1 00:00:01,280 --> 00:00:04,279 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff You Missed in History Class, a production 2 00:00:04,360 --> 00:00:13,440 Speaker 1: of I Heart Radio. Hello, and welcome to the podcast. 3 00:00:13,480 --> 00:00:17,040 Speaker 1: I'm Holly Fry and I'm Tracy V. Wilson, and today 4 00:00:17,120 --> 00:00:20,040 Speaker 1: we're going to talk about Maria Anna Mozart, who went 5 00:00:20,120 --> 00:00:24,880 Speaker 1: by the neural Marianna Mariandel within the family, but she 6 00:00:24,920 --> 00:00:27,560 Speaker 1: has often kind of left out of if you read 7 00:00:27,600 --> 00:00:31,360 Speaker 1: a brief account of her brother's life, every biographical sketch 8 00:00:31,880 --> 00:00:35,320 Speaker 1: of Wolfgang Mozart mentions that he was a touring musician 9 00:00:35,360 --> 00:00:37,680 Speaker 1: when he was still a child. A lot of those 10 00:00:37,760 --> 00:00:40,839 Speaker 1: neglect to mention that his sister was literally sitting on 11 00:00:40,880 --> 00:00:44,160 Speaker 1: the bench with him and was also considered an accomplished 12 00:00:44,240 --> 00:00:48,040 Speaker 1: musician and uh, you know, a genius of her age. 13 00:00:49,280 --> 00:00:52,479 Speaker 1: Her biography kind of gets pieced together by looking at 14 00:00:52,479 --> 00:00:56,480 Speaker 1: the documentation of Wolfgang's life. She left some diaries, but 15 00:00:56,560 --> 00:00:59,960 Speaker 1: not really anything that's like a comprehensive account of either 16 00:01:00,000 --> 00:01:02,040 Speaker 1: are the events of her life or her thoughts and 17 00:01:02,080 --> 00:01:04,840 Speaker 1: feelings about them. We'll talk about several points in the 18 00:01:04,840 --> 00:01:06,600 Speaker 1: show where there are big things that happen that we 19 00:01:06,640 --> 00:01:10,319 Speaker 1: don't really understand what the logic was or the discussion 20 00:01:10,360 --> 00:01:13,040 Speaker 1: that led to them. Um there are some letters also 21 00:01:13,040 --> 00:01:15,640 Speaker 1: written by a number of family members, including her brother 22 00:01:15,680 --> 00:01:19,800 Speaker 1: and father, both too and mentioning Maria Anna. And some 23 00:01:19,920 --> 00:01:23,040 Speaker 1: records also remain, like public records, birth records, etcetera, as 24 00:01:23,080 --> 00:01:26,080 Speaker 1: well as mentions in papers of the day or diaries 25 00:01:26,120 --> 00:01:28,840 Speaker 1: of people who saw her perform as a girl. And 26 00:01:28,880 --> 00:01:30,840 Speaker 1: I want to make one note on her name because 27 00:01:30,920 --> 00:01:33,920 Speaker 1: you will often see her referred to by her nickname 28 00:01:34,040 --> 00:01:36,840 Speaker 1: of Nenural when people are talking about her life story. 29 00:01:37,319 --> 00:01:39,520 Speaker 1: But that was really a name that was reserved for 30 00:01:39,640 --> 00:01:42,440 Speaker 1: family and close friends. So Tracy and I decided we 31 00:01:42,480 --> 00:01:43,920 Speaker 1: are not going that route. We are going to be 32 00:01:43,959 --> 00:01:47,560 Speaker 1: sticking with calling her Maria Anna for today's show. So 33 00:01:47,640 --> 00:01:51,920 Speaker 1: Maria Anna was born Maria Anna Valpurga Ignacia Mozart on 34 00:01:52,000 --> 00:01:56,920 Speaker 1: July thirty one of seventeen fifty one in Salzburg and 35 00:01:57,120 --> 00:02:00,320 Speaker 1: her mother on A. Maria had grown up in pretty 36 00:02:00,440 --> 00:02:05,080 Speaker 1: Her father, Leopold Mozart, was a musician. That was not 37 00:02:05,120 --> 00:02:07,440 Speaker 1: what his family had wanted him to do. They had 38 00:02:07,440 --> 00:02:11,080 Speaker 1: wanted him to enter the priesthood, and when Marianna was born, 39 00:02:11,120 --> 00:02:15,120 Speaker 1: he was still estranged from his mother over his choice. 40 00:02:15,160 --> 00:02:18,560 Speaker 1: In this. Leopold and Anna Maria had a total of 41 00:02:18,639 --> 00:02:22,720 Speaker 1: seven children, including Maria Anna and her very famous brother Wolfgang, 42 00:02:23,120 --> 00:02:25,680 Speaker 1: but the other five children all died when they were 43 00:02:25,720 --> 00:02:29,560 Speaker 1: still babies. When Maria was eight, Leopold started giving her 44 00:02:29,600 --> 00:02:33,320 Speaker 1: harpsichord lessons, and she was really good. She developed what 45 00:02:33,400 --> 00:02:37,720 Speaker 1: was called a perfect technique, and her brother Wolfgang would 46 00:02:37,720 --> 00:02:40,200 Speaker 1: have been about three at this point. He often sat 47 00:02:40,240 --> 00:02:42,600 Speaker 1: next to her and watched and listened as she was 48 00:02:42,720 --> 00:02:46,959 Speaker 1: learning and playing. The two of them were very close, 49 00:02:47,440 --> 00:02:50,160 Speaker 1: and they're said to have invented kind of an imaginary 50 00:02:50,240 --> 00:02:54,400 Speaker 1: kingdom for themselves. Yeah, there's a whole story there about 51 00:02:54,400 --> 00:02:58,120 Speaker 1: their imaginative life that is largely extrapolation because they were children, 52 00:02:58,160 --> 00:03:00,520 Speaker 1: not recording this in any sort of formal way, but 53 00:03:01,120 --> 00:03:04,000 Speaker 1: people love to talk about it. And once Maria Anna 54 00:03:04,440 --> 00:03:08,720 Speaker 1: started taking harp score lessons from her father, little brother Wolfgang, 55 00:03:08,800 --> 00:03:11,440 Speaker 1: who adored his sister and sat next to her on 56 00:03:11,480 --> 00:03:14,079 Speaker 1: the bench, as Tracy just said, while she took these lessons, 57 00:03:14,720 --> 00:03:18,720 Speaker 1: soon started playing as well to emulate her. And there's 58 00:03:18,760 --> 00:03:21,440 Speaker 1: a music book where their father, Leopold had been keeping 59 00:03:21,440 --> 00:03:25,320 Speaker 1: notes on Maria Anna's progress, and he started including in 60 00:03:25,360 --> 00:03:29,200 Speaker 1: that notebook mentions of his son's aptitude as well as 61 00:03:29,240 --> 00:03:33,079 Speaker 1: Maria Anna's progress. That notebook, Incidentally, at least what is 62 00:03:33,160 --> 00:03:36,119 Speaker 1: left of it, is a museum piece today, known colloquially 63 00:03:36,200 --> 00:03:39,360 Speaker 1: as than a neural not in book. It's more accurate 64 00:03:39,400 --> 00:03:42,200 Speaker 1: to describe it as museum pieces plural, as there are 65 00:03:42,280 --> 00:03:45,320 Speaker 1: pages from it in museums around the globe, although the 66 00:03:45,320 --> 00:03:48,800 Speaker 1: bulk of it is still in Salzburg. The notebook contained 67 00:03:48,880 --> 00:03:52,120 Speaker 1: some compositions that were written for Maria Anna's study by 68 00:03:52,120 --> 00:03:54,920 Speaker 1: her father, as well as pieces written by a very 69 00:03:54,960 --> 00:03:58,760 Speaker 1: young Mozart and pieces written by additional composers that have 70 00:03:58,880 --> 00:04:03,360 Speaker 1: not been conclusively identified. Wolfgang was pretty quick at picking 71 00:04:03,400 --> 00:04:06,360 Speaker 1: up on his sister's lessons, so Leopold decided to teach 72 00:04:06,440 --> 00:04:09,800 Speaker 1: him as well. He started learning through his own formal 73 00:04:09,920 --> 00:04:12,680 Speaker 1: lessons at the age of five. This meant that he 74 00:04:12,720 --> 00:04:15,840 Speaker 1: was getting lessons from his father and undoubtedly helped from 75 00:04:15,880 --> 00:04:19,240 Speaker 1: his sister as well, in effect having a private tutor 76 00:04:19,320 --> 00:04:22,600 Speaker 1: in addition to having a teacher. Yeah, one article I 77 00:04:22,640 --> 00:04:25,760 Speaker 1: was reading about this was talking about how beneficial this 78 00:04:25,839 --> 00:04:29,279 Speaker 1: probably was to his development, because not only did he 79 00:04:29,320 --> 00:04:31,880 Speaker 1: have someone who could explain all of the lessons in 80 00:04:32,040 --> 00:04:35,000 Speaker 1: kids speak to him, but it was someone he trusted 81 00:04:35,040 --> 00:04:38,360 Speaker 1: that had just done those lessons, and it probably really 82 00:04:38,400 --> 00:04:41,440 Speaker 1: gave him like an extra boost in terms of learning quickly. 83 00:04:41,920 --> 00:04:44,719 Speaker 1: When Maria Anna was eleven and Volfgang was six, the 84 00:04:44,760 --> 00:04:49,919 Speaker 1: two children began playing together for audiences. Maximilian the third Joseph, 85 00:04:49,920 --> 00:04:52,400 Speaker 1: Elector of Bavaria was one of the first people to 86 00:04:52,480 --> 00:04:55,440 Speaker 1: hear this duo play at a private performance in Munich. 87 00:04:56,120 --> 00:05:00,040 Speaker 1: Another attendee, Count Karl von Zinzendorff, noted this of in 88 00:05:00,480 --> 00:05:04,080 Speaker 1: his diary The Tiny Boy with the Big Personality. He 89 00:05:04,160 --> 00:05:07,640 Speaker 1: noted as playing quote marvelous lee, and the Count wrote 90 00:05:07,640 --> 00:05:11,760 Speaker 1: that quote his sister's playing is masterly. This was really 91 00:05:11,800 --> 00:05:15,479 Speaker 1: the beginning of a career as child performers. For the 92 00:05:15,520 --> 00:05:18,760 Speaker 1: next three years, the Mozart siblings and their parents were 93 00:05:18,800 --> 00:05:22,000 Speaker 1: on tour and they played in eighty eight different cities. 94 00:05:23,000 --> 00:05:26,159 Speaker 1: Considering that this was in the eighteenth century, this involved 95 00:05:26,240 --> 00:05:31,839 Speaker 1: just arduous travel. Yeah. This was not like a really glamorous, 96 00:05:31,880 --> 00:05:35,359 Speaker 1: sexy music tour where they got to stay at great 97 00:05:35,400 --> 00:05:40,080 Speaker 1: places and they were in you know, private, beautiful um 98 00:05:40,120 --> 00:05:43,400 Speaker 1: traveling conveyances. This was really hard work. So when you 99 00:05:43,440 --> 00:05:46,719 Speaker 1: consider two kids being kind of carted all over Europe 100 00:05:46,720 --> 00:05:48,400 Speaker 1: in that way, that's a lot to put children through. 101 00:05:49,480 --> 00:05:52,960 Speaker 1: In seventeen sixty four, Leopold Mozart wrote a letter about 102 00:05:53,000 --> 00:05:55,280 Speaker 1: his daughter, who was twelve at the time, and after 103 00:05:55,320 --> 00:05:58,680 Speaker 1: a long recounting of her various feats that her talent 104 00:05:58,800 --> 00:06:02,040 Speaker 1: enabled her to perform as a musician, he summated with quote, 105 00:06:02,320 --> 00:06:05,119 Speaker 1: what it all amounts to is this that my little girl, 106 00:06:05,200 --> 00:06:07,680 Speaker 1: although she is only twelve years old, is one of 107 00:06:07,720 --> 00:06:11,159 Speaker 1: the most skillful players in Europe. It was during this 108 00:06:11,320 --> 00:06:15,680 Speaker 1: first multi year tour that Wolfgang wrote his first symphony. 109 00:06:15,800 --> 00:06:18,680 Speaker 1: The family was in London at the time. Leopold was 110 00:06:18,760 --> 00:06:23,000 Speaker 1: ill and the children were forbidden from playing instruments. Their 111 00:06:23,000 --> 00:06:25,360 Speaker 1: mother did not want them to disturb their father, so 112 00:06:25,400 --> 00:06:28,480 Speaker 1: they sat down with pen and paper. Maria Anna took 113 00:06:28,560 --> 00:06:32,280 Speaker 1: dictation of Symphony number one in E Flatin major, which 114 00:06:32,320 --> 00:06:36,159 Speaker 1: is listed in the Colhole catalog as K sixteen. Whether 115 00:06:36,279 --> 00:06:39,120 Speaker 1: or not Maria Anna offered any kind of collaboration on 116 00:06:39,160 --> 00:06:43,240 Speaker 1: this piece is really not known. Yeah, some speculation happens 117 00:06:43,240 --> 00:06:46,440 Speaker 1: around that, but we'll never really know. So the Mozart 118 00:06:46,520 --> 00:06:50,000 Speaker 1: kids toured together until seventeen sixty nine, and the end 119 00:06:50,040 --> 00:06:52,800 Speaker 1: of their time as a performing duo was brought about 120 00:06:52,839 --> 00:06:57,000 Speaker 1: by Maria's eighteenth birthday. She had actually stopped touring when 121 00:06:57,040 --> 00:06:59,080 Speaker 1: she was still sixteen because the family was taking a 122 00:06:59,120 --> 00:07:01,080 Speaker 1: little bit of break for all of this travel that 123 00:07:01,160 --> 00:07:04,560 Speaker 1: we just mentioned was really very taxing. But after reaching 124 00:07:04,560 --> 00:07:08,120 Speaker 1: a team, she was considered marriageable. And while it was 125 00:07:08,200 --> 00:07:10,559 Speaker 1: fine for a girl to be touring with her brother, 126 00:07:11,040 --> 00:07:13,480 Speaker 1: it would have been unseemly for a young woman to 127 00:07:13,520 --> 00:07:16,360 Speaker 1: continue doing it, and it may have diminished her chances 128 00:07:16,400 --> 00:07:20,080 Speaker 1: to ever get married. So Leopold decided that she should 129 00:07:20,080 --> 00:07:23,200 Speaker 1: stay in Salzburg while he continued to tour with Volfgang, 130 00:07:23,240 --> 00:07:26,760 Speaker 1: who he famously called quote the miracle which God let 131 00:07:26,840 --> 00:07:30,600 Speaker 1: be born in Salzburg. So, to be clear, there was 132 00:07:30,720 --> 00:07:34,520 Speaker 1: no groom waiting to marry Maria Anna. She just was 133 00:07:34,640 --> 00:07:38,680 Speaker 1: moved out of the spotlight. Regardless of her talent and 134 00:07:38,720 --> 00:07:42,440 Speaker 1: her skill, any kind of performing work she might have 135 00:07:42,560 --> 00:07:45,840 Speaker 1: been doing would have been a potential scandal that was, 136 00:07:45,880 --> 00:07:48,720 Speaker 1: of course, simply not an issue for her male sibling. 137 00:07:49,360 --> 00:07:52,760 Speaker 1: There have been some additional theories about Leopold's decision to 138 00:07:52,800 --> 00:07:56,000 Speaker 1: send his talented daughter home while continuing to trot his 139 00:07:56,040 --> 00:07:59,840 Speaker 1: son around Europe. There's a distinct difference in how Leopold 140 00:08:00,160 --> 00:08:03,520 Speaker 1: encouraged people to infantilize his son as part of the 141 00:08:03,560 --> 00:08:06,400 Speaker 1: packaging of his talent for the stage. I mean, even 142 00:08:06,440 --> 00:08:09,800 Speaker 1: today people think of Mozart as a child prodigy. He 143 00:08:09,960 --> 00:08:13,520 Speaker 1: very clearly though, flipped his own mental switch regarding Maria Anna. 144 00:08:14,040 --> 00:08:17,200 Speaker 1: She was now an adult. Well, her brother continued to be, 145 00:08:17,240 --> 00:08:21,320 Speaker 1: in his mind a child. Yeah, Maria Anna composed music 146 00:08:21,400 --> 00:08:23,800 Speaker 1: during this time while she lived at home. Her brother 147 00:08:23,840 --> 00:08:26,640 Speaker 1: actually wrote her a letter praising her work and encouraging 148 00:08:26,640 --> 00:08:30,520 Speaker 1: her to keep going. But unfortunately we have no surviving 149 00:08:30,560 --> 00:08:33,439 Speaker 1: record of her compositions. It's not something that she pursued, 150 00:08:33,520 --> 00:08:36,120 Speaker 1: certainly at the level of her brother. And we also 151 00:08:36,160 --> 00:08:38,760 Speaker 1: don't know what Leopold thought of the pieces that maria 152 00:08:38,800 --> 00:08:41,680 Speaker 1: Anna composed. He did not mention it ever in any 153 00:08:41,720 --> 00:08:45,080 Speaker 1: of his writing. Although brother and sister were separated a 154 00:08:45,080 --> 00:08:48,240 Speaker 1: lot of the time, they still remained very close. Either 155 00:08:48,320 --> 00:08:51,199 Speaker 1: their mother or their father would tour with Wolfgang and 156 00:08:51,280 --> 00:08:53,880 Speaker 1: then Maria Anna would stay home with the other parents. 157 00:08:54,640 --> 00:08:58,040 Speaker 1: Two siblings wrote letters, and their relationship in these letters 158 00:08:58,040 --> 00:09:00,760 Speaker 1: as one of a lot of teasing and Jaz he 159 00:09:00,880 --> 00:09:03,480 Speaker 1: likes to call her horse space and tease her about 160 00:09:03,480 --> 00:09:06,280 Speaker 1: the young men who were interested in her. He also 161 00:09:06,320 --> 00:09:10,079 Speaker 1: talks about her horrible singing, while also praising her as 162 00:09:10,080 --> 00:09:12,680 Speaker 1: a queen. The two of them really shared a love 163 00:09:12,720 --> 00:09:16,000 Speaker 1: of theater and music, and Wolfgang wrote music that he 164 00:09:16,120 --> 00:09:19,319 Speaker 1: dedicated to his sister. In a moment, we're going to 165 00:09:19,400 --> 00:09:21,880 Speaker 1: talk about a period of years where a lot of 166 00:09:22,000 --> 00:09:25,079 Speaker 1: changes happened for the family. But first we're gonna stop 167 00:09:25,080 --> 00:09:34,560 Speaker 1: and we're going to take a quick sponsor break. In 168 00:09:34,679 --> 00:09:38,959 Speaker 1: seventy eight, Maria Anna and Wolf's mother, Anna Maria died. 169 00:09:39,559 --> 00:09:43,720 Speaker 1: This was a sudden tragedy. She was in Paris with Wolfgang, 170 00:09:43,800 --> 00:09:45,880 Speaker 1: who had resigned from his job working as a court 171 00:09:45,960 --> 00:09:48,840 Speaker 1: musician in Salzburg was something he had been very unhappy 172 00:09:48,840 --> 00:09:50,960 Speaker 1: with for a while, and he was looking for more 173 00:09:51,040 --> 00:09:54,080 Speaker 1: lucrative employment. And while he and his mother were in 174 00:09:54,160 --> 00:09:58,720 Speaker 1: Paris chasing down possible job leads, Anna Maria became sick 175 00:09:58,840 --> 00:10:03,160 Speaker 1: and she died on July third, seventeen seventy eight. Volfgang 176 00:10:03,280 --> 00:10:06,040 Speaker 1: stayed in Paris until September and then moved on to 177 00:10:06,160 --> 00:10:09,120 Speaker 1: Mannheim and Munich while his father lobbied for him to 178 00:10:09,160 --> 00:10:12,880 Speaker 1: be given a better job in court. Back in Salzburg, 179 00:10:13,120 --> 00:10:16,920 Speaker 1: Leopold really wanted the family all back together. After Anna 180 00:10:16,960 --> 00:10:20,720 Speaker 1: Maria's death, Leopold relied on Maria Anna as the woman 181 00:10:20,720 --> 00:10:23,720 Speaker 1: of the household. She took care of the home, managed 182 00:10:23,760 --> 00:10:26,920 Speaker 1: his schedule of students at any meetings he had. She 183 00:10:27,000 --> 00:10:29,880 Speaker 1: also taught piano lessons herself to bring in some additional 184 00:10:29,920 --> 00:10:32,480 Speaker 1: money for the family. She had been doing a lot 185 00:10:32,559 --> 00:10:35,800 Speaker 1: of these tasks already whenever Anna Maria would be traveling 186 00:10:35,800 --> 00:10:40,079 Speaker 1: with Wolfgang, but they became entirely her responsibility once her 187 00:10:40,080 --> 00:10:43,760 Speaker 1: father had been widowed in seventeen eighty one. After moving 188 00:10:43,840 --> 00:10:48,400 Speaker 1: to Vienna, Volfgang became involved with Constanza viber and when 189 00:10:48,480 --> 00:10:50,640 Speaker 1: rumors arose that the two were going to be married, 190 00:10:51,360 --> 00:10:54,520 Speaker 1: Wolfgang initially denied it to his father because he knew 191 00:10:54,559 --> 00:10:57,200 Speaker 1: he was going to disapprove, but the two of them 192 00:10:57,280 --> 00:11:00,079 Speaker 1: did get married in August of seventeen eighty two, and 193 00:11:00,200 --> 00:11:04,160 Speaker 1: Leopold eventually did give his blessing, although apparently the word 194 00:11:04,200 --> 00:11:06,560 Speaker 1: that he was okay with the marriage arrived the day 195 00:11:06,600 --> 00:11:08,319 Speaker 1: after the weddings, so they were going to do it 196 00:11:08,400 --> 00:11:11,959 Speaker 1: either way. The friction over the marriage, as well as 197 00:11:11,960 --> 00:11:14,520 Speaker 1: a lot of conflicts that had developed over the choices 198 00:11:14,559 --> 00:11:17,520 Speaker 1: of Gang, was making with his career had kind of 199 00:11:17,559 --> 00:11:21,079 Speaker 1: taken a toll on the father son relationship. Wolf Gang 200 00:11:21,080 --> 00:11:25,400 Speaker 1: and his new wife Constant's, visited Salzburg in seventy three, 201 00:11:25,640 --> 00:11:27,679 Speaker 1: and this marks the beginning of a shift in the 202 00:11:27,840 --> 00:11:32,480 Speaker 1: sibling relationship that's been characterized really differently by different historians. 203 00:11:33,120 --> 00:11:36,640 Speaker 1: It seems that after this time, Wolfgang and Maria Anna 204 00:11:36,800 --> 00:11:39,160 Speaker 1: didn't really write to each other as often, they weren't 205 00:11:39,160 --> 00:11:42,480 Speaker 1: as actively involved in each other's lives, and in some 206 00:11:42,520 --> 00:11:45,959 Speaker 1: cases this has been pointed to as evidence that Maria Anna, 207 00:11:46,160 --> 00:11:50,079 Speaker 1: like their father Leopold, was not really enthusiastic about her 208 00:11:50,080 --> 00:11:53,480 Speaker 1: brother's new wife. The case can also be made, though, 209 00:11:53,480 --> 00:11:56,480 Speaker 1: that they were both reaching turning points in their lives 210 00:11:56,559 --> 00:11:59,679 Speaker 1: where their time were just occupied by other things, so 211 00:12:00,440 --> 00:12:03,439 Speaker 1: there may have been a rift between them, maybe not, 212 00:12:04,200 --> 00:12:09,480 Speaker 1: No evidence really exists. Yeah, it appears that probably something happened, 213 00:12:09,480 --> 00:12:11,839 Speaker 1: because it is kind of an abrupt gear shift, but 214 00:12:12,600 --> 00:12:16,240 Speaker 1: it's not clear what exactly may have taken place among them. 215 00:12:16,280 --> 00:12:18,840 Speaker 1: And we're about to get to Maria Anna's next big 216 00:12:18,960 --> 00:12:22,199 Speaker 1: change in life. But it's worth mentioning here that one 217 00:12:22,200 --> 00:12:25,240 Speaker 1: of the real tragedies of this drop off in communication 218 00:12:25,320 --> 00:12:29,040 Speaker 1: between brother and sister who had been so very very close, 219 00:12:29,160 --> 00:12:32,800 Speaker 1: meant that Maria Anna was completely unaware of the darker 220 00:12:32,840 --> 00:12:37,080 Speaker 1: periods that were happening in Wolfgang's life after this, several 221 00:12:37,160 --> 00:12:40,120 Speaker 1: years after his death, his sister read a biography of 222 00:12:40,160 --> 00:12:44,199 Speaker 1: her brother written by Czech music critic franzavereign Nemitic, which 223 00:12:44,320 --> 00:12:48,520 Speaker 1: revealed a great deal about her brother's difficulties with finances 224 00:12:48,600 --> 00:12:51,280 Speaker 1: and his mental health, and, according to her own account, 225 00:12:51,840 --> 00:12:54,240 Speaker 1: reading this for the first time moved her to tears. 226 00:12:54,960 --> 00:12:59,160 Speaker 1: While Wolfgang's romance with Constanza had been developing, Maria Anna 227 00:12:59,240 --> 00:13:01,720 Speaker 1: had also been folling in love. This was with an 228 00:13:01,840 --> 00:13:05,520 Speaker 1: educator named Franz Deepled, and the two of them also 229 00:13:05,559 --> 00:13:09,319 Speaker 1: wanted to get married, but as the story goes, Leopold 230 00:13:09,400 --> 00:13:11,840 Speaker 1: was not keen on this. This would have been in 231 00:13:11,920 --> 00:13:16,400 Speaker 1: part because Wolfgang had already disregarded his father's opinion and 232 00:13:16,480 --> 00:13:18,920 Speaker 1: married a woman that didn't come with a great fortune. 233 00:13:19,400 --> 00:13:23,520 Speaker 1: So Leopold was allegedly vehement that Maria Anna could not 234 00:13:23,760 --> 00:13:27,720 Speaker 1: similarly marry without creating some kind of financial cushion for 235 00:13:27,760 --> 00:13:31,400 Speaker 1: the family. Wolf And encouraged his sister to go after 236 00:13:31,440 --> 00:13:34,240 Speaker 1: what she wanted and to follow her heart in these matters. 237 00:13:34,280 --> 00:13:37,040 Speaker 1: And there's some doubt about this version of the story 238 00:13:37,080 --> 00:13:39,800 Speaker 1: because there's also not really any evidence to back it up. 239 00:13:40,320 --> 00:13:43,760 Speaker 1: So we don't know with any certainty how or why 240 00:13:44,040 --> 00:13:51,640 Speaker 1: the romance between Maria Anna and Franz. Ended. But it did. Yeah, yeah, yeah, 241 00:13:51,720 --> 00:13:55,480 Speaker 1: Maria Anna did get married, but not to Franz. She 242 00:13:55,600 --> 00:13:57,760 Speaker 1: had a lot of admirers, We should be clear. It 243 00:13:57,800 --> 00:14:00,120 Speaker 1: wasn't like she was a quiet spinster that no one 244 00:14:00,200 --> 00:14:02,920 Speaker 1: paid attention to. A lot of men were very interested 245 00:14:02,960 --> 00:14:05,640 Speaker 1: in her. But the man that she married was Johann 246 00:14:05,880 --> 00:14:10,640 Speaker 1: Baptiste von Berchtold Dusaunberg in seventeen eighty four. And this 247 00:14:10,720 --> 00:14:13,800 Speaker 1: was a marriage that made sense to Maria Anna's father, 248 00:14:13,880 --> 00:14:18,640 Speaker 1: Leopold anyway, who chose his daughter's husband for her. Berchtold 249 00:14:18,760 --> 00:14:21,560 Speaker 1: was a sensible choice on paper. He was a magistrate 250 00:14:21,600 --> 00:14:24,320 Speaker 1: of social standing and he was a widower twice over. 251 00:14:25,000 --> 00:14:27,640 Speaker 1: Maria Anna was thirty three at the time and kind 252 00:14:27,640 --> 00:14:29,880 Speaker 1: of getting past the age where she would be considered 253 00:14:29,880 --> 00:14:34,040 Speaker 1: a good candidate for marriage. Berchtold was forty seven, and 254 00:14:34,120 --> 00:14:39,800 Speaker 1: most importantly, he was financially stable. Berchtold had five children already, 255 00:14:39,960 --> 00:14:43,040 Speaker 1: and maria Anna took on the task of raising them. 256 00:14:43,120 --> 00:14:47,400 Speaker 1: She and Johan had three more children together, Leopold Aloys 257 00:14:47,480 --> 00:14:52,040 Speaker 1: Pantaleon born in seve and then two daughters, Jeannette in 258 00:14:52,080 --> 00:14:56,040 Speaker 1: seventeen eighty nine and Maria Babette in seventeen ninety, but 259 00:14:56,200 --> 00:14:59,800 Speaker 1: Maria Babbett died in infancy. Once Maria Anna became a 260 00:15:00,000 --> 00:15:03,600 Speaker 1: if she was occupied entirely as a parent and a homemaker, 261 00:15:04,120 --> 00:15:06,720 Speaker 1: she had moved to San Gilgen, where Berkto had lived, 262 00:15:06,760 --> 00:15:09,240 Speaker 1: which meant that she had left Salzburg in her entire 263 00:15:09,280 --> 00:15:13,240 Speaker 1: life behind. Today you can take a train from Salzburg 264 00:15:13,280 --> 00:15:15,480 Speaker 1: to send Gilgan and it only takes about half an 265 00:15:15,480 --> 00:15:18,280 Speaker 1: hour to travel the twenty eight point two kilometers or 266 00:15:18,480 --> 00:15:22,000 Speaker 1: roughly seventeen miles. But in the seventeen eighties that trip 267 00:15:22,040 --> 00:15:24,960 Speaker 1: took like six hours, and to Maria on a it 268 00:15:25,040 --> 00:15:27,160 Speaker 1: just seemed like she was stuck in the middle of nowhere. 269 00:15:27,760 --> 00:15:30,760 Speaker 1: When Maria Anna was living in Sanden with her husband 270 00:15:30,800 --> 00:15:34,680 Speaker 1: and children, Wulfagang sent her all of its piano concertos 271 00:15:34,760 --> 00:15:37,120 Speaker 1: and she made copies of them be those they're in 272 00:15:37,160 --> 00:15:41,160 Speaker 1: the music archive in St. Peter's Abbey in Salzburg today. 273 00:15:41,280 --> 00:15:44,080 Speaker 1: While she wasn't teaching or pursuing a career as a 274 00:15:44,160 --> 00:15:47,320 Speaker 1: musician at this time, she still wanted these pieces so 275 00:15:47,360 --> 00:15:49,760 Speaker 1: that she could play them at home, which I find 276 00:15:49,760 --> 00:15:52,840 Speaker 1: to be very sweet. It is, and thank goodness because 277 00:15:52,880 --> 00:15:55,600 Speaker 1: those copies that she made are like some of the 278 00:15:55,640 --> 00:15:59,800 Speaker 1: only copies of those pieces that existed for a long time. UH. 279 00:16:00,000 --> 00:16:02,440 Speaker 1: And when she turned them over to the St. Peter's 280 00:16:02,440 --> 00:16:07,920 Speaker 1: Abbey archive. Uh, they basically have been safeguarding them ever since. UH. 281 00:16:07,960 --> 00:16:10,600 Speaker 1: And we need to go back to talking about Maria 282 00:16:10,640 --> 00:16:15,760 Speaker 1: Anna's children, specifically her firstborn. So she traveled to Salzburg 283 00:16:15,800 --> 00:16:20,960 Speaker 1: for the birth, and on July Leopold's grandson was born, 284 00:16:21,080 --> 00:16:24,360 Speaker 1: and of course named after him, and we're calling him 285 00:16:24,440 --> 00:16:28,640 Speaker 1: Leopold's grandson. They're quite purposely because when Maria Anna left 286 00:16:28,680 --> 00:16:32,360 Speaker 1: Salzburg and returned home six weeks after giving birth, the 287 00:16:32,440 --> 00:16:36,400 Speaker 1: baby did not travel with her. Leopold Mozart stated that 288 00:16:36,440 --> 00:16:38,480 Speaker 1: he would like the baby to stay with him for 289 00:16:38,520 --> 00:16:42,560 Speaker 1: the first few months, so little Leopold lived with his 290 00:16:42,640 --> 00:16:45,600 Speaker 1: grandfather and was cared for by him and several maids 291 00:16:45,600 --> 00:16:48,880 Speaker 1: who worked in the home. In seventeen eighty six, the 292 00:16:48,960 --> 00:16:52,880 Speaker 1: elder Leopold stated that he wanted this arrangement to be indefinite, 293 00:16:53,040 --> 00:16:57,160 Speaker 1: and Maria Anna accepted that. The reasons for this arrangement 294 00:16:57,480 --> 00:17:00,360 Speaker 1: have really garnered a lot of speculation, but nobody knows 295 00:17:00,480 --> 00:17:03,440 Speaker 1: for sure what kind of discussions went on or what 296 00:17:03,680 --> 00:17:08,000 Speaker 1: understanding passed between the elder Leopold and his daughter. It's 297 00:17:08,119 --> 00:17:12,399 Speaker 1: obvious that Maria Anna was really incredibly obedient to her father, 298 00:17:12,760 --> 00:17:16,159 Speaker 1: and that included everything from giving up her musical career 299 00:17:16,240 --> 00:17:21,360 Speaker 1: to marrying her father's selected groom, and so do some biographers. 300 00:17:22,000 --> 00:17:25,159 Speaker 1: Letting him raise her son just seems like another aspect 301 00:17:25,200 --> 00:17:28,600 Speaker 1: of the ways that Leopold was controlling her life. Yeah, 302 00:17:28,600 --> 00:17:31,600 Speaker 1: it's a very complicated relationship, and that certainly may have 303 00:17:31,680 --> 00:17:35,320 Speaker 1: been an aspect of it, but there are multiple factors 304 00:17:35,359 --> 00:17:39,800 Speaker 1: that may have also influenced this situation. For one, Leopold 305 00:17:39,920 --> 00:17:42,560 Speaker 1: the elder at this point, was despondent at the loss 306 00:17:42,560 --> 00:17:45,880 Speaker 1: of influence over his son's life. He kind of felt 307 00:17:45,920 --> 00:17:49,399 Speaker 1: abandoned by Wolfgang, and Maria Anna may have acquiesced to 308 00:17:49,440 --> 00:17:52,359 Speaker 1: her father's desire to raise her child as a means 309 00:17:52,400 --> 00:17:55,960 Speaker 1: to help him cope with his sadness. Marianna had also 310 00:17:56,000 --> 00:17:58,720 Speaker 1: been her father's caretaker after her mother's death, and she 311 00:17:58,800 --> 00:18:00,840 Speaker 1: may have seen turning her on over to him as 312 00:18:00,840 --> 00:18:03,679 Speaker 1: a way to soothe him, maybe helped smooth over the 313 00:18:03,760 --> 00:18:07,160 Speaker 1: rift between father and son with the introduction of a baby, 314 00:18:07,320 --> 00:18:09,919 Speaker 1: and also to offer her father someone to keep him 315 00:18:09,960 --> 00:18:12,359 Speaker 1: company now that she was also moved out and living 316 00:18:12,359 --> 00:18:14,760 Speaker 1: on her own. She also may have just felt that 317 00:18:14,800 --> 00:18:17,920 Speaker 1: with five children at home already, her son would be 318 00:18:17,920 --> 00:18:22,040 Speaker 1: better off and get more attention with his grandfather. It's 319 00:18:22,160 --> 00:18:24,800 Speaker 1: very possible that marian Anna, who found life in San 320 00:18:24,920 --> 00:18:28,119 Speaker 1: Gilgan's just be too remote, thought that having a direct 321 00:18:28,240 --> 00:18:31,680 Speaker 1: tie to Salzburg would get her to go home more 322 00:18:31,720 --> 00:18:34,040 Speaker 1: often than she had been really able to do before 323 00:18:34,080 --> 00:18:37,679 Speaker 1: her son was born. Yeah, and uh, little Lampold was 324 00:18:37,720 --> 00:18:40,080 Speaker 1: also sick when he was first born, but he did recover. 325 00:18:40,320 --> 00:18:42,840 Speaker 1: So there are some theories that like it was because 326 00:18:42,880 --> 00:18:44,920 Speaker 1: the baby was sick and she didn't want to take 327 00:18:45,000 --> 00:18:48,879 Speaker 1: him home on the trip, but clearly her dad really 328 00:18:48,920 --> 00:18:52,440 Speaker 1: wanted to keep this child. But all of these reasons 329 00:18:52,480 --> 00:18:55,880 Speaker 1: about it are still speculation that various historians have put 330 00:18:55,920 --> 00:18:58,080 Speaker 1: forward over the years. But there is one thing that 331 00:18:58,160 --> 00:19:02,280 Speaker 1: is incredibly clear, and that is that Leopold Mozart genuinely 332 00:19:02,359 --> 00:19:07,600 Speaker 1: adored his grandson. He wrote Marianna detailed missives describing the 333 00:19:07,640 --> 00:19:10,919 Speaker 1: baby's development and gross. He gave her updates on his health, 334 00:19:11,320 --> 00:19:13,600 Speaker 1: and he also talked about what a solace this child 335 00:19:13,800 --> 00:19:16,920 Speaker 1: was to him. And another aspect of this whole very 336 00:19:17,000 --> 00:19:20,720 Speaker 1: unusual situation that has been speculated on was whether or 337 00:19:20,720 --> 00:19:23,919 Speaker 1: not Leopold Mozart thought that he could train his grandson 338 00:19:24,040 --> 00:19:27,920 Speaker 1: to be another child prodigy like Wolfgang, and he did 339 00:19:28,119 --> 00:19:31,600 Speaker 1: start giving the child very early music training before he 340 00:19:31,640 --> 00:19:34,280 Speaker 1: was even a toddler. In just a moment, we'll talk 341 00:19:34,320 --> 00:19:37,280 Speaker 1: about how the situation ended, but first we'll have a 342 00:19:37,280 --> 00:19:40,639 Speaker 1: word from sponsors who keeps stuffy miss and history class going. 343 00:19:48,560 --> 00:19:51,920 Speaker 1: Maria Anna's arrangement regarding her father and her son went 344 00:19:51,960 --> 00:19:54,520 Speaker 1: on for two years and it ended when her father 345 00:19:54,640 --> 00:19:59,480 Speaker 1: Leopold died in and then two year old little Leopold 346 00:19:59,480 --> 00:20:01,639 Speaker 1: went to say Gilgen to live with his parents and 347 00:20:01,680 --> 00:20:05,879 Speaker 1: step siblings. Leopold's death sparked a minor conflict in the family, 348 00:20:06,040 --> 00:20:09,560 Speaker 1: as doth softened do. This has often been characterized as 349 00:20:09,560 --> 00:20:12,320 Speaker 1: a fight between the Mozart siblings over how the estate 350 00:20:12,359 --> 00:20:16,159 Speaker 1: would be handled. Volfgang asked for an exact copy of 351 00:20:16,200 --> 00:20:18,359 Speaker 1: the will. Some people point to that and say because 352 00:20:18,400 --> 00:20:20,520 Speaker 1: he didn't trust maria Anna to tell him what was 353 00:20:20,560 --> 00:20:23,440 Speaker 1: in it. We don't know, though, and Wolfgang thought that 354 00:20:23,480 --> 00:20:26,760 Speaker 1: they were settled on selling the most valuable assets of 355 00:20:26,880 --> 00:20:29,760 Speaker 1: their father's estate and splitting the money. But Marie Anna 356 00:20:30,040 --> 00:20:32,719 Speaker 1: didn't think that Wolfgang should get any of it. So 357 00:20:32,840 --> 00:20:36,439 Speaker 1: for Wolfgang that's really stung. His sister had married a 358 00:20:36,440 --> 00:20:39,879 Speaker 1: man of means, she really wanted for nothing. He, on 359 00:20:39,920 --> 00:20:43,159 Speaker 1: the other hand, struggled financially to support his family, in 360 00:20:43,280 --> 00:20:46,240 Speaker 1: part because he was not great at managing his finances. 361 00:20:46,280 --> 00:20:51,080 Speaker 1: But the real friction appears to have been between Wolfgang 362 00:20:51,119 --> 00:20:54,600 Speaker 1: and maria Anna's husband. Burke told who took over the 363 00:20:54,600 --> 00:20:59,879 Speaker 1: negotiations and then haggled over who got what the correspondence bet. 364 00:21:00,320 --> 00:21:03,679 Speaker 1: Wolfgang and maria Anna became really strained after that, and 365 00:21:03,720 --> 00:21:07,280 Speaker 1: then it stopped completely. Yeah, there's such a marked difference, 366 00:21:07,320 --> 00:21:10,800 Speaker 1: particularly if you watch the progression of their letters. Wolfgang's 367 00:21:10,880 --> 00:21:13,520 Speaker 1: letters to his sister, they're so florid when they're younger 368 00:21:13,560 --> 00:21:16,280 Speaker 1: and even into their early adulthood, and it's all about 369 00:21:16,280 --> 00:21:18,520 Speaker 1: how much he loves her and how great she is. 370 00:21:18,560 --> 00:21:21,760 Speaker 1: And after their mother died, he wrote this really beautiful 371 00:21:21,840 --> 00:21:24,040 Speaker 1: letter about how much he treasures his sister, and then 372 00:21:24,040 --> 00:21:27,720 Speaker 1: they kind of become very like Kurt and you know, 373 00:21:27,800 --> 00:21:30,119 Speaker 1: like here here the details you need to know about 374 00:21:30,119 --> 00:21:33,720 Speaker 1: what's going on. Thank you Wolfgang. And there's a suggestion 375 00:21:33,800 --> 00:21:36,359 Speaker 1: of why she thought that her brother has shouldn't have 376 00:21:36,400 --> 00:21:39,720 Speaker 1: any of the inheritance. It's not clear. It seems like 377 00:21:39,840 --> 00:21:42,520 Speaker 1: part of it is that she had been taking care 378 00:21:42,560 --> 00:21:45,240 Speaker 1: of the house and like managing all of that stuff, 379 00:21:45,280 --> 00:21:48,560 Speaker 1: whereas Wolfgang had gone off. Also, remember they weren't as close, 380 00:21:48,600 --> 00:21:51,639 Speaker 1: so I don't think she really realized how dire his 381 00:21:51,760 --> 00:21:58,600 Speaker 1: finances were. So it's a I'm telling you, uh will 382 00:21:58,680 --> 00:22:01,880 Speaker 1: will break up a family today, just as it did 383 00:22:01,880 --> 00:22:06,440 Speaker 1: the But this period was another really where the two 384 00:22:06,480 --> 00:22:09,159 Speaker 1: siblings likely had no idea that the other was struggling. 385 00:22:10,000 --> 00:22:13,000 Speaker 1: Maria Anna was without her father, who had continued to 386 00:22:13,040 --> 00:22:16,040 Speaker 1: be both a support and a controlling influence well into 387 00:22:16,119 --> 00:22:18,440 Speaker 1: her adult life and even after she was married, so 388 00:22:18,640 --> 00:22:20,760 Speaker 1: this is kind of the first time she's sort of 389 00:22:20,760 --> 00:22:23,719 Speaker 1: on her own, even though she has a husband. But really, 390 00:22:23,800 --> 00:22:27,439 Speaker 1: like Leopold was handling so much of her life up 391 00:22:27,480 --> 00:22:30,200 Speaker 1: to this point, and of course both Gang was nearing 392 00:22:30,240 --> 00:22:32,800 Speaker 1: the end of his short, intense life at the time 393 00:22:33,480 --> 00:22:38,520 Speaker 1: both gang Amineus Mozart died on December five. This was 394 00:22:38,560 --> 00:22:41,560 Speaker 1: after a period where both his physical and mental health 395 00:22:41,720 --> 00:22:46,160 Speaker 1: really declined, and his cause of death was recorded as 396 00:22:46,440 --> 00:22:50,359 Speaker 1: severe miliary fever. It was a name for a combination 397 00:22:50,400 --> 00:22:53,680 Speaker 1: of a high fever and a skin rash that resembled millet. 398 00:22:54,359 --> 00:22:58,480 Speaker 1: What he really died from has been hotly debated in 399 00:22:58,520 --> 00:23:01,280 Speaker 1: the centuries since then. You do not have to look 400 00:23:01,359 --> 00:23:05,040 Speaker 1: very hard to find all kinds of medical papers, all 401 00:23:05,080 --> 00:23:08,560 Speaker 1: speculating on various things the actual cause of death might 402 00:23:08,560 --> 00:23:13,359 Speaker 1: have been. Yeah. Also, uh, you know, keep in mind, 403 00:23:13,560 --> 00:23:18,040 Speaker 1: should you love the play or film on a dais 404 00:23:18,240 --> 00:23:24,040 Speaker 1: it's very good, uh, dramatized, just not not a source 405 00:23:24,080 --> 00:23:27,399 Speaker 1: of historical back. I was talking to someone about this 406 00:23:27,440 --> 00:23:29,240 Speaker 1: and they're like, yeah, the movie this, and I'm like, 407 00:23:29,320 --> 00:23:32,119 Speaker 1: I know, but that's in the movie. It's not uh, 408 00:23:32,240 --> 00:23:35,480 Speaker 1: this whole soliary thing not quite what that portrays. Makes 409 00:23:35,800 --> 00:23:39,520 Speaker 1: though it's a lovely play. Uh. Maria Anna wrote about 410 00:23:39,520 --> 00:23:43,520 Speaker 1: her brother in after his death for Frederick schlichtge Grohl, 411 00:23:43,640 --> 00:23:46,840 Speaker 1: who became the first biographer of Mozart. With a short 412 00:23:46,960 --> 00:23:49,840 Speaker 1: version of the Virtuoso's life story. This is kind of 413 00:23:49,840 --> 00:23:53,439 Speaker 1: an indirect assist that she gave. The request for Maria 414 00:23:53,440 --> 00:23:56,520 Speaker 1: on his writing had actually been made by Albert von Mulk, 415 00:23:56,600 --> 00:23:59,640 Speaker 1: who was a friend of the family. Von Mulk's involvement 416 00:23:59,680 --> 00:24:02,960 Speaker 1: in the project caused some confusion as well. What Maria 417 00:24:03,000 --> 00:24:06,199 Speaker 1: Anna didn't know was that after she handed her written 418 00:24:06,240 --> 00:24:09,679 Speaker 1: memories of her brother over to him, he added to 419 00:24:09,680 --> 00:24:11,520 Speaker 1: the work in a way that made it seem like 420 00:24:11,680 --> 00:24:14,560 Speaker 1: Maria Anna had a low opinion of her sister in 421 00:24:14,640 --> 00:24:17,400 Speaker 1: law Constanza and thought that she was not a suitable 422 00:24:17,400 --> 00:24:21,600 Speaker 1: match for her gifted brother. A closer examination years later, though, 423 00:24:21,760 --> 00:24:26,359 Speaker 1: revealed that that part was written in von Malk's handwriting. Yeah, 424 00:24:26,640 --> 00:24:29,159 Speaker 1: I don't I think it's safe to say that Maria 425 00:24:29,200 --> 00:24:33,480 Speaker 1: Anna and Constanza were never close, But I also don't 426 00:24:33,520 --> 00:24:37,760 Speaker 1: think she would have publicly said anything negative like that anyway. 427 00:24:38,200 --> 00:24:41,080 Speaker 1: But after her brother's death, Maria Anna in many ways 428 00:24:41,119 --> 00:24:43,960 Speaker 1: also became a steward of his legacy, and she ended 429 00:24:44,040 --> 00:24:48,520 Speaker 1: up working with Constanza in that regard. After Marianna's husband 430 00:24:48,640 --> 00:24:51,920 Speaker 1: Johann died in eighteen o one, she moved back to Salzburg, 431 00:24:52,160 --> 00:24:54,199 Speaker 1: and one of her occupations during this stage of her 432 00:24:54,240 --> 00:24:57,800 Speaker 1: life was actually helping publishers track down works from her 433 00:24:57,800 --> 00:25:01,080 Speaker 1: brother that had gone missing, and she also started offering 434 00:25:01,080 --> 00:25:06,000 Speaker 1: piano lessons once again. Eighteen years after Wolfgang's death, Constanza 435 00:25:06,160 --> 00:25:10,320 Speaker 1: remarried to George Nicolaus van Nissen, who she had known 436 00:25:10,359 --> 00:25:13,160 Speaker 1: for more than a decade. In eighteen twenty they moved 437 00:25:13,160 --> 00:25:17,920 Speaker 1: to Salzburg. George was planning to write a comprehensive Mozart biography, 438 00:25:18,000 --> 00:25:20,800 Speaker 1: and they worked with Maria Anna to get information for this. 439 00:25:21,320 --> 00:25:23,840 Speaker 1: She not only shared the writings she had done for 440 00:25:23,920 --> 00:25:27,120 Speaker 1: that earlier biography, but also turned over all the family 441 00:25:27,280 --> 00:25:30,280 Speaker 1: letters and records she had to assist in this project. 442 00:25:30,960 --> 00:25:34,040 Speaker 1: In eighteen twenty one, Maria Anna was visited for the 443 00:25:34,080 --> 00:25:38,600 Speaker 1: first time by her nephew, franz Zaver Mozart. This was 444 00:25:38,640 --> 00:25:42,080 Speaker 1: an event of complete delight for her, and she later 445 00:25:42,119 --> 00:25:45,760 Speaker 1: wrote that despite her advancing years, quote, I still enjoyed 446 00:25:45,800 --> 00:25:49,240 Speaker 1: the inexpressible joy of seeing the son of my unforgettable 447 00:25:49,280 --> 00:25:52,359 Speaker 1: brother for the first time. And she introduced her nephew 448 00:25:52,400 --> 00:25:55,240 Speaker 1: around to all of her friends and like friends of 449 00:25:55,280 --> 00:25:57,879 Speaker 1: the family that had known Mozart when he was a 450 00:25:57,960 --> 00:26:01,720 Speaker 1: boy in Salzburg. Uh basically just like wanted to tell 451 00:26:01,800 --> 00:26:04,960 Speaker 1: him everything about his father. When Maria Anna was seventy, 452 00:26:06,560 --> 00:26:10,080 Speaker 1: she was visited by the writer Mary Novello, who noted 453 00:26:10,240 --> 00:26:13,280 Speaker 1: that Maria Anna seemed to be in bad straits. She 454 00:26:13,320 --> 00:26:15,880 Speaker 1: appeared to be very poor. She had lost her eyesight, 455 00:26:15,920 --> 00:26:19,280 Speaker 1: which had happened three years before. Novella wrote that Maria 456 00:26:19,280 --> 00:26:24,200 Speaker 1: Anna was quote blind, languid, exhausted, feeble, and nearly speechless. 457 00:26:24,720 --> 00:26:28,439 Speaker 1: Novella's assessment about Maria Anna's finances, though, was not correct, 458 00:26:28,480 --> 00:26:31,080 Speaker 1: a fact that was made plain when Maria Anna died 459 00:26:31,200 --> 00:26:34,720 Speaker 1: later that year and left a fortune behind. The fact 460 00:26:34,800 --> 00:26:38,400 Speaker 1: that she took piano students well into her seventies suddenly 461 00:26:38,480 --> 00:26:41,439 Speaker 1: was not, as it had appeared to so many people, 462 00:26:41,600 --> 00:26:44,760 Speaker 1: something she did to make ends meet. It became evident 463 00:26:44,840 --> 00:26:47,040 Speaker 1: on her death that her husband had left her well 464 00:26:47,160 --> 00:26:51,520 Speaker 1: set financially. She was taking students simply because she wanted to. 465 00:26:52,160 --> 00:26:55,080 Speaker 1: Maria on a mozart known to friends and family as 466 00:26:55,160 --> 00:26:58,560 Speaker 1: the Neural, was buried in her hometown of Salzburg at 467 00:26:58,560 --> 00:27:02,240 Speaker 1: the Abbey of St. Peter. Sometimes the story of Marianna 468 00:27:02,320 --> 00:27:04,800 Speaker 1: and kind of the headline version is opened with this 469 00:27:04,880 --> 00:27:09,000 Speaker 1: idea that had she not been moved aside, so Leopold 470 00:27:09,040 --> 00:27:11,720 Speaker 1: could promote her brother both gang. She could have been 471 00:27:12,040 --> 00:27:15,920 Speaker 1: Mozart's equal, but most historians don't really frame it that way. 472 00:27:16,240 --> 00:27:19,199 Speaker 1: She was a very skilled musician, without a doubt, but 473 00:27:19,320 --> 00:27:22,240 Speaker 1: she did not, have, for example, the massive output as 474 00:27:22,240 --> 00:27:25,240 Speaker 1: a composer that her brother did. She didn't have the 475 00:27:25,400 --> 00:27:28,080 Speaker 1: range he did in terms of picking things up really quickly. 476 00:27:28,640 --> 00:27:30,840 Speaker 1: He outpaced her in their learning. It's one of those 477 00:27:30,840 --> 00:27:33,080 Speaker 1: things where, if you know when they were children, he 478 00:27:33,200 --> 00:27:35,800 Speaker 1: pretty quickly like got to her level and then kept 479 00:27:35,840 --> 00:27:39,960 Speaker 1: moving on. But even so, uh, it comes up people 480 00:27:39,960 --> 00:27:42,800 Speaker 1: like to speculate about just what her impact on her 481 00:27:42,800 --> 00:27:45,960 Speaker 1: little brother was, particularly in his formative years. So she 482 00:27:46,040 --> 00:27:49,919 Speaker 1: becomes a really important part of the Mozart story. Do 483 00:27:49,920 --> 00:27:52,600 Speaker 1: you have some listener mail for us? I actually have 484 00:27:52,800 --> 00:27:59,639 Speaker 1: a couple of pieces of listener mail, and they're about Poppy. Uh. 485 00:27:59,680 --> 00:28:02,280 Speaker 1: We had a couple of people write us, particularly about 486 00:28:02,280 --> 00:28:06,320 Speaker 1: our our Friday behind the Scenes minis episode that we 487 00:28:06,400 --> 00:28:10,280 Speaker 1: did right after the Hellhounds Halloween episode, because we talked 488 00:28:10,320 --> 00:28:12,760 Speaker 1: about black dogs specifically on that one. And so I 489 00:28:12,800 --> 00:28:16,280 Speaker 1: have two pieces of adorable male. One is from Brianna 490 00:28:16,400 --> 00:28:18,719 Speaker 1: or Brianna. I don't know how she pronounces it. She 491 00:28:18,720 --> 00:28:21,080 Speaker 1: writes high Holly and Tracy. I was excited to hear you, 492 00:28:21,160 --> 00:28:23,800 Speaker 1: maybe Holly point out that black dogs and cats often 493 00:28:23,840 --> 00:28:26,720 Speaker 1: aren't adopted at shelters. I initially thought, oh, I should 494 00:28:26,720 --> 00:28:28,879 Speaker 1: write in to tell you about my black dog, Bob, 495 00:28:28,920 --> 00:28:31,720 Speaker 1: a Rott Wilder mix, who I adopted in as a 496 00:28:31,760 --> 00:28:34,400 Speaker 1: senior pet and who was the very best boy until 497 00:28:34,440 --> 00:28:37,040 Speaker 1: last June when we lost him to kidney disease. I 498 00:28:37,080 --> 00:28:39,760 Speaker 1: was hesitating, though, until yesterday, when my husband and I 499 00:28:39,840 --> 00:28:43,080 Speaker 1: found a wonderful dog at the local Humane Society. When 500 00:28:43,120 --> 00:28:45,960 Speaker 1: you know he is also black, his name is Roger Daltery. 501 00:28:46,040 --> 00:28:48,200 Speaker 1: He came with Roger, we added the adultery, and he 502 00:28:48,320 --> 00:28:51,120 Speaker 1: is a very sweet senior dog. I work from home 503 00:28:51,160 --> 00:28:53,240 Speaker 1: all my husband works with the post office, so Roger 504 00:28:53,280 --> 00:28:55,840 Speaker 1: and I are enjoying our first day together. I attached 505 00:28:55,840 --> 00:28:58,160 Speaker 1: two photos, one of us the day we adopted Bob 506 00:28:58,440 --> 00:29:00,800 Speaker 1: and one from yesterday with Roger. You can tell which 507 00:29:00,800 --> 00:29:03,400 Speaker 1: one is from yesterday because of our masks. I just 508 00:29:03,440 --> 00:29:05,200 Speaker 1: wanted to thank you for the reminder that black dogs 509 00:29:05,240 --> 00:29:08,560 Speaker 1: are great. Senior dogs are also great. Shelter dogs are 510 00:29:08,640 --> 00:29:10,600 Speaker 1: great too, I hope you're doing well and staying well. 511 00:29:10,920 --> 00:29:16,200 Speaker 1: Um Bob was beautiful. I love Rottweiler's and Roger Daltry 512 00:29:16,280 --> 00:29:19,720 Speaker 1: is the cutest dog maybe ever. I'm gonna say that, 513 00:29:19,720 --> 00:29:22,240 Speaker 1: but I say that about all the dogs. Uh there, 514 00:29:22,360 --> 00:29:24,880 Speaker 1: He's so cute and they look so happy together. So 515 00:29:24,920 --> 00:29:27,160 Speaker 1: thank you for adopting him, because now I know he's 516 00:29:27,160 --> 00:29:29,360 Speaker 1: got a loving home and I love it. And then 517 00:29:29,400 --> 00:29:32,760 Speaker 1: we have another cute black dog email. This is from 518 00:29:32,760 --> 00:29:35,720 Speaker 1: our listener Kathy, who writes, Hello, Tracy and Holly. Thanks 519 00:29:35,720 --> 00:29:37,960 Speaker 1: for such a fun and informative podcast. I've learned so 520 00:29:38,040 --> 00:29:40,560 Speaker 1: much I never knew. I never knew. I listened to 521 00:29:40,600 --> 00:29:43,000 Speaker 1: all of your Halloween week episodes today, and I loved 522 00:29:43,000 --> 00:29:45,200 Speaker 1: when you talked about adopting black dogs and cats in 523 00:29:45,200 --> 00:29:47,440 Speaker 1: the Friday piece. I have had only two dogs in 524 00:29:47,480 --> 00:29:50,080 Speaker 1: my life, but both of them have been black. Black 525 00:29:50,120 --> 00:29:52,520 Speaker 1: dogs hold a special place in my heart. But especially 526 00:29:52,560 --> 00:29:55,120 Speaker 1: fitting as I listened to your Tarot Card episodes was 527 00:29:55,200 --> 00:29:57,840 Speaker 1: my current puppy dog's costume. He dressed up as a 528 00:29:57,920 --> 00:30:00,600 Speaker 1: jester today or a fool. So here's a picture of 529 00:30:00,640 --> 00:30:04,840 Speaker 1: my adopted baby, DJ Dark Jedi. Okay, like everything about 530 00:30:04,840 --> 00:30:06,720 Speaker 1: this is stuff. I love. It's a dog in a 531 00:30:06,760 --> 00:30:11,480 Speaker 1: costume and his name is dark Jedillo. Um also adorable. 532 00:30:11,640 --> 00:30:13,960 Speaker 1: Thank you, thank you, thank you for sending us your 533 00:30:14,000 --> 00:30:16,680 Speaker 1: dog pictures, Kathy and Brianna. I love it and I 534 00:30:17,120 --> 00:30:19,240 Speaker 1: it is one of those things where people that love 535 00:30:19,280 --> 00:30:24,000 Speaker 1: to adopt black animals really love to adopt black animals. Um, 536 00:30:24,040 --> 00:30:26,440 Speaker 1: I'm one of them. You, as we talked about, have too, 537 00:30:26,800 --> 00:30:29,400 Speaker 1: so clearly you're kind of one of them as well. Uh, 538 00:30:29,400 --> 00:30:31,760 Speaker 1: those are not your first black cats, I will disclose 539 00:30:32,000 --> 00:30:35,480 Speaker 1: they're not. Uh So. Yeah. I love seeing these and 540 00:30:35,520 --> 00:30:37,720 Speaker 1: thank you guys for giving them great homes and also 541 00:30:37,840 --> 00:30:40,640 Speaker 1: just sharing your stories with us. I'm glad you enjoyed 542 00:30:41,120 --> 00:30:44,040 Speaker 1: our hellhound and black dog discussions. I will follow up 543 00:30:44,080 --> 00:30:47,320 Speaker 1: and say my Ruegaru Fest t shirt and poster came 544 00:30:47,400 --> 00:30:52,600 Speaker 1: yesterday and they are awesome. I'm so ready. H come 545 00:30:52,640 --> 00:30:55,280 Speaker 1: on next year. Let it be safe. Uh. If you 546 00:30:55,280 --> 00:30:57,160 Speaker 1: would like to write to us, you should absolutely do that. 547 00:30:57,240 --> 00:30:59,640 Speaker 1: You can do that at History Podcast at i heeart 548 00:30:59,720 --> 00:31:01,960 Speaker 1: radio dot com. You can also find us on the 549 00:31:02,000 --> 00:31:05,480 Speaker 1: internet on social media at missed in History, pretty much everywhere. 550 00:31:05,720 --> 00:31:07,520 Speaker 1: If you would like to subscribe to the podcast, we 551 00:31:07,560 --> 00:31:09,120 Speaker 1: would like for you to do that as well. You 552 00:31:09,160 --> 00:31:11,480 Speaker 1: can do that on the I heart Radio app, on 553 00:31:11,640 --> 00:31:14,000 Speaker 1: Apple podcasts, or wherever it is you listen to your 554 00:31:14,000 --> 00:31:21,440 Speaker 1: favorite shows. Stuff you Missed in History Class is a 555 00:31:21,480 --> 00:31:24,680 Speaker 1: production of I heart Radio. For more podcasts from I 556 00:31:24,800 --> 00:31:28,000 Speaker 1: heart Radio, visit the i heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, 557 00:31:28,120 --> 00:31:30,120 Speaker 1: or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.