Speaker 1: Pushkin. When people find out I teach a class about happiness,
Speaker 1: they usually ask for the Cliffdnes version, what are my
Speaker 1: top ten tips or top five? Some people even go
Speaker 1: straight to the point, what's one thing I can change
Speaker 1: in order to be happier? When my Yale students ask
Speaker 1: me this, my answer is always the same. Get some sleep.
Speaker 1: Having a solid eight hours of shut eye is the
Speaker 1: foundation on which all the other happiness habits rest. If
Speaker 1: you're exhausted, you aren't going to make progress on any
Speaker 1: of the topics we tackle in this podcast. So that's
Speaker 1: the simple answer. Happiness requires sleep. The problem is that
Speaker 1: getting the right amount isn't always easy for me. There's
Speaker 1: always that one last email to send before bed, just
Speaker 1: to get it off my plate, But then another arrives,
Speaker 1: and another, and before I know it, hours have passed
Speaker 1: and the stresses of the day have just crept under
Speaker 1: the covers with me. In the final episode of our
Speaker 1: New Year mini season, I'm going to talk about sleep
Speaker 1: with one of my favorite experts on the subject. She's
Speaker 1: not a scientist, but she's experienced firsthand what it's like
Speaker 1: to live on the edge of exhaustion. In her book
Speaker 1: The Sleep Revolution, She explores how we got ourselves into
Speaker 1: this sleepless mess and what we can do to get
Speaker 1: out of it. I was so excited to chat with
Speaker 1: her about these sleep solutions that I decided to host
Speaker 1: our chat in front of a live studio audience at
Speaker 1: the wings Soho Space in New York. Who is the
Speaker 1: Sleep Girl. She is best selling author, calumnist, and founding
Speaker 1: CEO of the well being giant Thrive Global, Arianna Puffing Dood.
Speaker 1: So join me and Arianna in this finale episode of
Speaker 1: The Happiness Lab twenty twenty. So. I wanted to start
Speaker 1: at the beginning with your story, Arianna, because you learned
Speaker 1: about the power of sleep firsthand and with a pretty
Speaker 1: scary wakeup call. So I want to set the stage.
Speaker 1: So tell me what your life was like before that
Speaker 1: big wake up call. My life before my wake up call,
Speaker 1: which happened in two thousand and seven in the spring
Speaker 1: of two thousand and seven, was filled with sleep deprivation.
Speaker 1: I was a divorced mother of two teenage daughters and
Speaker 1: had founded The Huffington Post two years earlier, and I
Speaker 1: had bought into the collective delusion that in order to
Speaker 1: be super mom and super founder, I just had to
Speaker 1: burn out, and that was just the price you pay
Speaker 1: for success. But worse than that, if you had asked
Speaker 1: me that morning, how are your ian, I would have
Speaker 1: said fine. And that's one of the saddest things, because
Speaker 1: I had forgotten what it really is to be fine
Speaker 1: and what it is to be really recharged and fully
Speaker 1: engaged in your life. So I'd actually returned from doing
Speaker 1: him an early morning show on CNN and went to
Speaker 1: get a sweater because I was feeling cold and I
Speaker 1: felt like collapsed. I hit my head on my desk,
Speaker 1: broke my check bone. When you suddenly collapse, they don't
Speaker 1: know what's wrong with you. So you go from echo
Speaker 1: cardiogram to test for brain tumors, etc. Etc. And you know,
Speaker 1: doctor's waiting rooms are a great place to reflect on
Speaker 1: your life. And at the end of it, you know,
Speaker 1: literally after all these tests, I have this amazing kind
Speaker 1: of philosophical doctor who said to me, I have all
Speaker 1: the results, and what you have is civilizations disease burnout.
Speaker 1: And he said, I'm sorry to tell you that there
Speaker 1: is nothing the medical profession can do for you. You
Speaker 1: have to change the way you live, which was very
Speaker 1: profound because a lot of doctors still think there is
Speaker 1: a drug for every problem, or you can't sleep, or
Speaker 1: just a cambion. No, No, the problem is not that,
Speaker 1: The problem is that I don't prioritize it. So he
Speaker 1: actually took the time and had the wisdom to go deeper.
Speaker 1: Looking back, it was kind of a total gift. It
Speaker 1: stopped me. It got me reflecting on my life, on
Speaker 1: what I was doing, and because I'm a bit of
Speaker 1: a research nerd, it also got me looking at the
Speaker 1: fact that all around the world, hundreds of millions of
Speaker 1: people were burned out, that this was not an individual problem,
Speaker 1: it was a collective problem. So talk about some of
Speaker 1: the broad changes you made, and then specifically about sleep. Well,
Speaker 1: the first change I made, being always the editor, was
Speaker 1: to bring all this topic into the Huffington Post. So
Speaker 1: suddenly the Hvingdon Post, which was a political site, started
Speaker 1: covering sleep and we launched a dedicated sleep section in
Speaker 1: two thousand and seven. And I remember a conversation at
Speaker 1: the Huffington Post board with a lot of complaints from
Speaker 1: board members saying that they thought this was not serious,
Speaker 1: it was a trivial topic and why was the Havingdon
Speaker 1: Post covering it? It turned out to be actually the
Speaker 1: best thing that would have happened to the Huvington Post,
Speaker 1: because by the time I left in twenty sixteen, we
Speaker 1: had over sixty percent of our traffic coming from non
Speaker 1: political issues. In my personal life, I really began to
Speaker 1: prioritize sleep. We have been treating sleep or something negotiable,
Speaker 1: something optional, or worse, something that really dedicates that ambitious
Speaker 1: people didn't really have to give in too. You know,
Speaker 1: of course, we have all these sayings in our culture, right,
Speaker 1: I'll sleep when I'm dead. John bon Java used to
Speaker 1: live in my apartment building here in Saho, and I
Speaker 1: said to him one day, I would love you to
Speaker 1: redo this song, change the words to say I'll sleep
Speaker 1: when I'm tired. The other thing, of course, that science
Speaker 1: makes very clear is that you will be dead a
Speaker 1: lot faster. I remember going to dinner with a guy
Speaker 1: recently who bragged that he had only gotten for our
Speaker 1: sleep the night before, and I remember thinking, but not saying,
Speaker 1: you know what, if you had gotten five, this dinner
Speaker 1: would have been a lot more interesting. But I think
Speaker 1: the problem with this, I mean, the scary thing about
Speaker 1: this culture is that people believe it's a badge of honor.
Speaker 1: I mean, one of the problems with sleep is that
Speaker 1: we're not getting it, but another is that we believe
Speaker 1: it's okay, not in yet it And just to kind
Speaker 1: of get a sense of that, I just want to
Speaker 1: see the sleep crisis that we might be dealing within
Speaker 1: this room. So how many of you would say that
Speaker 1: you're not experiencing any form of sleep crisis, Like, in
Speaker 1: the last two months, you've never felt tired. Oh, it's
Speaker 1: pretty good, awesome, all right? So how many of you
Speaker 1: would say that in the last two months you've occasionally
Speaker 1: felt tired? Right? And how many of you are feeling
Speaker 1: like you self report being tired a lot. That's say,
Speaker 1: you're in the right place. Yeah, we're preaching to a
Speaker 1: choir a little bit, but we definitely got more clapping
Speaker 1: on the kind of crisis type. So, I mean, talk
Speaker 1: to me about the level of this crisis, Like, how
Speaker 1: bad is this right now? There is a scientific consensus
Speaker 1: that unless you have a genetic mutation, and about one
Speaker 1: and a half percent of the population does, the vast
Speaker 1: majority of us need seven to nine hours to become
Speaker 1: completely recharged. Where you are in the seven to nine
Speaker 1: hour spectrum is individual. I'm an eate our girl, and
Speaker 1: ninety five percent of the time I get it because
Speaker 1: I prioritize it. You may be a seven hour girl
Speaker 1: or boy, or a nine hour, but we're somewhere there
Speaker 1: if you're going to be fully recharged. The consequences of
Speaker 1: not getting enough sleep are so huge and monumental, you know,
Speaker 1: starting with our health, a greater likelihood of diabetes, of
Speaker 1: heart disease, of high stress levels of Alzheimer's. I mean
Speaker 1: that is like the latest amazing data on the connection
Speaker 1: between cognitive decline and sleep deprivation. It doesn't make any
Speaker 1: rational sense not to prioritize sleep. What's amazing is it's
Speaker 1: not just our physical health. In your book, you talk
Speaker 1: a lot about the mental health problems that come from
Speaker 1: not sleeping. Well, absolutely, and you know, there's such a
Speaker 1: clear connection between sleep deprivation and depression and anxiety, which
Speaker 1: is why I'm so excited about the movement to start
Speaker 1: school later, which is absolutely essential. Kids go to school
Speaker 1: exhausted that don't pay attention, they're classified as add they're
Speaker 1: put on medication, and it's that vicious cycle which is
Speaker 1: completely unnecessary if kids show up at school completely recharged.
Speaker 1: So where do you think this mistaken notion comes from, Like,
Speaker 1: how did we get so off track with this? I
Speaker 1: trace it back to the Industrial Revolution because it was
Speaker 1: during the Industrial Revolution when we started revering machines. And
Speaker 1: of course the goal with the machine is to minimize downtime.
Speaker 1: I met someone here from Salesforce and proudly proclaims that
Speaker 1: I have ninety nine point nine nine nine percent up time.
Speaker 1: That is fantastic for software, but for the human operating system,
Speaker 1: downtime is not a bug, it's a feature. And you know,
Speaker 1: if you go back to mythst of creation, you know,
Speaker 1: every myth of creation has God or Goddess creating the
Speaker 1: universe in six days and then taking the seventh day off.
Speaker 1: You know, clearly God is omniscient, omnipotant, omnipresent. She didn't
Speaker 1: need to talk the day off. She was sending us
Speaker 1: a message we are now just beginning to listen. It's
Speaker 1: the time off from our worldly pursuits, because there's something
Speaker 1: about surrendering to sleep in a sense every night, recognizing
Speaker 1: the mystery of life that we don't have answers to.
Speaker 1: Of course, we have huge traditions of prophetic dreams, but
Speaker 1: also dreams that simply work out through whatever it is
Speaker 1: that's unresolved from the day. So it's kind of a
Speaker 1: magical time, and when we acknowledge it that way, it's
Speaker 1: easy to surrender to it. But kind of thinking of
Speaker 1: ourselves like machines, we end up missing that magical time
Speaker 1: or not prioritizing it. I think the other key is
Speaker 1: just to you know, if you really believe the statistic.
Speaker 1: I mean, the one that's most compelling for my college
Speaker 1: students is this idea that you know, if you've been
Speaker 1: up for seventeen hours, you basically have a blood alcohol
Speaker 1: level that you shouldn't be driving, and like you wouldn't
Speaker 1: go to work like that, you wouldn't take care of
Speaker 1: your kids like that. Well, of course, you remember the
Speaker 1: tragic incident of a brilliant student after graduation whose boyfriend
Speaker 1: fell asleep behind the wheel and she died. There are
Speaker 1: many tragedies like that. I mean, that became a big
Speaker 1: story because she was brilliant. She had written a book
Speaker 1: which was published posthumously. But there are a lot of
Speaker 1: traffic incidents based on slip deprivation, a lot of injuries
Speaker 1: because of slip deprivation, and then also an enormous lack
Speaker 1: of compassion and empathy in the way we interact with
Speaker 1: people based on slip deprivation. Basically, just think of it
Speaker 1: that way. Look at yourself and you will recognize what
Speaker 1: I'm saying. When I'm sleep deprived, I'm the worst version
Speaker 1: of myself. I'm less empathetic, I'm less compassionate, I'm less creative,
Speaker 1: I'm more reactive. In fact, I was giving a speech
Speaker 1: at a Facebook conference and I told the engineers that
Speaker 1: that I want them to create a feature that would
Speaker 1: allow me to unfriend myself during those days because I
Speaker 1: don't really want to be around me, but I have
Speaker 1: no choice. And this is so real. It affects absolutely
Speaker 1: every aspect of how we show up. And I find
Speaker 1: the more you kind of look at life and reflect
Speaker 1: on life, the more important joy becomes. So I'm not
Speaker 1: a stage where I don't measure my life by how
Speaker 1: effective I am. I mean, I know I can be effective.
Speaker 1: It's like that's kind of table stakes, and I think
Speaker 1: most people know they can be effective. The question is
Speaker 1: can I also be joyful? Can I find joy in
Speaker 1: what I'm doing? And that's part of what makes us
Speaker 1: really love our work more and that's another thing that
Speaker 1: they can flip side of all the downsides of sleep
Speaker 1: are all the good sides of sleep that we forget
Speaker 1: that it increases joy. You also talk in the book
Speaker 1: about how getting enough sleep can be kind of like
Speaker 1: a stress shield. It's sort of like a sort of
Speaker 1: resilience performance enhancing drug. Absolutely, we know that the same
Speaker 1: I think and happen to ten people, and they all
Speaker 1: react differently. Someone may be completely overwhelmed and Brock and
Speaker 1: Bite and others can just find creative ways to deal
Speaker 1: with it, and if you're exhausted, it's less likely you'll
Speaker 1: be able to do that. So it seems like sleep
Speaker 1: really is a medical miracle. I hope everybody in the
Speaker 1: audience here and everybody who's listening at home is convinced
Speaker 1: of that. But the fact that sleep is a medical
Speaker 1: miracle kind of raises this question about how can we
Speaker 1: get more of it? And that is a question I'm
Speaker 1: going to pose to Ariana. Once we return from a
Speaker 1: quick break, the Happiness Lab will be right back. All right,
Speaker 1: welcome back. So we've just heard the sleep deprivation basically
Speaker 1: undermines pretty much everything we need to be happy. And
Speaker 1: if you just want one more statistic to drive this home.
Speaker 1: For every hour of sleep you lose. Your risk of
Speaker 1: psychological distress goes up fourteen percent for every single hour.
Speaker 1: So sleep is basically fantastic. We need to create more
Speaker 1: of it. But then that raises this cultural tension, which
Speaker 1: is even if I reflect for myself, I know the
Speaker 1: science about this really well. I mean, I've read your book,
Speaker 1: and you know, I teach you a course on this stuff.
Speaker 1: But when I have to, you know, shut Netflix off
Speaker 1: and go to bed, or put my phone away, or
Speaker 1: really shut off for the night and put it far
Speaker 1: away so I'm not tempted to check my email, I
Speaker 1: honestly still struggle with that. Like, there just is this
Speaker 1: tension between the benefits of sleep and this lifestyle where
Speaker 1: we're always connected. And that was one of the reasons
Speaker 1: I really wanted to talk to you, because you know,
Speaker 1: you're a super successful businesswoman, but you've managed to solve
Speaker 1: this tension, And so how have you been able to
Speaker 1: fought this? I guess how did you come up with
Speaker 1: the commitment to really fight this? The way to commit
Speaker 1: to it is to break it down into microsteps and
Speaker 1: pick your microsteps, stay with it and get an accountability body.
Speaker 1: If you want, you can keep each other honest about
Speaker 1: shutting off Netflix. Incidentally, Read Hastings, the CEO of Netflix,
Speaker 1: said that the main competitor of Netflix is sleep, so
Speaker 1: he knows exactly what's happening. And you know, the way
Speaker 1: of course we are hooked is the one episode ends
Speaker 1: and the other begins. So that's where a certain amount
Speaker 1: of ruthlessness comes in about priorities when you begin to
Speaker 1: see how much more you love your life when you're
Speaker 1: not sleep deprived. And I speak as someone who spent
Speaker 1: a large part of my life walking around like a zombie.
Speaker 1: I actually actively remember being in a board, mean eating
Speaker 1: and singing in the back of the room, a long
Speaker 1: table and thinking if I go and crawl under the table,
Speaker 1: will anybody notice? You know, that's how exhaust I was.
Speaker 1: And another way I knew and you would know if
Speaker 1: you're exhausted is the minute I would be in a
Speaker 1: darkened auditorium, a movie and an opera house whatever, I
Speaker 1: would be asleep, like literally it would take like a second,
Speaker 1: and that's not normal. So, Arianna, what are some of
Speaker 1: the chips that you've used to improve your sleep over time?
Speaker 1: One of the tools that I would love to sort
Speaker 1: of share with everyone here is a transition to sleep.
Speaker 1: Anybody here who is a parent knows that you have
Speaker 1: a transition to sleep with your baby. You know you
Speaker 1: sing it a lalla by give it a bath. My
Speaker 1: transition to sleep is thirty minutes, but you know, start
Speaker 1: with five. My transition is I always have a hot bath.
Speaker 1: I love baths. If you don't like baths, have a
Speaker 1: hot shower. The point is not cleanliness, it's a ritual.
Speaker 1: It's almost like washing the day away, kind of imagining
Speaker 1: the day being washed away with all the good and
Speaker 1: the bad. And now you are getting ready for sleep,
Speaker 1: the time to completely surrender and recharge. And then I
Speaker 1: actually love to rekindle the romance with sleep. So I
Speaker 1: love beautiful lingerie. If you don't like beautiful lingerie, you
Speaker 1: can wear a T shirt or nothing. But if you
Speaker 1: wear a T shirt, do not wear the same T
Speaker 1: shirt that you're going to wear to the gym the
Speaker 1: next day, because your body gets confusing messages are we
Speaker 1: going to the gym or are we going to sleep?
Speaker 1: So I have dedicated T shirts for sleep. Whatever it is,
Speaker 1: dedicated sleep well. And then once I get into bed,
Speaker 1: absolutely zero screens. I only read real books, and I
Speaker 1: read books that have nothing to do with work. I
Speaker 1: read novels, I read spiritual books, I read poetry, anything
Speaker 1: that helps me disconnect for my day, and I end
Speaker 1: my day with three things I'm grateful for. One of
Speaker 1: my favorite tips that you give in your book, though,
Speaker 1: and maybe the hardest tip I think for busy people,
Speaker 1: is this idea that if you're experiencing sleep deprivation, that
Speaker 1: might not be the only problem, Like your sleep deprivation
Speaker 1: might be assigned that there are other issues that you're
Speaker 1: not addressing. Absolutely. I mean it's like taking an inventory
Speaker 1: of your day and seeing what can you cut, and
Speaker 1: often it's things that are joyful and enjoyable, like watching
Speaker 1: a show you like or having a dinner with friends.
Speaker 1: It's like something has to give, and there are times
Speaker 1: when you know what it will be nice to go
Speaker 1: to dinner with friends, but I'm just going to have
Speaker 1: a hot bath and catch up on my sleep. And
Speaker 1: the more responsibilities you have a job, starting a business, children,
Speaker 1: the more imperative it is to be pretty relentless about
Speaker 1: what you are going to say no to. You cannot
Speaker 1: say yes to sleep without saying no to other things,
Speaker 1: and again, start small. You want to start with getting
Speaker 1: fifteen minutes more, you know, don't say I'm going to
Speaker 1: go to eight hours or seven hours. Just start very small.
Speaker 1: So you build that muscle, you begin to have more energy,
Speaker 1: you begin to see the impact it has, and that
Speaker 1: the impact it has, it becomes like a magnet. So
Speaker 1: I work a lot with college students and many of them,
Speaker 1: many of them will ask me, why can't I just
Speaker 1: not sleep now so I can sleep later once I'm successful?
Speaker 1: Like you, you know, what would you say to the
Speaker 1: college student who wants to do the grind right now
Speaker 1: and things they might prioritize sleep later. Well, thank you
Speaker 1: so much for asking that question, because it is based
Speaker 1: on a misconception about what leads to the greatest performance. So,
Speaker 1: if you are an entrepreneur, you are building a business,
Speaker 1: you want to show up the best version of yourself.
Speaker 1: Your business depends on the quality of your decisions. It
Speaker 1: doesn't depend on how many hours you are at your desk.
Speaker 1: And more than three quarters of startups fail. And somebody
Speaker 1: should do a study on the correlation between sleep deprived,
Speaker 1: exhausted entrepreneurs and the decisions they make that lead to
Speaker 1: the collapse of the companies. So there is no trade
Speaker 1: off between sleep and prioritizing our well being and our performance.
Speaker 1: On the contrary, the two things are completely interconnected. So
Speaker 1: we need to take sleep and well being out of
Speaker 1: the realm of nice to have later in life and
Speaker 1: recognize its integral to succeeding right now. When Jeff Bezos
Speaker 1: wrote on Thrive that he sleeps for eight hours because
Speaker 1: it improves his decision making, it went crazy viral. I mean,
Speaker 1: there are many more very successful people who get enough sleep,
Speaker 1: and I know that because they confess to me. But
Speaker 1: I remember when at a dinner Jeff Bezos said that
Speaker 1: to me, and I said to him, you must write
Speaker 1: about it. I think it will help so many people.
Speaker 1: He said, I'm a private man, I don't write about it.
Speaker 1: But I harassed him until he wrote about it, and
Speaker 1: then he actually loved it because it has such an impact.
Speaker 1: And that is what it's so interesting too, encouraging people
Speaker 1: to come out as good sleepers. I mean, this is
Speaker 1: the exciting thing. And kind of where I want to
Speaker 1: end is this question of are you optimistic? I mean,
Speaker 1: in your book you presented I think what shows that
Speaker 1: there's a real crisis here. But I think since your book,
Speaker 1: you have Jeff Bezos coming out as an eight hour
Speaker 1: a day sleeper, and so many people in this room
Speaker 1: who are excited to talk about sleep. Are you optimistic
Speaker 1: that things are changing even though the culture isn't perfect.
Speaker 1: I am extremely optimistic. I am optimistic for many reasons.
Speaker 1: I'm optimistic, first of all, because for many years who
Speaker 1: have really neglected this conversation, your cause was pretty instrumental
Speaker 1: in bringing that conversation back to the mainstream. And I
Speaker 1: feel like in any transition, you know, from the Dark
Speaker 1: Ages to the Renaissance, you are going to have multiple
Speaker 1: behaviors coexisting. So I'm sure you can have tons of
Speaker 1: examples from executives who are still bragging about how little
Speaker 1: sleep they got because they didn't get the memo. But
Speaker 1: you know, it's changing, and I think now there is
Speaker 1: a different listening. Like if you told your boss something
Speaker 1: about sleep, it wouldn't be seen as something eliant because
Speaker 1: the Wallstreet Journal very regularly cover sleep, and so does
Speaker 1: the Harvard Business Review, and my kids didn't entire study
Speaker 1: about the role of sleep in leadership, And when I
Speaker 1: first read it, I honestly thought it was an onion headline,
Speaker 1: you know, because it was like my Kinsey is actually
Speaker 1: recommending our sleep for leaders. But that's a sign of
Speaker 1: the times. But we can also learn from the animal kingdom.
Speaker 1: I know you've studied animals also as well as human beings,
Speaker 1: and my favorite sleep animal is the cheetah. The cheetah
Speaker 1: sleeps for eighteen hours and then she can accelerate going
Speaker 1: from zero to sixty miles in one minute. I don't
Speaker 1: recommend sleeping for eighteen hours, but it's almost like a
Speaker 1: metaphor that the fastest animal in existence sleeps for eighteen hours.
Speaker 1: So you could say, like the most amazing, productive and
Speaker 1: temperaneure or business leader is somebody who shows up fully recharged.
Speaker 1: And that's why I'm optimistic, fantastic. Well, I think of
Speaker 1: all the people who are starting this important conversation, I
Speaker 1: have a lot of gratitude for you for doing it
Speaker 1: so well and so eloquently, and so I want to
Speaker 1: end with giving a huge thank you to Arianna for
Speaker 1: all the amazing work she's doing and for sharing that
Speaker 1: work with this audience and all the folks who are
Speaker 1: listening on the podcast. Let's give a big round of
Speaker 1: applause to Arianna. So, Happiness Lab listeners, I hope we've
Speaker 1: convinced you to choose sleep, Cancel something you were planning
Speaker 1: to do tonight, and devote that time to not being awake.
Speaker 1: It'll pay back dividends. You'll be fresher to tackle the
Speaker 1: tasks in your waking life tomorrow, and you'll be happier.
Speaker 1: That's all for this New Year mini season. I hope
Speaker 1: it's been a helpful start to your new decade. It
Speaker 1: would be great if you could rate and review the
Speaker 1: show and spread the word to anyone you know who
Speaker 1: might like a few happiness tips. I'll be back with
Speaker 1: a new season of The Happiness Lab at the end
Speaker 1: of April. We have some great stories and fantastic guests,
Speaker 1: as well as the latest science on how to be happier.
Speaker 1: Until then, more can I say except sleep. The Happiness
Speaker 1: Lab is co written and produced by Ryan Dilley. The
Speaker 1: show was mastered by Evan Beola and our original music
Speaker 1: was composed by Zachary Silver. Special thanks to Ben Davis,
Speaker 1: Neil La Belle, Julia Barton, Carli Nigliori, Heather Faane, Maggie Taylor,
Speaker 1: Maya Kanig, and Jacob Weisberg. The Happiness Lab is brought
Speaker 1: to you by Pushkin Industries.