentially simultaneously. Right, So in human

771
00:50:57,160 --> 00:50:59,640
Speaker 2: beings are using it for computing purposes right now. Who

772
00:50:59,719 --> 00:51:01,279
Speaker 2: knows what else we could be using it for that

773
00:51:01,360 --> 00:51:03,920
Speaker 2: we're just not thinking about yet. Which is one of

774
00:51:04,000 --> 00:51:06,520
Speaker 2: the coolest things about this That Life Science article was

775
00:51:06,560 --> 00:51:10,520
Speaker 2: written just on April first of this year, which means

776
00:51:10,560 --> 00:51:13,399
Speaker 2: we're just on the cusp of understanding what the heck,

777
00:51:13,600 --> 00:51:15,759
Speaker 2: what does that mean and how do we use it?

778
00:51:15,960 --> 00:51:20,680
Speaker 2: Even the amazingly brilliant people who discovered it are saying, hey,

779
00:51:20,880 --> 00:51:24,000
Speaker 2: despite this is a quote, despite our extensive research, we

780
00:51:24,040 --> 00:51:26,839
Speaker 2: still don't know how this state could be utilized. We're

781
00:51:26,880 --> 00:51:28,200
Speaker 2: missing pieces of the puzzle.

782
00:51:28,480 --> 00:51:29,880
Speaker 3: Mm exactly.

783
00:51:30,200 --> 00:51:33,240
Speaker 2: Yeah, sorry, it just it blows your mind. It blows

784
00:51:33,239 --> 00:51:34,720
Speaker 2: my mind a little bit, agreed.

785
00:51:34,920 --> 00:51:38,280
Speaker 3: I think if that doesn't blow your mind, you're either

786
00:51:39,600 --> 00:51:43,680
Speaker 3: what of the most intelligent physicists on the planet, or

787
00:51:45,800 --> 00:51:47,200
Speaker 3: you're not really thinking about it.

788
00:51:47,400 --> 00:51:51,200
Speaker 2: Oh okay, well let's think about it. Let's go to

789
00:51:51,239 --> 00:51:53,560
Speaker 2: the quantum level. Some of the crazy stuff we talked

790
00:51:53,560 --> 00:51:56,919
Speaker 2: about on Strange News recently. Didn't we talk about how

791
00:51:57,520 --> 00:52:01,440
Speaker 2: energy was quantumly telep pretty recently?

792
00:52:02,080 --> 00:52:04,279
Speaker 3: I can't remember if we talked about an air but yeah,

793
00:52:04,320 --> 00:52:08,200
Speaker 3: they were able to transport it outside of the usual constraints,

794
00:52:08,280 --> 00:52:12,000
Speaker 3: which would be very very low temperatures.

795
00:52:12,840 --> 00:52:17,000
Speaker 2: But they're saying it. They're saying, okay, because I don't

796
00:52:17,000 --> 00:52:17,759
Speaker 2: fully understand it.

797
00:52:17,800 --> 00:52:20,960
Speaker 3: Guys, they're saying they could move energy on a quantum

798
00:52:21,080 --> 00:52:27,280
Speaker 3: level without the same assumptive constraints that have always existed

799
00:52:27,400 --> 00:52:28,680
Speaker 3: in classical physics.

800
00:52:29,000 --> 00:52:32,440
Speaker 2: Yeah, they wormhold energy from one place to another without

801
00:52:32,440 --> 00:52:36,360
Speaker 2: going without that energy traveling through the space in between

802
00:52:36,400 --> 00:52:37,080
Speaker 2: the two points.

803
00:52:37,400 --> 00:52:38,880
Speaker 3: They essentially teleported it.

804
00:52:39,400 --> 00:52:44,080
Speaker 2: That's exactly what And this is twenty twenty three.

805
00:52:45,280 --> 00:52:49,439
Speaker 3: What I mean superpositioning alone is you know what, let's

806
00:52:49,440 --> 00:52:52,920
Speaker 3: do it first. There are even more new states of

807
00:52:53,000 --> 00:52:55,400
Speaker 3: matter that are well on the way. We want to

808
00:52:55,440 --> 00:53:00,480
Speaker 3: thank everybody's doing the research for that. May regrets saying this,

809
00:53:00,640 --> 00:53:02,839
Speaker 3: but if you're a physicist, let us know the most

810
00:53:02,880 --> 00:53:07,120
Speaker 3: exciting unsolved problems in physics. Let us know the experiments

811
00:53:07,160 --> 00:53:11,800
Speaker 3: that weird you out the most. Let's go to quantum jazz.

812
00:53:12,040 --> 00:53:15,960
Speaker 3: While we're waiting on those emails. One of our favorite

813
00:53:16,000 --> 00:53:21,719
Speaker 3: quotes about quantum mechanics comes from a legendary professor, Professor

814
00:53:21,880 --> 00:53:26,160
Speaker 3: Rama Murty Shankar. And if it's okay, Matt, I'd love

815
00:53:26,200 --> 00:53:29,280
Speaker 3: to play just a brief clip of his bigger line.

816
00:53:29,680 --> 00:53:30,680
Speaker 2: Oh I know this one.

817
00:53:30,800 --> 00:53:31,640
Speaker 3: You remember this one?

818
00:53:31,680 --> 00:53:35,279
Speaker 5: Man, one of the big figures in physics used to say,

819
00:53:35,280 --> 00:53:39,400
Speaker 5: no one understands quantum mechanics. So in some sense the

820
00:53:39,400 --> 00:53:42,480
Speaker 5: pressure is off for you guys, because I don't get it,

821
00:53:42,480 --> 00:53:44,719
Speaker 5: and you don't get it, and Fineman doesn't get it.

822
00:53:45,360 --> 00:53:47,680
Speaker 2: The point is, here's my goal.

823
00:53:48,719 --> 00:53:52,000
Speaker 5: Right now, I'm the only one who doesn't understand quantum mechanics.

824
00:53:53,320 --> 00:53:56,880
Speaker 5: In about seven days, all if you will be unable

825
00:53:56,880 --> 00:53:59,440
Speaker 5: to understand quantum mechanics, then you can go back and

826
00:53:59,520 --> 00:54:02,120
Speaker 5: spread your ignorance everywhere else.

827
00:54:02,880 --> 00:54:07,279
Speaker 2: Boom. Not really because we don't understand it yet.

828
00:54:07,440 --> 00:54:09,680
Speaker 3: What a cool guy, though, you know what I mean.

829
00:54:09,760 --> 00:54:14,719
Speaker 3: I've watched I've watched other lectures by this professor and

830
00:54:15,800 --> 00:54:19,759
Speaker 3: just an amazing, an amazing mind, and that I think

831
00:54:19,760 --> 00:54:23,680
Speaker 3: that stands out to us because it is one it's

832
00:54:23,719 --> 00:54:28,120
Speaker 3: super humble, but it's also one of like the best

833
00:54:28,239 --> 00:54:33,200
Speaker 3: descriptions of how learning quantum mechanics works. You learn enough

834
00:54:33,239 --> 00:54:38,399
Speaker 3: to realize that you don't get it, and that's from

835
00:54:38,640 --> 00:54:42,040
Speaker 3: that's from multiple professors echo that statement.

836
00:54:43,040 --> 00:54:43,320
Speaker 2: Yep.

837
00:54:43,960 --> 00:54:48,399
Speaker 3: And so why are people so befuddled? It's because quantum mechanics,

838
00:54:49,160 --> 00:54:52,880
Speaker 3: which is the fancy way of saying science dealing with

839
00:54:52,920 --> 00:54:56,279
Speaker 3: the behavior of matter and light on those atomic and

840
00:54:56,320 --> 00:55:00,960
Speaker 3: subatomic scales, quantum mechanics has a different set of rules

841
00:55:01,000 --> 00:55:03,919
Speaker 3: of the road and we haven't fully figured those out yet.

842
00:55:04,000 --> 00:55:08,680
Speaker 3: It seems to agree with some established principles, models, and theories,

843
00:55:09,360 --> 00:55:11,799
Speaker 3: and then it kind of plays jazz with the rest

844
00:55:11,840 --> 00:55:14,440
Speaker 3: of it. You know, it treats the stop sign in

845
00:55:14,520 --> 00:55:18,640
Speaker 3: our earlier analogy like a suggestion, or it both stops

846
00:55:18,680 --> 00:55:22,319
Speaker 3: and doesn't stop at the same time, or you know,

847
00:55:22,440 --> 00:55:26,319
Speaker 3: it does every imaginable action until you look at it.

848
00:55:28,160 --> 00:55:34,719
Speaker 2: Yes, yes, and there are actual quantum computers right now

849
00:55:34,760 --> 00:55:38,120
Speaker 2: that are functional in being worked on and being used

850
00:55:38,480 --> 00:55:41,920
Speaker 2: to simulate like we were talking about energy transportation right

851
00:55:42,000 --> 00:55:47,279
Speaker 2: or energy energy teleportation. There are quantum computers that use

852
00:55:47,360 --> 00:55:52,440
Speaker 2: these concepts right now to simulate what using those concepts

853
00:55:52,480 --> 00:55:55,880
Speaker 2: would be like to harvest energy from far falling places

854
00:55:56,120 --> 00:55:59,400
Speaker 2: and then store them inside themselves or inside other little

855
00:55:59,440 --> 00:56:03,239
Speaker 2: cubits in the same way. And all of it just

856
00:56:03,320 --> 00:56:11,120
Speaker 2: seems it just seems impossible because because for me, a

857
00:56:11,200 --> 00:56:14,160
Speaker 2: kid that grew up on the basic physics that were

858
00:56:14,280 --> 00:56:18,840
Speaker 2: understood in the mid nineteen nineties, all of this stuff

859
00:56:19,080 --> 00:56:23,160
Speaker 2: was so outside of the realm of possibility that it

860
00:56:23,239 --> 00:56:26,000
Speaker 2: really does. Man, I don't even know what I'm saying here,

861
00:56:26,040 --> 00:56:29,319
Speaker 2: just other than it doesn't seem possible that there is

862
00:56:29,360 --> 00:56:32,800
Speaker 2: a thing that exists as on and off in the

863
00:56:32,840 --> 00:56:36,440
Speaker 2: way we understand transistors, that is so tiny and you

864
00:56:36,480 --> 00:56:39,160
Speaker 2: can link those things up in some way and then

865
00:56:39,280 --> 00:56:42,400
Speaker 2: use those things to figure out stuff that our best

866
00:56:42,400 --> 00:56:47,960
Speaker 2: supercomputers can't do today. It doesn't compute there it is.

867
00:56:48,200 --> 00:56:53,680
Speaker 3: Yeah, it's enough to make some people understandably want to

868
00:56:53,719 --> 00:56:58,120
Speaker 3: retreat back into Plato's cavern, you know what I mean, Like, yes, okay,

869
00:56:58,200 --> 00:57:01,440
Speaker 3: I get that it's possible, but I've feel like it

870
00:57:01,480 --> 00:57:05,279
Speaker 3: should not be possible. Where that's where, you know, you

871
00:57:05,320 --> 00:57:08,200
Speaker 3: get the old trope of the king shutting down the

872
00:57:08,239 --> 00:57:15,480
Speaker 3: research or people punishing Galileo. Sometimes current society will have issue,

873
00:57:15,560 --> 00:57:19,720
Speaker 3: will take issue with truths that science is figuring out,

874
00:57:19,800 --> 00:57:23,680
Speaker 3: or perhaps more dangerously, in this case, questions that science

875
00:57:23,760 --> 00:57:27,280
Speaker 3: is asking. You know, we're civilization is a little bit

876
00:57:27,320 --> 00:57:31,440
Speaker 3: better about it now, but the track record is not great.

877
00:57:31,480 --> 00:57:35,480
Speaker 3: There's a dirty jacket at play. Yeah, okay, let's go

878
00:57:35,520 --> 00:57:41,600
Speaker 3: to Cody Mure, writing for Quantum Magazine, who shares some

879
00:57:41,800 --> 00:57:47,040
Speaker 3: popular characters from a lot of thought experiments. There are

880
00:57:47,040 --> 00:57:51,760
Speaker 3: two infamous characters who are used pretty often, Alice and Bob.

881
00:57:52,280 --> 00:57:54,880
Speaker 3: So let's say Alice and Bob having a nice night

882
00:57:54,920 --> 00:57:58,320
Speaker 3: at home cooking dinner. All of a sudden, a series

883
00:57:58,400 --> 00:58:03,280
Speaker 3: of events occur. List drops a plate crash. The sound

884
00:58:03,360 --> 00:58:08,280
Speaker 3: startles Bob. Bob is cooking, he burns himself on the stove,

885
00:58:08,640 --> 00:58:13,000
Speaker 3: and reasonably he goes h. In another version of events,

886
00:58:13,600 --> 00:58:17,960
Speaker 3: Bob burns himself first and then cries out uh, and

887
00:58:18,080 --> 00:58:23,760
Speaker 3: this causes Alice to drop the plate crash. In classical physics,

888
00:58:24,200 --> 00:58:27,280
Speaker 3: only to your point, Matt, only one chain of events

889
00:58:27,440 --> 00:58:30,800
Speaker 3: is true A to Z one to two to three

890
00:58:31,080 --> 00:58:35,200
Speaker 3: right in linear time. In quantum mechanics, both of these

891
00:58:35,200 --> 00:58:37,920
Speaker 3: things can be true at once due to the phenomenon

892
00:58:38,080 --> 00:58:42,920
Speaker 3: known as superposition, and superposition is so cool, man.

893
00:58:43,560 --> 00:58:46,800
Speaker 2: Well yeah, it's just Alice and Bob forever linked together,

894
00:58:46,880 --> 00:58:52,040
Speaker 2: burning themselves and dropping plates. Yeah, yeah, so cool. What

895
00:58:52,080 --> 00:58:53,560
Speaker 2: do you what do you think? What do you think?

896
00:58:53,640 --> 00:58:57,479
Speaker 2: The quantum quarks think about that or whatever they're called.

897
00:58:57,720 --> 00:59:00,920
Speaker 3: They think everything at once, depending on how they're spinning.

898
00:59:01,120 --> 00:59:05,560
Speaker 3: You know what I mean? Sorry, man, this is familiar

899
00:59:05,640 --> 00:59:09,919
Speaker 3: right to any fan of fiction or film. You might

900
00:59:10,040 --> 00:59:15,360
Speaker 3: hear this loosely translated or popularized as the multiverse, And

901
00:59:15,440 --> 00:59:18,440
Speaker 3: like you were saying, Matt, all the particles exist in

902
00:59:18,520 --> 00:59:22,800
Speaker 3: all possible realities at once, up until the moment they

903
00:59:22,960 --> 00:59:28,880
Speaker 3: are measured. Maybe we think we're not sure. And I

904
00:59:28,880 --> 00:59:34,480
Speaker 3: feel like at this point in these conversations, just again

905
00:59:34,520 --> 00:59:38,680
Speaker 3: for transparency, Look, Tennessee, and Matt and I are not

906
00:59:38,960 --> 00:59:42,600
Speaker 3: currently high. It makes you feel like you're high when

907
00:59:42,600 --> 00:59:44,200
Speaker 3: you have to think about this stuff.

908
00:59:46,320 --> 00:59:50,680
Speaker 2: Because you can hear this, my voice exists, and because

909
00:59:50,720 --> 00:59:54,520
Speaker 2: my voice exists, my mom had to exist, and because

910
00:59:54,560 --> 00:59:58,680
Speaker 2: she existed, the trees in the forest where my grandfather

911
00:59:58,760 --> 01:00:01,640
Speaker 2: grew up. You know, like all of that, all of

912
01:00:01,640 --> 01:00:04,920
Speaker 2: those things, when you think about the reality of it,

913
01:00:05,000 --> 01:00:10,000
Speaker 2: the true the true thrust of physics, trying to understand why,

914
01:00:10,560 --> 01:00:13,040
Speaker 2: why is? Why is right?

915
01:00:13,120 --> 01:00:14,320
Speaker 3: What is? What is?

916
01:00:14,440 --> 01:00:16,040
Speaker 2: And why right?

917
01:00:16,840 --> 01:00:21,280
Speaker 3: And again the damning dilemma, the bag of badgers that

918
01:00:21,320 --> 01:00:25,240
Speaker 3: we call the observable universe, which factors in human observation

919
01:00:25,400 --> 01:00:30,280
Speaker 3: of time. Right is the concept of linear time and

920
01:00:30,480 --> 01:00:34,880
Speaker 3: illusion filtered through senses that are inadequate for the totality

921
01:00:35,040 --> 01:00:41,560
Speaker 3: of reality. Is time simply one uh one nonlinear eternal

922
01:00:41,640 --> 01:00:45,080
Speaker 3: moment of the universe in some way experiencing itself through

923
01:00:45,080 --> 01:00:48,880
Speaker 3: different aspects? Is there as we're recording right now? Is

924
01:00:48,920 --> 01:00:52,640
Speaker 3: there still a moment in time where wherein Matt pursues

925
01:00:52,800 --> 01:00:56,000
Speaker 3: a different degree at Georgia State or at an entirely

926
01:00:56,080 --> 01:01:02,200
Speaker 3: different institution. Is there a world in which something like

927
01:01:02,280 --> 01:01:07,000
Speaker 3: meat does something very similar? Impossible questions to answer because

928
01:01:07,000 --> 01:01:10,640
Speaker 3: we only know the reality we can observe, and at

929
01:01:10,680 --> 01:01:14,200
Speaker 3: the risk of sounding cliche, that poses a logical issue

930
01:01:14,840 --> 01:01:17,880
Speaker 3: when we say observation may change things.

931
01:01:18,440 --> 01:01:21,760
Speaker 2: Well, yeah, yes, I want to say it was last

932
01:01:21,840 --> 01:01:27,000
Speaker 2: year around this time, when I can't remember the Scientific

933
01:01:27,000 --> 01:01:30,880
Speaker 2: American or New Scientists on one of those publications wrote

934
01:01:30,920 --> 01:01:36,800
Speaker 2: something about how human brains alter time, But it's not

935
01:01:36,880 --> 01:01:40,720
Speaker 2: actually altering time. It's altering our perception of time. And

936
01:01:40,800 --> 01:01:45,160
Speaker 2: when it goes back to the observer concept of whether

937
01:01:45,240 --> 01:01:51,080
Speaker 2: or not just us observing anything, us observing the quantum level,

938
01:01:51,280 --> 01:01:54,760
Speaker 2: you know, for the first time in human history, does

939
01:01:54,800 --> 01:02:00,280
Speaker 2: that somehow alter how it functions? Or is it? Does

940
01:02:00,320 --> 01:02:02,920
Speaker 2: it all just function that way? And we're trying to

941
01:02:02,960 --> 01:02:06,920
Speaker 2: harness something you know that maybe maybe is outside of

942
01:02:06,960 --> 01:02:11,520
Speaker 2: our possible grasp just because of scale. Right.

943
01:02:11,800 --> 01:02:17,920
Speaker 3: See also our conversation about the possibility of prescients or

944
01:02:18,480 --> 01:02:25,200
Speaker 3: prognostication and dreams right. And the quantum the quantum scale

945
01:02:25,360 --> 01:02:29,400
Speaker 3: function of the human brain. Right, it gets into some

946
01:02:29,760 --> 01:02:34,000
Speaker 3: very enjoyable but very treacherous waters. And with that idea

947
01:02:34,240 --> 01:02:38,000
Speaker 3: of you know, if we conflate, if we could correctly

948
01:02:38,040 --> 01:02:45,600
Speaker 3: conflate observation and consideration, think a consciousness thinking about a thing,

949
01:02:45,640 --> 01:02:48,880
Speaker 3: and then that counts as observation, right, And then that

950
01:02:48,920 --> 01:02:55,080
Speaker 3: could mean that we run into certain cognitive dangers info hazards. Right.

951
01:02:56,800 --> 01:02:58,760
Speaker 3: It's crazy, man, But I think all of this shows

952
01:02:58,840 --> 01:03:03,600
Speaker 3: us just how some purportedly ironclad laws of physics can

953
01:03:03,640 --> 01:03:07,320
Speaker 3: be and how they can truly fall short of explaining

954
01:03:07,480 --> 01:03:11,240
Speaker 3: the mechanics of what we know as reality and Matt,

955
01:03:11,280 --> 01:03:14,840
Speaker 3: we have not even explored black holes. We talked a

956
01:03:14,880 --> 01:03:18,480
Speaker 3: little bit about quarks, but we haven't gotten down into

957
01:03:18,880 --> 01:03:22,960
Speaker 3: the great pickle of what comprises a quark right now,

958
01:03:23,000 --> 01:03:25,800
Speaker 3: that's like the smallest thing. No matter how much energy

959
01:03:25,840 --> 01:03:28,000
Speaker 3: we throw at it, we can't break it into sub

960
01:03:28,120 --> 01:03:32,560
Speaker 3: quarks just yet. We haven't talked about that. We've alluded

961
01:03:32,600 --> 01:03:35,720
Speaker 3: to but have not examined technological breakthroughs that are both

962
01:03:35,840 --> 01:03:38,920
Speaker 3: powered by discoveries in physics and at the same time

963
01:03:39,160 --> 01:03:43,240
Speaker 3: powering new breakthroughs in the future. I mean, maybe it's

964
01:03:43,240 --> 01:03:45,600
Speaker 3: a story for another evening. Is this a part two?

965
01:03:46,000 --> 01:03:47,120
Speaker 3: Do we have a part two on this?

966
01:03:47,200 --> 01:03:49,720
Speaker 2: You think, well, there has to be. There's a part

967
01:03:50,120 --> 01:03:53,560
Speaker 2: infinity of these episodes if we keep making them, because

968
01:03:54,280 --> 01:03:57,400
Speaker 2: stuff's getting weirder and weirder. There was a thing that

969
01:03:57,400 --> 01:04:02,120
Speaker 2: came out recently about fifty six Cuba quantum computer that officially,

970
01:04:02,160 --> 01:04:06,959
Speaker 2: for the first time, demonstrated certified randomness. Yes, we talked

971
01:04:06,960 --> 01:04:10,400
Speaker 2: about random number generators for a long time on the show,

972
01:04:10,440 --> 01:04:12,080
Speaker 2: and what does that mean and how do you get that?

973
01:04:12,560 --> 01:04:17,080
Speaker 2: And the new quantum stuff that we're talking about just

974
01:04:17,120 --> 01:04:20,120
Speaker 2: officially did it? Pretty pretty awesome.

975
01:04:20,720 --> 01:04:22,600
Speaker 3: And there's a new pope, you know what I mean.

976
01:04:22,680 --> 01:04:23,760
Speaker 3: It's all Abouty's game.

977
01:04:24,840 --> 01:04:28,160
Speaker 2: It's like maybe he can come in and really solidify

978
01:04:28,280 --> 01:04:31,000
Speaker 2: some of the stuff, you know, like yeah, how things.

979
01:04:30,720 --> 01:04:33,880
Speaker 3: Weren't And Dylan asked, what if infinite parts of this

980
01:04:34,000 --> 01:04:42,520
Speaker 3: series already exist? Love it? Love the optimism there. Well, well,

981
01:04:42,560 --> 01:04:46,360
Speaker 3: at the very least, there is a universe, this universe

982
01:04:46,440 --> 01:04:51,160
Speaker 3: wherein we continue this show most importantly with you, fellow

983
01:04:51,280 --> 01:04:56,400
Speaker 3: conspiracy realist. I don't know, Matt, you know, in some

984
01:04:56,560 --> 01:04:59,880
Speaker 3: way to wax a little, a little too poetic. Perhaps

985
01:05:00,320 --> 01:05:05,440
Speaker 3: the first science isn't just this exploration of reality. It's

986
01:05:05,520 --> 01:05:11,280
Speaker 3: kind of a metaphor, right for humanity's unquenchable curiosity. I

987
01:05:11,360 --> 01:05:13,480
Speaker 3: sound like I'm in a weed shop or a dispenser

988
01:05:13,560 --> 01:05:14,280
Speaker 3: in California.

989
01:05:15,720 --> 01:05:21,280
Speaker 2: Yeah, man, science be cool. Science is badass. It's just

990
01:05:24,120 --> 01:05:26,120
Speaker 2: some of the things that are happening. I can only

991
01:05:26,160 --> 01:05:31,200
Speaker 2: see them being weaponized some of Like when you're talking

992
01:05:31,200 --> 01:05:34,960
Speaker 2: about quantum advancements, it'd be a beautiful world if we

993
01:05:34,960 --> 01:05:39,840
Speaker 2: could actually use that stuff to make everybody's life better,

994
01:05:39,960 --> 01:05:41,640
Speaker 2: to make you know, to clean up the earth, to

995
01:05:41,680 --> 01:05:45,240
Speaker 2: make everything cool and hippie like that. I'll be down

996
01:05:45,280 --> 01:05:47,520
Speaker 2: with that. But it's not it's gonna be weaponized. It's

997
01:05:47,520 --> 01:05:51,000
Speaker 2: all gonna be weaponized until we can somehow drive all

998
01:05:51,040 --> 01:05:53,040
Speaker 2: the weapons you know, into dust.

999
01:05:53,640 --> 01:05:58,480
Speaker 3: Weaponized, commodified, Yeah, leveraged. I agree, especially with the constant

1000
01:05:58,600 --> 01:06:04,560
Speaker 3: hunt for funding. Right that is, the best explanation or

1001
01:06:04,600 --> 01:06:11,440
Speaker 3: the best historical pitch for funding is ultimately going to

1002
01:06:11,480 --> 01:06:15,480
Speaker 3: be some kind of geopolitical edge or military application, which

1003
01:06:15,520 --> 01:06:18,320
Speaker 3: is a shame. You know that war should be such

1004
01:06:18,360 --> 01:06:23,560
Speaker 3: a great driver of innovation. But since the first moment

1005
01:06:23,880 --> 01:06:27,320
Speaker 3: early humans looked at the stars, millennia and millennia go,

1006
01:06:28,040 --> 01:06:32,160
Speaker 3: civilization is still I would say, even without the military applications.

1007
01:06:32,560 --> 01:06:36,600
Speaker 3: Civilization is searching for a pattern right where we're taking

1008
01:06:36,640 --> 01:06:40,760
Speaker 3: our thumb and forefinger and rubbing the weft and weave

1009
01:06:41,280 --> 01:06:43,920
Speaker 3: of realities fabric, and we're always seeking a hole in

1010
01:06:43,920 --> 01:06:47,320
Speaker 3: that substance, right, and maybe we can get behind the curtain,

1011
01:06:47,640 --> 01:06:51,640
Speaker 3: maybe we can discover a vast conspiracy, right, the truth

1012
01:06:52,360 --> 01:06:58,439
Speaker 3: that scientists and religious institutions have sought ever since we

1013
01:06:58,720 --> 01:07:01,680
Speaker 3: thought to seek things. So, I don't know, man, it

1014
01:07:01,720 --> 01:07:04,880
Speaker 3: looks like we just arrive at more questions than answers.

1015
01:07:05,080 --> 01:07:06,120
Speaker 3: Is that a fair statement?

1016
01:07:07,000 --> 01:07:09,080
Speaker 2: I think so I'm just gonna sit over here and

1017
01:07:09,280 --> 01:07:10,440
Speaker 2: rub the waft and weave.

1018
01:07:12,480 --> 01:07:17,040
Speaker 3: Well. While we do that, we want to hear from you.

1019
01:07:17,280 --> 01:07:22,480
Speaker 3: What will we learn next? Should humanity? Should civilization keep

1020
01:07:22,520 --> 01:07:26,440
Speaker 3: asking these questions? Or is there a moment where everybody

1021
01:07:26,480 --> 01:07:30,240
Speaker 3: collectively says that's enough. We don't need to learn more.

1022
01:07:30,760 --> 01:07:32,360
Speaker 3: We can't wait to hear your thoughts. You can find

1023
01:07:32,440 --> 01:07:37,360
Speaker 3: us online, YouTube, Instagram, any social media that you may sip.

1024
01:07:37,480 --> 01:07:41,280
Speaker 3: We are conspiracy stuff, conspiracy stuff, show some derivative thereof.

1025
01:07:41,560 --> 01:07:44,080
Speaker 3: You can also find us via telephone and email.

1026
01:07:44,760 --> 01:07:48,360
Speaker 2: Yeah, our number is one eight three three STDWYTK. When

1027
01:07:48,360 --> 01:07:50,880
Speaker 2: you call in, you've got three minutes for a voicemail,

1028
01:07:51,080 --> 01:07:52,760
Speaker 2: give yourself a cool nickname. Let us know if we

1029
01:07:52,760 --> 01:07:55,040
Speaker 2: can use your name and message on the air. In

1030
01:07:55,080 --> 01:07:58,160
Speaker 2: the message, please do say that. And hey, if you

1031
01:07:58,200 --> 01:08:00,600
Speaker 2: want to contact us another way, why not send us

1032
01:08:00,600 --> 01:08:01,560
Speaker 2: a good old fashioned email.

1033
01:08:01,800 --> 01:08:05,320
Speaker 3: We are the entities that read every piece of correspondence

1034
01:08:05,360 --> 01:08:09,160
Speaker 3: we receive. Be well aware, yet unafraid. In multiple universes,

1035
01:08:09,480 --> 01:08:12,360
Speaker 3: the void writes back, what do we mean? You can

1036
01:08:12,560 --> 01:08:16,240
Speaker 3: find out by playing along at home conspiracy at iHeartRadio

1037
01:08:16,479 --> 01:08:36,560
Speaker 3: dot com.

1038
01:08:36,760 --> 01:08:38,839
Speaker 2: Stuff They don't want you to Know is a production

1039
01:08:38,920 --> 01:08:43,479
Speaker 2: of iHeartRadio. For more podcasts from iHeartRadio, visit the iHeartRadio app,

1040
01:08:43,560 --> 01:08:46,760
Speaker 2: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.