WEBVTT - From the Vault: Goblet of Eggnog

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<v Speaker 1>Hey, you welcome to stuff to blow your mind. My

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<v Speaker 1>name is Robert Lamb.

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<v Speaker 2>And I am Joe McCormick, and it's Saturday time for

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<v Speaker 2>an episode from the Vault. This one originally aired December fifteenth,

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<v Speaker 2>twenty twenty two, and it's called a Goblet of Eggnog.

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<v Speaker 2>It's all about that thick, thick drink.

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<v Speaker 1>That's right. I was on the fence. I was like,

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<v Speaker 1>is it too early to rerun the eggnog episode? And

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<v Speaker 1>then I had to remind myself, well, I've already had

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<v Speaker 1>my first cup of eggnog for this holiday season, so

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<v Speaker 1>obviously it is not too early.

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<v Speaker 2>You really want to listen to this episode before you

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<v Speaker 2>do most of your eggnog drinking for the year, not after.

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<v Speaker 1>Right, right. Yeah. It's stuff to discuss during the preparation

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<v Speaker 1>or to take with you to the store when you

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<v Speaker 1>purchase it. I think it's been on the shelves in

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<v Speaker 1>the grocery store since like mid October or something.

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<v Speaker 2>I love that.

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<v Speaker 1>I'm surprised they haven't rebranded it as a Halloween drink

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<v Speaker 1>as well, have orange eggnog. I mean, there you go,

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<v Speaker 1>Green free ideas, here, free ideas.

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<v Speaker 2>Vampire dog.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, all right, well, let's uh, let's pour it up

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<v Speaker 1>and have a sip. Welcome to Stuff to Blow Your

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<v Speaker 1>Mind production of iHeartRadio. Hey, welcome to Stuff to Blow

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<v Speaker 1>your Mind. My name is Robert Lamb and I'm Joe McCormick.

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<v Speaker 1>It's that time of year again, and by that time,

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<v Speaker 1>I mean it is the holidays. We're knee deep, perhaps

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<v Speaker 1>waist deep in the holidays, and there's no going back.

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<v Speaker 1>We might as well just push forward at this point,

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<v Speaker 1>like it's just as much just as much effort to

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<v Speaker 1>keep going as it would be to turn back. So

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<v Speaker 1>once more, we have a holiday episode for you. It's

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<v Speaker 1>actually going to be our third installment in our Holiday

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<v Speaker 1>Invention series, where we more or less give the invention

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<v Speaker 1>treatment to various holiday decorations, traditions, and toys. This year,

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<v Speaker 1>we're going to be looking in earnest at eggnog.

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<v Speaker 2>Is eggnog an invention? Sure, we can stretch the definition.

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<v Speaker 2>I think that's okay.

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<v Speaker 1>I think so. I mean, we did an invention, a

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<v Speaker 1>full blown invention episode about the Matai, which we you know,

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<v Speaker 1>we had Jeff beach bombarry on as a guest to

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<v Speaker 1>talk about that eggnog is not something that occurs naturally

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<v Speaker 1>in the world. It must be made at some point.

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<v Speaker 1>There had to be a first or something like a first,

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<v Speaker 1>and you know, we'll get into that and and it's

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<v Speaker 1>one of those things that has a number of different

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<v Speaker 1>customs and cultural details surrounding it. Now, Joe, I'm not

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<v Speaker 1>sure what your relationship with eggnog happens to be, because

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<v Speaker 1>I don't know that we've ever really spoken about this.

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<v Speaker 1>I don't think we've had eggnog together before, not that

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<v Speaker 1>I recall, but my family's general approach is originally buy

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<v Speaker 1>a carton of almond nag each year, largely for our

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<v Speaker 1>son because he gets super into it. And if I

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<v Speaker 1>have a chance to visit a like an upscale cocktail

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<v Speaker 1>or a nice restaurant, then I will jump at the

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<v Speaker 1>opportunity to order an eggnog if they have one on

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<v Speaker 1>the menu. In the past, I've made it down to

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<v Speaker 1>New Orleans for the start of Beach Bumberry Sipping Santa

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<v Speaker 1>festivities at Beach bumb Berry's Latitude twenty nine. They also

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<v Speaker 1>have pop ups all over the place, and they'll generally

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<v Speaker 1>have at least one holiday tiki beverage on there that

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<v Speaker 1>is at least eggnog esque in form.

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<v Speaker 2>I'm picturing piles of crushed or pellet ice with kind

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<v Speaker 2>of a frothy, creamy grime about them, and some nutmeg

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<v Speaker 2>sprinkled over top.

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<v Speaker 1>Oh yeah, the nutmeg, as we'll discuss, is pretty essential.

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<v Speaker 1>So I did make it down there this year, but

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<v Speaker 1>I did make it over to a tiki bar in

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<v Speaker 1>our area, Decatur's Sost Bar, and I enjoyed a frozen

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<v Speaker 1>take on a classic eggnog. So generally a rich drink though,

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<v Speaker 1>so once twice three times per year max. That's generally

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<v Speaker 1>enough for me. Before we came in here, though, I

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<v Speaker 1>mentioned to my wife that I was about to record

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<v Speaker 1>the eggnog episode, and she was kind enough to provide

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<v Speaker 1>me with an entire glass of eggnog here for me

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<v Speaker 1>to consume during this episode. The listeners at home, You'll

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<v Speaker 1>have to take my word for it, Joe. I think

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<v Speaker 1>you can see it on the video feed here.

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<v Speaker 2>Wait, is this full boozeggnog or.

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<v Speaker 1>Well you might well presume that, but I couldn't possibly comment. Yes, creamy, rich,

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<v Speaker 1>hint of nutmeg, beautiful.

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<v Speaker 2>I have no eggnog in the house. A cute cute

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<v Speaker 2>Joe Peshei and Home Alone saying eggnog, eggnog dressed as

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<v Speaker 2>a cop like, eggnog is the most disgusting substance on earth.

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<v Speaker 2>And you know what, as a child, that was pretty

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<v Speaker 2>much where my head was at. I was like, yeah,

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<v Speaker 2>Joe Peshi in Home Alone is correct. I found the

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<v Speaker 2>idea revolting. Not just revolting. I I think I probably

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<v Speaker 2>found it borderline nauseating to think of a drink made

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<v Speaker 2>out of eggs. Something changed over the years. Now I

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<v Speaker 2>find it quite delightful.

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<v Speaker 1>So it was the eggs that threw you off?

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, well you're gonna drink eggs. I don't know. So

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<v Speaker 2>I think about eggs. There's something that, you know. I

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<v Speaker 2>liked eggs scrambled like they make them at the cracker barrel.

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<v Speaker 2>You know, I'm thinking of like a thick, yellow curd

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<v Speaker 2>like substance, and always in savory context. I mean, I know,

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<v Speaker 2>obviously now that eggs are used in all kinds of

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<v Speaker 2>baking and sweet contexts, but that's not how I thought

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<v Speaker 2>about them when I was a kid. So the idea

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<v Speaker 2>of drinking a sweet egg based beverage was absolutely vile

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<v Speaker 2>to my brain.

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<v Speaker 1>I can understand that. I mean, even the name is

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<v Speaker 1>a bit potentially off putting. It's very forward with the egg.

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<v Speaker 1>What you were about to drink contains eggs, and then

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<v Speaker 1>the nog also can throw one for a curve. I

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<v Speaker 1>do like some of the archaic spellings of eggnog that

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<v Speaker 1>I've encountered researching this episode. Oftentimes the way we encounter

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<v Speaker 1>it now it's egg n og, but some of these

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<v Speaker 1>other spellings will be egg n ogg. I like the

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<v Speaker 1>double the double g's occurring in both parts of the work.

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<v Speaker 2>That's just symmetry, that's good branding.

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<v Speaker 1>Yes, now, before we proceed, I guess we should go

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<v Speaker 1>ahead and drive home exactly what eggnog is. We've alluded

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<v Speaker 1>to it a little bit already, but technically it's a

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<v Speaker 1>milk egg drink or a milk egg punch. And we've

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<v Speaker 1>of course reached the point as a civilization where you

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<v Speaker 1>can have something that is identifiable as a nog without

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<v Speaker 1>the presence of egg or dairy. But historically this is

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<v Speaker 1>the realm from which this beverage arises.

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<v Speaker 2>Right. So you you mentioned almond nog. I guess that

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<v Speaker 2>is equivalent in the same way that you might have

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<v Speaker 2>almond milk. It is a substitute for milk.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, though I guess it's even more like some people

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<v Speaker 1>get up in arms, especially the dairy industry. I know

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<v Speaker 1>about things that are not milk calling themselves milk, and

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<v Speaker 1>even more of the when I guess something like a

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<v Speaker 1>soy nog or an almond nog is going to have

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<v Speaker 1>neither eggs nor dairy, and so it is even further removed.

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<v Speaker 1>But yet it's still very much in the spirit of

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<v Speaker 1>the classic nog, so I think it more than qualifies.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, nog is a thick, creamy, sweet drink.

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<v Speaker 1>Yes, it's a state of mind. It's a holiday tradition. Now,

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<v Speaker 1>one of the sources I'm going to refer back to

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<v Speaker 1>several times in this episode is the excellent book Imbibe

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<v Speaker 1>exclamation Point by David Wandriche, which is a text that

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<v Speaker 1>we've referenced in the show in the past. It is

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<v Speaker 1>one of, if not the best books you can pick

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<v Speaker 1>up on the history of the American cocktail. This is

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<v Speaker 1>a great book. It's cites, among many others, the legendary

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<v Speaker 1>professor Jerry Thomas who lived eighteen thirty through eighteen eighty five,

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<v Speaker 1>the New Orleans bartender who wrote the seminal Bartender's Guide

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<v Speaker 1>and helped popularize cocktail drinking in general. We're go into

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<v Speaker 1>more depth on this in an older episode episodes that

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<v Speaker 1>we did together on Mixology.

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<v Speaker 2>I think we ended up talking about absinthe a lot

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<v Speaker 2>in those.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, that would make sense, and I know Jerry Thomas

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<v Speaker 1>also comes up in the recent episode on ice the

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<v Speaker 1>interview that I did. But according to Wondrich, basic milk

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<v Speaker 1>punches go back to the late sixteen hundreds and to

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<v Speaker 1>give you an example of what a milk punch consists of,

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<v Speaker 1>and again this is not an egg milk punch. This

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<v Speaker 1>is just a milk punch. Wondridge includes a recipe from

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<v Speaker 1>Jerry Thomas. Jerry Thomas would have you know, brought up

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<v Speaker 1>together a bunch of these different recipes for drinks and

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<v Speaker 1>put them in his own book at the time. This

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<v Speaker 1>particular recipe from Jerry Thomas calls for sugar water, brandy

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<v Speaker 1>rum and shaved ice. A little nutmeg goes on top,

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<v Speaker 1>and wondridch includes a quote from This is an eighteen

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<v Speaker 1>seventy three quote from the Brooklyn Eagle that states that

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<v Speaker 1>this punch was quote the surest thing in the world

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<v Speaker 1>to get drunk on and so fearfully drunk that you

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<v Speaker 1>won't know whether you are a cow yourself or some

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<v Speaker 1>other foolish thing.

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<v Speaker 2>Hmmm, that's that's good. No. One thing I have to

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<v Speaker 2>point out is that when you listed the ingredients, you

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<v Speaker 2>did not list milk. So I assume these are the

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<v Speaker 2>things that are added to the milk.

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<v Speaker 1>Yes, yes, okay, yeah. The milk would would also be

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<v Speaker 1>be an important part of this. It's so already we're

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<v Speaker 1>kind of in the territory of what we think of

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<v Speaker 1>when we think about eggnog. But of course there are

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<v Speaker 1>no eggs there now when it comes to eggnog itself.

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<v Speaker 1>Thomas was very much of the opinion that eggnog was

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<v Speaker 1>quote a beverage of American origin, and Wondrich states that

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<v Speaker 1>quote the drink's earliest mentions come from a seventeen eighty

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<v Speaker 1>eight Philadelphia newspaper, and all the other mentions are American

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<v Speaker 1>and if early European travelers to the United States viewed

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<v Speaker 1>it as one of the novelties Americans were inflicting on

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<v Speaker 1>the art of drinking. By the eighteen sixties, it was

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<v Speaker 1>a drink of comfortable middle age with a wide, if

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<v Speaker 1>strictly seasonal popularity. When Thomas added that in the North

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<v Speaker 1>quote it is a favorite of all seasons, he was

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<v Speaker 1>certainly overstating the case.

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<v Speaker 2>So you bring up that mention in the seventeen eighty

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<v Speaker 2>eight newspaper, and this name drop of eggnog as a

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<v Speaker 2>recipe is also referenced in a great source I found

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<v Speaker 2>that was aimed at unearthing the etymological history of eggnog,

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<v Speaker 2>because it's obvious why the word egg is in the name.

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<v Speaker 2>There are eggs in it, But what exactly is anog? Could,

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<v Speaker 2>as the Simpsons proposed, you equally whip up a cauldron

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<v Speaker 2>of corn nog.

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<v Speaker 1>Corn dog sounds kind of delicious, like it brings to

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<v Speaker 1>mind like corn puddings.

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<v Speaker 2>I think it occurs in the Simpsons episode with the hurricane,

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<v Speaker 2>when the stores are there's a run on the Quickie

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<v Speaker 2>Mart and the only things left on the shelves are

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<v Speaker 2>corn nog and wadded beef. But anyway, diving into the

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<v Speaker 2>history and etymology of eggnog, corn nog, whatever, what have you?

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<v Speaker 2>Any nogs? My source here is a December two thousand

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<v Speaker 2>and nine article called the Origins of Eggnog Holiday Grog

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<v Speaker 2>by the American Linguist and Language columnist Ben Zimmer, who

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<v Speaker 2>is brother of the excellent science writer Karl Zimmer, who's

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<v Speaker 2>been a guest on the show before Huh Crazy. So

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<v Speaker 2>here's what Ben Zimmer says about nog. The word nog

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<v Speaker 2>first shows up as a regional term in England, specifically

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<v Speaker 2>in the region of East Anglia, so it's the eastern

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<v Speaker 2>part of the country containing Norfolk, Suffolk and Cambridgeshire, and

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<v Speaker 2>it referred that term. They are referred to a type

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<v Speaker 2>of beer. We know this because of a letter written

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<v Speaker 2>from the County of Norfolk in the year sixteen ninety

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<v Speaker 2>three by a man named Humphrey Priudeaux, who described quote

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<v Speaker 2>a bottle of old strong beer, which in this country

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<v Speaker 2>they call nog. So nog is high gravity beer, it's

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<v Speaker 2>strong stuff. But to take one step back, why would

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<v Speaker 2>the East Anglians call strong beer noog? Zimmer identifies a

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<v Speaker 2>couple of hypotheses here. One is that it comes from

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<v Speaker 2>the word noggin, which we today think of as antiquated

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<v Speaker 2>slang for head for your head. But before that nogin

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<v Speaker 2>meant a small mug or a small drink of spirits.

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<v Speaker 2>So perhaps noggin was shorter was shortened to nog, and

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<v Speaker 2>it came to refer to the beer inside the mug

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<v Speaker 2>instead of the mug itself. And we do that kind

0:12:35.520 --> 0:12:39.839
<v Speaker 2>of metonymy with words today like did you have wine? Oh,

0:12:39.880 --> 0:12:42.600
<v Speaker 2>I drank two glasses. You're not saying you literally drank

0:12:42.640 --> 0:12:46.240
<v Speaker 2>the glass. The glasses mean the wine inside the glass, right.

0:12:46.840 --> 0:12:50.560
<v Speaker 2>But another idea is that the word noog for strong

0:12:50.600 --> 0:12:55.280
<v Speaker 2>beer comes from a Scottish word nug or nugged ale,

0:12:55.679 --> 0:12:58.400
<v Speaker 2>which means ale that you heat up by sticking a

0:12:58.440 --> 0:13:02.240
<v Speaker 2>hot poker in it, which is funny enough to imagine

0:13:02.280 --> 0:13:04.240
<v Speaker 2>in itself, but I can also see how that would

0:13:04.240 --> 0:13:09.000
<v Speaker 2>correspond to a drink with strong alcohol alcohol content, because

0:13:09.080 --> 0:13:11.800
<v Speaker 2>drinks with higher alcohol content are often said to taste

0:13:11.960 --> 0:13:13.480
<v Speaker 2>warm or even to burn.

0:13:14.280 --> 0:13:17.400
<v Speaker 1>Hmmm, yeah, this is this is interesting. It brings to mind,

0:13:17.440 --> 0:13:19.520
<v Speaker 1>you know, the images of some of these older drinks

0:13:19.559 --> 0:13:22.960
<v Speaker 1>where you'd you would you would stick the hot poker

0:13:23.040 --> 0:13:25.280
<v Speaker 1>or some sort of hot metal into it. I think

0:13:25.280 --> 0:13:28.800
<v Speaker 1>there's a scene in the excellent TV series The Nick

0:13:29.280 --> 0:13:32.040
<v Speaker 1>where you see some of the characters getting a drink

0:13:32.040 --> 0:13:32.760
<v Speaker 1>of this fashion.

0:13:33.200 --> 0:13:37.480
<v Speaker 2>M Okay, so so far we've got the idea that

0:13:37.520 --> 0:13:39.880
<v Speaker 2>you start with either a little mug called a noggin

0:13:40.280 --> 0:13:42.280
<v Speaker 2>or a type of beer warmed with a hot poker

0:13:42.360 --> 0:13:44.920
<v Speaker 2>called a nug And somehow one of these terms gets

0:13:45.000 --> 0:13:48.400
<v Speaker 2>poured it over into this East Anglian word nog, which

0:13:48.480 --> 0:13:52.040
<v Speaker 2>means strong beer. But how does that actually get connected

0:13:52.080 --> 0:13:55.439
<v Speaker 2>to the sweet, milky, eggy drink we are familiar with.

0:13:56.160 --> 0:13:58.439
<v Speaker 2>We don't know for sure, but the link in the

0:13:58.559 --> 0:14:02.200
<v Speaker 2>chain seems to be alcohol, because while you can buy

0:14:02.360 --> 0:14:05.600
<v Speaker 2>kid friendly nog in the dairy isle these days, everything

0:14:05.600 --> 0:14:09.160
<v Speaker 2>I've been reading suggests that early eggnog was boozy. That

0:14:09.360 --> 0:14:12.440
<v Speaker 2>was a primary characteristic of what the noog was. It

0:14:12.520 --> 0:14:13.960
<v Speaker 2>had a lot of alcohol in it.

0:14:14.480 --> 0:14:17.880
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, absolutely, That's exactly what I saw in all of

0:14:17.880 --> 0:14:21.720
<v Speaker 1>my research. Nobody's talking about eggnog is something that is

0:14:21.880 --> 0:14:24.040
<v Speaker 1>then spiked. It is inherently spiked.

0:14:24.600 --> 0:14:30.320
<v Speaker 2>And Zimmer reports that a Maryland clergyman named Jonathan Bouche

0:14:30.840 --> 0:14:34.040
<v Speaker 2>is alleged to have written the first known reference to

0:14:34.080 --> 0:14:38.160
<v Speaker 2>eggnog and a poem in seventeen seventy five, but this

0:14:38.240 --> 0:14:41.120
<v Speaker 2>poem was not published until about thirty years later, so

0:14:41.160 --> 0:14:43.480
<v Speaker 2>we don't know when it was actually written for sure.

0:14:44.320 --> 0:14:46.720
<v Speaker 2>But the relevant section of the poem goes like this,

0:14:47.560 --> 0:14:51.560
<v Speaker 2>fog DRAMs in the morn or better still eggnog. This

0:14:51.640 --> 0:14:54.960
<v Speaker 2>is nog with two g's at night hot suppings and

0:14:55.000 --> 0:14:59.360
<v Speaker 2>at mid day grog my palette can regale. So you

0:14:59.400 --> 0:15:03.080
<v Speaker 2>see the The context here is fully alcoholic grog refers

0:15:03.160 --> 0:15:07.360
<v Speaker 2>to a spirit or alcoholic beverage. Then there's that line

0:15:07.520 --> 0:15:11.320
<v Speaker 2>fog DRAMs in the morn or better still eggnog. A

0:15:11.840 --> 0:15:15.280
<v Speaker 2>dram usually refers to a small drink of whiskey, and

0:15:15.360 --> 0:15:20.359
<v Speaker 2>according to Miriam Webster, fog DRAMs are quote DRAMs resorted

0:15:20.400 --> 0:15:23.720
<v Speaker 2>to on the pretense of their protecting from the danger

0:15:23.840 --> 0:15:30.040
<v Speaker 2>of fog. I'm sorry, boss, I had to have another

0:15:30.040 --> 0:15:32.600
<v Speaker 2>whiskey before work, or the fog could have killed me

0:15:32.720 --> 0:15:33.360
<v Speaker 2>on the way here.

0:15:33.920 --> 0:15:37.120
<v Speaker 1>All right, well, yeah, this is making sense. An early

0:15:37.160 --> 0:15:40.760
<v Speaker 1>morning drink though, because you get your fog protection, you

0:15:40.800 --> 0:15:42.960
<v Speaker 1>get a couple of eggs in there. Maybe you know

0:15:43.600 --> 0:15:47.120
<v Speaker 1>this is a breakfast that you're drinking down exactly.

0:15:48.160 --> 0:15:52.360
<v Speaker 2>So Bouchet may have written that in seventy seventy five.

0:15:52.440 --> 0:15:54.640
<v Speaker 2>It's hard to say for sure, but according to Zimmer,

0:15:54.680 --> 0:15:59.080
<v Speaker 2>the earliest rock solid references to eggnog where we know

0:15:59.160 --> 0:16:01.680
<v Speaker 2>the date of their public appear in a handful of

0:16:01.720 --> 0:16:05.880
<v Speaker 2>newspapers in the year seventeen eighty eight, as you mentioned earlier. Now,

0:16:05.960 --> 0:16:09.000
<v Speaker 2>one is a March seventeen eighty eight report in the

0:16:09.040 --> 0:16:12.640
<v Speaker 2>New Jersey Journal, which and I love that this is

0:16:12.680 --> 0:16:16.680
<v Speaker 2>what some newspaper articles consisted of at the time. It says,

0:16:16.720 --> 0:16:20.480
<v Speaker 2>a young man with a cormorant appetite meaning like gluttonous.

0:16:21.440 --> 0:16:25.640
<v Speaker 2>A young man with a cormorant appetite voraciously devoured last

0:16:25.640 --> 0:16:30.280
<v Speaker 2>week at Connecticut farms thirty raw eggs, a glass of eggnog,

0:16:30.440 --> 0:16:32.200
<v Speaker 2>and another of brandy sling.

0:16:32.880 --> 0:16:35.080
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, is this what newspapers were back in the day?

0:16:35.360 --> 0:16:37.320
<v Speaker 1>Did you have like a gluttony page for You're like,

0:16:37.360 --> 0:16:39.560
<v Speaker 1>what's everybody overeating in New Jersey?

0:16:40.000 --> 0:16:43.080
<v Speaker 2>Stop the presses. We've got to get this story, this

0:16:43.200 --> 0:16:47.240
<v Speaker 2>hot story about the guy who ate thirty eggs in there. Okay,

0:16:47.320 --> 0:16:49.960
<v Speaker 2>so whatever eggnog is at the time, he had some

0:16:51.000 --> 0:16:54.520
<v Speaker 2>Another article is from October seventeen eighty eight in the

0:16:54.720 --> 0:16:59.240
<v Speaker 2>Independent Gazetteer of Philadelphia, where a writer was complaining about

0:16:59.240 --> 0:17:02.880
<v Speaker 2>an upset stomach and wrote, quote, when wine and beer,

0:17:03.080 --> 0:17:06.800
<v Speaker 2>punch and eggnog meat instantly ensues.

0:17:06.359 --> 0:17:09.480
<v Speaker 1>A quarrel, that there's wisdom to that, I think.

0:17:09.840 --> 0:17:12.960
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, I've only ever heard the liquor before beer kind

0:17:13.000 --> 0:17:14.920
<v Speaker 2>of thing. I've never heard it taken out to four

0:17:14.920 --> 0:17:17.480
<v Speaker 2>different things with like punch and eggnog in there.

0:17:18.040 --> 0:17:21.399
<v Speaker 1>You know, we were looking back at a time when

0:17:21.480 --> 0:17:24.760
<v Speaker 1>drinking was a little more robust throughout the country.

0:17:24.800 --> 0:17:29.040
<v Speaker 2>I think, yeah. So anyway, yeah, I love the fact

0:17:29.040 --> 0:17:31.639
<v Speaker 2>that newspapers not only used to report on what some

0:17:31.800 --> 0:17:34.159
<v Speaker 2>guy aided a form, but also what gave me an

0:17:34.240 --> 0:17:40.560
<v Speaker 2>upset tummy. So it sounds like an alcoholic beverage known

0:17:40.600 --> 0:17:44.080
<v Speaker 2>as eggnog was in common parlance in the colonies and

0:17:44.160 --> 0:17:48.480
<v Speaker 2>the young United States in the late eighteenth century. But

0:17:48.680 --> 0:17:52.040
<v Speaker 2>Zimmer also documents how an early example of eggnog was

0:17:52.119 --> 0:17:55.760
<v Speaker 2>associated with Christmas celebration by citing a piece in the

0:17:55.880 --> 0:18:01.040
<v Speaker 2>Virginia Chronicle from January seventeen ninety three, which reads as follows.

0:18:01.800 --> 0:18:06.840
<v Speaker 2>On last Christmas Eve, several gentlemen met at Northampton Courthouse

0:18:07.160 --> 0:18:11.080
<v Speaker 2>and spent the evening in mirth and festivity when eggnog

0:18:11.320 --> 0:18:14.720
<v Speaker 2>was the principal liquor used by the company. After they

0:18:14.760 --> 0:18:18.159
<v Speaker 2>had indulged pretty freely in this beverage, a gentleman in

0:18:18.200 --> 0:18:20.359
<v Speaker 2>the company offered a bet that not one of the

0:18:20.400 --> 0:18:24.600
<v Speaker 2>party could write four verses extempore, which should be rhyme

0:18:24.880 --> 0:18:28.000
<v Speaker 2>and sense. Okay, he's like, we're so drunk, I bet

0:18:28.080 --> 0:18:31.760
<v Speaker 2>none of you can write four lines of poetry that

0:18:31.800 --> 0:18:34.480
<v Speaker 2>will make sense and rhyme. So what do they come

0:18:34.560 --> 0:18:38.399
<v Speaker 2>up with? While one guy belts out the following, 'tis

0:18:38.600 --> 0:18:43.560
<v Speaker 2>eggnog now, whose golden streams dispense far richer treasures to

0:18:43.640 --> 0:18:48.520
<v Speaker 2>the ravished sense. The muse from wine derives a transient glare,

0:18:48.880 --> 0:18:55.399
<v Speaker 2>but Eggnog's drafts afford her solid fare. So move over, wine.

0:18:55.520 --> 0:18:58.359
<v Speaker 2>The muses are no longer interested in you now they

0:18:58.359 --> 0:19:02.000
<v Speaker 2>will only be singing to people who are chug and agnog.

0:19:02.520 --> 0:19:05.960
<v Speaker 1>Eggnog doesn't seem to have a personification though, Like, there's

0:19:06.000 --> 0:19:07.880
<v Speaker 1>no like Satyr of Egnog.

0:19:08.040 --> 0:19:09.800
<v Speaker 2>Right, the Dionysus of Eggnog.

0:19:10.200 --> 0:19:13.920
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, I suppose it's. You know, he was before its time.

0:19:14.080 --> 0:19:16.160
<v Speaker 1>I think he would he would have approved of Egnog,

0:19:16.280 --> 0:19:19.400
<v Speaker 1>especially based on these historical references to agno.

0:19:19.960 --> 0:19:22.640
<v Speaker 2>So do we know exactly what they were putting in

0:19:22.760 --> 0:19:26.040
<v Speaker 2>eggnog at the time. Well, there's a book from seventeen

0:19:26.200 --> 0:19:30.359
<v Speaker 2>ninety nine called Travels through the States of North America

0:19:30.400 --> 0:19:32.720
<v Speaker 2>and the provinces of Upper and Lower Canada during the

0:19:32.800 --> 0:19:35.760
<v Speaker 2>years seventeen ninety five, ninety six and ninety seven by

0:19:35.800 --> 0:19:40.520
<v Speaker 2>an Irish writer and explorer named Isaac Weld. And this

0:19:40.880 --> 0:19:43.560
<v Speaker 2>passage actually reminds me of earlier when you were citing

0:19:43.600 --> 0:19:47.240
<v Speaker 2>I think David Wondrich who said that sometimes people from

0:19:47.280 --> 0:19:51.320
<v Speaker 2>Europe might encounter egnog and think, oh what what you know,

0:19:51.720 --> 0:19:54.800
<v Speaker 2>what crimes they're committing against a drinking culture here in

0:19:55.480 --> 0:19:59.000
<v Speaker 2>the Americas. And I wonder if there's a little bit

0:19:59.000 --> 0:20:01.560
<v Speaker 2>of that kind of raised eyebrow going on in this passage.

0:20:01.600 --> 0:20:04.320
<v Speaker 2>But we'll see what you think. So Weld is writing

0:20:04.320 --> 0:20:07.600
<v Speaker 2>about a stop at an inn near Baltimore, Maryland, where

0:20:07.640 --> 0:20:11.320
<v Speaker 2>he writes, quote, several travelers had stopped at the same

0:20:11.359 --> 0:20:13.359
<v Speaker 2>house that I did the first night I was on

0:20:13.400 --> 0:20:16.760
<v Speaker 2>the road, and we all breakfasted together preparatory to setting

0:20:16.760 --> 0:20:20.800
<v Speaker 2>out the next morning. The American travelers, before they pursued

0:20:20.840 --> 0:20:24.480
<v Speaker 2>their journey, took a hearty draft each. According to custom

0:20:24.680 --> 0:20:29.720
<v Speaker 2>of eggnog, a mixture composed of new milk, eggs, rum,

0:20:30.000 --> 0:20:35.560
<v Speaker 2>and sugar beat up together, so eggnog it should be heavy, sweet,

0:20:35.760 --> 0:20:39.320
<v Speaker 2>exploding with alcohol. Drunk in large quantities in the morning

0:20:39.400 --> 0:20:41.160
<v Speaker 2>before setting out on a long journey.

0:20:43.160 --> 0:20:45.560
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, this is I mean it really it forces you

0:20:45.600 --> 0:20:48.200
<v Speaker 1>to rethink eggnog because I think a lot of people

0:20:48.200 --> 0:20:51.919
<v Speaker 1>are probably like like me, you grew up exposed to

0:20:52.080 --> 0:20:55.000
<v Speaker 1>again the grocery store egnog, and there's this kind of

0:20:55.040 --> 0:20:57.840
<v Speaker 1>sense that eggnog is this drink for everybody. Eggnog's this

0:20:57.920 --> 0:21:01.720
<v Speaker 1>drink for kids. And as you get older, then you're

0:21:01.760 --> 0:21:04.920
<v Speaker 1>perhaps in a situation where you can have the eggnog

0:21:04.960 --> 0:21:08.920
<v Speaker 1>with something added to it, eggnog plus you know, if

0:21:08.920 --> 0:21:14.320
<v Speaker 1>you like. But this that the historical truth of eggnog

0:21:14.440 --> 0:21:17.120
<v Speaker 1>is no, this is the thing that the really drunken

0:21:17.160 --> 0:21:20.119
<v Speaker 1>adults are having sometimes first thing in the morning.

0:21:20.800 --> 0:21:25.080
<v Speaker 2>Also regarding famous eggnog recipes from the early days of

0:21:26.280 --> 0:21:30.600
<v Speaker 2>the United States, there is a famous recipe for eggnog

0:21:30.680 --> 0:21:35.080
<v Speaker 2>that is alleged to come from George Washington's kitchen papers.

0:21:35.119 --> 0:21:38.320
<v Speaker 2>You'll find this if you google George Washington's Eggnog. I've

0:21:38.359 --> 0:21:41.600
<v Speaker 2>seen some serious doubt cast upon its origins, like whether

0:21:41.640 --> 0:21:46.040
<v Speaker 2>it was actually Washington's. But according to the Farmer's Almanac,

0:21:46.119 --> 0:21:49.600
<v Speaker 2>this famous recipe goes as follows. It's one quart cream,

0:21:49.960 --> 0:21:54.600
<v Speaker 2>one quart milk, one dozen tablespoons sugar, one pint brandy,

0:21:54.960 --> 0:21:58.119
<v Speaker 2>half a pint rye whiskey, half a pint Jamaica rum,

0:21:58.359 --> 0:22:01.840
<v Speaker 2>and a quarter pint sherry. And then you mix the liquor,

0:22:02.840 --> 0:22:05.640
<v Speaker 2>separate the yolks in the whites of twelve eggs, add

0:22:05.680 --> 0:22:09.240
<v Speaker 2>sugar to the beaten yolks. Mix well. Then you add

0:22:09.280 --> 0:22:12.520
<v Speaker 2>milk and cream, slowly beating. Beat the whites of the

0:22:12.520 --> 0:22:16.440
<v Speaker 2>eggs until stiff peaks form, then fold slowly into the mixture.

0:22:16.720 --> 0:22:18.480
<v Speaker 2>Then you let it sit in a cool place for

0:22:18.560 --> 0:22:24.680
<v Speaker 2>several days. Then quote taste frequently. And I could be wrong,

0:22:24.720 --> 0:22:27.480
<v Speaker 2>but I believe this is the recipe that our colleague,

0:22:27.760 --> 0:22:31.200
<v Speaker 2>our colleague Alex Williams uses when he makes his famous

0:22:31.520 --> 0:22:34.320
<v Speaker 2>eggnog for all of our coworkers.

0:22:34.720 --> 0:22:37.840
<v Speaker 1>Yes, it definitely is. This is definitely the recipe he

0:22:37.880 --> 0:22:40.840
<v Speaker 1>would use, and it is quite delightful. But yeah, I

0:22:40.920 --> 0:22:44.680
<v Speaker 1>encountered the same thing. Looking at the actual history of this,

0:22:44.760 --> 0:22:49.840
<v Speaker 1>there's some doubt as to whether George Washington actually serve this,

0:22:51.200 --> 0:22:52.879
<v Speaker 1>And then there are some accounts that say, well, it

0:22:52.880 --> 0:22:56.639
<v Speaker 1>looks like maybe there's evidence that eggnog was served at

0:22:56.680 --> 0:23:00.760
<v Speaker 1>Mount Vernon but as far as the precise recipe, I

0:23:00.840 --> 0:23:02.600
<v Speaker 1>don't know that there's a lot of data to back

0:23:02.640 --> 0:23:06.280
<v Speaker 1>that up. Yeah, though we will have We will touch

0:23:06.280 --> 0:23:09.959
<v Speaker 1>on at least one former US president who did have

0:23:10.000 --> 0:23:13.119
<v Speaker 1>a recipe for eggnog and did serve it and drink it.

0:23:13.560 --> 0:23:15.880
<v Speaker 1>All right, all this being said, before we proceed with eggnog,

0:23:16.119 --> 0:23:22.040
<v Speaker 1>I think we can at least consider the possibility of predecessors. That, Yes,

0:23:22.359 --> 0:23:25.560
<v Speaker 1>even if egnog is something that emerges in North America,

0:23:26.000 --> 0:23:30.120
<v Speaker 1>there are at least things not unlike agnog that one

0:23:30.119 --> 0:23:34.440
<v Speaker 1>can encounter, say in at least late medieval and post

0:23:34.520 --> 0:23:35.359
<v Speaker 1>medieval Europe.

0:23:35.800 --> 0:23:38.600
<v Speaker 2>Oh yes, some gorgeous textures to imagine.

0:23:39.040 --> 0:23:41.000
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, so let's go back to the late Middle Ages

0:23:41.040 --> 0:23:46.080
<v Speaker 1>and drink some hard milk. So European holiday traditions, which

0:23:46.080 --> 0:23:49.879
<v Speaker 1>of course inform holiday traditions and Colonial America and beyond

0:23:50.119 --> 0:23:53.639
<v Speaker 1>are a mix of Christian traditions, more ancient traditions, and

0:23:53.720 --> 0:23:57.480
<v Speaker 1>a great deal of regional variability. I was, in fact,

0:23:57.560 --> 0:24:02.520
<v Speaker 1>just researching the hoodin Hoden Horse of Kent for the

0:24:02.560 --> 0:24:05.320
<v Speaker 1>Monster Fact series, and I think that's a great example

0:24:05.359 --> 0:24:09.560
<v Speaker 1>of this. It brings to mind various costume street wandering

0:24:09.600 --> 0:24:14.399
<v Speaker 1>traditions as well as caroling and was sailing. Wassaile, of course,

0:24:14.520 --> 0:24:17.480
<v Speaker 1>is a door to door ritualistic and communal hot drink

0:24:17.760 --> 0:24:22.359
<v Speaker 1>that typically contained mold cider ale or wine and spices.

0:24:23.800 --> 0:24:27.679
<v Speaker 1>But then there is the tradition of the posset, posset

0:24:27.920 --> 0:24:32.560
<v Speaker 1>the passet. Yes, the Smithsonian Magazine website has a nice

0:24:32.640 --> 0:24:36.320
<v Speaker 1>article about this, titled Past the Posset colon the Medieval

0:24:36.359 --> 0:24:40.119
<v Speaker 1>Eggnog by Lisa Braman, And according to this article, it

0:24:40.160 --> 0:24:43.679
<v Speaker 1>apparently dates back to late medieval Europe, and it looks

0:24:43.760 --> 0:24:46.760
<v Speaker 1>like some of the examples come to us from the

0:24:46.800 --> 0:24:51.159
<v Speaker 1>post medieval world and beyond. Anyway, the passet itself is

0:24:51.200 --> 0:24:54.040
<v Speaker 1>a drinking vessel, as Brayman points out, and you see

0:24:54.400 --> 0:24:57.960
<v Speaker 1>mention of it even in Shakespeare's Macbeth, in which Lady

0:24:58.000 --> 0:25:02.160
<v Speaker 1>Macbeth poisons the possets of the guards outside Duncan's quarters.

0:25:02.560 --> 0:25:03.840
<v Speaker 2>Oh I forgot about that.

0:25:04.680 --> 0:25:07.320
<v Speaker 1>I had as well, when when the author here brings

0:25:07.359 --> 0:25:09.239
<v Speaker 1>it up, I'm like, oh, yeah, I do remember that

0:25:09.280 --> 0:25:13.719
<v Speaker 1>line vaguely. But you encounter so many archaic cords if

0:25:13.760 --> 0:25:18.240
<v Speaker 1>you're reading or performing Shakespeare that you can't stop to wonder.

0:25:18.280 --> 0:25:20.680
<v Speaker 1>Overall it's enough to be like, okay, it's this means

0:25:20.760 --> 0:25:23.520
<v Speaker 1>drinking vessel. Okay, what's the next strange word that doesn't

0:25:23.560 --> 0:25:25.639
<v Speaker 1>quite register for me? Let me translate that one in

0:25:25.720 --> 0:25:28.960
<v Speaker 1>my head. But this is a If you can actually

0:25:28.960 --> 0:25:31.960
<v Speaker 1>look up examples of this vessel online, the pauset this

0:25:32.119 --> 0:25:35.120
<v Speaker 1>P O S S E T, and you'll find that

0:25:35.640 --> 0:25:38.159
<v Speaker 1>some of the main examples of this it looks curiously

0:25:38.320 --> 0:25:42.680
<v Speaker 1>like an ornate teapot with handles on both sides, a

0:25:42.720 --> 0:25:45.960
<v Speaker 1>wide lidded aperture at the top, with a with a

0:25:46.640 --> 0:25:49.880
<v Speaker 1>with a lid on top, and the stem for it,

0:25:49.920 --> 0:25:52.359
<v Speaker 1>you know, like that like a te kettle. It feeds

0:25:52.359 --> 0:25:54.959
<v Speaker 1>from the bottom of the vessel rather than from the

0:25:55.000 --> 0:25:58.600
<v Speaker 1>middle or the top of the vessel. The reason for

0:25:58.680 --> 0:26:01.080
<v Speaker 1>this design, according to brain And, is that you can

0:26:01.160 --> 0:26:04.280
<v Speaker 1>drink directly from the stem to get at the liquid

0:26:04.320 --> 0:26:07.280
<v Speaker 1>contents of the of the of the liquid it contains,

0:26:07.600 --> 0:26:10.280
<v Speaker 1>but also you can take the lid off the top

0:26:10.640 --> 0:26:12.639
<v Speaker 1>and go at the top of it with a spoon,

0:26:13.119 --> 0:26:16.920
<v Speaker 1>because basically you're gonna have a mixture of things. You're

0:26:16.920 --> 0:26:20.840
<v Speaker 1>gonna have a fluid beneath and kind of a chonky

0:26:22.960 --> 0:26:26.040
<v Speaker 1>chonky creamy perhaps cheesy layer at the top.

0:26:27.040 --> 0:26:30.480
<v Speaker 2>So this is like, it's like a curdled milk drink

0:26:30.560 --> 0:26:35.280
<v Speaker 2>that has that has cheesy, floaty solid bits on the

0:26:35.320 --> 0:26:36.600
<v Speaker 2>top you want to get with a spoon.

0:26:37.359 --> 0:26:41.240
<v Speaker 1>Yes, the way that Brayman describes it is quote both

0:26:41.240 --> 0:26:43.680
<v Speaker 1>a drink and a dessert with a layer of thick,

0:26:43.720 --> 0:26:49.199
<v Speaker 1>sweet gruel floating above the liquid. Okay, so okay. On

0:26:49.200 --> 0:26:52.880
<v Speaker 1>one hand, I realized that could potentially be interpreted as gross,

0:26:53.400 --> 0:26:55.720
<v Speaker 1>But on the other hand, I think it's not that

0:26:55.840 --> 0:26:58.760
<v Speaker 1>different from a lot of sort of frothy dessert things

0:26:58.800 --> 0:27:02.520
<v Speaker 1>we have today. I think about certain milkshakes, certain smoothies,

0:27:03.040 --> 0:27:08.240
<v Speaker 1>certainly especially the older school cappuccinos, where the foam cap

0:27:08.280 --> 0:27:10.960
<v Speaker 1>on top was maybe a little firmer, and you might

0:27:11.000 --> 0:27:13.080
<v Speaker 1>have to go at that with a spoon as opposed

0:27:13.119 --> 0:27:16.240
<v Speaker 1>to drinking it. So I kind of reject the idea

0:27:16.280 --> 0:27:21.879
<v Speaker 1>that this potential hygiene issues aside of late medieval ages.

0:27:22.760 --> 0:27:25.000
<v Speaker 1>I don't think this is necessarily that gross of an

0:27:25.040 --> 0:27:27.560
<v Speaker 1>idea that you could have some sort of like a

0:27:27.600 --> 0:27:30.399
<v Speaker 1>thick portion on the top of your beverage that requires

0:27:30.440 --> 0:27:32.960
<v Speaker 1>a spoon. It's just like a little different to imagine

0:27:33.080 --> 0:27:39.480
<v Speaker 1>this bizarre container for its consumption, though nowadays I do

0:27:39.520 --> 0:27:40.800
<v Speaker 1>want to point out we do have things like the

0:27:40.840 --> 0:27:44.159
<v Speaker 1>spoon straw, which is like a plastic usually like a

0:27:44.200 --> 0:27:48.280
<v Speaker 1>plastic straw and spoon combined so that you can do both.

0:27:48.320 --> 0:27:50.320
<v Speaker 1>They did not have this technology in the late medieval

0:27:50.359 --> 0:27:53.159
<v Speaker 1>period to my knowledge. Therefore they had to use a poset.

0:27:53.560 --> 0:27:55.960
<v Speaker 2>Well, you know, it is the same principle as a straw,

0:27:56.000 --> 0:27:58.280
<v Speaker 2>which I don't find unusual. But I have to say

0:27:58.320 --> 0:28:01.439
<v Speaker 2>it is funny to imagine some like drinking out of

0:28:01.480 --> 0:28:02.919
<v Speaker 2>the stem of a tea kettle.

0:28:03.680 --> 0:28:06.879
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, yeah, it does seem like you might burn your

0:28:06.880 --> 0:28:13.040
<v Speaker 1>mouth with this, So recorded recipes, many of these came later.

0:28:13.080 --> 0:28:15.360
<v Speaker 1>I believe they called if you were going to fill

0:28:15.400 --> 0:28:17.439
<v Speaker 1>the pauset, it would call for a great deal of

0:28:17.480 --> 0:28:20.680
<v Speaker 1>egg and cream. They might also call for beer, sugar,

0:28:20.920 --> 0:28:24.439
<v Speaker 1>and also thickening agents such as bread, biscuits, oatmeal, and

0:28:24.480 --> 0:28:28.280
<v Speaker 1>almond paste. In some cases, the upper portions are said

0:28:28.280 --> 0:28:31.760
<v Speaker 1>to take on a cheesey quality, which actually brings to

0:28:31.800 --> 0:28:35.040
<v Speaker 1>mind modern cheese milk tea drinks, which are quite delightful

0:28:35.440 --> 0:28:37.240
<v Speaker 1>if you haven't had one, I know, this is something

0:28:37.280 --> 0:28:39.920
<v Speaker 1>that can be kind of hard to imagine. Why should

0:28:39.960 --> 0:28:44.640
<v Speaker 1>my milk tea taste like cheese. Well it's it's not

0:28:44.680 --> 0:28:48.520
<v Speaker 1>what you're imagining if you're imagining something that turns your stomach.

0:28:48.600 --> 0:28:50.880
<v Speaker 1>It's not like cheddar cheese on the top of your tea.

0:28:50.920 --> 0:28:57.400
<v Speaker 1>It's something sweetier and creamier, but with that slight cheesy twist.

0:28:57.080 --> 0:29:00.719
<v Speaker 2>To it, not like provolone.

0:29:00.480 --> 0:29:04.160
<v Speaker 1>Right right now. I should also mention there are more

0:29:04.280 --> 0:29:07.520
<v Speaker 1>contemporary posset dishes, such as you often see recipes for

0:29:07.600 --> 0:29:10.680
<v Speaker 1>something called a lemon passet, but this seems somewhat more

0:29:10.720 --> 0:29:13.400
<v Speaker 1>refined compared to what is described here. This is not

0:29:13.520 --> 0:29:16.560
<v Speaker 1>something you drink out of a strange tea kettle. It's

0:29:16.560 --> 0:29:21.240
<v Speaker 1>something you spoon out of a dish. But is it eggnog? Well,

0:29:21.760 --> 0:29:24.560
<v Speaker 1>in many ways, if not most ways, no. But it

0:29:24.680 --> 0:29:27.400
<v Speaker 1>also sounds like the sort of thing that if you

0:29:27.400 --> 0:29:33.040
<v Speaker 1>were a time traveler from an eggnog having culture and

0:29:33.080 --> 0:29:35.320
<v Speaker 1>you went back to the late medieval ages and you're like,

0:29:35.320 --> 0:29:37.280
<v Speaker 1>where's my eggnog and people are like what are you

0:29:37.320 --> 0:29:40.840
<v Speaker 1>talking about? You might discover the posset and be like, oh,

0:29:40.920 --> 0:29:43.560
<v Speaker 1>well this will work, this will do. Now my holiday

0:29:43.600 --> 0:29:44.120
<v Speaker 1>is complete.

0:29:44.480 --> 0:29:48.120
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, it's a liquidy egg and milk or egg and

0:29:48.200 --> 0:29:49.160
<v Speaker 2>cream type.

0:29:48.920 --> 0:29:53.719
<v Speaker 1>Thing, right, And I think it's not crazy to imagine

0:29:53.840 --> 0:29:56.320
<v Speaker 1>that this sort of precedent for this sort of drink

0:29:56.520 --> 0:29:59.680
<v Speaker 1>and the sort of taste sensations that it brings about,

0:30:00.120 --> 0:30:02.600
<v Speaker 1>this could feed into the very American traditions that would,

0:30:02.600 --> 0:30:05.640
<v Speaker 1>according to Thomas, bring about the American eggnog.

0:30:06.280 --> 0:30:09.640
<v Speaker 2>So I assume after we get out of this early

0:30:09.720 --> 0:30:14.320
<v Speaker 2>period where mentions are scarce and don't really explain much

0:30:14.320 --> 0:30:17.360
<v Speaker 2>about eggnog except like the Irish guy who's clearly not

0:30:17.480 --> 0:30:20.400
<v Speaker 2>familiar with it, we get into a period where there

0:30:20.440 --> 0:30:24.000
<v Speaker 2>is more extensive writing on eggnog, maybe like in actual

0:30:24.000 --> 0:30:25.040
<v Speaker 2>cookery manuals.

0:30:25.600 --> 0:30:28.920
<v Speaker 1>Yeah. Yeah, there's a lot more material on You was

0:30:29.000 --> 0:30:32.600
<v Speaker 1>a certain point, and Wondrich has a whole chapter on

0:30:32.680 --> 0:30:36.280
<v Speaker 1>egg drinks in his book im Vibe. As he writes it,

0:30:36.360 --> 0:30:39.880
<v Speaker 1>there quote neither punches nor part of the lineage of cocktails.

0:30:40.520 --> 0:30:42.800
<v Speaker 1>And this is also somewhat how Jerry Thomas and the

0:30:42.840 --> 0:30:46.080
<v Speaker 1>people of his day would have classified them. One of

0:30:46.120 --> 0:30:48.120
<v Speaker 1>the things that really amazed me about all this, though,

0:30:48.240 --> 0:30:51.640
<v Speaker 1>is that Wondredge points out that egg drinks were once

0:30:51.720 --> 0:30:55.440
<v Speaker 1>far more common and kind of a daily affair, but

0:30:55.520 --> 0:30:58.760
<v Speaker 1>that few survive today. This kind of comes back to

0:30:58.800 --> 0:31:02.320
<v Speaker 1>your example earlier about egg nog for breakfast, Why not perfect,

0:31:02.720 --> 0:31:06.600
<v Speaker 1>keep the fog away, et cetera. Now, now I should

0:31:06.600 --> 0:31:08.200
<v Speaker 1>point out this is the two thousand and seven books,

0:31:08.200 --> 0:31:10.360
<v Speaker 1>so I'm not sure if we've seen anything in the

0:31:10.360 --> 0:31:13.280
<v Speaker 1>way of a resurgence of egg drinks. It might be

0:31:13.280 --> 0:31:16.160
<v Speaker 1>the case, though, you know, given the spirit of cocktail

0:31:16.200 --> 0:31:19.360
<v Speaker 1>making and it's tend to re explore older fashions and

0:31:19.440 --> 0:31:22.760
<v Speaker 1>even remake them with modern twists, I don't feel like

0:31:22.800 --> 0:31:25.920
<v Speaker 1>it's tremendously uncommon to find at least a single egg

0:31:26.000 --> 0:31:28.720
<v Speaker 1>drink on a fancy cocktail menu, though to be sure,

0:31:28.720 --> 0:31:32.080
<v Speaker 1>you probably won't find them on just random restaurant cocktail menus.

0:31:32.120 --> 0:31:35.400
<v Speaker 1>Like I don't know if Chili's offers an egg drink.

0:31:36.840 --> 0:31:39.600
<v Speaker 2>I'm trying to think, what are the standard egg drinks other? Well,

0:31:39.640 --> 0:31:42.800
<v Speaker 2>I guess there are like drinks I don't usually get,

0:31:42.800 --> 0:31:46.400
<v Speaker 2>but like, aren't there like sours and fizzes and stuff

0:31:46.440 --> 0:31:49.600
<v Speaker 2>that that have egg whites in them? Yeah.

0:31:49.760 --> 0:31:53.360
<v Speaker 1>Wondred points out that the major survivors include the nineteenth

0:31:53.360 --> 0:31:56.520
<v Speaker 1>century Tom and Jerry drink. This would be not getting

0:31:56.520 --> 0:31:59.400
<v Speaker 1>into the proportions, but it's like sugar, eggs rum, cinnamon, cloves,

0:31:59.440 --> 0:32:02.920
<v Speaker 1>all spies. There's the sherry flip, which is basically egg,

0:32:02.960 --> 0:32:07.000
<v Speaker 1>sugar and sherry, and he discusses his elsewhere in the book.

0:32:07.000 --> 0:32:08.920
<v Speaker 1>But of course there's the Ramos gin Fizz, which is

0:32:08.960 --> 0:32:13.120
<v Speaker 1>pretty famous New Orleans drink that contains gin, simple syrup,

0:32:13.280 --> 0:32:16.880
<v Speaker 1>lemon juice, lime juice, egg white, heavy cream, orange flour, water,

0:32:16.920 --> 0:32:20.480
<v Speaker 1>and club soda. It's one that famously requires a great

0:32:20.480 --> 0:32:23.560
<v Speaker 1>deal of shaking. You may you may receive a dirty

0:32:23.600 --> 0:32:26.560
<v Speaker 1>look from the bartender when you order it because of

0:32:26.560 --> 0:32:28.440
<v Speaker 1>all the shaking it's going to require. Sometimes they have

0:32:28.520 --> 0:32:30.800
<v Speaker 1>to pass it off to another bartender to continue shake

0:32:30.920 --> 0:32:35.080
<v Speaker 1>shaking it. But it is also a delightful drink. But yeah,

0:32:35.080 --> 0:32:38.840
<v Speaker 1>he Wonderedge points out though, that even though we only

0:32:38.840 --> 0:32:41.320
<v Speaker 1>have so many egg drinks that kind of survived, there

0:32:41.480 --> 0:32:46.640
<v Speaker 1>was this time where where egg based drinks, egg egg

0:32:47.120 --> 0:32:51.400
<v Speaker 1>based alcoholic drinks were consumed on pretty much a daily basis,

0:32:51.440 --> 0:32:54.680
<v Speaker 1>And we're as popular as eggnog drinks are during the

0:32:54.760 --> 0:33:00.560
<v Speaker 1>holiday year round. So just imagine imagine a world in

0:33:00.640 --> 0:33:04.600
<v Speaker 1>which eggnog is stocked at the grocery store year round

0:33:05.000 --> 0:33:08.680
<v Speaker 1>to meet people's demand. For it, and everybody's having it

0:33:09.000 --> 0:33:11.600
<v Speaker 1>boozed up. Not that they bought it at the grocery store,

0:33:11.680 --> 0:33:13.120
<v Speaker 1>they made. You get my point.

0:33:13.840 --> 0:33:16.160
<v Speaker 2>That's that sounds like a magical time.

0:33:16.400 --> 0:33:18.360
<v Speaker 1>A very rich, rich time.

0:33:18.760 --> 0:33:19.600
<v Speaker 2>Yeah.

0:33:19.880 --> 0:33:23.959
<v Speaker 1>But as Paul Clark points out in the Imbibed magazine article,

0:33:24.400 --> 0:33:29.320
<v Speaker 1>elements egg cocktails, changing tastes and salmonella scares pretty much

0:33:29.440 --> 0:33:32.520
<v Speaker 1>chased raw eggs out of the bar. And this would

0:33:32.520 --> 0:33:34.280
<v Speaker 1>be kind of this would be the reason that only

0:33:34.360 --> 0:33:37.440
<v Speaker 1>so many egg drinks kind of survived this period of

0:33:37.480 --> 0:33:40.320
<v Speaker 1>time in which, on one hand, yet changing taste you

0:33:40.320 --> 0:33:44.280
<v Speaker 1>can imagine, perhaps you know their new fads and cocktails,

0:33:44.520 --> 0:33:49.080
<v Speaker 1>new ingredients are more readily available for cocktails. And then

0:33:49.120 --> 0:33:51.000
<v Speaker 1>there's this whole issue of salmonella.

0:33:51.400 --> 0:33:54.560
<v Speaker 2>Salmonella concerns, of course, remain relevant to this day, and

0:33:54.600 --> 0:33:57.120
<v Speaker 2>we'll come back to those in just a few minutes now.

0:33:57.120 --> 0:33:58.680
<v Speaker 1>Wonder Che also points out there was a great deal

0:33:58.680 --> 0:34:01.280
<v Speaker 1>of variation when it came to egg recipes, which I

0:34:01.160 --> 0:34:03.920
<v Speaker 1>imagine is going to be the case with any popular drink,

0:34:04.040 --> 0:34:07.640
<v Speaker 1>even if the recipe isn't secret. See the invention episode

0:34:07.680 --> 0:34:09.880
<v Speaker 1>we did about the My Tie for examples of this.

0:34:10.040 --> 0:34:12.920
<v Speaker 1>On both counts, if the recipe is secret, people are

0:34:12.920 --> 0:34:15.319
<v Speaker 1>going to try and recreate it. And even if the

0:34:15.360 --> 0:34:17.800
<v Speaker 1>secret it is if there's no secret, if the recipe

0:34:17.840 --> 0:34:20.960
<v Speaker 1>is well known, you're going to end up having deviations anyway.

0:34:21.520 --> 0:34:25.080
<v Speaker 1>For instance, anywhere you go today the my tie recipe,

0:34:25.120 --> 0:34:27.480
<v Speaker 1>there's no telling what a restaurant will actually serve you

0:34:27.520 --> 0:34:31.680
<v Speaker 1>if you order a my tie, even though the the

0:34:31.760 --> 0:34:34.319
<v Speaker 1>original recipe is very well known at this point, or

0:34:34.360 --> 0:34:37.000
<v Speaker 1>it's it's very easily obtained if you have a desire

0:34:37.080 --> 0:34:41.880
<v Speaker 1>to seek it out. But these regional differences in eggnog,

0:34:42.160 --> 0:34:45.680
<v Speaker 1>this would this would really make people emotional. Wonderdch Show

0:34:45.960 --> 0:34:49.840
<v Speaker 1>points out this account where there's a judge who encountered

0:34:49.840 --> 0:34:53.680
<v Speaker 1>eggnog in an inn and it didn't have whiskey enough

0:34:53.719 --> 0:34:56.160
<v Speaker 1>in it, and therefore there was this huge altercation.

0:34:56.800 --> 0:34:59.520
<v Speaker 2>Ohll yeah, I mean again, going back to stories about ends.

0:34:59.560 --> 0:35:01.360
<v Speaker 2>You don't say what time of day this is, but

0:35:01.440 --> 0:35:04.319
<v Speaker 2>this eggnog might have been his morning eggnog, which sets

0:35:04.360 --> 0:35:06.239
<v Speaker 2>the tone for the entire day. It's like, you know,

0:35:06.239 --> 0:35:08.120
<v Speaker 2>if you don't get your coffee right in the morning,

0:35:08.200 --> 0:35:09.400
<v Speaker 2>that's bad news.

0:35:10.000 --> 0:35:13.520
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, if I don't get my heavily alcoholic eggnog in

0:35:13.560 --> 0:35:17.359
<v Speaker 1>the morning. I'm no good now. Sometimes those regional differences, though,

0:35:17.400 --> 0:35:20.000
<v Speaker 1>are going to be entirely based on what is available

0:35:20.040 --> 0:35:23.120
<v Speaker 1>to you, and a great example of this is the

0:35:23.239 --> 0:35:27.840
<v Speaker 1>Texian version of eggnog. He includes the recipe in the book.

0:35:28.160 --> 0:35:33.160
<v Speaker 1>It stems from General Thomas Green of the Army of

0:35:33.160 --> 0:35:37.440
<v Speaker 1>the Texas Republic from eighteen forty three. The recipe serves

0:35:37.440 --> 0:35:41.000
<v Speaker 1>about one hundred and sixty It calls for seven gallons

0:35:41.000 --> 0:35:46.400
<v Speaker 1>of mescal, seven gallons of donkey milk, thirty dozen eggs,

0:35:46.440 --> 0:35:48.440
<v Speaker 1>and a large loaf of sugar.

0:35:51.080 --> 0:35:53.000
<v Speaker 2>I love that sugar used to come in loaves.

0:35:53.400 --> 0:35:55.480
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, oh, if you're making eggnog for one hundred and

0:35:55.520 --> 0:35:58.520
<v Speaker 1>sixty and a number of these recipes do call for

0:35:58.760 --> 0:36:03.040
<v Speaker 1>large vats of eggnog, but this is quite a lot.

0:36:03.080 --> 0:36:06.040
<v Speaker 1>I mean, seven gallons of mezcal, seven gallons of donkey milk.

0:36:06.239 --> 0:36:08.480
<v Speaker 2>I've never tasted donkey milk. I don't even know what

0:36:08.480 --> 0:36:09.080
<v Speaker 2>that would.

0:36:08.840 --> 0:36:12.400
<v Speaker 1>Be like again two thousand and seven book, but Wondrich

0:36:12.480 --> 0:36:14.920
<v Speaker 1>mentioned that donkey milk was becoming popular at the time

0:36:15.000 --> 0:36:18.520
<v Speaker 1>in Europe due to this. I supposely it had some

0:36:18.600 --> 0:36:21.520
<v Speaker 1>health advantages to it. I don't know if that's true.

0:36:21.840 --> 0:36:25.000
<v Speaker 1>I don't know if it's still popular as an alternative milk.

0:36:25.000 --> 0:36:27.560
<v Speaker 1>I don't think I've seen it in myself in health

0:36:27.560 --> 0:36:29.719
<v Speaker 1>fied stores. But then again, I'm not really in the

0:36:29.719 --> 0:36:34.560
<v Speaker 1>market for donkey milk anyway. Well, Wondrich roughly translates the

0:36:34.600 --> 0:36:38.399
<v Speaker 1>recipe for modern drinkers in that book. He of course

0:36:38.400 --> 0:36:40.640
<v Speaker 1>says you can use cow milk instead of donkey milk,

0:36:41.640 --> 0:36:44.520
<v Speaker 1>and he also recommends grating a little chocolate on top.

0:36:46.080 --> 0:36:50.120
<v Speaker 1>So Jerry Thomas apparently chronicled six different eggnog recipes, and

0:36:50.200 --> 0:36:53.040
<v Speaker 1>Wondrich includes recipes for three of them in his book.

0:36:53.400 --> 0:36:56.719
<v Speaker 1>Roughly speaking, these are the contents of these three that

0:36:56.760 --> 0:37:01.760
<v Speaker 1>he shares. There's Baltimore eggnog, eggs sugar, nutmeg, brandy or rum, wine,

0:37:01.840 --> 0:37:06.120
<v Speaker 1>egg whites and milk. There's Eggnog Individual, which calls for sugar,

0:37:06.160 --> 0:37:11.640
<v Speaker 1>cold water, egg, cognac, Santa Cruz, rum and milk. And

0:37:11.680 --> 0:37:16.160
<v Speaker 1>then there's General Harrison's eggnog. This is ninth American President

0:37:16.160 --> 0:37:18.839
<v Speaker 1>William Henry Harrison, and this was said to be one

0:37:18.840 --> 0:37:23.520
<v Speaker 1>of his favorites. It called for egg, sugar, hard cider,

0:37:23.840 --> 0:37:27.880
<v Speaker 1>and lumps of ice. Important to note here that cider

0:37:28.000 --> 0:37:31.200
<v Speaker 1>drinking was part of his brand. His whole image that

0:37:31.239 --> 0:37:33.960
<v Speaker 1>he tried to put out was like, I'm not really

0:37:34.000 --> 0:37:36.600
<v Speaker 1>at home in this old Washington environment. I just want

0:37:36.600 --> 0:37:38.760
<v Speaker 1>to sit on the porch and drink some hard cider.

0:37:39.400 --> 0:37:43.120
<v Speaker 1>Won't you have some of my hard cider based eggnog

0:37:43.239 --> 0:37:43.920
<v Speaker 1>and vote for me?

0:37:44.520 --> 0:37:47.960
<v Speaker 2>Yeah? That was him saying like, I'm just a hard

0:37:47.960 --> 0:37:50.840
<v Speaker 2>working frontiersman. I'm not one of these elites.

0:37:51.280 --> 0:37:55.080
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, but I don't know. I mean, I appreciate hardsider,

0:37:55.640 --> 0:37:58.239
<v Speaker 1>but this sounds horrific. I don't think I would I

0:37:58.280 --> 0:38:01.320
<v Speaker 1>would want any part of this. So General Harrison, no,

0:38:01.400 --> 0:38:01.719
<v Speaker 1>thank you.

0:38:02.440 --> 0:38:05.680
<v Speaker 2>General Harrison also died about some like thirty days into

0:38:05.680 --> 0:38:10.239
<v Speaker 2>his first presidential term. Yeah, he's the one who he

0:38:10.239 --> 0:38:13.440
<v Speaker 2>didn't really make it very far. And their speculation about

0:38:13.440 --> 0:38:16.000
<v Speaker 2>why he died, but one of them is that he

0:38:16.040 --> 0:38:21.200
<v Speaker 2>may have succumbed to the fact that the water supply

0:38:21.440 --> 0:38:24.320
<v Speaker 2>at the White House at the time was heavily contaminated

0:38:24.360 --> 0:38:25.280
<v Speaker 2>with raw sewage.

0:38:26.000 --> 0:38:29.720
<v Speaker 1>Huh. Interesting. I had a whole tangent for this episode

0:38:29.760 --> 0:38:33.400
<v Speaker 1>about twelfth US President Zachary Taylor, who fell ill with

0:38:33.440 --> 0:38:36.200
<v Speaker 1>a fatal illness on July fourth of eighteen fifty after

0:38:36.200 --> 0:38:41.560
<v Speaker 1>a DC fundraiser that he attended where he quote drank

0:38:41.640 --> 0:38:47.080
<v Speaker 1>freely of iced water and chilled milk. According to biographer K.

0:38:47.320 --> 0:38:50.840
<v Speaker 1>Jack Bauer in the book Zachary Taylor's Soldier, Planter Statesman

0:38:51.440 --> 0:38:55.920
<v Speaker 1>of the Old Southwest. So I've seen this described as

0:38:55.960 --> 0:39:00.720
<v Speaker 1>copious amounts of cherries and iced milk. Apparently he preferred

0:39:00.760 --> 0:39:03.120
<v Speaker 1>drinking chilled milk. That was his thing. That was the

0:39:03.160 --> 0:39:06.880
<v Speaker 1>hardest drink that Zachary Taylor was known to imbibe himself.

0:39:07.920 --> 0:39:10.839
<v Speaker 1>But I cut most of this out because he wasn't

0:39:10.880 --> 0:39:14.040
<v Speaker 1>drinking as far as I can tell, a cherry chilled

0:39:14.040 --> 0:39:17.320
<v Speaker 1>milk concoction. It was just chilled milk and then also

0:39:17.360 --> 0:39:18.560
<v Speaker 1>a lot of cherries.

0:39:18.880 --> 0:39:28.440
<v Speaker 2>And probably plenty of raw sewage.

0:39:21.200 --> 0:39:31.080
<v Speaker 1>Oh is it time for salmonella?

0:39:31.320 --> 0:39:35.239
<v Speaker 2>Oh yeah, that's a great transition. So eggs and salmonilla.

0:39:35.360 --> 0:39:40.800
<v Speaker 2>Salmonilla remains probably the main reason people have reservations about

0:39:40.920 --> 0:39:45.839
<v Speaker 2>raw egg based food and drinks today. Salmonilla is a

0:39:46.000 --> 0:39:50.799
<v Speaker 2>genus of bacteria named not after salmon the fish, but

0:39:50.920 --> 0:39:55.600
<v Speaker 2>after an American veterinarian named Daniel Elmer Salmon. Though it

0:39:55.640 --> 0:39:58.439
<v Speaker 2>was not discovered by him, it was named after him,

0:39:59.400 --> 0:40:04.799
<v Speaker 2>basically because a species of salmonella was discovered by an

0:40:04.800 --> 0:40:09.719
<v Speaker 2>assistant in a lab who worked for salmon. The assistant's

0:40:09.800 --> 0:40:12.359
<v Speaker 2>name was Theobald Smith, but of course the boss gets

0:40:12.360 --> 0:40:16.839
<v Speaker 2>all the glory. Some zero types of salmonella are responsible

0:40:16.880 --> 0:40:21.280
<v Speaker 2>for really serious and historically significant diseases such as typhoid fever,

0:40:22.000 --> 0:40:26.040
<v Speaker 2>but multiple types of salmonilla will result in infections of

0:40:26.040 --> 0:40:30.960
<v Speaker 2>the intestinal tract. So salmonilla infection or salmonellosis, is one

0:40:31.000 --> 0:40:36.400
<v Speaker 2>of the most common food borne illnesses, often characterized by fever, diarrhea,

0:40:36.440 --> 0:40:42.319
<v Speaker 2>severe stomach cramps, nausea, vomiting, and headache. And because salmonella

0:40:42.440 --> 0:40:45.959
<v Speaker 2>is often transmitted through the fecal oral route, the risk

0:40:46.040 --> 0:40:49.320
<v Speaker 2>of contracting it is higher when people don't have access

0:40:49.320 --> 0:40:53.600
<v Speaker 2>to clean drinking water and effective sewage disposal. Though, salmonella

0:40:53.640 --> 0:40:57.680
<v Speaker 2>can also be transmitted between animals and humans, so animal

0:40:57.760 --> 0:41:02.120
<v Speaker 2>vectors such as eggs from infected chickens, can be a

0:41:02.200 --> 0:41:06.440
<v Speaker 2>major source of salmonillosis in humans as well. Now, on

0:41:06.480 --> 0:41:08.840
<v Speaker 2>the other hand, one thing to remember is that most

0:41:08.960 --> 0:41:13.080
<v Speaker 2>eggs are fine. Most eggs are not infected with salmonilla.

0:41:13.840 --> 0:41:16.759
<v Speaker 2>I don't know what the exact proportion is, but One

0:41:16.760 --> 0:41:19.920
<v Speaker 2>figure I saw kicking around from the two thousands was

0:41:19.960 --> 0:41:24.800
<v Speaker 2>a CDC estimate that roughly one in every twenty thousand

0:41:24.920 --> 0:41:28.560
<v Speaker 2>chicken eggs in the United States was contaminated. That number

0:41:28.600 --> 0:41:31.000
<v Speaker 2>may be different today. If so, it is probably somewhat

0:41:31.040 --> 0:41:34.840
<v Speaker 2>lower than that. But you know, I'm not saying you

0:41:34.880 --> 0:41:37.839
<v Speaker 2>should go about eating raw eggs. There is definitely risk there,

0:41:37.840 --> 0:41:40.959
<v Speaker 2>but also like the odds are pretty low that any

0:41:41.000 --> 0:41:44.440
<v Speaker 2>given egg is going to make you sick. Also, eggs

0:41:44.480 --> 0:41:47.480
<v Speaker 2>are fine if you cook them to the proper temperature

0:41:47.840 --> 0:41:50.920
<v Speaker 2>for the proper time. One hundred and sixty degrees fahrenheit

0:41:51.040 --> 0:41:55.520
<v Speaker 2>will kill just about anything instantly. Also, you know, even

0:41:55.560 --> 0:41:58.439
<v Speaker 2>lower temperatures, if held for a sufficient amount of time,

0:41:58.520 --> 0:42:02.480
<v Speaker 2>will be enough to to basically sterilize eggs. This is

0:42:02.880 --> 0:42:05.080
<v Speaker 2>you can look up charts on the amount of time

0:42:05.160 --> 0:42:07.839
<v Speaker 2>eggs need to spend at a certain temperature in order

0:42:07.880 --> 0:42:12.800
<v Speaker 2>to make them safe. However, eggnog is traditionally not made

0:42:12.880 --> 0:42:15.400
<v Speaker 2>with eggs that are cooked at all, but rather with

0:42:15.719 --> 0:42:21.040
<v Speaker 2>raw ones. So is there any risk, Well, yes, obviously

0:42:21.160 --> 0:42:24.479
<v Speaker 2>if you are just drinking raw eggs straight up, there

0:42:24.600 --> 0:42:29.440
<v Speaker 2>is some risk of salmonilla infection. One example of this

0:42:29.520 --> 0:42:32.000
<v Speaker 2>I mean, it happens all the time, but one example,

0:42:32.040 --> 0:42:35.440
<v Speaker 2>one case study I dug up with an interesting secondary finding.

0:42:36.120 --> 0:42:39.160
<v Speaker 2>This is a study published in The Lancet in nineteen

0:42:39.239 --> 0:42:43.880
<v Speaker 2>seventy five by Steer at All called person to person

0:42:43.960 --> 0:42:50.000
<v Speaker 2>spread of salmonilla typhimurium after a hospital common source outbreak.

0:42:50.560 --> 0:42:54.719
<v Speaker 2>So the abstract reads, in September nineteen seventy three, diarrhea

0:42:54.760 --> 0:42:59.040
<v Speaker 2>caused by salmonilla typhimurium developed in thirty two people in

0:42:59.080 --> 0:43:04.400
<v Speaker 2>a main hospital. Both epidemiological and microbiological evidence indicated that

0:43:04.640 --> 0:43:09.359
<v Speaker 2>raw egg beaten in milk for eggnog was responsible for

0:43:09.400 --> 0:43:13.560
<v Speaker 2>the infection. However, six patients and eight employees had not

0:43:13.760 --> 0:43:17.520
<v Speaker 2>had eggnog, and their illness developed after the source of

0:43:17.560 --> 0:43:21.560
<v Speaker 2>infection had been recognized and removed. Most of these people

0:43:21.640 --> 0:43:25.680
<v Speaker 2>had had direct contact with an infected patient and presumably

0:43:26.080 --> 0:43:30.200
<v Speaker 2>acquired the infection by person to person spread. It's concluded

0:43:30.239 --> 0:43:34.520
<v Speaker 2>that person to person spread of salmonilla typhimurium can occur

0:43:34.600 --> 0:43:37.560
<v Speaker 2>in hospitals and can be a hazard to patients and staff.

0:43:37.800 --> 0:43:41.040
<v Speaker 2>So initially a bunch of people in a hospital got

0:43:41.080 --> 0:43:45.520
<v Speaker 2>salmonella from drinking eggnog, but then those people gave secondary

0:43:45.600 --> 0:43:50.000
<v Speaker 2>infections to others who didn't even touch the noog. Also,

0:43:50.040 --> 0:43:52.840
<v Speaker 2>I wanted to share another medical journal article I found

0:43:53.080 --> 0:43:55.480
<v Speaker 2>just because I thought it was very weird. This is

0:43:55.520 --> 0:44:01.680
<v Speaker 2>called eyelid absess in an eggnog drinker by Marcus and Wolverson,

0:44:01.760 --> 0:44:05.920
<v Speaker 2>published in the British Medical Journal nineteen eighty nine. Short

0:44:05.960 --> 0:44:08.360
<v Speaker 2>story is a seventy two year old man showed up

0:44:08.360 --> 0:44:11.640
<v Speaker 2>at a hospital in England with a huge abscess swelling

0:44:11.719 --> 0:44:15.719
<v Speaker 2>on his left upper eyelid, which they eventually determined had

0:44:16.080 --> 0:44:19.560
<v Speaker 2>spread to an infection of the bone in his forehead,

0:44:19.680 --> 0:44:23.279
<v Speaker 2>the bone above where his eye was. So he was

0:44:23.280 --> 0:44:26.719
<v Speaker 2>put under general anesthesia and the absess was drained. They

0:44:26.719 --> 0:44:28.680
<v Speaker 2>did a culture of the pus and it revealed the

0:44:28.719 --> 0:44:33.360
<v Speaker 2>presence of a type of salmonella. They eventually did another

0:44:33.440 --> 0:44:36.600
<v Speaker 2>procedure to take care of the swelling in the bones

0:44:37.080 --> 0:44:39.719
<v Speaker 2>of the face, and he eventually made a full recovery.

0:44:40.280 --> 0:44:44.520
<v Speaker 2>The man had no gastro intestinal symptoms, and the authors

0:44:44.560 --> 0:44:48.120
<v Speaker 2>say that there had been recent cases of salmonilla infection

0:44:48.320 --> 0:44:51.360
<v Speaker 2>related to eggs, So they asked him about his diet.

0:44:51.440 --> 0:44:53.200
<v Speaker 2>And here I'm going to read from the case report

0:44:54.400 --> 0:44:57.680
<v Speaker 2>his diet consisted of West Indian and European food, but

0:44:57.760 --> 0:45:01.120
<v Speaker 2>he said that he cooked all eggs well. When he

0:45:01.200 --> 0:45:04.480
<v Speaker 2>was seen in the outpatient department, he was specifically asked

0:45:04.520 --> 0:45:09.080
<v Speaker 2>if he drank eggnog, and he then admitted drinking it frequently,

0:45:09.560 --> 0:45:13.600
<v Speaker 2>using a recipe of raw eggs, brandy, sugar, milk, and

0:45:13.719 --> 0:45:17.239
<v Speaker 2>vanilla essence. Now, the authors say they could find no

0:45:17.360 --> 0:45:21.080
<v Speaker 2>previous evidence of this particular type of salmonella causing an

0:45:21.120 --> 0:45:25.760
<v Speaker 2>eyelid absess, but that there are other known cases of

0:45:25.800 --> 0:45:30.520
<v Speaker 2>this bacterial infection spreading from a gut infection originally to

0:45:30.560 --> 0:45:33.440
<v Speaker 2>a secondary infection elsewhere in the body, such as in

0:45:33.480 --> 0:45:37.520
<v Speaker 2>the bones, especially the long bones, especially in patients with

0:45:37.760 --> 0:45:42.000
<v Speaker 2>underlying medical conditions, and in patients over seventy years of age.

0:45:43.040 --> 0:45:46.120
<v Speaker 2>And finally, the author's write quote, from nineteen eighty one

0:45:46.160 --> 0:45:50.160
<v Speaker 2>to nineteen eighty six, the proportion of salmonilla infections caused

0:45:50.200 --> 0:45:53.000
<v Speaker 2>by salmonella, and then they're talking about a specific type here,

0:45:53.239 --> 0:45:58.440
<v Speaker 2>salmonilla teriditis rose from eleven percent to twenty eight percent.

0:45:58.760 --> 0:46:02.200
<v Speaker 2>This rise was due mainly to a rise in phage

0:46:02.280 --> 0:46:06.040
<v Speaker 2>type four infections. Transmission of this phage type has been

0:46:06.080 --> 0:46:09.520
<v Speaker 2>increasingly associated with poultry, and it is now known to

0:46:09.560 --> 0:46:16.160
<v Speaker 2>be transmitted in eggs. Egg born salmonilla teroiditis is destroyed

0:46:16.200 --> 0:46:18.960
<v Speaker 2>by thorough cooking. The raw egg in the eggnog may

0:46:19.000 --> 0:46:22.920
<v Speaker 2>have been the vehicle of infection. Unless specifically asked for,

0:46:23.400 --> 0:46:27.560
<v Speaker 2>a history of eggnog drinking may not emerge on dietary questioning.

0:46:29.040 --> 0:46:31.560
<v Speaker 2>But okay, now, I'm sure a lot of people out

0:46:31.560 --> 0:46:36.040
<v Speaker 2>there are wondering, Wait a minute. Okay, obviously, you know

0:46:36.080 --> 0:46:38.600
<v Speaker 2>you mix up a bunch of raw eggs and you

0:46:38.760 --> 0:46:41.840
<v Speaker 2>just drink that, that definitely is putting you at risk.

0:46:42.120 --> 0:46:45.400
<v Speaker 2>But if you put alcohol in the eggnog, surely that

0:46:45.440 --> 0:46:48.800
<v Speaker 2>would be safe. Right. Doesn't alcohol kill germs?

0:46:49.280 --> 0:46:52.560
<v Speaker 1>Yeah? And we're talking a lot of alcohol in some

0:46:52.600 --> 0:46:53.560
<v Speaker 1>of these recipes.

0:46:54.000 --> 0:46:58.480
<v Speaker 2>Now, frustratingly, I have not been able to put together

0:46:58.640 --> 0:47:03.040
<v Speaker 2>a very clear answer on the exact relationship between alcohol

0:47:03.080 --> 0:47:06.600
<v Speaker 2>content and raw egg safety. Instead, I've sort of assembled

0:47:06.600 --> 0:47:10.600
<v Speaker 2>some different conflicting data points. But I'll share a few

0:47:10.640 --> 0:47:14.719
<v Speaker 2>of the results I came across. So one thing I

0:47:14.760 --> 0:47:17.440
<v Speaker 2>found is a study in the International Journal of Food

0:47:17.480 --> 0:47:22.880
<v Speaker 2>Microbiology published in nineteen ninety called Survival of pathogenic microorganisms

0:47:22.880 --> 0:47:26.759
<v Speaker 2>in an eggnog like product containing seven percent ethanol. This

0:47:26.920 --> 0:47:30.880
<v Speaker 2>is by notermans at all, So this is a lab test.

0:47:31.000 --> 0:47:35.080
<v Speaker 2>They say, let's make some boozy eggnog and directly inject

0:47:35.120 --> 0:47:39.359
<v Speaker 2>pathogenic microorganisms in there and see what happens. So they

0:47:39.360 --> 0:47:44.120
<v Speaker 2>say a liquor consisting of whole egg sacros meaning sugar

0:47:44.520 --> 0:47:50.279
<v Speaker 2>twenty five percent and ethanol of seven percent was artificially

0:47:50.320 --> 0:47:58.680
<v Speaker 2>contaminated with Salmonella teriditis, salmonilla, typhomurium, Staphylococcus aureus, three different

0:47:58.719 --> 0:48:04.560
<v Speaker 2>strains Basillis serious, and Listeria. And they say, after three

0:48:04.600 --> 0:48:08.919
<v Speaker 2>weeks of incubation at twenty two degrees celsius twenty two

0:48:08.920 --> 0:48:12.480
<v Speaker 2>degrees celsius is about seventy one degrees fahrenheit room temperature,

0:48:13.760 --> 0:48:18.719
<v Speaker 2>the numbers of salmonilla, Staphylococcus aureus, and of the Listeria

0:48:18.760 --> 0:48:22.040
<v Speaker 2>species they use decreased by more than three log based

0:48:22.120 --> 0:48:25.239
<v Speaker 2>ten units, and if I understand correctly, I believe that's

0:48:25.280 --> 0:48:29.680
<v Speaker 2>a ninety nine point nine percent reduction in the number

0:48:29.680 --> 0:48:33.000
<v Speaker 2>of bacteria units there. They say, under such conditions, however,

0:48:33.080 --> 0:48:38.239
<v Speaker 2>the total number of microorganisms increased three log ten units.

0:48:38.640 --> 0:48:41.160
<v Speaker 2>Then they say at four degrees celsius, so I think

0:48:41.160 --> 0:48:46.080
<v Speaker 2>this would be simulating refrigerator temperatures. The decrease of pathogenic

0:48:46.120 --> 0:48:49.600
<v Speaker 2>microorganisms was much slower, and a decrease of three log

0:48:49.640 --> 0:48:54.320
<v Speaker 2>based ten units was observed only after seven weeks of incubation.

0:48:55.160 --> 0:48:59.680
<v Speaker 2>So this study finds eggnog without alcohol incubated at room temperature. Yeah,

0:48:59.719 --> 0:49:03.680
<v Speaker 2>that's you allow populations of salmonilla and staff to explode.

0:49:04.360 --> 0:49:07.240
<v Speaker 2>But in this study, the presence of seven percent straight

0:49:07.280 --> 0:49:11.480
<v Speaker 2>ethanol significantly reduced the amount of salmonilla staff in listeria

0:49:11.760 --> 0:49:14.400
<v Speaker 2>over the course of three weeks at room temperature and

0:49:14.440 --> 0:49:17.600
<v Speaker 2>over the course of seven weeks at fridge temperature. However,

0:49:17.800 --> 0:49:19.960
<v Speaker 2>other microorganisms can grow.

0:49:20.480 --> 0:49:23.200
<v Speaker 1>I'm pretty sure this recipe for agnog that they used

0:49:23.280 --> 0:49:26.880
<v Speaker 1>is the doctor cushion catheter right, recipe for agnog With

0:49:26.920 --> 0:49:28.360
<v Speaker 1>all of these added diseases.

0:49:31.160 --> 0:49:34.640
<v Speaker 2>You can just imagine Christopher Lee drooling over it. Well,

0:49:34.680 --> 0:49:39.880
<v Speaker 2>the Stanton Twins dance. But the amount of alcohol clearly matters.

0:49:40.840 --> 0:49:45.360
<v Speaker 2>One highly cited informal experiment. This was not published in

0:49:45.400 --> 0:49:47.400
<v Speaker 2>a scientific journal as far as I can tell, but

0:49:47.480 --> 0:49:52.000
<v Speaker 2>it was done and reported on by NPR for Science Friday.

0:49:52.040 --> 0:49:55.400
<v Speaker 2>It was done in the late two thousands by microbiologists

0:49:55.440 --> 0:49:59.880
<v Speaker 2>at the at Rockefeller University named Vince Faschetti and Ray

0:50:00.120 --> 0:50:03.799
<v Speaker 2>and Shuck and it was covered on Science Friday. And

0:50:03.920 --> 0:50:07.960
<v Speaker 2>apparently these researchers used a recipe that the staff at

0:50:07.960 --> 0:50:11.040
<v Speaker 2>the university would make every year, which originally traced back

0:50:11.080 --> 0:50:15.440
<v Speaker 2>to the great American microbiologist Rebecca Lancefield. So this is

0:50:15.480 --> 0:50:19.680
<v Speaker 2>her original eggnog recipe. She had worked at Rockfiller University

0:50:19.719 --> 0:50:22.919
<v Speaker 2>decades earlier. Apparent they're still making her eggnog years after

0:50:22.960 --> 0:50:27.480
<v Speaker 2>she passed away. And the recipe includes raw eggs, but

0:50:27.560 --> 0:50:31.960
<v Speaker 2>also cream, sugar, and a lot of hard liquor. The

0:50:32.040 --> 0:50:35.840
<v Speaker 2>liquors in this version are Bourbon and rum NPR reported

0:50:35.880 --> 0:50:39.440
<v Speaker 2>that the alcohol concentration of the final drink was about

0:50:39.440 --> 0:50:42.279
<v Speaker 2>twenty percent. And the way they would do it is

0:50:42.280 --> 0:50:45.120
<v Speaker 2>every year they'd make it before Thanksgiving and then enjoy

0:50:45.160 --> 0:50:48.440
<v Speaker 2>it around Christmas time. So it had an incubation period

0:50:48.480 --> 0:50:53.320
<v Speaker 2>in the refrigerator of about six weeks. So for this experiment,

0:50:53.320 --> 0:50:57.320
<v Speaker 2>the researchers made their usual noog, but they deliberately spiked

0:50:57.320 --> 0:51:00.319
<v Speaker 2>it once again with salmonilla. Just you can watch video

0:51:00.360 --> 0:51:04.880
<v Speaker 2>of this. They're just injecting this orange juice into the eggs.

0:51:04.880 --> 0:51:08.520
<v Speaker 2>It's disgusting. They say. They put in the amount of

0:51:08.520 --> 0:51:13.160
<v Speaker 2>salmonella you would expect from including about somewhere between one

0:51:13.280 --> 0:51:17.839
<v Speaker 2>and ten contaminated eggs, and then they took samples at

0:51:17.960 --> 0:51:22.200
<v Speaker 2>various stages of preparation and incubation to see what grew

0:51:22.360 --> 0:51:25.479
<v Speaker 2>over the course of the next three weeks. So egg

0:51:25.520 --> 0:51:29.319
<v Speaker 2>plus salmonilla with no alcohol, that's just it formed a

0:51:29.560 --> 0:51:35.000
<v Speaker 2>solid mat of salmon just huge boom, millions of bacteria. Disgusting.

0:51:35.360 --> 0:51:37.160
<v Speaker 1>Hey, you can need your spoon in your poset for

0:51:37.200 --> 0:51:38.200
<v Speaker 1>that one ugh.

0:51:39.000 --> 0:51:42.960
<v Speaker 2>Egg plus salmonilla plus alcohol with the sample taken immediately

0:51:43.000 --> 0:51:47.760
<v Speaker 2>after mixing give you a modest reduction, but still plenty

0:51:47.800 --> 0:51:50.799
<v Speaker 2>of salmonilla growth. This would still absolutely make you sick.

0:51:51.680 --> 0:51:55.600
<v Speaker 2>Egg plus salmonilla plus alcohol, but one day after mixing,

0:51:56.120 --> 0:51:59.440
<v Speaker 2>still plenty of salmonilla, but less than the one taken

0:51:59.520 --> 0:52:04.360
<v Speaker 2>right after mixing. One week later there was noticeably less

0:52:04.400 --> 0:52:07.200
<v Speaker 2>bacterial growth, but they said still probably enough to make

0:52:07.239 --> 0:52:10.560
<v Speaker 2>you sick. But then the sample from three weeks later

0:52:10.800 --> 0:52:15.840
<v Speaker 2>there's nothing, no bacterial growth at all. So somewhere between

0:52:16.160 --> 0:52:20.680
<v Speaker 2>one week and three weeks this batch went from biohazard

0:52:20.880 --> 0:52:27.080
<v Speaker 2>to presumably safe. Though I noticed that the Science Friday

0:52:27.120 --> 0:52:30.560
<v Speaker 2>report made a joke about like the researchers themselves are

0:52:30.640 --> 0:52:33.840
<v Speaker 2>joking about this. They said, you know, we could really

0:52:33.880 --> 0:52:37.920
<v Speaker 2>commit to our result and just drink it, but maybe not,

0:52:38.560 --> 0:52:42.759
<v Speaker 2>which makes sense right, like why risk it? And that

0:52:43.120 --> 0:52:45.160
<v Speaker 2>kind of spirit comes through in a lot of the

0:52:45.320 --> 0:52:48.920
<v Speaker 2>other sources I've seen talking about whether alcohol will render

0:52:48.960 --> 0:52:53.040
<v Speaker 2>your eggnog safe, because it seems clear there's evidence that

0:52:53.120 --> 0:52:56.200
<v Speaker 2>at least in some cases, even if you got unlucky

0:52:56.280 --> 0:52:59.800
<v Speaker 2>enough in got a contaminated egg, given enough alcohol and

0:52:59.840 --> 0:53:03.360
<v Speaker 2>an enough time, the noog would probably be safe. But

0:53:03.920 --> 0:53:06.160
<v Speaker 2>there are a lot of variables here, and so it

0:53:06.200 --> 0:53:08.600
<v Speaker 2>seems like a bunch of public health and food safety

0:53:08.640 --> 0:53:12.560
<v Speaker 2>sources are still cautious. They're still kind of cagy about

0:53:12.560 --> 0:53:15.440
<v Speaker 2>giving the green light on this, and they default to

0:53:15.480 --> 0:53:17.760
<v Speaker 2>saying that if you want to be sure you're safe,

0:53:17.840 --> 0:53:20.920
<v Speaker 2>you should use pasteurized eggs from a carton which have

0:53:21.000 --> 0:53:23.640
<v Speaker 2>been rendered safe by preheating in the facility where they

0:53:23.640 --> 0:53:28.560
<v Speaker 2>were packaged, or they also recommend cooking the eggs. Basically,

0:53:28.600 --> 0:53:32.000
<v Speaker 2>like sources citing experts at the FDA or the USDA

0:53:32.480 --> 0:53:35.279
<v Speaker 2>say that you can't always count on alcohol to kill

0:53:35.320 --> 0:53:38.480
<v Speaker 2>potential bacterial content of raw eggs, and if you want

0:53:38.480 --> 0:53:40.640
<v Speaker 2>to be safe, the eggs should be cooked. You can

0:53:40.680 --> 0:53:43.280
<v Speaker 2>do this by like mixing the eggs and milk together

0:53:43.360 --> 0:53:45.800
<v Speaker 2>and gently bringing up to one hundred and sixty degrees

0:53:45.840 --> 0:53:50.320
<v Speaker 2>fahrenheit while stirring to kill any possible bacterial content before

0:53:50.360 --> 0:53:53.839
<v Speaker 2>you add the other ingredients. So personally, I don't know

0:53:53.920 --> 0:53:57.319
<v Speaker 2>exactly where we are left here. I will say it

0:53:57.400 --> 0:54:02.640
<v Speaker 2>looks like some experiments do show that alcohol content will

0:54:02.880 --> 0:54:05.399
<v Speaker 2>at least often, maybe not always, but will at least

0:54:05.440 --> 0:54:09.320
<v Speaker 2>often neutralize the main bacteria that people are worried about,

0:54:09.360 --> 0:54:14.120
<v Speaker 2>meaning salmonilla, given enough alcohol and enough time. And I

0:54:14.120 --> 0:54:16.960
<v Speaker 2>will say that I also, just speaking for myself, not

0:54:17.000 --> 0:54:21.919
<v Speaker 2>giving advice to other people, have personally drunk eggnog made

0:54:21.960 --> 0:54:24.080
<v Speaker 2>in this way with raw eggs but with lots of

0:54:24.080 --> 0:54:28.600
<v Speaker 2>alcohol content, and personally I felt fine about it. But

0:54:29.000 --> 0:54:32.480
<v Speaker 2>it also looks like some experts still have concerns that

0:54:32.520 --> 0:54:34.880
<v Speaker 2>this might not always work, and caution that if you

0:54:34.920 --> 0:54:37.239
<v Speaker 2>want to make sure you're safe, you should cook your

0:54:37.239 --> 0:54:39.360
<v Speaker 2>eggs or use a pasteurized product.

0:54:39.600 --> 0:54:41.719
<v Speaker 1>I mean, this is also enough to make one rethink

0:54:42.600 --> 0:54:44.240
<v Speaker 1>eating raw cookie dough and so forth.

0:54:45.360 --> 0:54:47.400
<v Speaker 2>Oh yeah, I mean, well, it's true, I guess of

0:54:47.480 --> 0:54:50.040
<v Speaker 2>anything with raw eggs in it, like, there is always

0:54:50.120 --> 0:54:54.040
<v Speaker 2>some small amount of risk, you know, some small proportion

0:54:54.360 --> 0:54:57.320
<v Speaker 2>of eggs out there are going to be infected. Most

0:54:57.320 --> 0:54:59.680
<v Speaker 2>eggs are fine, but some are going to have some

0:55:00.239 --> 0:55:03.120
<v Speaker 2>in them, So you're always running that risk. And I guess,

0:55:03.800 --> 0:55:06.200
<v Speaker 2>I guess some of the difficulty comes from not just

0:55:06.800 --> 0:55:09.200
<v Speaker 2>whether or not you will accept the risk, but from

0:55:09.239 --> 0:55:12.520
<v Speaker 2>not knowing exactly how risky it is. Like you you

0:55:12.560 --> 0:55:15.000
<v Speaker 2>can't come up, you don't have a number, you know,

0:55:15.200 --> 0:55:18.000
<v Speaker 2>to say like, Okay, I have this percent chance of

0:55:18.040 --> 0:55:20.600
<v Speaker 2>getting salmonila if I do this instead, you just have

0:55:20.680 --> 0:55:23.920
<v Speaker 2>a vague sense that I have some small chance and

0:55:23.960 --> 0:55:26.040
<v Speaker 2>I don't know exactly what that chance is.

0:55:26.800 --> 0:55:29.480
<v Speaker 1>But any way, that's It's the holiday season. It's about

0:55:30.320 --> 0:55:35.840
<v Speaker 1>it's about thinking about your your chances of survival, a

0:55:35.920 --> 0:55:38.839
<v Speaker 1>winter festivity that it is supposed to get you through

0:55:38.840 --> 0:55:42.080
<v Speaker 1>the darkest portion of the year and hopefully see about

0:55:42.360 --> 0:55:44.360
<v Speaker 1>the resurrection of the living world.

0:55:45.239 --> 0:55:47.480
<v Speaker 2>That's quite beautifully put. But on the other hand, I'll

0:55:47.520 --> 0:55:50.160
<v Speaker 2>just say, like, you know, if if you're not sure, yeah,

0:55:50.239 --> 0:55:52.080
<v Speaker 2>just cook your eggs or just use the past your

0:55:52.080 --> 0:55:54.000
<v Speaker 2>eyes thing I mean it's fine now.

0:55:54.120 --> 0:55:56.239
<v Speaker 1>Last year, unstuff to blow your mind. We did an

0:55:56.400 --> 0:56:01.399
<v Speaker 1>entire episode looking at the major reward leg lamp from

0:56:01.600 --> 0:56:07.000
<v Speaker 1>a Christmas Story, the nineteen eighties holiday classic film, and

0:56:07.280 --> 0:56:10.400
<v Speaker 1>you know, looking at this leg shaped lamp and finding

0:56:12.320 --> 0:56:17.279
<v Speaker 1>predecessors to this in the ancient world. In a similar way,

0:56:17.400 --> 0:56:20.000
<v Speaker 1>I would like to at the close of this episode

0:56:20.040 --> 0:56:24.280
<v Speaker 1>on eggnog, consider the nineteen eighty nine holiday film Christmas Vacation,

0:56:25.320 --> 0:56:30.200
<v Speaker 1>which of course starred a great cast Chevy Chase, Beverly Dangelo,

0:56:30.680 --> 0:56:35.239
<v Speaker 1>Randy Quaid, among others. But there are at least a

0:56:35.280 --> 0:56:37.719
<v Speaker 1>couple of key scenes in this movie in which the

0:56:37.760 --> 0:56:42.000
<v Speaker 1>Griswold family drinks eggnog from glass goblets made in the

0:56:42.160 --> 0:56:46.480
<v Speaker 1>likeness of the Wally World moose. These are you can

0:56:46.520 --> 0:56:49.080
<v Speaker 1>actually buy these now, this is an actual product. But

0:56:49.239 --> 0:56:51.719
<v Speaker 1>in the movie they are these these little glass goblets

0:56:52.239 --> 0:56:56.400
<v Speaker 1>and they have big glass moose antlers on either side,

0:56:56.480 --> 0:56:59.440
<v Speaker 1>and there's a big droopy moose snout on the front.

0:57:00.040 --> 0:57:02.759
<v Speaker 1>Hold it by the ear and you sip your eggnog

0:57:02.800 --> 0:57:05.600
<v Speaker 1>that way, or you gulp it, as it happens to

0:57:05.600 --> 0:57:06.880
<v Speaker 1>be the case in some of the scenes.

0:57:07.480 --> 0:57:10.440
<v Speaker 2>I imagine the moose face has to be facing out

0:57:10.560 --> 0:57:13.600
<v Speaker 2>or else the snout would sort of prevent you from

0:57:13.760 --> 0:57:15.960
<v Speaker 2>from getting it to your lips. Yeah.

0:57:16.040 --> 0:57:17.720
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, you'd have to hold the glass in just the

0:57:17.800 --> 0:57:21.680
<v Speaker 1>right way. It's a ceremonial vessel. And I started looking

0:57:21.680 --> 0:57:23.320
<v Speaker 1>around as thinking, I don't know, I don't know if

0:57:23.320 --> 0:57:24.920
<v Speaker 1>there's going to be something in the ancient world that

0:57:24.960 --> 0:57:28.560
<v Speaker 1>matches up with this. But luckily, once more eighties holiday

0:57:28.560 --> 0:57:32.360
<v Speaker 1>movie prop design is in line with the manufacture of

0:57:32.480 --> 0:57:36.800
<v Speaker 1>artifacts in the ancient world. I would like to discuss

0:57:36.240 --> 0:57:41.760
<v Speaker 1>the ryton. This is generally spelled r hytn and it

0:57:41.800 --> 0:57:44.920
<v Speaker 1>is a style of head cup that appears in various

0:57:44.960 --> 0:57:49.439
<v Speaker 1>forms throughout the ancient world, according to Maha Abd el

0:57:49.520 --> 0:57:53.400
<v Speaker 1>Maghwud al Kadi in Forms and functions of rytons in

0:57:53.400 --> 0:57:58.000
<v Speaker 1>Ptotomaic Egypt. According to this author, they were likely Persian

0:57:58.040 --> 0:58:01.320
<v Speaker 1>in origin and were particularly pop they're during the Acaimenid

0:58:01.400 --> 0:58:04.840
<v Speaker 1>dynasty of five point fifty through three point thirty PCE.

0:58:05.600 --> 0:58:07.640
<v Speaker 1>You can look up images of the ryton and the

0:58:07.720 --> 0:58:10.560
<v Speaker 1>various versions of the ryton that appear in different times

0:58:10.560 --> 0:58:14.360
<v Speaker 1>and different cultures. One can roughly compare these to a

0:58:14.480 --> 0:58:17.880
<v Speaker 1>drinking horn like a you know, the hollowed horn of

0:58:18.280 --> 0:58:20.920
<v Speaker 1>a beast, But the design and function here is a

0:58:20.960 --> 0:58:24.080
<v Speaker 1>little more involved. So imagine a drinking horn in which

0:58:24.120 --> 0:58:26.720
<v Speaker 1>the slender part of the horn, the tapering part of

0:58:26.760 --> 0:58:30.760
<v Speaker 1>the horn, is in the likeness of an animal's head,

0:58:31.040 --> 0:58:33.720
<v Speaker 1>or in the like the front half of an animal.

0:58:34.920 --> 0:58:37.040
<v Speaker 1>And we don't have time in this episode to really

0:58:37.080 --> 0:58:39.840
<v Speaker 1>dig into the variation and the different cultural takes in

0:58:39.840 --> 0:58:43.120
<v Speaker 1>this episode. But again, this would have been a realistic

0:58:43.200 --> 0:58:46.760
<v Speaker 1>drinking vessel. This would not be something you would bust out,

0:58:47.080 --> 0:58:50.280
<v Speaker 1>I would imagine for your just everyday consumption. This would

0:58:50.280 --> 0:58:54.280
<v Speaker 1>be for ceremonial drinking. And there are essentially two types

0:58:54.320 --> 0:58:58.440
<v Speaker 1>of ryton. In one form, you drink from the slender

0:58:58.440 --> 0:59:02.400
<v Speaker 1>part of the ryton it above one's head or roughly

0:59:02.440 --> 0:59:04.760
<v Speaker 1>you know, above one's head, or at least parallel with

0:59:04.800 --> 0:59:09.080
<v Speaker 1>one's head, by either twin handles on the side, or

0:59:09.160 --> 0:59:12.400
<v Speaker 1>from some other kind of handle that's a fixed to

0:59:12.480 --> 0:59:15.720
<v Speaker 1>the object, or even from sort of the horn itself.

0:59:16.400 --> 0:59:19.000
<v Speaker 1>In other forms, one drinks from the wide portion of

0:59:19.040 --> 0:59:21.080
<v Speaker 1>the ryton, so the whole thing is more like a

0:59:21.080 --> 0:59:26.440
<v Speaker 1>traditional goblet, except many of these designs would require you know,

0:59:26.640 --> 0:59:29.880
<v Speaker 1>gripping by the horns or by the or the antlers

0:59:30.160 --> 0:59:31.720
<v Speaker 1>that are on it. If there are antlers on it

0:59:31.920 --> 0:59:33.960
<v Speaker 1>and you might not be able to set it down,

0:59:34.040 --> 0:59:36.040
<v Speaker 1>it might not have a bottom to it.

0:59:38.280 --> 0:59:41.960
<v Speaker 2>Wow, well that almost suggests a certain way to drink.

0:59:42.440 --> 0:59:45.240
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, and again this would be highly ritual. So it's

0:59:45.320 --> 0:59:48.360
<v Speaker 1>not about setting your drink aside and then doing other things.

0:59:48.360 --> 0:59:50.960
<v Speaker 1>You're not going to do any paperwork. This is probably

0:59:51.040 --> 0:59:53.200
<v Speaker 1>part of some ritual. I don't know. You can easily

0:59:53.200 --> 0:59:55.280
<v Speaker 1>imagine some sort of warrior's feast, et cetera.

0:59:55.840 --> 0:59:59.160
<v Speaker 2>Right, you can't drink it while you're podcasting. It's maybe

0:59:59.200 --> 1:00:02.560
<v Speaker 2>to drink while people stand around you chanting drink.

1:00:03.120 --> 1:00:07.480
<v Speaker 1>Right. So, there are various beautiful examples of the ryton,

1:00:07.600 --> 1:00:10.960
<v Speaker 1>but the one that really brought to my mind the

1:00:11.000 --> 1:00:15.000
<v Speaker 1>Wally World mug is the Stagshead Ryton, dating to four

1:00:15.080 --> 1:00:19.120
<v Speaker 1>hundred BCE. This is a silver artifact that actually made

1:00:19.120 --> 1:00:22.280
<v Speaker 1>headlines just last year due to its three point five

1:00:22.320 --> 1:00:26.240
<v Speaker 1>million dollar appraisal value and its presence among stolen antiquities

1:00:26.600 --> 1:00:30.440
<v Speaker 1>that were found in the possession of billionaire Michael Steinhardt.

1:00:30.880 --> 1:00:34.000
<v Speaker 1>You can look up articles on that again from just

1:00:34.080 --> 1:00:37.240
<v Speaker 1>last year. The item was apparently eluded from a museum

1:00:37.280 --> 1:00:40.400
<v Speaker 1>in Turkey originally, but I'm unsure exactly when the looting

1:00:40.400 --> 1:00:44.160
<v Speaker 1>occurred other than sometime during the twentieth century during a

1:00:44.200 --> 1:00:47.960
<v Speaker 1>time of unrest, which that only narrows it down so

1:00:48.080 --> 1:00:51.680
<v Speaker 1>much concerning the twentieth century, though, it does seem to

1:00:51.720 --> 1:00:54.600
<v Speaker 1>be of ancient Greek manufacture, somewhere in the region of

1:00:54.640 --> 1:00:58.760
<v Speaker 1>the Black Sea, probably from the fifth century BCE. And

1:00:58.920 --> 1:01:02.720
<v Speaker 1>with this one, you'd apparently drink from the stag's lower

1:01:02.760 --> 1:01:06.160
<v Speaker 1>lip while holding it aloft, though not by the antlers,

1:01:07.080 --> 1:01:09.840
<v Speaker 1>as is visible in many photos of this particular artifact.

1:01:09.880 --> 1:01:14.840
<v Speaker 1>There's this curved handle behind the neck. Oh, I see it. Yeah,

1:01:15.040 --> 1:01:19.439
<v Speaker 1>So the question remains, is the Wally World mug a ryton? No,

1:01:19.560 --> 1:01:23.600
<v Speaker 1>it's not. No, it's not. Yes, it's first of all,

1:01:23.640 --> 1:01:26.480
<v Speaker 1>it's not horn shaped. It also doesn't You don't drink

1:01:26.480 --> 1:01:29.760
<v Speaker 1>from the moose's lips, so that alone wouldn't disqualify it

1:01:29.800 --> 1:01:33.680
<v Speaker 1>from being a ryton, as we previously noted, though I've

1:01:33.720 --> 1:01:37.320
<v Speaker 1>included a picture for you, Joe, of a ryton that

1:01:37.840 --> 1:01:41.160
<v Speaker 1>would involve you drinking from the wide portion as opposed

1:01:41.400 --> 1:01:45.080
<v Speaker 1>to the beast lips. You can sort of see, so

1:01:45.160 --> 1:01:47.200
<v Speaker 1>this one would be very much a situation where you

1:01:47.240 --> 1:01:49.520
<v Speaker 1>have this kind of like I don't know, bronze or

1:01:49.560 --> 1:01:51.960
<v Speaker 1>golden chalice, and you wouldn't be able to set it

1:01:52.000 --> 1:01:55.320
<v Speaker 1>down because instead of having a flat surface, flat bottom

1:01:55.560 --> 1:01:58.200
<v Speaker 1>on the bottom of your goblet, there is like the

1:01:58.200 --> 1:02:01.760
<v Speaker 1>head of a ram down there. Yeah, so you'd have

1:02:01.800 --> 1:02:04.080
<v Speaker 1>to lay it on its side, I guess, in which

1:02:04.120 --> 1:02:06.600
<v Speaker 1>case you would either spill what you were drinking or

1:02:06.640 --> 1:02:08.120
<v Speaker 1>you would have to have consumed it all.

1:02:08.760 --> 1:02:11.640
<v Speaker 2>Once again, the medium is the message here. This is

1:02:11.720 --> 1:02:15.960
<v Speaker 2>technology that shows that by necessity, shows you a way

1:02:16.000 --> 1:02:16.480
<v Speaker 2>to use it.

1:02:16.920 --> 1:02:21.200
<v Speaker 1>Yeah. However, I will say the Wally World mug is

1:02:21.480 --> 1:02:24.040
<v Speaker 1>the likeness of a moosehead. It is the likeness of

1:02:24.080 --> 1:02:28.200
<v Speaker 1>an animal's head. It also is a ceremonial drinking vessel. Clearly,

1:02:28.280 --> 1:02:30.240
<v Speaker 1>the Grizwolds are not drinking out of these year round.

1:02:30.280 --> 1:02:34.120
<v Speaker 1>They're busting them out for the holidays. And just as

1:02:34.160 --> 1:02:36.680
<v Speaker 1>some of these artifacts such as the stag were decorated

1:02:36.720 --> 1:02:39.560
<v Speaker 1>with warrior images and images of battle, and we can

1:02:39.600 --> 1:02:42.560
<v Speaker 1>imagine the ceremonies they involve, probably aligned with some sort

1:02:42.600 --> 1:02:46.360
<v Speaker 1>of warrior ethos. We do see Clark Griswold drinking copious

1:02:46.360 --> 1:02:49.720
<v Speaker 1>amounts of nog while working cousin Eddie up for violence,

1:02:50.200 --> 1:02:53.080
<v Speaker 1>though curiously I had to go back. I was imagining this,

1:02:53.360 --> 1:02:57.920
<v Speaker 1>remembering this scene incorrectly, the scene where Clark Griswold is

1:02:58.040 --> 1:03:00.000
<v Speaker 1>throwing back a whole bunch of eggnog and talking about

1:03:00.120 --> 1:03:03.440
<v Speaker 1>how he wishes somebody would kidnap his boss. He's curiously

1:03:03.520 --> 1:03:07.640
<v Speaker 1>not drinking from one of the moose goblets in this scene.

1:03:07.920 --> 1:03:09.840
<v Speaker 1>Oh so, I don't know. I don't know what the

1:03:09.840 --> 1:03:11.800
<v Speaker 1>reason for that is. You'd think you'd want him drinking

1:03:11.800 --> 1:03:14.880
<v Speaker 1>out of the moose. Maybe it's just because it's harder

1:03:14.920 --> 1:03:17.120
<v Speaker 1>to hold. I don't know.

1:03:17.560 --> 1:03:19.760
<v Speaker 2>Maybe it's to show in a subtle way that Clark

1:03:19.840 --> 1:03:23.840
<v Speaker 2>is actually coldly calculating in the scene, and he's not

1:03:23.880 --> 1:03:25.880
<v Speaker 2>as drunk as it would suggest.

1:03:26.200 --> 1:03:30.000
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, that's a whole topic for another time, trying to

1:03:30.040 --> 1:03:33.360
<v Speaker 1>figure out Clark Griswold. How do we feel about Clark Griswold,

1:03:33.880 --> 1:03:37.640
<v Speaker 1>about his motivations and his desires in Christmas Vacation.

1:03:38.600 --> 1:03:45.840
<v Speaker 2>Clark is neutral evil cousin cousin Randy Quaid, I'd say

1:03:45.960 --> 1:03:47.400
<v Speaker 2>chaotic neutral.

1:03:47.440 --> 1:03:50.560
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, I think so. All right, So again, not really

1:03:50.640 --> 1:03:53.840
<v Speaker 1>a Ryton in Christmas Vacation. But I think we might

1:03:53.960 --> 1:03:57.640
<v Speaker 1>well imagine a scene from an alternate dimension in which

1:03:58.280 --> 1:04:01.600
<v Speaker 1>there's a scene in Christmas Vacation in which Clark Griswold

1:04:01.680 --> 1:04:06.320
<v Speaker 1>holds aloft the mighty Wally the moose right on this

1:04:06.560 --> 1:04:10.680
<v Speaker 1>big glass moose head, or perhaps it's silver in this scenario,

1:04:10.680 --> 1:04:13.520
<v Speaker 1>a big silver moose head. Perhaps you grip it by

1:04:13.960 --> 1:04:17.160
<v Speaker 1>the antlers, and he's allowing cousin Eddie to then drink

1:04:17.360 --> 1:04:20.680
<v Speaker 1>nourishing noog from the lips of the moose before he

1:04:20.760 --> 1:04:25.280
<v Speaker 1>sends him out into glorious battle against the enemies of Christmas.

1:04:25.480 --> 1:04:25.920
<v Speaker 2>Bravo.

1:04:26.840 --> 1:04:27.760
<v Speaker 1>All right, that's all I have.

1:04:30.960 --> 1:04:32.280
<v Speaker 2>God bless us everyone.

1:04:32.600 --> 1:04:36.160
<v Speaker 1>Yes, I will say also, I fortunately finished my eggnog

1:04:36.200 --> 1:04:39.760
<v Speaker 1>before we got to the draining of abscesses, So hopefully

1:04:39.840 --> 1:04:44.200
<v Speaker 1>that calibrates the podcast episode for anyone out there who's like, oh, well,

1:04:44.400 --> 1:04:46.800
<v Speaker 1>Rob's having an eggnog, I should have an eggnog for

1:04:46.840 --> 1:04:49.760
<v Speaker 1>this listening experience. I hope that you too, were finished

1:04:49.760 --> 1:04:51.400
<v Speaker 1>before the abscesses were drained.

1:04:52.080 --> 1:04:53.920
<v Speaker 2>Why are you saying that, Rob? Are you saying that?

1:04:54.040 --> 1:04:56.800
<v Speaker 2>Otherwise it would suggest the mental image that your glass

1:04:56.800 --> 1:04:59.800
<v Speaker 2>of creamy mixture is what's out coming out of.

1:04:59.720 --> 1:05:04.160
<v Speaker 1>The Yes, that it is a goblet of holiday pus,

1:05:05.960 --> 1:05:08.520
<v Speaker 1>which you might be drinking from the glass ahead of

1:05:08.520 --> 1:05:11.560
<v Speaker 1>a moose, which doesn't help, or from the lips of

1:05:11.600 --> 1:05:12.400
<v Speaker 1>a moose right on.

1:05:12.560 --> 1:05:14.680
<v Speaker 2>I guess Merry Christmas everybody.

1:05:15.400 --> 1:05:16.880
<v Speaker 1>All right, Yeah, we're going to go and close it

1:05:16.920 --> 1:05:18.520
<v Speaker 1>out here, but we'd love to hear from everyone out

1:05:18.560 --> 1:05:20.320
<v Speaker 1>there if you have. I mean a lot of people

1:05:20.360 --> 1:05:22.680
<v Speaker 1>out there are going to have some sort of holiday

1:05:22.680 --> 1:05:26.960
<v Speaker 1>tradition involving some manner of eggnog. We didn't really have

1:05:27.000 --> 1:05:29.040
<v Speaker 1>time to get into all the variations, but I know

1:05:29.080 --> 1:05:32.080
<v Speaker 1>there are some. I think I've had like a Puerto

1:05:32.160 --> 1:05:36.280
<v Speaker 1>Rican variation of eggnog before that was quite delightful. There's

1:05:36.320 --> 1:05:41.400
<v Speaker 1>so many different regional variations, family variations. Please write in.

1:05:41.480 --> 1:05:43.240
<v Speaker 1>We'd love to hear your take on all of this.

1:05:43.880 --> 1:05:46.360
<v Speaker 1>In the meantime, we'll remind you that Stuff to Blow

1:05:46.360 --> 1:05:49.280
<v Speaker 1>Your Mind is a science podcast with our core episodes

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<v Speaker 1>on Tuesdays and Thursdays. On Wednesdays we do a short

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<v Speaker 1>form artifact or monster fact. On Mondays we do a

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<v Speaker 1>listener mail episode, and on Fridays we set aside most

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<v Speaker 1>serious concerns and just talk about a weird film on

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<v Speaker 1>Weird House Cinema.

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<v Speaker 2>Huge thanks to our audio producer Max Williams. If you

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<v Speaker 2>would like to get in touch with us with feedback

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<v Speaker 2>on this episode or any other, to suggest a topic

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<v Speaker 2>for the future, or just to say hello, you can

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<v Speaker 2>email us at contact at stuff to Blow your Mind

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<v Speaker 2>dot com. Stuff to Blow Your Mind is production of iHeartRadio.

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<v Speaker 2>For more podcasts from my heart Radio, visit

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<v Speaker 1>The iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you're listening to

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<v Speaker 1>your favorite shows.