1 00:00:03,200 --> 00:00:06,480 Speaker 1: Welcome to stuff Mom never told you From how supports 2 00:00:06,519 --> 00:00:14,480 Speaker 1: dot com. Hello, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Kristen 3 00:00:14,640 --> 00:00:17,320 Speaker 1: and I'm Caroline, and we are going to talk all 4 00:00:17,360 --> 00:00:22,040 Speaker 1: about the Clitteriest today. Ladies and gentlemen. Everything you never 5 00:00:22,160 --> 00:00:25,680 Speaker 1: knew that you wanted to know about the clitterest will 6 00:00:25,760 --> 00:00:29,280 Speaker 1: be revealed in this podcast. That's right, in a safe 7 00:00:29,280 --> 00:00:32,680 Speaker 1: for work format. Very safe for work. Yeah, Caroline and 8 00:00:32,720 --> 00:00:35,720 Speaker 1: I learned lots of stuff along the way, and I 9 00:00:35,760 --> 00:00:42,479 Speaker 1: think it's important for everybody to learn more about the clitterests. Which, 10 00:00:43,080 --> 00:00:44,839 Speaker 1: by the way, can we just start off with one 11 00:00:44,880 --> 00:00:49,600 Speaker 1: fascinating fact please? The clitterest itself, just just the visible 12 00:00:49,680 --> 00:00:54,840 Speaker 1: part of it, outside of our bodies, contains eight thousand 13 00:00:54,880 --> 00:00:57,840 Speaker 1: nerve endings. That's more than twice on the head of 14 00:00:57,840 --> 00:01:01,000 Speaker 1: a penis, guys, not to not to make you jealous, 15 00:01:01,040 --> 00:01:05,720 Speaker 1: but not to tout our own horn. I feel like 16 00:01:05,720 --> 00:01:08,480 Speaker 1: this podcast is going to be full of euphemisms. It 17 00:01:08,560 --> 00:01:12,360 Speaker 1: might be. It might be, but let's uh, we we 18 00:01:12,480 --> 00:01:13,959 Speaker 1: got a long way to go before we get up 19 00:01:14,000 --> 00:01:17,960 Speaker 1: to those eight thousand nerve endings. Let's go back in time, 20 00:01:18,040 --> 00:01:22,280 Speaker 1: Caroline showing do Yeah, we we first want to talk 21 00:01:22,280 --> 00:01:24,520 Speaker 1: about where this word came from, what does it mean, 22 00:01:25,120 --> 00:01:28,120 Speaker 1: And it actually didn't originate until the seventeenth century, which 23 00:01:28,160 --> 00:01:30,760 Speaker 1: is interesting. This word has not been around forever, but 24 00:01:30,800 --> 00:01:35,440 Speaker 1: it was coined from the Late Greek word clay torus. 25 00:01:36,000 --> 00:01:39,520 Speaker 1: And I assume that we will get some correction letters 26 00:01:39,600 --> 00:01:42,039 Speaker 1: if we mispronounced the following Greek words that we're about 27 00:01:42,080 --> 00:01:44,440 Speaker 1: to say, because you might not know this, but I 28 00:01:44,480 --> 00:01:48,720 Speaker 1: am not Greek, yes, and nor am I Caroline uh. 29 00:01:48,800 --> 00:01:52,520 Speaker 1: And that's clear us with a K. And there's a 30 00:01:52,560 --> 00:01:56,680 Speaker 1: word clayenne in Greek which means to sheath, also to shut, 31 00:01:56,960 --> 00:01:59,520 Speaker 1: so something it might come from that because of the 32 00:01:59,560 --> 00:02:03,120 Speaker 1: reference to the clitterest being covered by the laby a menorah. 33 00:02:03,560 --> 00:02:07,520 Speaker 1: And then there's also though a related Greek noun form police, 34 00:02:07,760 --> 00:02:10,720 Speaker 1: which has a meaning of a key, latch or hook 35 00:02:10,880 --> 00:02:14,760 Speaker 1: to close a door. And then there's another Greek word 36 00:02:14,760 --> 00:02:17,240 Speaker 1: that it could come from that is a variant of 37 00:02:17,280 --> 00:02:20,600 Speaker 1: the word meaning side of a hill. It's related to 38 00:02:20,639 --> 00:02:24,120 Speaker 1: the verb to slope, from the same root word as 39 00:02:24,200 --> 00:02:27,239 Speaker 1: climax I Carol, I think that one is my favorite, 40 00:02:27,280 --> 00:02:32,840 Speaker 1: although there are some ancient medical sources that also say 41 00:02:32,919 --> 00:02:37,160 Speaker 1: that there is a Greek verb clyde ri izing that 42 00:02:37,200 --> 00:02:41,920 Speaker 1: means to touch or to the late lasciviously, to tickle. Well, Kristen, 43 00:02:42,680 --> 00:02:49,239 Speaker 1: speaking of tickling, the Germans have my favorite slang word 44 00:02:49,400 --> 00:02:55,639 Speaker 1: for the clitterest, which is the kitzler, which means the tickler. Yes, indeed, yeah, 45 00:02:55,680 --> 00:03:00,000 Speaker 1: and even just the slang clit originated in the nineteen fifties, 46 00:03:00,000 --> 00:03:02,359 Speaker 1: although I have a feeling that whoever was in the 47 00:03:02,440 --> 00:03:06,920 Speaker 1: nineteen fifties saying the word clit was probably just scandalizing 48 00:03:07,200 --> 00:03:11,320 Speaker 1: everyone so scandalous. So there there's a little background on 49 00:03:11,360 --> 00:03:15,000 Speaker 1: the word clitterest, why we call it the clitterest. But 50 00:03:15,080 --> 00:03:17,480 Speaker 1: let's go back in time as well and cover some 51 00:03:17,639 --> 00:03:22,440 Speaker 1: CLIs story. How did we even figure out what this 52 00:03:22,720 --> 00:03:26,000 Speaker 1: clitterest is all about? I mean, obviously women were probably 53 00:03:26,040 --> 00:03:28,800 Speaker 1: figuring out what this clitterest was all about for a 54 00:03:28,880 --> 00:03:33,320 Speaker 1: long time, but women weren't exactly prominent members of the 55 00:03:33,440 --> 00:03:38,880 Speaker 1: medical field until more recent history. So let's start in 56 00:03:39,520 --> 00:03:43,560 Speaker 1: fifteen fifty nine with one of my favorite characters in 57 00:03:43,600 --> 00:03:49,320 Speaker 1: this episode, an Italian anatomist, Realdo Colombo. Yeah, so of 58 00:03:49,360 --> 00:03:52,240 Speaker 1: course a man would claim to have discovered the clitter 59 00:03:52,280 --> 00:03:54,680 Speaker 1: lit and I like that his last name is Colombo 60 00:03:54,760 --> 00:03:58,840 Speaker 1: Kristen because if his name were in English texts around 61 00:03:58,880 --> 00:04:01,520 Speaker 1: that time, it would have been Umbus. And so I 62 00:04:01,600 --> 00:04:04,160 Speaker 1: just liked the idea of the parallel between like Christopher 63 00:04:04,160 --> 00:04:07,480 Speaker 1: Columbus claiming to have discovered the New World when really 64 00:04:07,480 --> 00:04:09,960 Speaker 1: there were already people there, and then you have Rialdo 65 00:04:10,040 --> 00:04:14,120 Speaker 1: Columbus claiming to have discovered the clitterus when plenty of 66 00:04:14,160 --> 00:04:17,600 Speaker 1: women were already. There's the Christopher Columbus of the glitters 67 00:04:17,760 --> 00:04:22,680 Speaker 1: Clistopher Columbus. God, I wish we had art to accompany 68 00:04:22,720 --> 00:04:26,720 Speaker 1: this episode of these explorers and these scientists. But anyway, 69 00:04:27,080 --> 00:04:30,080 Speaker 1: so yeah, he's this anatomist who says that he discovered it, 70 00:04:30,360 --> 00:04:33,920 Speaker 1: and there were some researchers at a New Zealand university 71 00:04:33,920 --> 00:04:37,760 Speaker 1: who were like, no, it was already quite known to Greek, 72 00:04:37,800 --> 00:04:41,080 Speaker 1: Persian and Arabic writers on medicine and surgery all about, 73 00:04:41,120 --> 00:04:44,560 Speaker 1: albeit with misconceptions about its function, which I also think 74 00:04:44,680 --> 00:04:47,839 Speaker 1: is funny because it's like, why are we talking about 75 00:04:47,839 --> 00:04:50,880 Speaker 1: a body part in terms of who knew it first. 76 00:04:51,520 --> 00:04:54,880 Speaker 1: But that's not to say that Columbo slash Columbus didn't 77 00:04:54,880 --> 00:04:58,039 Speaker 1: actually make some sort of contribution to the understanding of 78 00:04:58,040 --> 00:05:01,560 Speaker 1: what it was. Yeah, he it wasn't anatomist, and he 79 00:05:02,040 --> 00:05:06,640 Speaker 1: did provide these really detailed drawings based on human dissection 80 00:05:07,279 --> 00:05:10,640 Speaker 1: of the clitterests, and he was one of the first 81 00:05:10,680 --> 00:05:15,839 Speaker 1: to describe its physiological properties. And although he did think 82 00:05:16,000 --> 00:05:20,560 Speaker 1: that it produced a type of female sperm, and he did, 83 00:05:20,800 --> 00:05:23,760 Speaker 1: he wasn't really a big fan of the clitterest. He 84 00:05:23,920 --> 00:05:27,559 Speaker 1: called it the more venerous, meaning like the mound of love. 85 00:05:27,800 --> 00:05:32,920 Speaker 1: So he was also very much focused on the pleasurable 86 00:05:32,920 --> 00:05:40,320 Speaker 1: aspects of the clitterest. So although Colombo did mistakenly claim 87 00:05:40,400 --> 00:05:43,159 Speaker 1: that he was the first one there, at least he 88 00:05:43,279 --> 00:05:47,120 Speaker 1: liked it. Yes, not everybody can say that he liked it, 89 00:05:47,160 --> 00:05:49,360 Speaker 1: but I mean, I think his whole person well, he 90 00:05:49,440 --> 00:05:52,159 Speaker 1: was far from the only person who thought or positive 91 00:05:52,240 --> 00:05:55,159 Speaker 1: that the clators produced some type of female sperm or 92 00:05:55,400 --> 00:05:59,400 Speaker 1: or played some role in procreation. Um, But I think 93 00:05:59,400 --> 00:06:02,120 Speaker 1: he's unique in the fact that he also really dug it. Yeah, 94 00:06:02,760 --> 00:06:06,360 Speaker 1: other other medical or scientific writers at the time we're like, well, 95 00:06:06,400 --> 00:06:10,200 Speaker 1: we think that it could produce spiram and contribute to procreation, 96 00:06:10,279 --> 00:06:13,839 Speaker 1: but we don't like it. Well, if you go way 97 00:06:13,839 --> 00:06:19,440 Speaker 1: back before Colombo to say Aristotle, they I mean he 98 00:06:19,480 --> 00:06:22,880 Speaker 1: wasn't really talking all that much about the clitterest, but really, 99 00:06:23,400 --> 00:06:28,560 Speaker 1: this is when you have the idea of women being 100 00:06:29,160 --> 00:06:33,160 Speaker 1: just mutilated. Men are clitterist. Is really just a vestige 101 00:06:33,160 --> 00:06:35,640 Speaker 1: of what should be a penis. Yeah, it makes me 102 00:06:35,680 --> 00:06:39,000 Speaker 1: think of that song from a Little Mermaid, Poor unfortunate Souls, 103 00:06:39,040 --> 00:06:42,320 Speaker 1: Like that's kind of how Aristotle and Hippocrates saw women. 104 00:06:42,480 --> 00:06:46,120 Speaker 1: So yeah, Aristotle just thought that there were adverse uterine 105 00:06:46,120 --> 00:06:50,080 Speaker 1: conditions that basically turned what should have become a beautiful, 106 00:06:50,160 --> 00:06:55,160 Speaker 1: functional penis into an underdeveloped and sterile stump of a clitterest. 107 00:06:55,680 --> 00:07:00,400 Speaker 1: And Hippocrates, the old Greek father of medicine, disc drived 108 00:07:00,560 --> 00:07:05,600 Speaker 1: women's genitalia on the whole is just our shameful parts, 109 00:07:05,640 --> 00:07:09,280 Speaker 1: So thanks a lot, And he acknowledged that the clitterest existed, 110 00:07:09,440 --> 00:07:14,280 Speaker 1: but he just thought it was a random protrusion. He 111 00:07:14,360 --> 00:07:19,200 Speaker 1: referred to it as the colamela or the uvula, possibly 112 00:07:19,280 --> 00:07:23,480 Speaker 1: because it resembles the uvula in our throats, a little 113 00:07:23,480 --> 00:07:26,720 Speaker 1: punching bag and you see if you open open your mouth. 114 00:07:26,960 --> 00:07:30,320 Speaker 1: Well obviously, I mean, the uvula definitely doesn't contribute to 115 00:07:30,360 --> 00:07:34,280 Speaker 1: sex or procreation, so why would this tiny protrusion have 116 00:07:34,400 --> 00:07:38,880 Speaker 1: anything to do with it either. Um. Greek physician Serranos 117 00:07:38,880 --> 00:07:44,960 Speaker 1: of Ephesus also does acknowledge the clitterest exists. Um. He 118 00:07:45,040 --> 00:07:47,600 Speaker 1: has a different description for it, other than the shameful parts, 119 00:07:47,680 --> 00:07:51,280 Speaker 1: thank god. Uh. He says, this small formation is called 120 00:07:51,280 --> 00:07:54,080 Speaker 1: the nymph because it is hidden underneath the laby is, 121 00:07:54,200 --> 00:07:58,640 Speaker 1: such as young brides under their veil. Well, isn't that precious, 122 00:07:58,640 --> 00:08:01,480 Speaker 1: so precious little nymph? Yes? But I think it should 123 00:08:01,480 --> 00:08:05,400 Speaker 1: be noted though, that while these guys, essentially we're seeing 124 00:08:05,560 --> 00:08:09,600 Speaker 1: women as sort of the mutilated men we we should 125 00:08:09,720 --> 00:08:12,240 Speaker 1: we we could have had gorgeous penises, but instead we 126 00:08:12,320 --> 00:08:15,560 Speaker 1: ended up with gining nymph siding under veils. Because it 127 00:08:15,680 --> 00:08:20,320 Speaker 1: wasn't until in fact, the eighteenth century the European scientists 128 00:08:20,320 --> 00:08:25,240 Speaker 1: started seeing men and women as distinct sexes. This was 129 00:08:25,280 --> 00:08:27,720 Speaker 1: really just the line of thought that like, Okay, we 130 00:08:27,800 --> 00:08:30,080 Speaker 1: have a guy here, so we're going to figure out 131 00:08:30,120 --> 00:08:36,320 Speaker 1: women based on what she doesn't have, based on his body. 132 00:08:36,559 --> 00:08:40,440 Speaker 1: But then, I mean, things also got pretty intense in 133 00:08:40,480 --> 00:08:44,480 Speaker 1: the Middle Ages, understandably because it is the Middle Ages, right, 134 00:08:44,800 --> 00:08:48,079 Speaker 1: A lot of superstition flying around, and you know, despite 135 00:08:48,240 --> 00:08:52,679 Speaker 1: the relative and and minor advances and understanding what this 136 00:08:52,840 --> 00:08:56,920 Speaker 1: nymph is. During the preceding centuries, the physicians in the 137 00:08:56,920 --> 00:09:02,320 Speaker 1: Middle Ages relied more on fear and superstition. Uh. They 138 00:09:02,360 --> 00:09:06,400 Speaker 1: did also think that it was responsible for creating female sperm. 139 00:09:06,440 --> 00:09:10,360 Speaker 1: But in fourteen eighties six, the Malleus Maleficarum, which was 140 00:09:10,400 --> 00:09:14,559 Speaker 1: a guide to finding and detecting witches, called the clitterest 141 00:09:14,679 --> 00:09:18,199 Speaker 1: quote the Devil's teet through which the devil sucked out 142 00:09:18,200 --> 00:09:22,040 Speaker 1: his victim's soul. So, yeah, we are women are just 143 00:09:22,240 --> 00:09:24,560 Speaker 1: no matter what we do, just being aligned with witchcraft 144 00:09:24,600 --> 00:09:29,320 Speaker 1: and evil and the devil's teet. I don't even I 145 00:09:29,679 --> 00:09:32,840 Speaker 1: When I read that, Caroline, and preparing for this episode, 146 00:09:32,840 --> 00:09:36,040 Speaker 1: I just had to stop for a moment because the 147 00:09:36,120 --> 00:09:40,400 Speaker 1: images coming to my mind were quite intense. But moving 148 00:09:40,440 --> 00:09:45,040 Speaker 1: out of the Middle Ages and into the nineteenth century, 149 00:09:45,360 --> 00:09:47,640 Speaker 1: we were in one of the history books that we 150 00:09:47,679 --> 00:09:52,160 Speaker 1: read focusing on the history of the Clitterest the author wrote, 151 00:09:52,760 --> 00:09:58,200 Speaker 1: the nineteenth century really should have been the clitterests century, 152 00:09:58,240 --> 00:10:00,520 Speaker 1: and that the clitterest century. I'm not making it up. 153 00:10:00,520 --> 00:10:04,760 Speaker 1: That is a direct quote. Because in eighteen forty four 154 00:10:05,120 --> 00:10:08,160 Speaker 1: we have this German guy G. L co Belt draw 155 00:10:08,440 --> 00:10:12,200 Speaker 1: a detailed clitter lists not just the external clitteriest but 156 00:10:12,280 --> 00:10:16,199 Speaker 1: also the internal structure of well as well, which included 157 00:10:16,679 --> 00:10:19,560 Speaker 1: the erectile tissues that we'll talk about more in a 158 00:10:19,600 --> 00:10:25,160 Speaker 1: little bit. And this was probably the very first accurate 159 00:10:25,200 --> 00:10:29,640 Speaker 1: depiction of what the clitterests in total looks like. But 160 00:10:30,320 --> 00:10:33,160 Speaker 1: it turns out that the nineteenth century and moving into 161 00:10:33,160 --> 00:10:35,920 Speaker 1: the Victorian era was not such a great time for 162 00:10:36,000 --> 00:10:38,280 Speaker 1: the clitter is well. I mean, you also had to 163 00:10:38,280 --> 00:10:41,199 Speaker 1: grapple with the general fear that people had about women 164 00:10:41,240 --> 00:10:45,760 Speaker 1: in general, specifically and especially women's sexuality, because God forbid 165 00:10:45,800 --> 00:10:49,800 Speaker 1: a woman actually want, crave, or enjoy any type of 166 00:10:49,920 --> 00:10:54,160 Speaker 1: sexual behavior. So it was also kind of just assumed 167 00:10:54,200 --> 00:10:57,280 Speaker 1: that in general women were passionless, they didn't have a 168 00:10:57,320 --> 00:11:01,199 Speaker 1: sex drive, they were just basically sperm vessels, um, and 169 00:11:01,280 --> 00:11:04,079 Speaker 1: that if a woman did have a sex drive, she 170 00:11:04,320 --> 00:11:07,560 Speaker 1: was considered hysterical and she'd't have to go to see 171 00:11:07,559 --> 00:11:12,000 Speaker 1: a doctor and get treatment, and that treatment was a vibrator. Yeah, 172 00:11:12,040 --> 00:11:16,000 Speaker 1: the the vibrator technology started to take off in the 173 00:11:16,080 --> 00:11:22,720 Speaker 1: eighteen fifties and in extreme cases of nymphamania, wherein you 174 00:11:22,800 --> 00:11:26,520 Speaker 1: have a woman who actually enjoys sex and might even masturbate. 175 00:11:26,600 --> 00:11:30,480 Speaker 1: From time to time, you would have doctors cauterizing or 176 00:11:30,840 --> 00:11:35,040 Speaker 1: removing the clitterest entirely. There were a lot of methods 177 00:11:35,080 --> 00:11:40,719 Speaker 1: out there for curing in quotes, hysteria through clitter ectomys. Yeah, 178 00:11:40,800 --> 00:11:44,280 Speaker 1: I mean, I think that's such a scary but very 179 00:11:44,280 --> 00:11:48,559 Speaker 1: clear illustration of how women's sexuality was viewed. The fact 180 00:11:48,559 --> 00:11:51,280 Speaker 1: that it's like it's so abnormal for a woman to 181 00:11:51,480 --> 00:11:54,560 Speaker 1: like or want sex that it's like if she does, oh, 182 00:11:54,640 --> 00:11:57,160 Speaker 1: we better take off the parts that make or enjoy 183 00:11:57,200 --> 00:12:00,960 Speaker 1: it well. And there are still there's still clar ectomies 184 00:12:00,960 --> 00:12:03,640 Speaker 1: that are going on as well in different parts of 185 00:12:03,679 --> 00:12:05,720 Speaker 1: the world. You hear about this when people talk about 186 00:12:05,800 --> 00:12:10,000 Speaker 1: female genital mutilation or female circumcision. This was also we 187 00:12:10,320 --> 00:12:13,400 Speaker 1: we we usually today probably in the US, think about 188 00:12:13,440 --> 00:12:16,400 Speaker 1: it happening in far away countries such as Sadan, but 189 00:12:16,440 --> 00:12:21,240 Speaker 1: this was happening also in Victorian era America, right. But 190 00:12:21,320 --> 00:12:24,920 Speaker 1: during this period some people were all about the clatorus. 191 00:12:24,960 --> 00:12:28,320 Speaker 1: They understood that it served a great purpose. In eighteen 192 00:12:28,360 --> 00:12:31,880 Speaker 1: fifty two, for instance, Dr Jules Guio wrote a book 193 00:12:31,880 --> 00:12:35,200 Speaker 1: about sexuality that wasn't actually published until eighteen eighty eight, 194 00:12:35,200 --> 00:12:38,240 Speaker 1: ten years after his death because it was so scandalous, 195 00:12:38,600 --> 00:12:42,600 Speaker 1: and he wrote that there exists an immense number of ignorant, egoistic, 196 00:12:42,840 --> 00:12:45,960 Speaker 1: brutal men who do not bother to study the instrument 197 00:12:46,040 --> 00:12:50,000 Speaker 1: that God has entrusted to them well. And one of 198 00:12:50,040 --> 00:12:55,960 Speaker 1: those arguably egoistic and brutal men was likely Dr Isaac 199 00:12:56,040 --> 00:13:01,160 Speaker 1: Baker Brown, who was president of the Medical Society of 200 00:13:01,280 --> 00:13:05,200 Speaker 1: London in the eighteen sixties, and in eighteen sixty five 201 00:13:05,320 --> 00:13:11,120 Speaker 1: he published what became a widely circulated medical book that 202 00:13:11,280 --> 00:13:16,800 Speaker 1: put forth his ideas for curing insanity, epilepsy, hysteria, and 203 00:13:16,960 --> 00:13:22,920 Speaker 1: catalepsy all through clitter ectomys. Yeah, and it's interesting to 204 00:13:22,920 --> 00:13:26,640 Speaker 1: to read about people's views from this time period because 205 00:13:27,000 --> 00:13:31,360 Speaker 1: we have Dr Pierre Garnier in one who was definitely 206 00:13:31,400 --> 00:13:35,760 Speaker 1: not a fan uh and didn't believe that the clitter 207 00:13:35,840 --> 00:13:39,200 Speaker 1: is could or should contribute to any type of like 208 00:13:39,440 --> 00:13:43,640 Speaker 1: sex life between people or solo sex lives at that 209 00:13:43,880 --> 00:13:47,680 Speaker 1: He said that to claim that this minuscule apparatus, which 210 00:13:47,720 --> 00:13:51,040 Speaker 1: is most often an insensitive little button, so long as 211 00:13:51,040 --> 00:13:54,160 Speaker 1: it has not been touched or artificially manipulated, is the 212 00:13:54,160 --> 00:13:59,680 Speaker 1: most active erogenous center is to implicitly accuse all girls 213 00:14:00,120 --> 00:14:04,200 Speaker 1: of once having resorted to masturbation or of one day 214 00:14:04,240 --> 00:14:07,960 Speaker 1: becoming debauched. So I mean, right there, you have this 215 00:14:08,080 --> 00:14:11,360 Speaker 1: doctor who's basically saying, like the fact that you were 216 00:14:11,400 --> 00:14:15,200 Speaker 1: even insinuating that it is part of sex, part of 217 00:14:15,240 --> 00:14:19,760 Speaker 1: sexual activity can make someone enjoy sex. That's implying that 218 00:14:19,800 --> 00:14:25,600 Speaker 1: our beautiful, fragile, angelic nymph like women that they're debauched. Well, 219 00:14:25,720 --> 00:14:29,520 Speaker 1: it's telling to that that quote came in eighteen ninety one, 220 00:14:29,680 --> 00:14:34,680 Speaker 1: which is a few years after something really important happened 221 00:14:34,760 --> 00:14:38,800 Speaker 1: in the history the medical history of the clitterest, because 222 00:14:38,920 --> 00:14:43,960 Speaker 1: in eighteen eighty four, doctors were able to see procreation 223 00:14:44,040 --> 00:14:48,080 Speaker 1: the sperm fertilizing the egg on a microscopic level for 224 00:14:48,400 --> 00:14:53,560 Speaker 1: the very first time, and they realized that, Okay, there 225 00:14:53,640 --> 00:14:58,240 Speaker 1: is no such thing as female sperm. Like the lubricant 226 00:14:58,320 --> 00:15:02,600 Speaker 1: in a woman's vaginal a canal has nothing to do 227 00:15:02,720 --> 00:15:06,480 Speaker 1: really with uh, it doesn't have any kind of fertilizing qualities, 228 00:15:06,840 --> 00:15:10,080 Speaker 1: and it doesn't come from the clitterest. And oh my god, 229 00:15:10,440 --> 00:15:18,160 Speaker 1: the clitterest has absolutely nothing actively to do with reproduction. 230 00:15:18,840 --> 00:15:23,240 Speaker 1: So why should we even care about it? Well, why 231 00:15:23,240 --> 00:15:25,480 Speaker 1: should we care about it, but also, oh god, you 232 00:15:25,480 --> 00:15:28,120 Speaker 1: mean women have something on their bodies that is just 233 00:15:28,280 --> 00:15:32,680 Speaker 1: for sexual pleasures exactly. And so not only did they 234 00:15:32,760 --> 00:15:36,120 Speaker 1: demonize it because that means if you're messing around with 235 00:15:36,200 --> 00:15:39,760 Speaker 1: your clitterest, that is because it gives you sexual pleasure. 236 00:15:40,720 --> 00:15:44,440 Speaker 1: Therefore you are debauched, as Guarnier wrote, and then also 237 00:15:44,560 --> 00:15:46,480 Speaker 1: medically they were like, oh well, we don't really even 238 00:15:46,480 --> 00:15:49,440 Speaker 1: need to study it because it is it's useless. It's 239 00:15:49,440 --> 00:15:55,240 Speaker 1: like the appendix of the vagina. Thank god, it can't 240 00:15:55,280 --> 00:15:59,920 Speaker 1: explode um ideas about women's sexuality there. It's not like 241 00:16:00,040 --> 00:16:01,880 Speaker 1: they were so much better. When we get into the 242 00:16:01,880 --> 00:16:05,640 Speaker 1: twentieth century um around World War One, there was this 243 00:16:05,760 --> 00:16:10,520 Speaker 1: case of a dancer named maud Allen who was essentially 244 00:16:10,560 --> 00:16:15,920 Speaker 1: attacked for existing outside social norms sexual norms, and of 245 00:16:15,960 --> 00:16:18,880 Speaker 1: course by that I just mean you know, she had 246 00:16:19,120 --> 00:16:23,440 Speaker 1: sexuality and danced. She was an exotic dancer who attracted 247 00:16:23,480 --> 00:16:26,600 Speaker 1: a lot of attention because during this period that was 248 00:16:26,720 --> 00:16:30,360 Speaker 1: very scandalous. It also so happened that she was a lesbian, 249 00:16:31,040 --> 00:16:36,760 Speaker 1: and this sensational libel trial in Britain exploded around maud 250 00:16:36,840 --> 00:16:40,840 Speaker 1: Allen when she brought a libel suit against this guy 251 00:16:40,960 --> 00:16:44,200 Speaker 1: named Noel Pemberton Billing, who was an editor of a 252 00:16:44,320 --> 00:16:50,080 Speaker 1: right wing journal, The Imperialist, and the Imperialist was claiming 253 00:16:50,600 --> 00:16:56,920 Speaker 1: that there was this black book of forty seven thousand 254 00:16:57,360 --> 00:17:00,600 Speaker 1: World War One British turn coats who had been turned 255 00:17:00,720 --> 00:17:06,280 Speaker 1: gay by the Germans. And since maud Allen was a 256 00:17:06,359 --> 00:17:11,159 Speaker 1: lesbian and was also performing in Oscar Wilde salam Ay, 257 00:17:11,800 --> 00:17:15,520 Speaker 1: there was this item in The Imperialist about if you 258 00:17:15,600 --> 00:17:20,000 Speaker 1: went to see maud Allen, dancer highly erotic at the time, 259 00:17:20,440 --> 00:17:24,640 Speaker 1: dances in this production of salom A, that you would 260 00:17:24,680 --> 00:17:29,720 Speaker 1: be among some of those British turncoats. And he headlined 261 00:17:29,760 --> 00:17:34,240 Speaker 1: this little news item, the cult of the clitteris yeah, 262 00:17:34,280 --> 00:17:36,560 Speaker 1: which is funny to see this anxiety, the steep deep 263 00:17:36,560 --> 00:17:40,160 Speaker 1: anxiety which I get. Social norms, gender norms, wore all 264 00:17:40,200 --> 00:17:42,000 Speaker 1: of this good stuff going on. It's quite a melting 265 00:17:42,000 --> 00:17:44,919 Speaker 1: pot of of you know, all these things getting stirred up. 266 00:17:45,320 --> 00:17:50,760 Speaker 1: But she, maud Allen, was so popular that they had 267 00:17:50,800 --> 00:17:53,679 Speaker 1: to continue adding shows. And she was so popular, and 268 00:17:53,680 --> 00:17:56,040 Speaker 1: not just with gentlemen who were coming to watch her 269 00:17:56,119 --> 00:17:59,720 Speaker 1: dance in such a seductive fashion, I mean women, socialites, 270 00:18:00,000 --> 00:18:02,800 Speaker 1: others were bringing their daughters to see this woman perform 271 00:18:02,840 --> 00:18:09,119 Speaker 1: with their own set of binoculars to further examine her dances. So, 272 00:18:09,640 --> 00:18:11,919 Speaker 1: I mean that's got to be anxiety inducing for a 273 00:18:11,920 --> 00:18:14,720 Speaker 1: guy like Pemberton Billing who you know, he's like, oh 274 00:18:14,760 --> 00:18:17,640 Speaker 1: my gosh, society is changing, women are going to see 275 00:18:17,880 --> 00:18:22,320 Speaker 1: women dance. Well, it's interesting too that in this five 276 00:18:22,400 --> 00:18:27,200 Speaker 1: day trial that ensues a lot of Britain's didn't even 277 00:18:27,240 --> 00:18:30,480 Speaker 1: know what clitterists meant, right, because he assumed that when 278 00:18:30,520 --> 00:18:33,600 Speaker 1: he made that headline, the Cult of the clitterest, and 279 00:18:33,640 --> 00:18:35,320 Speaker 1: he was right, you know, not a lot of people 280 00:18:35,359 --> 00:18:37,320 Speaker 1: would know what it meant. But if you did know 281 00:18:38,119 --> 00:18:42,320 Speaker 1: what clitterists meant, then that meant he would deviant, right, 282 00:18:42,440 --> 00:18:46,880 Speaker 1: And so Billings actually cited Alan's familiarity with the term 283 00:18:47,000 --> 00:18:51,119 Speaker 1: clitterests as evidence that she was a deviant. He said 284 00:18:51,160 --> 00:18:53,800 Speaker 1: that it's an organ that, when unduly excited, possessed the 285 00:18:53,840 --> 00:18:57,240 Speaker 1: most dreadful influence on any woman. And so just this 286 00:18:57,359 --> 00:19:00,400 Speaker 1: combination in his mind of her being a as being 287 00:19:00,840 --> 00:19:04,199 Speaker 1: an exotic dancer and someone with knowledge of such an 288 00:19:04,400 --> 00:19:07,400 Speaker 1: esoteric term as glitterest, she's got to be a sexual 289 00:19:07,440 --> 00:19:09,800 Speaker 1: deviant and she's got to be somehow in cahoots with 290 00:19:09,840 --> 00:19:13,639 Speaker 1: the Germans. Well, and if we step back a little 291 00:19:13,640 --> 00:19:18,480 Speaker 1: bit to nineteen o five, we have Sigmund Freud coming 292 00:19:18,520 --> 00:19:24,080 Speaker 1: in dealing yet another blow to the clitter ist, because 293 00:19:24,119 --> 00:19:29,240 Speaker 1: this is when he puts forth the idea that if 294 00:19:29,280 --> 00:19:33,040 Speaker 1: you are a woman who is having clitteral as opposed 295 00:19:33,080 --> 00:19:39,880 Speaker 1: to vaginal orgasms, then that means that you are not developed, 296 00:19:39,880 --> 00:19:44,760 Speaker 1: that you're like stuck in adolescence. Yeah. He was one 297 00:19:44,800 --> 00:19:48,560 Speaker 1: of many physicians and clinicians and psychologists who didn't deny 298 00:19:48,680 --> 00:19:52,159 Speaker 1: the existence of the clitteral orgasm, but said that that 299 00:19:52,320 --> 00:19:57,679 Speaker 1: is something that adolescence do children do adult mature women 300 00:19:58,240 --> 00:20:02,880 Speaker 1: only have vaginal or jasms, and um, a woman who 301 00:20:02,920 --> 00:20:07,679 Speaker 1: could not orgasm through vaginal intercourse was obviously frigid. And 302 00:20:07,720 --> 00:20:10,000 Speaker 1: that frigid was a term. It wasn't just like an 303 00:20:10,000 --> 00:20:12,240 Speaker 1: insult thrown around. I mean that was a term used 304 00:20:12,280 --> 00:20:17,040 Speaker 1: to describe a whole slew of women. Yeah. And there 305 00:20:17,119 --> 00:20:19,439 Speaker 1: is a paper that we were looking at called Waking 306 00:20:19,480 --> 00:20:24,240 Speaker 1: Sleeping Beauty, the pre Marital Pelvic Exam and Heterosexuality during 307 00:20:24,320 --> 00:20:27,480 Speaker 1: the Cold War, and it talked a lot about how 308 00:20:28,840 --> 00:20:32,200 Speaker 1: doctors at this time, I mean leading all the way 309 00:20:32,280 --> 00:20:34,200 Speaker 1: up to you know, and during the Cold War, as 310 00:20:34,280 --> 00:20:39,200 Speaker 1: the title of the paper implies, vaginal orgasms were considered 311 00:20:39,240 --> 00:20:42,600 Speaker 1: to be the hallmark in the bedroom of a stable 312 00:20:42,680 --> 00:20:47,040 Speaker 1: marriage and thus of a secure community. Yeah. So more, 313 00:20:47,119 --> 00:20:51,800 Speaker 1: you know, just more norms, norms everywhere, Kristen. So, now 314 00:20:51,840 --> 00:20:54,199 Speaker 1: that we are into the Cold War, by way of 315 00:20:54,200 --> 00:20:57,320 Speaker 1: this paper that Kristen decided, we obviously have to bring 316 00:20:57,400 --> 00:21:01,960 Speaker 1: up famed sex researcher Alfred Kinzie, who in nineteen fifty 317 00:21:02,000 --> 00:21:06,800 Speaker 1: three publishes Sexual Behavior in the Human Female, in which 318 00:21:07,040 --> 00:21:10,320 Speaker 1: he dismissed the vaginal orgasm and pointed to the clitterest 319 00:21:10,480 --> 00:21:13,480 Speaker 1: as the source of pleasure. He wrote that the vagina 320 00:21:13,560 --> 00:21:16,960 Speaker 1: walls are quite insensitive to the great majority of females. 321 00:21:17,000 --> 00:21:19,240 Speaker 1: There's no evidence that the vagina is ever the sole 322 00:21:19,320 --> 00:21:22,400 Speaker 1: source of arousal, or even the primary source of erotic 323 00:21:22,440 --> 00:21:27,520 Speaker 1: arousal in any female, which is groundbreaking. Yeah, and then 324 00:21:28,080 --> 00:21:32,120 Speaker 1: Masters of Sex fans might be aware of William Masters 325 00:21:32,119 --> 00:21:36,800 Speaker 1: and Virginia Johnson's research that happens in the mid to 326 00:21:36,880 --> 00:21:40,840 Speaker 1: late nineteen sixties. And it's in sixties six that they 327 00:21:40,880 --> 00:21:45,119 Speaker 1: published their work on the phases of sexual stimulation, and 328 00:21:45,119 --> 00:21:49,439 Speaker 1: they observed that both vaginal and clitteral orgasms had the 329 00:21:49,520 --> 00:21:53,679 Speaker 1: same stages of physical response, and argued that clteral stimulation 330 00:21:53,840 --> 00:21:59,840 Speaker 1: was the primary source of both kinds of orgasms. So finally, finally, 331 00:22:00,280 --> 00:22:05,240 Speaker 1: we have people saying, you know what, the clitteriest is 332 00:22:05,320 --> 00:22:10,160 Speaker 1: not so bad. In fact, it is in many ways good. 333 00:22:11,640 --> 00:22:14,560 Speaker 1: It isn't many ways good. And then two years later, 334 00:22:14,600 --> 00:22:17,600 Speaker 1: in nineteen sixty eight, radical feminist and Coat writes the 335 00:22:17,720 --> 00:22:23,240 Speaker 1: myth of the vaginal orgasm and say what right was 336 00:22:23,320 --> 00:22:28,760 Speaker 1: it mean? Caroline? She basically attacked as fraudulent the idea 337 00:22:28,960 --> 00:22:34,200 Speaker 1: that women could only orgasm through vaginal intercourse. She said 338 00:22:34,240 --> 00:22:37,679 Speaker 1: that the idea that idea created psychological problems for women, 339 00:22:38,200 --> 00:22:41,880 Speaker 1: and it served as a critique of heterosexuality in general. 340 00:22:42,359 --> 00:22:44,720 Speaker 1: And she said that sex had been defined for so 341 00:22:44,760 --> 00:22:49,040 Speaker 1: long from purely a male fellow centric perspective. And it's 342 00:22:49,080 --> 00:22:52,720 Speaker 1: not that she's necessarily wrong, but I think Masters and 343 00:22:52,840 --> 00:22:57,000 Speaker 1: Johnson were way more on the nose as far as 344 00:22:57,040 --> 00:23:01,159 Speaker 1: how orgasms work, because so is writing that, you know, 345 00:23:01,200 --> 00:23:04,440 Speaker 1: the vaginal orgasm is a total myth that never happens, 346 00:23:04,720 --> 00:23:07,919 Speaker 1: whereas before people like Freud were saying vaginal orgasms are 347 00:23:07,960 --> 00:23:11,119 Speaker 1: the only way to go when in reality, if we 348 00:23:11,160 --> 00:23:13,560 Speaker 1: start talking about anatomy, which we will hear in a second, 349 00:23:14,480 --> 00:23:20,600 Speaker 1: there's a whole beautiful, complicated, wonderful internal c literal structure 350 00:23:21,200 --> 00:23:25,080 Speaker 1: that is stimulated by a vaginal intercourse. So it's really 351 00:23:25,119 --> 00:23:27,280 Speaker 1: not either or, and you, guys, we don't have to 352 00:23:27,359 --> 00:23:29,600 Speaker 1: fight about it. We don't have to fight about it. 353 00:23:29,680 --> 00:23:32,119 Speaker 1: But I will say that it is worth considering. And 354 00:23:32,160 --> 00:23:34,000 Speaker 1: I think that this is a lot of what codes 355 00:23:34,119 --> 00:23:38,000 Speaker 1: theory is getting at in terms of the fellow centrism 356 00:23:38,040 --> 00:23:42,560 Speaker 1: that for so long and even today, just the word sex. 357 00:23:42,560 --> 00:23:44,840 Speaker 1: When you think of sex, it is implied that it 358 00:23:44,960 --> 00:23:47,960 Speaker 1: is a penis going into a vagina. And so, in 359 00:23:48,240 --> 00:23:51,480 Speaker 1: say Freudian terms, in order for a woman to be 360 00:23:52,600 --> 00:23:56,800 Speaker 1: you know, healthy and adjusted in the correct psychoanalytic phase 361 00:23:56,880 --> 00:24:01,399 Speaker 1: or whatever of her adulthood, that requires her achieving orgasm 362 00:24:01,600 --> 00:24:06,760 Speaker 1: through vaginal penetration with a penis with a penis. So 363 00:24:07,720 --> 00:24:11,400 Speaker 1: then things are coming around to say, oh, well, penis 364 00:24:11,400 --> 00:24:17,840 Speaker 1: not necessarily required, but there are, like Caroline said, there 365 00:24:18,040 --> 00:24:21,120 Speaker 1: is a lot more to it on the inside, which 366 00:24:21,119 --> 00:24:25,680 Speaker 1: we're going to talk about in glorious, glorious detail. When 367 00:24:25,680 --> 00:24:31,800 Speaker 1: we come right back from a quick break. All right, 368 00:24:31,920 --> 00:24:35,360 Speaker 1: So Kristen and I hinted at the well, didn't hand 369 00:24:35,400 --> 00:24:37,240 Speaker 1: We told you flat out that there is there's a 370 00:24:37,320 --> 00:24:43,119 Speaker 1: fabulous internal structure going on with your clitterest. And you know, 371 00:24:43,280 --> 00:24:47,520 Speaker 1: I my my whole attitude reading about this, the history 372 00:24:47,560 --> 00:24:50,119 Speaker 1: of of the study of the clitterest, in the in 373 00:24:50,160 --> 00:24:52,080 Speaker 1: the history of the science of it, I just I'm 374 00:24:52,119 --> 00:24:55,560 Speaker 1: like this, this poor this poor body part. It gets 375 00:24:55,560 --> 00:24:59,400 Speaker 1: no attention. And it's really not until the late twentieth 376 00:24:59,400 --> 00:25:03,880 Speaker 1: century that people even start going should should we look 377 00:25:03,920 --> 00:25:06,679 Speaker 1: inside there? Should we? Should we figure out what's going 378 00:25:06,760 --> 00:25:09,760 Speaker 1: on up in there? Because it turns out that all 379 00:25:09,840 --> 00:25:14,920 Speaker 1: we see on the outside with the hood and the glands, 380 00:25:15,080 --> 00:25:20,760 Speaker 1: that's gland. Not gland with a d is, but the 381 00:25:20,800 --> 00:25:25,080 Speaker 1: tip of an iceberg inside of us. Although iceberg might 382 00:25:25,080 --> 00:25:28,239 Speaker 1: not be iceberg kind of lens itself to fridgid, so 383 00:25:28,359 --> 00:25:31,840 Speaker 1: that might not be the best analogy. It's the tip 384 00:25:32,040 --> 00:25:38,280 Speaker 1: of something fabulous about that, that's right. So in the 385 00:25:38,320 --> 00:25:42,000 Speaker 1: nineteen nineties, researchers performed an mri I that revealed a 386 00:25:42,119 --> 00:25:45,920 Speaker 1: very elaborate structure to the clearest most of which is internal. 387 00:25:46,160 --> 00:25:52,959 Speaker 1: Andrologist Helen O'Connell described the quote clteral complex, the important 388 00:25:53,240 --> 00:25:57,719 Speaker 1: internal clteral structures and their dimensions in a groundbreaking Journal 389 00:25:57,760 --> 00:26:01,280 Speaker 1: of Urology paper. And it should be noted too that 390 00:26:01,400 --> 00:26:04,880 Speaker 1: there had already been m r s of the internal 391 00:26:04,880 --> 00:26:10,200 Speaker 1: structures of penises that had been done in the seventies. Finally, 392 00:26:11,119 --> 00:26:15,280 Speaker 1: O'Connell's like, oh, can we please apply the same technology 393 00:26:15,320 --> 00:26:20,480 Speaker 1: to look inside the vaginal structures to see what's in there? Because, 394 00:26:20,480 --> 00:26:24,639 Speaker 1: oh surprise, there's all of this stuff. Yeah. And in 395 00:26:24,680 --> 00:26:29,159 Speaker 1: a two thousand five paper, O'Connell criticized typical textbook descriptions 396 00:26:29,160 --> 00:26:32,679 Speaker 1: and illustrations, saying that there is no way that you 397 00:26:32,720 --> 00:26:34,960 Speaker 1: can give an accurate portrayal of all of the amazing 398 00:26:35,000 --> 00:26:37,440 Speaker 1: things that are going inside going on inside a woman 399 00:26:38,280 --> 00:26:41,600 Speaker 1: in their clural structures by just showing a single plane. 400 00:26:41,640 --> 00:26:44,479 Speaker 1: You know, you've seen this in textbooks. It's just like 401 00:26:44,840 --> 00:26:47,680 Speaker 1: the side cut of like here's the uterism, here in 402 00:26:47,720 --> 00:26:51,280 Speaker 1: the oraason, there's the vagina in the butthole. But there's 403 00:26:51,400 --> 00:26:55,520 Speaker 1: I mean, there's a whole like amazing sculptural structure going 404 00:26:55,560 --> 00:26:57,959 Speaker 1: on inside us. Who knew? And to give you an 405 00:26:58,000 --> 00:27:01,760 Speaker 1: idea of the scope of this clitteral complex of Caroline 406 00:27:01,760 --> 00:27:03,640 Speaker 1: and I are about to jump out of our seats 407 00:27:03,920 --> 00:27:09,600 Speaker 1: with excitement discussing it contains at least eighteen distinct interacting 408 00:27:09,720 --> 00:27:16,040 Speaker 1: functional parts comprised of muscular, erectile, and sensitive tissues. And 409 00:27:16,119 --> 00:27:20,440 Speaker 1: this is what in eight eight four g l Co 410 00:27:20,680 --> 00:27:26,240 Speaker 1: Belt had drawn. But it took from then until the 411 00:27:26,359 --> 00:27:30,080 Speaker 1: late nineties, in the early two thousands for us to 412 00:27:30,160 --> 00:27:32,760 Speaker 1: come back around to it and really give it its 413 00:27:32,800 --> 00:27:36,280 Speaker 1: due right. And adding to this modern science of the 414 00:27:36,359 --> 00:27:40,080 Speaker 1: clitter ist, in two thousand nine, surgeons O'Dell Boissan and 415 00:27:40,160 --> 00:27:44,960 Speaker 1: Pierre full Days produced the first complete three dimensional scenography 416 00:27:45,040 --> 00:27:48,680 Speaker 1: of a stimulated clitters Because this is important too, because 417 00:27:49,240 --> 00:27:53,040 Speaker 1: there's different stages of our genitalia, if we are aroused 418 00:27:53,119 --> 00:27:56,520 Speaker 1: or not, or having intercourse or not. Things don't always 419 00:27:56,600 --> 00:28:00,320 Speaker 1: look the same in one stage or another. So they 420 00:28:00,359 --> 00:28:03,439 Speaker 1: actually did this research over a couple of years without 421 00:28:03,520 --> 00:28:05,840 Speaker 1: any major funding. So that should tell you about how 422 00:28:05,880 --> 00:28:09,200 Speaker 1: people view the clitter lists and women's sexuality and genitalia 423 00:28:09,200 --> 00:28:12,320 Speaker 1: today as well. Any who, They were actually going in 424 00:28:12,359 --> 00:28:15,479 Speaker 1: search of this g spot you might have heard of, 425 00:28:15,920 --> 00:28:17,920 Speaker 1: and they ended up just finding all of this other 426 00:28:17,960 --> 00:28:21,680 Speaker 1: beautiful stuff. During the search. Yeah, and it turns out, 427 00:28:21,720 --> 00:28:25,560 Speaker 1: based on what we now know about the structure of 428 00:28:25,760 --> 00:28:28,399 Speaker 1: the clitteral complex, which will go into more detail in 429 00:28:28,440 --> 00:28:32,000 Speaker 1: just a second, but the g spot might simply be 430 00:28:32,720 --> 00:28:38,560 Speaker 1: where the anterior vaginal wall makes contact with the internal 431 00:28:38,600 --> 00:28:44,280 Speaker 1: clitter lists. It's not necessarily this magical spot one spot, 432 00:28:44,440 --> 00:28:46,040 Speaker 1: and and and and that's it, sort of in that 433 00:28:46,080 --> 00:28:49,280 Speaker 1: two dimensional way that we often think of, but rather 434 00:28:49,760 --> 00:28:54,400 Speaker 1: it's the convergence of all of this stuff. I wish 435 00:28:54,400 --> 00:28:56,920 Speaker 1: I had a more elegant word than stuff to describe 436 00:28:56,960 --> 00:29:00,920 Speaker 1: it going on inside of us. Yeah, so let's talk 437 00:29:00,960 --> 00:29:03,960 Speaker 1: a little bit about that stuff. So we have the 438 00:29:04,000 --> 00:29:08,400 Speaker 1: glands s glands s, which is what you see on 439 00:29:08,440 --> 00:29:10,480 Speaker 1: the outside. It's what people call a button, but which 440 00:29:10,520 --> 00:29:13,160 Speaker 1: is really like an iceberg, but not an iceberg because 441 00:29:13,160 --> 00:29:15,960 Speaker 1: we're not frigid. It's our little hill. It's our little hill. 442 00:29:16,240 --> 00:29:19,520 Speaker 1: That's right, the ticula. But so okay, here's here's basically 443 00:29:19,520 --> 00:29:21,800 Speaker 1: a rundown. We're going to do our best to describe 444 00:29:21,800 --> 00:29:24,360 Speaker 1: this with words, but I recommend that you look it 445 00:29:24,480 --> 00:29:27,240 Speaker 1: up for an image. Go to stuff Mom Never Told 446 00:29:27,280 --> 00:29:30,920 Speaker 1: You dot com. There is a blog post up called 447 00:29:30,960 --> 00:29:33,479 Speaker 1: a Brief History of the clitterest and it contains a 448 00:29:33,520 --> 00:29:35,600 Speaker 1: picture of exactly what we're talking about, and it is 449 00:29:35,600 --> 00:29:39,360 Speaker 1: safe for work, so excellent. Yes, Well, because the structure 450 00:29:39,440 --> 00:29:41,280 Speaker 1: kind of looks like an awesome little inner tube with 451 00:29:41,320 --> 00:29:43,640 Speaker 1: some shoots coming off of it that's around the vaginal canal. 452 00:29:43,760 --> 00:29:48,240 Speaker 1: It reminds me of an airplane neck pillow. Perfect when 453 00:29:48,280 --> 00:29:53,760 Speaker 1: you blow it up. Yeah, it's inflatable. Yeah. So the glands, 454 00:29:53,840 --> 00:29:56,560 Speaker 1: which is what you see on the outside, is attached 455 00:29:56,600 --> 00:29:59,719 Speaker 1: to that internal structure which we're just crazy about. And 456 00:30:00,160 --> 00:30:04,800 Speaker 1: internal structure is made up of two corpora cavernosa, which 457 00:30:04,840 --> 00:30:09,600 Speaker 1: is a rectile tissue that encircles the vaginal canal. The 458 00:30:09,880 --> 00:30:13,959 Speaker 1: corpora cavernosa then splits to form to what are called crura, 459 00:30:14,520 --> 00:30:19,040 Speaker 1: or it's more erectile tissue that forms a wishbone shape, 460 00:30:19,720 --> 00:30:23,440 Speaker 1: and at rest they point toward woman's thighs and when 461 00:30:23,520 --> 00:30:27,600 Speaker 1: erect they stretch back toward the spine. And then near 462 00:30:27,760 --> 00:30:31,280 Speaker 1: each of the crura on either side of the vaginal 463 00:30:31,680 --> 00:30:36,040 Speaker 1: opening are the clitteral vestibules and they're actually up under 464 00:30:36,480 --> 00:30:41,000 Speaker 1: the labia majora, so inside the labia majora, and when engorged, 465 00:30:41,440 --> 00:30:46,600 Speaker 1: they cause the vulva to expand outward. Yeah, And so 466 00:30:47,160 --> 00:30:49,880 Speaker 1: you know, this is all a bunch of erectile tissue 467 00:30:49,920 --> 00:30:53,560 Speaker 1: that does swell when you get aroused, and that basically 468 00:30:53,640 --> 00:30:58,040 Speaker 1: cuffs the vagina so that a vaginal orgasm is more 469 00:30:58,120 --> 00:31:01,000 Speaker 1: like an internal clitteral orgasm them. And then we can 470 00:31:01,040 --> 00:31:03,920 Speaker 1: all join hands and be friends and no longer debate 471 00:31:04,160 --> 00:31:08,000 Speaker 1: a clitteral orgasm versus a vaginal one, because they're all 472 00:31:08,040 --> 00:31:11,320 Speaker 1: sort of different types of the same thing. It's just 473 00:31:11,440 --> 00:31:16,400 Speaker 1: different methods to stimulate the same structure. And I do 474 00:31:16,520 --> 00:31:21,880 Speaker 1: really like how this wrapping around of the structure is 475 00:31:21,920 --> 00:31:25,200 Speaker 1: often described when it becomes engorged as it giving us 476 00:31:25,200 --> 00:31:29,000 Speaker 1: a hug. And what a hug, A very giving hug, 477 00:31:29,440 --> 00:31:32,920 Speaker 1: such a hug. I love that and a lot of 478 00:31:32,920 --> 00:31:36,120 Speaker 1: people there are a lot of artists, activists, people out 479 00:31:36,120 --> 00:31:40,440 Speaker 1: there talking about the clitterists and women's genitalia in general 480 00:31:40,720 --> 00:31:44,160 Speaker 1: to sort of bring awareness that hey, we're sexual beings 481 00:31:44,200 --> 00:31:47,880 Speaker 1: to your genitals, aren't gross, Get in touch with your sexuality, 482 00:31:47,960 --> 00:31:50,800 Speaker 1: and that the whole reason behind this push to sort 483 00:31:50,840 --> 00:31:54,160 Speaker 1: of make more women aware of their anatomy is that 484 00:31:54,400 --> 00:31:58,520 Speaker 1: so many women report having trouble orgasm NG. Yeah, about 485 00:31:58,520 --> 00:32:01,920 Speaker 1: one in three women and an average has trouble reaching 486 00:32:02,040 --> 00:32:06,840 Speaker 1: orgasm with a partner. About one intent has never reached orgasm, 487 00:32:07,000 --> 00:32:11,440 Speaker 1: whether alone or with a partner. And what often makes 488 00:32:11,480 --> 00:32:15,320 Speaker 1: it a challenge is this shame often associated with our 489 00:32:15,400 --> 00:32:18,760 Speaker 1: bodies and with our genitals. There are women that I 490 00:32:18,800 --> 00:32:25,000 Speaker 1: have known, in fact, who are adults who have never masturbated. Um. 491 00:32:25,040 --> 00:32:28,760 Speaker 1: There are women who have never looked at their own vaginas, 492 00:32:29,000 --> 00:32:31,040 Speaker 1: or they looked once and they were so weirded out 493 00:32:31,040 --> 00:32:33,600 Speaker 1: by what they saw because they didn't know what to expect, 494 00:32:33,680 --> 00:32:36,320 Speaker 1: or it didn't look like what they saw in pornography 495 00:32:36,440 --> 00:32:40,520 Speaker 1: that they assumed that it is wrong and it's not 496 00:32:40,560 --> 00:32:42,840 Speaker 1: the way it's supposed to look, and that's that's not 497 00:32:42,880 --> 00:32:47,720 Speaker 1: the case at all. Right. There was a study study 498 00:32:47,720 --> 00:32:51,440 Speaker 1: in the Psychology of Women quarterly that looked at undergrad 499 00:32:51,520 --> 00:32:55,760 Speaker 1: college women's attitudes towards their bodies and their genitals that 500 00:32:55,840 --> 00:33:00,200 Speaker 1: found that greater dissatisfaction with genital appearance was associated with 501 00:33:00,320 --> 00:33:05,040 Speaker 1: things like higher genital image, self consciousness during physical intimacy, 502 00:33:05,200 --> 00:33:09,160 Speaker 1: which in turn was associated with lower sexual self esteem, 503 00:33:09,400 --> 00:33:14,120 Speaker 1: sexual satisfaction, and motivation to avoid risky sexual behavior. So basically, 504 00:33:14,360 --> 00:33:18,240 Speaker 1: if you think that this important part of yourself is awful, ugly, dirty, shameful, 505 00:33:18,360 --> 00:33:21,720 Speaker 1: or you're afraid of it, then how can you possibly 506 00:33:21,800 --> 00:33:27,560 Speaker 1: enjoy sex? And not surprisingly, the researchers concluded that there 507 00:33:27,640 --> 00:33:32,560 Speaker 1: is a strong relationship between in enhancing the satisfaction with 508 00:33:32,840 --> 00:33:37,880 Speaker 1: the natural appearance of genitalia, with the development of a 509 00:33:38,000 --> 00:33:43,480 Speaker 1: healthy self concept and long term benefits of sexual safety 510 00:33:43,520 --> 00:33:47,760 Speaker 1: and satisfaction, because a lot of times when that sort 511 00:33:47,800 --> 00:33:52,760 Speaker 1: of insecurity over your genitalia happens or you don't think 512 00:33:52,800 --> 00:33:57,959 Speaker 1: it looks right like usually tends to affect you in 513 00:33:57,960 --> 00:34:00,720 Speaker 1: the bedroom in the sense of putting the their person's 514 00:34:01,000 --> 00:34:06,880 Speaker 1: sexual needs and desires over your own. And so, not surprisingly, 515 00:34:07,240 --> 00:34:11,400 Speaker 1: the researchers and in concluded that if you enhance that satisfaction, 516 00:34:11,440 --> 00:34:15,439 Speaker 1: if women are more comfortable and accepting of what their 517 00:34:15,600 --> 00:34:21,200 Speaker 1: vaginas and volvas and clitterestas look like, then it usually 518 00:34:21,320 --> 00:34:25,520 Speaker 1: relates to a more satisfying sex life and also just 519 00:34:25,600 --> 00:34:30,240 Speaker 1: a healthier sexual self esteem. Right exactly. And one person 520 00:34:30,280 --> 00:34:33,720 Speaker 1: who's pushing what she calls cultural c literacy is Susan 521 00:34:33,719 --> 00:34:38,040 Speaker 1: Ekberg Spirits, who wrote a paper in for the Berkeley 522 00:34:38,120 --> 00:34:41,600 Speaker 1: Journal of Gender Law and Justice, and she talks about 523 00:34:41,719 --> 00:34:45,719 Speaker 1: how cultural cliteracy is this thing that denotes what an 524 00:34:45,760 --> 00:34:49,319 Speaker 1: adequately educated person should know about the clitterest, which we 525 00:34:49,400 --> 00:34:52,800 Speaker 1: hope we're contributing to right now. But she talks about 526 00:34:52,840 --> 00:34:56,400 Speaker 1: how the clitterest is quote a despised body part because 527 00:34:56,440 --> 00:34:59,520 Speaker 1: it is an obdurate reminder of women's independence and power 528 00:34:59,760 --> 00:35:04,120 Speaker 1: and supports women's liberation. And she talks about how society's 529 00:35:04,400 --> 00:35:09,480 Speaker 1: shape versions of what is proper adult sexuality conforming with 530 00:35:09,640 --> 00:35:13,799 Speaker 1: values that exist in that society, and she says, quote, unfortunately, 531 00:35:13,800 --> 00:35:18,120 Speaker 1: for women, Western culture equates being human with being male. Accordingly, 532 00:35:18,360 --> 00:35:21,239 Speaker 1: Western culture considers sex proper when it is confined to 533 00:35:21,320 --> 00:35:24,680 Speaker 1: actions needed to produce children. Yeah, And I mean, I 534 00:35:24,719 --> 00:35:28,360 Speaker 1: just think that there is a basic gap and understanding, 535 00:35:28,480 --> 00:35:31,000 Speaker 1: I mean, clearly, as we've talked about in this podcast 536 00:35:31,080 --> 00:35:37,279 Speaker 1: between simply how female sexual pleasure even works and how 537 00:35:37,400 --> 00:35:41,239 Speaker 1: girls are educated in that regard versus boys, and how 538 00:35:41,320 --> 00:35:45,279 Speaker 1: a lot of times our concept of what sex is 539 00:35:45,360 --> 00:35:49,359 Speaker 1: and what sexual pleasure is usually is based around the 540 00:35:49,400 --> 00:35:52,640 Speaker 1: model of vaginal intercourse. Not that there's anything wrong with 541 00:35:52,800 --> 00:35:59,480 Speaker 1: vaginal intercourse, it's just also important for girls and women 542 00:35:59,480 --> 00:36:02,799 Speaker 1: to under stan that we have this part of our 543 00:36:02,880 --> 00:36:05,759 Speaker 1: bodies that has, like you said, nothing to do with 544 00:36:05,840 --> 00:36:11,600 Speaker 1: reproduction whatsoever. It is there purely to facilitate pleasure and 545 00:36:13,080 --> 00:36:15,640 Speaker 1: that's nothing to be ashamed of. And being curious about 546 00:36:15,640 --> 00:36:18,400 Speaker 1: it is nothing to be ashamed of, and exploring it 547 00:36:18,440 --> 00:36:20,759 Speaker 1: is nothing to be ashamed of either. And if you 548 00:36:20,840 --> 00:36:25,280 Speaker 1: want to check out the ways that maybe other women 549 00:36:25,320 --> 00:36:29,839 Speaker 1: are trying to raise cultural cliteracy awareness, uh, you should 550 00:36:29,920 --> 00:36:33,920 Speaker 1: check out New York artist Sophia Wallace who in launched 551 00:36:33,960 --> 00:36:37,640 Speaker 1: a multimedia project called Cliteracy and it includes all sorts 552 00:36:37,680 --> 00:36:41,319 Speaker 1: of art installations and even a clip rodeo where you 553 00:36:41,360 --> 00:36:44,399 Speaker 1: can ride like like a bucking bull at some sort 554 00:36:44,440 --> 00:36:48,800 Speaker 1: of honky tonk bar, you can ride a giant golden 555 00:36:49,239 --> 00:36:52,880 Speaker 1: clitteris yeah, And so I do wonder if anybody's actually 556 00:36:52,920 --> 00:36:55,400 Speaker 1: seen that, like gone to it and participated in this 557 00:36:55,560 --> 00:36:59,680 Speaker 1: art movement to ride the glitter to the well. And also, 558 00:37:00,400 --> 00:37:03,000 Speaker 1: I mean that looking at that, this might sound crass, 559 00:37:03,440 --> 00:37:05,960 Speaker 1: thinking of, oh we writing the clitter is what what 560 00:37:06,239 --> 00:37:09,600 Speaker 1: of that? But the sculpture that she created for this, 561 00:37:09,920 --> 00:37:14,440 Speaker 1: of that engorged internal structure will give you a sense 562 00:37:14,719 --> 00:37:18,879 Speaker 1: of the extent of the size of it as well. Um, 563 00:37:18,920 --> 00:37:22,400 Speaker 1: I mean I mean, it's not the the external glands 564 00:37:22,880 --> 00:37:26,880 Speaker 1: is so diminutive compared to it's a nymph. Yeah, it 565 00:37:26,920 --> 00:37:31,480 Speaker 1: is rather a nymph compared to the powerhouse that is 566 00:37:31,560 --> 00:37:34,120 Speaker 1: inside of us. So, I mean, if we sound like 567 00:37:34,360 --> 00:37:38,600 Speaker 1: we're super high on clitter clitter list knowledge, we are 568 00:37:38,800 --> 00:37:43,800 Speaker 1: because it's incredible to learn about these things inside of 569 00:37:43,880 --> 00:37:48,120 Speaker 1: us that really it's taken us this long to really 570 00:37:48,160 --> 00:37:51,439 Speaker 1: begin to figure out. Right, Well, I feel like there's 571 00:37:51,480 --> 00:37:55,359 Speaker 1: just such a general societal fear of and always has been, 572 00:37:55,360 --> 00:37:59,440 Speaker 1: of women's sexuality and and independent sexuality and a desire 573 00:37:59,520 --> 00:38:02,440 Speaker 1: to want to have sex and enjoy it um. And 574 00:38:02,480 --> 00:38:05,640 Speaker 1: I feel like that is definitely contributed to sort of 575 00:38:05,719 --> 00:38:10,920 Speaker 1: men being afraid of learning more or knowing more or 576 00:38:11,080 --> 00:38:15,680 Speaker 1: caring about women's both both their physical structures and their 577 00:38:15,800 --> 00:38:19,160 Speaker 1: their sexual excitement. But it's also contributed to plenty of 578 00:38:19,160 --> 00:38:21,560 Speaker 1: women being afraid to learn more about it. And so 579 00:38:21,680 --> 00:38:24,680 Speaker 1: I definitely I'm glad we could talk about it. Yeah, 580 00:38:24,760 --> 00:38:27,280 Speaker 1: And I just wanted to add one final note about 581 00:38:27,480 --> 00:38:31,080 Speaker 1: that surgeon Peerful Days that we mentioned who in two 582 00:38:31,120 --> 00:38:36,360 Speaker 1: thousand nine, along with his research partner Odeal Bissan, producer's 583 00:38:36,440 --> 00:38:41,360 Speaker 1: first three d ultrasounds of the clitterest. He pioneered a 584 00:38:41,440 --> 00:38:47,080 Speaker 1: surgery using this research to treat women who had undergone 585 00:38:47,239 --> 00:38:54,160 Speaker 1: female genital circumcision, and by understanding this internal structure of 586 00:38:54,200 --> 00:38:57,200 Speaker 1: the clitterest, he's been able to perform more than three 587 00:38:57,320 --> 00:39:04,320 Speaker 1: thousand restorative surgeries to give these patients back sexual pleasure 588 00:39:04,400 --> 00:39:08,480 Speaker 1: that had been taken from them through the clitter ectomys 589 00:39:08,560 --> 00:39:13,360 Speaker 1: or other kinds of female circumcision techniques. So it's it's 590 00:39:13,600 --> 00:39:17,840 Speaker 1: it's about female pleasure and us knowing more about our bodies. 591 00:39:18,120 --> 00:39:22,399 Speaker 1: But it's also about this kind of healing as well, 592 00:39:22,560 --> 00:39:26,080 Speaker 1: very real physical healing for women around the world too. 593 00:39:26,480 --> 00:39:30,160 Speaker 1: So with that, let us know your thoughts. I'm curious 594 00:39:30,160 --> 00:39:33,960 Speaker 1: to know what people are thinking. Do you love your clitterests? Guys, 595 00:39:33,960 --> 00:39:36,040 Speaker 1: what do you think about the clitterests. There were a 596 00:39:36,120 --> 00:39:38,960 Speaker 1: lot of letters that we ran across in the process 597 00:39:39,000 --> 00:39:43,480 Speaker 1: of researching this too, from guys asking sex educators about 598 00:39:43,960 --> 00:39:47,480 Speaker 1: how to find the clitterest when what do you do? 599 00:39:47,880 --> 00:39:49,759 Speaker 1: And that's not a question that you should be ashamed of. 600 00:39:49,840 --> 00:39:52,759 Speaker 1: That's a great question for a straight guy to want 601 00:39:52,840 --> 00:39:56,040 Speaker 1: to know about his female partner. So and and also 602 00:39:56,160 --> 00:39:59,320 Speaker 1: side note to um when it comes to statistics about 603 00:39:59,360 --> 00:40:03,160 Speaker 1: women reaching orgasm. There was a recent study that found 604 00:40:03,360 --> 00:40:08,240 Speaker 1: that lesbians tend to achieve orgasm more regularly than straight women, 605 00:40:08,360 --> 00:40:13,600 Speaker 1: possibly because women might be a little more acquainted. Imagine that. 606 00:40:13,840 --> 00:40:17,520 Speaker 1: So with that, I have finally no more final thoughts. 607 00:40:18,719 --> 00:40:21,840 Speaker 1: Email us mom Stuff at how stuff works dot com. 608 00:40:21,960 --> 00:40:24,920 Speaker 1: You can also tweet us at Mom's Stuff podcast and 609 00:40:24,960 --> 00:40:27,680 Speaker 1: messages on Facebook, and we have a couple of messages 610 00:40:27,680 --> 00:40:35,160 Speaker 1: to share with you right now. So we've got a 611 00:40:35,200 --> 00:40:39,120 Speaker 1: couple of letters here in response to our episode Mama's Boys. 612 00:40:39,200 --> 00:40:43,000 Speaker 1: This one is from Alex and she writes, I thought 613 00:40:43,040 --> 00:40:45,040 Speaker 1: I would chime in with some comments spout dating someone 614 00:40:45,080 --> 00:40:48,600 Speaker 1: who is very close to their mother as someone who's 615 00:40:48,680 --> 00:40:51,320 Speaker 1: friends with his parents. I understand and support being close 616 00:40:51,320 --> 00:40:54,840 Speaker 1: to your parents. However, there does come a point where 617 00:40:54,840 --> 00:40:59,239 Speaker 1: it goes too far. My best example of this going 618 00:40:59,280 --> 00:41:01,840 Speaker 1: too far would be after we had been dating for 619 00:41:01,960 --> 00:41:04,520 Speaker 1: well over a year. At this point, he was still 620 00:41:04,600 --> 00:41:06,480 Speaker 1: spending more of his free time and weekends with his 621 00:41:06,560 --> 00:41:10,200 Speaker 1: mother than he was with me. Yes, I know, great relationship. 622 00:41:10,600 --> 00:41:13,080 Speaker 1: So this one week, he was only going to be 623 00:41:13,160 --> 00:41:16,399 Speaker 1: free for one night on Friday, so after getting off 624 00:41:16,440 --> 00:41:19,520 Speaker 1: work four hours late, he finally makes it to my house. 625 00:41:20,040 --> 00:41:22,760 Speaker 1: Not more than five minutes after getting there, he gets 626 00:41:22,760 --> 00:41:25,480 Speaker 1: a call from his mother, so going into another room 627 00:41:25,520 --> 00:41:27,399 Speaker 1: to talk to her for fifteen minutes, he comes out 628 00:41:27,440 --> 00:41:30,960 Speaker 1: and says he has to go to his mom's house. Concerned. 629 00:41:31,080 --> 00:41:34,200 Speaker 1: I asked, what's wrong this being the one night we 630 00:41:34,239 --> 00:41:37,640 Speaker 1: will see each other for a week. Apparently his mother 631 00:41:37,719 --> 00:41:41,000 Speaker 1: had a bad date and his feeling insecure. I could 632 00:41:41,040 --> 00:41:43,719 Speaker 1: probably dredge up more stories on the same threat as 633 00:41:43,760 --> 00:41:46,400 Speaker 1: this one, but this is definitely a gem of a story, 634 00:41:46,800 --> 00:41:49,240 Speaker 1: especially since it hits both of your request for stories 635 00:41:49,239 --> 00:41:52,480 Speaker 1: about dating Mama's boys, bad stories about dating Mama's boys 636 00:41:52,560 --> 00:41:57,120 Speaker 1: and the stereotypical game Mama's Boys. Definitely enjoying the podcast 637 00:41:57,200 --> 00:42:01,960 Speaker 1: and keep up the good work, so thanks. I'll all right, 638 00:42:02,040 --> 00:42:05,319 Speaker 1: I have a letter here from Rachel. She says, my 639 00:42:05,400 --> 00:42:09,080 Speaker 1: primary partner, I'm polyamorous, is definitely a mama's boy, and 640 00:42:09,160 --> 00:42:11,279 Speaker 1: even though his mom and I don't really see eye 641 00:42:11,280 --> 00:42:14,480 Speaker 1: to eye, I'm really glad for his less macho leanings. 642 00:42:14,920 --> 00:42:17,759 Speaker 1: My partner's mom fled Europe to get away from his 643 00:42:17,880 --> 00:42:20,360 Speaker 1: dad and raise my partner and his brother as a 644 00:42:20,400 --> 00:42:23,640 Speaker 1: single mom and immigrant, as should be expected. Both my 645 00:42:23,719 --> 00:42:25,799 Speaker 1: partner and his brother have a lot of love and 646 00:42:25,840 --> 00:42:28,759 Speaker 1: respect for their mom. One thing I found to be 647 00:42:28,880 --> 00:42:31,719 Speaker 1: much more present in my partner and his brother is 648 00:42:31,719 --> 00:42:35,200 Speaker 1: a willingness to listen to women and an openness to femininity. 649 00:42:35,719 --> 00:42:39,120 Speaker 1: And they both tend to date strong willed women, which 650 00:42:39,160 --> 00:42:41,279 Speaker 1: is a part of why I butt heads with my 651 00:42:41,760 --> 00:42:45,640 Speaker 1: mother and thin she calls her anyway. I've never had 652 00:42:45,680 --> 00:42:47,960 Speaker 1: my partner's relationship with his mom get in the way 653 00:42:47,960 --> 00:42:51,319 Speaker 1: of his relationship with me, but his dad being back 654 00:42:51,320 --> 00:42:53,880 Speaker 1: in the picture has caused a little drama because his 655 00:42:54,120 --> 00:42:58,520 Speaker 1: dad doesn't appreciate the avoidance of machismo as much as 656 00:42:58,600 --> 00:43:01,919 Speaker 1: everyone else does. Of Course, true to form, my mother 657 00:43:01,960 --> 00:43:04,120 Speaker 1: and sin has managed to keep her husband in line, 658 00:43:04,160 --> 00:43:06,960 Speaker 1: and that makes me cackle a bit. So thanks Rachel, 659 00:43:07,440 --> 00:43:10,080 Speaker 1: and thanks to everybody who's written to us. Mom Stuff 660 00:43:10,080 --> 00:43:12,560 Speaker 1: at how stuffworks dot Com is our email address and 661 00:43:12,560 --> 00:43:14,720 Speaker 1: for links to all of our social media as well 662 00:43:14,760 --> 00:43:18,239 Speaker 1: as all of our blogs, videos, and podcasts, including this one, 663 00:43:18,239 --> 00:43:21,279 Speaker 1: which also includes all of our sources. So you can 664 00:43:21,320 --> 00:43:25,040 Speaker 1: follow along with us. Go to stuff Mom Never Told 665 00:43:25,080 --> 00:43:31,040 Speaker 1: You dot com for more on this and thousands of 666 00:43:31,040 --> 00:43:41,160 Speaker 1: other topics. Does it how Stuff works dot com,