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Speaker 1: This Day in History Class as a production of I

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Speaker 1: Heart Radio. Welcome to This Day in History Class, where

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Speaker 1: we bring you a new tip bit from history every day.

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Speaker 1: Today is May fourteenth, nineteen. The day was May fourteenth, nineteen.

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Speaker 1: In Tel Aviv, David Ben Gurion, the chairman of the

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Speaker 1: Jewish Agency, proclaimed the establishment of the State of Israel.

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Speaker 1: From the early sixteenth century to nineteen seventeen, the Ottomans

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Speaker 1: ruled the Palestine region, but in nineteen seventeen, British Foreign

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Speaker 1: Secretary Arthur James Balfour issued a statement of British support

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Speaker 1: for the establishment of a national home in Palestine for

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Speaker 1: Jewish people. That statement became known as the Balfour Declaration.

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Speaker 1: The British government had hoped that it would get Jewish

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Speaker 1: opinion on the side of the Allies during World War One.

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Speaker 1: It was also a play to protect the Suez Canal

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Speaker 1: in Egypt and ensure a good communication channel to British

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Speaker 1: possessions in India. When the First World War ended in

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Speaker 1: nineteen eighteen, written seized control of the Palestine region or

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Speaker 1: modern day Israel, Palestine and Jordan's even though Arab states protested.

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Speaker 1: The Balfour Declaration concerned it would subject Arab Palestinians to persecution.

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Speaker 1: It was included in the British Mandate for Palestine. The

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Speaker 1: League of Nations, an international organization founded in nineteen twenty

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Speaker 1: to resolve international disputes, formally authorized the mandate on July

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Speaker 1: nineteen twenty two. The mandate went into effect in nineteen three,

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Speaker 1: and British rule continued through the next two decades. As Zionism,

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Speaker 1: a movement for the re establishment of a Jewish homeland

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Speaker 1: and Palestine, emerged, thousands of Jewish people relocated to the

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Speaker 1: region in the late nineteenth in early twentieth centuries, and

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Speaker 1: after World War Two broke out in nineteen thirty nine,

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Speaker 1: Jewish people fled persecution and immigrated to Palestine, taking up

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Speaker 1: the cause of Zionism. Tensions between Arabs and Jewish people

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Speaker 1: in Palestine intensified. Written, which in nineteen thirty nine had

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Speaker 1: recommended an end to Jewish immigration. By nineteen forty four,

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Speaker 1: faced opposition from Zionists. The US supported the Balfour Declaration

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Speaker 1: and the Zionist cause of the re establishment of a

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Speaker 1: Jewish nation and Palestine, but in nineteen forty five, at

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Speaker 1: the end of World War Two, President Franklin D. Roosevelt

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Speaker 1: promised not to intervene without consulting Jewish people in Arabs.

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Speaker 1: The British were against the creation of a Jewish state

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Speaker 1: and an Arab state in Palestine, and they opposed the

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Speaker 1: unlimited immigration of Jewish refugees to the area. Britain was

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Speaker 1: concerned with maintaining good standing with the Arabs to ensure

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Speaker 1: its political and economic interests were not disturbed. After US

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Speaker 1: President Harry Truman took office, he announced his support for

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Speaker 1: the creation of a Jewish state, and in November nineteen,

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Speaker 1: the United Nations voted to partition Palestine into a Jewish

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Speaker 1: and Arab state. Resolution one eight one, or the Partition Resolution,

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Speaker 1: called for the creation of the states when Britain's Palestinian

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Speaker 1: mandate was scheduled to end in May nineteen. Under the resolution,

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Speaker 1: the area surrounding Jerusalem would be a corpus separatum, or

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Speaker 1: region granted a special legal and political status, but it's

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Speaker 1: not sovereign, under international control administered by the U n

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Speaker 1: Jewish people would get more than half of Palestine, even

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Speaker 1: though they made up less than half of the region's population.

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Speaker 1: Jewish leaders accepted the plan, but Arabs rejected it. Palestinian

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Speaker 1: Arabs argued that they should be given more territory and

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Speaker 1: began forming volunteer armies. Despite the objection, Britain withdrew from

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Speaker 1: Palestine in May nineteen eight in Israel became an independent

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Speaker 1: state on the fourteenth of the month. The next day,

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Speaker 1: the Arab nations of Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, trans Jordan which

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Speaker 1: is now Jordans, and Iraq invaded the region. The Arab

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Speaker 1: Israeli War broke out and lasted until March of nineteen

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Speaker 1: forty nine, when a ceasefire agreement was reached. Many conflicts

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Speaker 1: have ensued between Jewish people in Arabs over the decades

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Speaker 1: since the creation of Israel, including the Suez Crisis, Six

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Speaker 1: Day War, Yam Kapoor War, and the Lebanon War. Key

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Speaker 1: areas like the West Bank, Golan Heights, the Gaza Strip,

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Speaker 1: and Jerusalem have been centers of dispute. In nineteen sixty four,

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Speaker 1: the Palestine Liberation Organization was formed to unite Palestinian groups

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Speaker 1: and create a liberated Palestine. The Israeli Palestinian conflict persists,

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Speaker 1: though there have been peace treaties between Israel and both

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Speaker 1: Egypt and Jordan's Israel does not recognize Palestine as a state,

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Speaker 1: though more than a hundred UN member nations do. A

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Speaker 1: two state solution, or the establishment of Israel for Jewish

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Speaker 1: people and Palestine for Palestinian people, has been proposed, but

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Speaker 1: such a framework has proved challenging to achieve. In the

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Speaker 1: struggle with reaching a two state solution, a one state

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Speaker 1: solution emerged, where Israel, the West Bank and the Gaza

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Speaker 1: Strip would be merged into one democratic country. And another

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Speaker 1: version of the one state solution, Israel annexes the West

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Speaker 1: Bank but not the Gaza Strip and remains a Jewish

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Speaker 1: state with the larger AIRB minority. Over the years, people

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Speaker 1: have attempted to work on peaceful solutions that would end

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Speaker 1: the years long conflict. I'm Eaves Deafcote and hopefully you

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Speaker 1: know a little more about history today than you did yesterday.

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Speaker 1: If you haven't gotten your fill of history after listening

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Speaker 1: to today episode, you can follow us on Twitter, Instagram,

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Speaker 1: and Facebook at t d I h C podcast Tune

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Speaker 1: in tomorrow for another Day in History. For more podcasts

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