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Speaker 1: In nineteen seventy, South African jazz musician Hugh Masekela was

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Speaker 1: thinking about what he wanted to do next. Two years earlier,

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Speaker 1: he co founded a record company called Chisa Records. Then

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Speaker 1: he had a huge hit song in the US, the

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Speaker 1: Song of the Summer in sixty eight. It's called Graysin

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Speaker 1: in the Grass. His new ambitions were triggered by that

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Speaker 1: taste of success. Now both he and his Chiser Records

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Speaker 1: co founder want more, but not just for themselves, for

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Speaker 1: the people.

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Speaker 2: His co founder was Stuart Levine, who he met a

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Speaker 2: young Jewish kid saxophone player at Manhattan School of Music.

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Speaker 1: That's Hugh Masekela's son, Seleema Masekela. As he recalls it,

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Speaker 1: his father and Stuart.

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Speaker 2: Levine would end up becoming like the bestest of friends,

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Speaker 2: and they would end up moving to Los Angeles. And

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Speaker 2: Stu was a lot like my father was just never

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Speaker 2: about anything square, you know, like if it was square,

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Speaker 2: like why would we even be involved. So they wanted

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Speaker 2: to constantly be pushing and creating some shit that people

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Speaker 2: didn't know or experience.

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Speaker 1: The two iconoclasts took their musical mission seriously, and by

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Speaker 1: nineteen seventy one, Hugh Masekela wanted to explore new and

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Speaker 1: old musical territory. At the same time, he wanted to

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Speaker 1: combine the old jazz he'd learned in America with the

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Speaker 1: new afrobeat jazz he heard coming out of nations in Africa.

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Speaker 1: This impulse resulted in his album, Hugh Masekela and the

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Speaker 1: Union of South Africa. His braiding and blending of the

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Speaker 1: sounds he was after made his life feel worth living.

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Speaker 1: If he was exiled, if he couldn't go home to

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Speaker 1: South Africa due to apartheid era politics in his homeland,

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Speaker 1: well then he could find a new homeland in the

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Speaker 1: shared heritage of music. Masekela never gave in to bitterness

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Speaker 1: or anger. Instead, he remained.

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Speaker 2: Mildly curious and incredibly open to investigate everyone's not only

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Speaker 2: everyone's music, but everyone's culture and how they got there,

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Speaker 2: and what their experiences were in the manners in which

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Speaker 2: they might be catching hell at home.

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Speaker 1: That last phrase, that's where he truly found connection folks

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Speaker 1: who were also quote catching hell at home. It's the

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Speaker 1: same phrase Ali used in his road trip with Joe Frasier.

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Speaker 2: And so he identified the downtrodden or oppressed, and he

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Speaker 2: stood up for them. And if you were from a

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Speaker 2: place where people were catching how that meant that the

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Speaker 2: music was probably also really good.

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Speaker 1: This became his unofficial musical philosophy. Together, he and Stuart

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Speaker 1: Levine continued to explore. They continued to forge new musical

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Speaker 1: connections with artists in countries like Guinea, Nigeria, Ghana and

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Speaker 1: in the meantime, Hugh Masekela and Stuart Levine did what

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Speaker 1: they did best. They kept pushing at the frontiers, trying

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Speaker 1: to find new sounds as the sixties gave way to

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Speaker 1: the seventies. They didn't know it at the time, They

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Speaker 1: couldn't know it, but they were creating the artistic foundation

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Speaker 1: for an epic three day music festival to come, an

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Speaker 1: event that would be called Zaire seventy four. Welcome to Rumble,

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Speaker 1: Ali Foreman and the Soul of seventy four. I'm your host,

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Speaker 1: Zarn Burnett, the third from iHeart Podcast and School of Humans.

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Speaker 1: This is Rumble. Previously on Rumble.

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Speaker 3: We must stand up and say I'm black, but I'm black.

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Speaker 4: And beautiful, pretty sious.

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Speaker 5: This really tough guy comes from a deep poverty, from

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Speaker 5: the South. He's always a little insecurity, small for a heavyweight.

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Speaker 6: As much as we love Ali in retrospect, he was

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Speaker 6: as ugly and racial as he had to be to

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Speaker 6: get under their skin.

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Speaker 7: He can promote the fight without calling him a gorilla.

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Speaker 8: Where's Joe Fraser? Where's the White Folks? Champion?

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Speaker 1: March eighth, nineteen seventy one, Madison Square Guard the fight

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Speaker 1: of the century. It's the place to be for everyone

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Speaker 1: who is anyone in New York City. As the newspaper

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Speaker 1: The Alberton later reports, the.

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Speaker 9: Soul brothers and sisters, flamboyant and their minx and feathers

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Speaker 9: rubbed elbows with government chiefs, tycoons, sports heroes and astronauts.

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Speaker 9: Monday night at the spectacular heavyweight title fight between Joe

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Speaker 9: Frasier and Muhammad.

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Speaker 1: Ali, big stars turn up. The young and stylish roll

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Speaker 1: out to see and be seen. There's Frank Sinatra, Sammy Davis, Junior,

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Speaker 1: Miles Davis, Dianana Ross, Hugh Hefner, Barbara Streisian, Diane Keaton,

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Speaker 1: Ted Kennedy, the Apollo fourteen astronauts, the Italian actor Marcello

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Speaker 1: master Roiani, and also Colonel Harlan Sanders of Kentucky Fried

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Speaker 1: Chicken fame all together at Madison Square Garden. But also

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Speaker 1: there are surprises like Bob Dylan.

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Speaker 5: It was just a great reminder that this was bigger

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Speaker 5: than the super Bowl. It was bigger than a dozen

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Speaker 5: super Bowls. If Taylor Swift would have been there were

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Speaker 5: happening today, right.

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Speaker 1: Even the President is in on this fight.

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Speaker 5: Nixon's wapping it from the White House. This was the event,

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Speaker 5: not just the sporting event. It was the event of

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Speaker 5: the decade, really, and it was just a sign of

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Speaker 5: how the times were changing. To the civil rights movement

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Speaker 5: was over, and you see just this cultural shift where

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Speaker 5: people are living this successively. You know Grand Way and

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Speaker 5: dressing up like crazy for a boxing match, and that

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Speaker 5: was unheard of before.

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Speaker 1: Inside, it's an orgy of fabrics and colors, a riot

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Speaker 1: of style. One newspaper notes the fashions of a particular

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Speaker 1: DC woman quote resplendent in gold velvet hotpants and quilted

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Speaker 1: velvet coat, and also one Philadelphia woman who was quote

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Speaker 1: attired in a gut show outfit of pink crushed velvet.

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Speaker 9: It was obvious that this was more than a fistfight.

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Speaker 9: It was a happening an event long to be remembered

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Speaker 9: after other events have been forgotten.

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Speaker 4: Its social impact was seen everywhere.

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Speaker 1: Sportswriter Mark Kriegel was eight or nine years old at

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Speaker 1: the time.

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Speaker 6: I'm a little kid, and I remember, like, something extraordinary

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Speaker 6: is happening in the world of grown ups because I

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Speaker 6: live on Eighth Avenue. I lived like two blocks from

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Speaker 6: the garden, and I remember the Kleague lights up, and

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Speaker 6: I remember talking to kids in PS.

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Speaker 8: Thirty three.

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Speaker 6: Oh, but I remember something momentous was happening. I knew

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Speaker 6: that on one side were like the hippie kind of people,

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Speaker 6: and like the black panthers were on one side and

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Speaker 6: the hard hats were on the other side. That was

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Speaker 6: the only way I could sort of distinguish it culturally.

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Speaker 6: But I knew that it was immense.

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Speaker 1: It's a zenith moment in American culture. Also, it's a

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Speaker 1: morality play wherein the culture war can play out embodied

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Speaker 1: in two powerful black men, two undefeated champions, Ali versus Frasier.

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Speaker 1: To take us back to that moment in time, Ali's

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Speaker 1: biographer Jonathan Ig adds an important context.

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Speaker 5: It's also the seventies and we're into this age of

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Speaker 5: super hype.

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Speaker 1: What that means for boxing.

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Speaker 5: Is this is really when we start to see the

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Speaker 5: mythology of Ali taking hold. That he's not just a

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Speaker 5: great boxer, he's this cultural figure. And I think it's

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Speaker 5: because he's been gone for three and a half years.

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Speaker 5: This mythology has built up around him, because when he

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Speaker 5: left the ring, he was, you know, an artist. He

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Speaker 5: was you know, the Barishtakov of boxing. He was just

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Speaker 5: beautiful to behold. He seemed like he wasn't being touched

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Speaker 5: by his opponents in the ring. He was too fast

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Speaker 5: and too strong.

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Speaker 1: The mythology, Jonathan Ig references was the product of the

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Speaker 1: intelligencia of the day. Think writers like Norman Mahler and

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Speaker 1: George Plimpton. They'd pen essays in notable publications, and they

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Speaker 1: deeply consider the question of Muhammad Ali as the modern superman.

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Speaker 5: And these journalists now think of themselves as being you know,

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Speaker 5: literary giants, and Ali becomes.

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Speaker 7: One of their favorite characters.

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Speaker 5: So they have an interest too in puffing him up

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Speaker 5: and elevating his status, turning him into a godlike creature.

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Speaker 5: And meanwhile, Joe Fraser is just you know, just a fighter,

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Speaker 5: just a boxer.

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Speaker 1: Norman Mahler covers Ali and Fraser's Fight of the Century

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Speaker 1: for a cover story for Life Magazine. Being that it's Mailer,

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Speaker 1: he focuses on ego.

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Speaker 10: It is the great word of the twentieth century. If

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Speaker 10: there is a single word our century has added to

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Speaker 10: the potentiality of language, it is ego. Muhammad Ali begins

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Speaker 10: with the most unsettling ego of all. What kills us

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Speaker 10: about aka Cassius Clay is that the disagreement is inside us.

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Speaker 10: He is fascinating. The more we don't want to think

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Speaker 10: about him, the more we are obliged to. There's a

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Speaker 10: reason for it. He is America's greatest ego. He is also,

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Speaker 10: as I am going to try to show, the swiftest

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Speaker 10: embodiment of human intelligence we.

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Speaker 1: Have had yet.

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Speaker 10: He is the very spirit of the twentieth century.

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Speaker 1: Just as every story needs the conflict, so does a

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Speaker 1: story need a villain. Muhammad Ali instinctively understood this, and

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Speaker 1: so he makes Joe Frasier his. When Ali hypes their

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Speaker 1: upcoming super fight, he frames it as him the people's champ,

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Speaker 1: fighting against the man.

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Speaker 6: It's the way their stories resonate with the public that

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Speaker 6: determines who's rooting for and who's rooting against and what

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Speaker 6: type of meaning they've freighted themselves with.

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Speaker 8: So Ali got all the.

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Speaker 1: Cool people and Norman Mahler just kidding Norman. When the

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Speaker 1: two undefeated champions finally meet in the ring for their

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Speaker 1: fight of the century, the fight promoters expect one billion

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Speaker 1: people to watch the fight. At the time, there are

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Speaker 1: only three point seven billion people on the planet. Joe

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Speaker 1: Frasier is ready, Ali is ready, and the world is ready.

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Speaker 1: The fight is scheduled for fifteen rounds, and as expected,

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Speaker 1: the first few are punishing.

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Speaker 3: I sent a powerful message in the fourth round when

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Speaker 3: I nailed him on the jaw with the left and

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Speaker 3: saw by the look on his face that it shook it.

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Speaker 11: I kept out.

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Speaker 1: There over and over again. Their bodies take the beating.

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Speaker 3: But even as I pounded it, he was acting like

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Speaker 3: he was still in command, talking his stuff while blood

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Speaker 3: trickled from his nose. Don't you know I'm God, play,

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Speaker 3: yelled out after I landed a few good shots on him,

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Speaker 3: pinning him against the ropes. God, you in the wrong

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Speaker 3: place tonight.

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Speaker 1: Ultimately, the first few rounds are an even exchange of pam. Meanwhile,

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Speaker 1: Ali is starting to suffer from mortal doubts.

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Speaker 8: I never fought anyone with so much drive.

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Speaker 12: I have a new found respect for Joe sometimes his

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Speaker 12: time and his rhythm.

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Speaker 8: It's uncanny. He moves in, takes two and comes up.

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Speaker 1: Joe Frazier is relentless in his pursuit.

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Speaker 12: Even though I'm hitting him four blows to one. His

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Speaker 12: hooks get to me more and more.

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Speaker 8: I gotta do something about it. The six is coming up.

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Speaker 12: I know I'm ahead in points, but I already know

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Speaker 12: I'll need a miracle to hind it in six.

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Speaker 1: That miracle never arrives. The fight continues on well past

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Speaker 1: the sixth round. By Pops watched the fight with his friends,

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Speaker 1: and he remembered all the bets they'd made on the fight,

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Speaker 1: and how.

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Speaker 13: Seventh round came and went, and so that I don't care.

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Speaker 13: You know, he's gonna went on points, but Joe was

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Speaker 13: whipping him. Joe was really whipping them.

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Speaker 1: In the ninth round, Ali unleashes an absolute fury of punches.

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Speaker 1: At this point, both men are exhausted. It feels like

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Speaker 1: Ali is desperate to end the match, but Joe Fraser

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Speaker 1: takes it. He takes it all.

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Speaker 12: Ha something has gone out of me. I feel tired

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Speaker 12: and the fight is now half over. I know from

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Speaker 12: experience that if I hold on, I will grow stronger.

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Speaker 12: But the air and my lungs is hocked, my arms

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Speaker 12: are heavy. I look out of the crowd.

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Speaker 8: I think how the world is watching. I've got to

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Speaker 8: do what I said out will do.

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Speaker 1: But he is smoking, true to his name, smoking, Joe

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Speaker 1: Fraser doesn't take a backstep the whole fight. Fraser just

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Speaker 1: keeps coming at Ali. In the eleventh round, Joe Fraser's

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Speaker 1: patience finally pays off.

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Speaker 7: Ali finally opened up and jove software he was looking for.

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Speaker 3: I begin use of this head for better practice. Left

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Speaker 3: took left hook, lay back to the ropes and wait

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Speaker 3: for me to follow up.

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Speaker 11: Okay, Butterfly, you asked for it.

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Speaker 12: Frazier's bobbing, weaving more confident than ever. Suddenly he dips

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Speaker 12: under my right and comes up with the hardest hook

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Speaker 12: I ever taken in my life, and.

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Speaker 1: Boom, one of Joe's staggering left hooks finally connects.

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Speaker 11: I nailed him with another left that sent him riling

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Speaker 11: into the ropes.

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Speaker 1: It flung me back across the ring, but the ring

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Speaker 1: ropes catch him keep him upright. If all Lee fell

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Speaker 1: anywhere else he would have hit Candis.

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Speaker 8: I'm almost out on my feet.

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Speaker 3: He was really hurt and tried to find the ropes

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Speaker 3: to get his balance. I staggered him again with a

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Speaker 3: left cook and caught Hi whistle right up of cuts.

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Speaker 1: All these legs go rubbery, but he's saved when the

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Speaker 1: fight is now an endurance contest, Will against will, Might

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Speaker 1: against might, round after round, blow after a blow, competing

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Speaker 1: chance breakout in crowd one half chance.

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Speaker 8: Oi Oi Oi, Will.

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Speaker 1: The other half is chanting.

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Speaker 8: Knock him out.

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Speaker 1: Joe, knock him out.

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Speaker 8: Joe, knock him out.

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Speaker 1: Joe, there's one more round to go. In the fifteenth

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Speaker 1: and final round.

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Speaker 3: Fay came out ad vesciblit for that final round as

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Speaker 3: if he knew he needed a knockout to win.

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Speaker 1: But Joe Fraser keeps charging at her like a mad bull.

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Speaker 1: He keeps that pressure on.

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Speaker 3: As he steps toward me. I dip down and let

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Speaker 3: fly another left. Heaves my feet to throw a looping

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Speaker 3: shot that landed against the right side of his face.

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Speaker 1: He finally catches Ali unguarded. Joe Fraser hits Ali with

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Speaker 1: the full force of his anger.

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Speaker 8: It almost explodes against my head.

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Speaker 7: He feel so hard that he fell before anybody can

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Speaker 7: see him fall.

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Speaker 1: There's no ring ropes to catch him. This time. Ali

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Speaker 1: goes down, his back hits canvas, his feet.

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Speaker 3: Went up in the air and he was hit boom

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Speaker 3: and then it was missed. Him on his butt, his

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Speaker 3: legs kicking up into the air, the very picture of

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Speaker 3: a beaten man.

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Speaker 8: I don't remember going down, only being down.

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Speaker 11: Tell you the truth.

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Speaker 3: It was not a killer shot, but at landed right

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Speaker 3: on the foot on a very worn out man, and

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Speaker 3: the roar it set off was like from the belly

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Speaker 3: of a beast.

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Speaker 1: Ali's knocked down, but he's not knocked.

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Speaker 12: Out, looking up and hearing the count and knowing I

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Speaker 12: had no business being down.

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Speaker 1: All these springs back up before the RAF can count

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Speaker 1: eight the.

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Speaker 12: Rules from the crowded in my ear jong Jong Jong,

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Speaker 12: Joe Joe phrase.

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Speaker 1: But that was it, and Ali knows it. He's been defeated.

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Speaker 1: After the end of the fifteenth round, the judges and

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Speaker 1: the ring announcer make it official by your NaN's.

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Speaker 11: Decision, undisputed everywhere.

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Speaker 8: Heavin Joe Fraser that.

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Speaker 11: I raised my handsome victory, thank the Lord, and with

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Speaker 11: a bloody mouth told Clay, I kicked your ass.

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Speaker 1: There was no disputing that.

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Speaker 8: Joe has come over to my corner.

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Speaker 12: You put up a great fight, he says, his face

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Speaker 12: so swollen, I could hardly see his.

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Speaker 8: Eyes, but I know he's looking at me. You the champ,

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Speaker 8: I say. He seems to like that.

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Speaker 12: It's the first time as a pro that I have

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Speaker 12: to acknowledge another man standing over me.

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Speaker 1: Muhammad Ali is the loser for the first time ever.

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Speaker 1: The rest of the world is shocked by Ali once again,

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Speaker 1: but not my pops, though he was too pleased with

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Speaker 1: himself and his man smoking Joe Frasier.

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Speaker 7: I was hard to deal with.

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Speaker 13: On the way home, I kept explaining, I can explain

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Speaker 13: how it happened.

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Speaker 1: Meanwhile, as Jonathan I wrote in his biography of Ali,

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Speaker 1: quote in the White House, President Nixon rejoiced cheering the

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Speaker 1: defeat of that draft dodger asshole Joe Frasier had done it.

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Speaker 1: He was the undisputed heavyweight champion of the world.

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Speaker 11: Hear that undisputed champion.

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Speaker 3: I was twenty seven years old, and that would never

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Speaker 3: be another night like that in my life.

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Speaker 1: After the fight of the century is over and won,

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Speaker 1: Ali's cornerman Bundini. Brown takes his fighter to the hospital

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Speaker 1: to check his jaw. Ali's treated and released. Meanwhile, when

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Speaker 1: Joe Fraser walks out of the ring, he weighs a

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Speaker 1: full ten pounds less than he weighed when he started

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Speaker 1: the fight, and the next day Joe Fraser is in

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Speaker 1: the hospital too.

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Speaker 13: He took everything Ali had. They put each other in

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Speaker 13: the hospital. I think Ali should have quit after.

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Speaker 1: That fight, Ali argues, Fraser's hospital trip is all the

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Speaker 1: proof anyone needs that he won their fight. The people

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00:18:16,400 --> 00:18:19,879
Speaker 1: seem to agree with Ali. Without a decisive ko, it

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00:18:19,960 --> 00:18:23,480
Speaker 1: doesn't really feel like Ali lost. In an interview with

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Speaker 1: Playboy magazine, Howard Cosell comments on the strange never enough

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Speaker 1: status of Joe Fraser. He says, quote, I feel sorry

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Speaker 1: for Joe Fraser.

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Speaker 14: He's the heavyweight champion of the world, but a lot

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Speaker 14: of people don't accept him as that, and quite understandably,

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Speaker 14: it's killing him inside. He fought Ali as hard as

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Speaker 14: he could and beat him, and yet nobody really accepts him,

333
00:18:47,320 --> 00:18:48,919
Speaker 14: and so he's grown to hate Ali.

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Speaker 1: The Philadelphia Daily News considers the question from a different angle,

335
00:18:54,359 --> 00:19:02,200
Speaker 1: with the headline quote, is Joe white Man's champ now?

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00:19:02,600 --> 00:19:06,720
Speaker 1: That was not the conversation. Down at the barbershops. To

337
00:19:06,840 --> 00:19:09,640
Speaker 1: check on that, I asked my pops about what he

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00:19:09,720 --> 00:19:13,160
Speaker 1: remembered of Joe Frasier and Ali's rivalry being him. He

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00:19:13,240 --> 00:19:17,119
Speaker 1: made a novel comparison. My pops compared Ali's hype to

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00:19:17,200 --> 00:19:21,919
Speaker 1: this racial dynamic that OJ Simpson benefited from. Now, for

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00:19:22,040 --> 00:19:24,760
Speaker 1: some listeners, I warn you my father uses a language

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00:19:24,760 --> 00:19:27,520
Speaker 1: that can be deemed offensive to the ear, but does

343
00:19:27,560 --> 00:19:31,000
Speaker 1: so in order to explain how Ali's racist taunts were

344
00:19:31,040 --> 00:19:35,480
Speaker 1: similar to OJ Simpson's murder trial verdict. Here's how he

345
00:19:35,520 --> 00:19:36,399
Speaker 1: put it to a friend.

346
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Speaker 13: He said, I'm watching it on TV. I'm at a bar,

347
00:19:39,480 --> 00:19:42,440
Speaker 13: and the verdict just came on and all the black

348
00:19:42,480 --> 00:19:46,400
Speaker 13: people in here jumped up and started cheering. We said,

349
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Speaker 13: what I winded cheering that I mean? I said, well,

350
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Speaker 13: it's a very simple concept. It's called the nack one.

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00:19:53,280 --> 00:19:54,600
Speaker 13: He said what I said.

352
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Speaker 8: One.

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Speaker 7: Black people don't have to know what the contest was

354
00:19:57,680 --> 00:19:59,040
Speaker 7: the one, know, did they?

355
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Speaker 13: When that's all they're so used to seeing black people

356
00:20:03,800 --> 00:20:07,040
Speaker 13: being cheated out of their position, being given a fucked

357
00:20:07,119 --> 00:20:10,960
Speaker 13: up decision by a judge that if a black person wins,

358
00:20:11,200 --> 00:20:15,119
Speaker 13: it's a satisfaction that's unrelated to the issue at hand.

359
00:20:15,400 --> 00:20:16,800
Speaker 13: But this is one more time where we're going to

360
00:20:16,880 --> 00:20:19,000
Speaker 13: catch a short in. Whether we did it or not

361
00:20:19,080 --> 00:20:22,479
Speaker 13: didn't matter before, so now it can't matter now. So

362
00:20:23,040 --> 00:20:23,440
Speaker 13: we won.

363
00:20:26,880 --> 00:20:30,679
Speaker 1: Olie knew Black America would celebrate his wins if he

364
00:20:30,720 --> 00:20:34,160
Speaker 1: made sure that he was always undeniably the black one

365
00:20:34,400 --> 00:20:38,120
Speaker 1: in the fight. Jonathan I concurs that olie knew how

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Speaker 1: to navigate racial narratives in a way no one else could.

367
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Speaker 1: He just had an instinct for it.

368
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Speaker 5: It's so complicated as things tend to get with Ali.

369
00:20:47,840 --> 00:20:50,959
Speaker 5: You know, he's basically a black separatist, and he's not

370
00:20:51,000 --> 00:20:53,800
Speaker 5: interested integrated, and he calls white people the devil, and

371
00:20:53,880 --> 00:20:57,119
Speaker 5: yet he loves having all white fans, he loves entertaining

372
00:20:57,160 --> 00:21:01,159
Speaker 5: the and even like plague into stereotypes with white people.

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Speaker 5: You know, he's got this gag where he goes up

374
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Speaker 5: to people and pretends he's outraged and he says, did

375
00:21:06,080 --> 00:21:07,160
Speaker 5: you just call me the N word?

376
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Speaker 6: Like?

377
00:21:08,000 --> 00:21:09,960
Speaker 5: And he pretends like he's outraged and he's gonna beat

378
00:21:10,000 --> 00:21:12,320
Speaker 5: somebody up for this, and he's just totally making it

379
00:21:12,400 --> 00:21:14,040
Speaker 5: up to just get a rise and get some laughs

380
00:21:14,040 --> 00:21:16,520
Speaker 5: out of it, Like, how do you wrap your head

381
00:21:16,520 --> 00:21:16,919
Speaker 5: around that?

382
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Speaker 1: But somehow he still walks the color line.

383
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Speaker 5: He's also the symbol of black pride, right Like you

384
00:21:22,600 --> 00:21:25,400
Speaker 5: could argue that the black power movement takes its you know.

385
00:21:25,440 --> 00:21:29,080
Speaker 1: Fifth for Ali, and he's this absolute.

386
00:21:28,720 --> 00:21:33,000
Speaker 5: Pivotal symbol of black pride, black dignity, inspiring them, as says,

387
00:21:33,040 --> 00:21:36,200
Speaker 5: And he's yucking it up with Jerry Lewis and Liberachi

388
00:21:36,400 --> 00:21:40,639
Speaker 5: and playing into stereotypes about black people all the time.

389
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Speaker 5: How nobody else could do that and get away with it?

390
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Speaker 1: And that's how, thanks to Ali, a man as black

391
00:21:48,400 --> 00:21:51,879
Speaker 1: as Joe Frasier ends up being called the white man's champ,

392
00:21:52,200 --> 00:21:56,959
Speaker 1: which defies all logic. Joe Frasier is inarguably one of

393
00:21:57,000 --> 00:22:01,000
Speaker 1: the blackest people on the planet in nineteen seventy, yet

394
00:22:01,040 --> 00:22:05,719
Speaker 1: Ali's narrative has this undeniable energy. As Norman Mahler pointed

395
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Speaker 1: out earlier, Ali's story and more to the point, his

396
00:22:09,080 --> 00:22:13,040
Speaker 1: ego is irresistible to the press, and this ego is

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Speaker 1: the reason why even after he loses the Fight of

398
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Speaker 1: the Century, Ali still argues that.

399
00:22:20,040 --> 00:22:23,600
Speaker 12: Joel Fraser can't go anywhere without running into black militants.

400
00:22:24,160 --> 00:22:27,320
Speaker 12: Angela Davis supporters black Muslims.

401
00:22:27,359 --> 00:22:28,439
Speaker 8: All of them are for me.

402
00:22:29,400 --> 00:22:33,000
Speaker 12: Joe Fraser represents all that is wrong with white America.

403
00:22:33,960 --> 00:22:38,240
Speaker 12: I represent everyone wanting a new system. Joel Fraser can't

404
00:22:38,280 --> 00:22:42,400
Speaker 12: go anywhere without people telling him you didn't whip them.

405
00:22:42,800 --> 00:22:45,600
Speaker 12: He'll never be the champion until he beats me twice.

406
00:22:46,480 --> 00:22:51,560
Speaker 1: Ali also knows the press will reliably turn that into

407
00:22:51,800 --> 00:22:57,679
Speaker 1: the story. Three months after Joe Fraser defeated him in

408
00:22:57,720 --> 00:23:01,080
Speaker 1: the ring, Muhammad Ali wins a far different fight. He

409
00:23:01,240 --> 00:23:04,840
Speaker 1: escapes from the overhanging threat of federal prison in the

410
00:23:04,880 --> 00:23:08,520
Speaker 1: summer of seventy one. On June twenty eighth, the Supreme

411
00:23:08,720 --> 00:23:13,000
Speaker 1: Court rules that Muhammad Ali is not guilty of the

412
00:23:13,160 --> 00:23:20,560
Speaker 1: charge of draft evasion. The Court's decision is unanimous. Ali

413
00:23:20,720 --> 00:23:24,280
Speaker 1: is once again free to fight in the boxing ring

414
00:23:24,400 --> 00:23:29,399
Speaker 1: whenever and wherever, against whomever he wants. The People's Champ

415
00:23:29,480 --> 00:23:33,399
Speaker 1: moves quickly to schedule a rematch against his most hated rival.

416
00:23:33,920 --> 00:23:38,560
Speaker 1: Their next bout is billed as Super Fight two. However,

417
00:23:38,920 --> 00:23:41,800
Speaker 1: before Ali can step into the ring to face Joe

418
00:23:41,880 --> 00:23:45,639
Speaker 1: Fraser and win back his title, a new contender steps

419
00:23:45,720 --> 00:23:48,520
Speaker 1: onto the scene. George the Giant.

420
00:23:50,760 --> 00:23:52,600
Speaker 7: When I shook hands with Jeorge Former.

421
00:23:53,320 --> 00:23:54,720
Speaker 1: His hand just.

422
00:23:54,800 --> 00:23:59,080
Speaker 13: Kind of just enveloped my whole wrist almost not said

423
00:23:59,880 --> 00:24:01,080
Speaker 13: he hit Ali with.

424
00:24:01,240 --> 00:24:04,480
Speaker 7: Any part of his body, He'll kill it.

425
00:24:05,200 --> 00:24:06,640
Speaker 11: He would kill this man.

426
00:24:07,280 --> 00:24:10,399
Speaker 5: George Foreman was a great fighter, you know, and he

427
00:24:10,560 --> 00:24:10,760
Speaker 5: was a.

428
00:24:10,960 --> 00:24:15,200
Speaker 15: Big Foreman is a guy who he didn't have much

429
00:24:15,280 --> 00:24:17,720
Speaker 15: going for him, but he had boxing, and he had

430
00:24:17,720 --> 00:24:20,120
Speaker 15: his strength, and he had his determination.

431
00:24:20,960 --> 00:24:26,199
Speaker 16: George Foreman did not have the intellect, the foresight, or

432
00:24:26,359 --> 00:24:31,200
Speaker 16: even the wisdom and the education that Ali had.

433
00:24:31,720 --> 00:24:34,560
Speaker 2: George Foreman was very serious and quiet, you know, and

434
00:24:34,600 --> 00:24:37,879
Speaker 2: I also think he was maybe incredibly confident. He was

435
00:24:37,880 --> 00:24:40,639
Speaker 2: gonna talk with his gloves and you know, not with

436
00:24:40,720 --> 00:24:41,200
Speaker 2: his mouth.

437
00:24:41,880 --> 00:24:43,680
Speaker 1: I didn't ever get close to Foreman.

438
00:24:44,000 --> 00:24:44,680
Speaker 7: Nobody did.

439
00:24:44,760 --> 00:24:47,239
Speaker 6: Really, you don't just become a fighter. I don't care

440
00:24:47,280 --> 00:24:51,360
Speaker 6: what anyone says. Somewhere in your story there's some profound abuse.

441
00:24:51,600 --> 00:24:52,600
Speaker 6: There's something in there.

442
00:24:54,320 --> 00:24:58,000
Speaker 1: In nineteen ninety five, George Foreman published his autobiography with

443
00:24:58,080 --> 00:25:02,160
Speaker 1: the very on brand title by George. In the book

444
00:25:02,200 --> 00:25:06,160
Speaker 1: of his life, Foreman recalled his childhood poverty. As author

445
00:25:06,280 --> 00:25:08,520
Speaker 1: Lewis Ehrenberg explains.

446
00:25:08,200 --> 00:25:11,800
Speaker 15: He grew up in the Bloody Fifth Ward, very poor.

447
00:25:12,680 --> 00:25:16,760
Speaker 15: His mother had to work two jobs to support her

448
00:25:16,960 --> 00:25:17,840
Speaker 15: large family.

449
00:25:18,920 --> 00:25:22,679
Speaker 1: Born in Marshall, Texas, George Foreman was the fourth child

450
00:25:22,720 --> 00:25:27,080
Speaker 1: of Nancy and J. D. Foreman. George was an enormous baby,

451
00:25:27,240 --> 00:25:31,440
Speaker 1: ten pounds. Even as an infant, he exhibited insane strength.

452
00:25:31,680 --> 00:25:34,679
Speaker 1: His aunt remembered how he'd crawl around in yanke children

453
00:25:34,720 --> 00:25:38,960
Speaker 1: down to his level on the floor. Unfortunately for young George,

454
00:25:39,200 --> 00:25:42,760
Speaker 1: his parents split up before he was school aged. That

455
00:25:42,840 --> 00:25:46,320
Speaker 1: left his single mother alone to care for the seven kids.

456
00:25:46,760 --> 00:25:51,600
Speaker 1: She struggled mightily. Here's one striking image from his memory.

457
00:25:51,800 --> 00:25:54,880
Speaker 1: On Friday nights, after working two jobs, his mother.

458
00:25:54,840 --> 00:25:57,960
Speaker 17: Would bring home a single hamburger and break it into

459
00:25:58,000 --> 00:26:04,880
Speaker 17: eight pieces. Got a taste, I remember thinking, boy, that's

460
00:26:05,000 --> 00:26:06,280
Speaker 17: rich Man's fool.

461
00:26:08,119 --> 00:26:08,840
Speaker 8: A hamburger.

462
00:26:09,680 --> 00:26:13,159
Speaker 1: His siblings liked to regularly tease him that he was

463
00:26:13,280 --> 00:26:13,920
Speaker 1: a bastard.

464
00:26:14,560 --> 00:26:18,480
Speaker 17: Sometimes they say you're not really are brother, And though

465
00:26:18,520 --> 00:26:22,320
Speaker 17: I never considered the words anything other than a mean joke,

466
00:26:22,840 --> 00:26:26,480
Speaker 17: I hated that tease most of all. I am to

467
00:26:26,720 --> 00:26:30,000
Speaker 17: your brother, I'd say, trying to beat on them as punishment,

468
00:26:30,760 --> 00:26:32,359
Speaker 17: I am your brother.

469
00:26:33,440 --> 00:26:37,560
Speaker 1: On the daily, Foreman dealt with shame and embarrassment at

470
00:26:37,600 --> 00:26:41,119
Speaker 1: his school. His nickname was Shoe Booty. You see, his

471
00:26:41,160 --> 00:26:44,400
Speaker 1: family was so poor he wore mismatched handy down shoes,

472
00:26:44,520 --> 00:26:46,760
Speaker 1: a shoe on one foot and a boot on the other.

473
00:26:47,280 --> 00:26:52,919
Speaker 1: There was one constant in his childhood fighting First. Foreman

474
00:26:53,040 --> 00:26:55,880
Speaker 1: learned to fight his older siblings, any of them, all

475
00:26:55,960 --> 00:26:57,040
Speaker 1: of them at once.

476
00:26:57,200 --> 00:27:01,840
Speaker 17: From the time I was six, possibly even before I

477
00:27:01,960 --> 00:27:03,800
Speaker 17: wanted to fight anyone.

478
00:27:03,880 --> 00:27:07,840
Speaker 1: By age nine, George Foreman was regularly getting into fights

479
00:27:07,880 --> 00:27:11,440
Speaker 1: at school. His mother tried to discipline her boy, and

480
00:27:11,680 --> 00:27:14,840
Speaker 1: by her own admission, his mother quote whipped him almost

481
00:27:14,880 --> 00:27:18,320
Speaker 1: every other day. But adding more violence to his life

482
00:27:18,440 --> 00:27:23,000
Speaker 1: did no good. Somehow, everyone ignored the obvious fact that

483
00:27:23,080 --> 00:27:26,199
Speaker 1: George Foreman was a sensitive child. His violence was his

484
00:27:26,320 --> 00:27:30,720
Speaker 1: response to a cruel world. Meanwhile, like Joe Frasier, it

485
00:27:30,720 --> 00:27:33,960
Speaker 1: didn't take long for George Foreman to figure out school

486
00:27:34,080 --> 00:27:38,240
Speaker 1: wasn't for him. Soon he replaced education with day drinking.

487
00:27:38,600 --> 00:27:40,960
Speaker 1: A junior high dropout quick to anger.

488
00:27:40,840 --> 00:27:47,040
Speaker 15: He gets involved in dreek crime, gang activity, smoking dope,

489
00:27:47,160 --> 00:27:52,600
Speaker 15: drinking in public, robbing people, beating up people, getting in fights.

490
00:27:53,480 --> 00:27:57,280
Speaker 15: I mean, he is not on a path toward glory.

491
00:27:57,480 --> 00:27:58,440
Speaker 15: Let's put it that way.

492
00:28:00,600 --> 00:28:03,760
Speaker 1: At age fifteen, George Foreman stood six feet tall and

493
00:28:03,800 --> 00:28:06,639
Speaker 1: weighed one hundred and eighty five pounds, and at this

494
00:28:06,760 --> 00:28:10,920
Speaker 1: point his interests are cheap rock, gut wine, smoking pot

495
00:28:10,920 --> 00:28:15,000
Speaker 1: with his friends, and swallowing pills. Most days he pretended

496
00:28:15,000 --> 00:28:17,560
Speaker 1: to leave home headed for school, but since he'd dropped out,

497
00:28:17,560 --> 00:28:20,520
Speaker 1: he'd go get drunk. At night. He'd get in fights.

498
00:28:20,880 --> 00:28:22,680
Speaker 1: As George Foreman once put it.

499
00:28:22,960 --> 00:28:24,160
Speaker 11: I was my own game.

500
00:28:24,760 --> 00:28:27,800
Speaker 1: As a childhood friend recalled quote, I've seen him do

501
00:28:27,920 --> 00:28:29,520
Speaker 1: is pull a knife on him, say I'm gonna cut

502
00:28:29,560 --> 00:28:31,720
Speaker 1: your throat. He'd just take it away from them. I

503
00:28:31,920 --> 00:28:34,040
Speaker 1: never saw him use a knife. He didn't even have to.

504
00:28:34,320 --> 00:28:39,320
Speaker 1: His fist was bad enough. Despite the odds stacked high

505
00:28:39,360 --> 00:28:42,320
Speaker 1: against him, George Foreman decided he wasn't gonna stay in

506
00:28:42,360 --> 00:28:45,280
Speaker 1: the bloody fifth ward. His moment of choice came to

507
00:28:45,360 --> 00:28:52,600
Speaker 1: him like a jarring epiphany. Imagine young George Foreman running

508
00:28:52,640 --> 00:28:55,840
Speaker 1: from the cops after a street mugging went sideways.

509
00:28:56,320 --> 00:29:00,480
Speaker 15: He is hiding out from the police, lying on underneath

510
00:29:00,480 --> 00:29:06,280
Speaker 15: a shotgun shack in one of the poorest black communities,

511
00:29:07,040 --> 00:29:09,880
Speaker 15: and if he had been caught, he would have gone

512
00:29:09,920 --> 00:29:11,880
Speaker 15: to jail, perhaps for a long time.

513
00:29:12,520 --> 00:29:16,280
Speaker 1: Lying silent in the dirt and mud, praying to God

514
00:29:16,360 --> 00:29:19,640
Speaker 1: the police and their dogs didn't find him. George is

515
00:29:19,760 --> 00:29:21,120
Speaker 1: struck by the thought.

516
00:29:21,160 --> 00:29:26,080
Speaker 15: His mother had a really hard life, was institutionalized for depression,

517
00:29:26,200 --> 00:29:28,760
Speaker 15: and he feels he wants to give something back to her.

518
00:29:29,200 --> 00:29:33,520
Speaker 1: The other thing that saved George Foreman a government program.

519
00:29:33,800 --> 00:29:37,320
Speaker 15: At the same time, he sees an ad for the

520
00:29:37,480 --> 00:29:38,360
Speaker 15: Job Corps.

521
00:29:38,800 --> 00:29:41,960
Speaker 1: He's sixteen, killing time in a pool hall midday when

522
00:29:42,000 --> 00:29:45,240
Speaker 1: he sees two of his heroes on the flickering TV screen.

523
00:29:45,680 --> 00:29:48,840
Speaker 17: Jim Brown and Johnny Unitis were talking about how you

524
00:29:48,840 --> 00:29:52,120
Speaker 17: could get a new start, and I went crazy. They

525
00:29:52,160 --> 00:29:53,680
Speaker 17: were both big heroes.

526
00:29:53,320 --> 00:29:56,920
Speaker 1: In my life. The two football icons were urging young

527
00:29:56,960 --> 00:29:59,680
Speaker 1: men to sign up for the Job Corps, where they

528
00:29:59,680 --> 00:30:05,440
Speaker 1: would receive skills training, practice self discipline, and receive moral guidance.

529
00:30:05,840 --> 00:30:08,240
Speaker 1: It was a place where disadvantage Jews could learn the

530
00:30:08,280 --> 00:30:11,840
Speaker 1: skill sets they'd require to begin to make something of themselves.

531
00:30:12,240 --> 00:30:15,640
Speaker 1: Foreman knew the Job Corps was his last best chance

532
00:30:15,720 --> 00:30:16,920
Speaker 1: to save his own life.

533
00:30:17,360 --> 00:30:20,720
Speaker 15: At first, he goes to Oregon and he's in like

534
00:30:20,760 --> 00:30:22,040
Speaker 15: an idyllic setting.

535
00:30:22,520 --> 00:30:25,520
Speaker 17: Only in movies and picture books had I seen such

536
00:30:26,000 --> 00:30:29,640
Speaker 17: such beautiful places, and never did I anticipate that I

537
00:30:29,640 --> 00:30:34,640
Speaker 17: would actually find myself in one green hills, winding streams,

538
00:30:34,680 --> 00:30:35,640
Speaker 17: in oh.

539
00:30:35,640 --> 00:30:36,800
Speaker 11: That fresh sweet air.

540
00:30:37,720 --> 00:30:42,360
Speaker 17: This was the place of my heroes and fantasies, and

541
00:30:42,480 --> 00:30:43,480
Speaker 17: where I now live.

542
00:30:44,560 --> 00:30:48,640
Speaker 1: Foreman experienced how those fictional stories could be made real,

543
00:30:49,080 --> 00:30:52,080
Speaker 1: how that could be his story, and he fell in

544
00:30:52,320 --> 00:30:56,600
Speaker 1: love with his new life. True to the TV ads

545
00:30:56,640 --> 00:30:59,719
Speaker 1: out there in the west, Foreman learned a couple trades,

546
00:31:00,080 --> 00:31:04,160
Speaker 1: bricklaying and carpentry. He also earned his ged his high

547
00:31:04,160 --> 00:31:09,280
Speaker 1: school equivalency diploma. Foreman was functionally illiterate when he quit

548
00:31:09,360 --> 00:31:12,920
Speaker 1: junior high, but in the Job Corps he learned to read.

549
00:31:13,480 --> 00:31:18,200
Speaker 1: This program vastly expands his horizons. Yet he still had

550
00:31:18,480 --> 00:31:21,680
Speaker 1: all that anger stored up inside. He was still hot

551
00:31:21,720 --> 00:31:26,000
Speaker 1: tempered and still quick to fight, and he was still gargantuan.

552
00:31:26,360 --> 00:31:28,880
Speaker 15: He doesn't know how to get along with other folks,

553
00:31:29,000 --> 00:31:32,960
Speaker 15: and basically he does what he did at home. He

554
00:31:33,160 --> 00:31:37,040
Speaker 15: attempts to make himself the king of the jungle by

555
00:31:37,080 --> 00:31:41,280
Speaker 15: beating up other people and establishing his dominance, and he

556
00:31:41,320 --> 00:31:43,360
Speaker 15: nearly gets kicked out of the job Corps.

557
00:31:43,480 --> 00:31:45,800
Speaker 1: However, luckily for Foreman.

558
00:31:45,640 --> 00:31:49,280
Speaker 15: He makes some friends who say, you know, if you

559
00:31:49,600 --> 00:31:52,400
Speaker 15: like to fight so much, why don't you become a boxer,

560
00:31:53,200 --> 00:31:57,320
Speaker 15: and this gets him interested in the boxing program.

561
00:31:57,480 --> 00:32:01,120
Speaker 1: Foreman graduates from the Job Corps. He stays involved in

562
00:32:01,160 --> 00:32:04,520
Speaker 1: the federal program by becoming a counselor. He's sent down

563
00:32:04,520 --> 00:32:09,480
Speaker 1: to Pleasanton, California, near Oakland, where the boxing program is located.

564
00:32:09,800 --> 00:32:12,080
Speaker 1: It's there where Foreman meets a man who will be

565
00:32:12,200 --> 00:32:14,400
Speaker 1: integral to his new life path.

566
00:32:14,680 --> 00:32:18,120
Speaker 15: The coach Doc brought Us, who essentially acts as a

567
00:32:18,160 --> 00:32:19,800
Speaker 15: second father to him.

568
00:32:20,120 --> 00:32:24,280
Speaker 1: Nick Doc Brotus was a Job Corps vocational director and

569
00:32:24,360 --> 00:32:26,880
Speaker 1: the man who introduces Foreman to boxing.

570
00:32:29,600 --> 00:32:32,440
Speaker 15: Tries to keep him on the straight and narrow and

571
00:32:32,560 --> 00:32:37,040
Speaker 15: also teach him boxing skills, of boxing, discipline, and a

572
00:32:37,080 --> 00:32:38,840
Speaker 15: certain moral sensibility.

573
00:32:39,960 --> 00:32:44,240
Speaker 1: In December of nineteen sixty six, Foreman laces up boxing

574
00:32:44,280 --> 00:32:47,560
Speaker 1: gloves for the first time. He steps into the boxing

575
00:32:47,640 --> 00:32:51,760
Speaker 1: ring with a much smaller veteran boxer who soundly beats it.

576
00:32:52,320 --> 00:32:54,880
Speaker 1: For the young man, who believes he's king of the jungle,

577
00:32:55,240 --> 00:32:59,600
Speaker 1: a one man gang, this public defeat is humiliating.

578
00:33:01,720 --> 00:33:06,600
Speaker 15: He realizes that he can be beaten by a discipline fighter,

579
00:33:06,680 --> 00:33:08,840
Speaker 15: by even of a lesser weight.

580
00:33:09,200 --> 00:33:12,640
Speaker 1: Foreman doesn't return to the boxing gym for days. He

581
00:33:12,720 --> 00:33:15,560
Speaker 1: licks his wounds and nurses his pride, but he doesn't

582
00:33:15,600 --> 00:33:20,080
Speaker 1: stay away long. Doc Brotus is happy to welcome him back. Eventually,

583
00:33:20,200 --> 00:33:24,479
Speaker 1: Doc sets up Foreman's first amateur fight, and George Foreman

584
00:33:25,080 --> 00:33:31,040
Speaker 1: never shows again. Doc Brotus welcomes him back into the gym.

585
00:33:31,160 --> 00:33:35,120
Speaker 1: Doc gets George back training regularly, and he gets him

586
00:33:35,160 --> 00:33:39,880
Speaker 1: to believe he can become a real pro boxer. George

587
00:33:39,880 --> 00:33:45,120
Speaker 1: Foreman's first amateur fight last just one round because Foreman

588
00:33:45,440 --> 00:33:50,400
Speaker 1: easily knocks out the other boxer. This gets him to

589
00:33:50,440 --> 00:33:53,680
Speaker 1: train more seriously. He begins to build an amateur career,

590
00:33:53,720 --> 00:33:55,840
Speaker 1: which points him towards the Olympics.

591
00:33:56,800 --> 00:34:00,560
Speaker 15: Nineteen sixty eight is a real flash point in sports

592
00:34:00,680 --> 00:34:06,040
Speaker 15: history because of the attempted boycott of the sixty eight

593
00:34:06,200 --> 00:34:22,600
Speaker 15: Olympics in Mexico City.

594
00:34:15,640 --> 00:34:26,880
Speaker 1: Singer, songwriter and activist Miriam Micaybo had become world famous

595
00:34:26,920 --> 00:34:30,440
Speaker 1: thanks to Harry Belafonte, the Caribbean born singer who first

596
00:34:30,440 --> 00:34:33,279
Speaker 1: convinced her to come to the US and uplifted her

597
00:34:33,360 --> 00:34:37,040
Speaker 1: incredible talent. In the early to mid sixties, Harry Belafonte's

598
00:34:37,080 --> 00:34:40,200
Speaker 1: word was gold as my pop remembers.

599
00:34:40,160 --> 00:34:44,120
Speaker 13: Which trusted Harry Belafonte completely, you know, and he was

600
00:34:44,160 --> 00:34:45,399
Speaker 13: basically sponsoring her.

601
00:34:45,880 --> 00:34:48,920
Speaker 1: As a result, she became a big star in America,

602
00:34:49,120 --> 00:34:51,920
Speaker 1: which meant in nineteen sixty seven when Mickaba released her

603
00:34:52,000 --> 00:34:54,960
Speaker 1: new hit song Pata Pata as part of an album

604
00:34:55,000 --> 00:34:58,520
Speaker 1: of the same name. The song became a huge global

605
00:34:58,600 --> 00:34:59,400
Speaker 1: success for her.

606
00:35:01,040 --> 00:35:08,520
Speaker 16: Panta Mata is dance, we do know Johanna's rug way,

607
00:35:08,520 --> 00:35:14,360
Speaker 16: and everybody stunts to move as soon as Panada stops.

608
00:35:19,120 --> 00:35:22,520
Speaker 1: Miriam was given the loving nickname Mama Africa by her

609
00:35:22,560 --> 00:35:26,080
Speaker 1: fans for good reason. Her love shone out from her

610
00:35:26,239 --> 00:35:30,320
Speaker 1: like a mother's love. Her voice soothed like a mother's voice.

611
00:35:30,640 --> 00:35:33,360
Speaker 1: Even her confidence was like that of a mother to

612
00:35:33,480 --> 00:35:37,080
Speaker 1: her African family, the one she was exiled from by

613
00:35:37,080 --> 00:35:40,720
Speaker 1: her own homeland. But like a wise mother, she knew

614
00:35:40,760 --> 00:35:44,600
Speaker 1: she couldn't give in to self pitying bitterness. Instead, she

615
00:35:44,760 --> 00:35:47,640
Speaker 1: called in joy. You can hear it in her songs.

616
00:35:47,760 --> 00:35:48,680
Speaker 1: In her voice.

617
00:35:48,880 --> 00:35:53,000
Speaker 13: She wouldn't sing it against anybody, singing for all the

618
00:35:53,040 --> 00:35:56,239
Speaker 13: Africans who had been spread around the world and had

619
00:35:56,239 --> 00:35:59,400
Speaker 13: been separated from themselves, said she was saying.

620
00:35:59,320 --> 00:36:02,040
Speaker 7: We know where you are. We haven't lost track of you,

621
00:36:02,440 --> 00:36:05,600
Speaker 7: and we all hi together on this earth.

622
00:36:05,880 --> 00:36:08,600
Speaker 13: No matter how this shit happened, here we are and

623
00:36:08,680 --> 00:36:12,479
Speaker 13: you felt more connected to Africa with her than anybody else.

624
00:36:13,160 --> 00:36:17,360
Speaker 1: The title Pata Pata translates as touch, touch, and the

625
00:36:17,440 --> 00:36:21,400
Speaker 1: song is named after a traditional dance between lovers. For Miriam,

626
00:36:21,680 --> 00:36:25,160
Speaker 1: the song kindled feelings of reconnection to the homeland. She

627
00:36:25,239 --> 00:36:29,239
Speaker 1: expressed a feeling that many other dispossessed people shared. For

628
00:36:29,440 --> 00:36:33,920
Speaker 1: Black Americans, her song aroused longings for a homeland they

629
00:36:33,960 --> 00:36:35,600
Speaker 1: didn't know they were missing.

630
00:36:36,000 --> 00:36:38,959
Speaker 13: She was beautiful, She could sing, but you could feel

631
00:36:38,960 --> 00:36:41,640
Speaker 13: her emotion even though you didn't know a single word

632
00:36:41,680 --> 00:36:42,240
Speaker 13: in the song.

633
00:36:42,520 --> 00:36:45,279
Speaker 7: The emotion carried the meaning and that's the way her

634
00:36:45,320 --> 00:36:45,800
Speaker 7: shit was.

635
00:36:46,440 --> 00:36:49,880
Speaker 1: My pop still remembers Mary mckeebay's appearances on The Ed

636
00:36:50,000 --> 00:36:51,040
Speaker 1: Sullivan Show.

637
00:36:51,320 --> 00:36:53,040
Speaker 13: And seeing they had black people on TV all the

638
00:36:53,040 --> 00:36:55,760
Speaker 13: time in the six days that wasn't it was unusual.

639
00:36:56,160 --> 00:36:59,000
Speaker 13: So on Sunday night when Ned Sulltheran came on, if

640
00:36:59,040 --> 00:37:02,120
Speaker 13: there was anybody blas on that show, everybody in the

641
00:37:02,160 --> 00:37:04,160
Speaker 13: family had to come in the living room, sit on the.

642
00:37:04,120 --> 00:37:05,560
Speaker 7: Floor and watch it.

643
00:37:05,680 --> 00:37:09,680
Speaker 13: Sammy Davis Junior, Duke Ellington Pearl Bailey. I don't give

644
00:37:09,719 --> 00:37:11,840
Speaker 13: him up who it was if they were black on TV.

645
00:37:11,920 --> 00:37:14,360
Speaker 13: He had to come watch it. Mary mckiba, come on,

646
00:37:14,440 --> 00:37:15,200
Speaker 13: get jazz in.

647
00:37:15,200 --> 00:37:20,600
Speaker 1: His But then after she recorded the album Pata Pata,

648
00:37:20,719 --> 00:37:23,680
Speaker 1: Mary Micaba had a falling out with her creative partner,

649
00:37:23,760 --> 00:37:28,120
Speaker 1: Harry Belafonte, and things changed. For one, she fell in

650
00:37:28,120 --> 00:37:32,360
Speaker 1: love with another freedom fighter, the militant Stokely Carmichael. He

651
00:37:32,520 --> 00:37:36,560
Speaker 1: was the former spokesperson for the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee

652
00:37:36,800 --> 00:37:40,080
Speaker 1: turned black Panther. He was the guy who first coined

653
00:37:40,120 --> 00:37:43,279
Speaker 1: the term black power, and in March of sixty eight,

654
00:37:43,680 --> 00:37:47,759
Speaker 1: mckiba married him. Naturally, Carmichael was considered a threat by

655
00:37:47,760 --> 00:37:52,080
Speaker 1: the FBI. He lived under constant surveillance, so when mckiba

656
00:37:52,200 --> 00:37:55,280
Speaker 1: married him, she also became a threat to the FBI.

657
00:37:55,880 --> 00:37:59,080
Speaker 1: And she also had a profound influence on her radical

658
00:37:59,200 --> 00:38:02,840
Speaker 1: husband and Harriet Bellefonte's autobiography.

659
00:38:02,160 --> 00:38:03,600
Speaker 7: He described it quite well.

660
00:38:04,040 --> 00:38:07,160
Speaker 13: He said, Stokely would have been walking around wearing blue

661
00:38:07,239 --> 00:38:08,920
Speaker 13: jeans and bib overhauls.

662
00:38:09,520 --> 00:38:10,840
Speaker 7: He married me and mckeeba.

663
00:38:11,239 --> 00:38:13,719
Speaker 13: Next time I saw him, he had on a suck

664
00:38:13,800 --> 00:38:18,360
Speaker 13: broqute top, sook britches and an ivory handlet, walking cane,

665
00:38:18,480 --> 00:38:19,880
Speaker 13: and had developed an accent.

666
00:38:21,200 --> 00:38:25,480
Speaker 1: There was another change after their marriage. Kiba lost a

667
00:38:25,680 --> 00:38:29,759
Speaker 1: large portion of her fan base, particularly the white moderates,

668
00:38:30,080 --> 00:38:33,000
Speaker 1: much like a Lei experienced when he resisted the draft,

669
00:38:33,239 --> 00:38:37,200
Speaker 1: but for a very different reason. Mikiba's new husband openly

670
00:38:37,239 --> 00:38:40,880
Speaker 1: called for violence against the white power structure, which white

671
00:38:40,880 --> 00:38:45,520
Speaker 1: moderates personalized as violence aimed not at systems and at institutions,

672
00:38:45,560 --> 00:38:49,200
Speaker 1: but at them. Not to mention, Stokely, Carmichael, who later

673
00:38:49,360 --> 00:38:53,080
Speaker 1: changed his name to Quame Terrey, was introducing Miriam Mackaba

674
00:38:53,160 --> 00:38:56,759
Speaker 1: to a whole host of other black militants, while she

675
00:38:57,160 --> 00:39:01,720
Speaker 1: was introducing him to heads of state like African liberation leaders,

676
00:39:02,320 --> 00:39:06,960
Speaker 1: and the couple also regularly met with communist leaders in Africa.

677
00:39:07,560 --> 00:39:10,880
Speaker 1: That's how this pair of black radicals became an enemy

678
00:39:10,920 --> 00:39:16,360
Speaker 1: of both the FBI and the CIA. The newlyweds were followed,

679
00:39:16,480 --> 00:39:20,200
Speaker 1: snooped on by field agents, and eves dropped via hidden microphones.

680
00:39:20,400 --> 00:39:24,359
Speaker 1: Miriam Micaba's FBI file, which is available online, is two

681
00:39:24,600 --> 00:39:28,800
Speaker 1: hundred and ninety two pages long. The document details how

682
00:39:29,000 --> 00:39:32,480
Speaker 1: the people close to her who she trusted, were secretly

683
00:39:32,520 --> 00:39:38,520
Speaker 1: betraying her as FBI informants. Miriam Micaba was spied on everywhere, anywhere,

684
00:39:38,560 --> 00:39:42,160
Speaker 1: she spoke, everywhere, she played music. This was the spirit

685
00:39:42,239 --> 00:39:45,480
Speaker 1: of the times in sixty eight. There was this general

686
00:39:45,600 --> 00:39:50,600
Speaker 1: paranoia and race based anxiety, terrifying so many in America,

687
00:39:51,200 --> 00:40:00,000
Speaker 1: while at the same time it was uniting so many others.

688
00:40:01,440 --> 00:40:05,120
Speaker 1: Mlka's assassination in April of sixty eight sparks a summer

689
00:40:05,160 --> 00:40:08,919
Speaker 1: of protests and uprisings in cities all across the nation,

690
00:40:09,560 --> 00:40:12,800
Speaker 1: and that is the cultural backdrop for that year's Summer Olympics.

691
00:40:13,080 --> 00:40:15,919
Speaker 1: As author Lewis Ehrenberg explains.

692
00:40:15,600 --> 00:40:19,200
Speaker 15: Nineteen sixty eight is a real flash point in sports

693
00:40:19,280 --> 00:40:24,120
Speaker 15: history because of the attempted boycott of the Olympics in

694
00:40:24,200 --> 00:40:28,359
Speaker 15: Mexico City, leading the charge as Harry Edwards, a sociology

695
00:40:28,480 --> 00:40:31,040
Speaker 15: professor at San Jose State.

696
00:40:31,480 --> 00:40:35,399
Speaker 1: Edwards believed that as segregation was ending, black students could

697
00:40:35,480 --> 00:40:40,120
Speaker 1: now enjoy new opportunities, yet they were still being mistreated

698
00:40:40,120 --> 00:40:42,799
Speaker 1: and exploited by their colleges and universities.

699
00:40:42,920 --> 00:40:46,759
Speaker 15: African American athletes were brought onto campus, but they weren't

700
00:40:46,760 --> 00:40:49,960
Speaker 15: given any kind of equality. They were there to serve

701
00:40:50,000 --> 00:40:54,120
Speaker 15: the track program or the university's image. But you know,

702
00:40:54,320 --> 00:40:59,120
Speaker 15: the coaches frowned upon interracial dating. It was difficult for

703
00:40:59,239 --> 00:41:00,680
Speaker 15: the athletes to get housing.

704
00:41:01,200 --> 00:41:04,360
Speaker 1: Even as the star athletes one glory for their schools,

705
00:41:04,520 --> 00:41:08,680
Speaker 1: they were treated like second class citizens. However, these young

706
00:41:08,760 --> 00:41:11,840
Speaker 1: black athletes have a new hero, a champion who's shown

707
00:41:11,880 --> 00:41:15,880
Speaker 1: them how to fight against prejudice. His name Mohammad Ali.

708
00:41:16,239 --> 00:41:20,200
Speaker 1: Inspired by their fellow olympian, the young black track stars

709
00:41:20,200 --> 00:41:24,320
Speaker 1: announced plans to boycott the sixty eight Games. The resulting

710
00:41:24,440 --> 00:41:28,600
Speaker 1: international embarrassment would become a clear and urgent demand for

711
00:41:28,760 --> 00:41:29,840
Speaker 1: change in the US.

712
00:41:30,400 --> 00:41:34,160
Speaker 15: The athletes claim that it's important to think not of

713
00:41:34,200 --> 00:41:39,520
Speaker 15: their athletic success, but of the political implications of supporting

714
00:41:39,800 --> 00:41:44,200
Speaker 15: racial policies of the US government and the Vietnam War

715
00:41:44,480 --> 00:41:48,120
Speaker 15: and the stripping of Ali's title because of his opposition

716
00:41:48,280 --> 00:41:51,280
Speaker 15: to Vietnam. So there's a number of things that come together,

717
00:41:51,520 --> 00:41:55,680
Speaker 15: and it's a very difficult issue boycotting the Olympics.

718
00:41:55,960 --> 00:41:59,320
Speaker 1: And when word gets back to Muhammad Ali, the people's

719
00:41:59,400 --> 00:42:00,879
Speaker 1: champ tells the press.

720
00:42:00,640 --> 00:42:03,960
Speaker 15: He supports the attempt to boycott the Olympics.

721
00:42:04,480 --> 00:42:08,760
Speaker 1: Their hero has their back. Publicly, this matters a great

722
00:42:08,880 --> 00:42:12,520
Speaker 1: deal to the Olympic athletes. Because don't forget, they're young,

723
00:42:13,000 --> 00:42:16,680
Speaker 1: and they're doing this on the world stage now for

724
00:42:16,719 --> 00:42:20,120
Speaker 1: the People's champ Ale gets to see how his brave

725
00:42:20,239 --> 00:42:24,240
Speaker 1: stance against the draft has deeply inspired the next generation.

726
00:42:25,040 --> 00:42:28,800
Speaker 1: Save for one notable exception, George Foreman.

727
00:42:29,120 --> 00:42:32,640
Speaker 15: The problem is that it comes every four years, and

728
00:42:32,719 --> 00:42:36,920
Speaker 15: if amateur athletes don't get in the year they're eligible

729
00:42:37,280 --> 00:42:39,440
Speaker 15: four years later, they're too old.

730
00:42:39,920 --> 00:42:42,840
Speaker 1: Keep in mind, Foreman is in his prime. He can't,

731
00:42:42,920 --> 00:42:46,359
Speaker 1: or rather he won't, dream of giving up everything he's

732
00:42:46,360 --> 00:42:49,200
Speaker 1: worked for or give up his goal of making his

733
00:42:49,360 --> 00:42:50,160
Speaker 1: mother proud.

734
00:42:51,880 --> 00:42:54,880
Speaker 15: For a guy like Foreman, this is his big opportunity.

735
00:42:55,080 --> 00:42:59,160
Speaker 15: He didn't turn pro He's gonna fight in Mexico City,

736
00:42:59,280 --> 00:43:03,560
Speaker 15: and the idea boycotting just doesn't make any sense to him.

737
00:43:03,920 --> 00:43:07,600
Speaker 1: Foreman gets approached about boycotting the Olympics, but he thinks

738
00:43:07,600 --> 00:43:09,919
Speaker 1: the planned protest is kind of tone deaf.

739
00:43:10,239 --> 00:43:16,200
Speaker 15: George Foreman, who is not a college student, feels that

740
00:43:16,320 --> 00:43:20,040
Speaker 15: the boycotters, when they come and speak to the prospective

741
00:43:20,080 --> 00:43:24,719
Speaker 15: Olympic athletes, really are you know, middle class who have

742
00:43:24,840 --> 00:43:28,120
Speaker 15: no understanding of what poor blacks are going through, which

743
00:43:28,120 --> 00:43:31,480
Speaker 15: I think is an exaggeration. But Foreman makes that case

744
00:43:31,520 --> 00:43:32,720
Speaker 15: in his autobiography.

745
00:43:33,320 --> 00:43:37,200
Speaker 1: What he misunderstands is how the proposed sixty eight Olympics

746
00:43:37,200 --> 00:43:40,359
Speaker 1: boycott would become an acid test for the future of

747
00:43:40,400 --> 00:43:43,040
Speaker 1: Black America. It raises the question.

748
00:43:43,200 --> 00:43:47,799
Speaker 15: Should black athletes support their conscience? Should they support the

749
00:43:48,280 --> 00:43:52,400
Speaker 15: policies of US government? What is their role? It raises

750
00:43:52,520 --> 00:43:58,080
Speaker 15: questions about sports as a not just a sandbox for

751
00:43:58,239 --> 00:44:02,920
Speaker 15: you know, entertainment for sports fans, but there's something serious

752
00:44:02,960 --> 00:44:07,000
Speaker 15: going on in politics. And this draws on Ali's example

753
00:44:07,040 --> 00:44:07,600
Speaker 15: as well.

754
00:44:08,080 --> 00:44:11,320
Speaker 1: The intended boycott doesn't go off as planned, but athletes

755
00:44:11,360 --> 00:44:14,000
Speaker 1: still support the cause and find workarounds.

756
00:44:14,480 --> 00:44:18,360
Speaker 15: It's decided that since they can't boycott the Olympics as such,

757
00:44:18,880 --> 00:44:23,279
Speaker 15: what each person would find, especially his own way to

758
00:44:23,800 --> 00:44:29,920
Speaker 15: protest the racism of the American government of the sporting establishment.

759
00:44:29,760 --> 00:44:33,400
Speaker 1: Most notably the track stars John Carlos and Tommy Smith.

760
00:44:37,920 --> 00:44:42,080
Speaker 15: After the two twenty meter race run by Tommy Smith,

761
00:44:42,200 --> 00:44:44,200
Speaker 15: third was John Carlos.

762
00:44:44,560 --> 00:44:47,840
Speaker 1: As the young Black Olympians stand on the Winders podium

763
00:44:47,880 --> 00:44:50,840
Speaker 1: to receive their medals, instead of waving to the crowd,

764
00:44:51,280 --> 00:44:54,920
Speaker 1: they solemnly bow their heads and they raise their fists.

765
00:44:55,320 --> 00:45:00,160
Speaker 1: On each fist is a black glove, the black power salute.

766
00:45:00,239 --> 00:45:04,560
Speaker 1: It's a powerful, silent protest. The winners show their defiance

767
00:45:04,880 --> 00:45:09,840
Speaker 1: and solidarity in combination with white Australian Olympian Peter Norman's

768
00:45:09,840 --> 00:45:12,520
Speaker 1: display of a human rights pin. The three of them,

769
00:45:12,640 --> 00:45:16,320
Speaker 1: black and white athletes alike stand together on the world

770
00:45:16,320 --> 00:45:20,360
Speaker 1: stage beneath that pair of raised black fists.

771
00:45:20,960 --> 00:45:25,399
Speaker 15: They're in their socks, they have their heads bowed, and

772
00:45:25,480 --> 00:45:30,000
Speaker 15: they're quiet and respectful, but they're stating their point of view.

773
00:45:30,480 --> 00:45:33,799
Speaker 1: Tommy Smith describes the scene on the Olympic pedestal as

774
00:45:33,880 --> 00:45:35,840
Speaker 1: quote an arch of unity.

775
00:45:39,719 --> 00:45:43,239
Speaker 15: Well, this just sets off a firestorm and they get

776
00:45:43,440 --> 00:45:48,280
Speaker 15: kicked out of the Olympic village. Their careers are essentially ruined.

777
00:45:48,920 --> 00:45:50,560
Speaker 15: So where does Foreman come in?

778
00:45:52,920 --> 00:45:56,680
Speaker 1: Like Joe Frazier, Foreman is aware America is far from perfect,

779
00:45:56,920 --> 00:45:59,640
Speaker 1: but he believes the USA is still the best country

780
00:45:59,640 --> 00:46:03,120
Speaker 1: in the world. He's proud to call himself an American.

781
00:46:03,800 --> 00:46:07,920
Speaker 17: This was nineteen sixty eight, the height of the Cold War.

782
00:46:08,920 --> 00:46:12,680
Speaker 17: All the terrible images of the Soviet athletes flooded my mind.

783
00:46:13,480 --> 00:46:18,440
Speaker 17: Robots exercising and hip deep snow, guys with nuclear fists.

784
00:46:19,280 --> 00:46:22,920
Speaker 17: To beat them, you needed to be James Bond in

785
00:46:22,960 --> 00:46:27,280
Speaker 17: a magic briefcase like From Russia with Love Plus.

786
00:46:27,400 --> 00:46:31,280
Speaker 1: His trainer Dick Sadler, strategically keeps Foreman away from any

787
00:46:31,320 --> 00:46:34,200
Speaker 1: and all of the political talk in order to keep

788
00:46:34,239 --> 00:46:37,560
Speaker 1: his fighter focused on his time in the ring. Looking back,

789
00:46:38,120 --> 00:46:41,640
Speaker 1: Foreman later recalled with regret how at the time he

790
00:46:41,719 --> 00:46:44,440
Speaker 1: was unaware of the gravity of the protest and the

791
00:46:44,480 --> 00:46:47,560
Speaker 1: state violence. He was in his own bubble.

792
00:46:47,760 --> 00:46:50,440
Speaker 17: Back at the village. That night, someone said that he

793
00:46:50,640 --> 00:46:53,680
Speaker 17: talked to John Carlos. John says for you to just

794
00:46:53,760 --> 00:46:56,160
Speaker 17: go out there and do your thing. He told me

795
00:46:57,000 --> 00:46:59,880
Speaker 17: you go ahead and win the gold. Is that what

796
00:47:00,040 --> 00:47:03,040
Speaker 17: he said? I asked, Yeah, he doesn't want you to quit.

797
00:47:03,080 --> 00:47:06,000
Speaker 17: He's pulling for you. You have to go out there

798
00:47:06,800 --> 00:47:10,520
Speaker 17: a little older and wiser. Now, I think it's highly

799
00:47:10,600 --> 00:47:14,120
Speaker 17: doubtful that John Carlos actually passed along this message.

800
00:47:15,480 --> 00:47:17,719
Speaker 1: So what does Foreman do?

801
00:47:18,640 --> 00:47:19,600
Speaker 15: He went on fighting.

802
00:47:22,480 --> 00:47:25,000
Speaker 1: George Foreman steps into the ring in the sixty eight

803
00:47:25,040 --> 00:47:29,680
Speaker 1: Olympic Games and he dominates, just like he always does.

804
00:47:30,360 --> 00:47:32,919
Speaker 15: In the middle of all this turmoil, he knocks out

805
00:47:33,520 --> 00:47:35,400
Speaker 15: three Russian fighters.

806
00:47:38,200 --> 00:47:44,200
Speaker 1: Then Foreman's big moment arrives his final gold winning victory.

807
00:47:45,560 --> 00:47:48,280
Speaker 17: Before going to the ring, I filled my robe pocket

808
00:47:48,320 --> 00:47:50,360
Speaker 17: with some beads a girlfriend had given me in a

809
00:47:50,440 --> 00:47:53,319
Speaker 17: small American flag one of the assistant US coaches had

810
00:47:53,320 --> 00:47:54,200
Speaker 17: given me for luck.

811
00:47:55,000 --> 00:47:58,000
Speaker 1: He stands there on the world stage. All that he

812
00:47:58,040 --> 00:48:01,480
Speaker 1: has gone through flashes through his mind and he uses

813
00:48:01,560 --> 00:48:02,320
Speaker 1: his platform.

814
00:48:03,160 --> 00:48:07,319
Speaker 15: Foreman whips out a flags tiny American flag, kisses it

815
00:48:07,400 --> 00:48:10,279
Speaker 15: and waves it in the ring, and then waves it

816
00:48:10,320 --> 00:48:14,480
Speaker 15: on the middle stand as well. And this is perceived

817
00:48:14,520 --> 00:48:19,680
Speaker 15: as a direct attack on Carlos and Smith and a

818
00:48:19,840 --> 00:48:26,160
Speaker 15: patriotic display by a good Negro as opposed to these bad, dangerous,

819
00:48:26,400 --> 00:48:30,040
Speaker 15: almost fascistic with the glove fist black athletes.

820
00:48:30,760 --> 00:48:34,120
Speaker 13: And George won and got the flag and waving around.

821
00:48:34,360 --> 00:48:37,960
Speaker 13: I think people got confused. George is an American citizen.

822
00:48:38,719 --> 00:48:41,880
Speaker 13: He just won the Olympics for the United States, and

823
00:48:41,960 --> 00:48:42,760
Speaker 13: he was excited.

824
00:48:43,520 --> 00:48:46,800
Speaker 17: I meant the waving to say, this is an American

825
00:48:46,840 --> 00:48:49,680
Speaker 17: who won this medal. I meant it in a way

826
00:48:49,760 --> 00:48:54,600
Speaker 17: that was much bigger than ordinary patriotism. It was about identity.

827
00:48:55,480 --> 00:48:58,200
Speaker 13: What flag was he supposed to wave? You know, like

828
00:48:58,280 --> 00:49:00,239
Speaker 13: he was basically saying, no, this is our country too.

829
00:49:00,280 --> 00:49:02,799
Speaker 13: So I want to remind you of why we protesting. Yeah,

830
00:49:02,840 --> 00:49:05,200
Speaker 13: so that didn't bother me at all. I respected it.

831
00:49:06,080 --> 00:49:09,440
Speaker 13: An American, That's who I was. I was waving the

832
00:49:09,440 --> 00:49:12,480
Speaker 13: flag as much for myself as for my country. I

833
00:49:12,600 --> 00:49:14,920
Speaker 13: was letting everyone know who I was and at the

834
00:49:14,960 --> 00:49:18,240
Speaker 13: same time saying that I was proud to be an American.

835
00:49:19,080 --> 00:49:23,320
Speaker 15: Foreman was grateful to America for what they had done

836
00:49:23,400 --> 00:49:27,160
Speaker 15: for him and presumably for black men in general.

837
00:49:29,280 --> 00:49:33,120
Speaker 1: But what other folks see is a black man supporting

838
00:49:33,160 --> 00:49:37,440
Speaker 1: the Vietnam War and its racialized violence. They see Foreman

839
00:49:37,719 --> 00:49:42,720
Speaker 1: counter protesting the brave black track athletes taking a righteous stand,

840
00:49:43,120 --> 00:49:46,239
Speaker 1: and the contrast could not have been more stark. His

841
00:49:46,719 --> 00:49:52,880
Speaker 1: tiny USA flag is unforgettable, and for some it's unforgivable.

842
00:49:52,760 --> 00:49:57,400
Speaker 15: That flag waving becomes like a symbolic gesture, which is

843
00:49:57,600 --> 00:50:02,200
Speaker 15: as important, I think as the gloved fist, because for

844
00:50:02,400 --> 00:50:07,440
Speaker 15: middle class whites, they're tired of the complaining, the protests,

845
00:50:07,600 --> 00:50:12,440
Speaker 15: the riots, the notion that America is a failed society.

846
00:50:13,080 --> 00:50:15,960
Speaker 1: Whether he intended it or not, George Foreman has picked

847
00:50:15,960 --> 00:50:17,560
Speaker 1: a side in the culture wars.

848
00:50:18,400 --> 00:50:21,680
Speaker 15: He expects to come back with a gold medal, to

849
00:50:21,719 --> 00:50:26,120
Speaker 15: be honored by his community and American general and that

850
00:50:26,200 --> 00:50:26,920
Speaker 15: doesn't happen.

851
00:50:27,520 --> 00:50:31,680
Speaker 1: Remember, George Foreman is sensitive, prone to embarrassment and shame.

852
00:50:32,239 --> 00:50:35,560
Speaker 1: Now he's the Olympic heavyweight Champion of the world, but

853
00:50:35,800 --> 00:50:39,120
Speaker 1: just like that, he's shoe booty all over again.

854
00:50:39,840 --> 00:50:43,200
Speaker 15: When Foreman comes back from the Olympics, he visits his

855
00:50:43,320 --> 00:50:48,160
Speaker 15: old haunts in Houston, and his old running buddies are upset.

856
00:50:48,360 --> 00:50:51,520
Speaker 15: Younger people in the black community treat him as a trader.

857
00:50:52,080 --> 00:50:55,560
Speaker 15: This controversy continues into the nineteen seventies.

858
00:50:56,320 --> 00:50:58,800
Speaker 1: So when Foreman makes his way back home he's a

859
00:50:58,840 --> 00:51:03,200
Speaker 1: folk hero. He only a hero for anxious white moderates

860
00:51:03,200 --> 00:51:07,040
Speaker 1: and conservative black churchgoers, the folks that Nixon likes to

861
00:51:07,040 --> 00:51:11,160
Speaker 1: call his silent majority. In fact, when Foreman gets back

862
00:51:11,200 --> 00:51:14,480
Speaker 1: to Houston in the summer of sixty eight, Richard Nixon's

863
00:51:14,560 --> 00:51:17,480
Speaker 1: running for president of the United States. He even approaches

864
00:51:17,560 --> 00:51:22,600
Speaker 1: Foreman for his public support. Instead, Foreman decides to become

865
00:51:22,640 --> 00:51:27,200
Speaker 1: a supporter of Nixon's opponent, Hubert Humphrey, who's lbj's VP

866
00:51:27,719 --> 00:51:31,040
Speaker 1: and is partially responsible for the job Court initiative that

867
00:51:31,120 --> 00:51:34,680
Speaker 1: changed Foreman's life path. So soon enough.

868
00:51:34,600 --> 00:51:38,000
Speaker 15: He's on the stage with him in various places. He's

869
00:51:38,000 --> 00:51:41,240
Speaker 15: wearing the gold medal. He's waving the flag.

870
00:51:41,840 --> 00:51:45,880
Speaker 1: And with that, Foreman's fate is sealed. His story is written,

871
00:51:46,280 --> 00:51:51,040
Speaker 1: or so it would appear. Back to Fight writer Mark Kriegel, to.

872
00:51:50,960 --> 00:51:53,920
Speaker 6: Me, there are two kinds of fighters, fighters with a

873
00:51:54,000 --> 00:51:57,719
Speaker 6: story and fighters without a story. The fighters who have

874
00:51:57,760 --> 00:52:01,680
Speaker 6: a story you're invested in, and that, aside from being

875
00:52:01,680 --> 00:52:05,760
Speaker 6: able to fight, is probably fighter's most valuablester his story

876
00:52:06,040 --> 00:52:06,680
Speaker 6: or her story.

877
00:52:07,680 --> 00:52:10,839
Speaker 1: Now it was time for George Foreman's story to take

878
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Speaker 1: over boxing. Next time on Rumble.

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Speaker 13: George Jackson, Angela Davis, Black Panthers.

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Speaker 7: All of this urban political.

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Speaker 8: Intensity was all occurring at the same time.

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Speaker 13: Marshall y'all called me and adm if I wanted to

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Speaker 13: go play with Bbking, I said, oh yeah sure.

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Speaker 18: Rumble is a production of School of Humans and iHeart Podcasts.

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Speaker 18: Rumble is written and hosted by Zaren Burnett. The third

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Speaker 18: produced and directed by Julia Chriscau. Sound design and scoring

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Speaker 18: by Jesse Niswanger. Original music by Jordan Manley and TJ.

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Speaker 4: Merritt. Our senior producer is Amelia Brock.

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Speaker 18: Series concept by Gary strom Executive producers are Jason English,

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Speaker 18: Sean ty Tone, Gary Stromberg, Virginia Prescott, L. C.

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Speaker 4: Crowley and Brandon Barr.

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Speaker 18: Production manager Daisy Church, fact checker Savannah Hugley. Additional producing

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Speaker 18: by Claire Keating and John Washington. Legal services provided by

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Speaker 18: Connol Hanley PC.

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Speaker 4: Casting director Julia Chriscau.

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Speaker 18: Episode three cast Abraham Amka as Mohammad Ali, Arthur Dent

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Speaker 18: as Joe Fraser, Jonah Weston as Norman Mahler, Anthony Brandon

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Speaker 18: Walker as George Foreman, Wayne j As Howard Cosell, Julia

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Speaker 18: Chriscau as news reporter. Casting support services provided by Breakdown Express.

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Speaker 18: Special thanks to Lewis Ehrenberg. Check out his book Rumble

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Speaker 18: in the Jungle. It's a great resource. Also thanks to

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Speaker 18: Jonathan I for his book Ali a Life, And finally

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Speaker 18: thanks to Zarens pops Zeke, who ground this material like

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Speaker 18: no one else. If you like the show, let us know.

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Speaker 4: Like subscribe, leave five star reviews. It really helps.

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Speaker 18: Also check out our show notes for a full list

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Speaker 18: of reference materials.