WEBVTT - Selects: How Space Stations Work 0:00:01.120 --> 0:00:04.920 Hello friends, this is Josh with this week's select Our 0:00:05.040 --> 0:00:08.760 June twenty sixteen episode on Space Stations. I like to 0:00:08.800 --> 0:00:11.719 think of it as a far out look at living 0:00:11.760 --> 0:00:14.320 in space. I hope you enjoy it thoroughly. 0:00:18.880 --> 0:00:25.160 Welcome to Stuff You Should Know, a production of iHeartRadio. 0:00:28.400 --> 0:00:30.920 Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark with 0:00:31.040 --> 0:00:34.720 Charles W. Chuck Bryant, and Jerry. This is Stuff you 0:00:34.760 --> 0:00:35.120 should Know. 0:00:36.920 --> 0:00:41.200 Okay, you sounded like Steve Rule. We were just talking 0:00:41.400 --> 0:00:45.960 about Steve Rule, and that was very Brulesque, brew Esque, 0:00:46.520 --> 0:00:47.240 not burlesque. 0:00:47.280 --> 0:00:50.320 All right, brewlesu brew Less. You're saying you should do 0:00:50.360 --> 0:00:51.560 a movie. I'm surprised you have. 0:00:51.720 --> 0:00:55.120 I could watch a continuous loop of brules Rules over 0:00:55.360 --> 0:00:57.920 and over and over. Yeah, and people thought, you don't 0:00:57.920 --> 0:00:59.800 be Dune was an homage to that, which. 0:01:00.240 --> 0:01:03.160 Or omasure a ripoff, depending on who's well it was. 0:01:03.200 --> 0:01:06.320 It was neither, but it it was reminiscent of it 0:01:06.360 --> 0:01:08.319 in good ways. But I don't think that that meant 0:01:08.319 --> 0:01:10.520 it ripped it off, or that you were paying tribute to. 0:01:10.560 --> 0:01:13.200 It's definitely not intentional. It was just, you know, two 0:01:13.240 --> 0:01:14.399 great sidental. 0:01:14.000 --> 0:01:15.360 Two great things that go great together. 0:01:15.520 --> 0:01:17.600 Sure, why can't there be both. 0:01:17.400 --> 0:01:18.759 Like Reese's cups. 0:01:19.120 --> 0:01:21.760 Yeah, they go great with kit cats. 0:01:22.480 --> 0:01:25.960 Oh man, they'd be good. Sure, just take two full 0:01:26.040 --> 0:01:28.000 kit cats and put two Reese's cups in the middle 0:01:28.040 --> 0:01:28.640 like a sandwich. 0:01:28.680 --> 0:01:32.280 Uh huh. I think you just came up with something 0:01:32.600 --> 0:01:36.880 the news more the rec cat chuckers. 0:01:37.080 --> 0:01:37.360 Yes. 0:01:37.680 --> 0:01:41.319 Have you ever looked to the sky at night, seen 0:01:41.360 --> 0:01:46.360 some stars flying by and thought, why don't we live 0:01:46.440 --> 0:01:49.120 up there? Uh? Sure? 0:01:49.200 --> 0:01:51.680 Have you ever seen the ISS cruising? 0:01:52.120 --> 0:01:55.480 No? I used to. Apparently you can. I used, Yes, 0:01:55.600 --> 0:01:58.200 I used to get either text or emails. I can't 0:01:58.240 --> 0:02:01.720 remember that. Would you just put it in your zip 0:02:01.760 --> 0:02:07.280 code and it sends you texts alerts when the ISS 0:02:07.360 --> 0:02:08.680 is going to be flying overhead. 0:02:09.000 --> 0:02:10.079 I thought you were going to say one of the 0:02:10.520 --> 0:02:13.519 lead astronauts would just text you be like, Josh, lo up, 0:02:13.760 --> 0:02:16.200 what are you doing? We're over your house right now. 0:02:16.400 --> 0:02:18.840 But I mean, basically it's not from the astronaut, but 0:02:18.880 --> 0:02:21.760 it's the same thing. It's saying, like, look up in 0:02:21.800 --> 0:02:24.200 this direction at this time, and you'll you should be 0:02:24.200 --> 0:02:26.760 able to see the ISS pretty neat. Yeah. I don't 0:02:26.800 --> 0:02:29.560 think we actually ever went out and looked at it, 0:02:29.600 --> 0:02:31.160 because it was always at like three in the morning 0:02:31.240 --> 0:02:31.960 or something like that. 0:02:32.360 --> 0:02:36.160 Yeah, this really like thrills me to no end. Once 0:02:36.200 --> 0:02:39.080 I started looking into this, like I never paid a 0:02:39.080 --> 0:02:41.040 lot of attention, and it really just dawned on me, 0:02:41.240 --> 0:02:44.119 Like people are living in outer space. 0:02:43.960 --> 0:02:48.160 Continuous full time. The International Space Station has been continuously 0:02:48.200 --> 0:02:50.480 inhabited since it was launched in nineteen ninety eight. 0:02:50.560 --> 0:02:56.120 Yeah. In fact, they just took their one hundred thousandth 0:02:56.280 --> 0:02:58.960 orbit of Earth. That's really neat in May of this year. 0:03:00.240 --> 0:03:02.320 Expedition forty seven began in March. 0:03:02.520 --> 0:03:05.280 That's so cool, man, And like we just it's like 0:03:05.320 --> 0:03:08.480 you were saying, you don't really stop and think about it, 0:03:08.520 --> 0:03:11.800 but we're living in space now. Yeah, humanity is extended 0:03:11.800 --> 0:03:15.359 at least into Earth's orbit, right, that's where we're living. 0:03:17.480 --> 0:03:20.200 And we just kind of seemed to take that for granted. 0:03:20.520 --> 0:03:23.080 But that wasn't always the case as actually, And I 0:03:23.080 --> 0:03:24.680 think the reason why we do kind of take it 0:03:24.680 --> 0:03:28.239 for granted is because the conception of living in space 0:03:28.280 --> 0:03:32.000 that we're at right now is remedial compared to where 0:03:32.080 --> 0:03:35.000 everyone expected it to be in like the mid seventies. Yeah, 0:03:35.000 --> 0:03:38.160 when the idea of space colonization was at its peak. Yeah, 0:03:38.200 --> 0:03:42.120 I mean NASA Ames Research Center was conducting summer studies 0:03:42.200 --> 0:03:44.200 is what they were called, where they would just get 0:03:44.200 --> 0:03:48.000 the public really jazzed about living in space. And the 0:03:48.040 --> 0:03:50.000 best you can say, or the least you can say, 0:03:50.040 --> 0:03:55.480 is that it bore some pretty awesome artists renderings what 0:03:55.560 --> 0:03:56.680 space colonies will look like. 0:03:56.760 --> 0:03:59.200 Yeah, it seemed like every other issue of Popular Science 0:03:59.320 --> 0:04:03.960 was just some cool new picture of like, you know, 0:04:04.200 --> 0:04:05.520 one day we're going to be living out. 0:04:05.360 --> 0:04:08.240 Here, right exactly, but the one day seemed a lot 0:04:08.400 --> 0:04:10.360 closer than it does now, right. 0:04:10.440 --> 0:04:10.640 Yeah. 0:04:11.400 --> 0:04:14.200 But at the most you can say that that space 0:04:14.280 --> 0:04:17.640 calony fever that was going on in the seventies definitely 0:04:17.720 --> 0:04:20.800 laid the groundwork paved the way for where we are now, 0:04:20.920 --> 0:04:23.919 which is living in space. We just don't have like 0:04:25.160 --> 0:04:30.440 Stanley Kubrick esque space hotels that are big rotating wheels 0:04:30.440 --> 0:04:32.800 at the moment. Doesn't mean we're not going to, yeh. 0:04:32.920 --> 0:04:35.280 It just didn't happen as fast as everybody thought it 0:04:35.320 --> 0:04:37.719 was going to. And I was trying to figure out why, 0:04:38.160 --> 0:04:41.720 and apparently it's because of the Shuttle program. Like this 0:04:41.920 --> 0:04:45.359 space colony fever was based on the idea that launching 0:04:45.400 --> 0:04:48.279 the Space Shuttle was going to be way cheaper than 0:04:48.400 --> 0:04:51.080 launching any of the rockets had been previously. That didn't 0:04:51.120 --> 0:04:52.760 pan out to be the case. Yeah, And that there 0:04:52.760 --> 0:04:54.800 would be something like like it. 0:04:54.760 --> 0:04:56.320 Was going to be like a space taxi. I remember 0:04:56.360 --> 0:04:58.040 those words, sixty. 0:04:58.200 --> 0:05:01.880 Like at least sixty launches a year, which didn't pan 0:05:01.920 --> 0:05:04.200 out to be the case either. But they thought that, yeah, 0:05:04.200 --> 0:05:05.880 it was just we're gonna be going back and forth 0:05:05.920 --> 0:05:08.159 to space for like next to nothing all the time, 0:05:08.440 --> 0:05:11.080 and that we would be colonizing space pretty quickly. That 0:05:11.120 --> 0:05:15.000 didn't pan out. The Space Shuttle program didn't pan out 0:05:15.000 --> 0:05:18.640 to be that as cheap or as frequent, and so 0:05:18.880 --> 0:05:21.520 this dream of space colony or this enthusiasm for space 0:05:21.560 --> 0:05:25.960 colonization was kind of lost. But luckily it wasn't lost 0:05:26.000 --> 0:05:28.400 by the actual engineers who were in charge of putting 0:05:28.480 --> 0:05:31.440 people in space and figuring out how to live in space. 0:05:31.920 --> 0:05:35.400 And that whole idea is probably still coming. It's just 0:05:35.839 --> 0:05:37.200 a little further down the road. 0:05:37.560 --> 0:05:37.800 Yeah. 0:05:37.800 --> 0:05:41.640 And there are many, many, many, hundreds and hundreds of 0:05:41.640 --> 0:05:44.120 people that helped make this reality over the years, but 0:05:44.640 --> 0:05:45.960 a lot of this can be laid at the feet 0:05:45.960 --> 0:05:50.039 of mister Verna von Braun, who was the architect of 0:05:50.040 --> 0:05:54.200 the US space program, and he was the big champion 0:05:54.240 --> 0:05:58.840 of space stations early on, like in a real viable way. 0:05:59.120 --> 0:06:01.040 Well, he was like the Carl Sagan of his day. 0:06:01.120 --> 0:06:04.400 He realized that he had a quote he said that 0:06:04.440 --> 0:06:07.440 we can publish scientific papers and treatises till hell freeze 0:06:07.520 --> 0:06:09.400 is over, but if we don't get the attention of 0:06:09.440 --> 0:06:11.640 the taxpayer, we're going We're not going anywhere. 0:06:11.640 --> 0:06:13.320 And how do you do that? You start putting people 0:06:13.360 --> 0:06:16.080 on the moon and start building space stations. 0:06:16.080 --> 0:06:19.240 Well, even more basic than that, he started he wrote 0:06:19.520 --> 0:06:23.040 like popular articles and popular magazines to get the public's 0:06:23.080 --> 0:06:25.240 imagination prime for that kind of thing. 0:06:25.600 --> 0:06:28.280 Yeah, And his idea was it was not just like hey, 0:06:28.320 --> 0:06:30.560 look at a neat thing we can do. It's you know, 0:06:30.920 --> 0:06:33.880 you have an Antarctic outpost. You have back in the 0:06:33.880 --> 0:06:35.960 old days, he had an out west outpost. He was like, 0:06:36.320 --> 0:06:39.080 we need an outpost. We need a place where people 0:06:39.120 --> 0:06:42.400 can live and work and as their base station. 0:06:42.720 --> 0:06:45.840 Essentially, sure, space is a frontier, but you watch a 0:06:45.880 --> 0:06:46.920 star trek knows. 0:06:46.720 --> 0:06:49.880 That the final frontier, right, Well, that's. 0:06:49.720 --> 0:06:52.440 What we think, That's what we thought back then. I'm 0:06:52.480 --> 0:06:56.400 sure there's other frontiers, new dimensions to explore. Sure, that 0:06:56.560 --> 0:06:57.000 kind of thing. 0:06:57.160 --> 0:07:03.680 Right, Well, let's just talk about why. What are some 0:07:03.680 --> 0:07:07.600 of the reasons we should do this. You mentioned just 0:07:07.720 --> 0:07:10.320 capturing the public, and it certainly would do a lot 0:07:10.320 --> 0:07:15.600 to rally people around spending funds on you know, space travel, 0:07:15.720 --> 0:07:18.560 NASA allocating funds towards this kind of. 0:07:18.480 --> 0:07:21.200 Thing, right, you mean space tourism. 0:07:21.600 --> 0:07:24.760 No, no, no, not space tourism. But just initially, you know, 0:07:24.960 --> 0:07:29.640 they needed the support of the popular American opinion. 0:07:29.320 --> 0:07:31.640 Right, which is why Von Brown said, I'm going to 0:07:31.840 --> 0:07:35.440 like reach out to the public directly through Colliers magazine. 0:07:35.520 --> 0:07:37.600 He did a three part he hosted a three part 0:07:37.720 --> 0:07:41.520 show on like the Wonderful World of Disney about living 0:07:41.560 --> 0:07:44.880 in space, and we really got people jazzed about this 0:07:44.920 --> 0:07:47.080 back in the fifties. Yeah, then it peaked again in 0:07:47.120 --> 0:07:48.800 the seventies, Like I was saying. 0:07:48.680 --> 0:07:50.480 Yeah, but one of the big reasons that you would 0:07:50.520 --> 0:07:54.120 want to have a working space station is, aside from 0:07:54.120 --> 0:07:58.040 the convenience of you know, having it up there and 0:07:58.040 --> 0:07:59.480 not having to go back and forth every time you 0:07:59.520 --> 0:08:02.760 want to do so, right, is things are different up 0:08:02.800 --> 0:08:05.680 there and you can do different things without gravity. That 0:08:05.720 --> 0:08:09.240 you can't do here on Earth, like research, Yeah, like 0:08:09.360 --> 0:08:10.239 remarkable things. 0:08:10.360 --> 0:08:13.160 So it turns out gravity has a weird effect on 0:08:13.240 --> 0:08:17.000 crystals and the way they form flaws them like inevitably. 0:08:18.080 --> 0:08:20.760 But if you're out there in microgravity, there are far 0:08:20.840 --> 0:08:24.480 fewer flaws, and the crystals tend to form more perfectly. 0:08:25.080 --> 0:08:27.760 So you can do things like make really good semiconductors, 0:08:27.840 --> 0:08:33.120 right for microchips. Sure, you can also crystallize drugs better 0:08:33.640 --> 0:08:37.200 to make them more potent. You can really knock your 0:08:37.240 --> 0:08:37.760 socks off. 0:08:37.800 --> 0:08:40.400 So research up there that can make things better here, 0:08:41.520 --> 0:08:42.600 right a point. 0:08:42.679 --> 0:08:44.960 Not just research, but figure out how to do it there, 0:08:45.320 --> 0:08:49.439 and then build on that by building a manufacturing facility 0:08:49.679 --> 0:08:52.240 for semiconductors out in space. Yeah, man, and then bring 0:08:52.320 --> 0:08:54.800 them back to Earth and be like, watch how fast 0:08:54.840 --> 0:08:55.600 this baby ghess. 0:08:56.880 --> 0:09:00.800 Another thing that no gravity or micro gravity does is 0:09:00.800 --> 0:09:05.000 it makes flames, you know, flames here on Earth with 0:09:05.080 --> 0:09:08.680 our stupid gravity pulling it in every direction, makes a 0:09:08.679 --> 0:09:12.840 flame very unsteady and unpredictable, makes studying combustion more difficult. 0:09:12.920 --> 0:09:14.320 Remember when we talked about fire. 0:09:14.559 --> 0:09:17.440 Yeah, fire in space is very consistent and perfect. 0:09:17.520 --> 0:09:19.360 It's around. Yeah, it's so cool. 0:09:19.480 --> 0:09:23.000 So you could you could potentially with h with a 0:09:23.040 --> 0:09:26.439 perfect flame like that, then perfect flame that's got to 0:09:26.440 --> 0:09:26.880 be a song. 0:09:27.960 --> 0:09:29.360 Eternal flame is what you're thinking of. 0:09:29.960 --> 0:09:33.760 No, I'm saying perfect flaim Now you're thinking of eternal flame. 0:09:36.440 --> 0:09:41.439 Such a josh ism. That's one of my favorites. Microgravity, though, 0:09:41.440 --> 0:09:44.040 you can have that eternal flame that is perfect and round, 0:09:44.679 --> 0:09:48.199 and you can study combustion in a more pure fashion, 0:09:48.280 --> 0:09:51.320 and you could build a better furnace maybe or find 0:09:51.320 --> 0:09:54.280 out how to reduce air pollution by making things more efficient. 0:09:54.559 --> 0:09:56.839 Right, And this is just like two things that you 0:09:56.880 --> 0:09:57.640 could do in space. 0:09:57.679 --> 0:10:00.000 I'm sure there are a thousand things we could list, right. 0:10:00.800 --> 0:10:02.480 And as a matter of fact, some of the early 0:10:02.520 --> 0:10:07.960 ideas for space stations were These were concepts that used 0:10:09.000 --> 0:10:12.880 like moon mined minerals and materials and assembled in space 0:10:12.920 --> 0:10:15.120 so that you didn't have to launch them from Earth. Yeah, 0:10:15.160 --> 0:10:18.640 so this whole idea of like creating things in space 0:10:18.760 --> 0:10:21.680 was even used to form the basis of these places 0:10:21.720 --> 0:10:23.880 where we would actually live while we were doing this stuff. 0:10:23.920 --> 0:10:24.640 It's pretty cool. 0:10:24.840 --> 0:10:27.880 Yeah. It also offers a unique perspective on the Earth. 0:10:28.679 --> 0:10:33.200 If we're talking about landforms and oceans, your atmosphere, speaking 0:10:33.200 --> 0:10:36.640 of which they can take much better pictures looking in 0:10:36.679 --> 0:10:39.360 the other direction into deep space because they don't have 0:10:39.440 --> 0:10:42.800 that pesky atmosphere in the way, right, So lots of 0:10:42.800 --> 0:10:45.800 great reasons to be up there, not the least of 0:10:45.840 --> 0:10:50.079 which is something you mentioned earlier, space tourism, which is 0:10:50.679 --> 0:10:54.839 going to happen at some point, right, Like people are 0:10:54.920 --> 0:10:59.560 looking into who is this one company? Galactic suite. Yeah, 0:10:59.640 --> 0:11:00.840 they're still at it. 0:11:01.240 --> 0:11:03.720 Well, none that I saw there really still says they're 0:11:03.760 --> 0:11:05.800 planning on launching in twenty twelve. 0:11:06.040 --> 0:11:08.640 Oh I thought that they. I thought they were still 0:11:08.679 --> 0:11:11.760 kind of I mean obviously not on that timeline, right 0:11:11.840 --> 0:11:12.480 unless they. 0:11:12.480 --> 0:11:14.679 I mean, their site is still up, somebody's still paying 0:11:14.679 --> 0:11:18.160 for the domain. That doesn't mean but it still says 0:11:18.200 --> 0:11:21.280 like they're gonna be They're gonna head for the star 0:11:21.559 --> 0:11:24.440 the stars in twenty twelve. And then I found another 0:11:24.880 --> 0:11:28.200 Russian one that was looked pretty promising, but their site 0:11:28.480 --> 0:11:34.320 apparently was not updated since twenty ten. But a company 0:11:34.440 --> 0:11:41.280 called Bigelow Industries very recently had SpaceX Fairy capsule up 0:11:41.360 --> 0:11:44.960 to the ISS. It was an inflatable capsule that was 0:11:45.080 --> 0:11:47.920 a habitat module that was meant to be a prototype 0:11:47.920 --> 0:11:50.839 for a space hotel, and they couldn't get it inflated. 0:11:51.200 --> 0:11:55.000 It was in They just aborted the mission. But like 0:11:55.120 --> 0:11:58.679 people are still working on the concept of space tourism 0:11:58.760 --> 0:11:59.640 like today. 0:11:59.480 --> 0:12:02.800 Well, I know, the Galactic Suite said, They're like, we 0:12:03.160 --> 0:12:06.280 think it'll cost four million dollars for a weekend stay, 0:12:07.280 --> 0:12:10.080 and our data suggests that there are about forty thousand 0:12:10.120 --> 0:12:12.839 people in the world that can and will pay for this. 0:12:13.920 --> 0:12:17.920 So maybe their site hasn't been updated because they got 0:12:17.960 --> 0:12:20.199 scared with the end of the World twenty twelve thing. 0:12:20.480 --> 0:12:22.600 Maybe and while they were hiding in a cave somewhere, 0:12:22.640 --> 0:12:25.160 somebody played a prank on them and they're still too 0:12:25.160 --> 0:12:26.880 scared to come out and update the site. 0:12:26.920 --> 0:12:29.719 Maybe Well Richard Branson, you know, he's trying to fly 0:12:29.800 --> 0:12:30.840 people into space. Still. 0:12:30.960 --> 0:12:32.600 Yeah, I looked at that. I was like, wait a minute, 0:12:32.679 --> 0:12:36.760 does this Alaskan Airlines merger? Did that kill Virgin Galactic? 0:12:36.840 --> 0:12:41.600 And apparently not, It was just Virgin America that Alaskan 0:12:41.640 --> 0:12:46.400 Airlines took over, apparently in a hostile takeover, But Virgin 0:12:46.440 --> 0:12:47.440 Galactic's still at it. 0:12:47.679 --> 0:12:50.079 Okay, Well that's good. I guess if you're loaded and 0:12:50.120 --> 0:12:51.360 want to ride in the space. 0:12:51.160 --> 0:12:55.480 Yeah, if you're Ashton Coucher or Jada Perry. 0:12:55.280 --> 0:12:59.640 They were on the list, right, Sure they have disposable income. Sure, 0:13:00.040 --> 0:13:05.720 and the couch up there, the coach either one. I 0:13:05.720 --> 0:13:08.080 feel like I should take a break and regroup and 0:13:08.120 --> 0:13:11.400 then we'll start talking about Space Station's past. 0:13:11.679 --> 0:13:38.680 I'll take one with you, all right, let's. 0:13:38.440 --> 0:13:42.360 Talk about the first one, Josh. We had a great 0:13:42.360 --> 0:13:44.960 episode on the space race. It was pretty much a 0:13:45.000 --> 0:13:49.080 two love that one, a two nation race between the 0:13:49.160 --> 0:13:52.520 US and the Soviet Union, And they beat us in 0:13:52.559 --> 0:13:54.320 a lot of ways as far as first to the 0:13:54.320 --> 0:13:54.960 punch Man. 0:13:55.000 --> 0:13:59.160 They really did. You know, they don't get enough credit 0:13:59.440 --> 0:14:02.480 around these parts for the stuff that they did as 0:14:02.520 --> 0:14:05.240 far as space goes, because they definitely did beat us 0:14:05.240 --> 0:14:07.319 in a lot of ways. Sure, like we beat them 0:14:07.320 --> 0:14:08.480 to the moon basically. 0:14:08.240 --> 0:14:10.440 Yeah, which we pointed out, and our show really got 0:14:10.520 --> 0:14:12.720 us going, sure and led to our advancements. 0:14:12.880 --> 0:14:15.400 Yeah. But also what was it There was another show 0:14:15.400 --> 0:14:19.480 we did recently, Sputnik led to super Balls. But do 0:14:19.520 --> 0:14:21.640 you remember we were talking about the super Bowl? In 0:14:21.680 --> 0:14:24.840 the Super Bowl episode, how Sputnik like made America, post 0:14:24.880 --> 0:14:27.560 war America wake up and be like Hey, stop being 0:14:27.600 --> 0:14:29.000 coddled and lazy. 0:14:29.120 --> 0:14:32.680 Yeah, we need to get back to innovation. 0:14:32.920 --> 0:14:36.520 Yeah, innovating again. And it was Sputnik that did that. Yeah, 0:14:36.520 --> 0:14:37.040 that's right. 0:14:38.280 --> 0:14:41.840 Nothing like the threat of Communist Russia or Soviet Union 0:14:41.920 --> 0:14:42.840 to get people going. 0:14:42.880 --> 0:14:44.080 We're being left behind. 0:14:45.400 --> 0:14:47.360 So back then they were the Soviet Union, and they 0:14:47.360 --> 0:14:50.800 were the first, as we said with the Saliot one 0:14:51.080 --> 0:14:55.520 station nineteen seventy one. Dude, they had people living in space. Yeah, 0:14:55.600 --> 0:14:58.560 the year I was born. It's crazy, yep. And it 0:14:58.600 --> 0:15:01.120 was actually a combination of a couple of a different 0:15:01.160 --> 0:15:04.280 system won the Almas and the Soyas. The Almas was 0:15:04.320 --> 0:15:08.720 a military system and the Soyas was the actual spacecraft 0:15:08.720 --> 0:15:10.440 that varied people to and fro. 0:15:10.680 --> 0:15:13.400 They're still using that things. How American astronauts to get 0:15:13.440 --> 0:15:16.000 to the iss is on Soyu's rockets? 0:15:16.120 --> 0:15:16.520 Oh really? 0:15:16.640 --> 0:15:16.880 Yeah? 0:15:17.080 --> 0:15:18.200 What number they had? 0:15:18.200 --> 0:15:22.880 I wonder? Oh who knows? Yeah, who knows? A lot? 0:15:23.240 --> 0:15:25.600 They launched them a lot from the Kazakhstan. 0:15:25.720 --> 0:15:28.000 I think, Oh really, h huh, very nice. 0:15:29.720 --> 0:15:31.160 So yet one on. 0:15:33.040 --> 0:15:38.640 Forty ft long had three main compartments, your standard compartments, 0:15:38.640 --> 0:15:41.840 which are like dining in recreation, food and water storage. 0:15:41.840 --> 0:15:45.360 You gotta have your toilet exercise equipment, and then your 0:15:45.600 --> 0:15:46.440 sciencey stuff. 0:15:47.080 --> 0:15:49.640 Yeah, that's science the stuff. That's a big deal, sure, 0:15:50.000 --> 0:15:52.240 because not only are they looking at how to make 0:15:52.280 --> 0:15:56.440 crystals better, they're also studying the effects of microgravity on 0:15:56.480 --> 0:15:58.800 the human body, which we're still getting a handle lot. 0:15:58.880 --> 0:16:01.400 Yeah, we should do an entire episode on how space 0:16:01.400 --> 0:16:03.880 affects your body. Okay, I think that would be like, 0:16:04.840 --> 0:16:07.000 I think I got three or four episode ideas out 0:16:07.040 --> 0:16:07.880 of this one article. 0:16:07.960 --> 0:16:10.360 Well, yeah, we should do one just on the ISS too, 0:16:10.480 --> 0:16:13.440 I think so. But well, just kind of briefly, one 0:16:13.480 --> 0:16:15.360 of the things that they've found so far about living 0:16:15.360 --> 0:16:19.040 in space is that your bone mineral density decreases by 0:16:19.080 --> 0:16:22.400 one percent a month, which are like one percent, there's 0:16:22.440 --> 0:16:25.440 still ninety nine percent left, who cares. Yeah, right here 0:16:25.480 --> 0:16:28.640 on Earth, if you were in a senior adult, you 0:16:28.680 --> 0:16:31.200 lose about one percent of bone mass a year. 0:16:31.400 --> 0:16:31.800 Whoa. 0:16:32.120 --> 0:16:34.720 So that's pretty significant. And another thing that they found 0:16:34.720 --> 0:16:37.600 out was that the living in microgravity, when you're here 0:16:37.640 --> 0:16:40.360 on Earth, your fluids and blood and stuff tend to 0:16:40.400 --> 0:16:45.080 accumulate in your lower extremities. Right in microgravity, it tends 0:16:45.120 --> 0:16:47.840 to accumulate up in your upper body and your upper 0:16:47.920 --> 0:16:51.080 chest and in your head and your brain's like, ohh, 0:16:51.520 --> 0:16:54.920 I'm bathed in this stuff. I need to shut down 0:16:54.960 --> 0:16:58.480 production on fluids, including blood, so that when astronauts get 0:16:58.520 --> 0:17:01.920 back on Earth, they tend to be fainty oh wow, 0:17:02.000 --> 0:17:04.720 because they don't have enough blood for a while until 0:17:04.720 --> 0:17:07.280 their body's like, WHOA, something weird just happened. I need 0:17:07.320 --> 0:17:08.200 to start making blood. 0:17:08.520 --> 0:17:10.439 And they say, I'm fainty because of space. 0:17:10.720 --> 0:17:12.960 Somebody give me some tang. My blood sugar is low. 0:17:13.720 --> 0:17:15.639 The other thing they found out was that in space, 0:17:15.720 --> 0:17:16.800 no one can hear you scream. 0:17:17.040 --> 0:17:21.359 Yeah, they try it, fifteen after every hour. All the 0:17:21.359 --> 0:17:23.920 astronauts scream as loud as they can and nobody can 0:17:23.960 --> 0:17:24.400 hear them. 0:17:24.440 --> 0:17:27.040 And that, of course, was a famous tagline from the 0:17:27.080 --> 0:17:30.800 first Alien movie. Oh really, Yeah, I remember seeing the 0:17:30.840 --> 0:17:32.959 ad with the big egg in space, no one can 0:17:32.960 --> 0:17:33.520 hear you scream. 0:17:33.600 --> 0:17:33.840 I know. 0:17:33.880 --> 0:17:35.639 I was just thought, that's terrifying. 0:17:36.240 --> 0:17:39.760 I'm gonna watch it. Yep. Oh. One other thing that 0:17:39.760 --> 0:17:42.679 they're learning about effects and gravity. So Scott Kelly, the 0:17:42.800 --> 0:17:46.919 astronaut who famously just spent a year on the ISS. Yeah, 0:17:46.960 --> 0:17:48.960 he has a twin who's also an astronaut. 0:17:49.080 --> 0:17:49.800 Oh, wow, I leave. 0:17:49.800 --> 0:17:55.120 His name is Mike, and Mike has been studied here 0:17:55.160 --> 0:17:55.480 on Earth. 0:17:55.560 --> 0:17:56.640 Yeah, I was about to say, you got to split 0:17:56.680 --> 0:17:57.240 those guys. 0:17:57.119 --> 0:18:00.800 Up over the same over the same year that Scott has, 0:18:01.359 --> 0:18:04.159 and now they're comparing him. Apparently Scott came down and 0:18:04.200 --> 0:18:06.040 he was like an inch or two shorter than his 0:18:06.200 --> 0:18:08.879 identical twin that way. That was just one thing, but 0:18:08.920 --> 0:18:11.640 they're they're examining them on a genetic level to see 0:18:11.640 --> 0:18:14.520 what differences have happened, so you can get a better 0:18:14.560 --> 0:18:18.240 handle on what living in gravity does to the human body. 0:18:18.320 --> 0:18:21.520 So he said, them shorter and more fainty for starters. 0:18:21.560 --> 0:18:23.800 He just fell dead away and they just slapped his 0:18:23.880 --> 0:18:25.680 face and poured tang down his throat. 0:18:26.119 --> 0:18:27.760 Well, I think what's lost on a lot of people 0:18:27.840 --> 0:18:31.560 is that these are real. I mean, human experimentation is 0:18:31.600 --> 0:18:34.000 going on, and who knows what the long term effect 0:18:34.080 --> 0:18:37.280 is going to be. These people are really like sacrificing potentially, 0:18:37.920 --> 0:18:40.320 you know right, I mean not just being away from 0:18:40.320 --> 0:18:43.040 family and stuff, but who knows, faint he might turn 0:18:43.080 --> 0:18:43.920 into something really bad. 0:18:44.000 --> 0:18:47.440 Well, not only that, they're also exposed to solar radiation 0:18:47.720 --> 0:18:51.640 and just space radiation that the Earth's atmosphere protects us 0:18:51.680 --> 0:18:55.720 from they're exposed to it, and apparently there's a huge 0:18:55.760 --> 0:18:58.639 possibility their lifetime risk of cancer just goes through the 0:18:58.720 --> 0:19:01.000 roof from moving out there. So yeah, there's a lot 0:19:01.000 --> 0:19:03.639 of questions we have that it's good that we're not 0:19:03.720 --> 0:19:05.760 all just living out in space because we can. We 0:19:06.119 --> 0:19:08.760 got a lot of stuff to figure out beforehand. 0:19:08.880 --> 0:19:13.920 Heroes, sir, is what I say. So the Soya's ten 0:19:14.200 --> 0:19:20.280 crew for that very first Saliot space station that Russia had, 0:19:21.000 --> 0:19:24.919 they were supposed to live up there, but they couldn't 0:19:25.000 --> 0:19:27.800 dock correctly, so they could never enter the space station, 0:19:28.119 --> 0:19:31.919 so they never could even get in. Big disappointment. 0:19:32.040 --> 0:19:34.879 Yea, they just went. They just hung their heads and 0:19:35.480 --> 0:19:38.119 put in reverse in the little module went. 0:19:38.040 --> 0:19:42.880 P yep, that's Earth. So the Soya's eleven crew actually 0:19:42.920 --> 0:19:46.640 successfully lived there for twenty four days in nineteen seventy one, 0:19:46.640 --> 0:19:51.680 which is remarkable, but very sadly they all perished upon 0:19:51.800 --> 0:19:53.480 re entry coming back to Earth. 0:19:54.080 --> 0:19:59.840 Yeah. They're capsule depressurized and their capsule at the time 0:19:59.880 --> 0:20:03.480 was designed for them to wear suits, so they were 0:20:03.480 --> 0:20:04.720 all asphyxiated. 0:20:04.800 --> 0:20:07.399 Yeah, just like died instantly, right pretty much. 0:20:07.480 --> 0:20:10.760 Yeah, Yeah, they would have like lost consciousness almost immediately. 0:20:11.320 --> 0:20:15.639 So after the eleven, Soy's eleven, they launched a different 0:20:15.640 --> 0:20:19.440 space station altogether, the Solio two. That one didn't even 0:20:19.440 --> 0:20:22.080 get up into orbit, so they were like, ah Yit 0:20:23.480 --> 0:20:27.200