1 00:00:01,280 --> 00:00:04,000 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff You Missed in History Class, a production 2 00:00:04,120 --> 00:00:13,319 Speaker 1: of I Heart Radios How Stuff Works. Hello. Everyone. Back 3 00:00:13,440 --> 00:00:16,840 Speaker 1: in November, we went on tour with three stocks in Texas, 4 00:00:17,079 --> 00:00:19,560 Speaker 1: and we had an episode that covered a brief history 5 00:00:19,600 --> 00:00:23,640 Speaker 1: of barbecue for that tour. So the version of that 6 00:00:23,640 --> 00:00:25,919 Speaker 1: that we're sharing with you today was recorded in the 7 00:00:25,960 --> 00:00:28,080 Speaker 1: first stop on the tour, which was Austin. That was 8 00:00:28,120 --> 00:00:30,520 Speaker 1: just the one that had the cleanest audio quality after 9 00:00:30,560 --> 00:00:36,920 Speaker 1: we had listened to it, So enjoy, Hello, and welcome 10 00:00:36,960 --> 00:00:39,360 Speaker 1: to the podcast. I'm Tracy Ve, You Wilson, and I'm 11 00:00:39,400 --> 00:00:46,600 Speaker 1: Holly Fry. Usually when we're on tour, we are going 12 00:00:46,600 --> 00:00:52,480 Speaker 1: to several different cities in different states and normally distinctly 13 00:00:52,479 --> 00:00:54,960 Speaker 1: different parts of the country, like they might be all 14 00:00:55,000 --> 00:00:58,040 Speaker 1: on the same coast. But you know, Massachusetts is not 15 00:00:58,120 --> 00:01:01,840 Speaker 1: the same as Georgia for examt ample. Yeah, it's weird. 16 00:01:01,960 --> 00:01:03,760 Speaker 1: I mean, I've lived in both of those places, so 17 00:01:03,800 --> 00:01:07,039 Speaker 1: I feel like I can vouch um. So there's not 18 00:01:07,360 --> 00:01:10,000 Speaker 1: often a topic that seems like it could unite all 19 00:01:10,080 --> 00:01:12,960 Speaker 1: the places that we're going on a tour, but this 20 00:01:13,040 --> 00:01:16,080 Speaker 1: tour is three different cities in Texas, so we thought 21 00:01:16,160 --> 00:01:19,800 Speaker 1: maybe we would try to find something a little more texasy. 22 00:01:20,760 --> 00:01:23,959 Speaker 1: After some discussion, we landed on the possibly life threatening 23 00:01:24,000 --> 00:01:31,400 Speaker 1: decision of barbecue. I may have told my lift driver 24 00:01:31,520 --> 00:01:36,440 Speaker 1: that's what we were talking about. He was like, as like, Ken, 25 00:01:36,560 --> 00:01:38,000 Speaker 1: if I need you, if I can I get your 26 00:01:38,040 --> 00:01:39,760 Speaker 1: numbers so you can call me for a quick getaway 27 00:01:39,760 --> 00:01:43,559 Speaker 1: of stuff goes south. Yeah. So normally we just picked 28 00:01:43,560 --> 00:01:45,160 Speaker 1: something that sounds like it's going to be fun, and 29 00:01:45,200 --> 00:01:47,960 Speaker 1: then sometimes in the process we realize it's kind of complicated. 30 00:01:48,000 --> 00:01:52,480 Speaker 1: And also with barbecue, fund maybe also kind of complicated. Uh. 31 00:01:52,840 --> 00:01:56,040 Speaker 1: We totally recognize that there are people who don't like 32 00:01:56,240 --> 00:01:58,840 Speaker 1: barbecue or don't eat meat at all, and there are 33 00:01:58,880 --> 00:02:03,320 Speaker 1: plenty of like atical and uh, environmental reasons to reduce 34 00:02:03,360 --> 00:02:07,440 Speaker 1: the amount of meat that we we understand all of this. Um, 35 00:02:07,480 --> 00:02:10,920 Speaker 1: but the story of barbecue is really intimately tied to 36 00:02:11,240 --> 00:02:15,040 Speaker 1: language and history and culture, especially in the South, especially 37 00:02:15,040 --> 00:02:20,040 Speaker 1: in Texas, maybe extra especially in Austin. I think the 38 00:02:20,120 --> 00:02:22,320 Speaker 1: first thing that my lift driver said to me when 39 00:02:22,320 --> 00:02:24,320 Speaker 1: I got in the car was eat some barbecue while 40 00:02:24,320 --> 00:02:28,760 Speaker 1: you're here. Um. Obviously, there are all kinds of barbecue 41 00:02:28,800 --> 00:02:31,800 Speaker 1: styles found all over the world, but the focus and 42 00:02:31,840 --> 00:02:35,000 Speaker 1: what we're talking about today is really on the United States, 43 00:02:35,520 --> 00:02:40,200 Speaker 1: specifically the lower forty eight. So even without getting into 44 00:02:40,240 --> 00:02:45,240 Speaker 1: things like Korean bulgogai or Brazilian shiasco or South African bray, 45 00:02:46,040 --> 00:02:49,120 Speaker 1: talking about barbecue is like walking into a linguistic and 46 00:02:49,200 --> 00:02:52,880 Speaker 1: pedantic mind field. Um. And that is not as some 47 00:02:52,919 --> 00:02:56,520 Speaker 1: people might think, just because there are people who were 48 00:02:56,560 --> 00:02:59,840 Speaker 1: just gonna as politely as possibly called ignorant jerk faces 49 00:03:00,360 --> 00:03:04,239 Speaker 1: um that like to claim that everyone else is ruining 50 00:03:04,280 --> 00:03:08,639 Speaker 1: the language with their non understanding of what true barbecue is. Uh. 51 00:03:08,880 --> 00:03:10,639 Speaker 1: You know, you all have your steaks in the ground, 52 00:03:10,639 --> 00:03:13,160 Speaker 1: it's for sure for sure. Um. Here is a quick 53 00:03:13,200 --> 00:03:16,720 Speaker 1: list of some of the things that people argue about 54 00:03:16,800 --> 00:03:20,280 Speaker 1: when it comes to the word barbecue. Um. Whether it's 55 00:03:20,320 --> 00:03:25,639 Speaker 1: a noun or a verb. Whether it means a style 56 00:03:25,720 --> 00:03:28,560 Speaker 1: of cooking or a food that has been cooked using 57 00:03:28,600 --> 00:03:34,000 Speaker 1: that style, whether barbecue and grill or synonyms. Whether it 58 00:03:34,080 --> 00:03:39,800 Speaker 1: involves cooking yeah, a c We're gonna get there, um, 59 00:03:39,840 --> 00:03:43,640 Speaker 1: Whether it involves cooking over direct or indirect heat. What 60 00:03:43,840 --> 00:03:46,520 Speaker 1: kind of fuel is used for the flame and if 61 00:03:46,560 --> 00:03:49,960 Speaker 1: that fuel is would what kind of wood? Also the 62 00:03:50,120 --> 00:03:53,040 Speaker 1: ingredients and what's in the sauce and whether the word 63 00:03:53,080 --> 00:03:57,760 Speaker 1: barbecue has a C or a Q in it. We 64 00:03:57,800 --> 00:04:01,120 Speaker 1: could go on, there's so much space for pedantry. But really, 65 00:04:01,680 --> 00:04:04,360 Speaker 1: the word barbecue has been both a noun and a 66 00:04:04,480 --> 00:04:07,600 Speaker 1: verb for almost four hundred years uh, and it's had 67 00:04:07,680 --> 00:04:11,080 Speaker 1: multiple definitions going all the way back to its first 68 00:04:11,200 --> 00:04:14,360 Speaker 1: use in the English language. And some of those definitions 69 00:04:14,480 --> 00:04:16,880 Speaker 1: really don't actually have much to do with food or 70 00:04:16,920 --> 00:04:20,840 Speaker 1: cooking at all. Yes, So, the most widely accepted explanation 71 00:04:20,920 --> 00:04:23,440 Speaker 1: for where the word barbecue comes from is that it 72 00:04:23,440 --> 00:04:27,480 Speaker 1: started with the Spanish word barbecoa, which today English speakers 73 00:04:27,560 --> 00:04:30,080 Speaker 1: might more associate with kind of a slow cooked, spicy, 74 00:04:30,120 --> 00:04:33,279 Speaker 1: shredded meat. In this case, though, we're talking about a 75 00:04:33,480 --> 00:04:38,320 Speaker 1: term that Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo di uh Ivadez said 76 00:04:38,360 --> 00:04:41,560 Speaker 1: that he learned from the indigenous Chino people of the Caribbean. 77 00:04:41,880 --> 00:04:44,839 Speaker 1: He traveled back and forth between Spain and the America's 78 00:04:44,880 --> 00:04:47,599 Speaker 1: a bunch of times in the sixteenth century. He wrote 79 00:04:47,640 --> 00:04:52,039 Speaker 1: books on multiple subjects, including Spain's colonial conquest, and in 80 00:04:52,400 --> 00:04:56,799 Speaker 1: his fifteen twenty six General and Natural History of the Indies, 81 00:04:57,160 --> 00:05:01,520 Speaker 1: he used this word barbacoa to describe a raised frame 82 00:05:01,560 --> 00:05:05,280 Speaker 1: of sticks used to store grain. Uh. He was the 83 00:05:05,320 --> 00:05:08,480 Speaker 1: first person to use this term in writing. It's not 84 00:05:08,560 --> 00:05:11,440 Speaker 1: quite his mouth watering is the way we think of 85 00:05:11,480 --> 00:05:15,760 Speaker 1: it today. Soon other Spanish writers were using this same 86 00:05:15,760 --> 00:05:19,000 Speaker 1: word to describe similar things that they saw in other 87 00:05:19,040 --> 00:05:22,159 Speaker 1: parts of the America's Here's an example from an account 88 00:05:22,160 --> 00:05:25,039 Speaker 1: of Hernando de Soto's expeditions, which was written in fifteen 89 00:05:25,080 --> 00:05:29,640 Speaker 1: forty and describing what is now southwestern Georgia. Quote, maize 90 00:05:29,800 --> 00:05:32,000 Speaker 1: is kept in a barbacoa, which is a house with 91 00:05:32,040 --> 00:05:35,600 Speaker 1: wooden sides, like a room, raised aloft on four posts, 92 00:05:35,640 --> 00:05:38,920 Speaker 1: and has a floor of cane. So explain that at 93 00:05:38,920 --> 00:05:43,880 Speaker 1: the food truck. Eventually, this word did make its way 94 00:05:43,920 --> 00:05:47,560 Speaker 1: into English and early chroniclers, and both English and Spanish 95 00:05:47,560 --> 00:05:51,279 Speaker 1: and other languages as well all used barbacoa for other 96 00:05:51,880 --> 00:05:55,720 Speaker 1: reasons besides just storing grain, including sitting on it and 97 00:05:55,800 --> 00:05:59,880 Speaker 1: sleeping on it. And yeah, that last one is actually 98 00:06:00,040 --> 00:06:02,840 Speaker 1: what the word barbecue meant in its first written use 99 00:06:02,880 --> 00:06:07,120 Speaker 1: in English. In his nine seven Voyage around the World, 100 00:06:07,320 --> 00:06:10,840 Speaker 1: the English pirate and explorer William damp Here wrote, quote 101 00:06:11,320 --> 00:06:14,120 Speaker 1: the twelfth, in the morning, we crossed a deep river, 102 00:06:14,279 --> 00:06:17,320 Speaker 1: passing over it on a tree and marched seven mile 103 00:06:17,480 --> 00:06:20,520 Speaker 1: in a low, swampy ground, and came upon the side 104 00:06:20,520 --> 00:06:23,400 Speaker 1: of a great deep river, but could not get over. 105 00:06:24,200 --> 00:06:27,160 Speaker 1: We built huts upon its banks and lay there all 106 00:06:27,279 --> 00:06:33,960 Speaker 1: night upon our barbecues or frames of sticks raised about 107 00:06:34,000 --> 00:06:36,760 Speaker 1: three foot from the ground. I have to say, as 108 00:06:36,920 --> 00:06:40,760 Speaker 1: somebody who might be like, I'm guessing nine percent reptile DNA, 109 00:06:41,000 --> 00:06:44,320 Speaker 1: this doesn't sound bad to me. Um, I would probably 110 00:06:44,320 --> 00:06:47,240 Speaker 1: sleep on a barbecue, because I'm cold blooded. Other writers 111 00:06:47,360 --> 00:06:50,919 Speaker 1: in the sixteenth century also described people in the Caribbean 112 00:06:50,960 --> 00:06:54,800 Speaker 1: and southern North America using the same or similar barbecua 113 00:06:54,839 --> 00:06:58,080 Speaker 1: frames to cook food, typically fish or some kind of 114 00:06:58,080 --> 00:07:02,520 Speaker 1: what is apparently my people lizards um like iguanas or crocodile, 115 00:07:02,760 --> 00:07:06,560 Speaker 1: And eventually that sense of use carried over into the 116 00:07:06,600 --> 00:07:09,640 Speaker 1: English word barbecue as well, both as a noun to 117 00:07:09,720 --> 00:07:12,960 Speaker 1: describe the frame itself and as a verb to describe 118 00:07:12,960 --> 00:07:17,160 Speaker 1: cooking on that frame. But the first written word barbecue 119 00:07:17,320 --> 00:07:20,760 Speaker 1: as a verb in English still isn't exactly about food. 120 00:07:21,360 --> 00:07:25,760 Speaker 1: It's from a play by past podcast subject Afra Ben, 121 00:07:26,000 --> 00:07:29,160 Speaker 1: and that play is called The Widow Ranter or The 122 00:07:29,320 --> 00:07:33,559 Speaker 1: History of Bacon in Virginia. Not that kind of Bacon. 123 00:07:33,720 --> 00:07:36,679 Speaker 1: It's not that kind of Bacon. The play is about 124 00:07:36,680 --> 00:07:40,480 Speaker 1: a different previous podcast subject, which was Bacon's rebellion, so 125 00:07:40,520 --> 00:07:43,880 Speaker 1: we have like multiple previous podcast in that one sentence, 126 00:07:44,000 --> 00:07:47,560 Speaker 1: all roads lead to barbecue apparently. Um. In Act two, 127 00:07:47,640 --> 00:07:51,080 Speaker 1: seen four of that play, Colonel Wellman, deputy governor, is 128 00:07:51,120 --> 00:07:54,600 Speaker 1: trying to take Nathaniel Bacon into custody as a rebel, 129 00:07:55,000 --> 00:07:58,720 Speaker 1: but Bacon is defended by a rabble, which beats back 130 00:07:58,760 --> 00:08:02,120 Speaker 1: Wellman's guards before Bacon steals one of the rebbels swords 131 00:08:02,160 --> 00:08:05,400 Speaker 1: and turns them back. The rabble does not give up 132 00:08:05,440 --> 00:08:09,760 Speaker 1: and shouts, let's barbecue this fat rogue, uh, meaning the 133 00:08:09,840 --> 00:08:12,400 Speaker 1: deputy governor, and Bacon tells them to be gone, but 134 00:08:12,480 --> 00:08:15,680 Speaker 1: Wellman says, quote, I'd rather perish by my meanest hand 135 00:08:16,000 --> 00:08:20,600 Speaker 1: than oh, my safety poorly to this Bacon. Uh. That 136 00:08:20,640 --> 00:08:23,200 Speaker 1: should be this to Bacon. But it's funnier the way 137 00:08:23,200 --> 00:08:26,240 Speaker 1: I said it accidentally. Uh. And Bacon is like aces 138 00:08:26,360 --> 00:08:29,440 Speaker 1: and he rolls out with the rabble. I like how 139 00:08:29,480 --> 00:08:31,920 Speaker 1: the idea of being saved by Nathaniel Bacon is so 140 00:08:32,040 --> 00:08:35,480 Speaker 1: objectionable to Wellman that he's just like, just let me die. Though. Yeah, 141 00:08:35,559 --> 00:08:39,600 Speaker 1: it's okay, just kill me. So this play was written 142 00:08:39,600 --> 00:08:42,320 Speaker 1: in six nine. That means by that point the word 143 00:08:42,360 --> 00:08:45,320 Speaker 1: barbecue was commonly known enough in England to show up 144 00:08:45,360 --> 00:08:47,000 Speaker 1: in a play and have the audience know what they 145 00:08:47,000 --> 00:08:48,920 Speaker 1: were talking about. But at the same time, this still 146 00:08:49,000 --> 00:08:52,440 Speaker 1: is not really about food. It's more like they're calling 147 00:08:52,480 --> 00:08:55,480 Speaker 1: for a wellman to be tarred and feathered. And also 148 00:08:55,760 --> 00:08:58,160 Speaker 1: for anybody who is hung up on whether it is 149 00:08:58,200 --> 00:09:01,520 Speaker 1: fell barbecue with a sea or a key afra ben 150 00:09:01,600 --> 00:09:04,240 Speaker 1: in that instance spelled it with a sea, and other 151 00:09:04,320 --> 00:09:08,360 Speaker 1: spellings in its earliest English uses include barbecue that's with 152 00:09:08,400 --> 00:09:13,160 Speaker 1: an o or barbecue with no e. So see you 153 00:09:13,440 --> 00:09:17,440 Speaker 1: and that's it. So you will find this evolution from 154 00:09:17,520 --> 00:09:21,400 Speaker 1: barbecoa meaning a frame to sleep on or store things 155 00:09:21,480 --> 00:09:25,280 Speaker 1: on or cook food on, to barbecue meaning that thing 156 00:09:25,320 --> 00:09:27,640 Speaker 1: I just said, or cooking the food on the frame 157 00:09:27,760 --> 00:09:30,120 Speaker 1: or eventually the food itself. You find that progression all 158 00:09:30,160 --> 00:09:32,360 Speaker 1: over the place. That's pretty much how it's described most 159 00:09:32,400 --> 00:09:36,200 Speaker 1: of the time, but there are some naysayers about whether 160 00:09:36,240 --> 00:09:39,000 Speaker 1: that's correct, and some of them are more logical than others. 161 00:09:39,440 --> 00:09:43,040 Speaker 1: In eighteen twenty nine, the National Intelligencer printed an article 162 00:09:43,080 --> 00:09:48,480 Speaker 1: that called Andrew Jackson's supporters of barbecues because they were 163 00:09:48,559 --> 00:09:51,640 Speaker 1: quote going the whole hog from the beard barbed to 164 00:09:51,720 --> 00:09:56,160 Speaker 1: the q tail. Uh. Some people got kind of glammed 165 00:09:56,240 --> 00:09:58,880 Speaker 1: onto that as meaning that there was a French origin 166 00:09:59,000 --> 00:10:01,040 Speaker 1: for the word barbecue. And you'll still see that in 167 00:10:01,080 --> 00:10:03,560 Speaker 1: some places most of the time. When you do see it, 168 00:10:03,800 --> 00:10:06,440 Speaker 1: there's also a note that that's probably not correct. The 169 00:10:06,559 --> 00:10:14,120 Speaker 1: Oxford English Dictionary calls it an absurd conjecture. The French 170 00:10:14,160 --> 00:10:18,000 Speaker 1: would never put meat on a spit, for one thing. Um. 171 00:10:18,160 --> 00:10:21,840 Speaker 1: Culinary historian Michael Twitty has also noted that in the 172 00:10:22,000 --> 00:10:25,600 Speaker 1: house a language which is spoken in northern Nigeria, Babaka 173 00:10:25,800 --> 00:10:27,760 Speaker 1: which is spelled b a b b a k e, 174 00:10:27,920 --> 00:10:30,600 Speaker 1: is used to describe a number of things having to 175 00:10:30,640 --> 00:10:33,520 Speaker 1: do with grilling or toasting or cooking over a fire. 176 00:10:34,320 --> 00:10:37,960 Speaker 1: And then there's Professor Andrew Warrants of the University of Leeds, 177 00:10:37,960 --> 00:10:41,520 Speaker 1: and he wrote a book called Savage Barbecue, Race, Culture, 178 00:10:41,559 --> 00:10:45,319 Speaker 1: and the Invention of America's First Food, and he takes uh, 179 00:10:45,440 --> 00:10:49,000 Speaker 1: he traces that connotation from barbecoa to barbecue like other 180 00:10:49,000 --> 00:10:50,960 Speaker 1: people a lot of other people have done, but he 181 00:10:51,040 --> 00:10:53,360 Speaker 1: makes a slightly different argument and it's a little more 182 00:10:53,440 --> 00:10:55,280 Speaker 1: involved than we can get into you tonight, because he 183 00:10:55,320 --> 00:10:59,000 Speaker 1: wrote an entire book chapter on this argument. But basically 184 00:10:59,000 --> 00:11:02,199 Speaker 1: he points out that we shouldn't just discount the idea 185 00:11:02,280 --> 00:11:05,280 Speaker 1: that the word barbecue also has some connection to the 186 00:11:05,280 --> 00:11:08,280 Speaker 1: word barbaric, because that kind of reflects back to how 187 00:11:08,320 --> 00:11:11,840 Speaker 1: the European colonists were viewing the people of the Caribbean 188 00:11:11,880 --> 00:11:14,320 Speaker 1: and North America who had been cooking over the fire 189 00:11:14,559 --> 00:11:18,679 Speaker 1: when they first got there. So, regardless of the exact etymology, 190 00:11:18,679 --> 00:11:22,040 Speaker 1: English people on both sides of the Atlantic definitely described 191 00:11:22,120 --> 00:11:26,080 Speaker 1: barbecuing as an indigenous method of food preparation well into 192 00:11:26,120 --> 00:11:29,840 Speaker 1: the eighteenth century. For example, on August eighteenth of seventeen 193 00:11:29,880 --> 00:11:33,160 Speaker 1: fifty eight, during the French and Indian War, George Washington 194 00:11:33,240 --> 00:11:35,800 Speaker 1: wrote a letter to Colonel Henry Bouquet in which he 195 00:11:35,840 --> 00:11:39,040 Speaker 1: talked about the provisioning of his troops and he said, quote, 196 00:11:39,200 --> 00:11:42,320 Speaker 1: we have not an ounce assault provision of any kind here, 197 00:11:42,640 --> 00:11:45,679 Speaker 1: and it is impossible to preserve the fresh especially as 198 00:11:45,720 --> 00:11:48,959 Speaker 1: we have no salt by any other means than barbecuing 199 00:11:48,960 --> 00:11:52,439 Speaker 1: it in the Indian manner. In doing this, nearly half 200 00:11:52,559 --> 00:11:55,680 Speaker 1: is lost, so that a party receiving ten days provisions, 201 00:11:55,880 --> 00:11:58,440 Speaker 1: will be obliged to live upon little better than five 202 00:11:58,520 --> 00:12:02,280 Speaker 1: days allowance of meat a thing impracticable. I have some 203 00:12:02,400 --> 00:12:07,920 Speaker 1: questions about this. Losing that much of the meat makes 204 00:12:07,960 --> 00:12:11,800 Speaker 1: it sound like either whoever was doing Washington's barbecuing was 205 00:12:11,960 --> 00:12:15,800 Speaker 1: really bad at it, or maybe he was describing something 206 00:12:15,840 --> 00:12:18,360 Speaker 1: that was more like drying the meat into a jerky 207 00:12:18,520 --> 00:12:21,760 Speaker 1: than like barbecuing it. I like how it doesn't occur 208 00:12:21,800 --> 00:12:23,920 Speaker 1: to you that someone like me is working the grill 209 00:12:24,080 --> 00:12:26,120 Speaker 1: and eating as they go, you're doing a one for 210 00:12:26,200 --> 00:12:28,600 Speaker 1: me would just be like, yeah, one for them and 211 00:12:28,600 --> 00:12:34,200 Speaker 1: one for me. Detail Yeah, that would be like my 212 00:12:34,320 --> 00:12:37,920 Speaker 1: cut for doing the work. Is this not how you guys? Barbecue? 213 00:12:39,679 --> 00:12:43,599 Speaker 1: Barbecue is also in Samuel Johnson's seventeen fifty five Dictionary 214 00:12:43,679 --> 00:12:46,840 Speaker 1: of the English Language, with two barbecue as a verb 215 00:12:47,080 --> 00:12:50,160 Speaker 1: meaning a term used in the West Indies for dressing 216 00:12:50,160 --> 00:12:53,240 Speaker 1: a hog hole which, being split to the backbone, is 217 00:12:53,320 --> 00:12:57,080 Speaker 1: laid flat upon a large gridiron raised about two foot 218 00:12:57,200 --> 00:13:00,080 Speaker 1: upon a charcoal fire with which it is surrounded it 219 00:13:00,679 --> 00:13:03,560 Speaker 1: And then Johnson lists barbecue as a noun with a 220 00:13:03,600 --> 00:13:06,680 Speaker 1: definition of quote a hog dressed hole in the West 221 00:13:06,720 --> 00:13:09,600 Speaker 1: Indian manner. So after all this, Uh, this might be 222 00:13:09,640 --> 00:13:13,199 Speaker 1: an unpopular opinion, but I think folks can just relax 223 00:13:13,400 --> 00:13:17,440 Speaker 1: about what barbecue means and whether other people are using 224 00:13:17,440 --> 00:13:23,040 Speaker 1: it wrong. The Oxford English Dictionary list five different definitions 225 00:13:23,120 --> 00:13:26,280 Speaker 1: for the noun and two for the verb. Miriam Webster 226 00:13:26,520 --> 00:13:29,520 Speaker 1: lists three different meanings for each and one of those 227 00:13:29,520 --> 00:13:34,200 Speaker 1: Oxford English Dictionary definitions is about drying coffee beans, which 228 00:13:34,240 --> 00:13:39,360 Speaker 1: we haven't talked about at all. So, uh, we're going 229 00:13:39,440 --> 00:13:41,880 Speaker 1: to get to even the much decried use of the 230 00:13:41,920 --> 00:13:45,040 Speaker 1: word barbecue as a synonym for grilling. Like we're gonna 231 00:13:45,040 --> 00:13:47,480 Speaker 1: get to that part that's been around and somebody's hissock, 232 00:13:48,960 --> 00:13:51,079 Speaker 1: I'm just gonna pretend we sold a lot of tickets 233 00:13:51,080 --> 00:14:03,760 Speaker 1: to snakes. Uh excited. Uh, it's an audience of slytherin. Um. Anyway, 234 00:14:04,000 --> 00:14:06,400 Speaker 1: we're gonna get to how barbecue has been a synonym 235 00:14:06,400 --> 00:14:09,800 Speaker 1: for grilling for almost a hundred years. But before we 236 00:14:09,960 --> 00:14:12,360 Speaker 1: do that, we're going to talk about another definition that 237 00:14:12,400 --> 00:14:14,680 Speaker 1: we haven't even gotten into here and might cause more 238 00:14:14,679 --> 00:14:19,520 Speaker 1: snake activity, barbecue as a social event. And we're gonna 239 00:14:19,560 --> 00:14:27,800 Speaker 1: get into that, but first we're gonna take a little break. 240 00:14:29,400 --> 00:14:33,440 Speaker 1: Sulb culinary historians called barbecue the first truly American food 241 00:14:33,480 --> 00:14:37,600 Speaker 1: because it combines these this indigenous cooking frame of the 242 00:14:37,640 --> 00:14:43,200 Speaker 1: barbecua and then locally available spices with domesticated food animals 243 00:14:43,240 --> 00:14:46,640 Speaker 1: that Europeans introduced to North America, especially pigs and cows 244 00:14:46,680 --> 00:14:50,680 Speaker 1: and sheep and goats. UH. African cooking techniques were also 245 00:14:50,800 --> 00:14:53,680 Speaker 1: really critical to it, because as the institution of slavery 246 00:14:53,880 --> 00:14:57,600 Speaker 1: became more established and more widespread in the America's it 247 00:14:57,720 --> 00:15:00,200 Speaker 1: was increasingly likely that the person who was due this 248 00:15:00,360 --> 00:15:05,119 Speaker 1: cooking was an enslaved African, and over time, colonial barbecue 249 00:15:05,120 --> 00:15:07,800 Speaker 1: went from using a raised frame of sticks to a 250 00:15:07,840 --> 00:15:09,880 Speaker 1: pit or a trench that was dug in the ground 251 00:15:10,360 --> 00:15:12,880 Speaker 1: and logs were burned alongside the pit until they were 252 00:15:12,920 --> 00:15:15,600 Speaker 1: down to coals, and then those coals went into the bottom. 253 00:15:16,040 --> 00:15:17,760 Speaker 1: And at first the food was laid out on a 254 00:15:17,760 --> 00:15:21,520 Speaker 1: framework of sticks, but eventually people started to use gridirons 255 00:15:21,640 --> 00:15:25,160 Speaker 1: or metals fits and the first barbecue sauces were actually 256 00:15:25,160 --> 00:15:27,720 Speaker 1: pretty minimal. This might make you sad. They tended to 257 00:15:27,760 --> 00:15:30,480 Speaker 1: be also pretty much the same regardless of where exactly 258 00:15:30,560 --> 00:15:33,120 Speaker 1: the barbecue was being prepared, so it was usually some 259 00:15:33,200 --> 00:15:35,800 Speaker 1: kind of very basic fat like a butter or a lard, 260 00:15:35,880 --> 00:15:37,680 Speaker 1: and then a little bit of vinegar and black or 261 00:15:37,720 --> 00:15:40,840 Speaker 1: hot pepper, just basically used as a based during cooking, 262 00:15:40,840 --> 00:15:42,720 Speaker 1: and that was it. That sounds all right to me 263 00:15:42,760 --> 00:15:46,840 Speaker 1: if it's really spicy, I'm no, they're not all right, Okay, 264 00:15:47,280 --> 00:15:50,600 Speaker 1: I'm a wass um just sue Wi swas and I can't. 265 00:15:51,440 --> 00:15:55,440 Speaker 1: I can't handle the spicy. I'm sorry, I know. So. 266 00:15:55,520 --> 00:15:58,240 Speaker 1: Apart from that, there was not a lot of consistency 267 00:15:58,280 --> 00:16:01,120 Speaker 1: about what was being cooked because people were pretty much 268 00:16:01,120 --> 00:16:04,760 Speaker 1: cooking whatever they had available. There might be several different 269 00:16:04,760 --> 00:16:08,520 Speaker 1: types of meat at any given barbecue. Regardless of that detail, though, 270 00:16:08,520 --> 00:16:10,720 Speaker 1: it was always a lot of food, so from the beginning, 271 00:16:10,720 --> 00:16:15,040 Speaker 1: barbecues were usually community events, and the first written instance 272 00:16:15,160 --> 00:16:17,960 Speaker 1: of barbecue with the meaning of a big gathering where 273 00:16:18,000 --> 00:16:21,400 Speaker 1: barbecue is being served dates back to August thirty one, 274 00:16:21,440 --> 00:16:25,120 Speaker 1: seventeen thirty three, in the Diary of Benjamin Lynde. And 275 00:16:25,240 --> 00:16:26,840 Speaker 1: Lynde hasn't he on the end? We don't know if 276 00:16:26,840 --> 00:16:28,680 Speaker 1: it was Lynda or Lynde, but we're going with Lynde 277 00:16:28,680 --> 00:16:31,800 Speaker 1: for the evening, And he noted, quote fair and hot 278 00:16:32,280 --> 00:16:39,480 Speaker 1: brown barbecue hack overset Uh, that is word salad. But 279 00:16:39,640 --> 00:16:43,080 Speaker 1: just based on his very basic notations, it's pretty fair 280 00:16:43,080 --> 00:16:45,440 Speaker 1: to conclude that he went to a barbecue hosted by 281 00:16:45,480 --> 00:16:49,360 Speaker 1: someone named Brown. Uh. George Washington also noted that he 282 00:16:49,440 --> 00:16:52,680 Speaker 1: had attended multiple barbecues. Those came up in his diary 283 00:16:52,760 --> 00:16:55,480 Speaker 1: several times as well, the first of those being seventeen 284 00:16:55,520 --> 00:16:59,320 Speaker 1: sixty nine. When it comes to where these first barbecues 285 00:16:59,320 --> 00:17:03,240 Speaker 1: were being Hell, they started in Virginia, mostly because Virginia 286 00:17:03,360 --> 00:17:07,040 Speaker 1: was the first permanent English colony in North America. Barbecue 287 00:17:07,040 --> 00:17:09,280 Speaker 1: has a food and as a cooking technique, and as 288 00:17:09,320 --> 00:17:13,359 Speaker 1: a gathering spread from there through British colonial territory. It 289 00:17:13,440 --> 00:17:19,520 Speaker 1: may have also been President President barbecue president. That's how 290 00:17:19,560 --> 00:17:22,639 Speaker 1: I feel about it. I would be actually really okay 291 00:17:22,680 --> 00:17:25,360 Speaker 1: with that at this point. I'm a longer a vegetarian. 292 00:17:25,440 --> 00:17:28,760 Speaker 1: In case that was not clear. Uh. So, barbecue has 293 00:17:28,760 --> 00:17:31,240 Speaker 1: a food and a cooking technique and a gathering spread 294 00:17:31,480 --> 00:17:35,359 Speaker 1: from Virginia throughout British territory. It might have also been President. 295 00:17:35,680 --> 00:17:38,760 Speaker 1: I was going to say it again, this happens in 296 00:17:38,800 --> 00:17:41,159 Speaker 1: the studio too, and our producer makes it sound like 297 00:17:41,240 --> 00:17:44,040 Speaker 1: I didn't do that. It might have been present in 298 00:17:44,119 --> 00:17:48,760 Speaker 1: Florida before Great Britain acquired that from Spain in seventeen 299 00:17:48,800 --> 00:17:51,040 Speaker 1: sixty three, as well as possibly other places that were 300 00:17:51,040 --> 00:17:54,679 Speaker 1: also controlled by Spain, maybe Texas, who knows. I like 301 00:17:54,800 --> 00:17:57,840 Speaker 1: to think that Barbecue was a benevolent and kind president, 302 00:17:57,960 --> 00:18:04,160 Speaker 1: I hope, so passing delicious legislation, no one was hungry. 303 00:18:04,880 --> 00:18:08,160 Speaker 1: Um there's literally the best cartoon running in my head, 304 00:18:08,200 --> 00:18:10,560 Speaker 1: and I wish I could project it to you, but 305 00:18:10,600 --> 00:18:12,520 Speaker 1: it's in the style of I'm just a bill. Just 306 00:18:12,600 --> 00:18:19,320 Speaker 1: know that. Um. So, although barbecue did make its way 307 00:18:19,400 --> 00:18:21,719 Speaker 1: into New England, it fell out of favor there by 308 00:18:21,760 --> 00:18:24,720 Speaker 1: the end of the Revolutionary War, and the reasons seemed 309 00:18:24,760 --> 00:18:29,160 Speaker 1: to have been largely practical. Barbecuing is time and labor intensive, 310 00:18:29,320 --> 00:18:32,120 Speaker 1: and it required people to stand outside tending a pit 311 00:18:32,280 --> 00:18:35,080 Speaker 1: for up to twenty four hours. New England has a 312 00:18:35,119 --> 00:18:38,440 Speaker 1: shorter season where this is even feasible, as well as 313 00:18:38,520 --> 00:18:40,840 Speaker 1: a smaller supply of labor at this time, and just 314 00:18:40,920 --> 00:18:43,720 Speaker 1: not as much livestock as other parts of the colonies. 315 00:18:43,760 --> 00:18:45,680 Speaker 1: And I would say, no one wants to stand out 316 00:18:45,680 --> 00:18:48,119 Speaker 1: in the cold for twenty four hours now, and you know, 317 00:18:48,200 --> 00:18:50,800 Speaker 1: maybe the ground is going to be frozen. Maybe there 318 00:18:50,840 --> 00:18:54,560 Speaker 1: are a hundred and ten inches of snow on the ground. Um. 319 00:18:54,600 --> 00:18:57,360 Speaker 1: Over time, because of all this, barbecue became a lot 320 00:18:57,400 --> 00:19:00,879 Speaker 1: more associated with the South, and the South that started 321 00:19:00,920 --> 00:19:03,399 Speaker 1: to serve a lot of social purposes. Sometimes it was 322 00:19:03,440 --> 00:19:06,080 Speaker 1: just a basic social activity that was supposed to be fun, 323 00:19:06,160 --> 00:19:10,000 Speaker 1: at least in theory. John Kirkpatrick was one of George 324 00:19:10,000 --> 00:19:14,320 Speaker 1: Washington's secretaries. George Washington is in this show a lot Um. 325 00:19:14,359 --> 00:19:19,040 Speaker 1: On July seventeen fifty eight, Kirkpatrick wrote Washington a note 326 00:19:19,080 --> 00:19:22,440 Speaker 1: that ended quote to tell you our domestic occurrences would 327 00:19:22,480 --> 00:19:26,080 Speaker 1: look silly, and I'll suit your time to peruse. But 328 00:19:26,200 --> 00:19:32,920 Speaker 1: we have dull barbecues and yet duller dances. An election 329 00:19:33,119 --> 00:19:35,960 Speaker 1: causes a hubbub for a week or so, and then 330 00:19:36,000 --> 00:19:39,360 Speaker 1: we are dead. Awhile after that he talks about who 331 00:19:39,359 --> 00:19:41,719 Speaker 1: won the most recent elections, and then he wraps up 332 00:19:41,720 --> 00:19:43,800 Speaker 1: with some thoughts about how much tobacco cost, which he 333 00:19:43,800 --> 00:19:46,560 Speaker 1: included even though he admitted that that was probably not pertinent. 334 00:19:50,119 --> 00:19:52,560 Speaker 1: And when he talks about how dollies events are, there's 335 00:19:52,560 --> 00:19:54,199 Speaker 1: some part of my brain that I'm like, dude, be 336 00:19:54,240 --> 00:19:58,320 Speaker 1: the change, Like shake it up, um, you go dance, 337 00:19:58,440 --> 00:20:02,080 Speaker 1: make it fun. Uh. Political barbecues got their start in 338 00:20:02,160 --> 00:20:05,119 Speaker 1: Virginia in the late eighteenth century, and it was frowned 339 00:20:05,200 --> 00:20:07,920 Speaker 1: upon for candidates at this point to actively campaign the 340 00:20:07,960 --> 00:20:10,879 Speaker 1: way we would see today. But one sneaky way around 341 00:20:10,880 --> 00:20:13,600 Speaker 1: this was that they could treat voters to a super 342 00:20:13,640 --> 00:20:17,080 Speaker 1: delicious event. Um, and some went as far as to 343 00:20:17,200 --> 00:20:20,320 Speaker 1: throw big, entire barbecues, but they had to be really 344 00:20:20,320 --> 00:20:22,840 Speaker 1: careful about it, because if the whole thing was too lavish, 345 00:20:22,960 --> 00:20:26,320 Speaker 1: or too showy, or too obviously tied to a candidate, 346 00:20:26,359 --> 00:20:29,840 Speaker 1: people did not like it. Uh. It was not unheard 347 00:20:29,880 --> 00:20:33,640 Speaker 1: of for local election committees to actually avoid people's candidacies 348 00:20:33,840 --> 00:20:36,680 Speaker 1: entirely if they felt like their barbecue had gone a 349 00:20:36,720 --> 00:20:40,240 Speaker 1: little too far. Can you imagine this is too delicious? 350 00:20:40,280 --> 00:20:44,200 Speaker 1: You may no longer run for public office? And then 351 00:20:44,240 --> 00:20:48,560 Speaker 1: barbecue steps up onto the No. Yeah, I'm going to 352 00:20:48,680 --> 00:20:52,600 Speaker 1: sign some orders about deliciousness of sauce. So the criticism 353 00:20:52,640 --> 00:20:56,240 Speaker 1: of political barbecues did not just come from the election committees. 354 00:20:59,000 --> 00:21:02,280 Speaker 1: This is our favorite part of this episode. Starting in 355 00:21:02,320 --> 00:21:06,360 Speaker 1: eighteen twenty seven, somebody writing under the pen name barbecue Sis. 356 00:21:08,440 --> 00:21:13,080 Speaker 1: See that's why I was laughing, Barbecues is published a 357 00:21:13,119 --> 00:21:17,359 Speaker 1: series of letters against campaign barbecue in the Southern Advocate, 358 00:21:17,400 --> 00:21:19,960 Speaker 1: and then two years later, more than a thousand people 359 00:21:20,080 --> 00:21:24,000 Speaker 1: in Madison County, Alabama signed a petition against this practice. 360 00:21:24,480 --> 00:21:26,480 Speaker 1: I feel like the name barbecue in this is another 361 00:21:26,520 --> 00:21:29,080 Speaker 1: great pet name, or it should be a Star Wars character, 362 00:21:29,160 --> 00:21:31,280 Speaker 1: and I don't care which, but I'm I'm in it 363 00:21:31,359 --> 00:21:35,080 Speaker 1: could be both. This whole campaign against barbecues did not 364 00:21:35,119 --> 00:21:37,560 Speaker 1: stop political barbecues, though they were a huge part of 365 00:21:37,560 --> 00:21:40,560 Speaker 1: elections in both the eighteen thirties and the eighteen forties, 366 00:21:40,840 --> 00:21:44,399 Speaker 1: and they were also held just as celebrations. Francisco de 367 00:21:44,480 --> 00:21:48,000 Speaker 1: Miranda fought with Spanish forces against the British during the 368 00:21:48,040 --> 00:21:51,439 Speaker 1: Revolutionary War, and on June seventeenth of seventeen eighty three, 369 00:21:51,680 --> 00:21:53,879 Speaker 1: he wrote about a barbecue that had been held in 370 00:21:54,000 --> 00:21:57,440 Speaker 1: New Bern, North Carolina to celebrate the end of active fighting. 371 00:21:57,800 --> 00:22:00,879 Speaker 1: Here's what he said, quote by way of celebration for 372 00:22:00,880 --> 00:22:03,480 Speaker 1: this event, starting at one o'clock, there was a barbecue, 373 00:22:03,600 --> 00:22:06,400 Speaker 1: a roast pig, and a barrel of rum, from which 374 00:22:06,440 --> 00:22:10,359 Speaker 1: the leading officials and citizens of the region promiscuous lee 375 00:22:10,640 --> 00:22:15,439 Speaker 1: ate and drank with the meanest and lowest kind of people, 376 00:22:15,640 --> 00:22:19,160 Speaker 1: holding hands and drinking from the same cup. It seems 377 00:22:19,200 --> 00:22:23,520 Speaker 1: impossible to imagine without seeing it a more purely democratic gathering, 378 00:22:23,920 --> 00:22:26,679 Speaker 1: and it conforms to yeah, and it conforms to what 379 00:22:26,760 --> 00:22:30,520 Speaker 1: the Greek poets and historians tell us of similar concourses 380 00:22:30,640 --> 00:22:34,439 Speaker 1: among those free peoples of Greece. There were some drunks, 381 00:22:34,480 --> 00:22:41,480 Speaker 1: some friendly fisticuffs, and one man was injured with that, 382 00:22:41,600 --> 00:22:45,440 Speaker 1: and the burning of some empty barrels. As the fact 383 00:22:45,560 --> 00:22:47,840 Speaker 1: now it's I put gave myself the French part, and 384 00:22:47,880 --> 00:22:50,600 Speaker 1: then I didn't practice ahead of time with that and 385 00:22:50,640 --> 00:22:54,280 Speaker 1: the burning of some empty barrels as a footage wide nightfall, 386 00:22:54,400 --> 00:22:58,399 Speaker 1: the party ended and everyone retired to sleep. It sounds 387 00:22:58,400 --> 00:23:03,040 Speaker 1: like a great night, it does. God, let's have it now. Um. 388 00:23:03,080 --> 00:23:06,520 Speaker 1: It was not long after the Revolutionary War formally ended 389 00:23:06,880 --> 00:23:10,720 Speaker 1: the barbecues really became an established part of Independence Day celebrations, 390 00:23:10,840 --> 00:23:13,359 Speaker 1: with the whole event pretty standard no matter where in 391 00:23:13,400 --> 00:23:15,119 Speaker 1: the country you were. It was a day full of 392 00:23:15,160 --> 00:23:19,360 Speaker 1: songs and patriotic speeches, readings of the Declaration of Independence, 393 00:23:19,520 --> 00:23:24,040 Speaker 1: lots of toasts, and of course the barbecue. Alcohol had 394 00:23:24,080 --> 00:23:27,040 Speaker 1: been served at barbecues pretty much since the start of them, 395 00:23:27,240 --> 00:23:29,680 Speaker 1: but by the early to mid nineteenth century it had 396 00:23:29,680 --> 00:23:32,680 Speaker 1: become a bigger part of the festivities, and that meant 397 00:23:32,800 --> 00:23:37,800 Speaker 1: that the Temperance movement and religious denominations that discouraged alcohol 398 00:23:38,240 --> 00:23:43,119 Speaker 1: became increasingly critical of barbecues. In eighteen fifteen, several members 399 00:23:43,160 --> 00:23:46,080 Speaker 1: of Old Salt River Primitive Baptist Church got in trouble 400 00:23:46,119 --> 00:23:49,440 Speaker 1: for going to an Independence Day barbecue, and the question 401 00:23:49,560 --> 00:23:51,720 Speaker 1: was put to the whole congregation of whether it was 402 00:23:51,840 --> 00:23:55,480 Speaker 1: right or wrong to attend a barbecue, and the congregation 403 00:23:55,560 --> 00:23:59,200 Speaker 1: answered that it was wrong again. I bet they didn't 404 00:23:59,200 --> 00:24:02,520 Speaker 1: know how to party there. Um. There is also a 405 00:24:02,560 --> 00:24:06,600 Speaker 1: widely circulated tale about a traveling Methodist minister named Paul Denton, 406 00:24:06,600 --> 00:24:09,800 Speaker 1: who is on my personal enemies list, who in eighteen 407 00:24:09,840 --> 00:24:12,680 Speaker 1: thirty six, so you'll see why, in eighteen thirty six 408 00:24:12,840 --> 00:24:17,680 Speaker 1: posted announcements about a splendid barbecue. The preparations are being 409 00:24:17,720 --> 00:24:20,840 Speaker 1: made to suit all tastes. There will be a good barbecue, 410 00:24:20,960 --> 00:24:24,160 Speaker 1: better liquors, and the best gospel. And a man named 411 00:24:24,160 --> 00:24:26,600 Speaker 1: Peter Brinson had been paid to arrange the food, and 412 00:24:26,640 --> 00:24:29,520 Speaker 1: people kept going to Brinson with questions about the liquor 413 00:24:29,560 --> 00:24:32,320 Speaker 1: because it did seem kind of strange for a minister 414 00:24:32,440 --> 00:24:34,000 Speaker 1: to have an event where he was going to serve 415 00:24:34,040 --> 00:24:37,640 Speaker 1: liquor and like brag about it. Uh. Brinson kept telling 416 00:24:37,640 --> 00:24:39,320 Speaker 1: people he was not the boss of that, and that 417 00:24:39,400 --> 00:24:42,199 Speaker 1: Denton was the person seeing to the alcohol. So this 418 00:24:42,280 --> 00:24:45,000 Speaker 1: barbecue was set up around a spring, and it was 419 00:24:45,119 --> 00:24:47,760 Speaker 1: overrun with people. Of course, when you say food and hooch, 420 00:24:47,800 --> 00:24:50,879 Speaker 1: people are coming. Um. The crowd was anxious to eat, 421 00:24:50,960 --> 00:24:53,600 Speaker 1: and Brinson kept telling them that they had to wait 422 00:24:53,640 --> 00:24:56,280 Speaker 1: for the preacher, and finally a colonel in the crowd 423 00:24:56,320 --> 00:24:58,480 Speaker 1: demanded that they get on with it. And at that 424 00:24:58,520 --> 00:25:01,880 Speaker 1: point Denton showed up and he basically scolded them all 425 00:25:01,920 --> 00:25:04,679 Speaker 1: for not waiting for the blessing. And then when the 426 00:25:04,680 --> 00:25:07,679 Speaker 1: crowd demanded to know where the liquor was, he said there, 427 00:25:07,880 --> 00:25:10,359 Speaker 1: and he pointed to the spring, and then he turned 428 00:25:10,400 --> 00:25:14,359 Speaker 1: the whole thing into a temperance sermon. Right, he's on 429 00:25:14,400 --> 00:25:16,720 Speaker 1: my enemy list forever. This is my new use of 430 00:25:16,720 --> 00:25:19,399 Speaker 1: the time travel machine. Who's to go back and slap 431 00:25:19,480 --> 00:25:22,440 Speaker 1: him in the face while I hold a martini? That's 432 00:25:22,800 --> 00:25:26,000 Speaker 1: that seems fine. Uh. This story was printed in a 433 00:25:26,000 --> 00:25:29,159 Speaker 1: lot of places, but none of them say what the 434 00:25:29,200 --> 00:25:34,439 Speaker 1: crowd did at that point. Uh. There were, however, a 435 00:25:34,440 --> 00:25:37,840 Speaker 1: lot of temperance activists who started holding barbecues to try 436 00:25:37,840 --> 00:25:41,280 Speaker 1: to rally support for their cause, but without tricking people 437 00:25:41,359 --> 00:25:44,320 Speaker 1: with the promise of alcohol first. This makes me think 438 00:25:44,320 --> 00:25:47,359 Speaker 1: about South Park punch and Pie situation. I don't know it. 439 00:25:47,560 --> 00:25:50,680 Speaker 1: Oh Cartman promises people punch and pie to come over 440 00:25:50,760 --> 00:25:52,440 Speaker 1: and play this whole event, but he doesn't have punch 441 00:25:52,480 --> 00:25:55,919 Speaker 1: of pie. Okay, so uh, Denton is Cartman in this 442 00:25:56,040 --> 00:25:59,760 Speaker 1: story if you were watching, sorry we went down that avenue. Um. 443 00:26:00,280 --> 00:26:02,560 Speaker 1: It was about this time that it did become a 444 00:26:02,560 --> 00:26:05,359 Speaker 1: little bit more common for women to be included in 445 00:26:05,400 --> 00:26:09,840 Speaker 1: the white community's barbecues. Today, it is a popular stereotype 446 00:26:09,880 --> 00:26:13,040 Speaker 1: that the backyard grill is a man's domain. Whatever. That 447 00:26:13,200 --> 00:26:16,040 Speaker 1: is not a new idea, but that idea goes all 448 00:26:16,040 --> 00:26:18,280 Speaker 1: the way back to the first barbecue pits. The first 449 00:26:18,359 --> 00:26:22,200 Speaker 1: barbecues tended to be fairly rough affairs, with women neither 450 00:26:22,280 --> 00:26:24,639 Speaker 1: helping to prepare the food nor helping to eat it. 451 00:26:24,840 --> 00:26:28,040 Speaker 1: That is so sad. It wasn't until the nineteenth century 452 00:26:28,040 --> 00:26:31,880 Speaker 1: that barbecues were actually considered appropriate for ladies, and even 453 00:26:31,880 --> 00:26:34,639 Speaker 1: then it was only some other time, often with separate 454 00:26:34,680 --> 00:26:37,600 Speaker 1: seating for them away from the men. This is the 455 00:26:37,640 --> 00:26:40,679 Speaker 1: stupidest thing I've ever heard. Like, I can eat a 456 00:26:40,680 --> 00:26:43,040 Speaker 1: piece of meat next to a dude. There's no problem there. 457 00:26:43,480 --> 00:26:44,960 Speaker 1: They don't. It doesn't make a lot of sense. It 458 00:26:45,000 --> 00:26:47,320 Speaker 1: really doesn't, because there was too much fighting and swearing 459 00:26:47,359 --> 00:26:49,800 Speaker 1: and drinking. I guess ladies can do all those things. 460 00:26:49,880 --> 00:26:53,240 Speaker 1: I know, we know this now. They knew it then too. 461 00:26:53,280 --> 00:26:58,359 Speaker 1: They were just they had they had views, uh, wrong, 462 00:26:58,520 --> 00:27:02,440 Speaker 1: wrong views. In the middle of the nineteenth century, barbecues 463 00:27:02,680 --> 00:27:06,240 Speaker 1: as an event had become really an almost exclusively Southern, 464 00:27:06,320 --> 00:27:10,240 Speaker 1: Southern thing. In eighteen fifty one, the Boston Post printed 465 00:27:10,240 --> 00:27:12,800 Speaker 1: a piece that started, most of your readers have heard 466 00:27:12,840 --> 00:27:17,520 Speaker 1: of a barbecue, but probably few have ever attended one. Yeah, 467 00:27:17,720 --> 00:27:22,399 Speaker 1: I'm it's it's only a little bit condescending. Uh. It 468 00:27:22,440 --> 00:27:25,000 Speaker 1: went on to describe a barbecue that the writer had 469 00:27:25,000 --> 00:27:27,680 Speaker 1: been to that was held in Athens, Georgia for retiring 470 00:27:27,800 --> 00:27:31,160 Speaker 1: Speaker of the House Howell Cobb, and the writer, who 471 00:27:31,200 --> 00:27:33,480 Speaker 1: signed this piece with the initials E. L. F. Thought 472 00:27:33,520 --> 00:27:37,240 Speaker 1: this whole thing was incredibly gross. Uh. Honestly, I have 473 00:27:37,359 --> 00:27:40,000 Speaker 1: to agree with him, because he described the people who 474 00:27:40,040 --> 00:27:42,280 Speaker 1: were preparing this food, three of whom were black, and 475 00:27:42,320 --> 00:27:45,560 Speaker 1: three of whom were white as just incredibly dirty, and 476 00:27:45,600 --> 00:27:48,160 Speaker 1: he went on to say, quote as there were neither 477 00:27:48,320 --> 00:27:52,320 Speaker 1: towels nor water near them, the cooks made their mouths 478 00:27:52,520 --> 00:27:59,920 Speaker 1: answer the double perch purpose of towels and water. Right, 479 00:28:02,880 --> 00:28:05,800 Speaker 1: this is worse than when somebody puts the meat on 480 00:28:06,119 --> 00:28:08,919 Speaker 1: the grill and then takes it off the grill with 481 00:28:09,000 --> 00:28:12,720 Speaker 1: the same spatula. Don't do that. Tracy has very strong 482 00:28:12,760 --> 00:28:15,920 Speaker 1: feelings about food safety. I wrote about food safety for 483 00:28:15,960 --> 00:28:18,880 Speaker 1: the first two years of my career as a writer. Yeah, 484 00:28:18,920 --> 00:28:21,080 Speaker 1: I'm a little more sloppy gloppy about it. I mean, 485 00:28:21,119 --> 00:28:23,120 Speaker 1: I don't do that, but like I'm not quite as 486 00:28:24,720 --> 00:28:28,240 Speaker 1: flip it. I'll wash it, it'll be fine. I had 487 00:28:28,240 --> 00:28:30,439 Speaker 1: like that grandmother that literally said, if you don't eat 488 00:28:30,440 --> 00:28:32,160 Speaker 1: a peck of dirt by the time you're one year old, 489 00:28:32,240 --> 00:28:34,600 Speaker 1: you will die of disease because you will not have 490 00:28:34,600 --> 00:28:37,760 Speaker 1: built up your immunity. It's a very I carry it 491 00:28:37,760 --> 00:28:40,840 Speaker 1: with me to the day. Yeah, my brother got salmonella 492 00:28:40,920 --> 00:28:43,280 Speaker 1: from a turtle when he was eight, and I'm still traumatized. 493 00:28:48,200 --> 00:28:55,120 Speaker 1: That's the best thing I've ever heard. I didn't know 494 00:28:55,120 --> 00:28:59,720 Speaker 1: it was going to disrupt the show. Salmonella Turtle is 495 00:28:59,760 --> 00:29:02,320 Speaker 1: like I hero. To me, this is the best. It's 496 00:29:02,360 --> 00:29:07,240 Speaker 1: a comedy hero. He's with You're all making fun cartoons. Uh. 497 00:29:07,240 --> 00:29:09,959 Speaker 1: This person E. L. F that was writing about this 498 00:29:10,240 --> 00:29:14,840 Speaker 1: horrific and gross and uncleanly barbecue finished his piece by saying, quote, 499 00:29:15,120 --> 00:29:18,040 Speaker 1: as I had seen the cutting up process. Of course 500 00:29:18,080 --> 00:29:20,240 Speaker 1: I did not eat any of the dinner, but I 501 00:29:20,280 --> 00:29:22,640 Speaker 1: could not help thinking that it was rather a brutal 502 00:29:22,680 --> 00:29:25,600 Speaker 1: way of serving a retiring speaker of the United States 503 00:29:25,600 --> 00:29:32,000 Speaker 1: House of Representatives. Even though barbecue was not particularly associated 504 00:29:32,040 --> 00:29:34,640 Speaker 1: with the more northern part of the country at this point, 505 00:29:34,840 --> 00:29:39,000 Speaker 1: Stephen Douglas did try to have a campaign barbecue in 506 00:29:39,040 --> 00:29:42,040 Speaker 1: New York City in eighteen sixty. This was the first 507 00:29:42,160 --> 00:29:45,200 Speaker 1: political barbecue known to have been held in New York City, 508 00:29:45,240 --> 00:29:49,760 Speaker 1: and it apparently went very badly, with the meat itself 509 00:29:49,800 --> 00:29:52,840 Speaker 1: being compared to the charred remains of a burned down tenement. 510 00:29:55,960 --> 00:29:58,800 Speaker 1: The meats, such as it was, was served with crackers 511 00:29:58,840 --> 00:30:02,520 Speaker 1: and bread. There were right there were about three thousand 512 00:30:02,560 --> 00:30:06,200 Speaker 1: people in attendance at this horrifying barbecue, and apparently they 513 00:30:06,280 --> 00:30:09,120 Speaker 1: were really eager for things to get started. There's an 514 00:30:09,120 --> 00:30:12,080 Speaker 1: account from the day that states quote, at the last 515 00:30:12,160 --> 00:30:14,760 Speaker 1: patients of As the last patients of the mob began 516 00:30:14,800 --> 00:30:17,320 Speaker 1: to expire, and fearful that they might not be able 517 00:30:17,360 --> 00:30:20,360 Speaker 1: to get any of the gratuitous supply of roast beef, 518 00:30:20,640 --> 00:30:23,640 Speaker 1: they resorted to physical force and tore down the pine 519 00:30:23,680 --> 00:30:27,600 Speaker 1: fences and burst into the enclosure. The police were too 520 00:30:27,600 --> 00:30:29,920 Speaker 1: small a force to keep the crowd back, and a 521 00:30:30,120 --> 00:30:34,960 Speaker 1: most disgraceful scene ensued. This scene involved the crowd falling 522 00:30:34,960 --> 00:30:37,680 Speaker 1: onto the tables and turning them over and scaring the 523 00:30:37,760 --> 00:30:40,120 Speaker 1: carver away from his post. And then the whole thing 524 00:30:40,160 --> 00:30:42,840 Speaker 1: devolved into this combination of a riot and a food fight, 525 00:30:43,360 --> 00:30:45,920 Speaker 1: with the crowd throwing things down into the barbecue pit, 526 00:30:46,000 --> 00:30:49,160 Speaker 1: and then quote the unruly host seized upon the only 527 00:30:49,200 --> 00:30:52,600 Speaker 1: table that had been preserved and began debolishing the provisions 528 00:30:52,640 --> 00:30:56,479 Speaker 1: there on, and really the table itself. Of course, Stephen 529 00:30:56,520 --> 00:31:00,360 Speaker 1: Douglas lost the election of eighteen sixty uh as did 530 00:31:00,440 --> 00:31:04,040 Speaker 1: John C. Breckenridge and John Bell. Abraham Lincoln won, and 531 00:31:04,080 --> 00:31:07,440 Speaker 1: the Civil War started not long after, And naturally, because 532 00:31:07,440 --> 00:31:10,240 Speaker 1: it had become so closely associated with the South by 533 00:31:10,240 --> 00:31:13,840 Speaker 1: this time, barbecue was far more associated with the Confederacy 534 00:31:13,880 --> 00:31:16,840 Speaker 1: than with the Union. During the war, with barbecues being 535 00:31:16,920 --> 00:31:21,560 Speaker 1: used for things like wartime fundraisers, recruitment events, and troop musters. 536 00:31:21,600 --> 00:31:24,120 Speaker 1: So throughout all this, like we said before, most of 537 00:31:24,120 --> 00:31:26,560 Speaker 1: the people who had been preparing and cooking all this 538 00:31:26,640 --> 00:31:29,880 Speaker 1: barbecue were enslaved Africans, and sometimes they were under the 539 00:31:29,880 --> 00:31:32,680 Speaker 1: supervision of a white person, but often it was a 540 00:31:32,680 --> 00:31:35,880 Speaker 1: more experienced enslaved person who was in charge of actual cooking. 541 00:31:36,320 --> 00:31:40,120 Speaker 1: But enslaved people's experience with barbecue definitely did not end 542 00:31:40,200 --> 00:31:44,160 Speaker 1: with fixing food for white people. Many slave owners used 543 00:31:44,240 --> 00:31:47,640 Speaker 1: Christmas and Independence Day barbecues as a reward for their 544 00:31:47,720 --> 00:31:51,200 Speaker 1: enslaved workforce, but of course that workforce was preparing it 545 00:31:51,240 --> 00:31:55,240 Speaker 1: for themselves. Barbecue served a similar purpose during times of 546 00:31:55,520 --> 00:31:57,880 Speaker 1: intense labor, so like when it was time to pick 547 00:31:57,920 --> 00:32:01,360 Speaker 1: the cotton or shut the corn. Although some slave owners 548 00:32:01,400 --> 00:32:04,920 Speaker 1: talked about these barbecues as evidence of their own generosity, 549 00:32:05,160 --> 00:32:08,080 Speaker 1: as Frederick Douglas pointed out, this was really a way 550 00:32:08,120 --> 00:32:11,719 Speaker 1: to keep enslaved people in line and maintain a facade 551 00:32:11,840 --> 00:32:15,640 Speaker 1: of benevolence. There are also accounts of enslaved people arranging 552 00:32:15,640 --> 00:32:18,960 Speaker 1: their own secret barbecues with Pilford livestock as an act 553 00:32:19,000 --> 00:32:23,960 Speaker 1: of resistance and barbecues were also associated with multiple slave uprisings. 554 00:32:24,280 --> 00:32:28,560 Speaker 1: In eighteen hundred, enslaved people in Henrico County, Virginia planned 555 00:32:28,640 --> 00:32:31,120 Speaker 1: to take the capital of Richmond with a force of 556 00:32:31,160 --> 00:32:33,600 Speaker 1: about two hundred people. They were going to take Governor 557 00:32:33,680 --> 00:32:36,520 Speaker 1: James Monroe hostage, and then they were going to negotiate 558 00:32:36,600 --> 00:32:39,880 Speaker 1: for the emancipation of everyone in the state. They planned 559 00:32:39,880 --> 00:32:43,560 Speaker 1: this uprising over a series of barbecues. This uprising, which 560 00:32:43,600 --> 00:32:47,160 Speaker 1: was known as Gabriel's Rebellion, was unfortunately thwarted by heavy 561 00:32:47,240 --> 00:32:50,400 Speaker 1: rain and by somebody informing authorities of the plot, and 562 00:32:50,480 --> 00:32:53,640 Speaker 1: at least twenty six people were hanged. The final plan 563 00:32:53,800 --> 00:32:56,920 Speaker 1: for Nat Turner's Rebellion, which was the deadliest slave reable 564 00:32:57,000 --> 00:32:59,840 Speaker 1: in US history, was also put together at a barbecue 565 00:32:59,840 --> 00:33:05,040 Speaker 1: on August one, eighteen thirty one. After Abraham Lincoln issued 566 00:33:05,080 --> 00:33:08,600 Speaker 1: the Emancipation Proclamation on January one of eighteen sixty three, 567 00:33:08,960 --> 00:33:13,120 Speaker 1: newly freed people celebrated with a barbecue, and after the war, 568 00:33:13,160 --> 00:33:16,800 Speaker 1: barbecue became a common part of Emancipation Day festivities, with 569 00:33:16,880 --> 00:33:19,880 Speaker 1: the exact date of those festivities varying from one place 570 00:33:19,920 --> 00:33:23,360 Speaker 1: to another. On June nineteenth of eighteen sixty five, more 571 00:33:23,400 --> 00:33:25,800 Speaker 1: than two months after the end of the Civil War 572 00:33:25,920 --> 00:33:29,120 Speaker 1: and two and a half years after the Emancipation Proclamation, 573 00:33:29,600 --> 00:33:32,920 Speaker 1: Major General Gordon Granger took his position as the appointed 574 00:33:32,960 --> 00:33:37,240 Speaker 1: military governor of Texas. He issued General Order Number three, 575 00:33:37,280 --> 00:33:40,160 Speaker 1: which began, quote, the people of Texas are informed that, 576 00:33:40,200 --> 00:33:42,800 Speaker 1: in accordance with a proclamation from the Executive of the 577 00:33:42,880 --> 00:33:46,560 Speaker 1: United States, all slaves are free. That event has come 578 00:33:46,600 --> 00:33:53,120 Speaker 1: to be celebrated as Juneteenth with barbecue still yeah yeah, Juneteenth, uh, 579 00:33:53,200 --> 00:33:56,760 Speaker 1: with barbecue still a frequent part of that observation. And 580 00:33:56,840 --> 00:34:00,360 Speaker 1: after the Civil War, barbecue continued to be a huge 581 00:34:00,360 --> 00:34:03,040 Speaker 1: tradition all over the South, and it also moved westward 582 00:34:03,080 --> 00:34:07,760 Speaker 1: as the nation expanded. In mad Andrews published an essay 583 00:34:07,800 --> 00:34:10,759 Speaker 1: in Harper's Weekly that read, quote, the barbecue is one 584 00:34:10,800 --> 00:34:13,640 Speaker 1: of the institutions of the South. To have known it 585 00:34:13,680 --> 00:34:16,360 Speaker 1: means happiness. Not to have known it means that the 586 00:34:16,440 --> 00:34:22,919 Speaker 1: link in the chain of life has been lost. By then, though, 587 00:34:23,920 --> 00:34:27,200 Speaker 1: barbecue was also taking on a more regional character which 588 00:34:27,280 --> 00:34:29,680 Speaker 1: is well established today, and we'll get to that after 589 00:34:29,800 --> 00:34:41,719 Speaker 1: another quick break. So, for most of barbecue's history it 590 00:34:41,800 --> 00:34:45,560 Speaker 1: has been about cooking whatever meat was available slowly over 591 00:34:45,640 --> 00:34:48,880 Speaker 1: lower indirect heat. There was not a lot of variety 592 00:34:48,960 --> 00:34:51,160 Speaker 1: and the sauces or the sides. A lot of times 593 00:34:51,160 --> 00:34:53,960 Speaker 1: it was just served with some bread, maybe some crackers, 594 00:34:54,000 --> 00:34:56,880 Speaker 1: like that time in New York. Uh. But in the 595 00:34:56,960 --> 00:35:00,160 Speaker 1: nineteenth century a new innovation really started to change that, 596 00:35:00,280 --> 00:35:04,960 Speaker 1: and that innovation was the barbecue restaurant. The first barbecue 597 00:35:04,960 --> 00:35:07,920 Speaker 1: restaurants were not like a full sit down experience like 598 00:35:07,960 --> 00:35:09,640 Speaker 1: you might think of. It was just as likely to 599 00:35:09,680 --> 00:35:11,719 Speaker 1: just be a thrown together stand that was by the 600 00:35:11,760 --> 00:35:14,879 Speaker 1: side of the road. And it's really hard to say 601 00:35:15,000 --> 00:35:17,279 Speaker 1: what the first one of those was or where it 602 00:35:17,320 --> 00:35:19,520 Speaker 1: was built, but often the person who was doing the 603 00:35:19,560 --> 00:35:22,080 Speaker 1: cooking at such places had kind of come to be 604 00:35:22,120 --> 00:35:24,719 Speaker 1: known as the local barbecue guy or the barbecue man, 605 00:35:24,880 --> 00:35:27,799 Speaker 1: and was regarded as being especially good at what he did. 606 00:35:28,239 --> 00:35:30,399 Speaker 1: One of the reasons it's hard to tell exactly who 607 00:35:30,480 --> 00:35:33,560 Speaker 1: was the first UH is that a lot of the 608 00:35:33,600 --> 00:35:36,560 Speaker 1: first written references to these restaurants are about when they 609 00:35:36,600 --> 00:35:42,560 Speaker 1: burned down in grease fires. Um, So who knows how 610 00:35:42,600 --> 00:35:46,320 Speaker 1: long it was there before it caught on fire. Um. 611 00:35:46,360 --> 00:35:49,399 Speaker 1: Over time, though, these temporary kind of shacks evolved into 612 00:35:49,440 --> 00:35:52,319 Speaker 1: more permanent establishments a lot of times with the pit, 613 00:35:52,520 --> 00:35:54,840 Speaker 1: the pit or the trench that had been used evolving 614 00:35:54,880 --> 00:35:58,960 Speaker 1: into this uh permanent structure that was made out of brick. 615 00:35:59,640 --> 00:36:04,160 Speaker 1: Umcent lost my place on my paper. Uh. It was 616 00:36:04,239 --> 00:36:08,640 Speaker 1: after these permanent restaurants really started to establish themselves that 617 00:36:08,760 --> 00:36:11,399 Speaker 1: different parts of the United States started to develop their 618 00:36:11,400 --> 00:36:15,560 Speaker 1: own regional barbecue styles. And although the United States had 619 00:36:15,600 --> 00:36:18,440 Speaker 1: an ice trade thanks primarily to Frederick Tutor, who is 620 00:36:18,480 --> 00:36:20,960 Speaker 1: someone we have talked about on our show before, there 621 00:36:21,000 --> 00:36:23,960 Speaker 1: just wasn't a lot of refrigeration in the late nineteenth century. 622 00:36:24,080 --> 00:36:27,680 Speaker 1: So these first restaurants really had to develop relationships with 623 00:36:27,760 --> 00:36:30,680 Speaker 1: local farmers and ranchers who could provide them meet when 624 00:36:30,719 --> 00:36:33,360 Speaker 1: they needed it, which they could then cook very promptly 625 00:36:33,440 --> 00:36:37,000 Speaker 1: and serve right away. Sauces and side dishes were also 626 00:36:37,080 --> 00:36:40,600 Speaker 1: influenced by what was locally popular or available, and then 627 00:36:40,760 --> 00:36:43,759 Speaker 1: as the restaurants served these styles of barbecue along with 628 00:36:43,800 --> 00:36:47,839 Speaker 1: other accompaniments, people started to expect something similar from other 629 00:36:47,920 --> 00:36:52,000 Speaker 1: restaurants too, and this became a whole thing. As examples, 630 00:36:52,360 --> 00:36:55,879 Speaker 1: cattle ranching is a huge industry in Texas, as I'm 631 00:36:55,920 --> 00:36:58,960 Speaker 1: sure you all know, but not so much and a 632 00:36:58,960 --> 00:37:01,640 Speaker 1: lot of other parts of the United States, so, especially 633 00:37:01,640 --> 00:37:05,719 Speaker 1: in Central Texas, beef brisket is a popular barbecue dish. Meanwhile, 634 00:37:05,960 --> 00:37:09,640 Speaker 1: in North Carolina, where I am from, which at various 635 00:37:09,680 --> 00:37:12,720 Speaker 1: points in its history has had more pigs than human 636 00:37:12,760 --> 00:37:16,800 Speaker 1: beings and its population, pork barbecue is really the standard, 637 00:37:17,280 --> 00:37:19,759 Speaker 1: especially in Lexington style barbecue, which is found in the 638 00:37:19,760 --> 00:37:23,320 Speaker 1: more western part of the state. Slaw is a popular 639 00:37:23,680 --> 00:37:27,600 Speaker 1: side dish or topping thanks to the presence of cabbage 640 00:37:27,800 --> 00:37:30,959 Speaker 1: as a crop in the state that slaw is often 641 00:37:31,000 --> 00:37:35,480 Speaker 1: made with ketchup instead of mannai'se y'all are wrong, It's 642 00:37:35,520 --> 00:37:40,400 Speaker 1: so good, very idea. Wait, are you a proponent of that? Yeah, 643 00:37:41,440 --> 00:37:44,760 Speaker 1: I don't. And it's not a thing you can find anywhere. 644 00:37:44,840 --> 00:37:51,680 Speaker 1: Besides that, if you go into anytime you see a 645 00:37:51,719 --> 00:37:54,600 Speaker 1: restaurant that says Carolina style barbecue, it's like, that's not 646 00:37:54,760 --> 00:37:57,279 Speaker 1: exactly a thing because there's two different styles and they're 647 00:37:57,320 --> 00:38:00,959 Speaker 1: not one of them doesn't have that anyway, uh where 648 00:38:01,000 --> 00:38:03,320 Speaker 1: I get kind of like I have not even tried this. 649 00:38:03,400 --> 00:38:07,359 Speaker 1: South Carolina's German population often gets the credit for its 650 00:38:07,400 --> 00:38:12,040 Speaker 1: traditional mustard based barbecue sauce. I would do that before 651 00:38:12,040 --> 00:38:15,840 Speaker 1: I would do the catch up slaw. I can tell you, uh, 652 00:38:15,880 --> 00:38:19,000 Speaker 1: I like German food. Um so, here's what we're gonna do, 653 00:38:19,120 --> 00:38:22,080 Speaker 1: like a quick rundown of all of the most well 654 00:38:22,120 --> 00:38:24,960 Speaker 1: known regional barbecues. But honestly, there are a whole lot. 655 00:38:25,120 --> 00:38:28,200 Speaker 1: Texas has at least four, North Carolina has two, and 656 00:38:28,239 --> 00:38:30,879 Speaker 1: though South Carolina is best known for that mustard based 657 00:38:30,880 --> 00:38:34,000 Speaker 1: sauce we just mentioned, there are other regional barbecues and 658 00:38:34,040 --> 00:38:36,839 Speaker 1: sauces in that state as well. And that is not 659 00:38:36,960 --> 00:38:42,480 Speaker 1: even getting into that disagreement of Tracy referenced earlier. Whose 660 00:38:42,520 --> 00:38:45,520 Speaker 1: definitions are right or which way or which city of 661 00:38:45,520 --> 00:38:48,279 Speaker 1: Brunswick was the one that actually invented the barbecue side 662 00:38:48,280 --> 00:38:51,600 Speaker 1: dish of Brunswick sto and my family. We also made 663 00:38:51,600 --> 00:38:55,520 Speaker 1: it in a way that it was the entree. So yeah, yeah, 664 00:38:55,920 --> 00:38:58,320 Speaker 1: um so yeah. That you will not have to listen 665 00:38:58,360 --> 00:39:01,400 Speaker 1: to us a and its smoked over hickory for fifteen 666 00:39:01,440 --> 00:39:04,080 Speaker 1: times with this. But we do want to do though, 667 00:39:04,239 --> 00:39:06,960 Speaker 1: is note an outlier in all of that, which is 668 00:39:07,400 --> 00:39:12,680 Speaker 1: Kansas City Barbecue. Most there was there was division in 669 00:39:12,760 --> 00:39:16,360 Speaker 1: people's responses. This is why there are fisticuffs at barbecue. 670 00:39:17,680 --> 00:39:21,640 Speaker 1: Uh So, most of the regional barbecue styles stick to 671 00:39:21,680 --> 00:39:24,440 Speaker 1: meet from one kind of animal, maybe two. They might 672 00:39:24,480 --> 00:39:27,280 Speaker 1: have several signature preparations of that thing, but it's usually 673 00:39:27,280 --> 00:39:31,840 Speaker 1: one thing. In Kansas City, though, they barbecue everything. Henry Perry, 674 00:39:31,840 --> 00:39:35,000 Speaker 1: who was born in Memphis, is nicknamed the father of 675 00:39:35,080 --> 00:39:38,600 Speaker 1: Kansas City barbecue. In nineteen seventeen, he ran a holiday 676 00:39:38,640 --> 00:39:40,920 Speaker 1: ad encouraging people to call on him for all their 677 00:39:40,960 --> 00:39:47,640 Speaker 1: barbecued meats that included possum, groundhog, raccoon, beef, pork, and mutton. Uh. 678 00:39:47,760 --> 00:39:49,720 Speaker 1: You might not find all of those on a menu 679 00:39:49,840 --> 00:39:52,840 Speaker 1: today in Kansas City, but in generally you will find 680 00:39:52,920 --> 00:39:55,960 Speaker 1: way more meat variety than you will in the traditional 681 00:39:56,000 --> 00:39:59,879 Speaker 1: barbecues of other places. Restaurants are not the only thing 682 00:40:00,080 --> 00:40:03,200 Speaker 1: have had such a huge influence on barbecue. For most 683 00:40:03,280 --> 00:40:05,799 Speaker 1: of the dish's history, it's been all about cooking meat 684 00:40:05,880 --> 00:40:09,200 Speaker 1: slowly over low or indirect heat. But today when people 685 00:40:09,200 --> 00:40:11,560 Speaker 1: say they're having a barbecue, they could be talking about, 686 00:40:11,600 --> 00:40:14,160 Speaker 1: i know, cooking on a grill with the flame right 687 00:40:14,239 --> 00:40:16,960 Speaker 1: under what they're cooking in their own backyard. And that's 688 00:40:17,000 --> 00:40:18,600 Speaker 1: really a trend that started all the way back in 689 00:40:18,640 --> 00:40:22,759 Speaker 1: the nineteen twenties when architects and designers started building barbecues 690 00:40:22,840 --> 00:40:27,560 Speaker 1: in new homes. Uh. At first these were permanent, raised 691 00:40:27,600 --> 00:40:31,040 Speaker 1: brick structures, and then portable grills became a thing not 692 00:40:31,160 --> 00:40:33,400 Speaker 1: long after that. The heat was a lot more direct 693 00:40:33,440 --> 00:40:36,120 Speaker 1: than in a traditional barbecue pit that had been around 694 00:40:36,160 --> 00:40:38,839 Speaker 1: for hundreds of years at that point. Um. But for 695 00:40:38,920 --> 00:40:42,080 Speaker 1: folks who feel like barbecue should not ever be used 696 00:40:42,080 --> 00:40:44,279 Speaker 1: as a synonym for grill, that's a usage that goes 697 00:40:44,320 --> 00:40:46,319 Speaker 1: all the way back to about the twenties. So we're 698 00:40:46,360 --> 00:40:50,480 Speaker 1: almost that a hundred years of people saying that charcoal brackets, incidentally, 699 00:40:50,520 --> 00:40:53,240 Speaker 1: also go back to the nineteen twenties. They were patented 700 00:40:53,280 --> 00:40:56,239 Speaker 1: by Oran F. Stafford of the University of Oregon in 701 00:40:56,320 --> 00:41:00,200 Speaker 1: ninety six, and then Henry Ford realized that he had 702 00:41:00,239 --> 00:41:03,960 Speaker 1: used the wood waste from his automobile plants to make them. Uh. 703 00:41:04,000 --> 00:41:07,239 Speaker 1: They were not, however, a commercial success until the nineteen fifties, 704 00:41:07,280 --> 00:41:10,359 Speaker 1: and that is when Ford's briquette facility was bought and 705 00:41:10,400 --> 00:41:13,200 Speaker 1: renamed Kingsford, after the man that had sold forward his 706 00:41:13,239 --> 00:41:17,560 Speaker 1: timberland in the first place. Big Kingsford fan right here. Um. 707 00:41:17,600 --> 00:41:20,560 Speaker 1: And that is when Kingsford briquettes started to be sold 708 00:41:20,560 --> 00:41:23,640 Speaker 1: in grocery stores, and this person became very excited about it. 709 00:41:25,680 --> 00:41:28,640 Speaker 1: At about that same time, home barbecues also got another 710 00:41:28,719 --> 00:41:32,040 Speaker 1: jolt as post World War two economic expansion led people, 711 00:41:32,120 --> 00:41:35,239 Speaker 1: particularly white people, to move into the suburbs, so more 712 00:41:35,280 --> 00:41:38,720 Speaker 1: people had yards, and more yards had barbecues. The webber 713 00:41:38,800 --> 00:41:42,440 Speaker 1: grill made its debut in ninety six. Before that point, 714 00:41:42,680 --> 00:41:45,520 Speaker 1: home grills did not have lids, so people had to 715 00:41:45,560 --> 00:41:49,480 Speaker 1: fight with the wind all the time. Commercially bottled barbecue 716 00:41:49,480 --> 00:41:52,440 Speaker 1: sauces also started taking off in the forties and fifties 717 00:41:52,480 --> 00:41:55,000 Speaker 1: as well. Before that, it had been common for people 718 00:41:55,040 --> 00:41:58,080 Speaker 1: to just make their own. Then the gas grill, which 719 00:41:58,120 --> 00:42:00,719 Speaker 1: I know a lot of people think is heretical, that 720 00:42:00,800 --> 00:42:04,359 Speaker 1: made its debut in the nineteen sixties. That low and 721 00:42:04,440 --> 00:42:08,080 Speaker 1: slow cooked over fire barbecue started to actually struggle a 722 00:42:08,160 --> 00:42:10,880 Speaker 1: little bit in the nineteen seventies because it takes a 723 00:42:10,960 --> 00:42:13,840 Speaker 1: lot of hardwood to run a barbecue restaurant, and it 724 00:42:13,880 --> 00:42:15,759 Speaker 1: got harder and harder to come by and more and 725 00:42:15,800 --> 00:42:18,680 Speaker 1: more expensive, and laws that were meant to protect the 726 00:42:18,760 --> 00:42:21,319 Speaker 1: environment also made it a lot more challenging to run 727 00:42:21,320 --> 00:42:25,080 Speaker 1: a business that required the constant burning of wood. Labor 728 00:42:25,120 --> 00:42:27,560 Speaker 1: costs were also on the rise during this time, and 729 00:42:28,040 --> 00:42:31,920 Speaker 1: fast food restaurants and home grills had made other foods 730 00:42:31,960 --> 00:42:35,160 Speaker 1: like hamburgers and hot dogs a lot more popular, but 731 00:42:35,239 --> 00:42:38,040 Speaker 1: that more traditional barbecue has really had a resurgence in 732 00:42:38,120 --> 00:42:41,640 Speaker 1: more recent years thanks to competitions and television shows and 733 00:42:41,760 --> 00:42:45,319 Speaker 1: just an overall restaurant boom and in some cases a 734 00:42:45,360 --> 00:42:49,959 Speaker 1: willingness to slow cook meat by other methods than over 735 00:42:50,040 --> 00:42:52,120 Speaker 1: hardwood smoke, which I know a lot of people have 736 00:42:52,160 --> 00:42:55,960 Speaker 1: strong feelings about. Brooklyn, New York, even has its own 737 00:42:56,000 --> 00:42:59,960 Speaker 1: barbecue now, which the Internet was really really ready. It's 738 00:43:00,000 --> 00:43:02,719 Speaker 1: to make fun of. When somebody tweeted a picture have 739 00:43:02,800 --> 00:43:06,759 Speaker 1: a very sad looking tray of it in March. None 740 00:43:06,800 --> 00:43:09,239 Speaker 1: of you saw this on Twitter. It was literally a 741 00:43:09,280 --> 00:43:11,640 Speaker 1: tray with what looked like maybe three pieces of biscuit, 742 00:43:11,719 --> 00:43:15,400 Speaker 1: two rolls in like a pickle. I think it's pretty sad. 743 00:43:15,560 --> 00:43:18,520 Speaker 1: The Internet was really ready to make fun of that. Yeah, 744 00:43:18,560 --> 00:43:22,120 Speaker 1: it was like the sad faced, humble figuring of plates. 745 00:43:22,200 --> 00:43:24,920 Speaker 1: It was not okay. It made you go, I'm sorry 746 00:43:25,080 --> 00:43:27,920 Speaker 1: animal that gave your life to make that it was. 747 00:43:28,600 --> 00:43:33,000 Speaker 1: That was basically the response that the internet had. Uh. 748 00:43:33,000 --> 00:43:36,200 Speaker 1: And that is our brief history of Barbecue. Thank you 749 00:43:36,200 --> 00:43:41,480 Speaker 1: guys so much for being an amazing Thank you, Thank 750 00:43:41,520 --> 00:43:45,080 Speaker 1: you so much to everybody who came out for this show. 751 00:43:45,280 --> 00:43:48,719 Speaker 1: All three of these audiences were just amazing. Yep. I 752 00:43:48,800 --> 00:43:51,359 Speaker 1: want to tour Texas every time because they were fantastic. 753 00:43:52,080 --> 00:43:53,640 Speaker 1: But we also want to make sure that we thank 754 00:43:53,719 --> 00:43:56,840 Speaker 1: the staff at the North Door in Austin, Sons of Herman, 755 00:43:56,920 --> 00:44:00,160 Speaker 1: Holland Dallas, and Secret Group in Houston all for howing 756 00:44:00,239 --> 00:44:02,960 Speaker 1: us and being incredibly lovely and sweet and making this 757 00:44:03,080 --> 00:44:06,239 Speaker 1: just an incredibly fun trip. And also thanks so much 758 00:44:06,280 --> 00:44:08,520 Speaker 1: to Headcount for being with us for part of the 759 00:44:08,560 --> 00:44:12,120 Speaker 1: tour to register people to vote and to provide other 760 00:44:12,239 --> 00:44:15,799 Speaker 1: voter information. They are awesome. We've worked with them on 761 00:44:15,840 --> 00:44:18,719 Speaker 1: all of our tours so far and we love having them. Yes, 762 00:44:18,800 --> 00:44:21,520 Speaker 1: they're Uh. It makes me so happy every time I 763 00:44:21,520 --> 00:44:24,759 Speaker 1: see them. Uh just thrills me that we get to 764 00:44:24,800 --> 00:44:26,520 Speaker 1: have them at our shows. Uh. Do you have a 765 00:44:26,520 --> 00:44:28,360 Speaker 1: little bit of listener mailed around this one? Up? I 766 00:44:28,440 --> 00:44:31,760 Speaker 1: sure do. This is from Charlotte. Charlotte says, Hi, Holly 767 00:44:31,840 --> 00:44:35,239 Speaker 1: and Tracy, I attended your Houston Live show last night 768 00:44:35,280 --> 00:44:37,440 Speaker 1: and it was a delight. Thank you so much for 769 00:44:37,520 --> 00:44:40,359 Speaker 1: coming to Houston and sharing your wonderful selves with us 770 00:44:40,360 --> 00:44:42,759 Speaker 1: for an evening. Before I lived in Houston, I lived 771 00:44:42,760 --> 00:44:44,799 Speaker 1: in Chicago, near the south side of the city, and 772 00:44:44,840 --> 00:44:48,520 Speaker 1: I was wondering if in your explorations of regional barbecue 773 00:44:48,800 --> 00:44:51,799 Speaker 1: you'd come across Chicago barbecue. I think the story of 774 00:44:51,840 --> 00:44:54,719 Speaker 1: barbecue on the South Side is really interesting because it's 775 00:44:54,840 --> 00:44:58,120 Speaker 1: largely the product of the Great Migration. As African American 776 00:44:58,160 --> 00:45:01,200 Speaker 1: families moved north, they brought barbecue with them and adapted 777 00:45:01,200 --> 00:45:04,880 Speaker 1: it to the new urban environment of Chicago, exchanging outdoor 778 00:45:04,960 --> 00:45:08,839 Speaker 1: pits for aquarium smokers basically metal and glass tanks where 779 00:45:08,840 --> 00:45:11,799 Speaker 1: the meat is cooked. Charlotte then gave us a couple 780 00:45:11,840 --> 00:45:14,480 Speaker 1: of links about that no shade to my current home, 781 00:45:14,560 --> 00:45:17,839 Speaker 1: but Chicago barbecue is just as delicious as barbecue farther south, 782 00:45:17,880 --> 00:45:20,000 Speaker 1: and I believe it tells an important story about how 783 00:45:20,040 --> 00:45:23,600 Speaker 1: food culture adapts to and reflects larger changes in the 784 00:45:23,640 --> 00:45:27,040 Speaker 1: historical and social environment. Thank you again. I hope you 785 00:45:27,120 --> 00:45:30,120 Speaker 1: enjoyed your time in Texas, Charlotte. Thank you so much. Charlotte. 786 00:45:30,120 --> 00:45:32,759 Speaker 1: That seemed like an incredibly appropriate email to share. For 787 00:45:32,800 --> 00:45:36,680 Speaker 1: the list of real segment of this episode, I did 788 00:45:36,719 --> 00:45:40,040 Speaker 1: find a little bit about Chicago barbecue. We talked about this, 789 00:45:40,840 --> 00:45:43,840 Speaker 1: uh in the live show during our ad break time 790 00:45:43,920 --> 00:45:45,279 Speaker 1: and during the Q and a s that we do 791 00:45:45,360 --> 00:45:48,960 Speaker 1: after the show at almost every stop. I originally had 792 00:45:49,040 --> 00:45:52,560 Speaker 1: plans to talk about all of the major regional styles 793 00:45:52,600 --> 00:45:55,680 Speaker 1: of barbecue in that episode, and we mentioned it briefly 794 00:45:55,719 --> 00:45:57,640 Speaker 1: in this one. That turned out to just not be 795 00:45:58,520 --> 00:46:03,319 Speaker 1: entirely feasible because there are a lot of them, and 796 00:46:03,360 --> 00:46:06,400 Speaker 1: in the context of an audio podcast, the ingredients and 797 00:46:06,520 --> 00:46:10,040 Speaker 1: such start to sound a little bit repetitive. UH, So 798 00:46:10,200 --> 00:46:12,720 Speaker 1: we did not get into that. But if you're interested 799 00:46:12,760 --> 00:46:16,200 Speaker 1: in that kind of information, there is so much stuff 800 00:46:16,239 --> 00:46:19,360 Speaker 1: on the web. If you google regional barbecue styles, you 801 00:46:19,360 --> 00:46:24,560 Speaker 1: will find lots of different thoughts from various folks about 802 00:46:25,480 --> 00:46:28,279 Speaker 1: which ones are the most delicious and and what their 803 00:46:28,280 --> 00:46:31,800 Speaker 1: experiences are with them, and lots of articles that highlight 804 00:46:31,920 --> 00:46:34,279 Speaker 1: the various regional styles and how they came to be, 805 00:46:34,960 --> 00:46:37,160 Speaker 1: which they all have very cool stories, but not ones 806 00:46:37,239 --> 00:46:39,960 Speaker 1: that we could uh and really do justice too in 807 00:46:40,239 --> 00:46:42,120 Speaker 1: a live show like that. And I also wanted to 808 00:46:42,120 --> 00:46:44,879 Speaker 1: shout out to the various folks we've We've heard from 809 00:46:44,920 --> 00:46:47,360 Speaker 1: several people who were planning to come to the podcast, 810 00:46:47,840 --> 00:46:52,560 Speaker 1: but we're prevented by various circumstances, and we certainly appreciate 811 00:46:52,600 --> 00:46:55,000 Speaker 1: you all. Also, do not feel badly if you had 812 00:46:55,040 --> 00:46:58,719 Speaker 1: to miss the show because something happened. Uh. Really, you 813 00:46:58,760 --> 00:47:00,600 Speaker 1: were there in spirit and now you get to listen 814 00:47:00,640 --> 00:47:03,520 Speaker 1: to the episode as an episode of the podcast. So 815 00:47:03,920 --> 00:47:05,480 Speaker 1: if you would like to write to us about this 816 00:47:05,640 --> 00:47:08,279 Speaker 1: or any other podcast, we're at history podcast that I 817 00:47:08,320 --> 00:47:10,759 Speaker 1: heart radio dot com, and then we're also all over 818 00:47:10,840 --> 00:47:15,000 Speaker 1: social media. Missed in History. That's where you'll find our Facebook, Pinterest, Twitter, 819 00:47:15,120 --> 00:47:17,560 Speaker 1: and Instagram. You can come to our website, which is 820 00:47:17,600 --> 00:47:19,799 Speaker 1: missed in History dot com, where you'll find show notes 821 00:47:19,800 --> 00:47:22,080 Speaker 1: of all the episodes Holly and I have worked on together, 822 00:47:22,120 --> 00:47:24,719 Speaker 1: and the ones for this include the links to all 823 00:47:24,719 --> 00:47:26,440 Speaker 1: the things that we read, the books that were part 824 00:47:26,480 --> 00:47:28,919 Speaker 1: of it, all of that. Uh. And you can also 825 00:47:28,960 --> 00:47:32,000 Speaker 1: get a searchable archive of every episode ever on our website, 826 00:47:32,080 --> 00:47:34,600 Speaker 1: and you can subscribe to our show on Apple, podcast, 827 00:47:34,680 --> 00:47:37,360 Speaker 1: the iHeart radio app, and anywhere else you get a podcast. 828 00:47:42,640 --> 00:47:44,759 Speaker 1: Stuff You Missed in History Class is a production of 829 00:47:44,800 --> 00:47:47,840 Speaker 1: I Heart Radio's How Stuff Works. For more podcasts for 830 00:47:47,920 --> 00:47:51,120 Speaker 1: my heart Radio, visit the iHeart Radio app, Apple podcasts, 831 00:47:51,239 --> 00:47:53,200 Speaker 1: or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.