1 00:00:00,120 --> 00:00:03,280 Speaker 1: I'm Julie Douglas, host of the Stuff of Life, a 2 00:00:03,400 --> 00:00:06,560 Speaker 1: podcast that teases apart the tales we tell, because when 3 00:00:06,600 --> 00:00:10,039 Speaker 1: we crack open a story and look inside, we see 4 00:00:10,080 --> 00:00:13,920 Speaker 1: the seeds of what make our world so maddening, so strange, 5 00:00:13,960 --> 00:00:16,880 Speaker 1: and so achingly beautiful. The Stuff of Life is a 6 00:00:16,920 --> 00:00:20,240 Speaker 1: podcast about how we're all just getting by, learning and 7 00:00:20,280 --> 00:00:23,920 Speaker 1: surviving through the stories that we share. We'll look at 8 00:00:24,000 --> 00:00:28,080 Speaker 1: everything from fear and what fuels it, the inconceivability of 9 00:00:28,120 --> 00:00:31,639 Speaker 1: death and our desire to become immortal, to the big 10 00:00:31,760 --> 00:00:35,440 Speaker 1: universal question in life, why don't men dance? Join me 11 00:00:35,479 --> 00:00:39,000 Speaker 1: for the first episode on January. You can find The 12 00:00:39,080 --> 00:00:42,639 Speaker 1: Stuff of Life on iTunes or any other podcast provider. 13 00:00:49,520 --> 00:00:52,479 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff you missed in History Class from how 14 00:00:52,520 --> 00:01:00,280 Speaker 1: Stuff Works dot com. Hello, and welcome the five half. 15 00:01:00,400 --> 00:01:05,119 Speaker 1: I'm crazy so many people's favorite time of the year 16 00:01:05,240 --> 00:01:09,200 Speaker 1: right now, because as is has as has become a 17 00:01:09,240 --> 00:01:14,720 Speaker 1: tradition on our show time to cap off Slash start 18 00:01:14,880 --> 00:01:17,199 Speaker 1: with a roundup of things that have been unearthed, either 19 00:01:17,280 --> 00:01:22,039 Speaker 1: figuratively or literally over the past year. Uh, there are 20 00:01:22,080 --> 00:01:24,600 Speaker 1: people who look forward to this all year apparently, well, 21 00:01:24,640 --> 00:01:27,119 Speaker 1: there are people that I mean the second something hits 22 00:01:27,200 --> 00:01:30,520 Speaker 1: the Internet, like any sort of discovery or unearthing, they 23 00:01:30,680 --> 00:01:32,640 Speaker 1: very quickly notify us. So I know there are people 24 00:01:32,680 --> 00:01:37,400 Speaker 1: that just love unearth things. Yes, So, as is always 25 00:01:37,440 --> 00:01:40,760 Speaker 1: the case, some of these things did not actually come 26 00:01:40,760 --> 00:01:42,640 Speaker 1: out of the earth or the attic or the river 27 00:01:42,840 --> 00:01:47,920 Speaker 1: or wherever. In is when the findings were announced, or 28 00:01:47,960 --> 00:01:50,720 Speaker 1: in one case, is when we actually heard about it 29 00:01:51,200 --> 00:01:55,880 Speaker 1: for some reason. Also, as usual, we're grouping similar types 30 00:01:55,920 --> 00:01:58,400 Speaker 1: of discoveries and finds together, but there are lots of 31 00:01:58,440 --> 00:02:01,840 Speaker 1: things that really fit into more than one category. So 32 00:02:02,040 --> 00:02:04,560 Speaker 1: if we're in the shipwrecked category and we didn't say 33 00:02:04,600 --> 00:02:08,240 Speaker 1: your favorite thing, hold off on emailing us about it 34 00:02:08,320 --> 00:02:12,160 Speaker 1: until after we get to the very end, you know 35 00:02:12,240 --> 00:02:14,400 Speaker 1: that we actually didn't have it in a different category. 36 00:02:14,919 --> 00:02:19,359 Speaker 1: It's also definitely not everything that was unearthed in It's 37 00:02:19,360 --> 00:02:22,800 Speaker 1: not even everything in the pin board that I made 38 00:02:23,280 --> 00:02:25,760 Speaker 1: that had a hundred and seventies hundred and thirty seven 39 00:02:25,760 --> 00:02:27,640 Speaker 1: pins on it the day that I did all of 40 00:02:27,680 --> 00:02:30,760 Speaker 1: this compiling. There are not a hundred and thirty seven 41 00:02:30,800 --> 00:02:33,400 Speaker 1: things in these two episodes. We would have to talk 42 00:02:33,560 --> 00:02:38,760 Speaker 1: so fast. Uh. Also, after last year's Unearthed episodes, in 43 00:02:38,800 --> 00:02:41,359 Speaker 1: which I commented that I had a hard time finding 44 00:02:41,400 --> 00:02:45,160 Speaker 1: anything that was about Africa but not Egypt. There's plenty 45 00:02:45,160 --> 00:02:48,040 Speaker 1: of Egypt, but not a lot of non Egypt Africa. 46 00:02:48,520 --> 00:02:50,840 Speaker 1: I added a whole bunch of new sources to my 47 00:02:50,960 --> 00:02:53,800 Speaker 1: RSS readers and whatnot and hoping and the hope of 48 00:02:53,800 --> 00:02:56,680 Speaker 1: finding more cool unearthed things from places that are not 49 00:02:56,800 --> 00:03:00,640 Speaker 1: North America, Europe and Egypt. And in fly while I 50 00:03:00,680 --> 00:03:03,919 Speaker 1: did get about thirty five more pins than last year, 51 00:03:04,960 --> 00:03:08,880 Speaker 1: I have zame shortages in places that are not North America, 52 00:03:08,960 --> 00:03:12,520 Speaker 1: Europe and Egypt. So that's all the caveats. The bulk 53 00:03:12,520 --> 00:03:15,639 Speaker 1: of today's episode is mostly finds that relate to podcasts 54 00:03:15,680 --> 00:03:18,080 Speaker 1: from our archive, and we're going to finish it off 55 00:03:18,160 --> 00:03:21,839 Speaker 1: with a longtime favorite of shipwrecks. But first we're gonna 56 00:03:21,880 --> 00:03:24,480 Speaker 1: get the Egypt out of the way. At the very 57 00:03:24,520 --> 00:03:26,880 Speaker 1: beginning of the year, a team of archaeologists from the 58 00:03:26,880 --> 00:03:30,040 Speaker 1: Czech Institute of Egyptology announced that they had found the 59 00:03:30,080 --> 00:03:34,320 Speaker 1: tomb of a previously unknown Egyptian queen. She's believed to 60 00:03:34,360 --> 00:03:37,280 Speaker 1: have been the wife of Fifth Dynasty pharaoh Rhinefaev, who 61 00:03:37,360 --> 00:03:41,320 Speaker 1: ruled Egypt about four thousand, five hundred years ago. The 62 00:03:41,400 --> 00:03:44,800 Speaker 1: queen's tomb was found in his funeral complex, and based 63 00:03:44,800 --> 00:03:47,480 Speaker 1: on writing on the tomb's walls that was probably put 64 00:03:47,520 --> 00:03:51,320 Speaker 1: there by the builders, she was Queen kent Couse, most 65 00:03:51,360 --> 00:03:54,800 Speaker 1: likely kent Couse the third, since two prior queens with 66 00:03:54,840 --> 00:03:58,360 Speaker 1: the same name have already been identified. The team concluded 67 00:03:58,440 --> 00:04:01,920 Speaker 1: that the queen was probably Reneff's wife based on the 68 00:04:01,960 --> 00:04:06,760 Speaker 1: contents of the tomb and the proximity to the pharaoh's tomb. Interestingly, 69 00:04:07,400 --> 00:04:10,720 Speaker 1: the Czech Republic's Charles University press release on the subject 70 00:04:11,000 --> 00:04:14,880 Speaker 1: identifies the pharaoh as Renefreff and the queen as Kent Cows, 71 00:04:14,920 --> 00:04:18,640 Speaker 1: but most news articles have called the queen Kenta Coess, 72 00:04:18,640 --> 00:04:22,080 Speaker 1: which seems like sort of a reasonably alternate representation of 73 00:04:22,120 --> 00:04:25,960 Speaker 1: another language, but called the pharaoh Nefrefray, which is like 74 00:04:26,040 --> 00:04:31,280 Speaker 1: a weird anagram. We might get some knowledgeable Egyptologists to 75 00:04:31,400 --> 00:04:33,760 Speaker 1: explain to us why that is, but I could not 76 00:04:33,880 --> 00:04:35,479 Speaker 1: figure it out in the time it took me to 77 00:04:35,480 --> 00:04:39,880 Speaker 1: work on this episode, because like, the queen's names are 78 00:04:39,920 --> 00:04:41,680 Speaker 1: similar enough that it seems like, yeah, that could have 79 00:04:41,720 --> 00:04:44,400 Speaker 1: just been an alternate way of representing this language that 80 00:04:44,520 --> 00:04:49,200 Speaker 1: uses a totally different set of phonemes, but the pharaoh's 81 00:04:49,279 --> 00:04:54,080 Speaker 1: name seems like somebody mixed the letters into a different order. Well. 82 00:04:54,120 --> 00:04:57,760 Speaker 1: And there is also that cultural tradition in Egypt of 83 00:04:58,440 --> 00:05:04,240 Speaker 1: people having multiple names depending on who was referencing them. 84 00:05:04,279 --> 00:05:06,840 Speaker 1: So there were royal names, there were personal names, there 85 00:05:06,839 --> 00:05:10,120 Speaker 1: were family names. It could be that they plucked a 86 00:05:10,200 --> 00:05:14,000 Speaker 1: different one of those out um, but I don't know. 87 00:05:14,960 --> 00:05:19,480 Speaker 1: That's my limited knowledge on the subject. Regardless. Previously unknown 88 00:05:19,640 --> 00:05:23,880 Speaker 1: Egyptian queen pretty cool, uh in the news of a 89 00:05:23,960 --> 00:05:27,240 Speaker 1: much more well known Egyptian queen. Nicholas Reeves of the 90 00:05:27,320 --> 00:05:30,200 Speaker 1: University of Arizona made news this summer when he published 91 00:05:30,200 --> 00:05:34,719 Speaker 1: a paper theorizing that Queen Nefertiti is actually buried in 92 00:05:34,720 --> 00:05:39,360 Speaker 1: a secret tomb inside of King Tutton Hammond's pyramid in 93 00:05:39,400 --> 00:05:42,679 Speaker 1: the Valley of the Kings. So this theory is largely 94 00:05:42,720 --> 00:05:46,520 Speaker 1: based on highly detailed scans of King tutton commons tomb, 95 00:05:47,080 --> 00:05:51,080 Speaker 1: which he believes show markings indicating that they're concealed doors 96 00:05:51,160 --> 00:05:55,120 Speaker 1: back there. So one set of doors, if it indeed 97 00:05:55,120 --> 00:05:59,000 Speaker 1: does exist, seems likely to go to a storeroom because 98 00:05:59,000 --> 00:06:03,200 Speaker 1: its size and posit should mirror another already discovered store room. 99 00:06:03,240 --> 00:06:06,160 Speaker 1: But another set of doors is larger, and it seems 100 00:06:06,200 --> 00:06:10,440 Speaker 1: in Reeves analysis to mirror the dimensions and orientation of 101 00:06:10,520 --> 00:06:15,520 Speaker 1: other royal tubes that are again already known about among 102 00:06:15,640 --> 00:06:18,279 Speaker 1: the archaeological community. This paper has been met with some 103 00:06:18,400 --> 00:06:22,920 Speaker 1: cautious optimism, and later this year, much more recently, radar 104 00:06:23,000 --> 00:06:25,320 Speaker 1: equipment was brought in to try to get a different 105 00:06:25,760 --> 00:06:28,760 Speaker 1: and deeper look, along with X ray equipment. This was 106 00:06:28,800 --> 00:06:30,880 Speaker 1: still in the news as recently as a week ago, 107 00:06:31,080 --> 00:06:34,200 Speaker 1: so this is still clearly a developing story. I wonder 108 00:06:34,240 --> 00:06:36,440 Speaker 1: if we will even have more information that comes out 109 00:06:36,520 --> 00:06:40,280 Speaker 1: between when we recorded and when this episode comes out, 110 00:06:40,400 --> 00:06:42,800 Speaker 1: which happens to us sometimes that's possible. We have a 111 00:06:42,839 --> 00:06:46,320 Speaker 1: couple of weeks left in the year, so if if 112 00:06:46,400 --> 00:06:48,920 Speaker 1: this is falling in and you're like, hey, that's what's up. 113 00:06:49,480 --> 00:06:52,680 Speaker 1: Uh so from outside of Egypt then but related, the 114 00:06:52,800 --> 00:06:56,400 Speaker 1: remains of sixteen two thousand year old pyramids have been 115 00:06:56,440 --> 00:07:00,159 Speaker 1: found in Sudan during the time of the Kush Kingdom. 116 00:07:00,160 --> 00:07:03,080 Speaker 1: This find is part of an ongoing excavation that's been 117 00:07:03,080 --> 00:07:06,680 Speaker 1: in the work since Six of the pyramids are made 118 00:07:06,680 --> 00:07:10,440 Speaker 1: of stone and ten are made of mud brick. All 119 00:07:10,440 --> 00:07:13,280 Speaker 1: of these pyramids are part of a cemetery, and they 120 00:07:13,280 --> 00:07:16,760 Speaker 1: all seem to have had funerary purposes, although many of 121 00:07:16,800 --> 00:07:21,000 Speaker 1: the other sites within the cemetery don't have pyramids associated 122 00:07:21,040 --> 00:07:24,800 Speaker 1: with them. The relevance to Egypt isn't just because Sudan 123 00:07:24,880 --> 00:07:27,720 Speaker 1: and Egypt share a border. One of the discoveries in 124 00:07:27,760 --> 00:07:31,080 Speaker 1: the same cemetery complex is a table carved with a 125 00:07:31,080 --> 00:07:34,440 Speaker 1: scene of a priest making and offering to Osiris. The 126 00:07:34,480 --> 00:07:38,480 Speaker 1: goddess Isis is shown as well. Isis and Cyrus of 127 00:07:38,520 --> 00:07:42,000 Speaker 1: course have a famous place in Egyptian mythology, and we're 128 00:07:42,040 --> 00:07:45,600 Speaker 1: revered among the Kush as well. So I know it's 129 00:07:45,600 --> 00:07:47,760 Speaker 1: a little early in the episode to already be stopping 130 00:07:47,760 --> 00:07:52,120 Speaker 1: for a brief sponsor break. However, there are so many 131 00:07:52,760 --> 00:07:55,680 Speaker 1: unearthed things this year that relate directly to past episodes 132 00:07:55,680 --> 00:07:58,360 Speaker 1: in the archive that that is the bulk of today's episode, 133 00:07:58,360 --> 00:08:00,200 Speaker 1: and I wanted to keep them all together. So we're 134 00:08:00,200 --> 00:08:02,480 Speaker 1: gonna pause for a brief moment for a word from 135 00:08:02,480 --> 00:08:05,320 Speaker 1: a sponsor, and then get right to all of that. Yes, 136 00:08:05,360 --> 00:08:08,320 Speaker 1: because it's a delicious sponsor. It really is, Stuffy. 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One last time, that's 163 00:09:43,120 --> 00:09:46,199 Speaker 1: nature box dot com for off your first box of 164 00:09:46,360 --> 00:09:51,880 Speaker 1: beyond tasty handpick snacks sent directly to your doorstep. Now 165 00:09:51,920 --> 00:09:55,440 Speaker 1: we'll get back to our story, So onto the past. 166 00:09:55,640 --> 00:10:00,280 Speaker 1: Podcast updates portion of this year's unearthing. A collection of 167 00:10:00,440 --> 00:10:03,760 Speaker 1: Rosa Parks personal papers became available for the public for 168 00:10:03,760 --> 00:10:05,719 Speaker 1: the first time this year, and we talked in our 169 00:10:05,760 --> 00:10:08,440 Speaker 1: two part podcast about her about how a lot of 170 00:10:08,440 --> 00:10:12,560 Speaker 1: people have this very simplistic, overly romanticized idea of her 171 00:10:12,600 --> 00:10:15,680 Speaker 1: involvement in the Montgomery bus boycott, that they have a 172 00:10:15,720 --> 00:10:17,800 Speaker 1: sense that she was just a tired lady trying to 173 00:10:17,800 --> 00:10:21,240 Speaker 1: get home, when in reality, she already had a lengthy 174 00:10:21,320 --> 00:10:24,600 Speaker 1: history of activism and involvement in the Double A CP 175 00:10:24,800 --> 00:10:29,320 Speaker 1: before that happened. These papers go another step further than that, 176 00:10:29,720 --> 00:10:32,360 Speaker 1: revealing that the woman herself was in a lot of ways, 177 00:10:32,400 --> 00:10:35,960 Speaker 1: a lot more complex and more radical than the soft 178 00:10:35,960 --> 00:10:41,160 Speaker 1: spoken public image that she had. This collection includes seven thousand, 179 00:10:41,160 --> 00:10:44,920 Speaker 1: five hundred manuscripts and two thousand, five hundred photos, and 180 00:10:44,960 --> 00:10:47,040 Speaker 1: it's on loan to the Library of Congress for the 181 00:10:47,080 --> 00:10:51,160 Speaker 1: next decade. Hey, I really loved this one. They haven't 182 00:10:51,160 --> 00:10:55,080 Speaker 1: been available for public uh viewing for long enough to 183 00:10:55,120 --> 00:10:57,679 Speaker 1: have like a lot of really deep readings of all 184 00:10:57,720 --> 00:10:59,960 Speaker 1: of them, But I love the idea that this person, 185 00:11:00,080 --> 00:11:02,240 Speaker 1: and who a lot of people carry in our minds 186 00:11:02,240 --> 00:11:05,880 Speaker 1: as the sort of soft, soft spoken, sweet individual, was 187 00:11:05,920 --> 00:11:08,280 Speaker 1: a lot more complex than that, and a lot of 188 00:11:08,280 --> 00:11:10,520 Speaker 1: times like more angry than that, and a lot of 189 00:11:10,520 --> 00:11:13,480 Speaker 1: times more radical than that. I think it is awesome 190 00:11:13,480 --> 00:11:15,959 Speaker 1: when we get to sort of flesh out these people 191 00:11:16,000 --> 00:11:18,440 Speaker 1: that have taken on a near mythological sense in our 192 00:11:18,480 --> 00:11:21,200 Speaker 1: own brains and get a better sense of them being 193 00:11:21,200 --> 00:11:24,560 Speaker 1: actual human beings. That's sort of the peril of being 194 00:11:24,559 --> 00:11:27,800 Speaker 1: an iconic figure in history, right, You get simplified down 195 00:11:28,640 --> 00:11:32,160 Speaker 1: to one or two sentences often, and humans are complex. 196 00:11:32,200 --> 00:11:36,840 Speaker 1: Nobody is ever that simple that they could be submated 197 00:11:36,880 --> 00:11:39,240 Speaker 1: in two sentences. But it happens a lot and Rosa 198 00:11:39,280 --> 00:11:41,640 Speaker 1: Parks is a fascinating figure, So like you, I am 199 00:11:41,760 --> 00:11:44,480 Speaker 1: very excited that we get a lot more insight into 200 00:11:44,520 --> 00:11:48,800 Speaker 1: her as a person. So we also already knew that 201 00:11:48,880 --> 00:11:51,800 Speaker 1: Utsy everybody's favorite iceman and the subject of both a 202 00:11:51,880 --> 00:11:57,040 Speaker 1: past podcast and past Unearthed announcements. I'm pretty sure we 203 00:11:57,080 --> 00:11:59,600 Speaker 1: know he had tattoos. Now we know a lot more 204 00:11:59,640 --> 00:12:02,240 Speaker 1: about what those tattoos were, and where they were, and 205 00:12:02,280 --> 00:12:05,480 Speaker 1: how many they had. Lets These tattoos were most likely 206 00:12:05,559 --> 00:12:08,240 Speaker 1: made by rubbing charcoal into cuts on his skin. So 207 00:12:08,360 --> 00:12:13,040 Speaker 1: if you combine that pretty superficial color placement with the 208 00:12:13,080 --> 00:12:16,160 Speaker 1: fact that his skin darkend a lot over time, and 209 00:12:16,200 --> 00:12:18,240 Speaker 1: you get it a pretty tricky task to try to 210 00:12:18,240 --> 00:12:20,960 Speaker 1: figure out what is tattoo and what is just dark, 211 00:12:21,080 --> 00:12:25,400 Speaker 1: leathery skin. The team that did this analysis on Letsi's 212 00:12:25,679 --> 00:12:29,319 Speaker 1: uh skin wound up using a variety of noninvasive imaging 213 00:12:29,360 --> 00:12:33,280 Speaker 1: techniques combined with a computer program they wrote that allowed 214 00:12:33,280 --> 00:12:37,520 Speaker 1: them to compare colors pixel by pixel. A complete accounting 215 00:12:37,760 --> 00:12:40,880 Speaker 1: of the sixty one tattoos, most of them patterns of 216 00:12:40,920 --> 00:12:44,440 Speaker 1: parallel and intersecting lines, was published in the Journal of 217 00:12:44,480 --> 00:12:48,240 Speaker 1: Cultural Heritage in October, and the hope is that This 218 00:12:48,320 --> 00:12:53,880 Speaker 1: research will help understand how these tattoos functioned in Letsie's society. 219 00:12:54,400 --> 00:12:57,320 Speaker 1: There were several news releases about Letz's tattoos over the 220 00:12:57,320 --> 00:12:59,560 Speaker 1: course of the year, and the number of them kept 221 00:12:59,640 --> 00:13:02,280 Speaker 1: increase sing with each one as they got more and 222 00:13:02,280 --> 00:13:06,240 Speaker 1: more detailed analysis, so it's possible there even more tattoos 223 00:13:06,280 --> 00:13:11,400 Speaker 1: discovered later. Um. One of the things a lot of 224 00:13:11,400 --> 00:13:13,640 Speaker 1: people write to us about is that a forensic team 225 00:13:13,800 --> 00:13:16,760 Speaker 1: announced that it had found another grave tied to the 226 00:13:16,800 --> 00:13:20,199 Speaker 1: wreck of the Batavia and the subsequent mutiny that followed 227 00:13:20,200 --> 00:13:23,600 Speaker 1: that wreck. That announcement came this January, and it actually 228 00:13:23,600 --> 00:13:26,360 Speaker 1: started with a single tooth that somebody found on Beacon 229 00:13:26,480 --> 00:13:32,360 Speaker 1: Island and uh the archaeological team that went back to 230 00:13:32,400 --> 00:13:34,960 Speaker 1: the island to study it further eventually found a skeleton, 231 00:13:35,040 --> 00:13:37,640 Speaker 1: but oddly the skeleton did not belong to that tooth 232 00:13:37,760 --> 00:13:40,240 Speaker 1: or vice versa. The tooth and the skeleton belonged to 233 00:13:40,400 --> 00:13:44,640 Speaker 1: different people. This find is part of ongoing archaeological work 234 00:13:44,720 --> 00:13:47,520 Speaker 1: on Beacon Island. A mass grave was found there back 235 00:13:47,559 --> 00:13:52,000 Speaker 1: in but fishing shacks had to be removed before archaeological 236 00:13:52,040 --> 00:13:57,599 Speaker 1: study could really begin. Our next our next unearthing is 237 00:13:57,840 --> 00:14:00,679 Speaker 1: kind of a twofold thing. Katie and Sarah a podcast 238 00:14:00,679 --> 00:14:04,360 Speaker 1: back in called Who Stole the Amber Room? And this 239 00:14:04,480 --> 00:14:07,120 Speaker 1: year news reports came out that a sixty eight year 240 00:14:07,160 --> 00:14:10,880 Speaker 1: old pensioner named Karl Heinz Kleina had been digging for 241 00:14:10,920 --> 00:14:14,000 Speaker 1: the chamber in Western Germany. So the Amber Room, if 242 00:14:14,000 --> 00:14:16,760 Speaker 1: you're not familiar, is a room made of amber panels 243 00:14:16,800 --> 00:14:19,120 Speaker 1: that was a gift to Star Peter the Great in 244 00:14:19,200 --> 00:14:21,920 Speaker 1: seventeen sixteen, and it was looted by Nazis in World 245 00:14:21,960 --> 00:14:26,080 Speaker 1: War Two. However, later in the year, other reports came 246 00:14:26,080 --> 00:14:29,120 Speaker 1: out of a Nazi gold train that was found in Poland. 247 00:14:29,880 --> 00:14:32,760 Speaker 1: Then those claims were rolled back, and then they were 248 00:14:32,960 --> 00:14:37,040 Speaker 1: put forth again. And one item purportedly on the supposed train, 249 00:14:37,560 --> 00:14:39,560 Speaker 1: if it exists, because now we've had a lot of 250 00:14:39,600 --> 00:14:43,240 Speaker 1: back and forth, is actually the Amber room. This whole 251 00:14:43,360 --> 00:14:46,120 Speaker 1: Nazi gold train question is kind of tricky to figure out. 252 00:14:46,120 --> 00:14:48,800 Speaker 1: A regional governor in Poland said that he doubted that 253 00:14:48,880 --> 00:14:52,400 Speaker 1: it was true, and then a cultural deputy cultural minister 254 00:14:52,520 --> 00:14:56,040 Speaker 1: said he was certain that the reports were true. The 255 00:14:56,200 --> 00:14:59,119 Speaker 1: treasure hunters claiming to have found it have remained anonymous, 256 00:14:59,120 --> 00:15:01,440 Speaker 1: and the latest report I can find on the subject 257 00:15:01,440 --> 00:15:03,480 Speaker 1: of whether this gold Train is a real thing or 258 00:15:03,480 --> 00:15:06,560 Speaker 1: not was from last week, which said there should be 259 00:15:06,600 --> 00:15:10,440 Speaker 1: a definitive answer in quote a matter of days. As 260 00:15:10,480 --> 00:15:13,240 Speaker 1: of right now when we're sitting here, no definitive answer 261 00:15:13,320 --> 00:15:18,040 Speaker 1: about whether the gold train really exists. We've got an 262 00:15:18,040 --> 00:15:20,960 Speaker 1: episode and an update in the archive on what happened 263 00:15:20,960 --> 00:15:23,520 Speaker 1: to the lost colony at Roanoke, and this year there 264 00:15:23,520 --> 00:15:26,440 Speaker 1: were actually two different teams announcing two different sets of 265 00:15:26,480 --> 00:15:30,360 Speaker 1: findings in response to that specific question, and a lot 266 00:15:30,400 --> 00:15:32,520 Speaker 1: of the reporting on each of them was written as 267 00:15:32,520 --> 00:15:37,840 Speaker 1: though only one uh team and set of findings existed. Okay, 268 00:15:37,840 --> 00:15:39,960 Speaker 1: we've got so many tweets that were like they figured 269 00:15:39,960 --> 00:15:43,760 Speaker 1: it out, as though there were not a completely different 270 00:15:43,760 --> 00:15:47,040 Speaker 1: team with a completely different set of bindings also happening 271 00:15:47,160 --> 00:15:50,440 Speaker 1: at the same time. So, one team was excavating near 272 00:15:50,520 --> 00:15:52,960 Speaker 1: Cape Creek on Hatteras Island and they found a number 273 00:15:53,000 --> 00:15:56,560 Speaker 1: of sixteenth century English artifacts. Some of these were probably 274 00:15:56,600 --> 00:15:59,160 Speaker 1: trade goods, but others, like a ring and the hilt 275 00:15:59,160 --> 00:16:01,160 Speaker 1: of a rape here and a piece of a writing slate, 276 00:16:01,240 --> 00:16:04,680 Speaker 1: look more like people's possessions, not things that were being traded. 277 00:16:05,240 --> 00:16:08,320 Speaker 1: And another team has been looking on the North Carolina mainland. 278 00:16:08,400 --> 00:16:11,360 Speaker 1: Following clues on a map. That's the map discussed in 279 00:16:11,400 --> 00:16:15,160 Speaker 1: the Lost Colony update in the archive, the First Colony 280 00:16:15,200 --> 00:16:17,960 Speaker 1: Foundation has been conducting a dig on the site known 281 00:16:17,960 --> 00:16:21,240 Speaker 1: as Site X and located a style of pottery known 282 00:16:21,280 --> 00:16:24,200 Speaker 1: as border wear, which was in common use at Roanoake. 283 00:16:24,720 --> 00:16:27,280 Speaker 1: They found other English goods on the site as well. 284 00:16:28,280 --> 00:16:31,280 Speaker 1: So while there's still a fair amount of mystery, the 285 00:16:31,360 --> 00:16:34,360 Speaker 1: going theory at this point is that colonists from rowan 286 00:16:34,440 --> 00:16:37,600 Speaker 1: Oakes split into at least two groups and assimilated with 287 00:16:37,680 --> 00:16:41,480 Speaker 1: two different Native American communities, one on Hytteras Island and 288 00:16:41,600 --> 00:16:45,720 Speaker 1: one on the mainland. We will now touch back on 289 00:16:46,880 --> 00:16:49,600 Speaker 1: the Nasca Lines, which was an episode I researched quite 290 00:16:49,600 --> 00:16:52,560 Speaker 1: a while back. Three D scans of the Nasca Lines 291 00:16:52,600 --> 00:16:57,480 Speaker 1: have found a series of previously unknown geoglyphs. These scans 292 00:16:57,520 --> 00:17:00,520 Speaker 1: covered a region about a mile north of Nasca, and 293 00:17:00,680 --> 00:17:03,400 Speaker 1: it's adjacent to other New Gia glyphs that were found 294 00:17:03,520 --> 00:17:06,600 Speaker 1: last year. The new Gia glyphs from this year, which 295 00:17:06,760 --> 00:17:09,320 Speaker 1: were dated to between four hundred and two hundred b C, 296 00:17:09,840 --> 00:17:14,200 Speaker 1: are mostly of animals, including possibly a llama. I love 297 00:17:14,280 --> 00:17:20,320 Speaker 1: that it's maybe a Llama. So during last year's Unearthed episodes, 298 00:17:20,400 --> 00:17:23,840 Speaker 1: we spent a lot of time talking about the Franklin expedition, 299 00:17:24,320 --> 00:17:26,880 Speaker 1: is because one of the ships was discovered last year. 300 00:17:27,720 --> 00:17:31,280 Speaker 1: This year, researchers continued to add support to something people 301 00:17:31,320 --> 00:17:34,760 Speaker 1: already speculated about in terms of the ill fated expedition, 302 00:17:34,800 --> 00:17:37,440 Speaker 1: and that was that the survivors turned to cannibalism near 303 00:17:37,480 --> 00:17:40,159 Speaker 1: the end. In a paper that was published in the 304 00:17:40,240 --> 00:17:44,840 Speaker 1: Journal of Osteoarchaeology, researchers examined bones that seem to have 305 00:17:44,920 --> 00:17:47,200 Speaker 1: been broken and boiled, which is the thing that people 306 00:17:47,240 --> 00:17:49,159 Speaker 1: would normally do to try to get at the marrow 307 00:17:49,280 --> 00:17:52,119 Speaker 1: inside of the bones when they were literally starving and 308 00:17:52,240 --> 00:17:55,800 Speaker 1: down to the last possible pieces of the body they're eating. 309 00:17:56,560 --> 00:18:00,560 Speaker 1: So they called their findings tentative, but if they're accurate, 310 00:18:01,440 --> 00:18:04,720 Speaker 1: just like was true with where the shipwreck was located, 311 00:18:04,800 --> 00:18:08,639 Speaker 1: it basically confirms what First Nations people have been saying 312 00:18:09,000 --> 00:18:13,760 Speaker 1: all along. Uh to some people's surprise, we did a 313 00:18:13,760 --> 00:18:18,000 Speaker 1: whole podcast episode on Stonehenge last year. After a number 314 00:18:18,040 --> 00:18:22,200 Speaker 1: of noninvasive imaging studies, mostly through the Stonehenge Hidden Landscape 315 00:18:22,200 --> 00:18:27,440 Speaker 1: Project unearthed lots of discoveries there. We have some really 316 00:18:27,480 --> 00:18:31,280 Speaker 1: angry emails about that episode from people who were angry 317 00:18:31,320 --> 00:18:34,840 Speaker 1: that they used their data plan to download something that 318 00:18:34,920 --> 00:18:39,000 Speaker 1: they knew about already. Uh, I'm sorry you didn't personally 319 00:18:39,000 --> 00:18:43,520 Speaker 1: miss that in history class. We can't really prevent that though. Um. However, 320 00:18:44,000 --> 00:18:46,840 Speaker 1: these studies that we talked about last year are still ongoing, 321 00:18:47,280 --> 00:18:50,280 Speaker 1: and this year archaeologists announced they had found traces of 322 00:18:50,440 --> 00:18:54,560 Speaker 1: more larger monuments about three kilometers which is about two 323 00:18:54,600 --> 00:18:58,000 Speaker 1: miles away, and this time it is a set of enormous, 324 00:18:58,119 --> 00:19:03,000 Speaker 1: previously unknown standing stones under the already known about Durrington Walls. 325 00:19:03,720 --> 00:19:06,480 Speaker 1: Other work at the site has focused on figuring out 326 00:19:06,520 --> 00:19:10,360 Speaker 1: what the people who built all these monuments. Eight analysis 327 00:19:10,359 --> 00:19:13,400 Speaker 1: of animal bones residue on pottery and the like has 328 00:19:13,440 --> 00:19:16,720 Speaker 1: revealed that they mostly ate animals. Not a lot of 329 00:19:16,720 --> 00:19:20,320 Speaker 1: plant material showed up in the analysis, and foods containing 330 00:19:20,400 --> 00:19:22,920 Speaker 1: dairy were prepared at a different site than the meat, 331 00:19:23,359 --> 00:19:26,600 Speaker 1: possibly because dairy was used for ceremonial purposes and not 332 00:19:26,720 --> 00:19:30,159 Speaker 1: for eating, or because it was perhaps perceived as an 333 00:19:30,160 --> 00:19:33,679 Speaker 1: elite food only for the few. Also, Uh, it was 334 00:19:33,680 --> 00:19:37,760 Speaker 1: revealed that they had seasonal feasts. I'm imagining that's sort 335 00:19:37,800 --> 00:19:43,879 Speaker 1: of Stonehenge esque builder Thanksgiving, everybody getting together and just 336 00:19:43,920 --> 00:19:47,439 Speaker 1: showing down on giant honks of animal because that is 337 00:19:47,520 --> 00:19:50,440 Speaker 1: most of what they found in the cooking pot. So 338 00:19:50,880 --> 00:19:53,560 Speaker 1: possibly the most contentious thing we put on our Facebook 339 00:19:53,600 --> 00:19:56,280 Speaker 1: the entire year a photo about for two dollars at 340 00:19:56,280 --> 00:19:58,720 Speaker 1: a junk store. May or may not show past podcast 341 00:19:58,800 --> 00:20:03,600 Speaker 1: subject Billy the Kid play coque uh newmismatics firm Kagan's Inc. 342 00:20:04,359 --> 00:20:08,639 Speaker 1: Claims that they have authenticated this picture beyond all possible doubt, 343 00:20:08,960 --> 00:20:11,560 Speaker 1: but a number of scholars of the American West all 344 00:20:11,640 --> 00:20:15,200 Speaker 1: doubted that. In spite of this being beyond a reasonable doubt. 345 00:20:15,880 --> 00:20:18,280 Speaker 1: One valid criticism of all of this is that it 346 00:20:18,320 --> 00:20:21,720 Speaker 1: was announced as part of a television special. It's like 347 00:20:21,760 --> 00:20:24,040 Speaker 1: a two hour TV special, not as like a peer 348 00:20:24,040 --> 00:20:26,879 Speaker 1: reviewed paper, which most of the other things we are 349 00:20:26,880 --> 00:20:31,199 Speaker 1: talking about are of the peer reviewed paper variety, not 350 00:20:31,359 --> 00:20:36,000 Speaker 1: the TV special variety. People got in heated arguments about 351 00:20:36,000 --> 00:20:38,560 Speaker 1: this on our Facebook, So even though they've claimed that 352 00:20:38,640 --> 00:20:44,680 Speaker 1: it's undisputable, the jury is actually still out. I would say, yeah, 353 00:20:44,720 --> 00:20:50,919 Speaker 1: I also suspect that some of the people cannot be convinced. 354 00:20:51,720 --> 00:20:54,280 Speaker 1: I would agree. I think that's that's probably a fair 355 00:20:54,280 --> 00:20:57,720 Speaker 1: assessment of the situation. UH, So we will move on 356 00:20:57,760 --> 00:21:00,199 Speaker 1: because we're not going to solve it. To sue on 357 00:21:00,240 --> 00:21:04,439 Speaker 1: the Magnificent, Hungarian researchers announced that they may have found 358 00:21:04,440 --> 00:21:08,120 Speaker 1: the tomb of past podcast subjects Suliman the Magnificent, or 359 00:21:08,440 --> 00:21:11,880 Speaker 1: at least part of him. Uh. This tomb was unearthed 360 00:21:11,880 --> 00:21:14,399 Speaker 1: in southern Hungary in November, and it is believed to 361 00:21:14,520 --> 00:21:19,280 Speaker 1: contain Suliman's heart and intestines. Most of Suleiman's body is 362 00:21:19,320 --> 00:21:22,040 Speaker 1: in a mosque in Istanbul, but his heart and organs 363 00:21:22,040 --> 00:21:24,480 Speaker 1: were removed and entombed at the sight of his death, 364 00:21:24,840 --> 00:21:27,560 Speaker 1: and that's the tomb that researchers believe they've found now, 365 00:21:28,040 --> 00:21:30,399 Speaker 1: and they hope to confirm that finding in the spring. 366 00:21:30,720 --> 00:21:32,600 Speaker 1: That one's very recent, so we don't have a ton 367 00:21:32,640 --> 00:21:34,920 Speaker 1: of information about it, but maybe next year we will 368 00:21:34,920 --> 00:21:38,560 Speaker 1: know the answer for sure. Last, but not least, for 369 00:21:38,600 --> 00:21:41,520 Speaker 1: all of these past episode updates, apparently we are still 370 00:21:41,520 --> 00:21:44,160 Speaker 1: not done talking about Richard the Third in that car Park. 371 00:21:46,000 --> 00:21:48,000 Speaker 1: I feel like we have talked about Richard the Third 372 00:21:48,040 --> 00:21:51,280 Speaker 1: in the car Park for every Unearthed episode that Holly 373 00:21:51,320 --> 00:21:53,399 Speaker 1: and I have worked on. It seems like forever. But 374 00:21:53,400 --> 00:21:56,639 Speaker 1: there is still more to discuss, not just the fact 375 00:21:56,640 --> 00:21:59,320 Speaker 1: that he was reburied in an oak coffin in March 376 00:21:59,400 --> 00:22:05,280 Speaker 1: of this year. In August of a limestone sarcophagus UH 377 00:22:05,600 --> 00:22:09,240 Speaker 1: was opened from the same burial site as where Richard 378 00:22:09,240 --> 00:22:11,639 Speaker 1: the Third was found, and it was revealed to have 379 00:22:12,280 --> 00:22:18,080 Speaker 1: another different leadline coffin inside of it. This year, researchers 380 00:22:18,119 --> 00:22:22,360 Speaker 1: opened that one and they found an an elderly woman's 381 00:22:22,440 --> 00:22:26,360 Speaker 1: skeleton inside. It seems as though she was buried well 382 00:22:26,400 --> 00:22:30,520 Speaker 1: before Richard the Third was, though so not actually related 383 00:22:30,560 --> 00:22:33,639 Speaker 1: to him. All speculation had pointed to the body in 384 00:22:33,680 --> 00:22:36,600 Speaker 1: the coffin being male since the site was once home 385 00:22:36,640 --> 00:22:40,399 Speaker 1: to Grayfriars Church that was a friary of the Franciscan Order. 386 00:22:40,800 --> 00:22:42,560 Speaker 1: But it was not a male and we're still trying 387 00:22:42,560 --> 00:22:46,040 Speaker 1: to figure out the mystery. Yep, And apparently several of 388 00:22:46,080 --> 00:22:49,199 Speaker 1: the bodies that they have found that were buried during 389 00:22:49,280 --> 00:22:53,320 Speaker 1: the time that it was um the friary are there 390 00:22:53,359 --> 00:22:57,080 Speaker 1: are more women's bodies than they expected. They expected them 391 00:22:57,080 --> 00:22:59,480 Speaker 1: to be almost all men from that time period, but 392 00:22:59,520 --> 00:23:01,080 Speaker 1: they're a par only lots of moment and they're trying 393 00:23:01,080 --> 00:23:04,359 Speaker 1: to figure out why that is. Do not yet know, 394 00:23:05,160 --> 00:23:07,200 Speaker 1: we do know that after another brief responsive break, we're 395 00:23:07,200 --> 00:23:11,679 Speaker 1: gonna talk about some shipwrecks. People love shipwrecks, except the 396 00:23:11,680 --> 00:23:14,879 Speaker 1: ones that don't, except for that person that said, please, 397 00:23:14,920 --> 00:23:19,720 Speaker 1: for the love of God, no more shipwrecks. Hey, it's 398 00:23:19,760 --> 00:23:23,640 Speaker 1: New Year's Resolutions time coming up. I love making resolutions. 399 00:23:23,640 --> 00:23:25,320 Speaker 1: I didn't do so great with mine this year, but 400 00:23:25,440 --> 00:23:29,199 Speaker 1: I had some other goals I hadn't planned. But if 401 00:23:29,240 --> 00:23:30,960 Speaker 1: you're one of those people that's a little iffy on it, 402 00:23:31,040 --> 00:23:34,400 Speaker 1: here is a super easy one for you. Make the 403 00:23:34,440 --> 00:23:38,680 Speaker 1: first step in your resolution plan. Simple, simple, simple. Put 404 00:23:38,720 --> 00:23:43,840 Speaker 1: on your underwear. Not old, yucky underwear that's worn out. 405 00:23:44,119 --> 00:23:47,760 Speaker 1: Put on new, fabulous underwear. Start with a fresh new 406 00:23:47,760 --> 00:23:50,600 Speaker 1: pair of me Andy's, which is the world's most comfortable underwear. 407 00:23:50,800 --> 00:23:53,080 Speaker 1: And this will make a really easy resolution that you 408 00:23:53,119 --> 00:23:57,120 Speaker 1: will enjoy fulfilling. 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Plus shipping is 423 00:24:38,760 --> 00:24:42,040 Speaker 1: always free for all orders in the US and Canada, 424 00:24:42,280 --> 00:24:45,200 Speaker 1: So once again, for off your first order of the 425 00:24:45,240 --> 00:24:48,679 Speaker 1: world's most comfortable underwear. Head to miandi dot com slash 426 00:24:48,760 --> 00:24:53,560 Speaker 1: history right now and make the best resolution you ever will. 427 00:24:53,680 --> 00:24:56,720 Speaker 1: You'll be so happy you did. So. It kind of 428 00:24:56,760 --> 00:25:00,040 Speaker 1: bridge this gap between the past podcast connections and and 429 00:25:00,240 --> 00:25:05,080 Speaker 1: the shipwrecks. We're going to talk about the Antica the shipwreck, 430 00:25:08,080 --> 00:25:11,000 Speaker 1: So there's been a lot of work going on this 431 00:25:11,080 --> 00:25:14,640 Speaker 1: year and the antikate Th shipwreck, and a team led 432 00:25:14,640 --> 00:25:17,200 Speaker 1: by Jacques Cousteaux and funded by the Greek government actually 433 00:25:17,240 --> 00:25:20,080 Speaker 1: recovered a ton of artifacts from there in the seventies, 434 00:25:20,080 --> 00:25:22,800 Speaker 1: but then there was a hiatus of about forty years 435 00:25:22,880 --> 00:25:26,200 Speaker 1: when nobody really went down there. Divers started going back 436 00:25:26,240 --> 00:25:29,600 Speaker 1: in with the hope that newer techniques and newer equipment 437 00:25:29,640 --> 00:25:32,240 Speaker 1: would help them recover even more stuff from the wreck. 438 00:25:33,080 --> 00:25:38,400 Speaker 1: Among these newer techniques and pieces of technology waterproof iPads 439 00:25:38,480 --> 00:25:40,640 Speaker 1: where they can mark the locations of things that they 440 00:25:40,680 --> 00:25:45,960 Speaker 1: spot on hyper detailed maps while they're actually underwater. So 441 00:25:46,080 --> 00:25:49,000 Speaker 1: these new techniques and tools have definitely worked. A team 442 00:25:49,000 --> 00:25:52,000 Speaker 1: of explorers brought up more than fifty new items in 443 00:25:52,040 --> 00:25:55,080 Speaker 1: September alone, including a flute that was made of bone 444 00:25:55,200 --> 00:25:59,200 Speaker 1: or ivory, lots and lots of ceramics and glass, pieces 445 00:25:59,240 --> 00:26:02,240 Speaker 1: of the ship itself, and a bronze armrest that might 446 00:26:02,280 --> 00:26:05,600 Speaker 1: have been part of a throne. Brendan Foley, a marine 447 00:26:05,680 --> 00:26:09,400 Speaker 1: archaeologist co directing the project, described it in Smithsonian Magazine 448 00:26:09,440 --> 00:26:12,280 Speaker 1: is quote like a tractor trailer truck wrecked on the 449 00:26:12,280 --> 00:26:15,680 Speaker 1: way to Christie's auction house for fine art. It's just amazing, 450 00:26:17,920 --> 00:26:22,880 Speaker 1: also in the just Amazing shipwrecks categories. Columbia announced recently 451 00:26:22,920 --> 00:26:25,479 Speaker 1: that it had found the wreckage of the Spanish galleon 452 00:26:25,640 --> 00:26:29,280 Speaker 1: San Jose, and this galleon sank on June eight during 453 00:26:29,320 --> 00:26:32,359 Speaker 1: the War of Spanish succession. It is believed to contain 454 00:26:32,440 --> 00:26:35,720 Speaker 1: literally billions of dollars worth that's a billion with a B, 455 00:26:35,720 --> 00:26:40,359 Speaker 1: billions of dollars worth of gems and precious metals. Colombian 456 00:26:40,400 --> 00:26:44,240 Speaker 1: President Juan Manuel Santos is calling this a major discovery 457 00:26:44,280 --> 00:26:48,120 Speaker 1: for Columbia. But the American firm C Search Armada, which 458 00:26:48,160 --> 00:26:52,359 Speaker 1: also goes under the the abbreviation SSA, is claiming to 459 00:26:52,440 --> 00:26:56,359 Speaker 1: have already found this wreck in two and Spain is 460 00:26:56,359 --> 00:26:58,679 Speaker 1: trying to claim this wreck as well, under the argument 461 00:26:58,720 --> 00:27:00,800 Speaker 1: that it should be returned to its name aition of origin, 462 00:27:01,280 --> 00:27:05,280 Speaker 1: citing a UNESCO convention about items of National heritage. So 463 00:27:05,320 --> 00:27:08,520 Speaker 1: at this point it is poised to go multiple rounds 464 00:27:08,520 --> 00:27:11,560 Speaker 1: and international courts, which is not surprising when you consider 465 00:27:11,640 --> 00:27:15,480 Speaker 1: the billions of dollars at stake. I think the court 466 00:27:15,600 --> 00:27:18,920 Speaker 1: battle has the potential to be as dramatic as the shipwreck. 467 00:27:19,880 --> 00:27:24,200 Speaker 1: UH Archaeologists who were actually looking for Captain Henry Morgan's 468 00:27:24,200 --> 00:27:27,680 Speaker 1: ship instead stumbled onto a completely different vessel in twenty 469 00:27:27,760 --> 00:27:30,919 Speaker 1: eleven and they identified what it was this year. It 470 00:27:31,040 --> 00:27:34,240 Speaker 1: was the merchant ship Incarnacion, which sank on the Caribbean 471 00:27:34,240 --> 00:27:37,280 Speaker 1: side of Panama in one This is part of a 472 00:27:37,280 --> 00:27:39,880 Speaker 1: fleet of ships that was carrying gold and silver from 473 00:27:39,920 --> 00:27:43,520 Speaker 1: the America's back to Spain. What is surprising about this 474 00:27:43,600 --> 00:27:46,879 Speaker 1: particular shipwreck is that it went down in pretty shallow water, 475 00:27:47,200 --> 00:27:50,280 Speaker 1: but and it has remost it has mostly remained unlooted. 476 00:27:50,720 --> 00:27:53,720 Speaker 1: The seafloor also shifted around the hull, which preserved a 477 00:27:53,800 --> 00:27:55,720 Speaker 1: large portion of the hall as well. So this is 478 00:27:55,760 --> 00:28:00,399 Speaker 1: a surprisingly intact, well preserved wreck considering how all it 479 00:28:00,520 --> 00:28:02,879 Speaker 1: is and how close it is to the surface. This 480 00:28:02,960 --> 00:28:06,320 Speaker 1: is another one where in future episodes we may know 481 00:28:06,359 --> 00:28:10,080 Speaker 1: more about what's actually down there, and similarly, in looking 482 00:28:10,080 --> 00:28:13,160 Speaker 1: for one thing and finding another, crews that we're looking for. 483 00:28:13,200 --> 00:28:16,720 Speaker 1: The Malaysia Airlines Flight n H three seventy found a 484 00:28:16,800 --> 00:28:21,280 Speaker 1: previously uncharted shipwreck in May after sonar detected a cluster 485 00:28:21,359 --> 00:28:24,439 Speaker 1: of objects on the seafloor off the coast of Western Australia. 486 00:28:24,840 --> 00:28:27,480 Speaker 1: The team sent down an underwater camera and found that 487 00:28:27,520 --> 00:28:30,359 Speaker 1: it was not the missing flight but instead a nineteenth 488 00:28:30,400 --> 00:28:36,159 Speaker 1: century cargo ship. A team of marine archaeologists led by 489 00:28:36,240 --> 00:28:38,960 Speaker 1: Barry Clifford, operating off the coasts of the coast of 490 00:28:39,000 --> 00:28:42,160 Speaker 1: Madagascar announced in May that they had found buried treasure 491 00:28:42,560 --> 00:28:46,880 Speaker 1: belonging to pirate captain William Kidd Clifford, who discovered the 492 00:28:46,880 --> 00:28:50,040 Speaker 1: wick of the wreck of the Widow. Another past podcast subject, 493 00:28:50,560 --> 00:28:54,120 Speaker 1: claimed to have found Kid's ship Adventure Galley as well, 494 00:28:54,600 --> 00:28:57,800 Speaker 1: and the treasure he reported having found included a bar 495 00:28:57,880 --> 00:29:02,240 Speaker 1: of silver wing fifty five kg ms. However, a team 496 00:29:02,280 --> 00:29:05,800 Speaker 1: from UNESCO visited the site and they dismissed the claims outright, 497 00:29:06,000 --> 00:29:09,000 Speaker 1: saying the quote silver bar was in fact a led 498 00:29:09,040 --> 00:29:12,400 Speaker 1: ballast and that the quote ship was a broken part 499 00:29:12,480 --> 00:29:18,040 Speaker 1: of construction debris from St. Marie Port in Madagascar. Clifford's team, however, 500 00:29:18,200 --> 00:29:22,520 Speaker 1: is standing by their claims. I don't totally no. I mean, 501 00:29:22,640 --> 00:29:26,240 Speaker 1: I'm guessing UNESCO knows what they're talking about. Uh. Barry 502 00:29:26,280 --> 00:29:29,080 Speaker 1: Clifford did legitimately discover the wreck of the Widow, but 503 00:29:29,240 --> 00:29:31,200 Speaker 1: since then he has also claimed to have found one 504 00:29:31,240 --> 00:29:33,960 Speaker 1: of Christopher Columbus's ships, and that one didn't pan out either. 505 00:29:34,240 --> 00:29:38,520 Speaker 1: So see what happens with this one. Last of the 506 00:29:38,800 --> 00:29:43,000 Speaker 1: straight up shipwrecks, A joint Greek American team found a 507 00:29:43,120 --> 00:29:47,080 Speaker 1: site of twenty two distinct shipwrecks this year, all in 508 00:29:47,160 --> 00:29:50,520 Speaker 1: a seventeen square mile area. They span all the way 509 00:29:50,560 --> 00:29:53,080 Speaker 1: from the late Roman period to the late Medieval period. 510 00:29:53,240 --> 00:29:55,959 Speaker 1: And this really serves as like a watch this space 511 00:29:56,080 --> 00:29:59,800 Speaker 1: for future unearthed episodes because they've barely begun to analyze 512 00:29:59,840 --> 00:30:01,520 Speaker 1: what in all these shipwrecks. Just the fact that it 513 00:30:01,600 --> 00:30:05,720 Speaker 1: was twenty two in one space, spanning you know, a 514 00:30:06,000 --> 00:30:10,760 Speaker 1: thousands or something years of seafaring history. Pretty big deal. 515 00:30:11,480 --> 00:30:14,000 Speaker 1: I'm saying, don't go to those waters. Maybe, I know 516 00:30:16,320 --> 00:30:20,200 Speaker 1: it seems like not a just guess that part. Yeah, 517 00:30:20,240 --> 00:30:22,920 Speaker 1: that part of the Greece, the Greek Archipelago, very dangerous. 518 00:30:23,000 --> 00:30:27,080 Speaker 1: Don't go there in your boat without appropriate sonar and whatnot. 519 00:30:27,640 --> 00:30:29,880 Speaker 1: Now we're gonna talk about a few things that have 520 00:30:30,080 --> 00:30:34,200 Speaker 1: been hauled up out of rivers and things. So in 521 00:30:34,320 --> 00:30:37,880 Speaker 1: English warship the London broke into and sank in the 522 00:30:37,960 --> 00:30:42,240 Speaker 1: Thames Estuary in the seventeenth century, and this year archaeologists 523 00:30:42,320 --> 00:30:45,720 Speaker 1: managed to haul it's perfectly preserved gun carriage out of 524 00:30:45,760 --> 00:30:48,560 Speaker 1: the water. They had to use a crane aboard a 525 00:30:48,640 --> 00:30:51,920 Speaker 1: barge to get to it. This gun carriage would have 526 00:30:51,960 --> 00:30:55,000 Speaker 1: held a nine foot cannon and its recovery is notable 527 00:30:55,120 --> 00:30:57,920 Speaker 1: both because of its condition, which is reported to be exceptional. 528 00:30:58,760 --> 00:31:01,440 Speaker 1: Uh and to what else it might lead to them finding, 529 00:31:01,520 --> 00:31:06,400 Speaker 1: including possibly the cannon itself. Also hauled up this year 530 00:31:06,640 --> 00:31:08,800 Speaker 1: was a huge figurehead in the shape of a sea 531 00:31:08,840 --> 00:31:11,760 Speaker 1: monster that was on the prow of the fifteenth century 532 00:31:11,840 --> 00:31:15,920 Speaker 1: warship Glibunden. I don't know if I'm pronouncing that right, 533 00:31:15,960 --> 00:31:18,560 Speaker 1: but it is fun to say, which belonged to the 534 00:31:18,680 --> 00:31:22,760 Speaker 1: Danish king Hans. The thing weighs six hundred and sixty 535 00:31:22,800 --> 00:31:24,840 Speaker 1: pounds and it was carved from the top of an 536 00:31:24,880 --> 00:31:28,480 Speaker 1: eleven foot beam. The ship had been attached to sank 537 00:31:28,560 --> 00:31:32,400 Speaker 1: at anchor after it caught on fire. So the ship's 538 00:31:32,520 --> 00:31:35,880 Speaker 1: name means gripped dog, and the figurehead looks kind of 539 00:31:35,960 --> 00:31:39,400 Speaker 1: like an extremely ferocious dog that has something in its mouth. 540 00:31:39,680 --> 00:31:41,480 Speaker 1: The thing in its mouth flix maybe like a person, 541 00:31:41,680 --> 00:31:43,880 Speaker 1: Like maybe this dog is eating a person on the 542 00:31:44,440 --> 00:31:48,840 Speaker 1: prow of the ship. To terrify your enemies. Possibly the 543 00:31:48,920 --> 00:31:53,360 Speaker 1: best sentence in this year's research that Tracy did for 544 00:31:53,560 --> 00:31:57,240 Speaker 1: Unearthed is from Discovery News article on this finding, which 545 00:31:57,320 --> 00:32:00,640 Speaker 1: is quote, very few wrecks from that period have escaped 546 00:32:00,680 --> 00:32:05,600 Speaker 1: the ravages of sea worms. That sentence made me have 547 00:32:05,760 --> 00:32:07,520 Speaker 1: to lick it up make sure I was not reading 548 00:32:07,520 --> 00:32:11,800 Speaker 1: in April fools Day article. Uh, Like every year there's 549 00:32:11,840 --> 00:32:16,320 Speaker 1: something particularly delightful that just uh comes up. Last year 550 00:32:16,400 --> 00:32:18,280 Speaker 1: was quotes for a guy who was who was doing 551 00:32:18,360 --> 00:32:21,000 Speaker 1: research at Hadrian at Hadrian's Wall, and everything he said 552 00:32:21,120 --> 00:32:23,880 Speaker 1: was funny. This time it is the ravages of seaworms. 553 00:32:24,200 --> 00:32:27,080 Speaker 1: I think that would be absolutely beautiful and sort of 554 00:32:27,240 --> 00:32:34,040 Speaker 1: morbidly hilarious on a gravestone with no explanation. So in 555 00:32:34,160 --> 00:32:38,320 Speaker 1: South Carolina, underwater archaeologists saw three Civil War cannons out 556 00:32:38,320 --> 00:32:40,920 Speaker 1: of the Pade River after a six year search for them. 557 00:32:41,040 --> 00:32:44,000 Speaker 1: And each of these cannons weighs about fifteen thousand pounds. 558 00:32:44,520 --> 00:32:47,280 Speaker 1: Two of them were Confederate cannons and the third was 559 00:32:47,440 --> 00:32:51,920 Speaker 1: captured from the Union. According to researchers, Confederate troops through 560 00:32:51,960 --> 00:32:53,880 Speaker 1: the cannons into the river to keep them from being 561 00:32:54,000 --> 00:32:56,800 Speaker 1: captured by Sherman as he moved to North Carolina, and 562 00:32:56,880 --> 00:32:59,280 Speaker 1: then they scuttled the ship that they were on. Another 563 00:32:59,440 --> 00:33:02,520 Speaker 1: Civil War cannon, also from a scuttled chip, was hauled 564 00:33:02,560 --> 00:33:07,760 Speaker 1: out of the Savannah River this year as well. It's always, 565 00:33:07,880 --> 00:33:11,120 Speaker 1: as I've noted earlier, weird and funny to me the 566 00:33:11,280 --> 00:33:13,680 Speaker 1: patterns that emerge as I go through all these things, 567 00:33:14,480 --> 00:33:19,560 Speaker 1: uh and the fact that we had uh several exceptionally 568 00:33:19,680 --> 00:33:24,840 Speaker 1: heavy naval things hauled up out of the water that 569 00:33:25,160 --> 00:33:29,000 Speaker 1: that tickled me. And again the seaworms, well, who who 570 00:33:29,040 --> 00:33:33,840 Speaker 1: doesn't love a good seaworm? So that is part one 571 00:33:34,720 --> 00:33:37,560 Speaker 1: of all of our unearth unearth things for the year. 572 00:33:37,640 --> 00:33:39,800 Speaker 1: Our next episode will be part two. We will talk 573 00:33:39,800 --> 00:33:42,680 Speaker 1: about more of a hodgepodge of things that are not 574 00:33:43,440 --> 00:33:47,040 Speaker 1: so often related to past episodes of the podcast. Do 575 00:33:47,160 --> 00:33:50,880 Speaker 1: you also have listener mail? I do. It is from Amy, 576 00:33:51,200 --> 00:33:53,520 Speaker 1: and Amy says Hi, Tracy and Holly, I have just 577 00:33:53,600 --> 00:33:56,520 Speaker 1: finished the Gallipoli podcast and I really loved your presentation. 578 00:33:57,080 --> 00:33:59,880 Speaker 1: I've just spent a Turkey on family holiday and we've 579 00:33:59,880 --> 00:34:02,760 Speaker 1: been at Gallipoli. I traveled to Turkey with my father, 580 00:34:02,920 --> 00:34:05,800 Speaker 1: two brothers, and aunt and three cousins. Dad was very 581 00:34:05,920 --> 00:34:08,719 Speaker 1: keen to be in Gallipoli for the hundredth anniversary, not 582 00:34:08,920 --> 00:34:11,240 Speaker 1: of the landing, but of the date my great grandfather 583 00:34:11,400 --> 00:34:15,680 Speaker 1: Charlie was wounded fighting on Hill sixty August. He was 584 00:34:15,760 --> 00:34:18,600 Speaker 1: shot during nighttime fighting and managed to be evacuated to 585 00:34:18,680 --> 00:34:21,200 Speaker 1: a hospital ship and recovered in Africa before being sent 586 00:34:21,320 --> 00:34:23,759 Speaker 1: to France when he was injured again, losing an eye, 587 00:34:23,840 --> 00:34:26,480 Speaker 1: and finally getting home to Western Australia, where he married 588 00:34:26,680 --> 00:34:29,480 Speaker 1: his cousin's widow. Bernard was killed in France in nineteen 589 00:34:29,560 --> 00:34:33,200 Speaker 1: sixty and had three children. His youngest is my grandfather. 590 00:34:33,440 --> 00:34:35,560 Speaker 1: So we wouldn't exist if not for World War One. 591 00:34:36,239 --> 00:34:38,319 Speaker 1: We toured the major battle sites and stood in awe 592 00:34:38,360 --> 00:34:41,000 Speaker 1: of Anzac Cove. Many tears were shed that day for 593 00:34:41,080 --> 00:34:43,080 Speaker 1: all our family and the people who fought and died there, 594 00:34:43,800 --> 00:34:47,000 Speaker 1: particularly at the memorial featuring at a Turk's famous speech. 595 00:34:47,520 --> 00:34:50,480 Speaker 1: Loan Pine and the Neck, which to pause for a second, 596 00:34:50,520 --> 00:34:53,799 Speaker 1: were places where particular events happened that we I don't 597 00:34:53,840 --> 00:34:56,479 Speaker 1: think we mentioned them specifically in the episode. Lone Pine 598 00:34:56,520 --> 00:34:58,759 Speaker 1: and the Neck were very moving places. But my dad 599 00:34:58,800 --> 00:35:01,000 Speaker 1: and his cousins had a fossile through the scrub at 600 00:35:01,080 --> 00:35:03,880 Speaker 1: Hill sixty and came away with some bullet casings, a 601 00:35:03,920 --> 00:35:06,480 Speaker 1: bully beef tin and some shrapnel fragments to take home 602 00:35:06,520 --> 00:35:10,880 Speaker 1: as mementos. Words can't really describe how unforgiving the terrain is. 603 00:35:11,000 --> 00:35:13,680 Speaker 1: Even now our guide is. It was a local man 604 00:35:13,800 --> 00:35:17,000 Speaker 1: with amazing knowledge. We were incredibly fortunate to have him 605 00:35:17,000 --> 00:35:19,480 Speaker 1: as our God. He had led the NATO chiefs on 606 00:35:19,560 --> 00:35:22,680 Speaker 1: a tour before the centenary. He said they were all 607 00:35:22,840 --> 00:35:25,920 Speaker 1: shocked by the landscape and remarked that seizing this area 608 00:35:26,120 --> 00:35:29,239 Speaker 1: was next to impossible and ought never to have been attempted. 609 00:35:29,920 --> 00:35:32,080 Speaker 1: He also led Russell Crowe on a three day tour 610 00:35:32,120 --> 00:35:34,680 Speaker 1: as Russell prepared to make the movie The Water Diviner. 611 00:35:35,239 --> 00:35:37,359 Speaker 1: Growing up in Australia and the nineties, when we learned 612 00:35:37,360 --> 00:35:39,960 Speaker 1: about World War One, our focus on the Gallipoli campaign 613 00:35:40,080 --> 00:35:43,040 Speaker 1: was on the incompetence of British high command and lack 614 00:35:43,120 --> 00:35:46,120 Speaker 1: of care of the ANZAC troops. They were considered cannon fodder. 615 00:35:46,480 --> 00:35:49,400 Speaker 1: I think it's less subjective now, but there's still an 616 00:35:49,480 --> 00:35:52,800 Speaker 1: underlying disdain for those officers who received commissions based on 617 00:35:52,880 --> 00:35:57,880 Speaker 1: who their dad was and as opposed to merit. Again, 618 00:35:58,280 --> 00:36:00,640 Speaker 1: thank you for the excellent episode at all your hard work. 619 00:36:01,440 --> 00:36:03,439 Speaker 1: Thank you, Amy. I wanted to read this just because 620 00:36:03,520 --> 00:36:05,719 Speaker 1: it was one of many letters we got from people 621 00:36:05,760 --> 00:36:09,600 Speaker 1: who had family members and relatives and friends of family 622 00:36:10,360 --> 00:36:12,560 Speaker 1: who served in Gallipoli. We got a lot of very 623 00:36:12,640 --> 00:36:15,680 Speaker 1: thoughtful and generous letters from people who just shared their 624 00:36:15,719 --> 00:36:18,600 Speaker 1: family memories with us. A lot of them shared memories 625 00:36:18,680 --> 00:36:21,560 Speaker 1: of having gone to Turkey. We had a lot of 626 00:36:21,600 --> 00:36:24,400 Speaker 1: people who sent us pictures from their travel in Turkey 627 00:36:24,480 --> 00:36:27,160 Speaker 1: when they went with family members to see places where 628 00:36:27,200 --> 00:36:31,239 Speaker 1: they're uh there their grandparents or great grandparents had fought 629 00:36:31,680 --> 00:36:34,160 Speaker 1: UM so Amy's is just one of the many letters. 630 00:36:34,280 --> 00:36:36,240 Speaker 1: Thank you so much for sending it. Thank you everyone 631 00:36:36,280 --> 00:36:41,080 Speaker 1: who sent us UM so many personal recollections about your 632 00:36:41,120 --> 00:36:43,160 Speaker 1: family and stories from your family history. I was a 633 00:36:43,200 --> 00:36:46,480 Speaker 1: little nervous about that episode because we do have a 634 00:36:47,040 --> 00:36:51,200 Speaker 1: fairly large I mean considering that, like you and I 635 00:36:51,320 --> 00:36:54,000 Speaker 1: are both Americans and it's our podcast as American talks 636 00:36:54,000 --> 00:36:57,480 Speaker 1: about American history a lot. We have a reasonably large 637 00:36:57,880 --> 00:37:00,719 Speaker 1: chunk of listeners from Australia and New Zealand and and 638 00:37:00,800 --> 00:37:02,640 Speaker 1: I was a little nervous that that episode was not 639 00:37:02,680 --> 00:37:05,719 Speaker 1: going to tell them anything new. But most of the 640 00:37:05,800 --> 00:37:08,520 Speaker 1: letters we've gotten have been very sweet and very thoughtful, 641 00:37:08,719 --> 00:37:11,439 Speaker 1: and uh and folks have been very gracious. So thank 642 00:37:11,480 --> 00:37:14,000 Speaker 1: you so much for being kind and sharing your awesome 643 00:37:14,040 --> 00:37:16,400 Speaker 1: stories with us. If you would like to write to 644 00:37:16,520 --> 00:37:19,240 Speaker 1: us about this or any other podcast, Where History podcast 645 00:37:19,280 --> 00:37:21,560 Speaker 1: at how Stuff Works dot com. We're also on Facebook 646 00:37:21,560 --> 00:37:23,560 Speaker 1: at Facebook dot com, Slash miss in history and on 647 00:37:23,680 --> 00:37:26,400 Speaker 1: Twitter at miss in history, are tumbler is missed in 648 00:37:26,440 --> 00:37:28,799 Speaker 1: History dot tumbler dot com, or also on Pinterest at 649 00:37:28,840 --> 00:37:31,879 Speaker 1: pinterest dot com slash miss in history. If you want 650 00:37:31,880 --> 00:37:33,480 Speaker 1: to learn a little bit more about something we've talked 651 00:37:33,480 --> 00:37:35,520 Speaker 1: about today, come to our parent company's website, which is 652 00:37:35,560 --> 00:37:37,640 Speaker 1: how stuff Works dot com. Put the word pirates in 653 00:37:37,719 --> 00:37:41,040 Speaker 1: the search bar. You will learn about pirates and piracy 654 00:37:41,120 --> 00:37:43,960 Speaker 1: and some pirate ships we've talked about in our shipwrecks 655 00:37:44,040 --> 00:37:46,960 Speaker 1: part of this unearthing. Uh. If you want to come 656 00:37:47,000 --> 00:37:49,200 Speaker 1: to our website, it's missed in history dot com. We're 657 00:37:49,200 --> 00:37:52,719 Speaker 1: gonna have show notes. It's gonna have links to literally 658 00:37:53,000 --> 00:37:57,879 Speaker 1: every story that we have talked about today. Uh, that's 659 00:37:57,880 --> 00:38:00,080 Speaker 1: a lot of links that will be in our in 660 00:38:00,200 --> 00:38:02,279 Speaker 1: our show notes posts so you can go and read 661 00:38:02,320 --> 00:38:04,919 Speaker 1: all of these stories for yourself. He would like Also 662 00:38:05,000 --> 00:38:07,680 Speaker 1: our Pinterest there's a pinboard that has all of the 663 00:38:07,760 --> 00:38:09,480 Speaker 1: things that made into this episode and all the things 664 00:38:09,560 --> 00:38:11,120 Speaker 1: that didn't. So you can do all that and a 665 00:38:11,160 --> 00:38:13,120 Speaker 1: whole lot more at how stuff works dot com or 666 00:38:13,200 --> 00:38:20,680 Speaker 1: missed in history dot com for more on this and 667 00:38:20,800 --> 00:38:23,279 Speaker 1: thousands of other topics. Is it how stuff Works dot 668 00:38:23,360 --> 00:38:23,520 Speaker 1: com