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Speaker 1: Hello, and welcome to Favorit production of I Heart Radio.

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Speaker 1: I'm Anne Reese and I'm Lauren Vogelbaum, and today we

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Speaker 1: have a classic episode for you about space, food, foods

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Speaker 1: and space. You have to say it that way, it's

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Speaker 1: legally required you do. Thank you for acknowledging that that

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Speaker 1: important by law. Annie. Yes, I'm just looking out. I'm

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Speaker 1: just looking out, uh yeah, to peek behind the curtain. Um. Before,

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Speaker 1: since we are recording separately in our home studios, we

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Speaker 1: do countdowns so we can sink up the audio later.

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Speaker 1: And it does always make me think of launching into

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Speaker 1: space because um. But also when I first started, everybody

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Speaker 1: has like their preferences on clapping and like starting, and

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Speaker 1: I remember I think it was Bryant from Stuff you

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Speaker 1: should know. Maybe not somebody was like, I don't like

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Speaker 1: a countdown. I'm not a rocket. It just stuck with

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Speaker 1: me to this day. It took me. It took me

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Speaker 1: a solid like eight or nine months to stop like

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Speaker 1: giggling about like are you ready for the clap um

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Speaker 1: because I'm very mature, yes, yes, yes, unrelated. So this

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Speaker 1: episode originally published back in October and focused mostly on

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Speaker 1: the the the history of foods in space, which has

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Speaker 1: mostly been UM highly packaged things, very processed things that

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Speaker 1: have been able to withstand the rigors of of space

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Speaker 1: travel UM and the specific weirdnesses that go along with it. UM.

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Speaker 1: But over the past couple of years there have been

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Speaker 1: UM some really interesting experiments about getting more fresh foods

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Speaker 1: into space. For example, there have been experiments on the

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Speaker 1: I S S the International Space Station to grow edible

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Speaker 1: plants in space. So far radishes, lettuces, cabbage, mustard, and

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Speaker 1: koe nice right good space salads. Also recent news UM.

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Speaker 1: In order to help out with that, or related to

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Speaker 1: helping out with that, I guess I should say UM.

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Speaker 1: Several species of bacteria have been found on the I

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Speaker 1: S S, including a few previously unrecorded UH species UM

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Speaker 1: that have been classified within the Methylobacterium genus, which here

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Speaker 1: on Earth do important things like help plants get nitrogen

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Speaker 1: out of the air and into like a plant usable form.

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Speaker 1: So that's cool and not the horror show that Annie

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Speaker 1: assumed it was going to be when she read that headline,

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Speaker 1: How did you know that you know me so well?

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Speaker 1: I think it's because you said it out loud, But

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Speaker 1: that could be it. That could be But but also

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Speaker 1: I do. I do just know you pretty well. And yeah,

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Speaker 1: when someone says undiscovered bacteria on the space station, like,

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Speaker 1: I know where your brain is gonna go, Like it

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Speaker 1: seems like the obvious conclusion. I see you and your

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Speaker 1: horror movie habit, I I understand. Um. Um. Also in

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Speaker 1: January of this year, NASA and the CISA, the Canadian

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Speaker 1: Space Agency launched uh. They launched so I'm sorry, UM

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Speaker 1: I wrote it and then I was like, oh, well,

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Speaker 1: hang out with you too much? Um. Now they launched

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Speaker 1: a program called the Deep Space Food Challenge UM, which

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Speaker 1: aims to encourage the development of food production technologies that

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Speaker 1: can help like a create tasty food with a minimum

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Speaker 1: of resources and waste to help feed a crew of

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Speaker 1: four astronauts on a three year round trip mission with

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Speaker 1: no resupply UM, and be uh like, do the same

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Speaker 1: thing here on Earth for populations that also don't have

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Speaker 1: good access to fresh foods right now. So yeah, it's

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Speaker 1: a pretty exciting project. UM. There's up to five hundred

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Speaker 1: thousand dollars and prizes here in the United States, and

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Speaker 1: Canada is offering prizes for their national entries to international

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Speaker 1: teams are also welcome to participate, but not for cash prizes,

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Speaker 1: I guess, and registration is still open. It is open

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Speaker 1: through May. So um. If you have an idea for

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Speaker 1: food and space and the technology with which to produce it,

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Speaker 1: go check it out Deep Space Food Challenge. Yeah, Deep

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Speaker 1: Space Food Challenge. I love it. I love it, and

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Speaker 1: definitely report back if you do. Oh my goodness, report

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Speaker 1: back if you do. Yeah. But in the meantime, I

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Speaker 1: guess we should let past Annie and Lauren take it away. Yes, yes, hello,

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Speaker 1: and welcome to food Stuff. I'm any Eares and I'm

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Speaker 1: Lauren Vogelbaum. And this is our episode of food Stuff

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Speaker 1: in Space. That's really high tech sound effects, only the

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Speaker 1: best food. So there's a lot to talk about here. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: get right into it. What is space food? It's food

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Speaker 1: for space travel. Yeah. And as we all learned in

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Speaker 1: the Simpsons episode Deep Space Homer, in which Homer Simpson

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Speaker 1: let's potato chips and then ants loose in a spacecraft,

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Speaker 1: you've got to take some special considerations before you take

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Speaker 1: food into space because the equipment up there is you know,

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Speaker 1: kind of delicate, and any kind of loose particles or

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Speaker 1: drops of liquid could just seriously muck things up in

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Speaker 1: the near zero gravity of orbit. And yes, I said

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Speaker 1: near zero gravity, it's not really zero gravity. There's always

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Speaker 1: gravity kind of kicking around. So a technical point, but

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Speaker 1: an important one because of science. Yes, So you've got

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Speaker 1: to give astronauts food that's well contained, you know, like

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Speaker 1: tortillas instead of bread to reduce crumbs. Things that are

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Speaker 1: sticky or what enough to not float out of their

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Speaker 1: containers or off of a utensil. Uh, stuff like scrambled

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Speaker 1: eggs or stews, or oatmeal seasoned with salt that's dissolved

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Speaker 1: in water, and pepper that's suspended in oil. Oh yeah. Um.

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Speaker 1: It's also got to be shelf stable because refrigeration systems

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Speaker 1: for food are generally considered too bulky or difficult or

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Speaker 1: energy consuming. It helps if the food is dehydrated and

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Speaker 1: therefore lightweight, because the cost per pound of sending stuff

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Speaker 1: into space is uh well hefty yeah pun intended, huh uh.

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Speaker 1: And modernly most water in space comes from reclaimed, recycled

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Speaker 1: sources instead of from supply runs. Also, you have to

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Speaker 1: make really like really sure that none of the packaging

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Speaker 1: or utensils or heating elements involved with your food might

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Speaker 1: create a spark that could start a fire. Uh, and

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Speaker 1: they want puncture any equipment. Don't want any of that.

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Speaker 1: And furthermore, the food has to be, you know, like

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Speaker 1: not so boring or so gross that the highly trained

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Speaker 1: scientists and flight specialists wind up starving themselves. Yeah, you

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Speaker 1: don't want that either. For travel to the International Space Station,

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Speaker 1: five months before emission, crew members do a taste test

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Speaker 1: of twenty to thirty things, ranking taste, texture, smell, appearance,

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Speaker 1: in color on a scale of one to nine, and

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Speaker 1: to make the cut of food needs to score a

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Speaker 1: six or higher. They can request some of their faith

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Speaker 1: at foods from home, and researchers will do what they

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Speaker 1: can to comply. For example, for Canadian Chris had Fields stay,

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Speaker 1: they added to the menu duck roulette and candied smoked salmon,

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Speaker 1: wild cought even and maple syrup cream cookies. Well, that

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Speaker 1: sounds delicious. Dietitians have to balance the need of space

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Speaker 1: as well. For instance, astronauts need calcium and vitamin D

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Speaker 1: for good bone health in a witless almost weightless environment,

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Speaker 1: but um and the less iron because you're making less

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Speaker 1: red blood cells in space. Space travel and the need

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Speaker 1: to feed astronauts in space has fueled a lot of

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Speaker 1: food and food processing innovations like thermostabilized our heat processed

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Speaker 1: foods that can come in cans or pouches, rehydratable foods

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Speaker 1: like soups or castroles, and your radiated meat. The the

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Speaker 1: irradiated means that it won't spoil, not that it's like Godzilla. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: that's what I thought at first, that would not be good.

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Speaker 1: It generally takes about thirty minutes to pre era to

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Speaker 1: like reconstitute and heat a space meal. Um, and a

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Speaker 1: lot of these innovations like freeze dried food went on

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Speaker 1: to become available to your you know, every day non

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Speaker 1: astronaut consumer like Lauren and I. We could, we could

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Speaker 1: probably do a whole other episode on like the technological

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Speaker 1: innovations from the space program that have benefited the food

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Speaker 1: industry earth side. Yeah, but that day is not today. Nope,

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Speaker 1: today is space side. I don't know if that makes sense,

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Speaker 1: but we're moving on with it. Current astronauts on the

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Speaker 1: International Space Station eat three meals and one snack per day.

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Speaker 1: The Johnson Space Centers Space Food Systems Laboratory comes up

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Speaker 1: with these menus for American astronauts, while the Russian Federal

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Speaker 1: Space Agency does the same for its cosmonauts. Most of

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Speaker 1: these meals are the just add water variety, similar to

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Speaker 1: the military's m R. E's. Some package foods a lot

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Speaker 1: of us are more familiar with make their way up

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Speaker 1: to space as well, like almonds or drinks. The draws

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Speaker 1: a lot cuprey son, which is what I thought of anyway.

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Speaker 1: UM food packages come with velcro, so astronauts can stick

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Speaker 1: to the velico steps on the galley table and it

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Speaker 1: won't float away. That'd be sad. I would be so

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Speaker 1: cross with my snack if it floated away. Astronauts uh

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Speaker 1: and costnots and etcetera also do sometimes receive fresh fruit

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Speaker 1: and vegetables from supply missions and care packages from family UM,

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Speaker 1: and these are serious treats. It's hard to to nail

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Speaker 1: down a finite cost of sending stuff to space because

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Speaker 1: there's so many factors that go into it. But you

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Speaker 1: can divide the cost of each launch by the weight

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Speaker 1: of the cargo each craft can carry to get a

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Speaker 1: kind of rough idea. Uh So, so you know that

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Speaker 1: the cost will differ depend on the type of craft

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Speaker 1: being used. But the low end of the range is

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Speaker 1: nine thousand dollars per pound of food. Well, that's the

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Speaker 1: low end. Huh yeah yeah, and and a pound equals

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Speaker 1: about half a kilo UM for for our metric friend,

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Speaker 1: um that the high end. The high end is over

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Speaker 1: forty three thousand dollars per pound, no boy, which means

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Speaker 1: that sending a single fresh lemon to space can cost

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Speaker 1: about ten grand. I would enjoy that lemon so much though, right,

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Speaker 1: cocktails in space, So actually we've got a segment on

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Speaker 1: that later. Um. The total food eaten by astronauts, yes,

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Speaker 1: on average, each gets about three point eight pounds including

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Speaker 1: the packaging. They probably don't eat the packaging per day um,

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Speaker 1: which equals out to about uh somewhere between nineteen hundred

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Speaker 1: and thirty two hundred calories, depending on the person's specific

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Speaker 1: needs and the food items that have been sent to space.

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Speaker 1: The most are M and M's with over one thirty

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Speaker 1: chips since nine one, but they call them chocolate coated candies.

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Speaker 1: I think something like that, followed by a high tech

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Speaker 1: food trade that could heat itself and came with a

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Speaker 1: collapsible bottle called the sky Lab Food System. And coming

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Speaker 1: in third is the iconic astronaut powdered drink makes tang yes,

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Speaker 1: courtesy of the dry cabin decreased sense of smell unless

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Speaker 1: your atmosphere space. Human ability to taste is lowered by

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Speaker 1: thirty in space, which is why foods loaded up with

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Speaker 1: spices have been and are some of the most popular.

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Speaker 1: Apparently shrimp cocktail is just white. No, that kept coming up. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: Part of what's going on here, not with a shrimp cocktail,

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Speaker 1: but with your your face is that in near zero

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Speaker 1: gravity that the blood that your heart is trained to

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Speaker 1: work really hard at pulling up from your legs tends

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Speaker 1: to kind of accumulate in your head more than it

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Speaker 1: usually would, which means that your sciences get kind of

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Speaker 1: swollen and your nose stuffs up. Another part is that

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Speaker 1: sense don't waft the same way in near zero gravity. Also,

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Speaker 1: freeze drying foods can destroy some of the compounds that

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Speaker 1: create sent in flavor. So you've got that to contend with. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and of course you've got to have water. As of

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Speaker 1: the I s SH International Space Station, if we haven't

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Speaker 1: said that previously, I'm not sure. Anyway, carried about two

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Speaker 1: thousand liters a little bit over five gallons of water,

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Speaker 1: but also reclaimed and recycled as much as of the

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Speaker 1: water used by its astronauts. Uh. The station collects the

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Speaker 1: condensation from breath and sweat and the runoff from showers,

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Speaker 1: and on the American side of the station they even

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Speaker 1: collect urine from astronauts and lab animals. Um. That all

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Speaker 1: gets filtered so that it winds up being cleaner than

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Speaker 1: most of what we drink here on Earth. One thing

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Speaker 1: that the Russians and Americans have classically disagreed on is

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Speaker 1: how best to filter all of that recycled water. And

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Speaker 1: they flat out refuse the yarine thing. They're like, Nope,

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Speaker 1: that's gross, you're terrible. Um. But but but the filtering

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Speaker 1: gets done. And of course water isn't the only thing

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Speaker 1: available to drink on the space station. Stuff like coffee, tea,

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Speaker 1: and juice usually come in powdered form and then are

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Speaker 1: reconstituted the ever important coffee. Oh yeah, Oh, there's a

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Speaker 1: whole bit about that later too. Uh, And we're going

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Speaker 1: to get to that kind of so, but first let's

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Speaker 1: get to a quick break for a word from our sponsor.

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Speaker 1: And we're back. Thank you sponsor, Yes, thank you. So

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Speaker 1: let's talk a bit about the origins of space food

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Speaker 1: space food goes back about as far as the US

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Speaker 1: and Russian space programs of the nineteen sixties. Oh, we're

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Speaker 1: not going to talk about ancient Romans. Pliny didn't have

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Speaker 1: anything to say about it. I know plenty. Come on,

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Speaker 1: we're not going to mention Christopher Columbus this whole episode,

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Speaker 1: except I just did. Oh oh yeah, Okay. Obviously, if

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Speaker 1: you're going to send people to space for more than

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Speaker 1: a few hours, you're gonna have to feed them somehow.

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Speaker 1: In addressing this, NASA developed a program called the Hazard

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Speaker 1: Analysis Critical Control Point or h a c c P,

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Speaker 1: and the purpose of a a c c P was

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Speaker 1: to prevent food safety issues by employing a seven steps

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Speaker 1: science space system when preparing food, and this system is

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Speaker 1: now a requirement in the US for all meat, seafood, poultry,

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Speaker 1: and juice processors. By the way, the first meal ever

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Speaker 1: eaten in space was by the Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin

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Speaker 1: in April of nineteen sixty one, and it consisted of

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Speaker 1: a tube of beef and liver paste and then a

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Speaker 1: tube of chocolate sauce for dessert. You've got to have dessert,

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Speaker 1: you did even in space. Um, the Friendship seven. In

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Speaker 1: nineteen sixty two, John Glenn became the first American to

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Speaker 1: eat in space, and the historic first food he consumed

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Speaker 1: was apple sauce. Yeah, and period beef and vegetables, both

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Speaker 1: squeezed appetizingly out of aluminum tubes sort of like a

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Speaker 1: little toothpaste tube share sucked up through a straw that

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Speaker 1: fit into a porthole in Glenn's helmet. A nineteen sixty

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Speaker 1: two New York Times article documented what seems like every

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Speaker 1: detail extensively, including the exact time he started in on

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Speaker 1: his first tube, and the food was described thusly. His

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Speaker 1: two course meal consisted of a beef vegetable mixture and

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Speaker 1: apple sauce. His squeeze food was semi solid, which means

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Speaker 1: it was pretty much like baby food, but with adult

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Speaker 1: seasoning okay and sugar added, and with the flexible to

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Speaker 1: and nozzle. Colonel Glenn did not run into the exasperation

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Speaker 1: of catchup bottleneck, for who among us has not struggled

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Speaker 1: but catch up bottleneck. The aluminum tube was developed by

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Speaker 1: the American Canned Company Container Scientist. These tubes have been

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Speaker 1: developed by the company in the nineteen forties for World

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Speaker 1: War two fighter pilots. All this stuff was and would

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Speaker 1: continue to be, based on military survival rations. It was

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Speaker 1: kind of crazy frontier science. Though. One of Glenn's missions

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Speaker 1: while he was up there was to see whether he

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Speaker 1: could sip water. What if he couldn't have he could,

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Speaker 1: but he got it. It would have been a sad

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Speaker 1: day for space travel. Oh my goodness, talent you um.

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Speaker 1: He His flight also marked the first leftovers in space,

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Speaker 1: a tube of spaghetti that he chose not to eat.

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Speaker 1: I wonder why, I don't know. A year earlier, in

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Speaker 1: nineteen sixty one, Whirlpool Whirlpool Corporation, Yes that Whirlpool, showed

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Speaker 1: off their space kitchen at a convention. This thing was

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Speaker 1: a compact ten by seven point five foot cylinder or

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Speaker 1: three by two meters, and it had a refrigerator, freezer disposal,

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Speaker 1: and water system made to last the food and drink

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Speaker 1: needs for fourteen day mission. They fulfilled over three hundred

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Speaker 1: contracts with their space kitchen from nineteen fifty seven to

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Speaker 1: nineteen seventy three. Okay, yeah. In nineteen sixty three, a

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Speaker 1: scientist named Sydney A. Schwartz came up with an idea

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Speaker 1: of making space capsules either entirely or partly out of

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Speaker 1: edible materials. Okay, Willy Wonka scene, all right, yep, it

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Speaker 1: was a spacecraft made out of food. A Newsweek article

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Speaker 1: out of that year purports that he came up with

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Speaker 1: a recipe of five dollars worth of groceries like cornstarch, flour,

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Speaker 1: banana flakes, hominy, powdered milk that could be baked up

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Speaker 1: in a four degree hydraulic press with three thousand pounds

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Speaker 1: of pressure, and the result was a slab that didn't

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Speaker 1: splinter when drilled into or solid and for space travel.

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Speaker 1: Shorts suggested it as a cheap material for things like cabinets,

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Speaker 1: and yes, you could eat it. You um, you just

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Speaker 1: added water after you've ground up the slab in the powder.

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Speaker 1: Shwortz claimed it tasted like banana topped cereal. Interesting idea.

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Speaker 1: I like the creativity. That's great. Yeah, Well, moving on

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Speaker 1: from edible spacecraft, that's the ultimate space food. For the

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Speaker 1: mid sixties Jim and I Apollo and Mercury missions, astronauts

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Speaker 1: were given dehydrated and freeze dried cubes along with the tubes.

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Speaker 1: These bite sized cubes were meant to provide an eating

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Speaker 1: experience closer to Earth's and they came coated in in

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Speaker 1: edible film that kept crumbs, those troublesome crumbs from floating

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Speaker 1: about and mucking things up. And they came with nozzles

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Speaker 1: at the edge of the pouch and instructions on how

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Speaker 1: much water you needed to rehydrate. In nineteen sixty four

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Speaker 1: Los Angeles Times articled detailed some of the complications and

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Speaker 1: necessities for designing food for space. No carbonation because at

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Speaker 1: low pressure and high altitudes gas expands into your belly.

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Speaker 1: The whole crumb issue getting the right balance of nutrients.

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Speaker 1: The general girl at the time was sevent protein, carbon, hydrates,

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Speaker 1: and fat, and of the moisture was removed to reduce

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Speaker 1: weight and prevent sooiliage. There was also transport and space

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Speaker 1: constraints along with the balancing of the psychological need to eat,

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Speaker 1: as the article described it, that's one of the reasons

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Speaker 1: the idea of food and pill form was rejected and

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Speaker 1: the food didn't taste great. The first astronaut to try

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Speaker 1: the freeze dried stuff, Gordon Cooper, only eight six of

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Speaker 1: his two thousand, three sixty nine calories for a thirty

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Speaker 1: four hour mission. Who and all the astronauts of the

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Speaker 1: nineteen sixty three Mercury mission returned with uneaten food. The

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Speaker 1: Soviets developed a wider menu a little bit more quickly

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Speaker 1: than Americans, although they stuck largely with the tube delivery

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Speaker 1: system UM. They expanded to thirty options thirty of tubes

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Speaker 1: in those early years, and and also offered um some other,

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Speaker 1: some other actual kind of solid food, rolls that could

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Speaker 1: be eaten in a single bite, pieces of salami, and

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Speaker 1: drinks like berry juice and beet juice. By the time

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Speaker 1: the nineteen six five Gemini mission rolled around, they were

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Speaker 1: given more variety the American anyway. From that same Los

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Speaker 1: Angeles Times article, the two thousand calorie four meal a

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Speaker 1: day sample menu might look something like this meal a

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Speaker 1: sugar frosted flakes, sausage patties, toast squares and orange grapefruit juice, meal, bee, tuna, salad, cheese, sandwiches,

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Speaker 1: apricot pudding and grape juice. You'll see beef, pot rose,

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Speaker 1: carrots and cream, sauce, toasted bread cubes, pineapple cubes and

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Speaker 1: tea and meal d potato, soup, chicken bits, squares, apple sauce, brownies,

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Speaker 1: and grape fruit juice grapefruit juice near twice popular. The

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Speaker 1: astronauts injected the pouches with water from the water gun

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Speaker 1: and needed it to the proper consistency, cut open the

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Speaker 1: pouch to get to a plastic tube for squeezing out

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Speaker 1: the food, and then once finished, sealed it again with

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Speaker 1: a tablet inside that prevented rotting. You really didn't want that.

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Speaker 1: Each meal came with two sticks of gum and a

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Speaker 1: towel soaked with an antibacterial substance. Yes, these packages could

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Speaker 1: last two years at least. And then John W. Young

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Speaker 1: snuck a corned beef sandwich aboard the GYMNI three in

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Speaker 1: n first sandwich in space yep, and it necessitated a

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Speaker 1: mandatory astronaut inventory before each mission. Mannessa was so displeased

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Speaker 1: about it. They were really were They were not entertained. Nope.

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Speaker 1: The apollomissions um, the first one to line on the Moon,

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Speaker 1: saw even greater leaps in terms of taste of space food.

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Speaker 1: The new space amenity hot water made rehydrating foods easier

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Speaker 1: and faster, and then improved the flavor. Sure, hot hot

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Speaker 1: foods are hot sometimes, yeah, which is awesome. Another innovation

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Speaker 1: was the spoon bowl, which is what it sounds like.

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Speaker 1: The food stuck to the spoon thanks to the moisture

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Speaker 1: left over from rehydration. That's cool. Wet packs aluminium or

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Speaker 1: plastic pouches that kept food moist and didn't require rehydration

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Speaker 1: were introduced as well, and then a follow seven. This

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Speaker 1: is the mission with perhaps one of the most famous

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Speaker 1: space foods astronaut ice cream, freeze dried ice cream. Yes, yes,

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Speaker 1: it was a crew request of the Night mission, but

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Speaker 1: freeze dried ice cream only made one trip to space.

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Speaker 1: Why m hmm, because most of the crew didn't like it.

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Speaker 1: The texture was all around, the taste kind of flaw.

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Speaker 1: They said it was like styrofoam. I mean it was.

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Speaker 1: It wasn't like ice cream at all. But it's great.

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Speaker 1: As a kid, I loved this stuff so much. I

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Speaker 1: haven't had it in like decades, but I'm not sure

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Speaker 1: i've ever had it. Is diffing dots? Is that what

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Speaker 1: that is? No? Okay, well then that's what I've had.

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Speaker 1: I haven't had the I've seen it. It's like a

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Speaker 1: block of Neapolitan ice cream. Okay, we'll have to get some. Okay,

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Speaker 1: I'm down. The crew of Apollo eight enjoyed thermos stabilized

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Speaker 1: turkey and gravy, cranberry sauce and fruitcake on Christmas Eve

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Speaker 1: nineteen sixty eight as they orbited around the Moon. What

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Speaker 1: a great great view while you have your turkey, thermos

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Speaker 1: stabilized turkey, all the comforts of home. I know. The

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Speaker 1: beloved bacon square was the first food item consumed on

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Speaker 1: the Moon in nineteen sixty nine, and moon diets had

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Speaker 1: to be high in potassium to prevent any irregularities and

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Speaker 1: heart rhythm. I don't know if the bacon cue helped

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Speaker 1: with that, but perhaps it did. The first Russian cosmonauts

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Speaker 1: had food options, harkening back to the first American missions, mostly,

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Speaker 1: like Lawrence said, out of tubes. Mr dried on later missions.

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Speaker 1: In nineteen one, a Russian cosmonauts celebrated the birthday of

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Speaker 1: Victor Pots with tubes of prune paste and a smuggled

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Speaker 1: lemon and onion. What a birthday more smuggling, I know.

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Speaker 1: Apollo eleven introduced a contingency feeding system of liquids eaten

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Speaker 1: through an opening in the helmet should the cabin become depressurized. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: a canteen that granted astronauts um of drinking water. I wrote,

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Speaker 1: granted of drinking water while working on the Moon was

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Speaker 1: added to the space suits for a follow thirteen and

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Speaker 1: Apollo fifteen moonwalkers were given africat bars to tide them

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Speaker 1: over a while on the lunar surface. This was also

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Speaker 1: the first mission that had no leftovers props to them.

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Speaker 1: Before Apollo, the average weight loss per astronaut was three

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Speaker 1: to four pounds, sometimes up to ten pounds, although that

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Speaker 1: doesn't just have to do with with a lack of

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Speaker 1: food intake. Of course, the muscle wasting. They hadn't quite

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Speaker 1: figured out how to how to combat that or even

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Speaker 1: what was going on at that point yet. Um As

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Speaker 1: of nineteen nine, though, NASA's space food still left a

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Speaker 1: little bit of something to be desired. After living on

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Speaker 1: Apollo programmed food for three days, NASA Spacecraft project manager

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Speaker 1: Don Arabian reported that he had quote lost the will

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Speaker 1: to live and that the sausage patties tasted like granulated rubber.

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Speaker 1: That doesn't sound like something I would enjoy either, But

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Speaker 1: more innovations were coming. Yes. The next big thing in

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Speaker 1: space food occurred with the nineteen seventy three Skylab mission,

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Speaker 1: which came with a designated dining area, so astronauts could

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Speaker 1: sit down thanks to foot straps, at a table and eat,

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00:26:35,640 --> 00:26:38,760
Speaker 1: and with the help of solar powered cells, Skylab was

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Speaker 1: the first to have a freezer and refrigeration. This meant

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Speaker 1: more choice for the astronauts seventy two more choices. In fact,

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Speaker 1: warming trays debut on this mission. To These trays could

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Speaker 1: be attached via vel grow to the astronauts lab or

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Speaker 1: to the wall, and they allowed for eating several things

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Speaker 1: at once without the tray, and opened pouch had to

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Speaker 1: be finished off before you could open an other one.

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00:27:01,160 --> 00:27:03,959
Speaker 1: Astronauts could even design their own menu as long as

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Speaker 1: it met the requirements of a dietitian, and liquid salt

417
00:27:07,600 --> 00:27:10,920
Speaker 1: and pepper were introduced on this mission. The standard menu

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00:27:11,080 --> 00:27:14,800
Speaker 1: cycled every seven days, and setting up a meal at

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00:27:14,800 --> 00:27:19,000
Speaker 1: this time took thirty minutes. Sky Lab also had a

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Speaker 1: pantry with an extra two thousand, one hundred calories for

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Speaker 1: two days for each person in the case of bad

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Speaker 1: weather or another event that unexpectedly extended the mission. There's

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Speaker 1: also a backup with enough food to last the crew

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Speaker 1: for three weeks, called the safe Haven system. During the

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Speaker 1: American Soviet mission of nineteen seventy five astronauts eight things

426
00:27:41,240 --> 00:27:47,880
Speaker 1: like jellied beef, tongue, borshed and caviare. And then in Nive,

427
00:27:48,359 --> 00:27:51,600
Speaker 1: a Mexican payload specialist by the name of Faldo nari

428
00:27:51,680 --> 00:27:55,879
Speaker 1: Vela introduced a serious innovation to his fellow NASA Space

429
00:27:55,880 --> 00:28:00,800
Speaker 1: Shuttle astronauts, the flower tortilla. What after he requested them

430
00:28:00,840 --> 00:28:02,399
Speaker 1: for his mission and they were a hit with the

431
00:28:02,400 --> 00:28:06,240
Speaker 1: other astronauts. NASA set to developing a more long lasting

432
00:28:06,720 --> 00:28:08,760
Speaker 1: version of the tortilla, you know, so things could be

433
00:28:08,800 --> 00:28:11,560
Speaker 1: shelf stable for a few months. Um. They wound up

434
00:28:11,640 --> 00:28:14,520
Speaker 1: using tortillas from a manufacturer that sells to Taco Bell,

435
00:28:15,000 --> 00:28:17,919
Speaker 1: which had come out with a twelve month shelf stable

436
00:28:17,920 --> 00:28:20,760
Speaker 1: product in the nineteen nineties. Um, though they say that

437
00:28:20,800 --> 00:28:24,720
Speaker 1: they do use fresh tortillas for short missions. Astronauts Sandra

438
00:28:25,000 --> 00:28:27,800
Speaker 1: Magnus wrote in two thousand eight, I cannot think of

439
00:28:27,840 --> 00:28:30,680
Speaker 1: anything that cannot be put on a tortilla or has

440
00:28:30,720 --> 00:28:33,119
Speaker 1: not been put on a tortilla. You really want to

441
00:28:33,119 --> 00:28:38,320
Speaker 1: be swimming in tortillas for your whole increment? Wow, passionate

442
00:28:38,320 --> 00:28:43,280
Speaker 1: feelings about tortillas in space I understand as the duration

443
00:28:43,320 --> 00:28:47,719
Speaker 1: of missions lengthened. New packaging was developed, a trash compactor

444
00:28:47,840 --> 00:28:52,040
Speaker 1: was developed. Yeah in the galley was redesigned, and the

445
00:28:52,120 --> 00:28:56,360
Speaker 1: electronics updated. Both the weight and volume were reduced. Coca

446
00:28:56,440 --> 00:28:59,760
Speaker 1: Cola experimented with ways to get the perfect carbonated beverage

447
00:28:59,760 --> 00:29:03,000
Speaker 1: in space, despite that whole weird gas expansion thing um

448
00:29:03,040 --> 00:29:06,200
Speaker 1: on space Shuttle missions in the eighties and nineties, sending

449
00:29:06,320 --> 00:29:10,360
Speaker 1: space cans and a soda fountain. They haven't quite got

450
00:29:10,400 --> 00:29:13,160
Speaker 1: it right yet, though. The carbon dioxide bubbles and stuff

451
00:29:13,200 --> 00:29:17,680
Speaker 1: like SODA's mixed randomly with the surrounding liquid when it's

452
00:29:17,680 --> 00:29:20,760
Speaker 1: in space, meaning that they're usually more like foam than

453
00:29:20,800 --> 00:29:25,200
Speaker 1: they are drink And unfortunately, even if you can get

454
00:29:25,240 --> 00:29:29,040
Speaker 1: it right and you know, like drink it, carbonation really

455
00:29:29,120 --> 00:29:32,520
Speaker 1: isn't cool in near zero gravity. Um On on Earth,

456
00:29:32,720 --> 00:29:35,600
Speaker 1: gravity draws the liquid in a coke or you know,

457
00:29:35,640 --> 00:29:37,880
Speaker 1: like a beer or whatever, to the bottom of your stomach,

458
00:29:37,920 --> 00:29:40,560
Speaker 1: while the carbon dioxide gases will rise to the top

459
00:29:41,000 --> 00:29:43,960
Speaker 1: and come out in burps. In in low gravity, though,

460
00:29:44,080 --> 00:29:48,040
Speaker 1: the liquid in the air mix and your burps come

461
00:29:48,080 --> 00:29:54,360
Speaker 1: out wet, oh or the gases pass into your digestive system,

462
00:29:54,360 --> 00:29:58,320
Speaker 1: which might cause adverse effects. Neither of which I'm not

463
00:29:58,360 --> 00:30:02,280
Speaker 1: even sure which one I want less, I'll take neither. Yes,

464
00:30:02,480 --> 00:30:07,000
Speaker 1: thank you neither for the wind. Nowadays, the category of

465
00:30:07,040 --> 00:30:10,880
Speaker 1: space food has expanded so much. From period paste squeezed

466
00:30:10,920 --> 00:30:14,920
Speaker 1: from tubes. For each six months spent on I S S,

467
00:30:14,960 --> 00:30:18,280
Speaker 1: crew members get to choose in nine preference containers. I

468
00:30:18,320 --> 00:30:20,920
Speaker 1: like the sound of that, from a main menu of

469
00:30:21,000 --> 00:30:25,360
Speaker 1: over two items. Those items run the gambit from Japanese takeout,

470
00:30:25,400 --> 00:30:30,720
Speaker 1: Swedish meatballs, tortillas, space kimchi, and the ever popular shrimp cocktail.

471
00:30:31,600 --> 00:30:35,720
Speaker 1: NASA has sixty thermo stabilized foods and fifty freeze dried

472
00:30:35,720 --> 00:30:39,560
Speaker 1: products under their belt, and famous chefs like Emerald Lagassi

473
00:30:39,680 --> 00:30:43,200
Speaker 1: have helped create some space food recipes. On Holiday's crew

474
00:30:43,240 --> 00:30:46,000
Speaker 1: has allowed special request and they get special treat packages

475
00:30:46,080 --> 00:30:53,400
Speaker 1: and by friends or families called psychological support kits. Charles

476
00:30:52,520 --> 00:30:57,480
Speaker 1: Simionium paid sixty million for two visits to the I

477
00:30:57,720 --> 00:31:00,280
Speaker 1: S S and two thousand six two thousand seven. He's

478
00:31:00,320 --> 00:31:03,040
Speaker 1: a rich software guy fy I, and he brought with

479
00:31:03,120 --> 00:31:08,280
Speaker 1: him m duck breast quail and Similina cake prepared by

480
00:31:08,280 --> 00:31:12,400
Speaker 1: Elaine Ducas. That's probably the fanciest meal consumed in space

481
00:31:12,440 --> 00:31:18,800
Speaker 1: to date, and an unmanned resupply rocket carrying six pounds

482
00:31:18,840 --> 00:31:21,600
Speaker 1: of equipment in one thousand, three hundred sixty pounds of

483
00:31:21,600 --> 00:31:26,280
Speaker 1: food exploded in October. Yeah, that kind of hurt my

484
00:31:26,320 --> 00:31:30,480
Speaker 1: heart when I read it. Yeah, in the first Italian

485
00:31:30,520 --> 00:31:33,400
Speaker 1: woman to go to space, as Samantha Christopher Ready drank

486
00:31:33,480 --> 00:31:37,520
Speaker 1: the first legit space espresso on the I S s um.

487
00:31:37,560 --> 00:31:41,520
Speaker 1: The machine was a joint experiment by the Italian Space Agency,

488
00:31:42,000 --> 00:31:47,720
Speaker 1: engineering firm Agritech Yes and UH coffee company Lavasa. The

489
00:31:47,760 --> 00:31:50,960
Speaker 1: project took two years to complete. Of course, it can

490
00:31:51,000 --> 00:31:53,520
Speaker 1: also make hot tea and consumm a um. But but

491
00:31:53,600 --> 00:31:56,960
Speaker 1: even though the system is way different than earth bound machines,

492
00:31:57,200 --> 00:31:59,440
Speaker 1: you can even get a waft of coffee scent from

493
00:31:59,440 --> 00:32:03,360
Speaker 1: your cup or the pouch. The pouches designed to emit

494
00:32:03,680 --> 00:32:08,560
Speaker 1: odor when you insert your straw. That sounds gross, but

495
00:32:08,640 --> 00:32:10,960
Speaker 1: I bet it's lovely. It's just a weird way to

496
00:32:11,000 --> 00:32:15,440
Speaker 1: think about it. The pouch omits odor. And with that

497
00:32:16,040 --> 00:32:19,200
Speaker 1: we do have some more for you, including booze in space.

498
00:32:19,280 --> 00:32:21,840
Speaker 1: Has it been there? Of course it has. But first

499
00:32:21,920 --> 00:32:24,280
Speaker 1: we're going to take another quick break for a word

500
00:32:24,280 --> 00:32:37,959
Speaker 1: from our sponsor and we're back, Thank you sponsor. Okay,

501
00:32:38,280 --> 00:32:41,960
Speaker 1: So booze in space. Obviously, you don't want a bunch

502
00:32:42,120 --> 00:32:44,720
Speaker 1: of astronauts floating around drunk while they're supposed to be,

503
00:32:44,760 --> 00:32:49,880
Speaker 1: you know, sciencing and like staying alive. But of course

504
00:32:49,880 --> 00:32:53,720
Speaker 1: there's been booze in space of course. UM. Russian cosmonauts

505
00:32:53,720 --> 00:32:57,160
Speaker 1: had cognac and their rations during the early days of

506
00:32:57,200 --> 00:33:00,760
Speaker 1: the space age. UM One reported that their doctors had

507
00:33:00,800 --> 00:33:04,280
Speaker 1: recommended it. Uh quote we we used. We used it

508
00:33:04,320 --> 00:33:06,720
Speaker 1: to stimulate our immune system and on the whole to

509
00:33:06,800 --> 00:33:12,280
Speaker 1: keep our organisms in tone, in tone. The first liquid

510
00:33:12,320 --> 00:33:15,880
Speaker 1: poured and perhaps consumed on the Moon was actually wine.

511
00:33:16,640 --> 00:33:19,640
Speaker 1: Buzz Aldren, who was an elder at his Presbyterian church,

512
00:33:20,240 --> 00:33:22,560
Speaker 1: arranged to take communion on the Sunday that he and

513
00:33:22,600 --> 00:33:25,560
Speaker 1: Neil Armstrong landed on the Moon. Before they left the

514
00:33:25,600 --> 00:33:29,200
Speaker 1: lunar module, he took the wine and bread and radioed

515
00:33:29,240 --> 00:33:31,640
Speaker 1: a message back to Earth. It wound up not being

516
00:33:31,680 --> 00:33:35,560
Speaker 1: broadcast due to some pr trouble that NASA was having

517
00:33:35,600 --> 00:33:38,360
Speaker 1: regarding separation of church and state. Um. But what he

518
00:33:38,440 --> 00:33:41,040
Speaker 1: said was, I would like to request a few moments

519
00:33:41,040 --> 00:33:44,240
Speaker 1: of silence and to invite each person listening in wherever

520
00:33:44,320 --> 00:33:46,760
Speaker 1: and whomever they may be, to pause for a moment

521
00:33:46,800 --> 00:33:49,520
Speaker 1: and contemplate the events of the past few hours, and

522
00:33:49,560 --> 00:33:53,080
Speaker 1: to give thanks in his or her own way, which

523
00:33:53,120 --> 00:33:57,240
Speaker 1: I think is lovely. Yeah. Um. In the early seventies,

524
00:33:57,240 --> 00:34:00,600
Speaker 1: with the sky Lab overhaul of the NASA menu, food

525
00:34:00,640 --> 00:34:05,680
Speaker 1: researchers tried their darndest to include wine with their menu offerings,

526
00:34:05,760 --> 00:34:09,160
Speaker 1: a four ounce ration every four days. They settled on

527
00:34:09,280 --> 00:34:12,799
Speaker 1: sherry because, as it's already been heated during production, they

528
00:34:12,800 --> 00:34:15,600
Speaker 1: figured it would be the least damaged by the space

529
00:34:16,120 --> 00:34:21,600
Speaker 1: packaging process. But the plan went seriously sideways. Uh. First

530
00:34:21,640 --> 00:34:24,040
Speaker 1: of all, when public. When the public got wind of

531
00:34:24,080 --> 00:34:27,879
Speaker 1: the idea, um, some some people got really upset. They

532
00:34:27,920 --> 00:34:30,319
Speaker 1: didn't like the concept of astronauts, these these you know,

533
00:34:30,360 --> 00:34:33,640
Speaker 1: these all American heroes that are children are watching. They

534
00:34:33,640 --> 00:34:37,520
Speaker 1: didn't like the thought of them drinking. Secondly, when NASA

535
00:34:37,640 --> 00:34:42,920
Speaker 1: tested the sherry on a low gravity plane, um, let

536
00:34:42,920 --> 00:34:46,480
Speaker 1: me let me quote Charles Borland, a space food engineer,

537
00:34:47,520 --> 00:34:50,000
Speaker 1: The odors were leased by the wine, combined with the

538
00:34:50,040 --> 00:34:52,799
Speaker 1: residual smell of years worth of people getting sick on

539
00:34:52,840 --> 00:34:56,799
Speaker 1: the plane, had an unplanned effect on the crew. Many

540
00:34:56,840 --> 00:35:01,279
Speaker 1: grabbed for their bath bags. The sherry was not sent

541
00:35:01,320 --> 00:35:06,680
Speaker 1: to space. NASA would later outlaw any drinking in space

542
00:35:06,719 --> 00:35:10,400
Speaker 1: from its astronauts, and the official I S S statement

543
00:35:10,680 --> 00:35:13,400
Speaker 1: on booze in space is that because alcohol is a

544
00:35:13,480 --> 00:35:20,720
Speaker 1: volatile compound, astronauts drinking could muss up their water recycling program,

545
00:35:20,719 --> 00:35:24,200
Speaker 1: but that does not preclude alcohol from being used experimentally.

546
00:35:24,719 --> 00:35:28,399
Speaker 1: One microbiology project out of the University of Colorado, through

547
00:35:28,640 --> 00:35:32,680
Speaker 1: NASA's Space Product Development, brewed a wee batch of beer

548
00:35:32,840 --> 00:35:36,520
Speaker 1: in space. Huh. It's east cell count was kind of low,

549
00:35:36,600 --> 00:35:39,640
Speaker 1: and there was more of one of the yeast's proteins

550
00:35:39,640 --> 00:35:43,160
Speaker 1: than usual. The researchers aren't sure why that's interesting. More

551
00:35:43,280 --> 00:35:46,320
Speaker 1: they think it might be like a stress response protein.

552
00:35:47,280 --> 00:35:51,200
Speaker 1: The east were like, I know, right, or feeling something

553
00:35:51,200 --> 00:35:56,759
Speaker 1: for use this interesting. Whiskey maker Art Beg sent a

554
00:35:56,800 --> 00:36:00,920
Speaker 1: few vials of Scotch whiskey distillate plus oak shaving oak

555
00:36:01,040 --> 00:36:03,600
Speaker 1: cask shavings up to the I S S to see

556
00:36:03,600 --> 00:36:08,160
Speaker 1: how microgravity would affect the flavors pulled from barrels during aging.

557
00:36:09,200 --> 00:36:12,840
Speaker 1: And yes, the shavings part is unusual. Don't worry. They

558
00:36:12,880 --> 00:36:14,760
Speaker 1: also kept a few vials on Earth as a control.

559
00:36:15,760 --> 00:36:19,160
Speaker 1: Near zero gravity seemed to inhibit the extraction of some

560
00:36:19,320 --> 00:36:22,920
Speaker 1: compounds from the wood, leading to an unusual balance of

561
00:36:23,000 --> 00:36:27,400
Speaker 1: flavor compounds overall in the whiskey. Um. When they tested

562
00:36:27,440 --> 00:36:30,440
Speaker 1: both samples back on Earth, yes, they drank the space whiskey.

563
00:36:31,160 --> 00:36:35,960
Speaker 1: The Earth sample smelled and tasted like art beg um.

564
00:36:36,040 --> 00:36:39,759
Speaker 1: The space sample was basically totally different. And Okay, I'm

565
00:36:39,760 --> 00:36:42,560
Speaker 1: gonna quote the kind of extensive tasting notes from both

566
00:36:42,560 --> 00:36:45,279
Speaker 1: samples because it's just super fascinating to me. Okay, So,

567
00:36:45,600 --> 00:36:50,200
Speaker 1: Earth sample aroma very woody, hints of cedar, sweet smoke

568
00:36:50,320 --> 00:36:54,680
Speaker 1: and aged balsamic vinegar, hints of raisins, chuckle, toffee of

569
00:36:54,840 --> 00:36:59,960
Speaker 1: vanilla and burnt oranges. Taste dry palette, woody balsamic flavor,

570
00:37:00,280 --> 00:37:04,879
Speaker 1: sweet smoke and clove oil, a distant fruitiness, prunes, dates, uh,

571
00:37:05,000 --> 00:37:08,760
Speaker 1: some charcoal and antiseptic notes. The aftertaste is long, lingering

572
00:37:08,800 --> 00:37:12,959
Speaker 1: and typically ard beg, with flavors of gentle smoke, briarwood, tar,

573
00:37:13,200 --> 00:37:18,799
Speaker 1: and some sweet creamy fudge. Sounds lovely um from the

574
00:37:18,840 --> 00:37:22,719
Speaker 1: I s s sample aroma intense and rounded with notes

575
00:37:22,760 --> 00:37:27,719
Speaker 1: of antiseptic smoke, rubber, smoked fish, and a curious, perfumed

576
00:37:27,719 --> 00:37:32,320
Speaker 1: note like a cassius or violet, powerful woody notes, hints

577
00:37:32,360 --> 00:37:35,959
Speaker 1: of graphite and some vanilla. This then leads into very

578
00:37:36,040 --> 00:37:39,960
Speaker 1: earthy soil notes, a savory beefy aroma, and then hints

579
00:37:39,960 --> 00:37:43,960
Speaker 1: of rum and raisin flavored ice cream taste a very

580
00:37:44,000 --> 00:37:47,800
Speaker 1: focused flavor profile with smoked fruits, prunes, raisins, sugar plums

581
00:37:47,800 --> 00:37:53,400
Speaker 1: and cherries, earthy pete, smoke, peppermint, aniseed cinnamon, and smoked

582
00:37:53,440 --> 00:37:57,760
Speaker 1: bacon or hickory smoked ham. The aftertaste is pungent, intense,

583
00:37:57,800 --> 00:38:02,040
Speaker 1: and long, with hints of wood, antiseptic lozenges and rubbery smoke.

584
00:38:03,280 --> 00:38:08,240
Speaker 1: Robbery smoke. I mean, that's a lot of word salad,

585
00:38:08,280 --> 00:38:10,360
Speaker 1: but like, but they were just distinctly different, and I

586
00:38:10,400 --> 00:38:16,720
Speaker 1: think that's great. Yeah, space whiskey science. That's some fascinating

587
00:38:16,760 --> 00:38:22,080
Speaker 1: science right there. Yeah, more research is clearly necessary and

588
00:38:22,600 --> 00:38:26,239
Speaker 1: uh one one study with with rats from suggested that

589
00:38:26,280 --> 00:38:30,839
Speaker 1: a compound founded red wines um reservera troll could help

590
00:38:30,880 --> 00:38:34,560
Speaker 1: astronauts stave off the muscle waste that happens without rigorous

591
00:38:34,560 --> 00:38:38,160
Speaker 1: exercise in low gravity and environments. UM so maybe in

592
00:38:38,200 --> 00:38:41,440
Speaker 1: the future with longer space missions, bringing along a little

593
00:38:41,440 --> 00:38:45,640
Speaker 1: bit of wine wouldn't be considered it superfluous. Let us

594
00:38:45,640 --> 00:38:49,080
Speaker 1: all forget about supplements. Yeah, yeah, forget about those things.

595
00:38:49,480 --> 00:38:54,600
Speaker 1: But hey, speaking of the future, let's talk about the future. Yes.

596
00:38:55,600 --> 00:39:00,279
Speaker 1: So now that NASA and other space traveling intoity are

597
00:39:00,280 --> 00:39:04,200
Speaker 1: planning missions with even longer durations, like um, I don't know,

598
00:39:04,640 --> 00:39:07,439
Speaker 1: mission to Mars. One of the main goals is to

599
00:39:07,480 --> 00:39:10,400
Speaker 1: take the current eighteen months shelf life of foods and

600
00:39:10,480 --> 00:39:14,360
Speaker 1: extend it to five years. Yeah. One option that NASA

601
00:39:14,440 --> 00:39:17,800
Speaker 1: is looking at would have crew members building a hydroponic

602
00:39:17,840 --> 00:39:21,120
Speaker 1: growth lab and growing fresh produce inside. This would be

603
00:39:21,200 --> 00:39:24,400
Speaker 1: a solution for menu fatigue, which on a year plus

604
00:39:24,400 --> 00:39:28,000
Speaker 1: long mission becomes a real concern. Cooking in space, however,

605
00:39:29,280 --> 00:39:32,359
Speaker 1: really difficult, if not impossible, thanks to that whole gravity thing,

606
00:39:32,400 --> 00:39:36,080
Speaker 1: along with the host of energy and space considerations like

607
00:39:36,080 --> 00:39:40,640
Speaker 1: like area space not space. Yeah, I didn't even think

608
00:39:40,680 --> 00:39:43,640
Speaker 1: about that. The journey to Mars would take about two

609
00:39:43,680 --> 00:39:46,680
Speaker 1: and a half years, by the way, and require somewhere

610
00:39:46,719 --> 00:39:53,399
Speaker 1: around twelve tons of food. Yes, people eat man, that's crazy, okay, Yeah,

611
00:39:53,560 --> 00:39:56,759
Speaker 1: potentially sent to Mars separately before the human crew takes off.

612
00:39:59,000 --> 00:40:04,160
Speaker 1: UM A form experiment conducted examined that the implications and

613
00:40:04,239 --> 00:40:08,040
Speaker 1: limitations of astronauts cooking their own food. The stipulations were

614
00:40:08,280 --> 00:40:11,000
Speaker 1: among the six crew members. Food could only be cooked

615
00:40:11,080 --> 00:40:15,040
Speaker 1: on certain days, only shelf stable products like honey our

616
00:40:15,160 --> 00:40:17,880
Speaker 1: rice could be used, and only a limited amount of

617
00:40:17,960 --> 00:40:21,040
Speaker 1: energy expanded on things like a hot plate. All the

618
00:40:21,040 --> 00:40:24,919
Speaker 1: participants preferred days when they cook something because they said

619
00:40:24,960 --> 00:40:28,880
Speaker 1: it allowed for creativity and social bonding. A few projects

620
00:40:28,920 --> 00:40:31,360
Speaker 1: have been looking into three D printing as a potential

621
00:40:31,400 --> 00:40:34,319
Speaker 1: solution to cooking in space. That the basic idea is

622
00:40:34,360 --> 00:40:37,120
Speaker 1: that you could use good old tubes of food stuff

623
00:40:37,120 --> 00:40:40,399
Speaker 1: as ingredients and that that the printer could make those

624
00:40:40,440 --> 00:40:43,600
Speaker 1: into different dishes. We'll have to do a whole episode

625
00:40:43,640 --> 00:40:47,359
Speaker 1: about about three D food printing sometime. Yes, it's pretty great.

626
00:40:47,560 --> 00:40:52,040
Speaker 1: I'm so on board with red romaine. Lettuce became the

627
00:40:52,080 --> 00:40:55,520
Speaker 1: first crop grown and eaten space. Three crew members toasted

628
00:40:55,520 --> 00:40:59,360
Speaker 1: their lettuce after dipping the pieces in olive oil. I know,

629
00:40:59,760 --> 00:41:01,719
Speaker 1: and they were quite satisfied with the taste. I do

630
00:41:01,800 --> 00:41:05,920
Speaker 1: remember when this happened being in the news. Longer missions

631
00:41:06,000 --> 00:41:10,040
Speaker 1: also expand on the nutrient deficiency problem, like shrinking bones

632
00:41:10,080 --> 00:41:14,359
Speaker 1: and squashed eyeballs. I didn't look into that, but I

633
00:41:14,400 --> 00:41:18,440
Speaker 1: saw it and it scared me. Oh yeah, my microgravity

634
00:41:18,520 --> 00:41:22,280
Speaker 1: does things to your eyeballs that I don't want squashed eyeballs.

635
00:41:22,320 --> 00:41:26,160
Speaker 1: I don't want like astronauts getting that that. This sounds terrible. No, no, no,

636
00:41:26,239 --> 00:41:30,279
Speaker 1: no one, No one deserves a squashed eyeball. Um, there's

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00:41:30,320 --> 00:41:33,520
Speaker 1: if there's anything we've learned from Game of Thrones. Uh.

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00:41:33,560 --> 00:41:35,839
Speaker 1: By the way, UM, if you are interested in the

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00:41:35,920 --> 00:41:37,759
Speaker 1: kind of history part of all of this, there's a

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00:41:37,800 --> 00:41:41,080
Speaker 1: really terrific textbook called The Astronauts Cookbook that was co

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00:41:41,200 --> 00:41:44,280
Speaker 1: written by um, by that guy I quoted earlier about

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00:41:44,320 --> 00:41:47,880
Speaker 1: the about the Sherry Um who worked in NASA's space

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00:41:47,880 --> 00:41:50,680
Speaker 1: food program for thirty years. So he has a lot

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00:41:50,719 --> 00:41:53,319
Speaker 1: of stories in there. Look it up, check it out.

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00:41:53,960 --> 00:41:57,319
Speaker 1: And other than that, that wraps up our episode on

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00:41:57,320 --> 00:42:03,319
Speaker 1: space food. Yeah, that was a crash course and that

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00:42:03,400 --> 00:42:08,680
Speaker 1: concludes this classic episode where many space puns were made,

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00:42:09,160 --> 00:42:13,960
Speaker 1: sound effects were had. Welcome back Food, Astronauts to the

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00:42:14,040 --> 00:42:18,760
Speaker 1: here and now. We hope you had an excellent journey

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00:42:19,400 --> 00:42:28,080
Speaker 1: on spaceship saver spaceships, what a weird spaceship it would be,

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00:42:29,120 --> 00:42:37,120
Speaker 1: but fun. Yeah, I think so. Yeah, for sure, for sure. Um.

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00:42:37,160 --> 00:42:39,719
Speaker 1: If you would like to contact us, as always, we

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00:42:39,760 --> 00:42:42,280
Speaker 1: would love to hear from you. Our email is hello

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00:42:42,360 --> 00:42:45,480
Speaker 1: at saver pod dot com. We're also on social media.

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00:42:45,600 --> 00:42:48,399
Speaker 1: You can find us on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram at

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00:42:48,480 --> 00:42:50,400
Speaker 1: saver pod and we do hope to hear from you.

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00:42:50,800 --> 00:42:53,360
Speaker 1: Savor is production of I Heart Radio. For more podcasts

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00:42:53,440 --> 00:42:55,479
Speaker 1: my Heart Radio, you can visit the I Heart Radio app,

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00:42:55,480 --> 00:42:58,240
Speaker 1: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.

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00:42:58,640 --> 00:43:01,040
Speaker 1: Thanks as always to our superproduce hers Dylan Fagan and

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00:43:01,040 --> 00:43:03,160
Speaker 1: Andrew Howard. Thanks to you for listening, and we have

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Speaker 1: that lots more good things are coming your way. H