1 00:00:03,680 --> 00:00:10,119 Speaker 1: I'm TT and I'm Zakiah, and this is Dope Labs. 2 00:00:11,360 --> 00:00:14,600 Speaker 1: Welcome to Dope Labs, a weekly podcast that mixes hardcore 3 00:00:14,680 --> 00:00:17,959 Speaker 1: science with pop culture and a healthy dose of friendship. 4 00:00:22,400 --> 00:00:24,640 Speaker 1: I saw this TikTok where people were taking a shot 5 00:00:24,720 --> 00:00:28,639 Speaker 1: of apple cider vinegar every morning to keep their stomach 6 00:00:28,760 --> 00:00:29,480 Speaker 1: on flat flat. 7 00:00:29,680 --> 00:00:31,240 Speaker 2: Ooh, that's a lot of ascid. 8 00:00:32,479 --> 00:00:35,760 Speaker 1: I am not that kind of scientist, so I have 9 00:00:36,440 --> 00:00:38,400 Speaker 1: no idea what that's supposed to do. 10 00:00:38,920 --> 00:00:41,280 Speaker 2: I just feel like there are so many wellness trends 11 00:00:41,320 --> 00:00:43,320 Speaker 2: like that, and they're just things that make you wonder 12 00:00:43,400 --> 00:00:46,640 Speaker 2: like is this legit or just social media science. 13 00:00:47,280 --> 00:00:47,800 Speaker 3: One of the. 14 00:00:47,720 --> 00:00:50,400 Speaker 2: Biggest ones like that is probiotics. 15 00:00:50,960 --> 00:00:51,480 Speaker 3: Yo. 16 00:00:52,080 --> 00:00:55,640 Speaker 1: Probiotics have been all over my timeline every day. It 17 00:00:55,680 --> 00:00:59,000 Speaker 1: feels like I'm getting hit with ads this probiotic and that, 18 00:00:59,080 --> 00:01:04,720 Speaker 1: probiotic drinks, gummies, face cream, even pillows, probiotic pillows. 19 00:01:04,760 --> 00:01:07,280 Speaker 2: That's crazy, but I think I think a lot of 20 00:01:07,280 --> 00:01:10,039 Speaker 2: times the question is like what are these probiotics supposed 21 00:01:10,080 --> 00:01:12,800 Speaker 2: to actually do? Like are we really helping our bodies 22 00:01:12,920 --> 00:01:14,839 Speaker 2: or are we just buy an expensive yogurt. 23 00:01:15,040 --> 00:01:17,000 Speaker 1: That's why we're in the lab today to figure out 24 00:01:17,000 --> 00:01:21,640 Speaker 1: what probiotics are how prebiotics fit in and why we're 25 00:01:21,640 --> 00:01:25,000 Speaker 1: hearing about bacteria like they're the new wellness MVPs. 26 00:01:25,360 --> 00:01:26,560 Speaker 2: Let's get into the recitation. 27 00:01:29,600 --> 00:01:31,280 Speaker 3: Okay, here's what we know. 28 00:01:32,200 --> 00:01:36,119 Speaker 1: There is bacteria living all over us, inside and out. 29 00:01:36,120 --> 00:01:38,240 Speaker 3: That's what I learned from my friends and many. That's right, 30 00:01:38,880 --> 00:01:41,160 Speaker 3: because I didn't believe it. Yeah, it's your microbiome. 31 00:01:41,200 --> 00:01:44,800 Speaker 2: And it's not just bacteria. There's fun guy to And 32 00:01:45,480 --> 00:01:51,120 Speaker 2: those bacteria aren't random. They have evolved alongside us humans, 33 00:01:51,160 --> 00:01:53,440 Speaker 2: you know, doing important jobs, like they help us digest 34 00:01:53,440 --> 00:01:56,160 Speaker 2: food in the gut. They're trading our immune systems, protecting 35 00:01:56,200 --> 00:01:56,600 Speaker 2: our skin. 36 00:01:57,200 --> 00:01:58,680 Speaker 3: So that's the microbiome. 37 00:01:58,800 --> 00:02:02,160 Speaker 1: But where I get stuck is all this talk about 38 00:02:02,200 --> 00:02:06,400 Speaker 1: probiotics and prebiotics. I see those words everywhere, but I'm like, 39 00:02:07,000 --> 00:02:11,000 Speaker 1: what's the difference. I know pro and pre are different prefixes, 40 00:02:11,800 --> 00:02:14,080 Speaker 1: but what's the difference and how do. 41 00:02:14,160 --> 00:02:15,239 Speaker 3: They actually work? 42 00:02:15,600 --> 00:02:18,160 Speaker 2: Listen, even as someone who knows the science, I still 43 00:02:18,200 --> 00:02:21,519 Speaker 2: have questions because here's the thing. If I'm saying, Okay, 44 00:02:21,600 --> 00:02:24,840 Speaker 2: I know our bodies already have established microbial communities, so 45 00:02:25,200 --> 00:02:29,440 Speaker 2: and those organisms are surprisingly consistent across different people, you know, 46 00:02:30,200 --> 00:02:33,880 Speaker 2: So that means these systems are resilient. So when I 47 00:02:33,919 --> 00:02:36,680 Speaker 2: see a supplement this li we have billions of colony 48 00:02:36,720 --> 00:02:40,480 Speaker 2: forming units, you know, means that in that little pield, 49 00:02:40,480 --> 00:02:44,160 Speaker 2: they're saying, all these bacteria are capable of being alive 50 00:02:44,200 --> 00:02:49,000 Speaker 2: and making a little colony of cells. I'm wondering, by 51 00:02:49,040 --> 00:02:52,000 Speaker 2: taking probotics, are you actually able to change that resilient 52 00:02:52,000 --> 00:02:54,639 Speaker 2: community that already exists or are we just adding more 53 00:02:54,639 --> 00:02:59,320 Speaker 2: stuff that has no real impact. Okay, that's a deep cut. Okay, 54 00:03:00,080 --> 00:03:02,200 Speaker 2: for me, it's even more straightforward. 55 00:03:02,280 --> 00:03:05,720 Speaker 1: I just want to know our probiotics and probiotics something 56 00:03:05,840 --> 00:03:06,919 Speaker 1: I need to be taking. 57 00:03:07,520 --> 00:03:08,200 Speaker 3: Is it gonna help me? 58 00:03:08,400 --> 00:03:10,720 Speaker 1: I want to know how do they work in different 59 00:03:10,720 --> 00:03:12,839 Speaker 1: parts of your body, your gut, your skin, your hair? 60 00:03:13,440 --> 00:03:15,359 Speaker 1: And is it enough to eat some yogurt? Should I 61 00:03:15,400 --> 00:03:18,000 Speaker 1: be putting yogurt in my hair? I did that before 62 00:03:18,080 --> 00:03:20,280 Speaker 1: one time. Yeah, you know, I wouldn't recommend it. 63 00:03:20,280 --> 00:03:24,040 Speaker 2: We don't want to go back to banana brea head. Okay, right, Oh, go. 64 00:03:23,919 --> 00:03:26,600 Speaker 1: Back and listen to that episode. It was poor advice 65 00:03:26,639 --> 00:03:29,280 Speaker 1: to my friend that I gave her. But do I 66 00:03:29,360 --> 00:03:31,959 Speaker 1: need to put yogurt everywhere? Or can I just take 67 00:03:31,960 --> 00:03:34,320 Speaker 1: a pill? Well, I think tt that's exactly what we 68 00:03:34,400 --> 00:03:37,360 Speaker 1: need to dig into. With doctor Raj, a gastro entrologist 69 00:03:37,400 --> 00:03:40,320 Speaker 1: an expert in science behind probiotics, she'll help us figure 70 00:03:40,320 --> 00:03:40,800 Speaker 1: out what's. 71 00:03:40,720 --> 00:03:42,440 Speaker 2: Legit and what's just marketing. 72 00:03:42,600 --> 00:03:44,360 Speaker 3: Perfect, let's jump into the dissection. 73 00:03:49,360 --> 00:03:53,880 Speaker 4: I'm doctor Roshni Raj. I'm co founder of Yaday and Tula. 74 00:03:54,160 --> 00:03:57,880 Speaker 4: I'm an Associate Professor of Medicine at NYU School of Medicine, 75 00:03:58,160 --> 00:04:01,560 Speaker 4: and I can be reached my website, which is gut 76 00:04:01,600 --> 00:04:06,040 Speaker 4: Renovation dot net or on Instagram, Dr Roschi Raj. 77 00:04:06,600 --> 00:04:09,600 Speaker 2: So we're talking about probiotics, and our first question, doctor Raj, 78 00:04:09,840 --> 00:04:13,080 Speaker 2: is like, is this new? Because for a long time, 79 00:04:13,200 --> 00:04:15,200 Speaker 2: bacteria we're seen as the bad guys. You know, we 80 00:04:15,240 --> 00:04:18,800 Speaker 2: think back to the gold yellow dial soap. It was 81 00:04:18,839 --> 00:04:22,440 Speaker 2: like sanitize everything, bleach this, wash your hands with antibacterial soap. 82 00:04:22,440 --> 00:04:24,400 Speaker 2: We know that that's kind of gone away, but we're 83 00:04:24,440 --> 00:04:27,200 Speaker 2: also seeing this shift where people are talking about probiotics 84 00:04:27,279 --> 00:04:30,200 Speaker 2: in the gut and on the skin, and even when 85 00:04:30,200 --> 00:04:33,680 Speaker 2: we think about fermented foods like kombucha. Is that girl? 86 00:04:34,160 --> 00:04:37,560 Speaker 2: So it feels like bacteria is having a rebrand. 87 00:04:38,240 --> 00:04:38,480 Speaker 3: Yeah. 88 00:04:38,680 --> 00:04:40,600 Speaker 4: No, I think first of all, I just want to say, 89 00:04:40,640 --> 00:04:43,200 Speaker 4: I'm so excited to be speaking with you both, and 90 00:04:43,839 --> 00:04:46,320 Speaker 4: especially at this moment in time, to be speaking to 91 00:04:46,960 --> 00:04:49,760 Speaker 4: women in science. And as we all know, science is 92 00:04:50,279 --> 00:04:53,000 Speaker 4: a little bit under or a lot under assault right now, 93 00:04:53,120 --> 00:04:56,280 Speaker 4: so it's really important the work that you're doing, and 94 00:04:56,360 --> 00:04:58,520 Speaker 4: I'm really I'm really honored to be part of your 95 00:04:58,560 --> 00:05:02,520 Speaker 4: program today. But talking about bacteria, it is a fascinating story. 96 00:05:02,560 --> 00:05:04,520 Speaker 4: And if you go back to kind of the history 97 00:05:05,000 --> 00:05:07,359 Speaker 4: exactly as you were saying ze Key about, but we 98 00:05:07,440 --> 00:05:09,600 Speaker 4: used to think all bacteria were bad, and in fact, 99 00:05:09,960 --> 00:05:14,440 Speaker 4: the first antibiotics, which was penicillin, was really discovered I 100 00:05:14,520 --> 00:05:16,800 Speaker 4: believe around the time of World War Two and the 101 00:05:16,839 --> 00:05:20,240 Speaker 4: battlefield and all these wounds and getting infected, and it 102 00:05:20,279 --> 00:05:24,320 Speaker 4: was such a life saving thing to discover antibiotics that 103 00:05:24,360 --> 00:05:27,840 Speaker 4: can kill bacteria and cure infection. And so that kind 104 00:05:27,880 --> 00:05:30,680 Speaker 4: of idea of bacteria is being bad and causing illness 105 00:05:31,000 --> 00:05:34,520 Speaker 4: really has remained in medicine up until and now I'm 106 00:05:34,600 --> 00:05:38,119 Speaker 4: dating myself, but during my gasterentrology fellowship, so we're talking 107 00:05:38,120 --> 00:05:42,400 Speaker 4: about two thousand and one, two thousand and two, that's 108 00:05:42,440 --> 00:05:46,120 Speaker 4: when I first learned about this term probiotics, the fact 109 00:05:46,120 --> 00:05:49,560 Speaker 4: that actually there's some bacteria that are not only not 110 00:05:49,720 --> 00:05:51,760 Speaker 4: bad for you, but actually good for you. They can 111 00:05:51,800 --> 00:05:55,080 Speaker 4: actually cause some real benefits in your gut. And back then, 112 00:05:55,200 --> 00:05:58,160 Speaker 4: all the discussion about probiotics was really just about digestive 113 00:05:58,200 --> 00:06:00,679 Speaker 4: health and how it can keep your DIGESTIONI in balance 114 00:06:00,760 --> 00:06:03,400 Speaker 4: and keep all the good bacteria in balance. But now 115 00:06:03,440 --> 00:06:07,080 Speaker 4: when we shift over twenty years, we realize that your 116 00:06:07,080 --> 00:06:11,320 Speaker 4: gut microbiome and those healthy bacteria can actually have positive 117 00:06:11,320 --> 00:06:14,040 Speaker 4: effects throughout your body, not just your gut, but your 118 00:06:14,080 --> 00:06:18,320 Speaker 4: mental health, your metabolism, your immunity, your risk of cancer, 119 00:06:18,360 --> 00:06:21,160 Speaker 4: heart disease, almost any disease under the sun. This is 120 00:06:21,200 --> 00:06:23,920 Speaker 4: what motivated me to write my book Gut Renovation a 121 00:06:23,960 --> 00:06:25,960 Speaker 4: couple of years ago, which is all about how your 122 00:06:25,960 --> 00:06:29,919 Speaker 4: microbiome can really impact your overall health. So, yes, bacteria 123 00:06:30,040 --> 00:06:32,600 Speaker 4: is definitely having a moment, and I'm very excited about 124 00:06:32,640 --> 00:06:35,640 Speaker 4: that because the research really does show that having a 125 00:06:35,680 --> 00:06:38,840 Speaker 4: healthy microbiome and that's the community of bacteria in your 126 00:06:38,880 --> 00:06:42,400 Speaker 4: gut really can have so many far reaching effects throughout 127 00:06:42,400 --> 00:06:42,960 Speaker 4: your body. 128 00:06:43,200 --> 00:06:46,360 Speaker 1: Yes, it feels like bacteria has the right PR team 129 00:06:46,400 --> 00:06:50,040 Speaker 1: behind them. You hear the word bacteria and it doesn't 130 00:06:50,480 --> 00:06:51,880 Speaker 1: make you like. 131 00:06:51,960 --> 00:06:53,160 Speaker 3: Screen, you know what I mean. 132 00:06:54,360 --> 00:06:56,600 Speaker 4: And there has been a shift because when I started 133 00:06:56,720 --> 00:07:00,400 Speaker 4: co founded Tula, which is our probiotic skincare brand, we 134 00:07:00,480 --> 00:07:05,040 Speaker 4: started that in twenty fourteen, twenty fifteen, early fifteen, and 135 00:07:05,160 --> 00:07:08,400 Speaker 4: at that time, the thought of putting bacterial extracts on 136 00:07:08,440 --> 00:07:11,800 Speaker 4: the skin there definitely was still an ick factor and 137 00:07:12,360 --> 00:07:14,720 Speaker 4: why would we be doing that? Isn't that kind of gross? 138 00:07:14,920 --> 00:07:18,200 Speaker 4: There was a lot of education involved in really educating 139 00:07:18,240 --> 00:07:20,880 Speaker 4: the customer about what all the benefits are of doing that. 140 00:07:21,600 --> 00:07:26,200 Speaker 4: And now there's a skin microbiome conference every other week practically, 141 00:07:26,320 --> 00:07:31,200 Speaker 4: Like it's just so shifted. The information has exploded, consumer scientists, 142 00:07:31,200 --> 00:07:35,360 Speaker 4: everyone's really embracing this idea of your natural microbiome and 143 00:07:35,400 --> 00:07:37,920 Speaker 4: why it's so important to keep it balanced and intact. 144 00:07:38,640 --> 00:07:41,920 Speaker 1: I really want to get people to understand the differences 145 00:07:42,000 --> 00:07:48,200 Speaker 1: between good bacteria and bad bacteria. So probiotics and the 146 00:07:48,200 --> 00:07:51,000 Speaker 1: bad stuff that makes you sick. Yeah, how are they 147 00:07:51,640 --> 00:07:52,880 Speaker 1: different from one another? 148 00:07:53,360 --> 00:07:56,440 Speaker 4: Yeah? So we know that in our digestive tract and 149 00:07:56,480 --> 00:07:59,000 Speaker 4: mostly I'm talking about your coal and your large intestine. 150 00:07:59,000 --> 00:08:01,440 Speaker 4: That's where we have the hosts. The majority of the 151 00:08:01,440 --> 00:08:04,440 Speaker 4: bacteria in our gut. We do have a community of 152 00:08:04,680 --> 00:08:09,400 Speaker 4: many good, beneficial strains of bacteria that can do many 153 00:08:09,480 --> 00:08:12,160 Speaker 4: different things. They can help strengthen the lining of your gut. 154 00:08:12,520 --> 00:08:16,440 Speaker 4: They can produce metabolites that affect your immune cells, they 155 00:08:16,480 --> 00:08:20,600 Speaker 4: can produce neurotransmitters that affect your mood, all sorts of things. 156 00:08:20,880 --> 00:08:24,280 Speaker 4: But we also do have some communities of bacteria that 157 00:08:24,600 --> 00:08:28,160 Speaker 4: are not so great for you, especially if they become overpopulated. 158 00:08:28,240 --> 00:08:31,080 Speaker 4: So if you think about sort of a garden and 159 00:08:31,160 --> 00:08:34,720 Speaker 4: there's beautiful flowers, there's some regular plants, and there are 160 00:08:34,760 --> 00:08:37,319 Speaker 4: some weeds, and you know they're always going to be 161 00:08:37,400 --> 00:08:39,160 Speaker 4: some weeds, but you want to just keep them under 162 00:08:39,160 --> 00:08:41,640 Speaker 4: control so they're not sucking up all the fuel that 163 00:08:42,040 --> 00:08:44,720 Speaker 4: should be going to the good stuff and basically destroying 164 00:08:44,760 --> 00:08:47,959 Speaker 4: all your good bacteria. And going along with this kind 165 00:08:48,040 --> 00:08:54,280 Speaker 4: of flower garden metaphor is the concept of prebiotics. So prebiotics, 166 00:08:54,559 --> 00:08:57,160 Speaker 4: you can think of that as the fertilizer for your good, 167 00:08:57,200 --> 00:09:01,120 Speaker 4: beautiful flowers. So prebiotics usually are fiber based, and these 168 00:09:01,160 --> 00:09:04,920 Speaker 4: are things that feed the growth of beneficial bacteria, and 169 00:09:04,920 --> 00:09:07,520 Speaker 4: that's why we think fiber is such a key crucial 170 00:09:07,559 --> 00:09:10,400 Speaker 4: component of our diet, because that's really how you can 171 00:09:10,440 --> 00:09:13,400 Speaker 4: feed the growth of your good bacteria, make sure they're 172 00:09:13,440 --> 00:09:15,960 Speaker 4: in abundance so that the bad bacteria doesn't have a 173 00:09:16,040 --> 00:09:19,199 Speaker 4: chance to overgrow. One example that we see a lot 174 00:09:19,240 --> 00:09:22,559 Speaker 4: in medicine of a bad bacteria is something called C. 175 00:09:22,760 --> 00:09:26,160 Speaker 4: Deficile or Cloustridium deficile. This is a bacteria that we 176 00:09:26,200 --> 00:09:29,160 Speaker 4: all have a little bit of, usually just walking around, 177 00:09:29,160 --> 00:09:31,199 Speaker 4: but it's small, it's a low enough amount it doesn't 178 00:09:31,200 --> 00:09:35,560 Speaker 4: cause problems. But sometimes when you take antibiotics, say you 179 00:09:35,559 --> 00:09:39,319 Speaker 4: have an ear infection or a respiratory infection, you take antibiotics, 180 00:09:39,520 --> 00:09:41,680 Speaker 4: it does get rid of whatever causing the ear infection 181 00:09:41,800 --> 00:09:44,760 Speaker 4: or the respiratory infection, but it can also destroy some 182 00:09:44,880 --> 00:09:48,160 Speaker 4: of your good protective bacteria in your gut, and that 183 00:09:48,600 --> 00:09:53,040 Speaker 4: allows this bad bacteria Sea deficile to overgrow and it 184 00:09:53,080 --> 00:09:57,240 Speaker 4: can cause inflammation, severe diarrhea, It can be quite serious. 185 00:09:57,640 --> 00:10:00,000 Speaker 4: So that's an example of when you throw things off balance, 186 00:10:00,600 --> 00:10:16,600 Speaker 4: bad bacteria have a better chance of growing and causing problems. 187 00:10:18,679 --> 00:10:20,839 Speaker 2: Okay, so we can think about probiotics as the good 188 00:10:20,840 --> 00:10:24,680 Speaker 2: bacteria we want, and prebiotics are there fertilizer, But what 189 00:10:24,800 --> 00:10:27,520 Speaker 2: about post biotics. It feels like we're just making up 190 00:10:27,520 --> 00:10:28,280 Speaker 2: worries at this point. 191 00:10:29,840 --> 00:10:33,280 Speaker 4: Yeah, great question. First everyone learned about probiotics, then they 192 00:10:33,320 --> 00:10:35,920 Speaker 4: have to learn about probiotics. Now we're throwing post biotics 193 00:10:35,920 --> 00:10:40,120 Speaker 4: in there. So post biotics are really the metabolites, the 194 00:10:40,240 --> 00:10:45,000 Speaker 4: actives that a probiotic bacteria can release, but it's not 195 00:10:45,120 --> 00:10:47,560 Speaker 4: the actual bacteria. So if you think of the bacteria 196 00:10:47,559 --> 00:10:50,120 Speaker 4: as almost like a sack holding some really important things 197 00:10:50,160 --> 00:10:53,520 Speaker 4: in there, the sack burst releases all that good stuff. 198 00:10:53,559 --> 00:10:56,160 Speaker 4: The good stuff is the post biotics, but the bacteria 199 00:10:56,240 --> 00:10:59,000 Speaker 4: itself is gone, it's dead, it's no longer there, but 200 00:10:59,080 --> 00:11:02,760 Speaker 4: it's releasing those active metabolites which can remain active even 201 00:11:02,800 --> 00:11:06,960 Speaker 4: though the bacteria has died. So, for example, with tula, 202 00:11:07,040 --> 00:11:08,760 Speaker 4: what were you putting on your skin? Those are not 203 00:11:08,880 --> 00:11:12,960 Speaker 4: live bacteria. Those are probiotic extracts or post biotics. There's 204 00:11:13,000 --> 00:11:16,480 Speaker 4: another term called symbiotic, which is a combination of a 205 00:11:16,520 --> 00:11:20,360 Speaker 4: prebiotic and a probiotic. So sometimes now if you take supplements, 206 00:11:20,840 --> 00:11:23,120 Speaker 4: maybe you used to take just a probiotic, Now you 207 00:11:23,120 --> 00:11:25,760 Speaker 4: can often find a combination of pre and pro So 208 00:11:26,280 --> 00:11:29,000 Speaker 4: these are all different, you know, different methods of really 209 00:11:29,040 --> 00:11:30,920 Speaker 4: boosting the health of your microbiome. 210 00:11:31,559 --> 00:11:40,040 Speaker 1: Okay, so prebiotic, probiotic, post biotic. Prebiotic plus probiotic equals symbiotic. 211 00:11:40,920 --> 00:11:41,880 Speaker 3: Did I get everything? 212 00:11:42,120 --> 00:11:44,960 Speaker 2: I know it feels like a lot you did. I 213 00:11:45,000 --> 00:11:48,240 Speaker 2: think when we break it down and think about that garden, 214 00:11:48,360 --> 00:11:51,520 Speaker 2: uh huh. Probiotic is the fertilizer in a probiotic is 215 00:11:51,520 --> 00:11:55,040 Speaker 2: the flower. The flower is that bacteria. Now, sometimes you 216 00:11:55,080 --> 00:11:57,439 Speaker 2: may just feel like, hey, I'm getting enough in my diet. 217 00:11:57,480 --> 00:11:59,840 Speaker 2: I don't need fertilizer. I just want the probiotic. 218 00:12:00,120 --> 00:12:00,480 Speaker 3: Mm hmm. 219 00:12:00,920 --> 00:12:03,720 Speaker 2: Sometimes you may say, hey, I'm gonna take this probody, 220 00:12:03,720 --> 00:12:05,160 Speaker 2: but I know I'm not doing right. I need the 221 00:12:05,160 --> 00:12:08,160 Speaker 2: fertilizer too. So that's called a symbiotic. That's put planting 222 00:12:08,200 --> 00:12:10,480 Speaker 2: your flowers and adding fertilizer directly to the soil as 223 00:12:10,480 --> 00:12:13,000 Speaker 2: soon as you do it. The post biotic is like 224 00:12:13,040 --> 00:12:16,280 Speaker 2: if you said, Okay, I'm just gonna skip the flower 225 00:12:16,320 --> 00:12:18,439 Speaker 2: and the fertilizer, give me the extract. I'm gonna take 226 00:12:18,440 --> 00:12:21,560 Speaker 2: these flowers and steep them. I'll drink the tea, and 227 00:12:21,600 --> 00:12:24,520 Speaker 2: the post body is the tea. When you take those 228 00:12:24,559 --> 00:12:26,480 Speaker 2: flowers and you say, what was in those flowers. I'm 229 00:12:26,480 --> 00:12:31,160 Speaker 2: gonna extract that out. That's what the post biotic is, Okay, Lavender. 230 00:12:31,040 --> 00:12:33,040 Speaker 1: I don't want this to be a reach, but I 231 00:12:33,040 --> 00:12:35,040 Speaker 1: don't know, if you remember, I don't know if we're 232 00:12:35,040 --> 00:12:38,600 Speaker 1: gonna be aging ourselves when like everything in the haircare 233 00:12:38,679 --> 00:12:43,800 Speaker 1: industry was like ion technology. Oh yeah, and I always 234 00:12:43,800 --> 00:12:46,079 Speaker 1: turn to t TEA for help with anything like this. 235 00:12:46,480 --> 00:12:51,080 Speaker 3: Ions are everywhere like it was. It just sounds good, 236 00:12:51,120 --> 00:12:51,400 Speaker 3: you know. 237 00:12:52,120 --> 00:12:55,199 Speaker 1: It sounds scientific, but most people had no idea what 238 00:12:55,240 --> 00:12:58,440 Speaker 1: that meant. Is there a solid science that tells us 239 00:12:58,559 --> 00:13:02,640 Speaker 1: if we understand that we have acrobiome that's established, does 240 00:13:02,679 --> 00:13:05,040 Speaker 1: the science back this up? Aside from what we know 241 00:13:05,080 --> 00:13:08,520 Speaker 1: can sometimes happen with placebo effect, do we see that 242 00:13:08,800 --> 00:13:13,280 Speaker 1: adding probiotics and post biotics can shift the composition or 243 00:13:13,360 --> 00:13:16,400 Speaker 1: regulate dys biosis so when things are out of proportion 244 00:13:16,840 --> 00:13:19,280 Speaker 1: in the gut? Is there a strong case for that? 245 00:13:19,840 --> 00:13:22,080 Speaker 4: Yeah, it's a great question, and I think first we 246 00:13:22,120 --> 00:13:25,040 Speaker 4: have to go back to is there science supporting just 247 00:13:25,559 --> 00:13:28,680 Speaker 4: the fact that the microbiome itself does have importance and 248 00:13:28,720 --> 00:13:31,600 Speaker 4: effects throughout our body? And that the answer is definitely yes. 249 00:13:32,040 --> 00:13:34,960 Speaker 4: So you know, there's something called the Human Microbiome Project 250 00:13:35,000 --> 00:13:38,360 Speaker 4: where scientists have really gone and mapped out all the 251 00:13:38,400 --> 00:13:41,679 Speaker 4: different strains or possible strains in the human microbiome and 252 00:13:41,760 --> 00:13:44,520 Speaker 4: what genes you know, confer different strains and what they 253 00:13:44,559 --> 00:13:47,360 Speaker 4: all do. So we know the microbiome exists and it 254 00:13:47,400 --> 00:13:50,720 Speaker 4: actually has a real purpose. But the question that you raise, 255 00:13:50,760 --> 00:13:54,240 Speaker 4: which is an interesting one, is intervention. So do interventions 256 00:13:54,280 --> 00:13:57,720 Speaker 4: like adding probiotics or adding probiotics make a difference? And 257 00:13:57,760 --> 00:14:00,600 Speaker 4: there it is still an early feel, I would say, 258 00:14:00,640 --> 00:14:03,160 Speaker 4: in certain in terms of research, but yes, there are 259 00:14:03,240 --> 00:14:08,839 Speaker 4: compelling studies looking at everything from adding probiotics to an 260 00:14:08,840 --> 00:14:14,040 Speaker 4: antidepression regimen, to adding probiotics to something for immunity, and 261 00:14:14,360 --> 00:14:16,400 Speaker 4: does that mean children will get less colds in a 262 00:14:16,400 --> 00:14:19,080 Speaker 4: given year? And there is compelling evidence to say, yes, 263 00:14:19,160 --> 00:14:23,160 Speaker 4: it does actually work. Do we know exactly what doses, 264 00:14:23,280 --> 00:14:25,960 Speaker 4: what strains should be for which people. I don't think 265 00:14:25,960 --> 00:14:29,040 Speaker 4: we're there quite yet, but it's definitely an active area 266 00:14:29,040 --> 00:14:30,920 Speaker 4: of research and I think we're going to get those 267 00:14:30,920 --> 00:14:35,120 Speaker 4: answers relatively soon. But there's just so many fascinating studies 268 00:14:35,160 --> 00:14:37,120 Speaker 4: out there looking at this. I mean, they have done 269 00:14:37,160 --> 00:14:40,960 Speaker 4: studies looking at people with depression and people without depression, 270 00:14:41,040 --> 00:14:43,160 Speaker 4: and then they examine their stool and they examine their 271 00:14:43,200 --> 00:14:46,520 Speaker 4: micromiome and they find real stark differences between the two. 272 00:14:47,000 --> 00:14:49,440 Speaker 4: And the question is, if you can supplement the person 273 00:14:49,440 --> 00:14:52,760 Speaker 4: with depression with the kind of non depressed type of bacteria, 274 00:14:52,920 --> 00:14:54,920 Speaker 4: is that going to help them? And they've shown some 275 00:14:54,960 --> 00:14:57,640 Speaker 4: small studies where it does help, but we need larger 276 00:14:57,760 --> 00:15:00,680 Speaker 4: amounts of evidence to really prove that. There are other 277 00:15:00,720 --> 00:15:03,200 Speaker 4: things looking at sleep in the microbiome, There's one that 278 00:15:03,240 --> 00:15:05,720 Speaker 4: I found really interesting looking at medical students who are 279 00:15:05,800 --> 00:15:09,720 Speaker 4: notoriously sleep deprived and specifically during a night shift, like 280 00:15:09,760 --> 00:15:11,720 Speaker 4: I think it was a three week night shift. They 281 00:15:11,760 --> 00:15:15,160 Speaker 4: looked at their microbiome kind of profile before they started 282 00:15:15,160 --> 00:15:17,440 Speaker 4: the night shift and after the three weeks, and they 283 00:15:17,480 --> 00:15:21,000 Speaker 4: saw significant changes. So that just being sleep deprived, and 284 00:15:21,040 --> 00:15:23,320 Speaker 4: they may have also eaten different things because they were 285 00:15:23,360 --> 00:15:26,720 Speaker 4: sleep deprived, but there were changes in their microbiome. There's 286 00:15:26,720 --> 00:15:30,320 Speaker 4: certain bacteria that they found to be more pro insomnia 287 00:15:30,520 --> 00:15:33,120 Speaker 4: or more pro good sleep. So there are just so 288 00:15:33,320 --> 00:15:36,200 Speaker 4: many connections that are being made. It's still in early field. 289 00:15:36,240 --> 00:15:38,840 Speaker 4: We still have a lot to learn, but there's definitely 290 00:15:38,840 --> 00:15:39,440 Speaker 4: something there. 291 00:15:39,960 --> 00:15:42,800 Speaker 3: Now I'm thinking of all of my ailments. 292 00:15:44,240 --> 00:15:47,800 Speaker 4: There's a connection, and that's partly why I love the 293 00:15:47,960 --> 00:15:52,000 Speaker 4: concept of prebiotics and fiber, because we don't know exactly 294 00:15:52,040 --> 00:15:55,320 Speaker 4: what strain we should be taking for what. With prebiotics, 295 00:15:55,360 --> 00:15:57,920 Speaker 4: you're sort of getting that broad benefit because you're feeding 296 00:15:57,960 --> 00:16:00,440 Speaker 4: all of your good bacteria. You know, it's a way 297 00:16:00,480 --> 00:16:02,520 Speaker 4: to sort of head your bets a little bit, like 298 00:16:02,560 --> 00:16:04,880 Speaker 4: I'm not sure which bacteria should be feeding more, but 299 00:16:05,000 --> 00:16:07,200 Speaker 4: if I'm taking a ton of fiber, all of my 300 00:16:07,240 --> 00:16:10,600 Speaker 4: good bacteria are going to be plentiful and abundant. 301 00:16:10,600 --> 00:16:11,520 Speaker 2: Like miracle grow. 302 00:16:12,080 --> 00:16:12,920 Speaker 4: Yeah, exactly. 303 00:16:15,560 --> 00:16:17,920 Speaker 3: More on the flower metaphor, yes, Yes. 304 00:16:17,960 --> 00:16:20,640 Speaker 1: In the research for this episode and just talking to 305 00:16:20,680 --> 00:16:23,800 Speaker 1: my friend because she's very smart and knows these things. Yeah, 306 00:16:23,880 --> 00:16:27,479 Speaker 1: I learned that we talk a lot about the gut microbiome, 307 00:16:27,520 --> 00:16:30,720 Speaker 1: but I also learned that your skin has microbiomes, there's 308 00:16:30,840 --> 00:16:33,240 Speaker 1: vaginal microbiomes, there's even. 309 00:16:33,240 --> 00:16:35,840 Speaker 3: Mouth and scalp microbiome. 310 00:16:36,240 --> 00:16:40,440 Speaker 1: Can you help us understand how these ecosystems differ across 311 00:16:40,440 --> 00:16:42,800 Speaker 1: the body and why they matter totally? 312 00:16:42,880 --> 00:16:45,240 Speaker 4: Well, I think now we're realizing that this concept of 313 00:16:45,320 --> 00:16:48,440 Speaker 4: microbiome is important in many different parts of our body. 314 00:16:48,480 --> 00:16:50,760 Speaker 4: Like you said, and I think any woman who's ever 315 00:16:50,800 --> 00:16:53,320 Speaker 4: had a used infection in their life understands the importance 316 00:16:53,320 --> 00:16:57,120 Speaker 4: of a vaginal microbiome, right. So we know that particularly 317 00:16:57,160 --> 00:17:00,280 Speaker 4: if you take antibiotics or if something even up from 318 00:17:00,320 --> 00:17:04,439 Speaker 4: that throws off the ecosystem in the vaginal microbiome, you 319 00:17:04,480 --> 00:17:08,640 Speaker 4: can develop an overgrowth of yeast or potentially other infections. 320 00:17:08,960 --> 00:17:11,600 Speaker 4: So we know that there's a very delicate balance in 321 00:17:11,640 --> 00:17:14,520 Speaker 4: the vaginal area in terms of pH which is governed 322 00:17:14,520 --> 00:17:17,520 Speaker 4: by bacteria in many cases, and just the balance there, 323 00:17:17,560 --> 00:17:21,639 Speaker 4: so that's important. Then the oral microbiome is really fascinating 324 00:17:21,680 --> 00:17:25,080 Speaker 4: because now there are many studies showing that your oral 325 00:17:25,119 --> 00:17:28,840 Speaker 4: health really can impact again your overall health. Things like 326 00:17:28,920 --> 00:17:31,520 Speaker 4: heart disease, for example, is a big one because we 327 00:17:31,600 --> 00:17:34,399 Speaker 4: think that if you have more sort of plaque or 328 00:17:34,440 --> 00:17:38,119 Speaker 4: infection in the oral area, it can cause overall body inflammation. 329 00:17:38,359 --> 00:17:40,560 Speaker 4: And we know that inflammation is kind of the root 330 00:17:40,600 --> 00:17:43,160 Speaker 4: of all evils when it comes to most diseases. So, yes, 331 00:17:43,200 --> 00:17:46,680 Speaker 4: the oral microbiome is very important to maintain, and skin 332 00:17:46,760 --> 00:17:50,040 Speaker 4: microbiome for sure, and that's partly what TULA is all about. 333 00:17:50,119 --> 00:17:53,119 Speaker 4: But the fact that we have a delicate balance of 334 00:17:53,160 --> 00:17:56,800 Speaker 4: microbiome on our skin of good bacteria, and that really 335 00:17:57,000 --> 00:17:59,680 Speaker 4: the good bacteria on your skin can really help strengthen 336 00:17:59,720 --> 00:18:03,000 Speaker 4: your skin's natural defense barrier. And what that does is 337 00:18:03,040 --> 00:18:06,679 Speaker 4: help you hold onto moisture. It can help decrease skin inflammation. 338 00:18:06,840 --> 00:18:09,320 Speaker 4: And we know inflammation on the skin is what causes 339 00:18:09,320 --> 00:18:12,240 Speaker 4: collagen breakdown a last and breakdown that leads to wrinkle 340 00:18:12,280 --> 00:18:15,800 Speaker 4: formation as well as dryness, redness, irritation, all those things. 341 00:18:16,080 --> 00:18:18,600 Speaker 4: So that's how the skin microbiome can be very important, 342 00:18:19,000 --> 00:18:22,400 Speaker 4: and other things like pollution can disrupt it. Different products 343 00:18:22,440 --> 00:18:25,720 Speaker 4: can disrupt it as well. And scalp microbiome is also 344 00:18:26,000 --> 00:18:29,639 Speaker 4: particularly in people who have conditions like dandruff. For example. 345 00:18:30,080 --> 00:18:33,480 Speaker 4: There are now thoughts that the scalp microbiome plays a 346 00:18:33,560 --> 00:18:35,720 Speaker 4: role there as well and may allow for a certain 347 00:18:35,760 --> 00:18:39,280 Speaker 4: overgrowth of certain bacteria that can lead to more scalp 348 00:18:39,320 --> 00:18:40,439 Speaker 4: issues like dandruff. 349 00:18:40,560 --> 00:18:41,880 Speaker 2: It's so interesting even an. 350 00:18:41,920 --> 00:18:45,400 Speaker 4: Under our microbiome. I was actually interested in looking at 351 00:18:45,400 --> 00:18:48,760 Speaker 4: that at one point. Deodorant and the microbiome and what 352 00:18:48,800 --> 00:18:50,800 Speaker 4: causes odor, all of those things have to do with 353 00:18:50,840 --> 00:18:53,760 Speaker 4: bacteria to a large extent, So kind of cracking the 354 00:18:53,800 --> 00:18:56,040 Speaker 4: code on that I think would be really interesting as well. 355 00:18:56,440 --> 00:19:00,520 Speaker 2: We're understanding that we have this established micro biome and 356 00:19:00,520 --> 00:19:03,280 Speaker 2: it's not static, but the microbiome that are on your 357 00:19:03,400 --> 00:19:07,280 Speaker 2: feet or on your hands look different over time. We 358 00:19:07,320 --> 00:19:09,960 Speaker 2: actually have a friend from grad school, Keisha, Our friend 359 00:19:10,040 --> 00:19:13,359 Speaker 2: Keisha TT did a study of the microbiome on the 360 00:19:13,400 --> 00:19:16,560 Speaker 2: hands and feet and she was really a fungal microbiologist 361 00:19:16,600 --> 00:19:19,760 Speaker 2: and so she showed like, if you ever had athletes foot, 362 00:19:19,880 --> 00:19:23,200 Speaker 2: there's a microbiome's signature. If you've used like tough acting 363 00:19:23,240 --> 00:19:25,800 Speaker 2: to enacting or whatever the stuff for athletes foot, you 364 00:19:25,840 --> 00:19:28,919 Speaker 2: don't re establish those fun guy like you see a 365 00:19:29,000 --> 00:19:33,080 Speaker 2: different composition years later just because of that disruption to 366 00:19:33,160 --> 00:19:34,000 Speaker 2: your microbiome. 367 00:19:34,040 --> 00:19:36,360 Speaker 4: Okay, that's amazing. 368 00:19:36,560 --> 00:19:39,639 Speaker 2: Yeah, so that's cool. So that kind of shows that 369 00:19:39,720 --> 00:19:42,520 Speaker 2: you can make changes that can be super lasting. So 370 00:19:42,680 --> 00:19:44,720 Speaker 2: that also helps us understand why it's so important to 371 00:19:44,800 --> 00:19:48,160 Speaker 2: repopulate some of those key players when you lose them. 372 00:19:48,560 --> 00:19:53,480 Speaker 2: But yeah, when we introduce those players, like are we changing? 373 00:19:53,760 --> 00:19:56,080 Speaker 2: I guess I want to understand, like are we changing 374 00:19:56,359 --> 00:19:59,320 Speaker 2: the neighborhood? Like are we bringing in new people? Is 375 00:19:59,320 --> 00:20:02,080 Speaker 2: it like back to your gentrification or are we like 376 00:20:02,760 --> 00:20:05,159 Speaker 2: you know, like are we kicking out the other people 377 00:20:05,200 --> 00:20:07,120 Speaker 2: and bringing other folks in. Or are we just like 378 00:20:07,160 --> 00:20:09,760 Speaker 2: supplementing what's already there that don't normally exist. 379 00:20:10,160 --> 00:20:12,160 Speaker 4: No great question, And I would say for the vast 380 00:20:12,200 --> 00:20:14,840 Speaker 4: majority of probiotics that you might buy off the shelf 381 00:20:15,280 --> 00:20:19,480 Speaker 4: are strains you already have that humans already contain, but 382 00:20:19,720 --> 00:20:22,760 Speaker 4: in higher doses to really give your natural ones a boost. 383 00:20:23,080 --> 00:20:27,320 Speaker 4: There are a few even kind of genetically modified probiotics 384 00:20:27,359 --> 00:20:29,720 Speaker 4: that have been kind of boosted to give some extra 385 00:20:29,760 --> 00:20:32,959 Speaker 4: benefit of some kind. But for the vast majority, it's 386 00:20:33,000 --> 00:20:35,439 Speaker 4: strains we already have. And these are certain families that 387 00:20:35,480 --> 00:20:39,800 Speaker 4: are common, like Bifittobacter or Lactobacillus or some so these 388 00:20:39,840 --> 00:20:43,240 Speaker 4: are things that we already naturally produce, but something may 389 00:20:43,280 --> 00:20:46,800 Speaker 4: have caused us to not produce enough, whether it was antibatics. 390 00:20:46,800 --> 00:20:48,760 Speaker 4: I mean, it's interesting what you said about the long 391 00:20:48,840 --> 00:20:52,440 Speaker 4: lasting effect of the fungal antifungals. There are studies looking 392 00:20:52,520 --> 00:20:56,000 Speaker 4: at children who get antibotics in childhood, for let's say, 393 00:20:56,040 --> 00:20:59,840 Speaker 4: repeated ear infections twenty thirty years later have a higher 394 00:20:59,880 --> 00:21:03,520 Speaker 4: incidents of things like Crohn's disease or other autoimmune diseases, 395 00:21:03,560 --> 00:21:07,240 Speaker 4: so they can really have long lasting effects these disruptions 396 00:21:07,240 --> 00:21:10,240 Speaker 4: of the microbiome, which is why it is so important 397 00:21:10,240 --> 00:21:12,080 Speaker 4: to do everything you can to take care of your gut. 398 00:21:12,080 --> 00:21:14,080 Speaker 4: I mean, that's what prompted me to start ya day, 399 00:21:14,200 --> 00:21:16,240 Speaker 4: is this idea of what's a simple thing that we 400 00:21:16,280 --> 00:21:19,359 Speaker 4: can all be doing to really optimize our gut microbiome, 401 00:21:19,359 --> 00:21:22,160 Speaker 4: and that's increasing our fiber. So that's why I really 402 00:21:22,160 --> 00:21:25,560 Speaker 4: wanted to do this probatic blend of great fibers. But yes, 403 00:21:25,680 --> 00:21:27,840 Speaker 4: I think most of the time it's what you naturally have, 404 00:21:28,119 --> 00:21:30,119 Speaker 4: but you want to boost it and make sure you 405 00:21:30,119 --> 00:21:31,280 Speaker 4: have them enough amounts. 406 00:21:31,359 --> 00:21:34,720 Speaker 1: Okay, continuing along with that metaphor that Azekia just said 407 00:21:34,720 --> 00:21:38,960 Speaker 1: about the neighborhood. Yeah, when these probiotis come in, are 408 00:21:39,000 --> 00:21:43,760 Speaker 1: they fistfighting with the bacteria that's already in the neighborhood 409 00:21:43,960 --> 00:21:47,440 Speaker 1: or are they coexisting in a very happy relationship. 410 00:21:47,680 --> 00:21:49,840 Speaker 3: How does this work? How do they mix and mingle? 411 00:21:50,200 --> 00:21:54,000 Speaker 4: Yeah, so they're coexisting well with the nice neighbors. I 412 00:21:54,000 --> 00:21:57,880 Speaker 4: would say that they're competing for food with the bad neighbors, 413 00:21:58,080 --> 00:22:00,719 Speaker 4: and that's good because you want those bad to not 414 00:22:00,760 --> 00:22:03,320 Speaker 4: get enough food and start to diminish and die off 415 00:22:03,359 --> 00:22:05,920 Speaker 4: a little bit. So, Yes, they really kind of compliment 416 00:22:05,960 --> 00:22:09,000 Speaker 4: your good, healthy bacteria and keep the bad guys kind 417 00:22:09,000 --> 00:22:11,640 Speaker 4: of down to a minimum. That's how it usually works. 418 00:22:11,640 --> 00:22:14,520 Speaker 4: And another interesting point which I don't think we knew 419 00:22:14,560 --> 00:22:17,000 Speaker 4: in the very beginning. We kind of thought, oh, you 420 00:22:17,040 --> 00:22:20,120 Speaker 4: give someone probiotics, let's say for a week or even 421 00:22:20,119 --> 00:22:22,720 Speaker 4: a month, and then their body kind of takes over. 422 00:22:23,280 --> 00:22:25,880 Speaker 4: It now looks like you probably have to keep up 423 00:22:25,920 --> 00:22:30,000 Speaker 4: the supplementation for quite a while. It's not. It's something 424 00:22:30,040 --> 00:22:33,200 Speaker 4: that your body probably will need more long term, as 425 00:22:33,200 --> 00:22:36,160 Speaker 4: opposed to being able to then ramp up its own 426 00:22:36,200 --> 00:22:37,880 Speaker 4: production and take over on its own. 427 00:22:51,840 --> 00:22:54,600 Speaker 1: And preparation for this lab TT and I were talking 428 00:22:54,640 --> 00:22:58,119 Speaker 1: about understanding that in the same way that our immune 429 00:22:58,160 --> 00:23:01,439 Speaker 1: system gets stronger when it's exposed to things. Yeah, are 430 00:23:01,520 --> 00:23:04,800 Speaker 1: microbiome on the skin you know, when you first depending 431 00:23:04,840 --> 00:23:08,280 Speaker 1: on the method of delivery our birth into the world, 432 00:23:08,359 --> 00:23:11,399 Speaker 1: you have a transfer of the mother's skin microbiome to 433 00:23:11,440 --> 00:23:17,320 Speaker 1: the baby skin microbiome, right right, similar microbiome, the microbiome, 434 00:23:17,920 --> 00:23:21,600 Speaker 1: and when we think about colonizing that gut microbiome. And 435 00:23:21,640 --> 00:23:24,880 Speaker 1: I'm thinking about what you said about broad spectrum antibiotics 436 00:23:24,920 --> 00:23:28,159 Speaker 1: and also antibotics that are not topical, that are not 437 00:23:28,280 --> 00:23:30,960 Speaker 1: in one place, but that you may take orally as 438 00:23:31,000 --> 00:23:34,680 Speaker 1: a kid, that could destroy that gut microbiome. If we're 439 00:23:34,680 --> 00:23:37,600 Speaker 1: thinking about those first two years of life for kids 440 00:23:37,600 --> 00:23:40,720 Speaker 1: and how they're establishing their microbiome, but may be exposed, 441 00:23:40,840 --> 00:23:43,080 Speaker 1: especially in daycare, to so many things and so they 442 00:23:43,119 --> 00:23:46,040 Speaker 1: may be having to take antibiotics. Is there a case 443 00:23:46,119 --> 00:23:48,080 Speaker 1: for probiotics for kids. 444 00:23:47,720 --> 00:23:50,200 Speaker 2: And is it beyond yogurt because I feel like people 445 00:23:50,240 --> 00:23:55,400 Speaker 2: say kids got to eat a lot of yogurt, but I. 446 00:23:55,320 --> 00:23:57,760 Speaker 4: Think there definitely is a case for it. Yes, yogurt 447 00:23:57,800 --> 00:23:59,959 Speaker 4: is fabulous because it has calcium and all these other things, 448 00:24:00,160 --> 00:24:03,640 Speaker 4: and it does have a nice rich mix of diverse organism, 449 00:24:03,720 --> 00:24:07,080 Speaker 4: so that's good. But these days, exactly as you said, 450 00:24:07,200 --> 00:24:11,600 Speaker 4: because they're exposed to so many viruses and infections, A, 451 00:24:11,800 --> 00:24:15,400 Speaker 4: the probiotics can help with immunity overall, and B if 452 00:24:15,440 --> 00:24:18,280 Speaker 4: they are unfortunately going to have to take antibiotics, and 453 00:24:18,280 --> 00:24:20,639 Speaker 4: definitely we should always use them sparingly, whether it's for 454 00:24:20,720 --> 00:24:23,200 Speaker 4: kids or adults, but sometimes they need them. I think 455 00:24:23,240 --> 00:24:27,560 Speaker 4: probiotics definitely are an important component of keeping their microbiome healthy. 456 00:24:27,920 --> 00:24:31,560 Speaker 4: I mean, now they have infant formulas with probiotics. They're 457 00:24:31,600 --> 00:24:35,439 Speaker 4: even giving it to neonates with certain conditions like premies, 458 00:24:35,720 --> 00:24:38,520 Speaker 4: depending on what's going on. So I think we're learning 459 00:24:38,560 --> 00:24:41,560 Speaker 4: that it is extremely important for sure to boost the 460 00:24:41,600 --> 00:24:45,320 Speaker 4: microbiome as kids are developing. And I just again, this 461 00:24:45,359 --> 00:24:47,080 Speaker 4: is something I just find interesting that you were talking 462 00:24:47,119 --> 00:24:50,879 Speaker 4: about delivery and the mother passing on microbes to the 463 00:24:51,000 --> 00:24:53,200 Speaker 4: child and they have these. You may have come across 464 00:24:53,200 --> 00:24:56,320 Speaker 4: this in your research, but studies looking at babies born 465 00:24:56,600 --> 00:25:01,080 Speaker 4: with c sections versus vaginal delivery and how their microbiomes 466 00:25:01,080 --> 00:25:03,840 Speaker 4: are much less healthy if they're born through sea section. 467 00:25:04,400 --> 00:25:06,320 Speaker 4: So they actually did a study where even if the 468 00:25:06,320 --> 00:25:08,840 Speaker 4: baby was born with a sea section, they would take 469 00:25:08,960 --> 00:25:11,920 Speaker 4: some of the vaginal flora of their mother and put 470 00:25:11,960 --> 00:25:13,679 Speaker 4: it on the skin of the baby and try to 471 00:25:13,720 --> 00:25:16,640 Speaker 4: like boost their microbiome that way, and it actually did work. 472 00:25:16,760 --> 00:25:19,080 Speaker 2: Yeah, well, if you do have to have a c section. 473 00:25:19,119 --> 00:25:19,639 Speaker 4: Swab it. 474 00:25:19,880 --> 00:25:25,480 Speaker 2: Yeah, well only. 475 00:25:25,240 --> 00:25:29,879 Speaker 4: Women could have this discussion. I think, not loving it 476 00:25:29,960 --> 00:25:30,480 Speaker 4: right now, but. 477 00:25:30,960 --> 00:25:32,000 Speaker 3: That sounds amazing. 478 00:25:32,080 --> 00:25:34,720 Speaker 1: That sounds amazing to hear that you know, if you 479 00:25:34,760 --> 00:25:36,879 Speaker 1: do have to go through sea section, that this is 480 00:25:36,920 --> 00:25:37,800 Speaker 1: not something that you. 481 00:25:37,880 --> 00:25:40,199 Speaker 3: Miss out on the things you can do. Yes, I 482 00:25:40,280 --> 00:25:41,280 Speaker 3: love that. I love that. 483 00:25:41,720 --> 00:25:46,159 Speaker 1: My question is about probiotics as a cure for things. 484 00:25:47,520 --> 00:25:51,720 Speaker 1: Can it actually cure things? Because I mean, I see 485 00:25:51,760 --> 00:25:55,399 Speaker 1: a lot on TikTok and Instagram where people are saying 486 00:25:55,480 --> 00:25:57,400 Speaker 1: it could be a cure. But we wanted to talk 487 00:25:57,480 --> 00:26:00,480 Speaker 1: to an expert, someone who knows what they're talking about, 488 00:26:00,720 --> 00:26:03,640 Speaker 1: to tell us if it is possible for probiotic secure things, 489 00:26:03,680 --> 00:26:07,359 Speaker 1: what are they and then what are some misconceptions about 490 00:26:07,680 --> 00:26:10,600 Speaker 1: the impact of probiotics in some areas when it comes 491 00:26:10,640 --> 00:26:11,160 Speaker 1: to our health. 492 00:26:11,520 --> 00:26:14,399 Speaker 4: I will tell you as a gas terentrologist firsthand, I 493 00:26:14,440 --> 00:26:19,399 Speaker 4: have had many patients who either have severe bloating or 494 00:26:19,520 --> 00:26:23,440 Speaker 4: constipation or diarrhea, whole host of things, and they start 495 00:26:23,440 --> 00:26:26,840 Speaker 4: taking certain probiotics and they feel one hundred percent better. So, 496 00:26:27,400 --> 00:26:30,080 Speaker 4: just anecdotally, I can tell you that for some people 497 00:26:30,119 --> 00:26:34,080 Speaker 4: in some conditions it can definitely work. Now globally and 498 00:26:34,119 --> 00:26:36,679 Speaker 4: there are studies that show for certain conditions it works, 499 00:26:36,880 --> 00:26:40,160 Speaker 4: especially in the digestive tract. But like I was saying before, 500 00:26:40,200 --> 00:26:43,280 Speaker 4: in terms of other parts of our body, whether it's 501 00:26:43,440 --> 00:26:47,000 Speaker 4: depression or other conditions, even they're looking at things like 502 00:26:47,160 --> 00:26:51,679 Speaker 4: autism and Parkinson's and dementia. There, the research is still ongoing, 503 00:26:51,800 --> 00:26:54,080 Speaker 4: so I don't think we can conclusively say we have 504 00:26:54,200 --> 00:26:56,440 Speaker 4: cures yet. I think we can conclusively say there is 505 00:26:56,480 --> 00:27:00,000 Speaker 4: a connection between the microbiome and these conditions. But how 506 00:27:00,160 --> 00:27:02,080 Speaker 4: we come up with the cure yet, I don't think so. 507 00:27:02,200 --> 00:27:04,560 Speaker 4: I mean, there's a probiotic that they've done some good 508 00:27:04,560 --> 00:27:07,359 Speaker 4: studies on showing that it helps with blood sugar control. 509 00:27:07,520 --> 00:27:10,040 Speaker 4: So is this something that maybe not a cure, but 510 00:27:10,119 --> 00:27:13,360 Speaker 4: a method of really helping control diabetes. I think there 511 00:27:13,680 --> 00:27:16,080 Speaker 4: is some evidence for that, So I think that's more 512 00:27:16,119 --> 00:27:19,800 Speaker 4: of an ongoing story. But certainly within the digestive world 513 00:27:19,840 --> 00:27:22,440 Speaker 4: there are conditions where probatics have been shown to help. 514 00:27:23,080 --> 00:27:25,520 Speaker 4: But I just think probably over the next five to 515 00:27:25,560 --> 00:27:28,160 Speaker 4: ten years, we're going to see a lot more proof 516 00:27:28,200 --> 00:27:30,240 Speaker 4: points and a lot more conclusive evidence. 517 00:27:31,119 --> 00:27:36,119 Speaker 1: FDA has no indications that say probiotics are used to 518 00:27:36,160 --> 00:27:39,960 Speaker 1: treat this or can treat xyz. Yeah, but we also 519 00:27:40,000 --> 00:27:43,280 Speaker 1: know that sometimes the FDA is a large ship that 520 00:27:43,400 --> 00:27:44,720 Speaker 1: is slow turning. 521 00:27:45,000 --> 00:27:45,320 Speaker 3: Yeah. 522 00:27:45,440 --> 00:27:49,560 Speaker 2: Yeah, And so I think the question becomes without any 523 00:27:49,600 --> 00:27:53,919 Speaker 2: guidance or without something that has an ingredient or label 524 00:27:54,000 --> 00:27:57,680 Speaker 2: that says this will absolutely rebalance your skin microbiome where 525 00:27:57,720 --> 00:28:00,800 Speaker 2: this will help you not have embarrassed saying and stomach 526 00:28:00,880 --> 00:28:05,280 Speaker 2: rumbles in network? Right, How what should people be looking 527 00:28:05,280 --> 00:28:08,640 Speaker 2: for to know if a probiotic blend is for them. 528 00:28:08,800 --> 00:28:11,360 Speaker 4: I do think it helps to talk to an expert, 529 00:28:11,440 --> 00:28:15,600 Speaker 4: like whether that's your healthcare practitioner or maybe it's your dermatologist. 530 00:28:16,000 --> 00:28:18,159 Speaker 4: For me, when I'm looking at because I'm looking at 531 00:28:18,160 --> 00:28:21,119 Speaker 4: products all the time just for various reasons, to see 532 00:28:21,440 --> 00:28:23,879 Speaker 4: what people are doing, and I'll do a quick search. 533 00:28:23,920 --> 00:28:26,240 Speaker 4: I'll look at the strains and I'll do a quick 534 00:28:26,240 --> 00:28:28,480 Speaker 4: search of what is the science behind these strains, like 535 00:28:28,520 --> 00:28:32,040 Speaker 4: has this strain been shown to improve skin hydration or 536 00:28:32,960 --> 00:28:36,360 Speaker 4: improve acne, or has this strain been shown to help 537 00:28:36,359 --> 00:28:39,480 Speaker 4: with bloating. I think because like you said, there's so 538 00:28:39,680 --> 00:28:43,080 Speaker 4: many things out there, there's really no regulation it is, 539 00:28:43,320 --> 00:28:46,120 Speaker 4: it can be very confusing, and so it's hard to 540 00:28:46,160 --> 00:28:48,720 Speaker 4: give a blanket answer of oh, look for XYZ and 541 00:28:48,720 --> 00:28:50,520 Speaker 4: you're good. I think you have to really look at 542 00:28:50,520 --> 00:28:53,720 Speaker 4: the label always off the bat, it's generally better to 543 00:28:53,720 --> 00:28:56,560 Speaker 4: go with a reputable company, one that you can kind 544 00:28:56,560 --> 00:28:58,560 Speaker 4: of see where they're coming from. I mean, I think 545 00:28:58,680 --> 00:29:01,600 Speaker 4: one of the good news things about probiotics is there's 546 00:29:01,720 --> 00:29:06,680 Speaker 4: very little downside, so unlike many supplements, yeah, herbs and 547 00:29:06,720 --> 00:29:08,760 Speaker 4: things where you know, people think like, oh it's herbal, 548 00:29:08,800 --> 00:29:11,080 Speaker 4: it's all good, But herbs can cause liver failure, they 549 00:29:11,080 --> 00:29:15,920 Speaker 4: can cause all yeah, as you guys know, so to me. 550 00:29:16,800 --> 00:29:21,440 Speaker 4: Because probiotics usually are just a bacterial strain, there's usually 551 00:29:21,560 --> 00:29:23,960 Speaker 4: very little downside to it. But you want something that's 552 00:29:23,960 --> 00:29:26,000 Speaker 4: actually going to be effective for sure. 553 00:29:26,600 --> 00:29:28,880 Speaker 1: Just like we're talking about gut health, we want to 554 00:29:28,920 --> 00:29:33,120 Speaker 1: think about healthy skin. How do you define healthy skin? 555 00:29:33,280 --> 00:29:37,520 Speaker 1: And then how do topicals or probiotics work differently depending 556 00:29:37,560 --> 00:29:38,280 Speaker 1: on your skin type. 557 00:29:38,400 --> 00:29:40,680 Speaker 4: I mean, first of all, Toola, we always want to 558 00:29:40,840 --> 00:29:42,800 Speaker 4: make sure we're not trying to say everyone needs to 559 00:29:42,800 --> 00:29:45,200 Speaker 4: have perfect skin. There is no such thing as perfect skin, 560 00:29:45,240 --> 00:29:47,440 Speaker 4: and what you see on Instagram is usually not reality. 561 00:29:47,560 --> 00:29:51,160 Speaker 4: But generally, what we are aiming for with healthy skin 562 00:29:51,480 --> 00:29:55,720 Speaker 4: our skin that is not overly dried or irritated. Hydration 563 00:29:56,440 --> 00:29:59,560 Speaker 4: and irritation and dryness are the main things there. In 564 00:29:59,640 --> 00:30:03,640 Speaker 4: terms of topical probiotics, I think there are some topical 565 00:30:03,720 --> 00:30:07,200 Speaker 4: probiotic extracts that work very well for hydration. There are 566 00:30:07,240 --> 00:30:10,760 Speaker 4: others that specifically work for things like rosation and acne, 567 00:30:10,960 --> 00:30:13,440 Speaker 4: and those are one of those areas where there's a 568 00:30:13,440 --> 00:30:16,160 Speaker 4: lot of active research going on. But I think it's 569 00:30:16,200 --> 00:30:18,880 Speaker 4: different strains for different things. But for overall the average 570 00:30:18,880 --> 00:30:22,560 Speaker 4: person who doesn't have examo roseaesia acne but just wants 571 00:30:22,600 --> 00:30:26,160 Speaker 4: healthier skin or glowing, moist good skin, there are some 572 00:30:26,480 --> 00:30:29,600 Speaker 4: general families of bacteria that they can find that are 573 00:30:29,600 --> 00:30:30,040 Speaker 4: good for that. 574 00:30:30,280 --> 00:30:35,440 Speaker 1: Okay, you've covered so much. We talked about digestion for 575 00:30:35,560 --> 00:30:38,480 Speaker 1: the gut. We talked a little bit about the mind 576 00:30:38,480 --> 00:30:41,520 Speaker 1: gut access and like how that can effect mood and 577 00:30:41,720 --> 00:30:44,840 Speaker 1: mental health. But I'm curious if you have any breakthroughs 578 00:30:44,840 --> 00:30:47,200 Speaker 1: that you think are happening or that things that you're 579 00:30:47,240 --> 00:30:50,240 Speaker 1: seeing that feel like, oh, this is exciting around the 580 00:30:50,240 --> 00:30:52,680 Speaker 1: area of good bacteria, a good fun guy or good 581 00:30:52,760 --> 00:30:54,400 Speaker 1: microbes in medicine. 582 00:30:54,560 --> 00:30:57,640 Speaker 4: Yeah, I think the thing that I'm excited about, I'm 583 00:30:57,680 --> 00:31:01,800 Speaker 4: so excited about just more and more research on interventions 584 00:31:01,880 --> 00:31:04,400 Speaker 4: using probiotics. Like I said, I don't think we're that 585 00:31:04,440 --> 00:31:08,880 Speaker 4: far away from an antidepressant probiotic, which would have all 586 00:31:08,920 --> 00:31:11,720 Speaker 4: the benefits and none of the side effects of antidepressants. 587 00:31:11,800 --> 00:31:13,440 Speaker 4: Right now, you know, so I think that would be 588 00:31:13,720 --> 00:31:16,960 Speaker 4: just revolutionary given the mental health crisis we're going through 589 00:31:17,000 --> 00:31:18,960 Speaker 4: at the moment. But one of the things I'm really 590 00:31:18,960 --> 00:31:22,040 Speaker 4: excited about is this idea of taking a probiotic, a 591 00:31:22,080 --> 00:31:25,960 Speaker 4: healthy bacteria, and basically modifying it in a way that 592 00:31:26,040 --> 00:31:28,840 Speaker 4: it can deliver, like you said, some kind of other 593 00:31:28,920 --> 00:31:32,520 Speaker 4: benefit that it wasn't actually naturally intended to do, but 594 00:31:32,640 --> 00:31:36,640 Speaker 4: something positive. So, for example, there's a bacteria that they're 595 00:31:36,680 --> 00:31:39,680 Speaker 4: working on to help with lactose intolerance or even with 596 00:31:39,760 --> 00:31:43,440 Speaker 4: silliact disease, which you know, gluten intolerance. So ways to 597 00:31:43,560 --> 00:31:45,720 Speaker 4: modify these bacteria so that if you take it, you're 598 00:31:45,760 --> 00:31:48,880 Speaker 4: actually able to process gluten or able to process lactose, 599 00:31:49,160 --> 00:31:53,720 Speaker 4: things like that. Really engineering these bacteria to serve even 600 00:31:53,760 --> 00:31:56,400 Speaker 4: more purpose than they already do. That's something I'm very 601 00:31:56,400 --> 00:31:58,720 Speaker 4: excited about, for sure. And I think you know you 602 00:31:58,800 --> 00:32:00,600 Speaker 4: mentioned gout mind. I don't think we talked about it 603 00:32:00,600 --> 00:32:03,400 Speaker 4: that much, but I do think that's probably the next 604 00:32:03,440 --> 00:32:07,200 Speaker 4: front here, is really getting more into that gut mind connection, 605 00:32:07,360 --> 00:32:09,880 Speaker 4: because I mean, it's very real. If you've ever had 606 00:32:09,920 --> 00:32:12,120 Speaker 4: butterflies in your stomach, you know that it's real. But 607 00:32:12,160 --> 00:32:14,760 Speaker 4: it goes well beyond that, and how do we what 608 00:32:14,880 --> 00:32:18,120 Speaker 4: are ways we can modulate our mood by really modulating 609 00:32:18,160 --> 00:32:20,000 Speaker 4: what's going on in our gut. I think that could 610 00:32:20,040 --> 00:32:23,920 Speaker 4: be so fascinating. And they're even studies looking at personality 611 00:32:23,960 --> 00:32:27,480 Speaker 4: differences when you change the microbiome, like making someone who 612 00:32:27,600 --> 00:32:30,600 Speaker 4: shine more outgoing or vice versa. Like, there's just so 613 00:32:30,760 --> 00:32:33,880 Speaker 4: much fertile ground there for exploration, so I'm excited to 614 00:32:33,880 --> 00:32:35,160 Speaker 4: see where where that goes. 615 00:32:35,840 --> 00:32:41,200 Speaker 1: Wow, so we you can make yourself healthier, happier or outgoing, 616 00:32:41,440 --> 00:32:48,520 Speaker 1: exactly better skin, better hairs. 617 00:32:46,200 --> 00:32:48,280 Speaker 3: All these different things. It's amazing. 618 00:32:49,000 --> 00:32:51,080 Speaker 1: So if someone is listening right now and they're like, 619 00:32:51,320 --> 00:32:53,640 Speaker 1: oh my gosh, I've learned so much about probiotics now 620 00:32:53,680 --> 00:32:57,360 Speaker 1: I know that, you know, probiotics can really help me 621 00:32:57,440 --> 00:33:01,040 Speaker 1: with certain things that I'm experiencing. They what's the first 622 00:33:01,080 --> 00:33:03,360 Speaker 1: step do they take that they should take? How do 623 00:33:03,440 --> 00:33:05,160 Speaker 1: they know what probiotic to use? 624 00:33:05,560 --> 00:33:07,840 Speaker 4: So, as I was saying before, I would start with 625 00:33:07,880 --> 00:33:10,720 Speaker 4: probiotics because that we know is going to fuel the 626 00:33:10,760 --> 00:33:13,960 Speaker 4: growth of all your good bacteria. So probatics you definitely 627 00:33:14,000 --> 00:33:18,520 Speaker 4: can find in your diet, things like artichokes, apricots, almonds, 628 00:33:18,600 --> 00:33:21,680 Speaker 4: many different sources of fiber or good sources of probiotics. Okay, 629 00:33:21,720 --> 00:33:24,120 Speaker 4: you can also find a lot of probiotic rich foods 630 00:33:24,120 --> 00:33:26,760 Speaker 4: in your diet. So I have yogurt every day, yogurt 631 00:33:26,760 --> 00:33:30,640 Speaker 4: with live and active cultures. But things like kimchi, miso, sauerkraut, 632 00:33:31,280 --> 00:33:34,400 Speaker 4: fermented pickles, kafir I think you guys mentioned, or kombucha. 633 00:33:34,480 --> 00:33:36,880 Speaker 4: So there are different ways to get probiotics in. And 634 00:33:36,920 --> 00:33:39,880 Speaker 4: then yes, taking a probatic supplement and or a probiotic 635 00:33:39,920 --> 00:33:42,760 Speaker 4: supplement is also a great way to ensure you're getting that. 636 00:33:42,840 --> 00:33:45,239 Speaker 4: You know, when we talk about fiber, it's thought that 637 00:33:45,320 --> 00:33:48,440 Speaker 4: over ninety percent of Americans don't get the recommended amount 638 00:33:48,440 --> 00:33:51,520 Speaker 4: of fiber, so most of us are fiber deprived and 639 00:33:51,600 --> 00:33:55,040 Speaker 4: can use more, and it's so important to boost our microbio. 640 00:33:55,360 --> 00:33:57,280 Speaker 4: But then the other just last thing I'll say is 641 00:33:57,640 --> 00:34:00,160 Speaker 4: we're talking a lot about diet and supplements, but there 642 00:34:00,160 --> 00:34:02,480 Speaker 4: are a lot of other things that affect your microbiomes. 643 00:34:02,520 --> 00:34:06,920 Speaker 4: So stress can cause imbalances in your microbiomes. Sleep deprivation 644 00:34:07,040 --> 00:34:09,440 Speaker 4: can do it, lack of exercise can do it. So 645 00:34:09,520 --> 00:34:13,000 Speaker 4: you want to be thinking holistically about your lifestyle because 646 00:34:13,040 --> 00:34:16,920 Speaker 4: all of those things can either positively or negatively affect 647 00:34:16,920 --> 00:34:19,600 Speaker 4: your microbiomes, so make sure you're paying attention to all 648 00:34:19,600 --> 00:34:20,880 Speaker 4: aspects of your lifestyle. 649 00:34:21,680 --> 00:34:22,399 Speaker 3: Such a good point. 650 00:34:22,600 --> 00:34:24,560 Speaker 1: If you're worried about your skin care, you should worry 651 00:34:24,600 --> 00:34:28,560 Speaker 1: about your gut care as well, and your tire microbiome. 652 00:34:28,640 --> 00:34:31,040 Speaker 1: That's correct, that's such good advice. 653 00:34:36,120 --> 00:34:36,480 Speaker 3: All right. 654 00:34:36,520 --> 00:34:40,200 Speaker 2: So tt here's what we learn. Probatics are the good bacteria. 655 00:34:40,520 --> 00:34:44,120 Speaker 2: Probiotics are the fiber that feeds them. Post Biotics are 656 00:34:44,160 --> 00:34:49,080 Speaker 2: the byproducts, the useful leftovers out of those bacteria, and symbiotics, well, 657 00:34:49,160 --> 00:34:50,879 Speaker 2: that's a burger fries. It's a combo meal. 658 00:34:54,280 --> 00:34:58,160 Speaker 1: But the big takeaway your microbiome matter is not just 659 00:34:58,200 --> 00:35:01,360 Speaker 1: for your gut, but for your skin, mood, even your sleep. 660 00:35:01,520 --> 00:35:04,120 Speaker 1: And while the science is still catching up on exactly 661 00:35:04,280 --> 00:35:08,080 Speaker 1: how to optimize it, we know this fiber is your friend. 662 00:35:08,520 --> 00:35:12,200 Speaker 1: Probiotics can help, but not all blends are created equal, 663 00:35:12,680 --> 00:35:17,839 Speaker 1: and your lifestyle, sleep, stress, exercise, all that affects your microbiome. 664 00:35:18,440 --> 00:35:21,840 Speaker 2: So whether you're here for the yogurt, komuncha or the skincare, 665 00:35:22,520 --> 00:35:25,920 Speaker 2: just remember that bacteria more than just germs. They might 666 00:35:25,920 --> 00:35:27,480 Speaker 2: be your body's best kept secret. 667 00:35:27,760 --> 00:35:28,880 Speaker 3: See y'all next time. 668 00:35:40,200 --> 00:35:42,320 Speaker 2: Special thanks to Doctor Raj, who can be found to 669 00:35:42,400 --> 00:35:44,640 Speaker 2: her website gut Renovation dot net. 670 00:35:46,440 --> 00:35:49,319 Speaker 1: You can find us on X and Instagram at Dope 671 00:35:49,400 --> 00:35:51,319 Speaker 1: Labs podcast, tt is. 672 00:35:51,320 --> 00:35:54,200 Speaker 2: On X and Instagram at dr Underscore, T s. 673 00:35:54,320 --> 00:35:57,360 Speaker 3: H O, and you can find Takiya at z said So. 674 00:35:57,760 --> 00:35:59,960 Speaker 2: Dope Labs is a production of Lemonada Media. 675 00:36:00,280 --> 00:36:04,880 Speaker 1: Our senior supervising producer is Kristin Lapour and our associate 676 00:36:04,920 --> 00:36:07,120 Speaker 1: producer is Isara Savez. 677 00:36:07,719 --> 00:36:11,440 Speaker 2: Dope Labs is sound design, edited and mixed by James Farber. 678 00:36:12,120 --> 00:36:16,320 Speaker 2: Leimonada Media's Vice President of Partnerships and Production is Jackie Danziger. 679 00:36:17,000 --> 00:36:21,120 Speaker 2: Executive producer from iHeart Podcast is Katrina Norvil. Marketing lead 680 00:36:21,320 --> 00:36:22,200 Speaker 2: is Alison Kanter. 681 00:36:22,960 --> 00:36:27,200 Speaker 1: Original music composed and produced by Taka Yatsuzawa and Alex 682 00:36:27,239 --> 00:36:32,200 Speaker 1: sugi Ura, with additional music by Elijah Harvey. Dope Lab 683 00:36:32,320 --> 00:36:35,719 Speaker 1: is executive produced by US T T Show Dia and 684 00:36:35,880 --> 00:36:36,640 Speaker 1: Nikia Wattley.