1 00:00:04,360 --> 00:00:08,560 Speaker 1: Ruby. 2 00:00:10,160 --> 00:00:11,320 Speaker 2: Hi, I'm Rick Schwartz. 3 00:00:11,480 --> 00:00:12,319 Speaker 1: What does this world? 4 00:00:12,400 --> 00:00:15,080 Speaker 2: I'll mark a went and this This is Amazing Wildlife, 5 00:00:15,080 --> 00:00:17,360 Speaker 2: where we discover unique stories of wildlife from around the 6 00:00:17,360 --> 00:00:21,200 Speaker 2: world and uncover fascinating animal facts. This podcast is in 7 00:00:21,239 --> 00:00:25,320 Speaker 2: production with Iheartradios, Ruby Studio and San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, 8 00:00:25,400 --> 00:00:29,680 Speaker 2: an international nonprofit conservation organization which oversees the San Diego Zoo. 9 00:00:29,680 --> 00:00:31,880 Speaker 2: Where we are in this beautiful greenhouse and the San 10 00:00:31,920 --> 00:00:33,160 Speaker 2: Diego Zoo Safari Park. 11 00:00:36,040 --> 00:00:37,360 Speaker 1: It feels like I'm in jungle right now. 12 00:00:37,360 --> 00:00:39,159 Speaker 2: Don't say thanks to getting there right. We've got the 13 00:00:39,200 --> 00:00:41,440 Speaker 2: humidity up. We're surrounded by plants, and it's funny that 14 00:00:41,520 --> 00:00:44,400 Speaker 2: intro talks about amazing wildlife and unique stories of wildlife 15 00:00:44,400 --> 00:00:47,320 Speaker 2: around the world, but we're kind of veering off of 16 00:00:47,360 --> 00:00:49,760 Speaker 2: the actual wildlife people might think about when it comes 17 00:00:49,760 --> 00:00:53,000 Speaker 2: to animals. True, and we're surrounded by all these awesome plants. 18 00:00:53,000 --> 00:00:54,520 Speaker 2: We're currently sitting, So anyone who can't. 19 00:00:54,320 --> 00:00:55,840 Speaker 1: See the video, oh yeah, yeah, that's right. 20 00:00:55,880 --> 00:00:57,680 Speaker 2: We are sitting in one of the greenhouses in the 21 00:00:57,720 --> 00:00:59,560 Speaker 2: San Diego Zoo, one of my favorite spots on It 22 00:00:59,800 --> 00:01:02,360 Speaker 2: is humid in here is human. It is a nice 23 00:01:02,440 --> 00:01:05,240 Speaker 2: field of the air just is so nice because we 24 00:01:05,240 --> 00:01:08,520 Speaker 2: are surrounded by all of these plants totally. But it's 25 00:01:08,560 --> 00:01:11,160 Speaker 2: not just plants you might find walking into your local. 26 00:01:11,000 --> 00:01:13,280 Speaker 3: Nursery, no, no, I mean, there's so much vibrancy of 27 00:01:13,319 --> 00:01:15,440 Speaker 3: life at the San Diego Zoo. And I've got to say, like, 28 00:01:15,480 --> 00:01:17,600 Speaker 3: of all the plants, I'm looking at a beautiful orchid 29 00:01:17,600 --> 00:01:19,920 Speaker 3: above me right now, I'm so distracted, you guys. 30 00:01:19,720 --> 00:01:21,440 Speaker 1: Queue the jungle music exactly. 31 00:01:21,480 --> 00:01:23,400 Speaker 3: But to your point, you know, we have wildlife care 32 00:01:23,440 --> 00:01:26,319 Speaker 3: specialists for mammals and birds and reptiles and insects, et cetera, 33 00:01:26,360 --> 00:01:26,880 Speaker 3: et cetera. 34 00:01:26,920 --> 00:01:29,040 Speaker 1: We have a lot of plants specialists too. 35 00:01:28,920 --> 00:01:31,119 Speaker 3: That we're really silked to be able to talk about 36 00:01:31,200 --> 00:01:33,039 Speaker 3: today with some right now, right right. 37 00:01:32,920 --> 00:01:34,800 Speaker 2: And you know, as people might know from the title, 38 00:01:34,800 --> 00:01:36,119 Speaker 2: we're talking about orchids, right. 39 00:01:36,200 --> 00:01:36,400 Speaker 1: Yeah. 40 00:01:36,560 --> 00:01:38,440 Speaker 2: Here in southern California, you can walk into a store 41 00:01:38,480 --> 00:01:41,040 Speaker 2: like Trader Joe's or the Florial Department of other Stories, 42 00:01:41,080 --> 00:01:43,959 Speaker 2: and you see all these orchids. They're just perfectly flowering. 43 00:01:44,600 --> 00:01:46,640 Speaker 2: But there's so much more to them than just being 44 00:01:46,680 --> 00:01:48,400 Speaker 2: something you can purchase as a gift or put on 45 00:01:48,440 --> 00:01:52,640 Speaker 2: your centerpiece. There is so much going on with orchid conservation. Yes, 46 00:01:52,800 --> 00:01:56,000 Speaker 2: there are so many really amazing facts about different species 47 00:01:56,000 --> 00:01:58,160 Speaker 2: of orchids, and you and I, of course, as we 48 00:01:58,160 --> 00:01:59,760 Speaker 2: always say, we could talk about this or we could 49 00:01:59,760 --> 00:02:03,840 Speaker 2: have answers, right, Yeah, so we have with us, of course, 50 00:02:03,880 --> 00:02:07,160 Speaker 2: some wonderful experts here in the San Diego Zoo working 51 00:02:07,400 --> 00:02:09,359 Speaker 2: with our plants a horticulture department. But why don't you 52 00:02:09,360 --> 00:02:11,560 Speaker 2: go ahead and introduce yourselves with your title so our 53 00:02:11,600 --> 00:02:13,560 Speaker 2: audience understands who you guys are and why we're talking 54 00:02:13,600 --> 00:02:14,160 Speaker 2: to you today. 55 00:02:14,520 --> 00:02:17,560 Speaker 4: Yes, my name is Christy Palm, horticulture manager. You're San 56 00:02:17,600 --> 00:02:18,880 Speaker 4: Diego Zoo Wildlife clients. 57 00:02:19,360 --> 00:02:24,200 Speaker 5: My name is Sandred Block. I'm the specialist and senior propagator. Yeah, 58 00:02:24,320 --> 00:02:25,320 Speaker 5: the San Diego sou. 59 00:02:27,120 --> 00:02:29,880 Speaker 3: Know right, Yeah, that's a pretty impressive title, my friend. Actually, 60 00:02:29,919 --> 00:02:31,080 Speaker 3: I was just thinking back to you, by the way, 61 00:02:31,120 --> 00:02:33,000 Speaker 3: before we get going. When you and I first met 62 00:02:33,080 --> 00:02:35,200 Speaker 3: hind Frida, it was during the Year of the Tiger. 63 00:02:35,280 --> 00:02:37,320 Speaker 3: We were at the Safari Park and I was doing 64 00:02:37,320 --> 00:02:39,440 Speaker 3: some videos you did for social media, trying to get 65 00:02:39,440 --> 00:02:42,040 Speaker 3: some tigers obviously, and then I ran into you and 66 00:02:42,160 --> 00:02:44,240 Speaker 3: you're in the corner that you had all these people 67 00:02:44,280 --> 00:02:46,280 Speaker 3: asking you these questions because you had some of the 68 00:02:46,280 --> 00:02:49,840 Speaker 3: most remarkable plants orchids, right, and the passion that you 69 00:02:49,919 --> 00:02:51,200 Speaker 3: had that day was amazing. 70 00:02:51,200 --> 00:02:53,200 Speaker 1: So that's why I'm really happy you're here with us today. 71 00:02:53,520 --> 00:02:58,720 Speaker 3: Of course you too, Christian, No, but I just get 72 00:02:58,760 --> 00:03:01,040 Speaker 3: excited that we show but with all that passion, So 73 00:03:01,160 --> 00:03:02,520 Speaker 3: let's just talk about orchids, right. 74 00:03:02,520 --> 00:03:04,320 Speaker 2: And I did real quick too. Last time we had 75 00:03:04,400 --> 00:03:06,519 Speaker 2: Christia on the show was last season. We're talking about this, 76 00:03:06,680 --> 00:03:08,799 Speaker 2: that's right, oak tree, oak trees, Yeah, and all the 77 00:03:08,840 --> 00:03:10,720 Speaker 2: work being done to propagate that and save them. So 78 00:03:11,080 --> 00:03:13,440 Speaker 2: welcome back, and I'll let you take it from here. 79 00:03:13,880 --> 00:03:16,080 Speaker 2: What would you say is some of the more important 80 00:03:16,120 --> 00:03:17,799 Speaker 2: things you want our audience to know about orchids? 81 00:03:18,000 --> 00:03:20,840 Speaker 4: Yes, So our orchid house here that we're in right 82 00:03:20,880 --> 00:03:24,040 Speaker 4: now has been around for fifty years, so we're celebrating 83 00:03:24,040 --> 00:03:28,320 Speaker 4: our fifty year anniversary this year, that exact, yes, yes, 84 00:03:28,960 --> 00:03:32,679 Speaker 4: And also our micropropagation lab is celebrating its twentieth anniversary. 85 00:03:32,919 --> 00:03:37,560 Speaker 4: So a micropropagation lab is essential for propagating orchid species. 86 00:03:38,120 --> 00:03:42,800 Speaker 4: So orchids have a natural relationship with micro rhizo fungi 87 00:03:42,960 --> 00:03:44,160 Speaker 4: in order for them to germinate. 88 00:03:44,240 --> 00:03:45,280 Speaker 1: That's a fancy word, right there. 89 00:03:45,360 --> 00:03:48,680 Speaker 3: Yeah, so you're saying they live in community with another organism, 90 00:03:48,760 --> 00:03:50,080 Speaker 3: basically your psiosis. 91 00:03:50,200 --> 00:03:52,800 Speaker 4: Yes, oh, okay, okay, yeah, So in order to get 92 00:03:52,840 --> 00:03:56,480 Speaker 4: them to germinate, they have to have that symbiotic relationship. However, 93 00:03:56,720 --> 00:03:58,640 Speaker 4: the orchids that we have from all around the world, 94 00:03:58,720 --> 00:04:02,560 Speaker 4: we don't necessarily have that fungus available. So to get 95 00:04:02,560 --> 00:04:05,240 Speaker 4: around that, you can propagate orchids in vitro in a 96 00:04:05,320 --> 00:04:06,400 Speaker 4: micropropagation lab. 97 00:04:06,480 --> 00:04:06,800 Speaker 5: Oh wow. 98 00:04:07,080 --> 00:04:10,520 Speaker 4: So our micropropagation lab was started twenty years ago with 99 00:04:10,640 --> 00:04:13,800 Speaker 4: a five thousand dollars grant from the Association of Zoological Horticulture. 100 00:04:14,240 --> 00:04:16,120 Speaker 4: So I've come a long way. Yeah. 101 00:04:16,360 --> 00:04:18,960 Speaker 2: So we know orchids are found everywhere on the world 102 00:04:18,960 --> 00:04:22,279 Speaker 2: except for Antarctica. So to propagate them properly you would 103 00:04:22,360 --> 00:04:23,960 Speaker 2: need fungus from their native region. 104 00:04:24,279 --> 00:04:24,640 Speaker 4: Correct. 105 00:04:24,960 --> 00:04:27,160 Speaker 2: But we've been able to use science essentially to kind 106 00:04:27,200 --> 00:04:30,200 Speaker 2: of go around fungus hunting, yes, and be able to 107 00:04:30,440 --> 00:04:33,640 Speaker 2: propagate them or basically meaning we're growing more right here 108 00:04:33,720 --> 00:04:34,679 Speaker 2: in the San Diego area. 109 00:04:34,960 --> 00:04:35,159 Speaker 6: Yes. 110 00:04:35,200 --> 00:04:37,440 Speaker 3: Oh wow, that's great and cool. I mean guests can 111 00:04:37,520 --> 00:04:40,440 Speaker 3: actually visit the orchid house, can't they. There's certain days 112 00:04:40,480 --> 00:04:42,120 Speaker 3: in the month, right that guests can come here. 113 00:04:42,400 --> 00:04:43,360 Speaker 1: What are those days? Exactly? 114 00:04:43,520 --> 00:04:46,440 Speaker 6: The third Friday of each month, third Friday each month 115 00:04:46,480 --> 00:04:47,120 Speaker 6: from ten to two. 116 00:04:47,400 --> 00:04:49,800 Speaker 1: Ten to two guests can come here to San Diego Zoo, 117 00:04:50,240 --> 00:04:52,400 Speaker 1: enter the Orchid House and just explore we're we're in 118 00:04:52,520 --> 00:04:55,040 Speaker 1: right now, the vibancy of all this plant life, right, yes, Oh, 119 00:04:55,120 --> 00:04:55,679 Speaker 1: that's exciting. 120 00:04:55,839 --> 00:04:57,800 Speaker 4: Yeah. In our orchet house, we have seven hundred and 121 00:04:57,800 --> 00:05:01,919 Speaker 4: sixty nine botanical taxa here, so we have the fifteenth 122 00:05:02,160 --> 00:05:06,320 Speaker 4: largest globally of our collection and seventh in the United States. 123 00:05:06,520 --> 00:05:09,200 Speaker 2: And botannical taxi meaning different species. 124 00:05:08,880 --> 00:05:12,280 Speaker 4: Right, species, right, we focus on species conservation here. 125 00:05:13,120 --> 00:05:15,000 Speaker 3: This is probably a dumb question, so I apologize, but 126 00:05:15,080 --> 00:05:17,200 Speaker 3: I always like to say, assume there's someone in the 127 00:05:17,279 --> 00:05:20,080 Speaker 3: world has no idea what we're talking about. When we 128 00:05:20,160 --> 00:05:23,160 Speaker 3: say the word orchid, can you describe it a little 129 00:05:23,160 --> 00:05:24,560 Speaker 3: bit for us, like what makes it unique? 130 00:05:24,800 --> 00:05:27,640 Speaker 6: Just for a guess, yes, Hindreed, Oh yeah, okay, yeah, 131 00:05:27,839 --> 00:05:28,680 Speaker 6: for explain. 132 00:05:28,400 --> 00:05:32,159 Speaker 5: That there are certain characteristica that make an orchid and orchid. 133 00:05:32,800 --> 00:05:36,120 Speaker 5: First of all, there are live in symbiosis with microrhyzil fungi. 134 00:05:37,200 --> 00:05:40,840 Speaker 5: They all have dust seed, meaning the seed is an 135 00:05:40,920 --> 00:05:47,080 Speaker 5: embryo with cellulose skin testa lacking any endosperm, non nutrients, 136 00:05:47,320 --> 00:05:52,480 Speaker 5: hardly any starch, mostly lipits and fat, which cannot be 137 00:05:52,640 --> 00:05:56,960 Speaker 5: used by the emerging seedling directly. A lot of orchids 138 00:05:57,040 --> 00:06:00,960 Speaker 5: from the tropics and subtropics have a layer of cells 139 00:06:01,000 --> 00:06:04,880 Speaker 5: around the roots which enables them to stick to surfaces 140 00:06:04,920 --> 00:06:08,080 Speaker 5: such as trees or rocks. That's called the laman, So 141 00:06:08,279 --> 00:06:15,000 Speaker 5: that's specific for orchids. All orchids have symmetrical flowers cygotmorph is, 142 00:06:15,279 --> 00:06:18,200 Speaker 5: but the name for that tists, so they reflect in 143 00:06:18,240 --> 00:06:21,360 Speaker 5: the mirror if you hold it in the middle. All 144 00:06:21,520 --> 00:06:26,640 Speaker 5: orchids have three sea prets and three petals, whereas one 145 00:06:27,120 --> 00:06:31,400 Speaker 5: is modified in the form of the lip. That's for 146 00:06:31,520 --> 00:06:32,239 Speaker 5: all orchids. 147 00:06:32,320 --> 00:06:34,680 Speaker 3: Yeah, I mean the same exact the boy sorr if 148 00:06:34,680 --> 00:06:36,400 Speaker 3: you're really excited, But you said some are adhering to 149 00:06:36,520 --> 00:06:37,799 Speaker 3: trees right in the wild. 150 00:06:38,040 --> 00:06:40,600 Speaker 1: Are some on the ground depending on the ecosystem as well. 151 00:06:40,760 --> 00:06:44,800 Speaker 5: Yeah, yes, that's how Apparently they started out as terrestrials 152 00:06:44,920 --> 00:06:48,480 Speaker 5: ground orchids, and then actually they learn climbing on trees. 153 00:06:50,000 --> 00:06:53,240 Speaker 1: I'm kind of the ground. I'm on the go on top. Oh, 154 00:06:53,279 --> 00:06:53,840 Speaker 1: that's interesting. 155 00:06:54,040 --> 00:06:56,040 Speaker 2: Yes. So one thing I've noticed again I'm going to 156 00:06:56,080 --> 00:06:57,599 Speaker 2: go back to what I think our audience might see 157 00:06:57,640 --> 00:06:59,880 Speaker 2: more afterwards, is going into the store and seeing or 158 00:07:00,080 --> 00:07:02,600 Speaker 2: it's for sale and you notice that there's a steak, 159 00:07:02,640 --> 00:07:06,040 Speaker 2: and they're usually clipped up to that steak growing in 160 00:07:06,080 --> 00:07:08,000 Speaker 2: the wild obviously no and staking them out to do that. 161 00:07:08,120 --> 00:07:09,960 Speaker 2: And I think we do that because it displays the 162 00:07:10,000 --> 00:07:12,040 Speaker 2: flower up high. It looks more attractive than if it 163 00:07:12,080 --> 00:07:14,800 Speaker 2: was dangling down. But talk a little bit about the 164 00:07:14,960 --> 00:07:16,880 Speaker 2: flower structure, because as we sit here in this greenhouse, 165 00:07:16,880 --> 00:07:19,400 Speaker 2: there are some that have vertical shoots going up and 166 00:07:19,440 --> 00:07:21,400 Speaker 2: the flowers are standing up. There are others where things 167 00:07:21,440 --> 00:07:23,440 Speaker 2: are hanging down, like the ones that's about Marco right now. 168 00:07:23,480 --> 00:07:23,720 Speaker 1: This one. 169 00:07:24,360 --> 00:07:28,200 Speaker 2: What is that adaptation or the evolution of deciding how 170 00:07:28,360 --> 00:07:30,440 Speaker 2: or where or why the flower is the way it is. 171 00:07:31,440 --> 00:07:37,920 Speaker 6: Pollinators, well, obviously. 172 00:07:39,760 --> 00:07:41,960 Speaker 3: It gets it depends where in the ecosystem, different kind 173 00:07:41,960 --> 00:07:45,120 Speaker 3: of pollinators I'm assuming, But is there the preferred pollinator 174 00:07:45,200 --> 00:07:47,000 Speaker 3: or just insects as the whole kind of the main 175 00:07:47,080 --> 00:07:48,160 Speaker 3: ones are trying to track. 176 00:07:48,320 --> 00:07:50,240 Speaker 5: Well insects and for it. So if you go into 177 00:07:50,320 --> 00:07:54,880 Speaker 5: the neotropics, South America, Central America, Mexico. Yeah, a lot 178 00:07:55,040 --> 00:08:00,200 Speaker 5: of hummingbirds, oh coldinating orchids, and they adopted the our 179 00:08:00,360 --> 00:08:03,720 Speaker 5: shape and color. So now all of a sudden they 180 00:08:03,800 --> 00:08:07,680 Speaker 5: turn orange and red and the flower is tubular shaped 181 00:08:08,480 --> 00:08:12,800 Speaker 5: and puffyr pedtulums like the target of our collection. Most 182 00:08:12,880 --> 00:08:16,240 Speaker 5: of the Chinese puffy patulums that been studies would be 183 00:08:16,320 --> 00:08:22,239 Speaker 5: pollinated by bees of flies, and it's always about food 184 00:08:22,720 --> 00:08:28,640 Speaker 5: or broods. So orchids mimic certain color patterns to attract insects. 185 00:08:29,240 --> 00:08:30,880 Speaker 1: Oh really, Oh that's interesting. 186 00:08:31,400 --> 00:08:33,200 Speaker 2: So one I could assume and the use that I'm 187 00:08:33,240 --> 00:08:35,680 Speaker 2: looking at across the way, they have flowers sticking up. 188 00:08:35,679 --> 00:08:37,679 Speaker 2: They're probably usually grow on the ground because they're trying 189 00:08:37,720 --> 00:08:39,640 Speaker 2: to get that flower up high. And then those that 190 00:08:39,679 --> 00:08:41,000 Speaker 2: are hanging down, they're the ones that are in the 191 00:08:41,080 --> 00:08:43,560 Speaker 2: rocks or trees, so they want to get somewhere away 192 00:08:43,600 --> 00:08:45,640 Speaker 2: from where they are to make it more obvious where 193 00:08:45,640 --> 00:08:46,160 Speaker 2: the flower is. 194 00:08:46,640 --> 00:08:53,520 Speaker 5: Yes, well there, yes, some of the epiphytes, some of 195 00:08:53,600 --> 00:08:57,040 Speaker 5: those growing on branches still send their flowers up into 196 00:08:57,120 --> 00:08:57,680 Speaker 5: the sunlight. 197 00:08:58,040 --> 00:08:59,000 Speaker 1: Can you ask you epiphytes? 198 00:08:59,080 --> 00:08:59,560 Speaker 2: Is that the word? 199 00:08:59,720 --> 00:09:01,520 Speaker 1: Yes? Can you explain that word a little bit for 200 00:09:01,559 --> 00:09:02,000 Speaker 1: the kiddies. 201 00:09:02,080 --> 00:09:05,959 Speaker 5: Especially epiphyte means an orchid growing on a branch and 202 00:09:06,080 --> 00:09:08,680 Speaker 5: the tropics tropics, so. 203 00:09:08,760 --> 00:09:11,520 Speaker 2: And that's different than when we think of things like mistletoe. 204 00:09:11,559 --> 00:09:14,920 Speaker 2: I was like Christmas mistletoe, it grows in other trees, 205 00:09:14,960 --> 00:09:17,360 Speaker 2: but it actually is more it's a parasite using the 206 00:09:17,400 --> 00:09:20,120 Speaker 2: tree as oppose, the orchids aren't doing that, They're just 207 00:09:20,240 --> 00:09:22,560 Speaker 2: utilizing it for their roots to hold onto. So then 208 00:09:22,720 --> 00:09:25,160 Speaker 2: when they do that, where do they get their nutrients. 209 00:09:25,320 --> 00:09:27,800 Speaker 5: From water getting bushed through rainfall? 210 00:09:28,559 --> 00:09:30,400 Speaker 1: Could some of it be the fungus. I'm still on 211 00:09:30,480 --> 00:09:32,400 Speaker 1: the fungus thing in my head. 212 00:09:32,480 --> 00:09:34,480 Speaker 3: It's all about the fungus everybody, you know, But I'm 213 00:09:34,559 --> 00:09:36,839 Speaker 3: kind of wondering like symbiosis, right, I mean it's a 214 00:09:36,880 --> 00:09:37,640 Speaker 3: communal thing. 215 00:09:37,760 --> 00:09:38,680 Speaker 1: I like that concept. 216 00:09:39,400 --> 00:09:43,000 Speaker 5: So in times of drought or when there are not 217 00:09:43,240 --> 00:09:46,280 Speaker 5: as many nutrients available, the fungus of course is giving 218 00:09:46,320 --> 00:09:50,600 Speaker 5: off the nutrients to the plant, whereas the plant gives 219 00:09:50,640 --> 00:09:54,679 Speaker 5: off sugars to the fungus after it's able to photosynthesize. 220 00:09:54,760 --> 00:09:57,880 Speaker 5: That's why just symbiosis. So it's not only working one way, 221 00:09:57,920 --> 00:09:59,439 Speaker 5: it's working the other way as well. 222 00:09:59,640 --> 00:10:04,080 Speaker 1: That a very communal aspect right meal prep for Yeah, food, 223 00:10:04,520 --> 00:10:05,679 Speaker 1: our food. I appreciate that. 224 00:10:05,880 --> 00:10:08,480 Speaker 3: That's really cool, you know because last episode we talked 225 00:10:08,520 --> 00:10:09,680 Speaker 3: about human conflict with that. 226 00:10:09,679 --> 00:10:10,840 Speaker 2: A litle fans and living together. 227 00:10:10,960 --> 00:10:12,160 Speaker 1: Yeah, and some of the issues going on. 228 00:10:12,280 --> 00:10:14,640 Speaker 3: I know one of them they mentioned was wildlife trafficking 229 00:10:14,720 --> 00:10:16,719 Speaker 3: and handfright. We talked about this in the past. That 230 00:10:16,920 --> 00:10:18,240 Speaker 3: correct me if I'm wrong. This is one of the 231 00:10:18,320 --> 00:10:21,760 Speaker 3: most traffic plants in the world, right, orchids as a whole. 232 00:10:21,960 --> 00:10:23,880 Speaker 3: I mean, obviously they're beautiful, like the one above me 233 00:10:24,000 --> 00:10:28,760 Speaker 3: is gorgeous, But that's what's impact of these plants, right, sadly? So, yes, yeah, Well, 234 00:10:28,920 --> 00:10:29,880 Speaker 3: how many orchids are there? 235 00:10:29,880 --> 00:10:30,200 Speaker 2: Actually? 236 00:10:30,320 --> 00:10:31,240 Speaker 1: Overall in the world. 237 00:10:31,040 --> 00:10:34,280 Speaker 4: They have there was about twenty eight thousand species of orchids, 238 00:10:34,400 --> 00:10:37,600 Speaker 4: oh wow, and then about eight hundred general oh wow, 239 00:10:37,720 --> 00:10:39,840 Speaker 4: so different types of so many. 240 00:10:39,880 --> 00:10:41,640 Speaker 1: And I think we were talking about this earlier. But 241 00:10:41,760 --> 00:10:44,200 Speaker 1: some are on the endangered species list. 242 00:10:44,240 --> 00:10:47,079 Speaker 4: Correctly, right, there are only about eight percent that have 243 00:10:47,240 --> 00:10:50,800 Speaker 4: been assessed on the IUCN Red List of threatened species. 244 00:10:50,920 --> 00:10:51,959 Speaker 6: So we have a lot of work to do. 245 00:10:52,080 --> 00:10:53,480 Speaker 2: So what does that mean that for someone who does 246 00:10:53,559 --> 00:10:56,280 Speaker 2: not know what usan red list is and being assessed. 247 00:10:56,440 --> 00:11:00,160 Speaker 4: Yeah, So the IUCE and Red List assessment is all 248 00:11:00,240 --> 00:11:04,920 Speaker 4: species worldwide, animals, plants, fenguai, all those different species, and 249 00:11:05,559 --> 00:11:08,680 Speaker 4: they do assessments for those species to figure out their 250 00:11:08,800 --> 00:11:09,720 Speaker 4: endangerments status. 251 00:11:09,920 --> 00:11:11,319 Speaker 2: So almost got to go out there and do a 252 00:11:11,360 --> 00:11:15,240 Speaker 2: headcount basis correct, right. Sometimes for some species plants or animals, 253 00:11:15,720 --> 00:11:17,240 Speaker 2: they have to go back then and go, Okay, we 254 00:11:17,320 --> 00:11:18,800 Speaker 2: need to do that again five years from now to 255 00:11:18,800 --> 00:11:19,880 Speaker 2: see have they gone up or down? 256 00:11:20,200 --> 00:11:20,520 Speaker 6: Correct? 257 00:11:20,559 --> 00:11:22,679 Speaker 2: But what we find in five years time sometimes you 258 00:11:22,800 --> 00:11:23,800 Speaker 2: go back and there's nothing there. 259 00:11:24,040 --> 00:11:26,240 Speaker 4: Ye, well, and some haven't even been assessed yet, right, 260 00:11:26,280 --> 00:11:28,280 Speaker 4: And then there's that, So then you don't even know 261 00:11:28,440 --> 00:11:32,439 Speaker 4: their status. So what we do here is we consider 262 00:11:32,480 --> 00:11:35,520 Speaker 4: if they're in a biodiverse region such as Palau, which 263 00:11:35,559 --> 00:11:38,439 Speaker 4: we do some conservation work in Palau, is that we 264 00:11:39,000 --> 00:11:41,880 Speaker 4: treat them as endangered because they probably are, they just 265 00:11:41,960 --> 00:11:43,600 Speaker 4: haven't been formally assessed yet. 266 00:11:44,000 --> 00:11:46,120 Speaker 2: So what are some of the factors that our audience 267 00:11:46,240 --> 00:11:49,439 Speaker 2: might be able to support or help with, or what 268 00:11:49,600 --> 00:11:52,280 Speaker 2: sort of education can we offer them to better understand 269 00:11:52,840 --> 00:11:55,040 Speaker 2: We just mentioned trasking, meaning people going out there taking 270 00:11:55,120 --> 00:11:58,400 Speaker 2: harvesting them illegally to sell them somewhere is one of 271 00:11:58,480 --> 00:12:00,640 Speaker 2: the biggest threats for them. Some of the other things 272 00:12:00,720 --> 00:12:02,280 Speaker 2: going on that orchids are facing. 273 00:12:02,080 --> 00:12:06,320 Speaker 4: Today, habitat destruction. They're very sensitive to environmental changes too, 274 00:12:06,760 --> 00:12:10,400 Speaker 4: so when temperature and climate change, right, orchids, So they're 275 00:12:10,480 --> 00:12:12,559 Speaker 4: kind of one of the first species that you know, 276 00:12:12,640 --> 00:12:13,520 Speaker 4: are assessed. 277 00:12:13,600 --> 00:12:15,559 Speaker 3: And yeah, what makes me think like the canary and 278 00:12:15,559 --> 00:12:17,760 Speaker 3: the coal mine kind of aspect, right, Like the references 279 00:12:17,840 --> 00:12:20,319 Speaker 3: you know, like a canaro kind of show the negative 280 00:12:20,360 --> 00:12:22,800 Speaker 3: effect of an ecosystem, so human doesn't get affected by it, 281 00:12:22,880 --> 00:12:24,520 Speaker 3: but it makes me think like an amphibian, like a. 282 00:12:24,520 --> 00:12:27,679 Speaker 2: Fro the mountain, your leg of frogs. Several seasons back, 283 00:12:27,840 --> 00:12:30,160 Speaker 2: they were saying that amphibians are one of the first 284 00:12:30,280 --> 00:12:32,240 Speaker 2: to really show that ecosystem is starting to tilt the 285 00:12:32,240 --> 00:12:33,760 Speaker 2: wrong direction. So you're saying that's kind of the same 286 00:12:33,760 --> 00:12:35,720 Speaker 2: thing for orchids too, that right, Yeah, they're the first 287 00:12:35,760 --> 00:12:38,320 Speaker 2: one to indicate things aren't going right here because they're 288 00:12:38,360 --> 00:12:39,280 Speaker 2: starting to have issues. 289 00:12:39,480 --> 00:12:42,520 Speaker 4: And then so many with deforestation as well, so many 290 00:12:42,760 --> 00:12:45,000 Speaker 4: Eppa fytes we mentioned they grow in trees, so when 291 00:12:45,080 --> 00:12:47,479 Speaker 4: those forests are cut down, then the orchids. 292 00:12:47,240 --> 00:12:47,640 Speaker 2: There's no home. 293 00:12:47,720 --> 00:12:49,440 Speaker 6: Yeah, it doesn't have a home anymore either. 294 00:12:49,640 --> 00:12:52,640 Speaker 3: So you mentioned can you talk a little bit about 295 00:12:52,679 --> 00:12:56,320 Speaker 3: that specifically? This is a Southeast Asia kind of area. 296 00:12:56,520 --> 00:12:58,560 Speaker 4: In your Guam in Asia. 297 00:12:58,840 --> 00:13:00,559 Speaker 1: Yeah, what are some of the issues orchids in that 298 00:13:00,640 --> 00:13:03,520 Speaker 1: particular area? Why the focus for conservation of orchards? 299 00:13:03,640 --> 00:13:06,600 Speaker 4: Yeah, yeah, We've been working in Palau for ten years now. 300 00:13:07,120 --> 00:13:09,880 Speaker 4: We started. I went there in twenty fifteen with Stacey Anderson, 301 00:13:09,960 --> 00:13:13,120 Speaker 4: our first trip there, and we did a micropropagation workshop 302 00:13:13,200 --> 00:13:17,760 Speaker 4: for orchids and also propagation of seeds and collecting of 303 00:13:17,840 --> 00:13:21,440 Speaker 4: seeds of the native diversity there. It's a very biodiverse region. 304 00:13:21,520 --> 00:13:25,280 Speaker 4: You think a lot of times of the marine life there. 305 00:13:25,480 --> 00:13:27,760 Speaker 4: A lot of people think of that scuba diving, but 306 00:13:28,120 --> 00:13:30,720 Speaker 4: the diversity on land is just as impressive. Yeah. 307 00:13:30,920 --> 00:13:32,439 Speaker 3: I was lucky enough to go with some of the 308 00:13:32,480 --> 00:13:35,240 Speaker 3: plant team to collect some native plant seeds from northern 309 00:13:35,280 --> 00:13:37,520 Speaker 3: California and it was a really cool experience to see them. 310 00:13:37,840 --> 00:13:39,719 Speaker 3: I was laughing as a whole trip. You guys are 311 00:13:39,760 --> 00:13:41,400 Speaker 3: on a hike through the forest. 312 00:13:41,080 --> 00:13:42,240 Speaker 1: And you were bing here. 313 00:13:42,320 --> 00:13:42,520 Speaker 6: Yeah. 314 00:13:42,559 --> 00:13:44,840 Speaker 3: The plant people kept their eyes down looking at the plants. 315 00:13:44,920 --> 00:13:46,400 Speaker 3: I was the only one looking up, you know, But 316 00:13:46,760 --> 00:13:49,199 Speaker 3: it shared the passion of everything, right, But I'm curious 317 00:13:49,440 --> 00:13:52,560 Speaker 3: how does one collect the seeds of an orchid? Hi, Frank, 318 00:13:52,640 --> 00:13:54,120 Speaker 3: didn't you say it was more of a dust? 319 00:13:54,920 --> 00:13:55,880 Speaker 5: It's see? 320 00:13:56,000 --> 00:13:57,280 Speaker 2: Can you like a vacuum cleaner? 321 00:13:57,559 --> 00:13:59,360 Speaker 1: It was good to say. Forgive me for the word, 322 00:13:59,400 --> 00:14:01,000 Speaker 1: but can you dumb down a little bit like what 323 00:14:01,640 --> 00:14:01,920 Speaker 1: I brought? 324 00:14:02,920 --> 00:14:06,000 Speaker 5: So that's a little visual for the dust seed. I'm 325 00:14:06,040 --> 00:14:10,520 Speaker 5: showing a seed captured dried seed capsule of goryanthe oi 326 00:14:10,800 --> 00:14:15,040 Speaker 5: cap and you can see the dust inside the little. 327 00:14:15,760 --> 00:14:16,679 Speaker 1: It kind of looks for everyone. 328 00:14:16,760 --> 00:14:18,760 Speaker 3: It looks kind of like a seed pod, right, maybe 329 00:14:18,840 --> 00:14:20,480 Speaker 3: like two and a half inches, and it looks like 330 00:14:20,520 --> 00:14:22,800 Speaker 3: it burst open. Just describing a little for the listeners. 331 00:14:22,840 --> 00:14:26,680 Speaker 3: And I see there's a bunch of whitish yellowish, really 332 00:14:26,920 --> 00:14:29,640 Speaker 3: fine like makeup. Oh yeah, I saw this. 333 00:14:29,720 --> 00:14:30,200 Speaker 2: I would. 334 00:14:31,520 --> 00:14:34,160 Speaker 1: There's a joke in there somewhere, you know, But but no, 335 00:14:34,240 --> 00:14:34,800 Speaker 1: you're right, you're right. 336 00:14:34,800 --> 00:14:36,920 Speaker 2: You're trying to connect to the audience the. 337 00:14:38,880 --> 00:14:43,080 Speaker 5: Really find Yeah, so that's archid seeds. 338 00:14:43,120 --> 00:14:45,960 Speaker 2: So those little flexion there, those are the actual seeds. 339 00:14:46,040 --> 00:14:46,160 Speaker 4: Yes? 340 00:14:46,440 --> 00:14:48,360 Speaker 1: Wow? Is there a number to that? In my head? 341 00:14:48,360 --> 00:14:49,840 Speaker 1: I keep thinking seem like a singular? 342 00:14:50,040 --> 00:14:53,240 Speaker 5: So someone really counted the seat in a potentrum seat 343 00:14:53,320 --> 00:14:55,760 Speaker 5: pot and they came up with three millions, so up 344 00:14:55,800 --> 00:14:59,920 Speaker 5: to three million three individual seat. Now, for the plant, 345 00:15:00,120 --> 00:15:03,080 Speaker 5: it's energy conserving to do it that way because they 346 00:15:03,120 --> 00:15:05,840 Speaker 5: don't need to pack any nutrients in. Right, if you 347 00:15:05,920 --> 00:15:09,040 Speaker 5: eat coin, or if you eat a pee or a pen, 348 00:15:09,120 --> 00:15:11,080 Speaker 5: ninety nine percent of that is going to be starch 349 00:15:11,200 --> 00:15:16,320 Speaker 5: and sugars, carbohydrates. None of that in orchids. So that's 350 00:15:16,400 --> 00:15:20,520 Speaker 5: where the fungus comes in again. And the fungus breaks 351 00:15:20,640 --> 00:15:28,040 Speaker 5: down lipids and fats, turning them into monosaccharides glucose. That's 352 00:15:28,080 --> 00:15:31,280 Speaker 5: how it works. So in the human body it's the 353 00:15:31,360 --> 00:15:34,040 Speaker 5: liver and the kidneys that do it when we lose weight, 354 00:15:34,160 --> 00:15:38,000 Speaker 5: when foot gets burned. Yeah, yeah, And in nature it's 355 00:15:38,000 --> 00:15:38,800 Speaker 5: a fungus doing that. 356 00:15:39,240 --> 00:15:43,320 Speaker 2: So with three million seeds per seed pod, yeah, I'm 357 00:15:43,360 --> 00:15:44,440 Speaker 2: thinking the odds are pretty good. 358 00:15:44,520 --> 00:15:46,800 Speaker 1: Orchid should be everywhere. That's how I was just gonna say. 359 00:15:47,240 --> 00:15:49,560 Speaker 2: But clearly that's not the case. So where do we 360 00:15:49,640 --> 00:15:52,360 Speaker 2: go from three million individual seeds in one seed pod 361 00:15:52,480 --> 00:15:54,800 Speaker 2: to yeah, maybe one or two are going to grow 362 00:15:54,800 --> 00:15:55,400 Speaker 2: if we're lucky. 363 00:15:55,560 --> 00:15:55,760 Speaker 1: Yeah. 364 00:15:56,400 --> 00:16:01,240 Speaker 5: Oftentimes, the relationship between the fungus the or seed as 365 00:16:01,320 --> 00:16:04,280 Speaker 5: high as specific So the fungus cannot be too strong 366 00:16:04,800 --> 00:16:08,960 Speaker 5: because it's put destroy or the sea cannot be too 367 00:16:09,120 --> 00:16:12,320 Speaker 5: weak because then it's blone to trigger gemination. 368 00:16:12,720 --> 00:16:15,160 Speaker 3: So it's not really like parasitic in nature. In my head, 369 00:16:15,200 --> 00:16:17,520 Speaker 3: you know, it's not taking too many resources from the orchid. 370 00:16:17,560 --> 00:16:19,720 Speaker 3: It's definitely more of a symbiosis kind of thing. I 371 00:16:19,760 --> 00:16:20,920 Speaker 3: don't know if you know this answer or not, but 372 00:16:21,040 --> 00:16:23,400 Speaker 3: my brain's like, why did this happen? Like is there 373 00:16:23,480 --> 00:16:26,440 Speaker 3: evidence of when do the organism shift into needing a 374 00:16:26,560 --> 00:16:28,920 Speaker 3: fungus to survive. Perhaps it's always been that way, but 375 00:16:29,280 --> 00:16:32,200 Speaker 3: it makes me wonder maybe the lack of resources and 376 00:16:32,320 --> 00:16:35,040 Speaker 3: they just adapted themselves to living in these like low 377 00:16:35,800 --> 00:16:37,640 Speaker 3: nutrient rich kind of ecosystems. 378 00:16:37,640 --> 00:16:39,440 Speaker 1: I'm thinking, like carnivorous plants something kind. 379 00:16:39,320 --> 00:16:40,560 Speaker 6: Of similar in nature. 380 00:16:40,600 --> 00:16:42,360 Speaker 4: They would have to land near the mother plant in 381 00:16:42,520 --> 00:16:44,440 Speaker 4: order to germinate, where that micrys of fungi is. 382 00:16:44,680 --> 00:16:48,520 Speaker 2: Oh oh okay, when when blown oh wow, so that'd 383 00:16:48,560 --> 00:16:50,960 Speaker 2: be a bummer. Then if the seedpod cracks open on 384 00:16:51,040 --> 00:16:53,320 Speaker 2: a breezy day, they're all blown down away from the 385 00:16:53,400 --> 00:16:55,560 Speaker 2: mother plant, and so the fungus isn't going to be 386 00:16:55,560 --> 00:16:56,600 Speaker 2: available where they land. 387 00:16:56,600 --> 00:17:00,400 Speaker 5: Hoping to find the fungus. So fungi are sumed to 388 00:17:00,480 --> 00:17:04,040 Speaker 5: be on out surfaces everywhere. The only time we ever 389 00:17:04,080 --> 00:17:07,480 Speaker 5: see them is when they've got fruiting bodies, but mushrooms 390 00:17:07,640 --> 00:17:13,080 Speaker 5: or mold. However, the microhyzer the roots is everywhere, just 391 00:17:13,240 --> 00:17:17,600 Speaker 5: not inside for us, so chances are it may find 392 00:17:18,200 --> 00:17:21,600 Speaker 5: the fungus in nature, and some areas seem to be 393 00:17:21,880 --> 00:17:24,879 Speaker 5: prone to have that more than others. Look at Palau 394 00:17:25,320 --> 00:17:29,480 Speaker 5: growing on every tree, growing in the field, growing on 395 00:17:29,840 --> 00:17:33,720 Speaker 5: old boxed mines, which is really soiled when not even 396 00:17:33,840 --> 00:17:36,440 Speaker 5: trees spun and grow. But some of the specta clutters do. 397 00:17:37,840 --> 00:17:41,320 Speaker 5: They are some of them are really conquering species, but 398 00:17:41,600 --> 00:17:44,879 Speaker 5: then retract as soon as the environment changes. 399 00:17:45,400 --> 00:17:47,480 Speaker 3: And you guys have to sort of like recreate this 400 00:17:47,640 --> 00:17:51,040 Speaker 3: kind of concept, the symbiosis here in San Diego. Zoo, Hey, 401 00:17:51,240 --> 00:17:52,919 Speaker 3: I think I've seen you in your fancy little lab 402 00:17:53,000 --> 00:17:55,200 Speaker 3: go going into that micropropagation lab. 403 00:17:55,280 --> 00:17:57,120 Speaker 1: Is that what it's called, right, Yeah, I know it's funny, 404 00:17:57,200 --> 00:17:59,200 Speaker 1: but it's a serious lab. Go. I mean, you guys, 405 00:17:59,320 --> 00:17:59,960 Speaker 1: there's some visuals. 406 00:18:00,040 --> 00:18:00,159 Speaker 4: Oh. 407 00:18:00,760 --> 00:18:03,399 Speaker 1: I was just gonna literally ask you that what are 408 00:18:03,480 --> 00:18:05,520 Speaker 1: you doing? With these by the way, tell me, tell 409 00:18:05,560 --> 00:18:06,280 Speaker 1: me so. 410 00:18:06,640 --> 00:18:09,399 Speaker 5: In the lab, you replace the fungus, and you do 411 00:18:09,560 --> 00:18:13,320 Speaker 5: that by taking sugar, simple sugar, adding it to aga, 412 00:18:13,920 --> 00:18:16,920 Speaker 5: putting in a bunch of other stuff, different sources of nitrogen, 413 00:18:17,720 --> 00:18:20,720 Speaker 5: and then sterilize your seat and sow the seed in 414 00:18:20,760 --> 00:18:24,560 Speaker 5: the sterile enbindment Lamina flowhood is what it's called. You 415 00:18:24,640 --> 00:18:28,840 Speaker 5: get germination and then you perform replates. You keep those 416 00:18:28,960 --> 00:18:33,160 Speaker 5: orchids growing. And that's Pafiopedilum amignacum, really nice bright yellow 417 00:18:33,200 --> 00:18:38,240 Speaker 5: species from southern China, critically endangered in its natural habitat. 418 00:18:38,400 --> 00:18:41,600 Speaker 5: And we've got some plants here that came to us 419 00:18:41,720 --> 00:18:44,720 Speaker 5: I think in nineteen ninety two, and we're able to 420 00:18:44,760 --> 00:18:47,000 Speaker 5: grow out the next generation from seed. 421 00:18:47,160 --> 00:18:49,119 Speaker 2: So for those who aren't watching the video, what he 422 00:18:49,200 --> 00:18:52,040 Speaker 2: has is a jar that looks like a average like 423 00:18:52,119 --> 00:18:56,399 Speaker 2: maybe mason jar size. The bottom inch looks almost like 424 00:18:56,480 --> 00:18:59,520 Speaker 2: a bluish gelatin sort of and that's where the sugars 425 00:18:59,560 --> 00:19:03,040 Speaker 2: are in or the growth media charcoal in there sho okay, 426 00:19:03,359 --> 00:19:05,240 Speaker 2: gives a color oka and so. And then in that 427 00:19:05,400 --> 00:19:07,040 Speaker 2: the rest of the jar is this beautiful orchid with 428 00:19:07,119 --> 00:19:08,640 Speaker 2: its roots going everywhere. 429 00:19:08,440 --> 00:19:10,800 Speaker 3: It's like I'm guessing like a recipe each plant a 430 00:19:10,840 --> 00:19:12,879 Speaker 3: little bit different kind of style and a pinch of this. 431 00:19:14,119 --> 00:19:16,040 Speaker 1: Yeah, I'm just kind of breaking in down. Let's go 432 00:19:16,160 --> 00:19:16,520 Speaker 1: a little bit. 433 00:19:16,560 --> 00:19:20,600 Speaker 3: But no, I'm sure it's really complicated for every species, right, yes. 434 00:19:20,560 --> 00:19:23,440 Speaker 4: Yes, And Hindfried's figured out the secret sauce for a y. 435 00:19:27,960 --> 00:19:29,679 Speaker 1: It's probably a later question. I was like, how did 436 00:19:29,720 --> 00:19:30,240 Speaker 1: you get into this? 437 00:19:30,359 --> 00:19:32,320 Speaker 3: But you have a basically what I'm saying, I am 438 00:19:32,359 --> 00:19:34,200 Speaker 3: not a puzzle person, sir, And I don't think I 439 00:19:34,320 --> 00:19:37,240 Speaker 3: have the patient to sit there and do that kind 440 00:19:37,280 --> 00:19:39,639 Speaker 3: of like detailed work that I've been seeing you too. 441 00:19:39,920 --> 00:19:42,520 Speaker 1: But I imagine it's very and I've seen you work 442 00:19:42,560 --> 00:19:44,159 Speaker 1: and you're so focused when you do that. 443 00:19:44,720 --> 00:19:54,160 Speaker 5: I don't like to do puzzles either, Okay, okay, oh wow, Yeah, Well. 444 00:19:54,080 --> 00:19:57,240 Speaker 2: I've got a question. I remember once before in the 445 00:19:57,359 --> 00:19:59,800 Speaker 2: Orchid House Tour, it was mentioned that there is a 446 00:20:00,520 --> 00:20:04,080 Speaker 2: species of orchid that everybody knows about. Probably have some 447 00:20:04,200 --> 00:20:06,159 Speaker 2: of it in their kitchen, might have some of it 448 00:20:06,240 --> 00:20:07,880 Speaker 2: in their freezer in the form of ice cream. 449 00:20:08,760 --> 00:20:08,960 Speaker 1: Kah. 450 00:20:09,080 --> 00:20:11,440 Speaker 2: I asked just a bit about the vanilla bean, which 451 00:20:11,480 --> 00:20:14,520 Speaker 2: isn't a true bean. Now you had showed us earlier 452 00:20:14,720 --> 00:20:18,200 Speaker 2: the seed pod. That's essentially what the dried version of 453 00:20:18,280 --> 00:20:21,840 Speaker 2: that from the proper species of orchid. It's a certain species, correct. 454 00:20:22,240 --> 00:20:23,879 Speaker 2: I don't know all the details. So just so our 455 00:20:23,920 --> 00:20:26,280 Speaker 2: audience can feel a little more connected to what we're 456 00:20:26,320 --> 00:20:29,720 Speaker 2: talking about today, share some insight about that. That vanilla bean. 457 00:20:29,840 --> 00:20:31,240 Speaker 1: I've never heard either one of you. 458 00:20:32,680 --> 00:20:36,440 Speaker 5: So vanilla planifolia from the state of Fera Cruz. I 459 00:20:36,520 --> 00:20:39,879 Speaker 5: think that's where it started out in Mexico. It was 460 00:20:39,960 --> 00:20:44,399 Speaker 5: imported into Madagascar. I'm in Madagascar. It bust discovered that 461 00:20:44,560 --> 00:20:48,760 Speaker 5: you can hand pollinate the flowers and they got it 462 00:20:48,880 --> 00:20:50,159 Speaker 5: going commercially, so. 463 00:20:50,320 --> 00:20:53,959 Speaker 2: The ones in Madagascar, though the true species originated from 464 00:20:54,000 --> 00:20:59,280 Speaker 2: South America, from Mexico, Mexican, Mexico, and so now they're 465 00:20:59,480 --> 00:21:02,760 Speaker 2: propagated to the level that people have this in their lives. 466 00:21:03,520 --> 00:21:05,439 Speaker 2: But here we are talking about orchids and how all 467 00:21:05,480 --> 00:21:07,760 Speaker 2: these challenges and everything. Is this just a heartier species 468 00:21:07,920 --> 00:21:09,560 Speaker 2: that they figured out to do this with, or is 469 00:21:09,600 --> 00:21:12,240 Speaker 2: it nature of how they have figured to propagated in 470 00:21:12,280 --> 00:21:13,480 Speaker 2: the greenhouse allows. 471 00:21:13,200 --> 00:21:14,280 Speaker 5: Them to do what they need to do to make 472 00:21:14,320 --> 00:21:18,320 Speaker 5: that much well. The do or kids do grow from cuttings. Okay, 473 00:21:18,800 --> 00:21:21,200 Speaker 5: so that's an easy one to propagate. 474 00:21:21,840 --> 00:21:23,560 Speaker 2: So the way you said it makes me think other 475 00:21:23,680 --> 00:21:27,000 Speaker 2: orchids don't grow from cuttings very well, that's. 476 00:21:28,640 --> 00:21:29,480 Speaker 1: Christy is saying no. 477 00:21:30,600 --> 00:21:33,280 Speaker 4: And I will mention one of our first plants here. 478 00:21:33,440 --> 00:21:35,160 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, Oh that's a cool looking one. 479 00:21:35,480 --> 00:21:37,760 Speaker 4: This is epened UNDERM. E. Lens. So this was one 480 00:21:37,760 --> 00:21:40,280 Speaker 4: of the first ones we hand pollinated in our orchid 481 00:21:40,320 --> 00:21:43,080 Speaker 4: house and grew from. 482 00:21:43,000 --> 00:21:45,480 Speaker 3: A seed and long tends should describe it a little like, 483 00:21:45,800 --> 00:21:47,320 Speaker 3: we're not a flower on it yet, but it has 484 00:21:47,320 --> 00:21:49,760 Speaker 3: almost like a bamboo tendral kind of to it, right. 485 00:21:50,080 --> 00:21:52,480 Speaker 4: Yes, yes, it's a habit is a little bit more 486 00:21:52,600 --> 00:21:56,640 Speaker 4: like bamboo almost as far as like a small ground bamboo. Yeah, 487 00:21:56,640 --> 00:21:59,840 Speaker 4: where it has kind of like long stems with leaves 488 00:22:00,119 --> 00:22:04,320 Speaker 4: going off of it in strap shaped leaves. This particular individual, 489 00:22:04,520 --> 00:22:07,120 Speaker 4: so our orchid specialist that was in the orchid house 490 00:22:07,200 --> 00:22:09,920 Speaker 4: for twenty nine years, Jeanet Garrity, and when I was 491 00:22:09,960 --> 00:22:13,200 Speaker 4: first in the orchid house as a plant propagator when 492 00:22:13,240 --> 00:22:16,480 Speaker 4: we first started the micropropagation lab, she mentioned that this 493 00:22:16,800 --> 00:22:20,080 Speaker 4: was one of the high priority species of growing more 494 00:22:20,119 --> 00:22:22,879 Speaker 4: of Oh really, because we only had one in our collection. 495 00:22:23,920 --> 00:22:28,080 Speaker 4: It was found in the late nineteen seventies from trees 496 00:22:28,119 --> 00:22:31,000 Speaker 4: that had fallen and it was rescued from that area 497 00:22:31,080 --> 00:22:34,159 Speaker 4: in botanic gardens. And then now it's believed to be 498 00:22:34,200 --> 00:22:34,960 Speaker 4: extinct in the wild. 499 00:22:35,040 --> 00:22:37,320 Speaker 2: Oh wow, really, so we only. 500 00:22:37,200 --> 00:22:39,680 Speaker 4: Had one individual, so we hand pollinated. We got another 501 00:22:39,720 --> 00:22:42,000 Speaker 4: individual out of that, which is unusual. Usually you get 502 00:22:42,119 --> 00:22:48,520 Speaker 4: hundreds or none. Really, there was one individual that germinated. Yes, 503 00:22:48,640 --> 00:22:50,840 Speaker 4: and you hear that one on and that one's in 504 00:22:50,840 --> 00:22:53,600 Speaker 4: the orchid house now. And then the mother plant actually 505 00:22:53,840 --> 00:22:56,879 Speaker 4: was virused, so we have what do you mean by that? 506 00:22:57,200 --> 00:23:00,960 Speaker 4: So orchids can get a virus in collections, so we 507 00:23:01,080 --> 00:23:03,840 Speaker 4: have to make sure we're virus testing. So Heinfrie does 508 00:23:03,880 --> 00:23:06,919 Speaker 4: that a lot with volunteers, virus testing and making sure 509 00:23:06,920 --> 00:23:10,480 Speaker 4: our collection is clean from viruses. So it's good that 510 00:23:10,560 --> 00:23:14,159 Speaker 4: we have now babies. This is a later baby. This 511 00:23:14,359 --> 00:23:16,960 Speaker 4: is from twenty sixteen, but the other one was from 512 00:23:17,320 --> 00:23:19,320 Speaker 4: two thousand and six, I believe, And that one's too 513 00:23:19,359 --> 00:23:20,199 Speaker 4: big to bring over here. 514 00:23:20,640 --> 00:23:22,920 Speaker 3: Fough moving a little bit in conservation, but in a 515 00:23:22,920 --> 00:23:25,159 Speaker 3: way it's so connected. But I'm thinking about wildlife trafficking, 516 00:23:25,160 --> 00:23:27,680 Speaker 3: and I'm sure there's some listeners right now wondering, well, 517 00:23:27,800 --> 00:23:30,399 Speaker 3: I love orchids, I want them in my house, but 518 00:23:30,520 --> 00:23:33,280 Speaker 3: I don't want to negatively impact populations in the wild. 519 00:23:33,560 --> 00:23:35,520 Speaker 3: Can you give us some tips for our listeners, like 520 00:23:35,720 --> 00:23:37,399 Speaker 3: what would you recommend to them if they wanted to 521 00:23:37,440 --> 00:23:39,840 Speaker 3: have an orchid in their home or maybe you're discouraged that. 522 00:23:39,920 --> 00:23:41,280 Speaker 1: Well, what's your opinion on that? What do you guys 523 00:23:41,320 --> 00:23:41,879 Speaker 1: have to say about it? 524 00:23:42,680 --> 00:23:46,639 Speaker 5: Well, obviously, if those plants Trader jows are not a problem, 525 00:23:46,800 --> 00:23:50,240 Speaker 5: they're all lap propagated. And if you buy orchids, just 526 00:23:50,359 --> 00:23:53,840 Speaker 5: make sure they're from a good source. Yeah, ask where 527 00:23:53,840 --> 00:23:56,520 Speaker 5: they're from, a nustry that you trust. 528 00:23:56,800 --> 00:23:59,399 Speaker 3: Oh, that's a good point to be responsible consumer, like 529 00:23:59,440 --> 00:24:01,680 Speaker 3: we talked about. Yeah, yeah, exactly, kind of the same 530 00:24:01,720 --> 00:24:02,399 Speaker 3: exact gang. 531 00:24:02,600 --> 00:24:05,800 Speaker 4: Is all orchids are on SIS. They're side is regulated, 532 00:24:06,119 --> 00:24:09,000 Speaker 4: so which means that you can't bring orchids into the 533 00:24:09,040 --> 00:24:10,520 Speaker 4: country without having proper permits. 534 00:24:10,600 --> 00:24:12,919 Speaker 3: Yeah right, Yeah, it good reminded to you when you're traveling. 535 00:24:12,960 --> 00:24:15,520 Speaker 3: You know, Oh your money speaks right, Yeah, say that 536 00:24:15,520 --> 00:24:15,960 Speaker 3: again for you. 537 00:24:16,080 --> 00:24:17,560 Speaker 4: Yeah, don't put one in your suitcase. 538 00:24:17,960 --> 00:24:19,120 Speaker 1: Not put it in your suitcase. 539 00:24:20,040 --> 00:24:22,639 Speaker 4: We'll get confiscated and we're a plant rescue center, so 540 00:24:23,320 --> 00:24:27,159 Speaker 4: any orchids. We just got a confiscation last month, and 541 00:24:27,480 --> 00:24:30,440 Speaker 4: many of our orchids came to us by border confiscations. 542 00:24:30,600 --> 00:24:33,080 Speaker 4: We started as a plant rescue center in nineteen eighty eight. 543 00:24:33,400 --> 00:24:34,400 Speaker 1: Oh wow, that's great. 544 00:24:34,480 --> 00:24:36,480 Speaker 4: And so what we do is a plant rescue center 545 00:24:36,560 --> 00:24:40,280 Speaker 4: is house those individual orchids that came across into the 546 00:24:40,320 --> 00:24:44,120 Speaker 4: country without the proper permits, and then we keep them 547 00:24:44,280 --> 00:24:46,560 Speaker 4: in our collection and then we are able to propagate them. 548 00:24:46,640 --> 00:24:49,040 Speaker 4: Heindfried's done a great job propagating a lot of those 549 00:24:49,200 --> 00:24:52,760 Speaker 4: pathio pedlums that came into US as border confiscations. So 550 00:24:52,880 --> 00:24:55,080 Speaker 4: we're trying to just get more of them so that 551 00:24:55,440 --> 00:24:58,000 Speaker 4: propagate have more babies that we can share with other 552 00:24:58,080 --> 00:24:59,920 Speaker 4: Botannica gardens that are plant rescue centers. 553 00:25:00,440 --> 00:25:02,000 Speaker 2: Now, you had mentioned the one you had picked up 554 00:25:02,000 --> 00:25:05,040 Speaker 2: earlier that it is basically extinct in the wild. Are 555 00:25:05,080 --> 00:25:07,040 Speaker 2: there other species of workers here at the San Diego 556 00:25:07,080 --> 00:25:08,240 Speaker 2: Zoo that are extinct in the wild. 557 00:25:08,640 --> 00:25:10,200 Speaker 4: Heinfried's going to talk about a few of those. 558 00:25:10,240 --> 00:25:13,720 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, right, sir, spill the sea. 559 00:25:14,200 --> 00:25:17,800 Speaker 5: Well, there is Paffio pedilum jewellery eye from the Southern 560 00:25:17,880 --> 00:25:22,040 Speaker 5: States of India, one of the most isolated Paffiopedilum populations 561 00:25:22,920 --> 00:25:25,760 Speaker 5: discovered for the first time around the turn of the 562 00:25:25,840 --> 00:25:30,520 Speaker 5: century eighteenth into nineteenth hundred century. People went in cleared 563 00:25:30,520 --> 00:25:34,200 Speaker 5: out the stand, rediscovered for a second time in nineteen 564 00:25:34,280 --> 00:25:39,199 Speaker 5: seventy and then there is even an article rediscovering Pafio 565 00:25:39,200 --> 00:25:42,879 Speaker 5: Pedilum jewellry I where the author of that article at 566 00:25:42,920 --> 00:25:48,120 Speaker 5: the same time had a nursery and exported plants from 567 00:25:48,640 --> 00:25:53,359 Speaker 5: India to Nairobi, Kinya, and from Kenya to Europe and 568 00:25:53,480 --> 00:25:57,520 Speaker 5: to the United States. So that second stand in nature 569 00:25:57,720 --> 00:26:01,200 Speaker 5: is extinct. Once in a while you'll hear how there's 570 00:26:01,240 --> 00:26:04,800 Speaker 5: one growing in the forest or so, but nothing affirmed, 571 00:26:04,840 --> 00:26:09,680 Speaker 5: no solid evidence, rightid evidence. So those two big populations 572 00:26:10,000 --> 00:26:15,120 Speaker 5: are gone. And that's Pafio piedilum jewelry a. Pafio Pedilum 573 00:26:15,320 --> 00:26:19,320 Speaker 5: taigrinum used to grow in Myanma and China, and from 574 00:26:19,359 --> 00:26:22,479 Speaker 5: what I'm hearing at the moment, it's growing in China. 575 00:26:23,160 --> 00:26:25,240 Speaker 5: No sighting in Miyanma for a while. 576 00:26:25,760 --> 00:26:28,680 Speaker 3: Wow, is there certain regions in the world where they're 577 00:26:28,680 --> 00:26:29,720 Speaker 3: really getting hit really hard. 578 00:26:29,800 --> 00:26:31,120 Speaker 1: I'm hearing Asia a lot. 579 00:26:31,160 --> 00:26:34,159 Speaker 3: South Southern Pacific area there's a lot of issues going 580 00:26:34,200 --> 00:26:36,800 Speaker 3: in orchards in particularly allow As an example. 581 00:26:36,760 --> 00:26:42,399 Speaker 5: And Indonesia as well. Yes, Borneo. So there are plants 582 00:26:42,520 --> 00:26:48,680 Speaker 5: like Paffiopedilum stoniai that's really rare, and paffio Pedilum sandrium. 583 00:26:49,840 --> 00:26:53,760 Speaker 5: They grow in areas. One grows in an area limited 584 00:26:53,840 --> 00:26:57,359 Speaker 5: to eight square kilometers, the other one grows in area 585 00:26:57,440 --> 00:27:01,760 Speaker 5: limited to four square kilometers with one subpopulation. The other 586 00:27:01,880 --> 00:27:05,760 Speaker 5: one I don't think even has been assessed since twenty fourteen, 587 00:27:06,720 --> 00:27:09,639 Speaker 5: so the area of distribution is real this month. If 588 00:27:09,720 --> 00:27:13,280 Speaker 5: you then have protests going in taking plants out, doesn't 589 00:27:13,400 --> 00:27:13,919 Speaker 5: end well. 590 00:27:14,080 --> 00:27:17,720 Speaker 2: No, not at all. Wow, sitting here listening to you 591 00:27:18,000 --> 00:27:21,320 Speaker 2: speak about this, your depth and breadth of knowledge is 592 00:27:21,520 --> 00:27:25,520 Speaker 2: amazing both of you. Obviously, if there's a listener out 593 00:27:25,560 --> 00:27:27,359 Speaker 2: there who's like, I love plants too, and they're like 594 00:27:27,400 --> 00:27:28,879 Speaker 2: maybe there are hobbies but they want to get into 595 00:27:28,920 --> 00:27:31,040 Speaker 2: it as a profession, or they're coming up in college 596 00:27:31,040 --> 00:27:32,040 Speaker 2: and they can't figure it out, but they know they 597 00:27:32,080 --> 00:27:35,639 Speaker 2: are plants. How did you get into what you do? 598 00:27:35,880 --> 00:27:37,920 Speaker 2: Because it's not just I'm going to take care of 599 00:27:37,960 --> 00:27:40,400 Speaker 2: plants in a greenhouse. You're in a lab. Also, you're 600 00:27:40,480 --> 00:27:42,800 Speaker 2: doing so much work. How does one get into this 601 00:27:42,960 --> 00:27:43,480 Speaker 2: line of work? 602 00:27:43,800 --> 00:27:44,160 Speaker 1: Is that got? 603 00:27:44,160 --> 00:27:44,320 Speaker 2: Really? 604 00:27:44,359 --> 00:27:44,840 Speaker 1: What your back? 605 00:27:47,080 --> 00:27:49,760 Speaker 5: My backstory is that I got a book about orchids 606 00:27:49,800 --> 00:27:52,359 Speaker 5: when I was ten years old, Oh really, and the 607 00:27:52,440 --> 00:27:57,160 Speaker 5: wee later had my first orchid courtesy grandma, and they've 608 00:27:57,240 --> 00:27:59,040 Speaker 5: always been around a. 609 00:27:59,040 --> 00:28:03,960 Speaker 1: Little hind fried with aic is a grandma. That's my story. 610 00:28:04,320 --> 00:28:07,920 Speaker 5: And then my mom was a nurse and she showed 611 00:28:07,960 --> 00:28:10,399 Speaker 5: me how to do the sterid work, like first of 612 00:28:10,440 --> 00:28:13,560 Speaker 5: all in steam over a pot, how to keep your 613 00:28:13,760 --> 00:28:17,760 Speaker 5: kitchen steroid doing it and then eventually soapbox. So I 614 00:28:17,840 --> 00:28:21,560 Speaker 5: did that sewing when I was sixteen because you could 615 00:28:21,640 --> 00:28:26,040 Speaker 5: get instant media was a company in Frankfurt on courser 616 00:28:26,080 --> 00:28:29,320 Speaker 5: Eickenheimer Launch Trasser. That's where I bought my instant media 617 00:28:29,480 --> 00:28:30,920 Speaker 5: and then just went to town. 618 00:28:31,560 --> 00:28:34,119 Speaker 2: Okay, obviously this is a home brew situation for you. 619 00:28:34,359 --> 00:28:35,399 Speaker 1: Yeah, I mean there's a president. 620 00:28:36,359 --> 00:28:40,480 Speaker 2: Would there be a line of education or a route 621 00:28:40,600 --> 00:28:42,520 Speaker 2: someone could go if they don't have a grandma giving 622 00:28:42,560 --> 00:28:44,040 Speaker 2: them an orchid, if they don't have a mother who's 623 00:28:44,040 --> 00:28:48,480 Speaker 2: a nurse, I know, right, Family support goes a long way, obviously, 624 00:28:48,920 --> 00:28:51,360 Speaker 2: but is there a line of education that would help 625 00:28:51,400 --> 00:28:52,800 Speaker 2: bring someone into this world. 626 00:28:53,280 --> 00:28:57,240 Speaker 5: An apprenticeship in the nursery and you specialize in orchid 627 00:28:57,320 --> 00:29:02,280 Speaker 5: nursery with a lab adjacent lab to learn what you're doing. 628 00:29:02,920 --> 00:29:06,120 Speaker 5: And then if you want to study biology, buttony, study 629 00:29:06,200 --> 00:29:08,320 Speaker 5: Boligi buttony now because. 630 00:29:08,120 --> 00:29:10,440 Speaker 1: They can ask you, what about you? What's your origin story? 631 00:29:10,640 --> 00:29:10,840 Speaker 2: Yeah? 632 00:29:10,960 --> 00:29:13,560 Speaker 4: So when I was in high school, I was involved 633 00:29:13,600 --> 00:29:15,600 Speaker 4: in FFA agriculture. 634 00:29:15,160 --> 00:29:17,480 Speaker 6: Education really too. 635 00:29:17,560 --> 00:29:19,320 Speaker 1: He went more than ammal war. Apparently you went the 636 00:29:19,360 --> 00:29:19,840 Speaker 1: plant route. 637 00:29:19,840 --> 00:29:21,800 Speaker 6: But yes, I did do poultry judging and that was 638 00:29:22,800 --> 00:29:24,040 Speaker 6: that's another podcast episode. 639 00:29:24,640 --> 00:29:27,400 Speaker 1: Different sites focused on the plants, right, But that's great. 640 00:29:28,360 --> 00:29:31,160 Speaker 4: Right, Yes, So I found horticulture science, oh wow, to 641 00:29:31,320 --> 00:29:35,160 Speaker 4: be my passion. So we had horticulture judging contests and 642 00:29:35,320 --> 00:29:37,040 Speaker 4: then I realized you could have a career in this. 643 00:29:37,480 --> 00:29:40,040 Speaker 4: So I went on to school at Purdue University and 644 00:29:40,200 --> 00:29:43,440 Speaker 4: got my undergrad in horticulture science and my master's in 645 00:29:43,480 --> 00:29:47,200 Speaker 4: agriculture Extension education, and then moved out here twenty three 646 00:29:47,240 --> 00:29:49,120 Speaker 4: years ago and found a job at the San Diego 647 00:29:49,200 --> 00:29:50,120 Speaker 4: Zoo in the nursery. 648 00:29:51,040 --> 00:29:52,640 Speaker 2: So you started off in the nursery and you've just 649 00:29:52,720 --> 00:29:54,160 Speaker 2: kind of worked your way up here. I remember we 650 00:29:54,240 --> 00:29:56,000 Speaker 2: worked there in the past when I was back in children. 651 00:29:57,440 --> 00:30:00,920 Speaker 1: Really yeah, wow, yeah, that's awesome. 652 00:30:01,120 --> 00:30:02,760 Speaker 3: You know, it's a cheesy line, you guys, but I 653 00:30:02,760 --> 00:30:05,480 Speaker 3: always like to hype up horticulture and everything that you 654 00:30:05,520 --> 00:30:07,480 Speaker 3: guys do, because when you walk through the zoo and 655 00:30:07,600 --> 00:30:09,880 Speaker 3: I'm into my zone, you know, and the lights flickering 656 00:30:09,960 --> 00:30:12,000 Speaker 3: through the trees, and I think, like, no, just to 657 00:30:12,120 --> 00:30:14,160 Speaker 3: the animals that we have here, which are amazing, but 658 00:30:14,240 --> 00:30:17,400 Speaker 3: it's really the plants that create this beautiful vibrance. 659 00:30:17,400 --> 00:30:19,360 Speaker 1: See this vibe that we got here at San Diego 660 00:30:19,440 --> 00:30:21,280 Speaker 1: Zoo and it's a fari park and you guys do 661 00:30:21,560 --> 00:30:22,720 Speaker 1: such an amazing job. 662 00:30:22,920 --> 00:30:24,800 Speaker 3: And I just really want to encourage all the listeners 663 00:30:24,880 --> 00:30:26,400 Speaker 3: that when you go to the zoo in the park, 664 00:30:26,760 --> 00:30:29,000 Speaker 3: I always tell them stop for a moment, take a breath, 665 00:30:29,360 --> 00:30:31,880 Speaker 3: and look around, especially the plant life because. 666 00:30:31,680 --> 00:30:32,640 Speaker 1: It is incredible. 667 00:30:32,680 --> 00:30:34,640 Speaker 3: Like one of my favorite areas is Africa rocks, like 668 00:30:34,680 --> 00:30:36,040 Speaker 3: the points that they are really great. 669 00:30:36,240 --> 00:30:37,720 Speaker 1: I'm curious for you guys at the zoo. 670 00:30:37,800 --> 00:30:40,400 Speaker 3: Oh yeah, do you have favorite spot that you'd recommend 671 00:30:40,560 --> 00:30:43,520 Speaker 3: for Oh, carnivorous plant suit, you don't forget that. Any 672 00:30:43,560 --> 00:30:45,360 Speaker 3: other spot for you guys, It can be those two, 673 00:30:45,440 --> 00:30:47,400 Speaker 3: but any other spots you are a big fan. 674 00:30:47,320 --> 00:30:51,080 Speaker 1: Of that, you'd recommend progression can Yeah, we brought that 675 00:30:51,200 --> 00:30:51,680 Speaker 1: one before. 676 00:30:51,880 --> 00:30:53,880 Speaker 4: Nice place to go in a hot summer day. 677 00:30:54,080 --> 00:30:56,080 Speaker 2: Yeah, it's a whole different ecosystem on a hot day. 678 00:30:56,480 --> 00:30:56,880 Speaker 5: So good. 679 00:30:57,000 --> 00:30:59,560 Speaker 3: Yeah, I've read some books over their fern canyon is gorgeous. 680 00:31:00,040 --> 00:31:01,240 Speaker 3: Hind Friday especially. 681 00:31:04,840 --> 00:31:05,280 Speaker 1: Straight up. 682 00:31:05,400 --> 00:31:08,240 Speaker 3: Yeah, and a reminder, guessing, come right again, just visit 683 00:31:08,360 --> 00:31:10,040 Speaker 3: the website and you can see the plant days and 684 00:31:10,240 --> 00:31:11,960 Speaker 3: friend you were saying, there's also like a bus tour 685 00:31:12,240 --> 00:31:13,080 Speaker 3: that happens as well. 686 00:31:13,440 --> 00:31:16,240 Speaker 6: Yes, the third Friday of the month, every third Friday. 687 00:31:15,960 --> 00:31:18,200 Speaker 1: Of the month, a specific bus tour. Is it called 688 00:31:18,240 --> 00:31:19,520 Speaker 1: the plant tour orchid tour? 689 00:31:19,600 --> 00:31:22,880 Speaker 4: Botanical bus Touranical eleven and eleven? 690 00:31:23,320 --> 00:31:26,560 Speaker 2: Pretty sure. If you become a member, you get to 691 00:31:26,600 --> 00:31:28,440 Speaker 2: sing in the mail called the Journal that also has 692 00:31:28,480 --> 00:31:30,480 Speaker 2: a calendar once a year that it has a plant 693 00:31:30,560 --> 00:31:34,320 Speaker 2: dates marked on it for you already. Well, yes, website 694 00:31:35,000 --> 00:31:36,800 Speaker 2: website too, yes of course, but I'm just thinking if 695 00:31:36,800 --> 00:31:40,880 Speaker 2: you're gonna come for the plant tours the animals membership. 696 00:31:44,320 --> 00:31:47,240 Speaker 4: Joe, No, the neighbors Plant Greenhouse is open. 697 00:31:47,880 --> 00:31:48,040 Speaker 1: Yeah. 698 00:31:48,520 --> 00:31:54,240 Speaker 3: He plants run over here to you whenever are orchids 699 00:31:54,320 --> 00:31:57,000 Speaker 3: sometimes available any species, just so in case our guests 700 00:31:57,000 --> 00:31:58,480 Speaker 3: are curious during plant sales. 701 00:31:58,680 --> 00:31:59,960 Speaker 4: Yes, heinfreed's been hard at work. 702 00:32:00,240 --> 00:32:01,600 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, are you working on that? 703 00:32:03,080 --> 00:32:03,280 Speaker 2: Yeah? 704 00:32:03,400 --> 00:32:05,840 Speaker 5: Next Friday, next plant is for the first time we'll 705 00:32:05,920 --> 00:32:10,080 Speaker 5: offer in vitro little seedlings oh that our guests can 706 00:32:10,440 --> 00:32:13,960 Speaker 5: de flask and put on medium. Oh wow, so see 707 00:32:14,000 --> 00:32:14,640 Speaker 5: how that goes. 708 00:32:14,840 --> 00:32:17,440 Speaker 2: So that was an opportunity to be a participant in 709 00:32:17,480 --> 00:32:20,440 Speaker 2: the work you do, at least experience how exactly that is? 710 00:32:20,520 --> 00:32:21,520 Speaker 2: So cool? I'm going to come for that. 711 00:32:24,480 --> 00:32:25,240 Speaker 1: Oh that's great. 712 00:32:25,320 --> 00:32:27,680 Speaker 3: Well I think there's yeah, one more question that one 713 00:32:27,720 --> 00:32:30,040 Speaker 3: more question orchid wise, do you have a favorite orchid? 714 00:32:30,120 --> 00:32:30,400 Speaker 4: And why? 715 00:32:30,480 --> 00:32:32,240 Speaker 3: I want to know, because you know, we have favorite 716 00:32:32,280 --> 00:32:34,880 Speaker 3: animals like his is a venture on. Mine's a crested 717 00:32:34,960 --> 00:32:37,200 Speaker 3: kata gotta. And if it's not an orchid, that's okay. 718 00:32:37,280 --> 00:32:38,400 Speaker 3: So how about I'll make it easier. 719 00:32:38,480 --> 00:32:40,640 Speaker 1: You have a favorite plant that really just like pops 720 00:32:40,720 --> 00:32:41,200 Speaker 1: up in your head. 721 00:32:41,680 --> 00:32:42,240 Speaker 6: I'll start. 722 00:32:42,800 --> 00:32:45,240 Speaker 4: I remember when I was in Palau, this first time 723 00:32:45,240 --> 00:32:47,800 Speaker 4: I've ever seen orchids just stripping from the trees, and 724 00:32:48,360 --> 00:32:52,920 Speaker 4: we were looking really hard for podium frasinides, okay, and 725 00:32:53,080 --> 00:32:54,880 Speaker 4: it was way up in the tree and we actually 726 00:32:54,960 --> 00:32:58,400 Speaker 4: found one. It's a spotted flower, yellow with red spots, 727 00:32:58,400 --> 00:33:00,800 Speaker 4: and it's just beautiful. And just to see that in 728 00:33:00,960 --> 00:33:03,520 Speaker 4: the wild. And then with exit you conservation, we're able 729 00:33:03,560 --> 00:33:05,720 Speaker 4: to bring some seeds back and sew them here and 730 00:33:05,840 --> 00:33:08,880 Speaker 4: then share our findings and help out with conservation and 731 00:33:09,120 --> 00:33:10,640 Speaker 4: propagation and palau as well. 732 00:33:10,800 --> 00:33:13,160 Speaker 1: That must been so overwhelming seeing that out in the wild. 733 00:33:13,240 --> 00:33:14,960 Speaker 3: I remember when I saw condos for the first time 734 00:33:15,000 --> 00:33:17,520 Speaker 3: in a while, I just I teared like a blubbering baby. 735 00:33:17,760 --> 00:33:19,640 Speaker 1: Everyone else in the car, not zoo people, they were 736 00:33:19,680 --> 00:33:22,080 Speaker 1: just laughing at me, but it was so impact. That's 737 00:33:22,120 --> 00:33:23,760 Speaker 1: really cool. How about you, hein Fred, Do you have 738 00:33:23,800 --> 00:33:24,280 Speaker 1: a favorite? 739 00:33:25,640 --> 00:33:28,880 Speaker 5: Not really, No, not really a favorite. I love all 740 00:33:28,920 --> 00:33:31,960 Speaker 5: of them when they're in flower. I started collecting because 741 00:33:32,000 --> 00:33:36,840 Speaker 5: I really like Katlea Dowhana, Katla Rex and c Clia Marie. 742 00:33:37,800 --> 00:33:40,440 Speaker 5: But no, they're all beautiful and they're own right whenever 743 00:33:40,520 --> 00:33:44,240 Speaker 5: they're flowering. Some have beautiful leaves, others have beautiful flowers. 744 00:33:44,240 --> 00:33:46,880 Speaker 5: I couldn't commit myself to only one I wanted. 745 00:33:47,000 --> 00:33:49,480 Speaker 1: Do you remember the type of orchid your grandma ebe 746 00:33:49,520 --> 00:33:50,840 Speaker 1: when you were a kid. Do you remember. 747 00:33:50,920 --> 00:33:54,560 Speaker 5: Katla labiata hybrid. Yes, oh that's how it started. 748 00:33:54,880 --> 00:33:55,360 Speaker 1: Oh wow. 749 00:33:55,640 --> 00:33:57,760 Speaker 3: Is there any final words of wisdom that you want 750 00:33:57,800 --> 00:34:00,360 Speaker 3: to tell our listeners before we enter today's awesome orchid 751 00:34:00,400 --> 00:34:02,440 Speaker 3: conversation or something you wish you want them to know. 752 00:34:03,120 --> 00:34:06,720 Speaker 4: I would say, just to plants in general, So just 753 00:34:06,840 --> 00:34:09,520 Speaker 4: be curious and to look at the world around you 754 00:34:09,920 --> 00:34:12,960 Speaker 4: and do research. And you know, I naturalist is a 755 00:34:13,000 --> 00:34:15,320 Speaker 4: good way to do too. And we talked about with 756 00:34:15,440 --> 00:34:17,640 Speaker 4: the oaks. We have the oak Watch. Ye, so there's 757 00:34:17,680 --> 00:34:19,600 Speaker 4: lots of ways that you can be involved with nature 758 00:34:19,840 --> 00:34:21,960 Speaker 4: and learn about the plants around. 759 00:34:21,760 --> 00:34:23,359 Speaker 6: You and go that way. 760 00:34:23,440 --> 00:34:24,399 Speaker 1: Yeah, that's great. 761 00:34:24,440 --> 00:34:27,440 Speaker 5: Whatever you hand fried, don't over a wata your or kids. 762 00:34:28,920 --> 00:34:30,759 Speaker 3: Admittedly I didn't want to say, as some embarrassed I 763 00:34:30,800 --> 00:34:32,439 Speaker 3: could never keep one alive in my house. 764 00:34:32,520 --> 00:34:33,799 Speaker 1: I'll tell you right now I think. 765 00:34:33,880 --> 00:34:34,719 Speaker 6: Don't use ice cubes. 766 00:34:35,160 --> 00:34:36,280 Speaker 1: Don't use ice cubes. 767 00:34:36,480 --> 00:34:39,000 Speaker 5: Never use ice use ice cubes. If people do that, well, 768 00:34:39,200 --> 00:34:43,360 Speaker 5: it's even printed on the labor it it's the greatest 769 00:34:43,800 --> 00:34:49,520 Speaker 5: gimmick because shoot, Dumba's right, six weeks later you have 770 00:34:49,600 --> 00:34:51,800 Speaker 5: to bind new ones. So never use ice cubes and 771 00:34:51,880 --> 00:34:52,760 Speaker 5: don't over wata. 772 00:34:52,960 --> 00:34:55,759 Speaker 3: Okay, no ice cubes don't over water. You heard it today, 773 00:34:55,840 --> 00:34:58,000 Speaker 3: folks from the specialist here in San Diego Zoo. 774 00:34:58,160 --> 00:35:00,520 Speaker 2: Well, thank you both so very much for taking time 775 00:35:00,600 --> 00:35:02,440 Speaker 2: and allowing us to come in and be in your 776 00:35:02,520 --> 00:35:05,200 Speaker 2: space here with your plants. It's amazing, so I really 777 00:35:05,239 --> 00:35:05,680 Speaker 2: appreciate it. 778 00:35:05,719 --> 00:35:08,359 Speaker 5: Thank you, Yeah, thank you, thank you much for giving 779 00:35:08,440 --> 00:35:10,920 Speaker 5: us the chance to introduce ar kids to the public. 780 00:35:11,320 --> 00:35:15,319 Speaker 1: Oh, it was our pleasure, Like orchid knuckles. Awesome, guys, 781 00:35:16,160 --> 00:35:21,040 Speaker 1: that was great. Thank you so much. Oh man, I 782 00:35:21,200 --> 00:35:23,040 Speaker 1: learned so much. Rick, that was amazing. 783 00:35:23,320 --> 00:35:25,719 Speaker 2: I mean, it's just a reminder about how much the 784 00:35:25,800 --> 00:35:28,520 Speaker 2: San Diego Zoo wild Lifelants does for plants and that 785 00:35:28,719 --> 00:35:30,520 Speaker 2: tip to our horticulture team. I know you and I 786 00:35:30,560 --> 00:35:32,840 Speaker 2: have highlighted them before last year from bamboo and we 787 00:35:32,920 --> 00:35:35,960 Speaker 2: talked about the oaks as well. But I think spaces 788 00:35:36,000 --> 00:35:38,480 Speaker 2: like this greenhouse people don't even know exist they walk 789 00:35:38,560 --> 00:35:39,880 Speaker 2: by it because it's not open every day to. 790 00:35:39,840 --> 00:35:40,880 Speaker 1: The right, but we learned. 791 00:35:40,960 --> 00:35:43,600 Speaker 3: We learned again the publican access visit the website, but 792 00:35:43,680 --> 00:35:46,359 Speaker 3: it's every third Friday. Come to the Orchid House. There 793 00:35:46,400 --> 00:35:48,839 Speaker 3: may be a plant sale going on and it's open 794 00:35:49,000 --> 00:35:51,280 Speaker 3: ten to two. And also one of my favorite places. 795 00:35:51,360 --> 00:35:54,560 Speaker 3: Carnivorous Area is open ten to one, and we also 796 00:35:54,680 --> 00:35:57,840 Speaker 3: have botanical plant tours happening at eleven and Newts and 797 00:35:57,920 --> 00:35:59,320 Speaker 3: that's on the bus, right, that's on the busy. 798 00:36:00,000 --> 00:36:02,080 Speaker 1: Definitely come here every third Friday. And that was really 799 00:36:02,120 --> 00:36:02,560 Speaker 1: really cool. 800 00:36:02,719 --> 00:36:04,440 Speaker 2: And I think you know you'd mentioned during the interview too, 801 00:36:04,640 --> 00:36:08,640 Speaker 2: just how important it is to understand the plants because realistically, yes, 802 00:36:08,760 --> 00:36:10,480 Speaker 2: we're a zoo, we have the animals, but all of 803 00:36:10,560 --> 00:36:13,719 Speaker 2: us rely on plants, not only for air but for energy, Like, yeah, 804 00:36:13,760 --> 00:36:16,959 Speaker 2: they transform the sun into things we can use for food. 805 00:36:17,080 --> 00:36:18,920 Speaker 3: I no, I mean, I'm sure you and I know, 806 00:36:19,000 --> 00:36:21,200 Speaker 3: but there's like seven hundred thousand plants that live here 807 00:36:21,239 --> 00:36:23,400 Speaker 3: at the San Diego so it's definitely worth visiting. 808 00:36:23,640 --> 00:36:25,520 Speaker 1: And my friend, I do love the zoo, but I'm 809 00:36:25,640 --> 00:36:27,040 Speaker 1: extra excited because. 810 00:36:27,040 --> 00:36:29,520 Speaker 3: There's a slight possibility that we're going to be going 811 00:36:29,560 --> 00:36:31,560 Speaker 3: to the Safari Park to the next episode and maybe 812 00:36:31,640 --> 00:36:33,920 Speaker 3: talking about little feathery friend right, well, you. 813 00:36:33,960 --> 00:36:35,320 Speaker 2: Know you want to talk about. 814 00:36:36,680 --> 00:36:38,640 Speaker 3: I know they haven't really decided yet the powers to 815 00:36:38,719 --> 00:36:40,560 Speaker 3: be but if I say it now, you know and 816 00:36:40,719 --> 00:36:41,680 Speaker 3: really get it on camera. 817 00:36:41,840 --> 00:36:42,960 Speaker 2: But do you even like birds? 818 00:36:43,600 --> 00:36:45,960 Speaker 1: Do I? Love birds. Sure, I've been choked out of 819 00:36:46,000 --> 00:36:49,400 Speaker 1: my seat. No, but I'm excited what we might talk. 820 00:36:49,239 --> 00:36:51,759 Speaker 3: About the thick bill parrot, which is a remarkable parrot 821 00:36:51,840 --> 00:36:54,680 Speaker 3: that is local to the United States and in Makeles. 822 00:36:54,840 --> 00:36:57,120 Speaker 3: So I am crossing my fingers and my feathers that 823 00:36:57,239 --> 00:36:59,600 Speaker 3: we can talk thick bill ferrots next time for a 824 00:36:59,640 --> 00:37:01,680 Speaker 3: safarr or Amazing Wildlife. 825 00:37:02,520 --> 00:37:05,239 Speaker 1: Look, how excited I'm the now thinking about it. 826 00:37:05,280 --> 00:37:06,680 Speaker 2: And if for any reason we don't get to talk 827 00:37:06,680 --> 00:37:08,960 Speaker 2: about it in the upcoming episode, we'll talk about it 828 00:37:09,000 --> 00:37:10,280 Speaker 2: perhaps in the following episodes. 829 00:37:11,840 --> 00:37:18,280 Speaker 1: Whatever the case maye, it's gonna be a pretty exciting time. Well, everyone, 830 00:37:18,520 --> 00:37:19,640 Speaker 1: I'll mark away. 831 00:37:19,400 --> 00:37:21,920 Speaker 2: And I'm Rich Schwartz. Thanks for listening and for watching. 832 00:37:25,040 --> 00:37:27,279 Speaker 2: For more information about the San Diego Zoo and San 833 00:37:27,320 --> 00:37:30,360 Speaker 2: Diego Zoo Safari Park, go to s d zw a 834 00:37:30,600 --> 00:37:34,400 Speaker 2: dot org. Amazing Wildlife is a production of iHeartRadio. Our 835 00:37:34,440 --> 00:37:38,080 Speaker 2: supervising producers are Nikia Swinton and Dylan Fagan, and our 836 00:37:38,120 --> 00:37:41,560 Speaker 2: sound designers are Sierra Spreen and Matt Russell. For more 837 00:37:41,640 --> 00:37:45,640 Speaker 2: shows from iHeartRadio, check out the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, 838 00:37:45,800 --> 00:37:47,640 Speaker 2: or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.