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Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff you Should Know from house Stuff Works

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Speaker 1: dot com. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark.

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Speaker 1: There's Charles W. Chuck Bryant, Jerry's over there. So this

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Speaker 1: is stuff you should know. Here we are now. Thatcher

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Speaker 1: did lighten what mode? Yes, don't like that, said Josh.

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Speaker 1: But I did include a Nirvana reference in there when

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Speaker 1: I said here we are now. Oh, I did not

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Speaker 1: catch that. I noticed very nice, very little. I slid

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Speaker 1: that one in there. Yeah. Yeah, how you doing? Are

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Speaker 1: you feeling centered? Uh? No, I'm all whacka do Your

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Speaker 1: shockers are all over the place. My shackras are all

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Speaker 1: over the place, so much so that I couldn't think

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Speaker 1: of anything. So all I did was repeat you. Well,

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Speaker 1: you know, man, I have to say. While we were

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Speaker 1: researching this, I was like this some beautiful stuff. It's

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Speaker 1: very appealing. Yeah, actually it was. It's neat stuff, like

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Speaker 1: I I was. I became calm in researching this. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: that's a good thing. I think. Um this, you can

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Speaker 1: tie this in. We have a couple of related episodes,

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Speaker 1: and we might as well as call this the uh Enlightenment. Sweet?

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Speaker 1: How about that? I'd like that Karma from July and

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Speaker 1: Reincarnation from July and Burning Man, the angriest people in yours.

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Speaker 1: Uh yeah. And you know our our our buddy in

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Speaker 1: New York, Rachel Grundy, as a Buddhist. Yeah yeah, and

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Speaker 1: she's I talked to her about it so because I

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Speaker 1: was like, you know, GRUNDI I've meditated some and it

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Speaker 1: really appeals to me. And like a true Buddhist, She's like,

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Speaker 1: it's great, man, here, I'll send you some stuff, no press,

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Speaker 1: you know, let's see you some pamphlets. Yeah, that's basically

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Speaker 1: what she did. She wasn't like, you know, you should

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Speaker 1: look at this. You know, it's a little uh, let's

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Speaker 1: overbearing than other religions I found. I got you, you

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Speaker 1: know what I mean. Now, Rachel Grundy does the literary

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Speaker 1: pub crawl right if she still do that, I don't

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Speaker 1: know she still does that. She used to, But we

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Speaker 1: can plug her band Coyote Love. How about that? There

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Speaker 1: you go, And she just adopted the dogs of congratulations,

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Speaker 1: congratulations to everybody. Um, that's the Buddhist way. That is

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Speaker 1: so nirvana. I thought was the perfect way to cap

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Speaker 1: off Karma and Reincarnation. Yeah, as the third part, and

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Speaker 1: maybe we should do meditation. Maybe we should make it

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Speaker 1: a four parter. Yeah, that could probably be interesting. I'm

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Speaker 1: sure there's a lot of studies about the physiological effects

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Speaker 1: of it and all that. Yeah, let's do it. Okay, alright, alright,

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Speaker 1: that's an it's agreed upon. Then, and then the what

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Speaker 1: do you call it? The what suite? Uh? The Enlightenment sweet?

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Speaker 1: The Enlightenment sweet, not to be confused with the Transidentalists

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Speaker 1: or the Enlightenment episode man, which just doesn't factor into

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Speaker 1: this at all. No, Okay, So, Chuck, we're talking Nirvan Anna.

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Speaker 1: You have like a conception of it. I have a

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Speaker 1: conception of it. But in researching one of the things,

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Speaker 1: and I also knew that Buddhists and Hindus share a

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Speaker 1: lot of cosmology. I thought you're gonna say they hate

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Speaker 1: each other. No, I don't get that impression. No, of

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Speaker 1: course not, um, but they they are. Buddhism is a

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Speaker 1: an offshoot of Hinduism. Yeah, it's a spinoff. It's the aftermatch.

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Speaker 1: It is. It's the JOONI loves Chacci of religions. What else, maud?

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Speaker 1: What was that? An offshoot of Mary Tyler more, Mary

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Speaker 1: Tyler Moore? Right, it's the Jefferson's Yeah from march Archie

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Speaker 1: Bunker or absolutely, I could do this for at least

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Speaker 1: thirty straight minutes. Yeah, we should do an episode on

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Speaker 1: the spinoffs where we just say spinoff names and just

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Speaker 1: hold thumbs up or down, and but we don't say

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Speaker 1: people just guess what are we doing right now? It's

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Speaker 1: the Threes company spinoff of Hogans here us. That's good. Okay,

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Speaker 1: we're done, Yeah, we're done. Okay. I did not realize that,

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Speaker 1: I guess, is what I'm saying. I knew that they

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Speaker 1: were related, I didn't realize that it was like a

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Speaker 1: direct offshoot where basically the Buddha whose name whose original

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Speaker 1: name was Siddartha gaua Tama. Did you know that actually Saddarta? Okay,

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Speaker 1: so the h is silent gau tama. Nice. Yes, I

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Speaker 1: actually looked at pronunciations or listened to them for this

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Speaker 1: episode for once. I'm proud of you. I'm also a

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Speaker 1: little ashamed because you did that and I didn't. That

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Speaker 1: was all for Grundy. I was going. I was going

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Speaker 1: with the with the original status quo. It's just mangling

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Speaker 1: words of foreign origin. Well, I'm trying to mix things

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Speaker 1: up here, fifteen years in and scientific words to not

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Speaker 1: just foreign ones. So, uh, you were talking about Saddharta

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Speaker 1: gal Tama, right, he was born into as a Hindu

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Speaker 1: a Hindu family and decided like, yeah, I'm not too

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Speaker 1: hip on Hindoo. I think there's other ways to go.

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Speaker 1: And there's Buddhism. Uh yeah, that's the quick version. YadA YadA, YadA.

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Speaker 1: There's Buddhism. Yeah, this is fifth century b C. In

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Speaker 1: the age of course. And uh, like you said, he

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Speaker 1: would later become the Buddha, which is not to be

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Speaker 1: confused with Buddha. A Buddha exactly which you want to

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Speaker 1: be a Buddha, Go do it, Chuck, you can do it.

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Speaker 1: You couldn't be the Buddha because that's Saddharta's right, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: but you could be a Buddha. I could be a

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Speaker 1: layman's version, I believe, right, Okay, because like only monks

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Speaker 1: generally achieve the state of a Buddha. So in researching this,

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Speaker 1: if you wanted to, you could be like Sion or

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Speaker 1: a life I'm going to become a Buddhist monk and

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Speaker 1: conceivably achieve nirvana in this lifetime. You could be because

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Speaker 1: you're a human being. You're incarnated as a human being

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Speaker 1: into this moral coil, and if you wanted to, you

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Speaker 1: could go do it. But in researching this, yes, apparently

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Speaker 1: it's typically left to the Buddhist monks because they're the

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Speaker 1: ones who are like, who at the time sign our life? Yeah,

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Speaker 1: because you gotta drop out in a lot of ways,

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Speaker 1: not entirely. I mean, Buddhist monks like still filter amongst

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Speaker 1: the masses and all that. But um, for the most part,

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Speaker 1: they're focusing a lot more on achieving nirvana than the

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Speaker 1: average day to day person does, even like a day

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Speaker 1: to day Buddhist or something. Yeah, it's not. It's not

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Speaker 1: a part time job. You're not like, uh, sitting around

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Speaker 1: on Netflix, like should I watch Oranges in New Black?

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Speaker 1: Or should I meditate for eight hours? You know? Can

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Speaker 1: I do both? You can? By the way, that's called

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Speaker 1: zoning out. So, uh, let's talk a little bit more

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Speaker 1: about Siddharta's journey. Um, this is a five sixty three

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Speaker 1: BC and modern day Nepal or what would be modern

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Speaker 1: day Nepal. Does the way back machine go there? Yeah?

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Speaker 1: You want to go? All right? It sounds like a

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Speaker 1: lovely time. All right, here we are it's cold. It's lovely.

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Speaker 1: You know, it's funny. I didn't take it as cold.

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Speaker 1: I thought we would be going back to like maybe spring,

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Speaker 1: but yeah, it's really cold here right now. It's a

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Speaker 1: good thing. You're wearing the ox hide, you know, lined

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Speaker 1: with serpa. Uh so, see said Arta over there. And

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Speaker 1: he is a rich dude, and he is very sheltered dude.

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Speaker 1: And despite all these riches and uh, this lifestyle, he's

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Speaker 1: very pampered. He's kind of I can see it in

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Speaker 1: his eyes. He is dissatisfied. He is dissatisfied. He was

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Speaker 1: born into a ruling class, very powerful, like you said,

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Speaker 1: rich family, and he's part of the idol rich, but

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Speaker 1: he's part of the thinking idol rich. So he started

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Speaker 1: to question his place in life, which is basically what

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Speaker 1: you said. Right. Yeah, he starts to to mold this

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Speaker 1: over and like maybe there's more. Uh, it's a very

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Speaker 1: long story, and we could spend hours talking about this,

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Speaker 1: but I've seen a yeah, because like you can't do

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Speaker 1: it part time, like I said, um, but I'm looking

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Speaker 1: at him and basically I can tell that his disillusionment

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Speaker 1: has has reached its apex, and it is culminated by

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Speaker 1: him looking out in the window one day and he

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Speaker 1: sees three things from his little palace window. He sees

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Speaker 1: a decrepit old man, he sees a disease man, and

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Speaker 1: then he sees a corpse. And he's done, I guess so.

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Speaker 1: And he's like, you know what, I'm I'm done with

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Speaker 1: this life. Can't take it anymore. Even though I have

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Speaker 1: my arranged wife, my cousin whom I married, I was

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Speaker 1: forced to marry. I have a beautiful son whom I love.

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Speaker 1: I'm going to leave them. I'm gonna leave all my possessions,

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Speaker 1: and I'm going to go on a quest, a vision quest,

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Speaker 1: if you will, to understand the true nature of life.

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Speaker 1: And here I go right and back we are to

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Speaker 1: the present day. So you can hang your ox hide

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Speaker 1: And that Sherpa on the coat wreck. Well, well there's

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Speaker 1: more to this story. How do we have to go back? Yeah,

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Speaker 1: we gotta go back. I gotta go on, short pants,

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Speaker 1: put your put your pants back on. Uh so chuck.

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Speaker 1: Here we are back again, And um said Arta is

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Speaker 1: he's gone from a very rich, powerful family. He's decided

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Speaker 1: to go on this vision quest. He thinks, well, I mean,

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Speaker 1: if I was very dissatisfied, and I think it's kind

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Speaker 1: of wrong to be as grossly rich as I was

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Speaker 1: the family I was born into. I'll just go the

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Speaker 1: exact opposite route, and I'll become a hermit, a completely

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Speaker 1: poverty stricken hermit who has not even a pot to

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Speaker 1: pee in. Yeah, not even that, right. And he figures

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Speaker 1: out that as he's um starving to death, that it's

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Speaker 1: not leading to any kind of enlightenment. He's actually growing

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Speaker 1: increasingly uncomfortable. It's getting harder and harder for him to

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Speaker 1: pay attention to enlightenment because you say he's hungry and

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Speaker 1: hungrier um, And he realizes, wait a minute, maybe this

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Speaker 1: isn't the right way to go. Maybe polar extremes are

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Speaker 1: a little too extreme. Yeah, what if I die without

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Speaker 1: achieving my goal? That would just have been a waste

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Speaker 1: of life. Yeah, I would have been poverty stricken and great,

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Speaker 1: But that doesn't lead to enlightenment clearly. So here comes

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Speaker 1: a stranger who's offering me a meal. I'm gonna take it.

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Speaker 1: I'm gonna I'm gonna be poverty stricken no longer. And

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Speaker 1: maybe I don't need to be rich, but I also

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Speaker 1: don't need to be poverty stricken. I need to take

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Speaker 1: this middle road to enlightenment. So I'm gonna kill that stranger,

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Speaker 1: take all the food with a pigeonhammer. Oh wait, that's

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Speaker 1: not the middle road. That's far from the middle road.

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Speaker 1: That's kind of extreme as well. So he takes a

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Speaker 1: meal from a stranger. He figures out I think finally

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Speaker 1: that like, okay, this is the way to do it,

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Speaker 1: goes and sits under a tree. Um and achieved nirvana.

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Speaker 1: He achieved omniscience. Yeah, there were three stages of that.

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Speaker 1: He saw his past lives, all of them. He saw

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Speaker 1: the past lives of all others, and he's like, I'm

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Speaker 1: really starting to catch onto things here. Things are revealing themselves.

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Speaker 1: And finally he identified the fore noble truths, which we'll

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Speaker 1: talk about in a bit, but those were the three

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Speaker 1: stages under the tree. And in the end of it,

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Speaker 1: he said, you know, and I gained a perfect understanding

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Speaker 1: of the laws governing the cycle of birth and death.

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Speaker 1: Like it's it's nirvana. Boom, it's nirvana, and nirvana we

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Speaker 1: should probably say um. Once he achieved nirvana, he didn't

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Speaker 1: say it's nirvana. No, he couldn't say much. Actually, one

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Speaker 1: of the things that came across in research time and

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Speaker 1: time again is that he very famously couldn't put it

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Speaker 1: into words a description of what he experienced in this

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Speaker 1: new state of enlightenment that he was vibing in. It's

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Speaker 1: like Catulu kind of. It was the unnameable, you know. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: but everybody trusted him anyway. They said, this guy knows

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Speaker 1: where it's at. We're going to start following his teachings. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: In the In Sanskrit, nirvana means to extinguish, though in

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Speaker 1: this case they're talking about extinguishing suffering and hatred and ignorance.

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Speaker 1: No good. So we'll talk about the buddhas um Uh

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Speaker 1: path to enlightenment and his teachings that came out of

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Speaker 1: this achievement of nirvana right after this and we're back.

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Speaker 1: That's pretty funny put an ad in the middle of

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Speaker 1: a Buddhism lesson. Well, we take all comers here with

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Speaker 1: my friend. So if you achieve nirvana, what you're doing

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Speaker 1: is you are breaking that cycle. Um. If you listen

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Speaker 1: to our reincarnation podcast, the sam Sara is that cycle

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Speaker 1: of reincarnation that you can be uh caught in or

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Speaker 1: stuck in. I guess and this is where karma and

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Speaker 1: again we have a great episode on karma. Uh, karma

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Speaker 1: comes into play because what you're doing is you're rewarded

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Speaker 1: on your past actions um, in your current life and

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Speaker 1: earlier lives. Right, does that makes sense? No? It makes sense? Yeah?

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Speaker 1: Sure so? Uh And I love that this article says

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Speaker 1: it's important to note that the law of karma isn't

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Speaker 1: due to God's judgment over a person's behavior. Uh. And

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Speaker 1: it's closer to Newton's law of motion. That makes more sense. Right,

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Speaker 1: For every action, there's an equal and opposite reaction. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: So when like you, you know, step on a snail,

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Speaker 1: you're just like, man, didn't mean to do that. It's

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Speaker 1: gonna come back and bite me later on in another life.

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Speaker 1: And you build up this karma or whatever. But when

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Speaker 1: you uh reach nirvana, you stop accruing bad karma, that's right,

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Speaker 1: You transcend it. Yeah. And when you transcend it, then

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Speaker 1: all of a sudden, you can spend the rest of

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Speaker 1: your life working off that karmic debt that you have

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Speaker 1: already accrued. Because that doesn't just go away paying down

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Speaker 1: a credit card exactly. So. But it's like when you

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Speaker 1: achieved nirvana, the credit cards cut up, so you're not

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Speaker 1: adding to your your account any longer. But you still

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Speaker 1: have some money that you owe and you're paying that

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Speaker 1: off in this life or conceivably other lives following. But

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Speaker 1: at some point your your golden ticket has been granted.

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Speaker 1: You have achieved nirvana. That's right. And when that happens,

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Speaker 1: you are are you have escaped that some Sara, and

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Speaker 1: you have achieved party nirvana. And that is uh the

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Speaker 1: final stage that you find in the afterlife. Um. And

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Speaker 1: in the case of Suddharta, he was eight years old

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Speaker 1: when he passed, and he in a state of meditation,

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Speaker 1: basically saying to his people around him, it's all good man,

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Speaker 1: this is like, this is the goal. It was like

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Speaker 1: a great way to pass, you know, yeah, like we

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Speaker 1: should all pass that way. Sure, tell him everybody it's

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Speaker 1: all good. Yeah, pretty much like Waterson style. So he's

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Speaker 1: going alright, alright, those for his last words, if I'm

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Speaker 1: not mistaken. UM. So, when when one achieves nirvana, UM,

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Speaker 1: and you escape the cycle ofst I'm sara. You Eventually,

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Speaker 1: when you die and you work off your karmic debt

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Speaker 1: and you're no longer reincarnated, you become you basically travel

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Speaker 1: to another to mention another realm. It's just something different

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Speaker 1: that basically exists outside of space time, as modern Buddhists

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Speaker 1: would say. Um, and you are kind of one with

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Speaker 1: the universe. You just become a a selfless part of

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Speaker 1: the universe. That sounds beautiful to me. So pot of

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Speaker 1: Nirvana Day or just Nirvana Day is celebrated on February

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Speaker 1: fift in East Asia. Uh, celebrations very evidently. I looked

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Speaker 1: it up. Apparently some people just meditate, some people are

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Speaker 1: just reflective. A lot of times in monasteries of food

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Speaker 1: is prepared and shared. But that is a February fifty

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Speaker 1: Nirvana Day. So chuck. If you become a U, a

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Speaker 1: Buddhist monk, and you achieve nirvana. Um. And let's say

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Speaker 1: you're not a Buddhist monk, and you know, let's say

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Speaker 1: you are. Okay, so you're a Buddhist mon I keep

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Speaker 1: putting on these clothes and taking them off. You achieve nirvana. Um.

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Speaker 1: You become a Buddha right, not again, not the Buddha,

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Speaker 1: but a Buddha like your which means an enlightened one. Right. Um.

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Speaker 1: And if you say I have got some time and money,

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Speaker 1: and I'm going to hire you a Buddha to lead

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Speaker 1: me to nirvana. You're almost like a junior Buddha. Um,

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Speaker 1: there's a different word form. They're called our hots. Uh yeah,

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Speaker 1: our hit that's what I found. Yeah, okay, that's right.

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Speaker 1: That's when you have a Buddha guide to guide you. Uh.

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Speaker 1: And you are not You're enlightened. You're just not omniscient. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: not bad though, Yeah, big difference though not omniscient and omniscient.

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Speaker 1: There's a pretty big difference between those two things, you know. So, um,

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Speaker 1: when uh, the Buddha came back from his um and like,

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Speaker 1: well what what? Once he achieved his enlightened state, he

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Speaker 1: started trying to tell people like, you can be like

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Speaker 1: this too, and here's how you do it. He said

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Speaker 1: that there are it's very simple. There are just four

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Speaker 1: noble truths. It's all you need to know until you

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Speaker 1: realize that the fourth noble truth mentions an eight full

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Speaker 1: path and suddenly like it's exponentially more involved, but it's

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Speaker 1: still fairly simple stuff. Yeah. He taught this for the

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Speaker 1: last forty five years of his life. Number one is

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Speaker 1: that life is suffering, and I think that was he

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Speaker 1: was clued into that from his window that day. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: it was the suffering that really made him go, like, man,

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Speaker 1: this is life, that old guy, that dead body. If

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Speaker 1: this is life, who needs enemies? Oh? Good point. Uh.

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Speaker 1: Number two, suffering is caused by ignorance of the true

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Speaker 1: nature of the universe. So ignorance is not bliss. Ignorance

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Speaker 1: is no good no. And basically the true nature of

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Speaker 1: the universe is that, um, we are made unhappy by wanting,

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Speaker 1: by craving things, and that we can free ourselves from

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Speaker 1: those things by overcoming them. That's right. That's number three.

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Speaker 1: You can end that suffering. Uh. And then number four

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Speaker 1: is if you attach yourselves and follow the four I'm sorry,

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Speaker 1: the Noble eightfold Path, not the four, then you're all set.

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Speaker 1: You can overcome all that junk. It's like, just remember

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Speaker 1: these four things and then these extra eight things. So

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Speaker 1: the eight full Path and Noble eight full Path are

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Speaker 1: the ideals um that guide you along the way, and

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Speaker 1: they're broken down into three divisions. There's samas. The divisions

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Speaker 1: are samas. Oh no, the the the individual paths are

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Speaker 1: called samas. Well. The first two are under the division

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Speaker 1: of wisdom, right views, and right intention, and it's free

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Speaker 1: samas are are frequently translated into right here in the

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Speaker 1: Western English. Um, and it doesn't this article I read

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Speaker 1: by this one guy said, like, that doesn't mean that

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Speaker 1: the opposite of that is wrong. It's more right. It's

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Speaker 1: more like um, right in this sense means complete perfect hole. Yeah. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: so the opposite of that would be incomplete and perfect,

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Speaker 1: not whole. That makes sense rather than wrong, right, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I get it. Yeah. The second division is ethical conduct,

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Speaker 1: and under there you have uh complete or right speech,

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Speaker 1: right action, and right livelihood. Right, So, working for Goldman

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Speaker 1: Sachs or clubbing baby Seals, you're gonna have trouble achieving

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Speaker 1: Nirvana at this in those positions, I would say so

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Speaker 1: probably not. You're probably not seeking nirvana either, right, you know, yeah,

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Speaker 1: uh so you're fine. What about podcasters? Podcasts are totally

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Speaker 1: in there. We're somewhere between clubbing baby Seals and Golden Sacks.

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Speaker 1: And then finally, concentration is the last division, and that

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Speaker 1: is right effort, right mindedness, and right contemplation. Yeah, and

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Speaker 1: the right mindedness is you know, being mindful, being aware.

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Speaker 1: Right effort is like you're directing your effort towards these

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Speaker 1: good things. You're not being slack in your path to enlightenment.

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Speaker 1: And then the last one, right contemplation, is um kind

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Speaker 1: of difficult to understand. It's very least, it's difficult to explain.

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Speaker 1: I found in rees reaching Um, but it's basically focusing

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Speaker 1: your entire self on this, on the Eightfold Path and

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Speaker 1: the four Noble Truths, and yeah, like you're you're really

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Speaker 1: directing all of your thoughts and energy into that. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: And that's what I got from Grundy when I talked

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Speaker 1: to her last time we were up there at the

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Speaker 1: Bell House. She was it's just very soothing. She's just like, man,

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Speaker 1: it's just it's just practice. You're like, it's a cycle.

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Speaker 1: You're just continually trying to do the right thing. And

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Speaker 1: that's like the simplest breakdown. But you know, if something

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Speaker 1: bad happens and you don't, you start over and you

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Speaker 1: try harder, which is like that sounds like really great

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Speaker 1: life principles, you know. So that's Buddhist thought. As far

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Speaker 1: as achieving nirvana, goes Um and Hinduism is actually very

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Speaker 1: closely related, but there are some major distinctions and we

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Speaker 1: will talk all about that right after this. Okay, Chuckers,

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Speaker 1: we're back Um. The Buddhists typically talk about nirvana as

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Speaker 1: nirvana in Hinduism is usually referred to as moksha, but

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Speaker 1: they're basically talking about the same thing. It's this the

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Speaker 1: highest plane of existence wherein you stop being reincarnated um,

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Speaker 1: you have worked off your karmic debt and you reunite

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Speaker 1: with the cosmos, with the universe. And in Hindu cosmology

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Speaker 1: they're talking about Krishna, which is the godhead, which is

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Speaker 1: the source of all things, and Krishna is very frequently

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Speaker 1: Krishna incarnates in three um major deities in all deities

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Speaker 1: and all Hindu all Hindu deities are extensions of Krishna.

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Speaker 1: But the big three are Brahma who's the creator, Vishnu

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Speaker 1: he's who's the sustainer, and um Shiva, who's the destroyer.

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Speaker 1: And when you die, when you achieve moksha, you go

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Speaker 1: and get absorbed into Krishna again. Yeah. And the big

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Speaker 1: difference that UM I think we found with between uh

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Speaker 1: Buddha nirvana and Hindu nirvana or Buddhist nirvana, is that

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Speaker 1: with Hindu you're working your way up through this cast system.

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Speaker 1: Eventually you start out by you have to be born

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Speaker 1: through every type of organism that exists on the planet.

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Speaker 1: You actually make it through under Hindu cosmology, eight million,

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Speaker 1: four hundred thousand different species of animals before you even

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Speaker 1: get to humanity. And then once you become a human,

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Speaker 1: you can go through countless lives in different casts over

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Speaker 1: and over again. But those casts are hierarchical, and you,

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Speaker 1: like you start, are working your way up. Yeah, that's

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Speaker 1: called the varna, and you get that good karma you

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Speaker 1: perform by performing duties in that cast, and then basically

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Speaker 1: once you have it's almost like a graduation in the

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Speaker 1: next life if you've done well to the next cast up. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: And there's actually there's a lot of debate right now

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Speaker 1: because um Gandhi was famously thrown out of his cast

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Speaker 1: the by Shaya. I believe it's the merchant class, and

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Speaker 1: um he was thrown out of it because he championed

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Speaker 1: for the rights of the lowest class, the sudra um,

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Speaker 1: who basically we're responsible for um handling, picking up dead

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Speaker 1: animals and taking care of the rest of the community's waste.

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Speaker 1: And basically we're just generally mistreated by the higher casts.

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Speaker 1: And so there's this question now in modern Hinduism like,

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Speaker 1: does the cast system still fit? Is it's still appropriate?

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Speaker 1: But the thing is is if it's not a reflect

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Speaker 1: shouldn't of say God's punishment? But something is physical, is

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Speaker 1: like the second law of thermodynamics or motion. Sorry, um,

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Speaker 1: that it's just a reaction to some other action you've

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Speaker 1: took in the past life. Who are humans to say

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Speaker 1: that the cast system is no longer appropriate. It's just

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Speaker 1: part of the universe. But then if it turns out

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Speaker 1: to human construct, well then it gets kind of ticklish,

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Speaker 1: right because it undermines this Hindu cosmology. So it's a

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Speaker 1: weird place that modern Hinduism is in right now talking

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Speaker 1: about whether or not to do away with the cast system. Interesting,

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Speaker 1: what do you think I think that's up to Hindu?

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Speaker 1: Good answer? Thanks? Uh So, I would imagine that Gandhi

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Speaker 1: then in his next life was definitely in that next

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Speaker 1: cast up. Huh. I would guess if he didn't just

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Speaker 1: achieve moksha right then and there, here's a pretty good guy,

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Speaker 1: you're Gandhi. Well, just you can skip a few levels. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: And that's the thing. Like, Um, the the highest classes,

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Speaker 1: the Brahmin class and Hinduism, and they're the priestly class.

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Speaker 1: They're like the Hindu or the Buddhist monks who go

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Speaker 1: off and try to achieve nirvana. Their station in life

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Speaker 1: is to achieve moksha. They've worked off their their um,

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Speaker 1: the karmic debt to a tremendous degree, and like their

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Speaker 1: focus in life is to get rid of the rest

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Speaker 1: of their karmic life. So they are not born again,

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Speaker 1: right right the one below that is Casha tria, and

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Speaker 1: that's the ruling warrior class. That's the one that Saddharta

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Speaker 1: was born into. Apparently when he was like this is wrong. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: we like anybody should be able to achieve enlightenment. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and that was one of the main reasons that Buddhism

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Speaker 1: was born, right, was that he didn't he rejected that

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Speaker 1: cat system. The main reason, yes, um and so but

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Speaker 1: within this, like if you're a Kesha tria, like you're

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00:26:47,680 --> 00:26:50,000
Speaker 1: you're working on your karmic debt because as far as

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Speaker 1: you're concerned, if you can work off enough of it,

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Speaker 1: you will be born the next life into the Brahmin

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00:26:54,600 --> 00:26:57,120
Speaker 1: class and then you can work really hard and get

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Speaker 1: out of that and end up achieving enlightenment. So there

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00:27:00,440 --> 00:27:04,000
Speaker 1: is like a hierarchical progression, And as you were saying,

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Speaker 1: one of the main things that you're tasked with as

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Speaker 1: a Hindu is dharma, which is responsibility to your cast,

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00:27:13,119 --> 00:27:15,680
Speaker 1: right like acting like a member of your cast rather

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00:27:15,760 --> 00:27:19,399
Speaker 1: than you know, acting out like Gandhi, I love it.

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Speaker 1: Do you got anything else? Yeah, there's actually four tenants,

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Speaker 1: just like the the eight what was it, the eight Noble,

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00:27:27,760 --> 00:27:31,680
Speaker 1: the Noble eight full path right, um, the the there's

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00:27:31,760 --> 00:27:35,240
Speaker 1: like four in Hinduism. One of them is dharma, responsibility

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00:27:35,280 --> 00:27:40,679
Speaker 1: to basically your cast, society's rules, but more importantly like

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00:27:40,880 --> 00:27:46,240
Speaker 1: Christiana's rules, and also like um being having a responsibility

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00:27:46,240 --> 00:27:48,720
Speaker 1: and duty to your own calling in life and just

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00:27:48,800 --> 00:27:53,240
Speaker 1: like living like that, um Arthur is pursuing wealth because

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00:27:53,280 --> 00:27:56,159
Speaker 1: in Hinduism there's this idea it's like kind of like

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00:27:56,200 --> 00:27:59,480
Speaker 1: in Buddhism where you don't need to be super rich,

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00:27:59,560 --> 00:28:02,120
Speaker 1: but you all, I shouldn't be poor either. And one

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00:28:02,160 --> 00:28:05,080
Speaker 1: of the things is, just like with Buddhism and Hinduism,

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00:28:05,320 --> 00:28:10,480
Speaker 1: you're trying to escape earthly desires and wants. One way

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00:28:10,520 --> 00:28:13,919
Speaker 1: to do that is to have the money to not

447
00:28:14,000 --> 00:28:15,639
Speaker 1: have to worry about where your food is going to

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00:28:15,760 --> 00:28:17,840
Speaker 1: come from. Frees you up for a lot of time

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00:28:17,840 --> 00:28:22,280
Speaker 1: to contemplate and get towards enlightenment. Right. That's Arthur Comma

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00:28:22,480 --> 00:28:27,000
Speaker 1: is more fulfilling desires frequently, like sexual desires, that kind

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00:28:27,000 --> 00:28:30,359
Speaker 1: of stuff. But there's all sorts of like taboo and

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00:28:30,400 --> 00:28:32,080
Speaker 1: constraint and all that kind of stuff. It's not like

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00:28:32,080 --> 00:28:35,160
Speaker 1: a free for all in Hinduism as far as sex goes, right.

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00:28:35,320 --> 00:28:39,040
Speaker 1: And then lastly there's moksha. Once you have moved past

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00:28:39,600 --> 00:28:43,959
Speaker 1: your earthly desires, you become free from delusion and realize

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00:28:44,360 --> 00:28:48,520
Speaker 1: that there there is There is no earthly self. There's

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00:28:48,600 --> 00:28:53,760
Speaker 1: just your connection to Krishna, and then you can be

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00:28:53,920 --> 00:28:59,120
Speaker 1: come in lighted, which is also called correct. Yes, pretty

459
00:28:59,120 --> 00:29:03,640
Speaker 1: interesting stuff. Huh yeah, So that's Nirvana not the band,

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00:29:04,680 --> 00:29:06,800
Speaker 1: not the band, man. I hope we pointed that out

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00:29:06,800 --> 00:29:09,600
Speaker 1: at the beginning of this or else everybody's really confused

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00:29:09,720 --> 00:29:13,800
Speaker 1: right now. Oh well, probably call it something like Nirvana

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00:29:14,080 --> 00:29:17,360
Speaker 1: not the band. There you go. If you want to

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00:29:17,400 --> 00:29:20,120
Speaker 1: know more about Nirvana not the band, you can type

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00:29:20,160 --> 00:29:22,640
Speaker 1: that word into the search bar at Houston works dot com.

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00:29:22,640 --> 00:29:24,240
Speaker 1: Since I said the search bar, it's time for a

467
00:29:24,240 --> 00:29:28,080
Speaker 1: listener mail. And if you want to know more about

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00:29:28,160 --> 00:29:31,760
Speaker 1: Nirvana the band, watch the great documentary montage of Heck,

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00:29:32,520 --> 00:29:35,800
Speaker 1: it's not called Nirvana the band Nope montage of Heck

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00:29:36,520 --> 00:29:40,880
Speaker 1: very well done, is it? Oh? It's great pressing. Um

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00:29:40,920 --> 00:29:44,080
Speaker 1: all right, I'm gonna call this our biggest fan in Uganda.

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00:29:44,280 --> 00:29:47,960
Speaker 1: Hey guys, my name is Joshua Quisinberry. UM A huge

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00:29:48,040 --> 00:29:50,640
Speaker 1: possibly the biggest fan of your show. Uh. And I

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00:29:50,720 --> 00:29:52,640
Speaker 1: listened to every chance I get my wife's son and

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00:29:52,680 --> 00:29:55,040
Speaker 1: I live in from Paula, Uganda, where we run an

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00:29:55,240 --> 00:29:59,400
Speaker 1: NGO for children with severe special needs who have been abandoned.

477
00:29:59,480 --> 00:30:02,720
Speaker 1: Orphan or used on the Nazi sabotage episode to spoke

478
00:30:02,760 --> 00:30:05,959
Speaker 1: about the brilliant but poorly executed plan of the Germans

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00:30:06,040 --> 00:30:09,280
Speaker 1: to infiltrate the US and called chaos. I wondered if

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00:30:09,480 --> 00:30:11,560
Speaker 1: you guys knew that wasn't an original idea by Hitler,

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00:30:11,600 --> 00:30:14,920
Speaker 1: but in fact, during World War One, Kaisville Helm number

482
00:30:14,920 --> 00:30:18,520
Speaker 1: two had an entire sabotage ring running out of New

483
00:30:18,600 --> 00:30:21,480
Speaker 1: York City that was responsible for numerous acts of terror,

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00:30:21,640 --> 00:30:25,480
Speaker 1: including blowing up attempting to blow up railroads, bridges, canals

485
00:30:25,560 --> 00:30:27,280
Speaker 1: from the East Coast all the way to San Francisco

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00:30:27,320 --> 00:30:29,440
Speaker 1: and Canada. Did not know that this is during the

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00:30:29,480 --> 00:30:33,600
Speaker 1: neutral period, our neutral period of nineteen fourteen, one of

488
00:30:33,640 --> 00:30:35,960
Speaker 1: the largest and most devastating was blowing up a munitions

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00:30:36,000 --> 00:30:39,920
Speaker 1: depot on New Jersey's Black Tom Island. Apparently the blast

490
00:30:40,000 --> 00:30:42,440
Speaker 1: was heard all the way in Philly and through shrapnel

491
00:30:42,680 --> 00:30:46,400
Speaker 1: that actually damaged the arm and torch of Lady Liberty herself.

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00:30:46,680 --> 00:30:52,880
Speaker 1: What bring me, Kaiser Wilhelm uh uhid some of it?

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00:30:53,240 --> 00:30:57,440
Speaker 1: I do just want to kick his body? What was that?

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00:30:58,000 --> 00:31:00,400
Speaker 1: And I was figured that was you guys, will Is

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00:31:00,400 --> 00:31:02,680
Speaker 1: that what I sound like to you? Yeah, you know,

496
00:31:03,200 --> 00:31:06,560
Speaker 1: like I'm drunking about a throw up. Some of the

497
00:31:06,560 --> 00:31:09,080
Speaker 1: other plots that were thankfully discovered, we're attaching and rudder

498
00:31:09,120 --> 00:31:11,880
Speaker 1: bombs on chips. Another interesting one was trying to buy

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00:31:11,960 --> 00:31:15,479
Speaker 1: US passports from doc workers uh to smuggle more spies,

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00:31:15,520 --> 00:31:18,800
Speaker 1: and it was found out and ushered in putting photos

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00:31:18,880 --> 00:31:22,920
Speaker 1: on passports. I think I understand. I think so too,

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00:31:23,200 --> 00:31:25,560
Speaker 1: so they couldn't be stolen and used anymore. Anyway. I

503
00:31:25,600 --> 00:31:28,280
Speaker 1: thought you guys would find it fascinating that the Germans

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00:31:28,560 --> 00:31:30,720
Speaker 1: they were a little better at sabotage and would have

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00:31:30,760 --> 00:31:33,640
Speaker 1: made a better film in World War One. Wow, And

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00:31:33,680 --> 00:31:37,240
Speaker 1: that is Josh losing Mary. It's a lot, Josh. Thanks

507
00:31:37,280 --> 00:31:40,720
Speaker 1: for the work you're doing out there and nice. Yeah. Uh.

508
00:31:40,760 --> 00:31:43,280
Speaker 1: If you want to get in touch with us to

509
00:31:43,400 --> 00:31:46,080
Speaker 1: let us know more about something we walked right past

510
00:31:46,160 --> 00:31:49,000
Speaker 1: in a previous episode, we love to hear more stuff.

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00:31:49,600 --> 00:31:51,880
Speaker 1: You can tweet to us at s Y s K Podcast.

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00:31:52,200 --> 00:31:54,280
Speaker 1: You can join us on Facebook dot com, slash stuff

513
00:31:54,280 --> 00:31:56,040
Speaker 1: you Should Know If you can send us an email.

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00:31:56,080 --> 00:31:59,080
Speaker 1: Stuff podcast at how stuff works dot com, and as always,

515
00:31:59,520 --> 00:32:01,760
Speaker 1: hang out a visitor home on the web Stuff you

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00:32:01,800 --> 00:32:09,720
Speaker 1: Should Know dot com. For more on this and thousands

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00:32:09,720 --> 00:32:19,320
Speaker 1: of other topics, visit how stuff Works dot com