WEBVTT - Short Stuff: Cyclospora

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<v Speaker 1>Hey, and welcome to the Short Stuff. I'm Josh, there's Chuck.

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<v Speaker 1>Jerry's here sitting in for day. So this is the

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<v Speaker 1>short Stuff. Let's go.

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<v Speaker 2>That's right. Today, we're talking about the recent cyclo sporiasis

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<v Speaker 2>outbreak that everyone heard about, notably with like tainted lettuce

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<v Speaker 2>usually is what you're hearing on the news, and Taco

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<v Speaker 2>Bell was in the news because it turns out that

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<v Speaker 2>the supplier that they used was seems to have been

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<v Speaker 2>ground zero for this outbreak. But we're gonna explain what

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<v Speaker 2>cyclospora is all about.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, it's this outbreak as of August thirteenth, which was

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<v Speaker 1>the latest data we could find. It's August twentieth, now,

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<v Speaker 1>so this is old. Okay, it's twenty eight fifty six

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<v Speaker 1>people have been sickened with I'm gonna I'm going with cyclosporiasis.

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<v Speaker 1>It sounded like you gave the British pronunciation boreassis. Yes, yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>it suddenly sounded like you had tea in your hand. Yeah.

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<v Speaker 1>So twenty eight thousand plus people have been sicken, two

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<v Speaker 1>people have died, and just a month before it was

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<v Speaker 1>at nine four hundred and eighty one cases. And you're like, wow,

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<v Speaker 1>that's a lot of people, and it is. This is

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<v Speaker 1>actually the third biggest food born outbreak in US history.

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<v Speaker 1>From what anyone could tell, it's the biggest cyclospora outbreak

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<v Speaker 1>in human history. And even with those eye popping stats

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<v Speaker 1>associated with it, that twenty eight thousand case number is

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<v Speaker 1>probably just a fraction of the actual number of cases

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<v Speaker 1>of people who have gotten sickened by with cyclosporiasis.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, for sure, I think there were only thirty eight

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<v Speaker 2>states reporting the you know, as far as reporting goes,

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<v Speaker 2>it's like people who went to the hospital and a

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<v Speaker 2>lot of people just like wrote it out, I'm sure.

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<v Speaker 2>And then even at the hospital you have to have

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<v Speaker 2>a special test to see if it's actually that, and

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<v Speaker 2>not all the hospitals probably did that test, so they

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<v Speaker 2>probably just treated people for dehydration and diarrhea. So it's

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<v Speaker 2>a much bigger number than that. And let's talk about

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<v Speaker 2>what this thing is. Because it is a not a plant,

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<v Speaker 2>it's not a fungus or an animal. It's not a

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<v Speaker 2>bacteria or a virus. It is a protozoan and it's

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<v Speaker 2>a parasite and the human is the host.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, and it's not brand new. But the reason we

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<v Speaker 1>can pretty confidently say that in all of human history,

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<v Speaker 1>this is the biggest outbreak of cyclosporiasis. Is because the

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<v Speaker 1>first case that anyone's ever documented was in like nineteen

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<v Speaker 1>seventy eight in Papua New Guinea, and it's even newer

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<v Speaker 1>here in the United States. The first outbreak was in

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<v Speaker 1>nineteen ninety five.

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<v Speaker 2>Right, yeah, in Chicago, only twenty three cases. Then there

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<v Speaker 2>was one in Florida the next year, about forty five cases.

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<v Speaker 2>Those were raspberries from Guatemala. And every summer basically there's

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<v Speaker 2>a little something, but nothing like we saw this year.

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<v Speaker 2>They you know, this stuff can live. This protozoan can

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<v Speaker 2>live in rivers. It lives in water drinking water, rivers, lakes,

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<v Speaker 2>swimming pools, and it likes to hide in like berries

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<v Speaker 2>and leafy vegetables because there's lots of little crevices and

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<v Speaker 2>nooks and crannies where it won't get washed out even

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<v Speaker 2>if you're like rinsing your stuff. Also on knives and utensils,

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<v Speaker 2>and also from unwashed hands.

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<v Speaker 1>Gross very like just let's be clear. It passes through

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<v Speaker 1>human sewage. That's its mode of transportation, right, So that

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<v Speaker 1>means that somebody had human poop on their knife or

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<v Speaker 1>their hands, if that's where you got it.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, so we should talk about the life cycle because

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<v Speaker 2>it begins when it enters your mouth. It is in

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<v Speaker 2>what's earliest stage. It's an infectious o cyst. Did you

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<v Speaker 2>know how that's what was pronounced.

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<v Speaker 1>That's the British way pronouncing it. I'm going with ossist.

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<v Speaker 2>It is osis to actually look that up. And it

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<v Speaker 2>is an egg that basically protects it from the outside

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<v Speaker 2>world until it gets into the human system where it

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<v Speaker 2>latches onto your gut and starts a fourteen stage life cycle,

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<v Speaker 2>which takes two days to two weeks to incubate before

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<v Speaker 2>it becomes an infection.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, and the reason it takes so long is because

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<v Speaker 1>that HSIs. Is that what you said?

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, with emphasis on the first ooh ooh or osis

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<v Speaker 2>sorry o sist.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, like ooh ooh sis. It's very tough. It's like

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<v Speaker 1>a tough container like you said, that protects the actual

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<v Speaker 1>infectious part and it has to break down, and it's

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<v Speaker 1>evolved to break down in the human gut thanks to

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<v Speaker 1>your digestive juices and your bile and the temperature of

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<v Speaker 1>your body inside your gut, all those things come together

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<v Speaker 1>and break the oos this down, and now all of

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<v Speaker 1>a sudden, four sausage shaped spoiulets get dumped out into

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<v Speaker 1>your gut and start going to work and essentially making

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<v Speaker 1>it really hard for your gut to absorb water. And

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<v Speaker 1>because your body's trying to poop this stuff out, you

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<v Speaker 1>have water butt like you have never had it before.

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<v Speaker 2>That's right. And every time you do poop, you pass

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<v Speaker 2>along up to ten thousand osis per cubic centimeter of feces.

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<v Speaker 1>That's a lot ooey gooey. Theces it says, should we

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<v Speaker 1>take a break?

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, all right, we'll be right back. Sweat shot shot stop,

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<v Speaker 2>all right, so we're back. You said, the main symptom

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<v Speaker 2>is really really bad diarrhea, which obviously was going to

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<v Speaker 2>lead to bad dehydration, like dangerous dehydration and electrolyte imbalances,

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<v Speaker 2>potential kidney damage, risk, maybe hospitalization. As we've seen up

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<v Speaker 2>to ten percent body weight weight loss.

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<v Speaker 1>That's nuts.

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<v Speaker 2>That's a lot, you know, depending on who you are.

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<v Speaker 2>But that's a lot no matter what, because it's ten

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<v Speaker 2>percent of whoever you are, you know.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, what's interesting is there's not an inflammation or fever

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<v Speaker 1>that's usually associated with a stomach bug. It's just a

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<v Speaker 1>lot of pooping and the risk of really bad dehydration

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<v Speaker 1>and then all the stuff that comes with that, right.

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<v Speaker 2>That's right.

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<v Speaker 1>So once you poop that stuff out, it makes it

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<v Speaker 1>back into the water supply, it gets back into your

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<v Speaker 1>food stuff we'll talk about in a second, and then

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<v Speaker 1>the cycle begins again. And that's probably what happened. The

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<v Speaker 1>water supply was used on food crops where really, if

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<v Speaker 1>you step back and think about it for even a second,

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<v Speaker 1>it shouldn't be. But let's talk about Chuck. Why this

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<v Speaker 1>US outbreak in twenty twenty six is the biggest one,

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<v Speaker 1>the biggest cyclist bariasis outbreak in human history.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, well, one is a climate change, you know, with

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<v Speaker 2>rising temperatures across the globe. These you know, I don't

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<v Speaker 2>think we mentioned that this thing used to be found

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<v Speaker 2>only in the tropics, right, but now these pathogens can

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<v Speaker 2>be found elsewhere because of rising temps. The second one,

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<v Speaker 2>and you know, we're not getting political, but this is

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<v Speaker 2>just a stone cold fact. This presidential administration is cut

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<v Speaker 2>funding for food safety programs, including two key ones that

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<v Speaker 2>might have stopped this the Food Emergency Response Network. They

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<v Speaker 2>grant states funding to test for food pathogens like this,

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<v Speaker 2>and food Net which track outbreak causing pathogens, and food

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<v Speaker 2>Nets specifically literally, because of a lack of funding, stopped

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<v Speaker 2>tracking six of the eight pathogens that it used to

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<v Speaker 2>always track, and cyclospora is one of those.

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<v Speaker 1>Yep.

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<v Speaker 2>So you know, that's just the deal.

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<v Speaker 1>Plus the federal agencies that are responsible for basically taking

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<v Speaker 1>the lead and guiding healthcare providers and public health officials

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<v Speaker 1>and all that stuff throughout the country just sat on

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<v Speaker 1>their hands for months. As a matter of fact, it

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<v Speaker 1>was about two full months before the CDC stepped forward

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<v Speaker 1>with guidelines and essentially basically really started talking about this publicly.

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<v Speaker 1>In the meantime, this outbreak was bad enough that somebody

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<v Speaker 1>had to do something. So Michigan ended up stepping forward

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<v Speaker 1>and filling the role that the CDC was just dropping

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<v Speaker 1>the ball on. They ended up issuing guidelines and stuff

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<v Speaker 1>that obviously weren't you know, regulations or anything, but that

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<v Speaker 1>other healthcare providers in other states were like, Okay, good,

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<v Speaker 1>now I know what to do thanks to the state

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<v Speaker 1>of Michigan, not the federal government, which is supposed to do.

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<v Speaker 1>And if you put all that together, you're like, wow,

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<v Speaker 1>this happened really fast, and to me, it gives a

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<v Speaker 1>picture of like the United States built a really impressive

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<v Speaker 1>food born illness surveillance network that was fragile apparently, but

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<v Speaker 1>that really worked because if you just pull that stuff

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<v Speaker 1>away and then this is the stuff that happens. I

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<v Speaker 1>think there's twenty food born outbreaks right now going on

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<v Speaker 1>in the United States. It's in a way, it's really

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<v Speaker 1>impressive how effective it was before.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, for sure, And boy, hats off to you Michiganers

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<v Speaker 2>for taking the lead on that. One of the other

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<v Speaker 2>big reasons is big agriculture. When it's you know, something

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<v Speaker 2>like that has been consolidated so much an industry has

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<v Speaker 2>that means that you know, Americans are getting their crops

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<v Speaker 2>from just you know, the same places basically, So if

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<v Speaker 2>something like this happens, like happened at Taylor Farms, this

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<v Speaker 2>was Tailor Farms to Mexico, which was the agricultural site,

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<v Speaker 2>even though it's a California based company, all of a sudden,

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<v Speaker 2>this stuff's going out all over the country. There's also

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<v Speaker 2>Tailor Farms is also being identified as a source of

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<v Speaker 2>the other outbreaks, a couple of them, the salmonilla outbreak,

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<v Speaker 2>at least from Jalapenos. I think. Yeah.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, And for those who don't speak Spanish, Taylor farms

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<v Speaker 1>to Mexico means tailor farms of Mexico. So and it's

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<v Speaker 1>not just Mexico or Guatemala where you're going to find

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<v Speaker 1>tainted produce. Something I was kind of alluding to earlier

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<v Speaker 1>is that the cyclospora find its way finds its way

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<v Speaker 1>to your food crops through human sewage. And that can

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<v Speaker 1>actually happen in the United States because there are, let

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<v Speaker 1>me find it, more than half. I think twenty seven

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<v Speaker 1>states allow for treated sewage water to be used to

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<v Speaker 1>irrigate food crops.

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<v Speaker 2>I did not know that, I did neither. Nine states

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<v Speaker 2>don't have any policy, four have guidelines, and fourteen states

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<v Speaker 2>allow it for crops but not food crops. Yeah, and

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<v Speaker 2>you know, yeah, that's where it's coming from.

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<v Speaker 1>Yes, so they and we did say treated sewage waste, yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>of course, right, So it's not like they're just spraying

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<v Speaker 1>like feces all over your lettuce, but essentially on a

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<v Speaker 1>microscopic level, they often are because a lot of sewage

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<v Speaker 1>treatment plants aren't set up to handle cyclospora. Because again,

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<v Speaker 1>this is not your average bacteria or virus. This is

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<v Speaker 1>its own thing. So thecites cysts can make it through

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<v Speaker 1>onto your your lettuce or whatever. And then also sometimes

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<v Speaker 1>those bacteria and the viruses that the sewage treatment plant

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<v Speaker 1>is set up to take care of make it through anyway.

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<v Speaker 1>So this is what I was saying. It seems pretty

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<v Speaker 1>smart to just stop using treated sewage on food crops.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, and maybe fund the agencies that are responsible for

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<v Speaker 2>keeping track of the stuff, would be AWES. Sure.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, So if you feel at all like you should

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<v Speaker 1>go to the hospital, if you have cyclo spiasis right now,

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<v Speaker 1>or if you have really bad water, but for any reason,

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<v Speaker 1>just go, like, don't risk it. Whatever. But if you

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<v Speaker 1>don't want to get cyclosporiasis, there are some steps you

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<v Speaker 1>can take. One of them is, at the very least

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<v Speaker 1>wash off all of your stuff, because that can help.

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<v Speaker 1>But cyclosporiasis can still hide, right Chuck.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, I mean we talked in Act one about the

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<v Speaker 2>little nooks and crannies, and it's hard to get through.

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<v Speaker 2>Sometimes the only thing to kill it is to cook

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<v Speaker 2>it to one hundred and sixty degrees fahrenheit. But you're

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<v Speaker 2>not cooking your let us for your taco.

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<v Speaker 1>No, that's great. That's like the Mom and Better Off

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<v Speaker 1>Dead who boiled the bacon.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, that was a really silly part of that movie,

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<v Speaker 2>that whole mom's scene. Yeah. Stuff that's you know, like

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<v Speaker 2>stuff that has a nice wrapper around it, like a

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<v Speaker 2>banana and avocado. You're doing okay, and you know, do

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<v Speaker 2>plenty of handwashing obviously as well.

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<v Speaker 1>For sure. And if you are on the vergeer, I've

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<v Speaker 1>already started an email telling us how you used to

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<v Speaker 1>like us before we became political. Just stop, don't bother short.

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<v Speaker 1>Stuff's out.

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