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Speaker 1: Hi, This is new due to the virus. I'm recording

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Speaker 1: from home, so you may notice a difference in audio

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Speaker 1: quality on this episode of news World. On May thirty,

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Speaker 1: spaces Falcon nine and Nasset launched a man's space mission.

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Speaker 1: The launch brought a new era of space exploration to

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Speaker 1: the space coast of Florida. This historic mission was the

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Speaker 1: first man launched from US soil since the conclusion of

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Speaker 1: the Space Shuttle program in two eleven, and the first

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Speaker 1: man commercial launch in history. The recent mission is the

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Speaker 1: first to illustrate that the future of space truck will

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Speaker 1: be driven by American innovation and entrepreneurship. However, the Chinese

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Speaker 1: are also heavily invested in space, with support and funding

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Speaker 1: by the Chinese Communist Party. We are beginning the next

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Speaker 1: great space race. It's the United States versus China in

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Speaker 1: a competition to be first to create systems for commercial

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Speaker 1: space travel, the first to establish outpost on the Moon,

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Speaker 1: and ultimately the first to colonize other planets. Never has

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Speaker 1: the time been more important to discuss the future of

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Speaker 1: space exploration and the importance of space as an infrastructure investment.

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Speaker 1: I'm pleased to welcome my guest Charles Miller, President and

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Speaker 1: owner of Next Gen Space Elosi. He provides consulting services

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Speaker 1: to NASA, DARPA, the US Air Force, and entrepreneurial companies

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Speaker 1: at the intersection of civil space, commercial space, and public policy.

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Speaker 1: He recently served as a member of the NASA Transition

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Speaker 1: team for President elect Donald Trump. Let me start if

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Speaker 1: I could chose what got you so involved in space?

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Speaker 1: You clearly have spent your entire career immersed to this

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Speaker 1: whole zone of how getting human beings out into space? Well, Nute,

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Speaker 1: I remember when I as a small child in northern California,

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Speaker 1: in a rural community, in my backyard staring up the

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Speaker 1: stars and I read science fiction, and I decided as

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Speaker 1: a young boy that I was going to go to space.

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Speaker 1: That's what I wanted to do. And I originally wanted

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Speaker 1: to be an astronaut, but I basically committed my life

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Speaker 1: to opening space to all people and getting life as

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Speaker 1: we know it off the planet and into the Solar System.

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Speaker 1: I love what I do. It's obviously hard, but I

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Speaker 1: like the challenge. If you're in the space frontier and

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Speaker 1: space technology and space business, what would you say is

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Speaker 1: the biggest change in space and in our whole approach

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Speaker 1: to space from the time you first got involved. Well,

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Speaker 1: the biggest change is the privatization of space, and we

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Speaker 1: are getting back to our roots of what makes America

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Speaker 1: great and that leveraging free enterprise. Apollo was amazing and wonderful,

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Speaker 1: but in some respects we learned the wrong lesson from Apollo.

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Speaker 1: It was a big government program to beat the Soviets,

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Speaker 1: and we thought because of Apollo that government could do anything,

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Speaker 1: and we actually learned the wrong lesson. Right after Apollo,

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Speaker 1: NASA returned to the roots of how government agencies operate.

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Speaker 1: It couldn't innovate in the seventies and eighties like we

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Speaker 1: anticipated it would, and it's taken decades. That's step by

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Speaker 1: step turning this huge ship that was focused on I

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Speaker 1: call it socialist space approach to much more free enterprise

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Speaker 1: and much more commercial partnerships like what made America the

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Speaker 1: world leader in aviation, and now we're finally getting back

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Speaker 1: to doing that in space. Why should we invest this

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Speaker 1: money resources in space. I think that's a critical question

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Speaker 1: because a lot of people don't understand why we're doing

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Speaker 1: stuff in space. The future of humanity is in doubt.

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Speaker 1: We're right now at this crossroads where we're either going

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Speaker 1: to have a future of humanity that's full of freedom

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Speaker 1: and justice and respect for individual rights, or it's going

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Speaker 1: to be a future dominated by tyranny. And the leading

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Speaker 1: formatrany on the planet right now is the Chinese Communist Party.

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Speaker 1: The Chinese think long term, and it's actually one of

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Speaker 1: their finest attributes, and we need to think long term

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Speaker 1: as well. And space actually is the critical lynchpin in

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Speaker 1: answering the question and whether the future is going to

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Speaker 1: be one of freedom or whether it's going to be

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Speaker 1: humanity living in chains. It's really interesting to me because

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Speaker 1: I'm sort of a child of Sputnik and the early

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Speaker 1: stages of Apollo, and for a very very long time

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Speaker 1: our primary competitor was a Soviet Union and then the

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Speaker 1: Russian Federation and a lot of ways now they're beginning

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Speaker 1: to be dramatically surpassed by the Chinese. How do you

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Speaker 1: view the Russian program right now? Well, Russia has got

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Speaker 1: a broad of brilliant engineers, but they're collapsing. They're in

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Speaker 1: a slow motion collapse. They haven't innovated in decades. The

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Speaker 1: best and brightest in Russia, which used to go into

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Speaker 1: their space program are going in. All these other industries

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Speaker 1: are leaving Russia if they can, and so they are

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Speaker 1: living on the results of the investments they made in

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Speaker 1: the seventies and eighties. They really haven't created anything fundamentally

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Speaker 1: new since the seventies and eighties. Russia isn't a threat

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Speaker 1: at all to us in space. It is China. Have

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Speaker 1: you been surprised at the momentum of the Chinese program?

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Speaker 1: Actually no, I always saw what China was doing with Huawei.

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Speaker 1: I saw what China did with taking over the entire

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Speaker 1: global leadership in the drone industry. Fifteen years ago. American

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Speaker 1: companies were the leader of communication technology industries, and Huawei

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Speaker 1: came out of nowhere to be the world leader in

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Speaker 1: five G. There's a reason for that. First of all,

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Speaker 1: they're very smart and very hard working, but they've got

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Speaker 1: huge subsidies from the Chinese government as well. Huawe is

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Speaker 1: part of their Grand National strategy. The same thing is

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Speaker 1: going to happen in space. It's starting to happen. They're

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Speaker 1: providing huge subsidies that Chinese commercial satellite companies. So the

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Speaker 1: same thing that's happened in Huawei that happened in the

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Speaker 1: solar industry that happened, the drone industry is starting now

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Speaker 1: in the commercial space industry, and about half of the

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Speaker 1: Chinese commercial space companies that have ever been formed have

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Speaker 1: been formed in the last five years. It's just a

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Speaker 1: huge amount of activity going on there. I think this

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Speaker 1: is a huge threat to US national security. If you

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Speaker 1: think long term, knew the future of space clearly is

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Speaker 1: I think everybody agree in the long term, and I

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Speaker 1: measured long term in centuries, is there's going to be

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Speaker 1: tens of billions of people in the long term living

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Speaker 1: off the planet. And we all know that the sources

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Speaker 1: are limited here on Earth, that space has virtually unlimited resources.

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Speaker 1: So in the long term, whoever dominates space is really

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Speaker 1: going to dominate the culture and the values of Earth

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Speaker 1: and be able to control Earth. What happens in the

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Speaker 1: next ten or twenty years of space will determine whether

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Speaker 1: it's American values that go out on the space frontier

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Speaker 1: or whether it's Chinese values. So we get to choose

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Speaker 1: whether the future of humanity is one of freedom and

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Speaker 1: opportunity and respect for the individual or the Chinese Common

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Speaker 1: Party values by what we do in space. So that's

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Speaker 1: really the choice and how would you describe the scale

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Speaker 1: on the momentum of their current program. Their rapidly increasing

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Speaker 1: investment in the commercial space sector. It's hard to see

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Speaker 1: all the stimulus and subsidies, but what we know is

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Speaker 1: they probably put more than a billion dollars into their

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Speaker 1: commercial space industry in the decade, but they've committed to

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Speaker 1: do much more. They've already passed us in space launch

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Speaker 1: even with the huge success of SpaceX. China has more

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Speaker 1: launches to orbit than we do. They're copying us and

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Speaker 1: stealing our technology. They have Chinese companies investing in US

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Speaker 1: commercial space companies try to steal their technology and all

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Speaker 1: kinds of tricks going on. They tried to steal Boeing's

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Speaker 1: satellite technology last year and got caught doing it through

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Speaker 1: a commercial space company. Right now, Chinese companies are trying

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Speaker 1: to buy the technology and the rights of One Web

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Speaker 1: in a bankruptcy. It's really scary new we might allow

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Speaker 1: them to do that. So they have both a human

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Speaker 1: flight project. They've talked about building a China space station

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Speaker 1: and the first people to land on the dark side

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Speaker 1: of the Moon. How do you assess their human space program.

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Speaker 1: They're basically learning from the Russians. They copied all the

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Speaker 1: Russians technology ten or twenty years ago because that was easy.

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Speaker 1: They're really more focused on resources, and I anticipate them

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Speaker 1: focus on dominating the resources of space because they see

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Speaker 1: that as the critical resources of the next hundred years. Again,

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Speaker 1: they think long term, they're going to have humans in

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Speaker 1: space very soon. They're already starting to work on reasonable

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Speaker 1: launch vehicle technology that companies like SpaceX and Blue Origin

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Speaker 1: are doing, so they're coming fast. I think whatever we do,

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Speaker 1: they're just going to copy us and go as fast

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Speaker 1: as they can. We're doing humans in space, and in

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Speaker 1: a few years we're going to see many more Chinese

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Speaker 1: and space. They're going to a space station, and as

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Speaker 1: you said, they're planning on putting humans on the Moon

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Speaker 1: on their very near future as well. Do we have

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Speaker 1: any idea how their China space station will compare with

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Speaker 1: the International Space Station. The Chinese space station will not

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Speaker 1: be as good as the International Space Station, but the

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Speaker 1: issue is we're not sure where we're going to do

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Speaker 1: after the International Space Station. There's some people just like

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Speaker 1: to deorbit it, and if that's the case, that the

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Speaker 1: Chinese space station will be the only space station in

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Speaker 1: the world now again, like we talked about the privazation

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Speaker 1: of human space flight, the next space station should be

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Speaker 1: privately owned and operated, and NASA should be a customer, right,

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Speaker 1: NASA and least space stations in orbit, and they can

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Speaker 1: be a good customer and focus on being the explorers.

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Speaker 1: They don't need to get into the real estate construction

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Speaker 1: and real estate owner business. They should be Lewis and Clark.

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Speaker 1: So that's the future. So we need to do that.

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Speaker 1: Otherwise China Space station will be the only game in

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Speaker 1: town in terms of investing resources. Would we be better

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Speaker 1: off to go ahead and have a RFP for a

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Speaker 1: competitive private sector development of a station on the model

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Speaker 1: you're describing, where they build it and we lease it,

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Speaker 1: or will be better off for the short run to

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Speaker 1: take those resources and refurbish and renew the International Space Station.

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Speaker 1: The future of the space station is to allow private

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Speaker 1: owned and operated companies to develop and test out a

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Speaker 1: space station while docked at the International Space Station. You

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Speaker 1: want to assemble your private space station there, test it

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Speaker 1: all out in orbit, make sure it's working, and then

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Speaker 1: you can let go and push away from the International

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Speaker 1: Space Station. You want NASSA to be a customer and say, hey,

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Speaker 1: we'll buy services in that commercial space station. But they

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Speaker 1: can help private industry figure out how to build space

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Speaker 1: stations too and transfer that knowledge to private industry. When

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Speaker 1: you look at how we've gone into space, how big

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Speaker 1: a deal is it to try to actually get to

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Speaker 1: the Moon and stay by the end of twenty twenty four.

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Speaker 1: I think it's really important to go to the Moon

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Speaker 1: in the right way and using commercial industry. The only

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Speaker 1: way to get back to the Moon really fast by

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Speaker 1: twenty twenty four is to leverage the speed of private industry.

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Speaker 1: I think it's critical. It actually forces NASA to do

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Speaker 1: things differently to go faster because they are unable to

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Speaker 1: go fast. Now. It is critical to go fast because

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Speaker 1: we have to change how we do things. And the

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Speaker 1: reason the Moon is important is it's the huge source

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Speaker 1: of resources for the long term development industrialization space. I

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Speaker 1: see in the next ten years we're going to have

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Speaker 1: a trillion dollar economy in space, and these leveraging commercial

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Speaker 1: reusable rockets that are like airplanes and the resources of space,

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Speaker 1: we're going to create millions of jobs here on Earth.

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Speaker 1: And the real question is whether those are going to

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Speaker 1: be American jobs or maybe they'll be Chinese jobs and

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Speaker 1: we get to choose. From your perspective, one of the

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Speaker 1: big things is the continued emphasis on these new entrepreneurial

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Speaker 1: companies like SpaceX of Blue Origin, and then the many

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Speaker 1: smaller companies that surround them. I remember Bob Walker and

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Speaker 1: I we're working on reusable rockets the lad eighties early nineties,

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Speaker 1: with NASA being very, very resistant. I live that same fight,

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Speaker 1: so it's a real thrill to watch these rockets come

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Speaker 1: back down and get to be reused. In your mind,

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Speaker 1: how big a breakthrough is that in our long term

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Speaker 1: capability to get access to space. If I was talking

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Speaker 1: to the President and I could only tell him one thing,

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Speaker 1: I would say, we need to double down on reusable

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Speaker 1: commercial launch vehicles. That if there is one strategic capability

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Speaker 1: and technology that we need to accelerate is what is

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Speaker 1: going on with commercial reusable launch vehicles. I think the

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Speaker 1: President gets it. He's talked about the two reusable boosters

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Speaker 1: that the Falcon Heavy had land at the same time

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Speaker 1: at the CAPE was just amazing. It totally changes her perspective.

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Speaker 1: We need to accelerate that. We should create a program

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Speaker 1: to accelerate commercial development of reusable launch vehicles, just like

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Speaker 1: we had the NACA working with private industry to accelerate

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Speaker 1: the development of commercial airplanes. Whoever owns those transportation systems

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Speaker 1: gets to control the space frontier in that context, Why

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Speaker 1: has the space launch system been so expensive and so

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Speaker 1: much longer to develop than the original contract? Well, the

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Speaker 1: space launch System was the jobs program, and I have

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Speaker 1: good friends who work on the space launch system. It's

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Speaker 1: a rocket to nowhere, but it's got very powerful political

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Speaker 1: patrons to protect the jobs where they are. We're spending

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Speaker 1: billions of dollars a year. There's going down a hole

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Speaker 1: that is never gonna produce any benefits. It's other than

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Speaker 1: the jobs for the future of humanity and space. Do

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Speaker 1: you expect it to ever fly? It might fly once,

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Speaker 1: and they might cancel it. If the President said we

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Speaker 1: should cancel the space lung so somewhere wasting the money,

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Speaker 1: it would go away. But until someone stands up and

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Speaker 1: says this is a total waste and we need to

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Speaker 1: spend the money on something that's much more effective, it'll

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Speaker 1: keep flying. The people working on it, they don't want

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Speaker 1: to launch it because they're worried to blow up and

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Speaker 1: they'll lose their jobs. They always have plenty of reasons

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Speaker 1: to never launch. They'll always come up with, well, they

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Speaker 1: need to work on this, right, and if your objective

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Speaker 1: is just to protect your job, it may never fly.

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Speaker 1: It just may keep working on it. At some point

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Speaker 1: that becomes almost an absurdity. Now worries me a little

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Speaker 1: bit because I think this first one will represent several

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Speaker 1: billion dollars of some costs. Imagine this new They built

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Speaker 1: the Saturn five launch vehicle from Kennedy declaring in sixty

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Speaker 1: one to first launched in nineteen sixty eight and seven years. Right,

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Speaker 1: they've been working on the Space launch system since two

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Speaker 1: thousand and five and they've been working on it for

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Speaker 1: fifteen years. They've spent upwards of almost thirty billion dollars

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Speaker 1: on it. Thirty billion dollars fifteen years, haven't launched once.

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Speaker 1: They brag that they're basically producing the Saturn five today

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Speaker 1: and it's about the same launch capability. But the Saturn

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Speaker 1: five launched a whole bunch of times, and it went

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Speaker 1: from sixty one to sixty eight with its first launch,

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Speaker 1: so there is no comparison. It's a similar technology. It's

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Speaker 1: forty years later. We should be able to be faster

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Speaker 1: than we did an Apollo. With the Saturn five, it's

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Speaker 1: twice the time and it hasn't launched once. And the

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Speaker 1: reason is it may never launch because, as I mentioned,

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Speaker 1: if the time it launches, maybe the time everybody loses

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Speaker 1: their job. Since it's a dramatically bigger rocket, is it

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Speaker 1: also dramatic be more complicated than the Falcon or the

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Speaker 1: Blue Origin. It's not dramatically bigger anymore. It's only slightly

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Speaker 1: bigger than the Falcon Heavy. They brag that they're using

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Speaker 1: Shuttle rocket engines and Shuttle boosters, and they're using the

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Speaker 1: same tooling they used for the Shuttle tank. If you're

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Speaker 1: going to brag about it should have been cheaper and

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Speaker 1: simpler and easier. Mike Griffin bragged about this was simpler

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Speaker 1: and cheaper and it was the best way to go.

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Speaker 1: And now it's fifteen years later and thirty billion dollars.

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Speaker 1: The model's wrong. Now we have proof the government doesn't

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Speaker 1: need to design and operate launch vehicles. And that's the

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Speaker 1: definitive proofpoint of SpaceX. You've got all the time the

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Speaker 1: government bureaucracy and its prime contractor have been piddling around,

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Speaker 1: you've had both SpaceX and Blue Origin every single year

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Speaker 1: making progress. And as I understand it, even if the

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Speaker 1: space launch or some launches those are not reusable, there's

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Speaker 1: some astonishing cost and the rockets and engines alone every

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Speaker 1: time you launch them. So the marginal cost of just

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Speaker 1: part of the cells launch is over a billion dollars

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Speaker 1: a year. If you take all the overhead that is

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Speaker 1: applied to the rocket pads and the NASA centers, the

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Speaker 1: fixed costs of all the labor that's working on SLS.

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Speaker 1: The estimates that the cost of a single SLS launch

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Speaker 1: is two to three billion dollars. It's just atrocious. So

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Speaker 1: you can buy a Falcon Heavy, which is almost as

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Speaker 1: capable as the SLS, for ninety million dollars commercial, buy

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Speaker 1: two Falcon heavies one hundred and eighty million dollars, and

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Speaker 1: you have more launch capability than the SLS. What's the

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Speaker 1: good deal two to three billion or one hundred and

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Speaker 1: eighty million, Right, It's just obvious to anybody who looks

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Speaker 1: at this what the US government should do. When you

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Speaker 1: look at the emerging reusonable systems Virgin Galactic, it's sends

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Speaker 1: to me is kind of right at the margin. It's

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Speaker 1: not quite a space system, and that it tempts to

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Speaker 1: currently be planning to do subspace, but it's doing a

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Speaker 1: lot of things that will begin to create a market.

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Speaker 1: What's your reaction to things like Virgin Galactic. I think

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Speaker 1: Virgin is a great incremental step to allow many more

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Speaker 1: people to experience space. That plan for going up in

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Speaker 1: the Virgin rockets go up for three to five minutes

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Speaker 1: to be able to see the courage to the Earth,

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Speaker 1: be above the atmosphere, be able to look down on

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Speaker 1: the Earth and experience weightlessness. So I think it's an

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Speaker 1: amazing capability that will allow people to be part of

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Speaker 1: what's going on in space because they can't afford to

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Speaker 1: take a ride to orbit. There's millions of people can

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Speaker 1: afford her Virgin collecton, So I think it's a great start.

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Speaker 1: The Virgin people talk about they want to take the

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Speaker 1: next step to build reusable space planes to chase after

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Speaker 1: Jeff Bezos at Blue Origin and Elon at SpaceX, and

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Speaker 1: I fully support them doing that. Now I'm not familiar

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Speaker 1: with Vulcan aerospace, but is it also developing? So Vulcan

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Speaker 1: is developing the world's biggest airplane, but has recently got

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Speaker 1: out of the business. Paul Allen was the owner of

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Speaker 1: Vulcan Aerospace and he died a few years ago, but

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Speaker 1: he was planning on challenging Jeff Bezos and Elon Musk

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Speaker 1: and Richard Branson with building out reusable launch vehicle as well.

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Speaker 1: That's treasury. I didn't know whether not his airs were

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Speaker 1: going to sustain that. So let me ask briefly about

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Speaker 1: the Moon and Mars. In your estimate, how plausible is

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Speaker 1: it that we can actually land as the beginning of

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Speaker 1: permanent planning by the end of twenty twenty four. It's

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Speaker 1: plausible if we're willing to take risks. If we're a

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Speaker 1: conservative and or risk averse, we won't get there. The

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Speaker 1: Nasso of our fathers that took us to the moon.

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Speaker 1: We're willing to take risks. I am worried right now.

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Speaker 1: One of the huge battles going on in the agency

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Speaker 1: is those who are willing to take more risk, go faster,

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Speaker 1: and those who are much more risk averse, the engineers

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Speaker 1: that grew up in the Shuttle program. And we should

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Speaker 1: choose one way or the other. And if we're willing

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Speaker 1: to take risks, then we can do it. SpaceX took

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Speaker 1: eighteen years to build a human launcher to orbit. But

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Speaker 1: they could have gone much faster if they've been allowed

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Speaker 1: to take more risk. They could have done it in

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Speaker 1: twenty twelve or twenty fourteen if we done a different approach,

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Speaker 1: Because you know these US was trying to build this,

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Speaker 1: see the bigger rocket that is supposed to albably be

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Speaker 1: able to go to Mars, and it blew up the

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Speaker 1: day before the Falcon nine took the two astronauts to space.

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Speaker 1: I saw a video of it. Apparently quite an impressive explosion.

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Speaker 1: If I were Musket, I had been a little concern

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Speaker 1: that night. But I think he has a pretty good

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Speaker 1: engineer's sense of this is how you make progress. The

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Speaker 1: reason that he's the world leader in space launch right

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Speaker 1: now is because he's willing to take risks and blow

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Speaker 1: up rockets. They have developed the culture and SpaceX is

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Speaker 1: if you're not blowing up rockets, you're not learning anything.

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Speaker 1: And in fact, that is the origin of the American

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Speaker 1: space program. The Atlas launch vehicle. The first eleven times

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Speaker 1: it launched, it blew up. But they didn't cancel the program.

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Speaker 1: They didn't slow it down. They were launching every month

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Speaker 1: or two. They were launching a new rocket. And the

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Speaker 1: reason is it was critically important because the Atlas became

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Speaker 1: an intercontinental ballistic missile and defended America, and they had

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Speaker 1: to go fast. And the way you go fast is

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Speaker 1: you don't wait until everything it's perfect on paper and

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Speaker 1: all designed out. That takes years or decades. You learn

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Speaker 1: faster by actually launching something and learning what breaks and

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Speaker 1: what doesn't. And so I really respect the SpaceX team

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Speaker 1: by their willingness to right in front of the world

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Speaker 1: blow up rockets. From your perspective, there's landing on the

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Speaker 1: Moon and staying a major turning point if we can

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Speaker 1: pull it off. The reason we go to the Moon

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Speaker 1: has to be right. We need to go back to

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Speaker 1: the Moon to industrialize the Moon. We need the large

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Speaker 1: scale industrialization of space. If we go back to the

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Speaker 1: Moon with the purposes we're going to mine and develop

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Speaker 1: the resources of the Moon for the water for the fuel.

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Speaker 1: Between having reusable launch vehicles and mining the water on

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Speaker 1: the Moon for rocket propellant, we can go anywhere in

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Speaker 1: the Solar System cheaply. That has to be the primary

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Speaker 1: driver of why we go to the Moon. And if

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Speaker 1: you do that, if you mine the services the Moon

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Speaker 1: and you have reusable launch vehicle, it's easy to go

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Speaker 1: back to the Moon and stay. If you do it

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Speaker 1: that way, we can stay there much more affordably, and

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Speaker 1: it becomes a virtuous cycle. And then from there you

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Speaker 1: will go out to Mars into the asteroids. We should

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Speaker 1: make it easy to go to Mars because we mine

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Speaker 1: the resources the Moon and have reusable launch vehicles, and

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Speaker 1: it's easy to go to Mars. And then that's when

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Speaker 1: you win. Right, you can go everywhere in the Solar

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Speaker 1: System affordably. And if we're going to go to Mars,

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Speaker 1: don't we almost have to have some kind of nuclear

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Speaker 1: engine so that you can cut the travel time dramatically. Well,

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Speaker 1: a nuclear engine is not required. It's a major incremental improvement.

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Speaker 1: The first step is mining the resources the Moon to

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Speaker 1: use propellant to use the rocket to go to Mars,

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Speaker 1: and the next step is to upgrade that to nuclear

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Speaker 1: to go faster. If we're going to do a serious

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Speaker 1: infrastructure bill ten, how to be set aside for space.

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Speaker 1: Space is such a big part of our future that

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Speaker 1: you have to get in the habit of thinking space

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Speaker 1: is being equal to your railroads or your ports, or

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Speaker 1: your highways or your airports, as something you want to

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Speaker 1: invest in over and over again so that you build

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Speaker 1: really serious infrastructure. Does that concept make sense to you?

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Speaker 1: I support the overall concept. As you stated, I personally

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Speaker 1: would not know how to spend ten percent. I would

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Speaker 1: be worried it's too much money. If you're a government agency,

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Speaker 1: if you give them too much money, they'll spend a

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Speaker 1: lot of it in a wasteful way, So I worry

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Speaker 1: about that. You have to spend the money in effective

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Speaker 1: ways so you get the result. I would just add

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Speaker 1: that you need to make them do it in the

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Speaker 1: right way. That's just as important, because you could spend

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Speaker 1: one hundred billion dollars on space infrastructure and it could

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Speaker 1: be more. SLS is right. You don't want that the ends.

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Speaker 1: How you spend it is equally important. If there's public

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Speaker 1: private partnerships, it needs to be privately owned and operating infrastructure.

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Speaker 1: In that case, I think spending ten percent of the

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Speaker 1: infrastructure bill on space makes total sense, assuming you could

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Speaker 1: find a way to do it that's effective. Are there

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Speaker 1: enough things over the next ten to fifteen years that

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Speaker 1: could usefully be built and developed that that kind of

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Speaker 1: money would be a rational investment. First of all, one

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Speaker 1: of the biggest things going on in the space industry

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Speaker 1: right now is communication satellites. There's a revolution going on

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Speaker 1: in big constellations of communication satellites, and whoever owns that

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Speaker 1: industry gets to dominate global communications for the next hundred years.

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Speaker 1: And if it's China, we all know what China would

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Speaker 1: do if they control global communications, and they would use

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Speaker 1: it to listen in on you, they would use it

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00:26:58,080 --> 00:27:00,719
Speaker 1: to control they would turn the communication off if they

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00:27:00,720 --> 00:27:04,200
Speaker 1: didn't like you. First as or usable launch vehicles, because

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00:27:04,240 --> 00:27:07,840
Speaker 1: they allow you to build these big commercial constellations with

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Speaker 1: tens of thousands of satellites, and next would be stimulating

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00:27:12,840 --> 00:27:15,960
Speaker 1: these big constellations, and then would be the resources of

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Speaker 1: the Moon. So between those, if you could take that

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00:27:18,320 --> 00:27:21,520
Speaker 1: ten percent infrastructure bill and you could put it in

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00:27:21,640 --> 00:27:24,159
Speaker 1: some type of fund that's invested over a decade and

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00:27:24,240 --> 00:27:28,760
Speaker 1: it's invested in commercial space infrastructure, I think it would

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00:27:28,800 --> 00:27:32,679
Speaker 1: be a wonderful investment. I actually think that a space

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00:27:32,760 --> 00:27:37,160
Speaker 1: authority should be how we develop the Moon and leverage

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00:27:37,240 --> 00:27:40,239
Speaker 1: using a space authority like an airport authority. So if

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00:27:40,280 --> 00:27:42,760
Speaker 1: you took some of that space infrastructure fund and you

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00:27:42,880 --> 00:27:46,280
Speaker 1: gave it to an authority to develop the resources that

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00:27:46,359 --> 00:27:52,040
Speaker 1: would be much more promising approach. Well, thank you newt

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Speaker 1: Thank you to my guests Charles Mother. You can read

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Speaker 1: more about the new space rates Us versus China on

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Speaker 1: our show page at newtsworld dot com. News World is

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00:28:05,480 --> 00:28:10,280
Speaker 1: produced by gingwishwe sixty an iHeartMedia. Our executive producer is

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Speaker 1: Debbie Myers and our producer is Gornsey Sloan. The artwork

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Speaker 1: for the show was created by Steve Pennell. Special thanks

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Speaker 1: to the team at Gingwich three sixty. Please email me

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Speaker 1: with your questions that Ginglish three sixty dot com slash questions.

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Speaker 1: I'll answer them in future episodes. If you've been enjoying

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Speaker 1: the next episode of news World, how do we reform

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Speaker 1: the American healthcare system? Moving from sickcare to healthcare? My

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00:28:48,760 --> 00:28:52,840
Speaker 1: guest is doctor Marty MacKaye of Johns Hopkins. He is

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Speaker 1: the author of The Price We Pay, What Broke American

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Speaker 1: Healthcare and How to Fix It. I'm new Gingwich. This

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