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Speaker 1: Welcome to Creature Future production of I Heart Radio. I'm

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Speaker 1: your host of Many Parasites, Katie Golden. I studied psychology

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Speaker 1: and evolutionary biology, and today on the show, it's another

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Speaker 1: listener Questions episode. That's my listener Questions episode song. You

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Speaker 1: guys will sometimes write into me some questions about animals

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Speaker 1: and evolutionary biology, and heck, you know what, I answer

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Speaker 1: them because that's who I am. And this week I

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Speaker 1: have some really interesting questions. So let's get right into them.

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Speaker 1: Although I guess before I do. If you have questions

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Speaker 1: that you really want me to answer, You're you it's

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Speaker 1: just been a thing that's been keeping you up night

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Speaker 1: after night. You're like, please answer this animal question. I

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Speaker 1: I need, I need to sleep. You can write to

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Speaker 1: me at Creature feature pot at gmail dot com with

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Speaker 1: your question, and I endeavor to respond always. Either I

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Speaker 1: will respond to your email or when I do these

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Speaker 1: listener question episodes, I will respond on the air. So

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Speaker 1: thank you guys for writing into me. Now let's get

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Speaker 1: right into the first question. So here is the first

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Speaker 1: listener email. I have a question about primary colors and

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Speaker 1: how we view them. Are what we view as primary colors?

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Speaker 1: Universal or is it just an emergent property from how

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Speaker 1: our cones are set up. I eat as blue and

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Speaker 1: yellow always make green or is that an effect caused

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Speaker 1: by our r G B cones. Thank you so much

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Speaker 1: and keep up the fantastic work. This is from Matt G.

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Speaker 1: First of all, Hi Matt, thank you. That is a

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Speaker 1: great question. This is it's very interesting, right. So, like

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Speaker 1: when we see color, it is light entering our eyeballs

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Speaker 1: and hitting sensory cells at the back of our eye

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Speaker 1: what is called the retina, and these sensory cell are

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Speaker 1: called rods and cones. Rods don't have much to do

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Speaker 1: with seeing color. They're mostly used to be able to

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Speaker 1: see in dim light. They're highly sensitive to light, but

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Speaker 1: they are not so sensitive to color. That's why I

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Speaker 1: like when it's really dark out, like at night, like

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Speaker 1: your sort of night vision, you don't really see color

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Speaker 1: very well. You just see light and dark. But your cones,

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Speaker 1: the other sensory cells in your eyeballs, actually can pick

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Speaker 1: up on colors. And we have three types of cones.

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Speaker 1: So with that information in your head, let's talk a

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Speaker 1: little bit about color. So color as pigments and color

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Speaker 1: as light wavelengths are slightly different. Of course, ultimately, when

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Speaker 1: we look at a pigment, we are seeing that color

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Speaker 1: due to light wavelength. So light bounces off a pigment

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Speaker 1: enters our eye and that's how we see it. But

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Speaker 1: primary colors for pigments are very different from the red, green, blue,

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Speaker 1: or yellow wavelengths of light in terms of how they

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Speaker 1: mix and produce colors. So if you mix blue and

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Speaker 1: yellow paint, it will make green, But if you combine

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Speaker 1: blue and yellow light, it actually makes a white light.

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Speaker 1: So if you combine green and red light, you get yellow,

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Speaker 1: whereas green and red paint makes a sort of muddy brown.

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Speaker 1: And if you mix all of the colors of paints,

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Speaker 1: as you probably know from kindergarten, it creates brown. But

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Speaker 1: if you mix all of the light colors like you

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Speaker 1: have of spotlights and all sorts of different color, and

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Speaker 1: you mix all of them, it's going to create white.

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Speaker 1: So light wavelengths interact in different ways than pigment molecules

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Speaker 1: to create color. So I wouldn't say that primary colors

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Speaker 1: are universal because wavelengths of light don't simply come in

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Speaker 1: like red, blue and yellow or red blue and green.

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Speaker 1: Primary colors like red, yellow, and blue are based on

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Speaker 1: paint pigments and color theorists came up with these as

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Speaker 1: primary colors. It's not based in the science of light.

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Speaker 1: But even when it comes to light, I wouldn't say

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Speaker 1: there are exact primary colors. So while we sometimes describe

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Speaker 1: our cones as being sorted into three categories of red cones,

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Speaker 1: blue cones, and green cones, meaning that these cones pick

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Speaker 1: up on those types of light, uh, it's actually a

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Speaker 1: little bit messier than that. A light is a spectrum,

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Speaker 1: so our eyes pick up on the spectrum of wavelengths.

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Speaker 1: So we have three types of cone cells, and they

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Speaker 1: don't each only pick up on one type of color.

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Speaker 1: There's actually a range of light wavelengths that are able

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Speaker 1: to trigger each type of cone cells. So instead of

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Speaker 1: labeling these cone cells as red cones, blue cones, and

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Speaker 1: green cones, perhaps the more accurate name is L M

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Speaker 1: and S cones, which stands for long, medium, and short,

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Speaker 1: referencing the types of wavelengths they tend to be sensitive to.

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Speaker 1: So S cone cells. Short wavelength cone cells mostly pick

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Speaker 1: up on blue light because blue light tends to have

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Speaker 1: a shorter wavelength. But more precisely, there's like a bell

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Speaker 1: curve from around four hundred nanometers wavelength to five thirty

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Speaker 1: nanometers of wavelength that these s cones can but don't

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Speaker 1: always pick up on. So this is the same case

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Speaker 1: with the medium and long cones. In fact, they overlap

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Speaker 1: with each other quite a bit. So, uh, these are

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Speaker 1: the green and red cones. The M cones, the medium

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Speaker 1: cones pick up on a good amount of green light,

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Speaker 1: but they can also pick up on some yellow and red,

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Speaker 1: and the L cones, the long cones pick up on

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Speaker 1: mostly red light, but they can also pick up a

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Speaker 1: little bit of yellow green. So there's overlaps of the

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Speaker 1: ranges of the type of light that each cone can

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Speaker 1: respond to. Not only is each cone capable of picking

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Speaker 1: up a spectrum of light, the color you perceive is

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Speaker 1: actually determined by the combination and strength of activity of

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Speaker 1: your cones. So say you've got some short wave length

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Speaker 1: cones that are picking up some blue, and then you've

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Speaker 1: got some of the long wavelengths cones that are picking

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Speaker 1: up red. You may see something like kind of a

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Speaker 1: purply color or something, or or you know, the the

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Speaker 1: number of of cone cells that are being activated or

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Speaker 1: the strength of the activation is going to determine how

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Speaker 1: bright something is, what color is going to be, the hue,

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Speaker 1: and that's why we can see an incredible, nearly infinite

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Speaker 1: range of colors, shades, and his. It's a little bit

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Speaker 1: about human eyeballs. Humans are trichromats. We typically have three

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Speaker 1: types of cones that detect three ranges of light, those S, M,

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Speaker 1: and L cones that I described earlier. Most mammals are

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Speaker 1: actually die chromats, having only the S cones the short wavelengths,

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Speaker 1: and the ELK cones the long wavelength cones. Um. But

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Speaker 1: there are also monochromats, animals who do not perceive color

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Speaker 1: and seeing black and white. Now you may have heard

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Speaker 1: at some point that dogs see in black and white.

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Speaker 1: That's not true. Dogs are actually die chromats, so they

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Speaker 1: do see a range of color, maybe not as much

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Speaker 1: of a range as humans do. But in terms of monochromats,

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Speaker 1: animals that truly only perceived in black and white. Uh.

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Speaker 1: These are typically cetaceans like whales and dolphins and pinnipeds, seals,

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Speaker 1: sea lions, and walruses. But before we get too smug

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Speaker 1: about our amazing color vision, there are also animals who

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Speaker 1: have more cones than humans. These are tetri chromats, which

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Speaker 1: include certain species of birds, reptiles, fish, and amphibians. Uh.

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Speaker 1: In fact, it's thought that the common ancestor to all

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Speaker 1: vertebrates was actually a tetrachromat having four types of cone cells,

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Speaker 1: but that many mammals lost these extra cones, and the

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Speaker 1: reason perhaps that we lost these extra cones is the

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Speaker 1: nocturnal bottleneck. This is the theory that most mammals were

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Speaker 1: forced to become nocturnal due to predation and competition with dinosaurs.

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Speaker 1: So tetrachromats having those four combes can see a wider

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Speaker 1: range of light wavelengths, and often this includes you V light. However,

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Speaker 1: you do not have to be a tetrachromat to see

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Speaker 1: u V light. All you need is at least one

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Speaker 1: of your cone cells to be sensitive to that light

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Speaker 1: and for your eyeball to actually allow you V light

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Speaker 1: to pass through the lens. So, for instance, human cones

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Speaker 1: can theoretically detect u V light, but the light is

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Speaker 1: actually blocked by our lens, So people without the lens

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Speaker 1: or with an artificial lens are actually slightly sensitive to

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Speaker 1: UV light and can see a sort of bluish white

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Speaker 1: or violet light, but that's not to say that this

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Speaker 1: is the same as say, another animal who can see

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Speaker 1: UV light, because our cones may not be quite as

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Speaker 1: sensitive to UV light or pick up the full range

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Speaker 1: of UV lights, so a tetra chromat might see this

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Speaker 1: light in a much richer way. We just simply don't

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Speaker 1: know what it's like. Because we're not a bird. We

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Speaker 1: can never get into the brain of a bird. Well,

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Speaker 1: I don't want to say never, but with our current

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Speaker 1: technology so far, we have not avatar into the brain

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Speaker 1: of a bird, even though I would love that. That's

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Speaker 1: my dream. Well, we're gonna take a quick break, but

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Speaker 1: when I get back, I'm gonna talk about some more

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Speaker 1: or less or questions and answer them to the best

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Speaker 1: of my ability. So here is an email in response

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Speaker 1: to my recent Falling style episode. This listener wrote, I

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Speaker 1: like this as usual, but you left out flying fish.

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Speaker 1: I wonder if you could do an entire episode about

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Speaker 1: flying fish. There is a southern constellation of Volands, the

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Speaker 1: Volands the flying fish, but there are no legends associated

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Speaker 1: with it. It's a modern one invented by astronomers during

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Speaker 1: the Age of exploration. Astronomers made up a lot of

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Speaker 1: constellation which are no longer quote official. Today, there are

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Speaker 1: eighty eight official constellations, many of which are animals, and

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Speaker 1: many of the constellations no longer official were also animals,

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Speaker 1: such as the cat, the toad, and the flamingo. There

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Speaker 1: are not any plant constellations. Wikipedia has an article on

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Speaker 1: the former constellations. Could you do an episode about the constellations?

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Speaker 1: This is from Steven M. Thank you so much, Steven. Honestly,

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Speaker 1: it sounds like you know way more about constellations than

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Speaker 1: I do. I love constellations. I love the stars. Typically

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Speaker 1: I can't see them because I live in the city

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Speaker 1: and light pollution prevents us from seeing the full range

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Speaker 1: of stars, which is kind of sad. But the last

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Speaker 1: time I went up into the mountains, I did have

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Speaker 1: a wonderful view of the sky. I actually went to

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Speaker 1: like a a star tour thing where they told you

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Speaker 1: about all these constellations and all these stories like these

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Speaker 1: ancient I guess tales, and it was it was still

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Speaker 1: kind of difficult, uh, And I really can see why

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Speaker 1: it was such a wonderful storytelling tool. You're lying there

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Speaker 1: in the dark, maybe it's a little spooky or a

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Speaker 1: little scared of predators, but then you have all these

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Speaker 1: bright stars, and so you can point to them and

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Speaker 1: connect the dots and come up with stories. And it's

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Speaker 1: something that while it's not true that these stars never change.

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Speaker 1: Of course, physicists would tell you that there is of

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Speaker 1: course change in in the stars and in the night sky,

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Speaker 1: but it's very slow. And they are such a wonderful

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Speaker 1: kind of constant thing that we all share to look

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Speaker 1: up at. But I sadly don't know that much about constellations. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: maybe I'll do some research into it and see if

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Speaker 1: I can, you know, do an episode about the real

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Speaker 1: animals behind these constellations. But onto the other aspect of

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Speaker 1: your question, which was flying fish, and those I do

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Speaker 1: know a bit about, so I agree that flying fish

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Speaker 1: are amazing. They are a family of fish found all

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Speaker 1: over the world in tropical and subtropical oceans. They tend

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Speaker 1: to be around seven to twelve inches long, which is

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Speaker 1: seventeen to thirty centimeters, which makes them appetizing snacks for

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Speaker 1: larger fish. So they have developed a strategy. They will

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Speaker 1: take to the skies. They will launch themselves out of

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Speaker 1: the water, spread these amazing fishy wings and glide incredible distances.

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Speaker 1: So their pectoral fins have evolved to splay out like

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Speaker 1: membranous plane wings, and they can leap into the air

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Speaker 1: and glide amazingly long distances up to around around a

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Speaker 1: hundred and sixty feet or fifty meters at a time,

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Speaker 1: which is just incredible. Uh. In fact, some of the

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Speaker 1: records for flight are even longer due to having a

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Speaker 1: nice updraft from say like a large wave. They have

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Speaker 1: been recorded to have reached up to one thousand, three

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Speaker 1: hundred feet or four hundred meters. That's I mean for

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Speaker 1: something that is a fish, right, it is not supposed

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Speaker 1: to be flying around. That is incredible. They're also fast.

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Speaker 1: They can go over thirty five miles an hour or

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Speaker 1: fifty six kilometers an hours, so these are serious flyers

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Speaker 1: like I would. I mean, it's true that they are gliders.

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Speaker 1: They don't necessarily get much altitude when are out of

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Speaker 1: the water, and they glide rather than flap their wings.

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Speaker 1: But it is for a fish, I mean, come on,

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Speaker 1: that's incredible. Uh. Those amazing wings that are so aerodynamic

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Speaker 1: and great for flying aren't so great for swimming, so

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Speaker 1: they usually just keep them tucked at their side and

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Speaker 1: do not use them for swimming. Just use torso movements

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Speaker 1: and their um their tails to swim around, and it

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Speaker 1: is it's incredible given that they are just like they

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Speaker 1: are able to launch themselves clear out of the water

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Speaker 1: just from the flicking of their back tails and their

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Speaker 1: abdomens um. While their flight can get them out of

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Speaker 1: sticky situations with predatory fish. Sometimes they will then get

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Speaker 1: picked off by predatory birds. So it's kind of like

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Speaker 1: out of the frying ocean into the frying sky. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: that makes sense. Anyways, onto another list or quashed on.

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Speaker 1: So Justine s to me about a viral video of

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Speaker 1: a two can with c through skin and asked if

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Speaker 1: it is real. Uh So, yes, this video of a

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Speaker 1: two can where they pulled back at the nape of

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Speaker 1: its neck and it's you can see right through the skin.

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Speaker 1: It is a real video. But I think it is

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Speaker 1: important for some context lest you think that, uh, two

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Speaker 1: cans like under their skin are just kind of like

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Speaker 1: look like they're made out of glass or something. So

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Speaker 1: in the video, someone parts the feathers on the nape

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Speaker 1: of a two cans neck, revealing this c through membranous skin.

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Speaker 1: Uh So, first of all, it's not necessarily a two

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Speaker 1: can specific trait. Birds in general have very thin skin.

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Speaker 1: They evolved to become very light, you know, these light

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Speaker 1: hollow bones, thin skins because they had to drop a

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Speaker 1: lot of weight, a lot of ballasts so that they

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Speaker 1: could fly. So, yes, birds have very thin skin. They

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Speaker 1: do not like to be insulted. Uh. And also, if

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Speaker 1: you shine a bright light source behind a fold of

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Speaker 1: a bird's skin, it becomes translucent. You can even, like

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Speaker 1: for some small birds, shine a light on the top

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Speaker 1: of their heads to be able to see how thick

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Speaker 1: their skulls are. So the reason it looks so remarkable

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Speaker 1: with the two can is that two cans. Uh. It's

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Speaker 1: the feather pattern of the two cans. They do not

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Speaker 1: have any down. They just have an outer layer of

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Speaker 1: feathers that grow in rows. And in between the rows

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Speaker 1: of these feathers, there's actually no feather growth. Um. Normally

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Speaker 1: this isn't so noticeable because the feathers will overlay each

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Speaker 1: other and hide the skin. But if you part the feathers,

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Speaker 1: you can see bald areas of skin where are there

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Speaker 1: where there are no feathers growing. And if you gently

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Speaker 1: pull the nape of their neck and shine a light

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Speaker 1: through it, the skin is translucent. Now in the video,

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Speaker 1: it may look like you can see like the bird's

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Speaker 1: spine or something, but that thick part that you can

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Speaker 1: that is not see through and the skin is actually

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Speaker 1: not its spine. It's a thick band uh that is uh,

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Speaker 1: this vascular area from which the feathers grow. So that's

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Speaker 1: like that's the row that the feathers are all growing

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Speaker 1: out of, and it's kind of thicker, vascularized, So it

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Speaker 1: is not its spine. You're not seeing its skeleton through

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Speaker 1: its skin. You're just seeing sort of a flap of

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Speaker 1: membrane of skin. I mean, if you sort of shine

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Speaker 1: a light through a thinner part of your skin, like

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Speaker 1: through your palm or something, or through a finger, you

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Speaker 1: can see. It's not transparent or translucent, but you can

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Speaker 1: see like some veins. You can even like if you

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Speaker 1: shine a light through an ear or something, you can

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Speaker 1: see some blood vessels at times. So it's like, you know,

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Speaker 1: this is not something unique to uh two birds or

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Speaker 1: to this two can, but for sure, uh in this

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Speaker 1: particular case, the combination of the two can not having feathers,

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Speaker 1: they're having sort of a thin uh nape of its

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Speaker 1: neck and having very thin skin yes, that skin is translucent.

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Speaker 1: So we're gonna take a quick break, and when I

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Speaker 1: get back, it's hey, guess what more or less sir questions,

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Speaker 1: see you soon. So we are back. Uh, And here

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Speaker 1: is another listener email that I received. I suggest you

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Speaker 1: do an episode on legless lizards and how they are

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Speaker 1: different from snakes. This could be a fun look at

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Speaker 1: parallel evolution. Thank you for a great part. Thank you

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Speaker 1: for a great podcast, Daniel L. So, Yeah, this is

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Speaker 1: an amazing thing. I love legless lizards, all of them. Um,

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Speaker 1: this is a great example of convergent evolution. So the

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Speaker 1: distinction between parallel and convergent evolution is it's I personally,

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Speaker 1: it always confuses me. It's kind of nit picky and

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Speaker 1: tricky and like, there's technically a difference, but it's really

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Speaker 1: hard to kind of make that determination. And sometimes they

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Speaker 1: are like debates about it. But uh, it's subjective. But

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Speaker 1: this is my best way of explaining it. Convergent. Uh.

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Speaker 1: The reason I would say that the case of legless

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Speaker 1: lizards and snakes is a case of convergent evolution is

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Speaker 1: that the last common ancestors of snakes and lizards had legs,

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Speaker 1: and then snakes and lizards diverged, and then the UH

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Speaker 1: snakes developed likelessness on their own, and then the lizards

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Speaker 1: then developed likelessness in some species, so then they reconverge.

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Speaker 1: So like when they like diverge and then reconverge with

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Speaker 1: traite UH or they start off kind of looking different

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Speaker 1: and then converge, that's convergent evolution, whereas like with parallel evolution,

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Speaker 1: I would say that's usually like, you know, they don't

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Speaker 1: they don't necessarily have that like initial divergence or initial

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Speaker 1: separation in terms of traits. Their traits kind of like um,

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Speaker 1: you know, they may they start at point A and

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Speaker 1: they both independently get to point B, whereas with convergent evolution,

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Speaker 1: they start at point A and point C and then

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Speaker 1: both of them come to point B. It's not that's

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Speaker 1: maybe not the best explanation of it or the most

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Speaker 1: encapsulates all aspects of it, like the relatedness of species

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Speaker 1: and so on. But for me, that's kind of a

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Speaker 1: good heuristic to tell the difference between convergent and parallel evolutions.

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Speaker 1: So in this case, I would say legless legless lizards

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Speaker 1: UH and snakes are an example of convergent evolution. So

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Speaker 1: legless lizards are indeed not snakes. Snakes are not simply

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Speaker 1: defined as lizard without legs. Even now that's kind of

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Speaker 1: what it seems like they are. So snakes diverged from

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Speaker 1: lizards around a hundred and fifty million years ago. In fact,

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Speaker 1: you can see these different evolutionary stories when you compare

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Speaker 1: legless lizards with snakes. There are some significant differences, such

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Speaker 1: as legless lizards having ear holes and eyelids, which snakes

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Speaker 1: do not have. Also, uh, legless lizards have really long

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Speaker 1: tails whereas snakes do not. Know this sounds weird, right,

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Speaker 1: Like what what part of the snake is the tail

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Speaker 1: versus just a more snake. It's not that clear, but

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Speaker 1: snakes actually have relatively short tails. The tail part is

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Speaker 1: behind their pelvis and does not contain any internal organs.

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Speaker 1: It's a tail, whereas the rest of the snake, It's like,

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Speaker 1: this is its body, it's torso, it's above the pelvis,

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Speaker 1: it contains or internal organs, it's stomach, etcetera. Um. So,

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Speaker 1: like the tail part is a different part of the snake.

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Speaker 1: Even though it all seems like just like one tube. Uh,

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Speaker 1: it does have an internal structure of course, uh not

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Speaker 1: only did lizards and snakes independently evolve leglessness. Even among

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Speaker 1: the legless lizards, there are many cases of independent evolutionary

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Speaker 1: paths that all led to no legs, which is incredible. Apparently,

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Speaker 1: ditching legs when you are a burrower, like when you

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Speaker 1: burrow in dirt, is a fairly popular and successful evolutionary strategy.

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Speaker 1: So there are at least eight groups of lizards who

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Speaker 1: have all independently lost their legs, and each group contains

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Speaker 1: multiple species. Some legless lizards look fairly snake like, some

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Speaker 1: look kind of chunky, uh, they're like thick, and some

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Speaker 1: kind of look like pink worms. They're really wonderful. It's

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Speaker 1: a very diverse group of animals. Um, there are also lizards.

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Speaker 1: In fact, it's such a popular strategy that it seems

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Speaker 1: to happen really quickly. There are Australian lizards called skinks

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Speaker 1: that essentially became legless in around three and a half

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Speaker 1: million years, which that sounds like a lot of time,

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Speaker 1: but in terms of evolution, uh, that is very very short.

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Speaker 1: So it sounds counterintuitive, right, Like, legs seem like a

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Speaker 1: really good evolutionary trait. Why would you get rid of

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Speaker 1: something that helps you get around well, if you spend

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Speaker 1: a lot of time in like sand or soil, essentially

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Speaker 1: just kind of swimming around and sand, having legs doesn't

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Speaker 1: necessarily help you that much. And so by getting rid

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Speaker 1: of the legs, you've made yourself more streamlined. Uh, you've

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Speaker 1: you know, it's always costly to have extra parts and evolution.

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Speaker 1: You typically you don't keep apart um that you don't

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Speaker 1: need because it is it usually costs something. Now, sometimes

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Speaker 1: you do. You'll have like a vestigial organ or a

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Speaker 1: vestigial body part if it's not really costing you that

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Speaker 1: much and it doesn't affect your survival. Um. But generally speaking,

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Speaker 1: if you have something that is not helping you and

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Speaker 1: it is maybe even getting in your way, you will

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Speaker 1: become more streamline. You will lose that. So uh, this

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Speaker 1: is uh, this has happened in many different animal lineages. Um.

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Speaker 1: I mean, in fact, like we talked about swepts uh recently,

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Speaker 1: but their little legs have become almost vestigial. They still

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Speaker 1: use their little feet to like hang onto the sides

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Speaker 1: of buildings and stuff, but they cannot walk on those legs.

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Speaker 1: They really can only fly and basically cling onto sides

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Speaker 1: of buildings with these little tiny uh hook hooks on

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Speaker 1: their feet. Um. And in fact, this like snake body

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Speaker 1: right is not only is not unique to reptiles, there

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Speaker 1: are also amphibians. These are called scis aliens. They are

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Speaker 1: a group of amphibians that look like a cross between

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Speaker 1: a worm and a snake, and they are legless amphibians,

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Speaker 1: so they live underground and despite looking like large worms,

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Speaker 1: their diet is typically made up of worms. So I

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Speaker 1: guess you are what you eat, although yeah, I don't know.

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Speaker 1: It's like I'm trying to imagine like these sicilians, which

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Speaker 1: are basically like big worms, just eating a small worm.

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Speaker 1: It feels wrong in a way, even though I know

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Speaker 1: it's right. Anyways. The Sicilian species buller and Jewela titana uh,

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Speaker 1: found in southeast Kenya, is a grayish blue worm like animal.

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Speaker 1: It's an amphibian of course, with segmented rings kind of

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Speaker 1: like I don't know if there's any dune fans out there,

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Speaker 1: but it kind of looks like a dune worm but small.

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Speaker 1: It's it's pretty small, um, you know. It's it's like

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Speaker 1: it looks like an overgrown earthworm. And female els lay

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Speaker 1: eggs but they have a special trick when it comes

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Speaker 1: to childcare. She grows a special layer of fatty, nutritious skin. Uh,

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Speaker 1: and then it allows its offspring to nibble this skin.

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Speaker 1: So it's like, it's always fascinating to me when animals

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Speaker 1: like of course, mammals have lactation, right, we feed our

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Speaker 1: young through memory glands that produce milk. But mammals are

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Speaker 1: not the only ones that like produce some kind of

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Speaker 1: bodily affluence that we feed our young. Uh. The Sicilian

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Speaker 1: literally feeds it like mom jerky, jerky made out of

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Speaker 1: the mother. Uh that it basically the young can just

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Speaker 1: kind of peel off full chunks of it and nibble

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Speaker 1: on it and it gives them nutrition. Of course, there's

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Speaker 1: like birds that have developed crop milk where they uh

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Speaker 1: you know, create this sort of fatty, lipid rich slurry

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Speaker 1: and their crop and regurgitated for their young. So uh.

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Speaker 1: And some animals, like certain spiders, we'll just let their

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Speaker 1: young eat them oh once they hatch. So you know, gosh,

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Speaker 1: the love of a mother, I don't know, I mean,

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Speaker 1: I you know, I feel like I have a maternal instinct.

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Speaker 1: I'm not sure if I had little baby eat my

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Speaker 1: skin just gonna put that out there. Well, that is

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Speaker 1: it for a listener questions. But of course we have

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Speaker 1: to do the Mystery Animals sound game. Now. I'm sorry

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Speaker 1: to say there is no new Mystery animal sounded this week. Um.

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Speaker 1: I will reveal the answer to last week's Mry animals

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Speaker 1: sound actually next week. But hey, that just gives you

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Speaker 1: an extra week to try and guess last week's Mr

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00:27:39,920 --> 00:27:43,520
Speaker 1: Animal sound. But here is a refresher for what that

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00:27:43,640 --> 00:27:46,920
Speaker 1: was if in case you missed it. Last week's hint

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Speaker 1: was this the Sharks and the Jets are about to

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Speaker 1: have a showdown. They really ought to calm down. Uh.

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Speaker 1: So that that there's that. Uh here's another hint. It's

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Speaker 1: not aliens. But if you think you know who's squawking

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Speaker 1: right to me at Creature Feature Pod at gmail dot com.

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00:28:21,640 --> 00:28:24,320
Speaker 1: You can also write your animal questions again. I will

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00:28:24,359 --> 00:28:27,840
Speaker 1: try to answer them either right back to you or hey,

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00:28:27,920 --> 00:28:32,040
Speaker 1: even answer them on the podcast. Thank you guys so

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00:28:32,240 --> 00:28:35,280
Speaker 1: much for listening. I really appreciate it. I hope you

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00:28:35,400 --> 00:28:38,920
Speaker 1: like these listener Questions episodes. It really helps me out because,

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Speaker 1: first of all, I really enjoy seeing your questions. It

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00:28:41,520 --> 00:28:44,120
Speaker 1: often sends me down on a research rabbit hole, so

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Speaker 1: I love that, but also it's it's a little bit chill,

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00:28:47,240 --> 00:28:49,520
Speaker 1: it's a little laid back. It gives me a little

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00:28:49,520 --> 00:28:52,680
Speaker 1: breather while also being able to talk to you guys

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00:28:52,720 --> 00:28:56,160
Speaker 1: like directly, which I love. Um. So yeah, thank you

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00:28:56,240 --> 00:28:59,200
Speaker 1: so much for listening. And if you're enjoying the show

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00:28:59,200 --> 00:29:02,200
Speaker 1: and you leave a rating and review, I am super

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00:29:02,200 --> 00:29:04,600
Speaker 1: super grateful for every one of you have done that.

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Speaker 1: It helps the show out immensely, and of course, like

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Speaker 1: when I read the reviews, it makes me feel happy.

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Speaker 1: It makes me feel like I am talking to people

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Speaker 1: and not sending my voice out into the void, which

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Speaker 1: you know, I guess the void is fine too, Hi void. Anyways,

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00:29:20,200 --> 00:29:23,040
Speaker 1: thanks to the space Cossacks where they're super awesome. Song

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Speaker 1: Exo Alumina Creature Feature is a production of I Heart Radio.

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Speaker 1: For more podcasts like the one you just heard, visit

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00:29:29,760 --> 00:29:32,280
Speaker 1: the I Heart Radio app, Apple podcast or Hey guess

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00:29:32,280 --> 00:29:35,040
Speaker 1: what alright, listen to your favorite shows. I'm gonna judge

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00:29:35,040 --> 00:29:38,600
Speaker 1: you not in your that is your business. I will

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Speaker 1: stick out of your business. See you next Wednesday.