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Speaker 1: Dear, let you know USA listener. Before we start, you

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Speaker 1: should know that if you want to listen to this

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Speaker 1: episode ad free, just joins and you can join for

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Speaker 1: as little as seven dollars a month. Joining also gets

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Speaker 1: you behind the scenes access and yes, some cheese me

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Speaker 1: So click the link in the episode description and after

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Speaker 1: you do that, then click play. Let's go to the show.

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Speaker 2: Well.

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Speaker 3: It's nine am at summer camp.

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Speaker 4: This morning at the tile well, and I fell.

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Speaker 5: Asleep about fifty kids and teens from kindergarten to high

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Speaker 5: school or getting ready to start the day, and in the.

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Speaker 4: Money, I was tiled. But then it's excited when.

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Speaker 5: The campers are carrying lunchboxes and walking into this brightly

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Speaker 5: lit space where the walls and windows are covered in.

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Speaker 3: Drawing, It's back to you.

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Speaker 6: A handful of.

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Speaker 5: Kids find a table and they quickly start a game

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Speaker 5: of Oh no.

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Speaker 7: You guys are cooked.

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Speaker 3: Stop say that.

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Speaker 5: Some of the kids are coloring quietly with the counselors,

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Speaker 5: and a group of middle school girls are sitting in

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Speaker 5: the corner sipping out of pink water bottles.

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Speaker 7: The pea cheating off the straff.

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Speaker 5: But the counselors are wearing these colorful name tags and

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Speaker 5: red whistles around their necks. This is a community with

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Speaker 5: a large immigrant population, so they're switching between English and Spanish.

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Speaker 5: How at a glance, this looks like a typical summer camp,

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Speaker 5: but for the kids here, this summer has been anything

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Speaker 5: but normal. We're not going to tell you where this

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Speaker 5: camp is or what anyone's name is in order to

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Speaker 5: ensure their safety. And remember those red whistles around the

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Speaker 5: councilor's next. They have a very specific purpose. They're the

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Speaker 5: first line of defense against ice. If a federal agent

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Speaker 5: shows up at camp, they'll blow the whistle. A counselor

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Speaker 5: tells us that this is part of a carefully designed

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Speaker 5: plan that volunteers and campers have been practicing like a

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Speaker 5: fire drill.

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Speaker 8: We have two outdoor monitors, we have door monitors. We

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Speaker 8: have a campus monitor that's just keeping an eye out.

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Speaker 8: We took down our signage, taped up paper on the walls.

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Speaker 8: We're going to have some of the students draw on it.

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Speaker 8: But that's an ice measure.

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Speaker 5: These children and teens are some of the over four

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Speaker 5: million US citizens under the age of eighteen who live

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Speaker 5: with at least one undocumented parent, and for them Trump's

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Speaker 5: mass deportation campaign.

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Speaker 3: Feels like it's at the front door of their lives,

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Speaker 3: even in safe havens like camp.

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Speaker 6: This is a my drowning of a cat.

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Speaker 7: So the camp was living in a neighborhood in a

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Speaker 7: box because his family went to go on fine Field

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Speaker 7: and they got lost. Even the bodda trying to find

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Speaker 7: the family, the mom and dad, and he also got lost.

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Speaker 7: He felt nervous, sad. He was crying because she didn't

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Speaker 7: found his family.

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Speaker 1: From Fudurrobibia. It's Latino USA. I'm Maria and your horsa

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Speaker 1: today a summer vacation like no other. Summer came as

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Speaker 1: ICE increasingly began to target undocumented people with no criminal

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Speaker 1: record whatsoever. We wanted to know what summer break looks

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Speaker 1: like for US citizen children of undocumented immigrant parents, the

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Speaker 1: millions of American kids who live in fear that their

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Speaker 1: own parents could be taken by ICE. We take you

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Speaker 1: to two places. The camp that you just heard about.

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Speaker 1: We're also going to introduce you to a teenage girl

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Speaker 1: who's navigating her final summer before starting college. We're going

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Speaker 1: to hear in their own words, what it's like to

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Speaker 1: grow up in the backdrop of Trump's America in the

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Speaker 1: summer of twenty twenty five. I'm going to pass the

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Speaker 1: mic back to producer Ariel Goodman, who's going to take

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Speaker 1: us now to meet the teenage girl, Sophie.

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Speaker 3: No sorry, Sophie is practicing parallel parking.

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Speaker 5: She's in this sprawling parking lot outside of a mall.

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Speaker 3: She's getting ready for her driver's test.

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Speaker 9: I'm I used to parking in parking lots, so that's

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Speaker 9: what we're doing right now.

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Speaker 6: We're practicing in a parking lot.

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Speaker 5: This is a mile stone that she's been working towards

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Speaker 5: for months, and it's one that's required sixty five hours

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Speaker 5: of driving practice with her dad, Ba.

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Speaker 10: Ba And as you can imagine, it hasn't always been pretty.

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Speaker 11: Sofas pedro recomendo sofa yellow Movian.

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Speaker 6: We get into fights, but he's a good teacher.

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Speaker 9: Like we might scream at each other, but like at

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Speaker 9: the end, I'm a better driver regardless.

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Speaker 5: Sophie's dad is undocumented and he's been in the US

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Speaker 5: longer than he ever lived in Mexico, where he was born.

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Speaker 3: He was Sophie's age when he first came here, really close.

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Speaker 5: He was working these long night shifts at a bakery,

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Speaker 5: and he didn't have a license back then, but he

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Speaker 5: needed to drive in order to get to work, so

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Speaker 5: he would risk it.

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Speaker 9: Me as an eighteen year old, I can't imagine like

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Speaker 9: not being able to have your license where you're driving,

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Speaker 9: Like that's really hard.

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Speaker 6: Even with my permit, it still feels really scary.

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Speaker 3: Sophie is a US citizen, she was born here.

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Speaker 9: But still I could be a really good driver, but

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Speaker 9: once that police car comes behind me, everything comes out

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Speaker 9: the window. Because I'm with my dad or I'm with

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Speaker 9: my mom, Like they could take my mom, they could

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Speaker 9: take my dad, they could take me, because racial biases

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Speaker 9: are all the same. You see me, you see my mom,

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Speaker 9: you see my dad. The common denominator is that we're

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Speaker 9: in Mexican, and like, I don't want to be detained,

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Speaker 9: but knowing there's about possibility when you go outside, it's

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Speaker 9: hard for me to enjoy my summer.

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Speaker 5: Sophie is not alone in this feeling. In fact, the

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Speaker 5: reason we're telling you her story is because of just

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Speaker 5: how common this is. It's also the reason that we're

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Speaker 5: not telling you what city were in, or the names

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Speaker 5: of anyone else in her family come.

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Speaker 3: Okay.

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Speaker 5: Sophie's dad shares this sense of unease. It's one of

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Speaker 5: the main reasons he's teaching his daughter to drive this summer.

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Speaker 11: The then was mio Qui Juan.

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Speaker 5: He and his wife are scared of being taken by ice,

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Speaker 5: but their biggest concern is what would happen to their

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Speaker 5: daughter's life if they were.

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Speaker 3: Taken Sophie.

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Speaker 11: Suela.

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Speaker 5: Sophie's dad says that teaching her how to drive means

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Speaker 5: that if the worst were to happen, he would at

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Speaker 5: least know that she could get herself to college or

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Speaker 5: drive herself to doctor's appointments.

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Speaker 11: Maybe maibe in Sofia Hey practical.

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Speaker 5: Sophie's dad has worked in construction for over a decade,

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Speaker 5: and last year, the owner of the construction company where

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Speaker 5: he works voted for Trump, and soon after the inauguration.

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Speaker 11: Lost problem say especially.

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Speaker 5: His boss called him. He told him it's best that

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Speaker 5: you stay home. Once things quote calm down, we can

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Speaker 5: get back to work.

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Speaker 11: I didn't lose my job, it was just like the

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Speaker 11: person I was working he know, feels safe for me.

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Speaker 6: Well, you're no longer working with him, though he's not

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Speaker 6: giving you pay leave like he fired you. Papa.

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Speaker 11: If he's afraid that when somebody call the police, I

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Speaker 11: could get the party. So he's he's not he's no

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Speaker 11: one on his on his conscient He.

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Speaker 6: Doesn't want to lose his most valuable worker, basically. But

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Speaker 6: I find kind of.

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Speaker 3: Suspicious.

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Speaker 9: If I feel comfortable because my dad likes his boss,

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Speaker 9: I guess, But me personally, I am giving him this.

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Speaker 9: It's giving situationship like you're not getting any of the benefits.

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Speaker 9: You're just doing his work.

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Speaker 3: N he didn't value you.

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Speaker 5: At this point, Sophie has practiced parallel parking over twenty times.

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Speaker 5: Under the beating hot sun. She parks and gets out

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Speaker 5: her log book from the glove compartment. It's filled with

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Speaker 5: these carefully handwritten entries that log every time her and

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Speaker 5: her dad have practice driving this summer. She logs her

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Speaker 5: practice session and then she realizes she's reached the sixty

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Speaker 5: five hours that she needs to get her license.

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Speaker 6: Everything's good right now, life is good.

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Speaker 9: Yeah, as completion for my sixty five hours of driving,

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Speaker 9: We're going to the Mexican ice cream place.

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Speaker 6: Yes, it's a tree for both of us. She built love.

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Speaker 5: We drive to the ice cream store and walk in.

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Speaker 5: Sophie and her dad are excited. They say that this

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Speaker 5: shop is the best one in town.

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Speaker 6: Well, I like their Bubblegum flavor ice cream.

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Speaker 3: It's really good.

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Speaker 6: My mom likes her on us.

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Speaker 5: As we wait for our order, all of our eyes

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Speaker 5: drift to the TV hanging in the back wall of

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Speaker 5: the shop.

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Speaker 3: It's a national newscast from Univision.

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Speaker 5: A councilman from Los Angeles is describing this massive ice

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Speaker 5: rate that just took place amidst the uprisings in LA

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Speaker 5: over the summers, and so they're taking workers, the councilman says,

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Speaker 5: people with families and deep roots in this country. They're

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Speaker 5: entering churches without Warrantsrero's.

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Speaker 7: Familias he is.

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Speaker 3: Ada for young people like Sophie. This summer sort of

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Speaker 3: looks like any other.

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Speaker 5: It's filled with long, hot days, fun moments with friends,

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Speaker 5: some boredom. But in the background of day to day

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Speaker 5: life is this sense of profound and encroaching fear that

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Speaker 5: a parent and life as they know it could get

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Speaker 5: taken away from them at any moment.

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Speaker 1: Coming up on Latino USA. As ice raids swept small

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Speaker 1: towns and big cities across the country this summer, we

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Speaker 1: ended up speaking with experts about the trauma that children

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Speaker 1: experience when they're forced to live in a state of

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Speaker 1: fear about their parents' safety. Stay with us, Yes, hey,

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Speaker 1: we're back. Before the break, we heard from Sophie. She's

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Speaker 1: a teenager navigating summer vacation amidst the fear of ice.

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Speaker 1: And as the season went on, ice raids continued to intensify,

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Speaker 1: sending shockwaves through many immigrant communities. Producer Ariel Goodman takes

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Speaker 1: us back to the summer camp now that we visited

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Speaker 1: at the top of the show, and we're going to

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Speaker 1: try to understand how the kids there are making sense

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Speaker 1: of it all.

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Speaker 5: This summer's ice raids followed a similar playbook. Dramatic videos

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Speaker 5: show federal agents detaining day laborers and home depot parking lots,

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Speaker 5: and chasing farm workers across fields. Groups of masked officers

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Speaker 5: swarming in and picking people up off the streets, shoving

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Speaker 5: them into unmarked cars, Massive groups of armed agents descending

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Speaker 5: on workplaces.

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Speaker 6: Vice agents swarming all the gates.

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Speaker 3: Here at the car wash, grabbing some of the workers

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Speaker 3: as they dried cars.

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Speaker 5: It didn't matter if it was a small town or

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Speaker 5: a big city. Each raid started to feel more militarized

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Speaker 5: than the previous one, and the ripple effects could be

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Speaker 5: felt everywhere. Back at summer camp, the same one we visited.

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Speaker 5: At the beginning of this piece, a high schooler is

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Speaker 5: celebrating her birthday. The camp's director is checking in with

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Speaker 5: the over fifty campers, whose ages run from kindergarten to

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Speaker 5: high school, as if there.

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Speaker 12: Is something that worried you today or the warriors this week.

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Speaker 3: Is past.

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Speaker 5: I'm afraid they'll take my parents away. It's a common

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Speaker 5: feeling at this summer camp. According to the camp's director,

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Speaker 5: whose name we're not going to use in order to

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Speaker 5: protect him and everyone else.

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Speaker 12: We know that in the town there has been high

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Speaker 12: levels of anxiety by the presence of eyes in which

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Speaker 12: lately has been showing as a militarized police. That image

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Speaker 12: is really terrorizing because it's people who are coming equip

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Speaker 12: with many weapons on them. And I think one of

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Speaker 12: the losses is normality. Normality to go for chopping, normality,

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Speaker 12: to put the kids to the school boss, normality used

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Speaker 12: to walk as a family in the park, the normality

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Speaker 12: to have fun, and the kids are feeling unsafe. Of course,

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Speaker 12: they are not blind. They listen, they see they understand

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Speaker 12: what is happening around.

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Speaker 5: In order to understand what young people in the US

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Speaker 5: are going through right now, I spoke to experts who

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Speaker 5: study the effects of war on children. One of them

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Speaker 5: was a cousin of mine, clinical child psychologist doctor Andrea

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Speaker 5: Goodman Hansel, whose doctoral research focused on the kind of

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Speaker 5: trauma that children carry when they survive things like a holocaust,

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Speaker 5: a war, or a natural disaster.

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Speaker 6: After a natural disaster, people can say to a child, Okay,

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Speaker 6: the hurricane is over, it's not going to hit here again.

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Speaker 7: You are safe.

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Speaker 3: We're going to build from here.

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Speaker 5: But children worried about their parents getting to have no

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Speaker 5: sense of relief. She says that living in this state

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Speaker 5: of unknowing produces a kind of chronic PTSD that leads

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Speaker 5: kids to lose trust in the world itself. It was

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Speaker 5: something that the dozens of kids that I spoke to

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Speaker 5: for this piece were managing in different ways, but they

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Speaker 5: were all reckoning with something similar, a loss of the

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Speaker 5: idea that the world is a safe place.

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Speaker 2: I just hope my parents don't like get taken away,

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Speaker 2: or like they don't get caught something like that, because

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Speaker 2: it's sad seeing how others get their parents taken away,

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Speaker 2: and I like every crime for them.

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Speaker 9: Mostly all the summer i've been home, I haven't really

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Speaker 9: been going places. My family's like worried when they go

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Speaker 9: outside because of ice could be anywhere.

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Speaker 7: Sometimes my dad showed my mom videos stuff ice the

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Speaker 7: police deporting people. Were scared that the police comes to

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Speaker 7: our block and knock on all the doors and checked

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Speaker 7: up their immigrants or not. One time I dreamed about

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Speaker 7: the police coming in our house and they got our parents,

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Speaker 7: and then all my cousins started crying. I jumped off

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Speaker 7: my bed and I started running to my mom's room

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Speaker 7: because I was scared, and then then I walked them up.

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Speaker 6: And what's your message to other kids who are going.

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Speaker 11: Through this.

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Speaker 7: If they get like nervous, like, don't get shy and

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Speaker 7: breathing and reale and continue what you was doing.

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Speaker 5: Okay, let's see you do it.

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Speaker 1: We'll be right back. Yes, hey, we're back. Before the break,

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Speaker 1: we heard directly from some of the more than four

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Speaker 1: million US citizen kids who are grappling with the looming

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Speaker 1: terror of Trump's immigration policies. We're going to go back

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Speaker 1: now to Sophie, who's the teenager that we last heard

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Speaker 1: from when she was practicing for her driver's test, and

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Speaker 1: our producer Ariel Goodman is going to take it from here.

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Speaker 5: For Sophie, this was a summer of milestones, and it

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Speaker 5: started with her high school graduation.

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Speaker 9: I was scared of walking up on the stage. Those

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Speaker 9: heels were really killing me. I was thinking, Wow, I'm

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Speaker 9: finishing high school. I'm going out to college.

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Speaker 5: Sophie's mom grew up in Mexico and this was a

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Speaker 5: scene that she had only ever watched in movies from

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Speaker 5: the US JOOI and Fendicula Mexico Quelos Studiente s at

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Speaker 5: savan suvirete, the classic scene of smiling teenagers throwing their

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Speaker 5: caps up into the air. So soon, Sophie will be

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Speaker 5: the first member of her family to go to college,

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Speaker 5: where she plans to study immigration law.

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Speaker 3: This means a lot to Sophie's mom.

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Speaker 5: When she first got here, she was undocumented, she was

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Speaker 5: navigating a new country, she didn't speak the language, and

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Speaker 5: she often felt like she couldn't give her daughter the

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Speaker 5: support she needed at school. But on top of getting

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Speaker 5: a high school diploma, Sophie also received a special recognition

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Speaker 5: from the school district for being a bilingual student. She

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Speaker 5: was being recognized for something that her mom taught her

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Speaker 5: her Spanish.

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Speaker 13: Medioma mil ingua la manela and let me be that

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Speaker 13: la mandela, let me carrassan maybe the then tu san diaz,

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Speaker 13: india frutos.

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Speaker 9: I know she was ashamed of her Spanish when she

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Speaker 9: came here, but now I'm like, wow, I am getting

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Speaker 9: recognized that I can speak Spanish.

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Speaker 5: A few days after graduation, Sophie's family and friends gathered

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Speaker 5: to celebrate in a park and.

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Speaker 9: We were pairing for the party and we were all

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Speaker 9: setting up and like there's a lot of police activity

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Speaker 9: because I heard like ambulances and stuff. I was like, ooh,

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Speaker 9: I don't know what's happening there. And then we saw

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Speaker 9: a band and I was like, whoa a band? And

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Speaker 9: then I saw I was like, oh, white my heart

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Speaker 9: saying because like how how myself was to react? I

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Speaker 9: was scared, but like, thankfully it wasn't any Ice fans,

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Speaker 9: but it's still kind of like made me remember, like

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Speaker 9: you're not really safe even if you're celebrating the best moments.

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Speaker 5: You know, throughout Sophie's summer, that fear hung at the

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Speaker 5: edges of her everyday life.

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Speaker 3: Like a distant ghost. I'm about go to college.

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Speaker 9: I want to go to the pool. I want to

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Speaker 9: hang out with my boyfriend. I want to hang out

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Speaker 9: with my friends like I want to be a teenager.

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Speaker 9: I want to get in trouble with my parents, not

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Speaker 9: with the Department of Homeland Security, you know, or ice.

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Speaker 5: But still, Sophie moved forward with her summer despite the fear.

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Speaker 5: She celebrated her eighteenth birthday this then it was time

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Speaker 5: for a long awaited moment.

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Speaker 11: Okay, it's fuss.

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Speaker 9: Right now, we're in my car or my dad's car,

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Speaker 9: because we are going to my exam for driving.

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Speaker 5: On a rainy morning, Sophie gripped the steering wheel and

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Speaker 5: she drove with her parents to take her driver's license test.

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Speaker 5: We got to the offices, Sophie registered with an instructor

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Speaker 5: and then got into the car that despite her being

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Speaker 5: kind of embarrassed about it, her parents were both filming

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Speaker 5: the whole thing on their cell phones with huge smiles

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Speaker 5: on their faces.

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Speaker 13: Uh.

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Speaker 5: She pulled out of the parking lot and her mom

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Speaker 5: and dad waited, but when she came back, she was crying.

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Speaker 3: She didn't pass.

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Speaker 5: Okay, you're strong, her dad tells her. This isn't going

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Speaker 5: to break you. You get three chances, it's gonna be fine.

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Speaker 5: Sophie moved on with her summer, but in the background,

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Speaker 5: the Trump administration's attacks on immigrants continued to intensify. Parents

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Speaker 5: trying to drop off their kids at school watched as

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Speaker 5: Ice agents handcuffed a woman just a block away from

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Speaker 5: the playground. As the end of the summer approached, All

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Speaker 5: of this was in the back of Sophie's mind as

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Speaker 5: she prepared to leave home and go to college.

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Speaker 9: It feels wrong because you assume, I guess a child,

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Speaker 9: that your parents would protect you no matter what. But

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Speaker 9: what happens when they can't protect you, and what happens

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Speaker 9: when they leave you? How am I going to support

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Speaker 9: myself if I don't know how to?

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Speaker 5: Sophie took her driver's test again, and this time she

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Speaker 5: passed and got her license. Then, as often happens during

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Speaker 5: summer vacation, it was like you close your eyes and

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Speaker 5: all of a sudden.

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Speaker 2: Good morning.

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Speaker 3: How is everybody exciting done? It's freshman drop off day

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Speaker 3: at college.

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Speaker 5: The dorm is filled with families taking pictures and accompanying

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Speaker 5: slightly lost looking students as they move in Sophie's dad

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Speaker 5: carries these huge boxes of shoes.

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Speaker 3: And bedding up two flights of stairs.

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Speaker 5: Her mom is carefully disinfecting the drawers of the dorm

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Speaker 5: room bureau and neatly putting her clothes away. After they finish,

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Speaker 5: Sophie and her mom hug and start to crack. Her

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Speaker 5: dad is filming the whole thing and trying to get

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Speaker 5: her to smile. You're gonna try your best and build

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Speaker 5: something better for yourself, he says. Then he makes her

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Speaker 5: send a message to someone who will also miss her,

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Speaker 5: their dog Max.

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Speaker 11: Okay, I love you.

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Speaker 3: Back at camp, the kids are also getting ready to

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Speaker 3: say goodbye.

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Speaker 4: Tell us what we're doing right now? We're going to

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Speaker 4: see The river is.

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Speaker 2: At night.

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Speaker 4: It might look scary, but to me, it kind of

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Speaker 4: looks beautiful. And there's leaves, trees, grass, birds, animals in

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Speaker 4: a river.

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Speaker 5: The path that we're walking on is this tunnel of

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Speaker 5: green forest. It's the kind of place where everything around

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Speaker 5: us looks and feels alive.

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Speaker 4: You're just did to see butterflies and birds.

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Speaker 6: What do you think it's like to be them.

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Speaker 2: Sad whore?

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Speaker 7: Because what if like they lose their family member, or

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Speaker 7: like what if their home gets chopped down because they

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Speaker 7: live in trees.

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Speaker 5: I spent this whole summer talking to young people, hearing

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Speaker 5: different versions of a similar painful story. Their sense of home,

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Speaker 5: of safety is getting taken away. It's like everyone forgot that.

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Speaker 5: Just outside the frame of the news report or the

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Speaker 5: ral video, there are children there and they're a part

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Speaker 5: of this story too.

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Speaker 7: Birds really need home, Like they make nests, and maybe

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Speaker 7: like in the nest there's their baby, and people just

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Speaker 7: like chopped down the trees or something.

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Speaker 4: So I feel bad for the babies. They just got

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Speaker 4: born and they could have seen the world and like

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Speaker 4: other stuff.

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Speaker 5: One hundred and eighty thousand people have been deported since

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Speaker 5: Trump took office in January, and countless more have been

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Speaker 5: taken to immigration detention camps, and this administration shows no

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Speaker 5: signs of slowing down its mass deportation campaign.

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Speaker 3: The quote Big Beautiful Bill.

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Speaker 5: That passed by Congress in July has allocated an extraordinary

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Speaker 5: seventy five billion dollars to ICE. That's more than the

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Speaker 5: entire military buzzy for almost every country in the world.

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Speaker 5: But still, in every conversation with kids, you can feel

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Speaker 5: them blossoming. They're discovering the world and asserting their place

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Speaker 5: within it. And if you listen closely, you can hear

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Speaker 5: them imagining a future that they are a part of

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Speaker 5: and inviting us all to help them build it.

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Speaker 4: If you could say, like a message to the world,

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Speaker 4: or would it be My message is to let it grow.

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Speaker 7: Don't chop off the trees, because you never know when

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Speaker 7: burn us are in there or birds are in there.

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Speaker 1: This episode was produced by Ariel Goodman. It was edited

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Speaker 1: by Seer Quevedo and Latino USA's managing editor Fernanda Echavarri.

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Speaker 1: It was mixed by Julia Caruso. Fact checking for this

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Speaker 1: episode by Rosanna Aguire. Our cover art was created by

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Speaker 1: Josse Ortis Pagan special thanks to Ramiro aguilad Villa Marin

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00:28:29,520 --> 00:28:33,600
Speaker 1: and Maria del Garmin. The Latino USA team also includes

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Speaker 1: Jessica Ellis, Renaldolanos Junior, Stephanie Lebau, Andrea Lopez Crusado, Luis

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00:28:40,240 --> 00:28:46,400
Speaker 1: Juna Frimar, Marquis, Julieta Martinelli, Monica Murles, Garcia, Adriana Rodriguez

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Speaker 1: and Nancy Trujuillo. Penille, Ramirez and I are co executive

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00:28:50,680 --> 00:28:54,560
Speaker 1: producers and I'm your host Magino Posa. Latino USA is

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Speaker 1: part of Iheart's Michael Dura podcast Network. Executive producers that

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Speaker 1: iHeart are The Gomez and Arlene Santana. Join us again

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Speaker 1: on our next episode, and in the meantime, I'll see

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Speaker 1: you on our social media. And remember, dear listener, if

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Speaker 1: will be so thankful you did it. A start Approximate Joe.

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Speaker 2: Latino USA is made possible in part by the Annie

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Speaker 2: Casey Foundation.

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00:29:32,920 --> 00:29:37,000
Speaker 7: Creates a brighter future for the nation's children by strengthening families,

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Speaker 7: building greater economic opportunity, and transforming communities. W. K.

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Speaker 3: Kellogg Foundation, a partner with communities where children come First,

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Speaker 3: and funding for Latino USA's coverage of a culture of

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Speaker 3: Health is made possible in part by a grant from

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Speaker 3: the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation