WEBVTT - The Mighty Sarlacc

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<v Speaker 1>And now for traffic, we take you to week Way

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<v Speaker 1>Ray in the Channel five sky skiff. Hey, Jim, we're

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<v Speaker 1>pretty clear of sandstorms across much of the dune seed

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<v Speaker 1>this morning, so that's great news for skyhopper and land

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<v Speaker 1>speeder traffic. So far, however, we're already seeing a bit

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<v Speaker 1>of pre wunt to eve classic traffic heading into moss Aspec. Plus,

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<v Speaker 1>things are grinding to a halt out near the Great

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<v Speaker 1>Pit of Carcoon and the walp rats are play and

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<v Speaker 1>as it looks like the huts are hosting another multi

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<v Speaker 1>skiff Sarlac offering. Always best to steer clear unless you've

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<v Speaker 1>got an invite, especially if you've got an invite. All

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<v Speaker 1>too true. Ray. Now let's check in with Merge surgeon

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<v Speaker 1>on for a look at this week's solar activity. Looks

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<v Speaker 1>like we're in for a double helping of solar flares.

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<v Speaker 1>Welcome to Stuff to Blow Your Mind production of My

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<v Speaker 1>Heart Radio. Hey you, welcome to Stuff to Blow your Mind.

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<v Speaker 1>My name is Robert Lamb and I'm Joe McCormick. And

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<v Speaker 1>here we are finally here in a galaxy far far away.

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<v Speaker 1>I did not think we would end up doing Star

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<v Speaker 1>Wars content, especially so close to May fourth, but not

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<v Speaker 1>on it. Things are getting strange. Yeah. Now, fittingly, we're

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<v Speaker 1>recording this episode on May the fourth, but that that

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<v Speaker 1>just benefits the two of us. The listeners are gonna

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<v Speaker 1>get it a little later. However, since the May the

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<v Speaker 1>fourth like sales begin before May the fourth, I think

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<v Speaker 1>it's okay to assume that May the fourth is just

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<v Speaker 1>generally a a you know, a multi day even multi

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<v Speaker 1>week affair in which we celebrate Star Wars. Yeah, it's

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<v Speaker 1>like Christmas gradually creeps out to the edges. Yeah, the

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<v Speaker 1>thirty days of May the fourth or what have you. Uh. Now,

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<v Speaker 1>so you've been going on a Star Wars expedition in

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<v Speaker 1>your house, right, Yeah? Yeah, we've been watching all the

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<v Speaker 1>all the movies. We also watched The Mandalorian. I think

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<v Speaker 1>at this point we've watched everything except the most recent one,

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<v Speaker 1>and we're going to catch that one tonight because it

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<v Speaker 1>just dropped on Disney Plus. But yeah, we've been we've

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<v Speaker 1>been full, full blown into the Star Wars um and

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<v Speaker 1>it's been It's been pretty fun because I've i think

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<v Speaker 1>I've been personally been like several different stereotypical Star Wars

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<v Speaker 1>fans over the years. I was born in seventy eight,

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<v Speaker 1>so the original trilogy and their associated toys were just

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<v Speaker 1>a key part of my childhood and uh and just

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<v Speaker 1>as aspects of their structure were based on you know,

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<v Speaker 1>archetypes of comparative mythology. You know, these films introduced many

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<v Speaker 1>of us to some of these mythic energies. So I

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<v Speaker 1>remember loving these films as a child. I remember lapsing

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<v Speaker 1>somewhat during what I think of as like the Star

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<v Speaker 1>Wars dark Age of the early and mid nineties. I

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<v Speaker 1>think that's when I was getting like the Star Wars

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<v Speaker 1>Insider fan magazine. Oh cool, yeah, and he'd kind of

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<v Speaker 1>gone uh underground. I mean, I don't want to say

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<v Speaker 1>undergund because obviously there was there was still tons of

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<v Speaker 1>content coming out and the you know, the Expanded Universe

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<v Speaker 1>and so forth. There were books, there were comics, there

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<v Speaker 1>were there were games, but it wasn't as as prevalent

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<v Speaker 1>uh in the pop culture at that time. But of

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<v Speaker 1>course it was gearing up because then came, uh, the

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<v Speaker 1>the prequels, right um uh. Now, I I too remember

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<v Speaker 1>reading some of the extended Universe stuff and getting into

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<v Speaker 1>that and the like the late nineties but then we

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<v Speaker 1>had Phantom Menace, and I remember being first of all,

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<v Speaker 1>like super excited for it, and then I was a

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<v Speaker 1>bit of a prequel apologist there for a bit regarding

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<v Speaker 1>the Phantom Menace, and then I became kind of a

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<v Speaker 1>snarky fan who focused only on the flaws of the

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<v Speaker 1>prequel films. And I'd say I didn't fully recover from

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<v Speaker 1>that until I watched The Mandalorian with my family, uh,

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<v Speaker 1>and we all loved it. And then we started watching

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<v Speaker 1>all the films again. And and now I'm I'm leaning

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<v Speaker 1>into the force. I'm I'm I'm just saying, I'm enjoying

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<v Speaker 1>all of them. I've enjoyed each film that I've watched,

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<v Speaker 1>and and she really kind of tried to watch them,

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<v Speaker 1>you know, with my son, but also kind of threw

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<v Speaker 1>his eyes. And it's been a blast. What are his favorites?

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<v Speaker 1>He tells me that his favorites are the Phantom Menace

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<v Speaker 1>and let's see Phantom Menace and Return of the Jedi,

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<v Speaker 1>but especially Phantom Menace. He in fact requested that we

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<v Speaker 1>watched that one again, and so we watched half of

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<v Speaker 1>it last night. Those it does not escape my attention

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<v Speaker 1>that those are the two that have the highest quotient

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<v Speaker 1>of cuteness content they do, they have they have cuteness,

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<v Speaker 1>But then also they just have a ton of creatures.

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<v Speaker 1>And I think that's also key because like The Phantom Menace,

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<v Speaker 1>most of it takes place on like a dinosaur ridden uh,

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<v Speaker 1>you know planet where there's just you know, monster after

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<v Speaker 1>monster after monster, and and yeah, you have the comic

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<v Speaker 1>elements as well, and you have an actual child in it,

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<v Speaker 1>which I think also is adds this kind of anchor

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<v Speaker 1>for younger viewers, the going against what I was just

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<v Speaker 1>saying about cuteness. Obviously, Return of the Jedi is where

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<v Speaker 1>we get the the e Walks, the classic Teddy Bear planet.

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<v Speaker 1>But the first half of Return of the Jedi its

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<v Speaker 1>just when we rewatched it not too long ago, I

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<v Speaker 1>was like, man, I love this wasn't when I was

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<v Speaker 1>a kid. But the first half of this movie is gross.

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<v Speaker 1>It is full of like just like like nasty, slimy

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<v Speaker 1>critters everywhere and and and horrible monsters and uh. And

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<v Speaker 1>I would say, actually, the thing maybe that stands out

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<v Speaker 1>the most in my mind is going to be the

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<v Speaker 1>subject of today's episode, which is the Sarlac. Yes, yes,

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<v Speaker 1>the Sarlac features heavily into this portion of the film,

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<v Speaker 1>and it is it's just something that just captures. Uh.

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<v Speaker 1>It certainly captures the young imagination, you know, here's this pit,

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<v Speaker 1>here is this thing. And I think it it also

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<v Speaker 1>played well with the action figures growing up, because you

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<v Speaker 1>could you could pretty much make a star lack there was.

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<v Speaker 1>I don't think there was a star lak Um like

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<v Speaker 1>action play set or anything, because how wrong you are,

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<v Speaker 1>really they had one because I was just thinking you

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<v Speaker 1>just had You had dirt, you had holes, you had

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<v Speaker 1>things you could do with like a bedspread, and you

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<v Speaker 1>had instant Sarlac Robert. I want you to scroll all

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<v Speaker 1>the way down to the bottom of our notes and

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<v Speaker 1>have a look at the images I've attached for you.

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<v Speaker 1>I thought these would fill you with joy. This comes

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<v Speaker 1>from a board game that I found evidence of on

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<v Speaker 1>the internet late last night. I think. Uh. It's called

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<v Speaker 1>Battle at Sarlac's Pit. It was released at the same

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<v Speaker 1>time as the movie, or sometime around the movie, I guess,

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<v Speaker 1>to help promote it. And it is a It is

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<v Speaker 1>a board game with a Sarlac, like a cardboard Sarlac

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<v Speaker 1>cone set up, and then it's got a little barge

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<v Speaker 1>or skiff on top where it looks like you you

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<v Speaker 1>you play with miniatures of Han Solo, Luke, Skywalker, Chewbacca,

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<v Speaker 1>and I guess maybe that's also it's supposed to be Leiah.

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<v Speaker 1>It's kind of hard to tell. The miniatures are not

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<v Speaker 1>super detailed, and you have to fight your way through these,

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<v Speaker 1>you know, green pig face guards and Boba that to

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<v Speaker 1>to confront Jab of the Hut, and I guess if

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<v Speaker 1>you lose, you fall off into the star Lack's mouth. Ha.

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<v Speaker 1>Well that it looks beautiful. I mean, especially the cover

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<v Speaker 1>art in this box looks incredible, and then the set

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<v Speaker 1>itself is is pretty ingenious, especially given the time. I

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<v Speaker 1>can't obviously, I can't speak for the the actual gameplay,

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<v Speaker 1>but it looks intriguing. Yeah, I've never seen this before. Well,

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<v Speaker 1>I know you're a miniatures guy, so I was wondering

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<v Speaker 1>if you might end up looking this thing up. I

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<v Speaker 1>might have to the miniatures. It looks like the miniatures

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<v Speaker 1>are supplied poorly painted, or perhaps they're supplied unpainted, and

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<v Speaker 1>what we're looking at here is the work of a

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<v Speaker 1>child roughly painting them. I can't tell, but yeah, I'm

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<v Speaker 1>gonna have to look into this more. This this is interesting.

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<v Speaker 1>If I had known this existed when I was a kid,

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<v Speaker 1>I would have insisted on it. So I guess we should.

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<v Speaker 1>We can assume that most listeners have probably seen Return

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<v Speaker 1>of the Jedi, don't the star Lack doesn't need a

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<v Speaker 1>lot of explaining, but just to do the very basics,

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<v Speaker 1>we should explain what happens in the movie. So the

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<v Speaker 1>role in the plot is you remember our heroes Luke Skywalker,

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<v Speaker 1>Han Solo, Chewbacca. Uh, they are sentenced to death by

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<v Speaker 1>the gangster Job of the Hut. He's the big slug

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<v Speaker 1>guy and Job Job of the Hut says the method

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<v Speaker 1>of execution for these three heroes is going to be

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<v Speaker 1>a kind of alien desert version of the Pirates walking

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<v Speaker 1>of the plank, Right, you know, they're gonna be forced

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<v Speaker 1>to walk the plank off of this floating barge or

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<v Speaker 1>this floating boat type thing into this hole in the desert,

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<v Speaker 1>and the Droid C three p O translates job as

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<v Speaker 1>execution order. He says, you will therefore be taken to

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<v Speaker 1>the dune sea, this big desert and cast into the

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<v Speaker 1>pit of Carcoon, the nesting place of the all powerful

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<v Speaker 1>Sarlac in his belly. You will find a new definition

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<v Speaker 1>of pain and suffering as you are slowly digested over

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<v Speaker 1>a thousand years. And I'm not gonna lie that concept

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<v Speaker 1>haunted me as a child. I was like, slowly digested

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<v Speaker 1>over a thousand years? Wouldn't it be over? Are sooner

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<v Speaker 1>than that? Yeah, there's this idea that it extends your suffering,

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<v Speaker 1>that it is to enter into the star Lack is

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<v Speaker 1>to kind of enter into an underworld or an afterlife

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<v Speaker 1>of pain. It's like going to hell. Yeah, yeah, a

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<v Speaker 1>hell of digestion. And I also love how in C

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<v Speaker 1>three pos translation there's this idea, Yeah, that's that's not

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<v Speaker 1>only the Sarlac, it is the all powerful Sarlac. There's

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<v Speaker 1>this idea that it is a thing that is revered,

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<v Speaker 1>that it almost has a divine quality to it. And certainly,

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<v Speaker 1>as we see in the film, it's not something that

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<v Speaker 1>is defeated. It is not something that is really truly overcome.

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<v Speaker 1>It is just avoided and escaped at best. Well, it's

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<v Speaker 1>not really the enemy, right, it's kind of the setting.

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<v Speaker 1>It's the threat in the setting. It's kind of in

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<v Speaker 1>the way that in most zombie movies the zombies are

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<v Speaker 1>not really the enemy. They're more like a hostile environment

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<v Speaker 1>in which the drama between the characters is set. Usually

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<v Speaker 1>in a zombie MOVI, you've got a human villain, and

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<v Speaker 1>the same is true here. Clearly the villain is Jab

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<v Speaker 1>of the Hut, not the not the Sarlac. And of

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<v Speaker 1>course so it's very satisfying when when Leah chokes out

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<v Speaker 1>Jab of the Hut, that's like a great you know,

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<v Speaker 1>defeat of the villain scene. But there's no need to

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<v Speaker 1>kill the Sarlac. It's just doing its thing in the desert,

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<v Speaker 1>that's right. Yeah, there's this It has this quality where

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<v Speaker 1>the star Lac is kind of like a pet. It's

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<v Speaker 1>kind of like a pampered pet of of javas much

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<v Speaker 1>like the rain corps is that we see earlier in

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<v Speaker 1>the film. But it also feels like something that is

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<v Speaker 1>greater than job and certainly it's something that will will

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<v Speaker 1>outlive Java. Yeah. So one thing I really liked about

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<v Speaker 1>this monster when I was a kid um was something

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<v Speaker 1>about the way that the monster was presented visually the

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<v Speaker 1>pit of Carcoon and the Sarlac. It was that the

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<v Speaker 1>monster wasn't just in a pit. The monster was the pit. Uh.

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<v Speaker 1>And and so to explain this a little bit more,

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<v Speaker 1>it's kind of like a presented visually as a bio

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<v Speaker 1>geological hybrid, like a cave or a hole in the

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<v Speaker 1>ground that has tentacle tongues and eats bounty hunters alive.

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<v Speaker 1>You can't tell where the animal stops and the earth begins.

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<v Speaker 1>And as a point of comparison, I think i'd i'd

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<v Speaker 1>use the appeal of like the bio mechanical artwork of

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<v Speaker 1>hr Geiger that and how that influenced the creation of

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<v Speaker 1>the xenomorph in the Alien films. Xenomorph is basically supposed

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<v Speaker 1>to be an animal, but it has tons of body

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<v Speaker 1>features that look like parts of industrial machines. It's an

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<v Speaker 1>animal made out of tubes and hoses and hinges and pistons.

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<v Speaker 1>And I think I always thought the Starlac was cool

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<v Speaker 1>because it was like this, but with geology instead of machinery. Uh.

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<v Speaker 1>It's it's a mouth that is the earth. It looks

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<v Speaker 1>like the teeth are coming out of rock or coming

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<v Speaker 1>out of the sand. And Uh. Of course this is

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<v Speaker 1>all predicated on the fact that I grew up watching

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<v Speaker 1>the versions of these movies before the special edition remasters.

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<v Speaker 1>So the version I'm used to seeing is the original,

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<v Speaker 1>where it's just the gaping mouth that blends into the

0:12:04.880 --> 0:12:08.160
<v Speaker 1>earth and has these rings of inward facing teeth and

0:12:08.200 --> 0:12:10.840
<v Speaker 1>the tentacles that reach out from who knows where and

0:12:10.880 --> 0:12:14.079
<v Speaker 1>grab things. When the remasters came, of course, they added

0:12:14.120 --> 0:12:16.480
<v Speaker 1>a big c g I beak poking up out of

0:12:16.520 --> 0:12:19.040
<v Speaker 1>the pit, which sort of eliminates some of that bio

0:12:19.160 --> 0:12:22.719
<v Speaker 1>geological magic. I try these days not to be one

0:12:22.720 --> 0:12:26.120
<v Speaker 1>of the guys who's just constantly shrieking about how Lucas

0:12:26.200 --> 0:12:29.600
<v Speaker 1>ruined things and complaining about remasters and prequels and all that,

0:12:29.720 --> 0:12:32.800
<v Speaker 1>but I will say I do not like this change.

0:12:32.840 --> 0:12:35.520
<v Speaker 1>I think it's creepier in the original version without the

0:12:35.559 --> 0:12:37.480
<v Speaker 1>c g I beak. I like it when it's just

0:12:37.920 --> 0:12:41.160
<v Speaker 1>the hole in the earth, the cave with teeth. Yeah.

0:12:41.320 --> 0:12:45.040
<v Speaker 1>I I certainly grew up with the the unedited version

0:12:45.080 --> 0:12:47.720
<v Speaker 1>as well, and so that's that's probably the version that

0:12:47.840 --> 0:12:50.760
<v Speaker 1>was It's cemented in my mind the most, and I

0:12:50.840 --> 0:12:52.880
<v Speaker 1>used to feel I think a lot stronger about it

0:12:52.880 --> 0:12:56.880
<v Speaker 1>where I'm like, Nope, original Starla only, but I don't

0:12:56.920 --> 0:13:00.920
<v Speaker 1>know I can I'm okay with the the redesign I

0:13:00.960 --> 0:13:03.719
<v Speaker 1>just wish that the c G I would maybe get another,

0:13:03.960 --> 0:13:05.520
<v Speaker 1>you know, a fresh coat of paint to make it

0:13:05.520 --> 0:13:08.640
<v Speaker 1>look a little sleeker. But but still like I also,

0:13:08.679 --> 0:13:11.400
<v Speaker 1>I understand that they are part of the original concept

0:13:11.480 --> 0:13:14.079
<v Speaker 1>was that it would have those elements, but they weren't

0:13:14.080 --> 0:13:16.280
<v Speaker 1>able to make it happen because they just didn't have

0:13:16.320 --> 0:13:21.079
<v Speaker 1>the budget of the technology to implement it at the time. Um.

0:13:21.240 --> 0:13:24.520
<v Speaker 1>But but I and I also think that the addition

0:13:24.600 --> 0:13:28.280
<v Speaker 1>of the plant like elements doesn't completely take away from

0:13:28.360 --> 0:13:31.600
<v Speaker 1>what you were describing, this idea of the monster as

0:13:32.000 --> 0:13:37.120
<v Speaker 1>as pit, the monster as Earth. Um, there's something very primal,

0:13:37.240 --> 0:13:41.839
<v Speaker 1>primordial even about about the star lac And you know,

0:13:42.000 --> 0:13:43.920
<v Speaker 1>some people, I think a lot to like to criticize

0:13:44.000 --> 0:13:45.839
<v Speaker 1>Lucas and you know that they want to go all

0:13:45.880 --> 0:13:49.000
<v Speaker 1>in on this idea that well, Lucas depended on all

0:13:49.000 --> 0:13:51.560
<v Speaker 1>these other creative people and anything that he got right

0:13:51.600 --> 0:13:55.360
<v Speaker 1>he only did accidentally. But I suspect that you know

0:13:55.480 --> 0:13:57.600
<v Speaker 1>that he was really onto something with this idea of

0:13:57.640 --> 0:14:01.000
<v Speaker 1>the star Lac. Um. I think they're there is something

0:14:01.600 --> 0:14:04.040
<v Speaker 1>intentionally primordial about it. And well, and we'll get into

0:14:04.080 --> 0:14:06.120
<v Speaker 1>that as we go. Well, I think it just it

0:14:06.480 --> 0:14:10.280
<v Speaker 1>suggests the magical thinking that that that is so common

0:14:10.320 --> 0:14:14.240
<v Speaker 1>in human culture that characterizes caves and pits in the

0:14:14.240 --> 0:14:16.800
<v Speaker 1>earth as a mouth. I mean that kind of that

0:14:16.880 --> 0:14:20.560
<v Speaker 1>kind of language is extremely common. Yeah, So before we

0:14:20.560 --> 0:14:23.200
<v Speaker 1>get a little bit more into some mythic parallels for

0:14:23.240 --> 0:14:25.240
<v Speaker 1>the star Lac, I want to talk just a little

0:14:25.280 --> 0:14:29.160
<v Speaker 1>bit more about its presumed biology and its biology is

0:14:29.200 --> 0:14:32.360
<v Speaker 1>presented uh in Cannon, and also just a little interpretation

0:14:32.400 --> 0:14:36.080
<v Speaker 1>on our part. So obviously, the vast majority of the

0:14:36.120 --> 0:14:40.400
<v Speaker 1>star Lacks bulk is hidden beneath the sand, leaving only

0:14:40.440 --> 0:14:45.400
<v Speaker 1>its spiked, entacled mouth exposed. Now, presumably the star Lac

0:14:45.520 --> 0:14:47.960
<v Speaker 1>just normally, you know, waits there. It doesn't move. It

0:14:48.040 --> 0:14:51.560
<v Speaker 1>just waits first, you know, some creature to fall into it.

0:14:51.640 --> 0:14:54.120
<v Speaker 1>You know, some of the mega fauna of tattooings, such

0:14:54.120 --> 0:14:56.720
<v Speaker 1>as the do back or the bantha. You know, it

0:14:56.760 --> 0:14:58.720
<v Speaker 1>just waits for them to wander close enough to fall

0:14:58.880 --> 0:15:03.560
<v Speaker 1>in or succumb to the fast moving grasping tentacles. And

0:15:03.680 --> 0:15:06.160
<v Speaker 1>if this, you know, seems a rare enough occurrence, we

0:15:06.240 --> 0:15:09.600
<v Speaker 1>have to consider that it's it has an alleged one

0:15:09.640 --> 0:15:13.280
<v Speaker 1>thousand year digestive cycle. So presumably it has a slow

0:15:13.360 --> 0:15:17.400
<v Speaker 1>enough metabolism that it doesn't need just regular feedings. It

0:15:17.440 --> 0:15:20.880
<v Speaker 1>can get by on the odd banthera that just falls in.

0:15:21.760 --> 0:15:23.400
<v Speaker 1>And then on top of that, we have to consider

0:15:23.480 --> 0:15:26.800
<v Speaker 1>that this star lac might be in a privileged situation

0:15:26.880 --> 0:15:31.000
<v Speaker 1>as well, sustained by regular feedings from Job as pleasure barges,

0:15:31.240 --> 0:15:33.760
<v Speaker 1>because let's face it, Job is the type of fellow

0:15:33.800 --> 0:15:36.680
<v Speaker 1>that's liable to just throw people into the sarlac on

0:15:36.880 --> 0:15:40.040
<v Speaker 1>a weekly or bi weekly basis, So we may not

0:15:40.280 --> 0:15:43.920
<v Speaker 1>be observing the sarlac in its natural environment. This this

0:15:43.960 --> 0:15:47.840
<v Speaker 1>could be a domesticated sarlac of sorts. Yeah, yeah, I

0:15:48.080 --> 0:15:51.480
<v Speaker 1>think we have to take that into into account now. Um,

0:15:51.920 --> 0:15:55.000
<v Speaker 1>in terms of, like, you know, turning to the literature

0:15:55.280 --> 0:15:59.720
<v Speaker 1>for you know, explanations of something like the sarlac, uh,

0:15:59.800 --> 0:16:02.200
<v Speaker 1>that can be a bit confusing because, first of all,

0:16:02.280 --> 0:16:04.080
<v Speaker 1>you know, it's presented as it is in the movie,

0:16:04.280 --> 0:16:06.640
<v Speaker 1>and I think a fair amount of mystery about it

0:16:06.680 --> 0:16:09.680
<v Speaker 1>is ideal. Like, for instance, C three Po doesn't turn

0:16:09.760 --> 0:16:12.280
<v Speaker 1>to you and explain everything about the star lack. He

0:16:12.280 --> 0:16:14.920
<v Speaker 1>doesn't go into a big ten minute monologue about it,

0:16:14.960 --> 0:16:17.240
<v Speaker 1>because you're supposed to do some of the work, right

0:16:17.280 --> 0:16:20.520
<v Speaker 1>it's supposed to inspire you, right, Yeah, I mean what's

0:16:20.560 --> 0:16:22.720
<v Speaker 1>cool about it is that you can't see so much

0:16:22.720 --> 0:16:24.760
<v Speaker 1>of it. It's a mystery, it's hidden under the earth.

0:16:25.080 --> 0:16:27.200
<v Speaker 1>I think some of that would be spoiled if you've

0:16:27.200 --> 0:16:29.440
<v Speaker 1>got a better look at it, or you've got c

0:16:29.640 --> 0:16:32.160
<v Speaker 1>three po explaining its whole life history. As much as

0:16:32.240 --> 0:16:33.880
<v Speaker 1>I would have wanted that when I was a kid,

0:16:33.920 --> 0:16:37.280
<v Speaker 1>and we were talking recently about like children, you know,

0:16:37.360 --> 0:16:40.280
<v Speaker 1>being obsessed with Cannon and the stories they love and

0:16:40.320 --> 0:16:42.920
<v Speaker 1>like wanting to know all the details, I mean, I

0:16:42.960 --> 0:16:44.800
<v Speaker 1>bet when I was like eight, I would have just

0:16:44.920 --> 0:16:48.400
<v Speaker 1>wish that the Star Wars movies included like Star Wars

0:16:48.600 --> 0:16:53.720
<v Speaker 1>illustrated encyclopedia pages as as like scenes throughout them. But yeah,

0:16:53.880 --> 0:16:55.920
<v Speaker 1>it works better as a mystery. I think that's my

0:16:55.960 --> 0:16:59.840
<v Speaker 1>adult mind. Yeah. Now that being said, it this, this

0:17:00.040 --> 0:17:02.840
<v Speaker 1>sort of mystery has inspired lots of people, and so

0:17:02.880 --> 0:17:06.199
<v Speaker 1>you have you have a number of different, uh you know,

0:17:06.680 --> 0:17:10.960
<v Speaker 1>expanded universe treatments of the Star lac as well as

0:17:11.400 --> 0:17:14.840
<v Speaker 1>compendiums that attempt to explain to some degree what the

0:17:14.840 --> 0:17:17.520
<v Speaker 1>Star Lack is. And you're gonna deal with, you know,

0:17:17.560 --> 0:17:20.680
<v Speaker 1>conflicting accounts and uh, and and so forth if you

0:17:20.720 --> 0:17:23.360
<v Speaker 1>start looking at all of those. But I do want

0:17:23.359 --> 0:17:26.240
<v Speaker 1>to touch on some ideas that were presented in a

0:17:26.280 --> 0:17:29.880
<v Speaker 1>relatively new book that came out, Star Wars Alien Archive,

0:17:30.240 --> 0:17:32.840
<v Speaker 1>which I've been reading with my son. Uh. It's you know,

0:17:32.840 --> 0:17:35.840
<v Speaker 1>it's basically a you know, a monstrous compendium, a monster

0:17:35.920 --> 0:17:39.359
<v Speaker 1>manual of Star Wars aliens, and it's pretty fun. It

0:17:39.480 --> 0:17:43.720
<v Speaker 1>has these fabulous illustrations in it, and it you know,

0:17:43.800 --> 0:17:47.119
<v Speaker 1>doesn't have everything that shows up in the Star Wars

0:17:47.200 --> 0:17:50.040
<v Speaker 1>films and TV shows, but it has quite a bit, uh,

0:17:50.080 --> 0:17:54.320
<v Speaker 1>you know, everything from you know, from from major characters

0:17:54.400 --> 0:17:57.520
<v Speaker 1>and and and major aliens to even a few things that,

0:17:57.560 --> 0:17:59.520
<v Speaker 1>for instance, only show up in one of the e

0:17:59.640 --> 0:18:03.560
<v Speaker 1>Walks movies. So it's a fun collection. Naturally, of course

0:18:03.560 --> 0:18:05.760
<v Speaker 1>there's an entry on the Mighty Sarlac. So I just

0:18:05.760 --> 0:18:08.240
<v Speaker 1>want to touch on a few of the key points,

0:18:08.680 --> 0:18:11.880
<v Speaker 1>uh that that are that are made in this Lucasfilm

0:18:11.960 --> 0:18:16.120
<v Speaker 1>Press book. First of all, it's described as quote terrifying

0:18:16.240 --> 0:18:20.159
<v Speaker 1>carnivorous beast, and this seems to fall more on the

0:18:20.200 --> 0:18:23.880
<v Speaker 1>animal side of interpretation. Some people try, and I guess,

0:18:23.920 --> 0:18:27.200
<v Speaker 1>explain the Starlac as being more of a plant. Uh,

0:18:27.200 --> 0:18:32.200
<v Speaker 1>and it is sometimes described as reproducing by spores, which

0:18:32.280 --> 0:18:35.080
<v Speaker 1>leads in list to more of a you know, fungal explanation.

0:18:35.400 --> 0:18:37.720
<v Speaker 1>But of course none of this is exactly limiting when

0:18:37.720 --> 0:18:40.840
<v Speaker 1>we're ultimately talking about an alien life form that may

0:18:40.960 --> 0:18:43.840
<v Speaker 1>you know, easily skew the lines that we draw on

0:18:43.920 --> 0:18:47.840
<v Speaker 1>Earth between one kingdom and another. That's exactly right, I mean, yeah,

0:18:47.840 --> 0:18:51.040
<v Speaker 1>if we want to be real technical sticklers, the difference

0:18:51.080 --> 0:18:54.879
<v Speaker 1>between plants and animals is an evolutionary division that you know,

0:18:54.920 --> 0:18:58.040
<v Speaker 1>there they are different clades. You can sort their histories differently,

0:18:58.440 --> 0:19:01.520
<v Speaker 1>and you know, animals arising on other planets might be

0:19:01.720 --> 0:19:04.439
<v Speaker 1>animal like and that they might move around quickly or

0:19:04.440 --> 0:19:06.399
<v Speaker 1>something like that. Or they might be plant like in

0:19:06.440 --> 0:19:10.720
<v Speaker 1>that their sessile and the photosynthesize or whatever. But uh,

0:19:10.760 --> 0:19:13.680
<v Speaker 1>but yeah, they would not be descended from these kingdoms,

0:19:13.680 --> 0:19:17.479
<v Speaker 1>so those sortings wouldn't necessarily even make sense. Yeah. Plus,

0:19:17.520 --> 0:19:20.679
<v Speaker 1>oh man, there's a whole additional, uh deep end we

0:19:20.680 --> 0:19:23.320
<v Speaker 1>could get into if we tried to figure out how

0:19:23.400 --> 0:19:26.960
<v Speaker 1>we consider life in the Star Wars universe, a universe

0:19:26.960 --> 0:19:30.159
<v Speaker 1>where not only do we have um life you know,

0:19:30.520 --> 0:19:34.520
<v Speaker 1>certainly arising on a plethora of different worlds. But also

0:19:34.680 --> 0:19:39.160
<v Speaker 1>you have interstellar life still life that is clinging to asteroids.

0:19:39.280 --> 0:19:43.280
<v Speaker 1>You have pan spermia and colonization taking place that you

0:19:43.320 --> 0:19:46.600
<v Speaker 1>know at you know, at various points in galactic history.

0:19:46.840 --> 0:19:50.000
<v Speaker 1>There's a lot to unpack their deep space evolution. Yeah,

0:19:50.080 --> 0:19:52.960
<v Speaker 1>that's right, the minox they live in a vacuum. How

0:19:53.040 --> 0:19:56.040
<v Speaker 1>is that possible? I don't think a large animal would

0:19:56.080 --> 0:19:57.959
<v Speaker 1>do that. Yeah. Well, that would be a fun one

0:19:58.000 --> 0:20:00.359
<v Speaker 1>to come back to at some point, maybe maybe, maybe

0:20:00.520 --> 0:20:04.040
<v Speaker 1>some some people have written on that topic. Um okay.

0:20:04.040 --> 0:20:06.879
<v Speaker 1>A few other points from the Alien Archive book. Uh.

0:20:07.000 --> 0:20:09.560
<v Speaker 1>They to point out that the star lac of Carcoon

0:20:09.680 --> 0:20:13.160
<v Speaker 1>is sustained at least in part by sacrifices and executions

0:20:13.200 --> 0:20:16.160
<v Speaker 1>by the huts. But they also say that adults are

0:20:16.280 --> 0:20:19.440
<v Speaker 1>lacks such as this one can also release an odor

0:20:19.760 --> 0:20:24.000
<v Speaker 1>that attracts nearby herbivores to the pit. Oh okay, So

0:20:24.040 --> 0:20:26.760
<v Speaker 1>that answer I I that would answer a question that

0:20:26.840 --> 0:20:29.720
<v Speaker 1>I had because I was thinking about how a sarlac

0:20:29.760 --> 0:20:33.360
<v Speaker 1>would normally eat if it's just this, you know, sessile

0:20:33.440 --> 0:20:37.560
<v Speaker 1>pit in the desert. Most sessile trap predators have some

0:20:37.680 --> 0:20:40.760
<v Speaker 1>way of assuring that prey will fall in like sessile

0:20:40.800 --> 0:20:44.400
<v Speaker 1>predators in the ocean will often try to maximize their

0:20:44.440 --> 0:20:47.320
<v Speaker 1>catch by doing their best to latch on in places

0:20:47.359 --> 0:20:52.640
<v Speaker 1>where the current will carry unfortunate prey animals right by them. Otherwise,

0:20:52.640 --> 0:20:55.280
<v Speaker 1>trap predators like some that we'll talk about in a bit,

0:20:55.359 --> 0:20:58.320
<v Speaker 1>like insects that that lay traps in the ground, need

0:20:58.400 --> 0:21:00.760
<v Speaker 1>to find a place where, you know, places that are

0:21:00.840 --> 0:21:03.800
<v Speaker 1>naturally trafficked by prey, places where you know, ants or

0:21:03.840 --> 0:21:07.320
<v Speaker 1>beetles or whatever going to be walking by. Another option

0:21:07.440 --> 0:21:10.680
<v Speaker 1>is to look more at the realm of of plants,

0:21:10.760 --> 0:21:13.159
<v Speaker 1>which you know, let's say, like carnivorous plants like the

0:21:13.200 --> 0:21:15.719
<v Speaker 1>picture plant that's not an animal, but it is a

0:21:15.760 --> 0:21:19.960
<v Speaker 1>predatory organism that functions as a trap pit. And yeah,

0:21:20.000 --> 0:21:23.720
<v Speaker 1>it uses smells to attract animals to it. Yeah, so

0:21:23.760 --> 0:21:26.720
<v Speaker 1>perhaps we might imagine that, um, you know, say that

0:21:26.880 --> 0:21:31.320
<v Speaker 1>the sarlac releases uh uh, some sort of odor that

0:21:31.920 --> 0:21:35.000
<v Speaker 1>mega fauno would associate with an oasis, you know, or

0:21:35.240 --> 0:21:38.520
<v Speaker 1>with with with plant life, and therefore it brings them in.

0:21:38.560 --> 0:21:40.119
<v Speaker 1>It doesn't have to bring them in all the way, right,

0:21:40.160 --> 0:21:42.840
<v Speaker 1>because those tentacles will do the rest of of the job.

0:21:43.400 --> 0:21:45.919
<v Speaker 1>The shifting sand will do you know the rest of

0:21:45.920 --> 0:21:49.600
<v Speaker 1>the work. But but perhaps this odor will be enough

0:21:49.640 --> 0:21:52.440
<v Speaker 1>to just bring in some food. That makes a lot

0:21:52.440 --> 0:21:54.440
<v Speaker 1>more sense than what I had in mind. Yeah, because

0:21:54.440 --> 0:21:56.119
<v Speaker 1>I was just trying to think. Okay, so it just

0:21:56.200 --> 0:21:58.919
<v Speaker 1>waits until a banta wanders and seems like you'd be

0:21:58.920 --> 0:22:03.359
<v Speaker 1>waiting a long time yea once a millennium. The Alien

0:22:03.480 --> 0:22:07.200
<v Speaker 1>Archive also points out that the creature has several stomachs,

0:22:07.200 --> 0:22:09.359
<v Speaker 1>which you know, I guess makes sense given a lengthy

0:22:10.200 --> 0:22:13.760
<v Speaker 1>digestive process. Also says that it's average length is of

0:22:13.880 --> 0:22:18.560
<v Speaker 1>one and this is interesting. It contends that younger star

0:22:18.680 --> 0:22:23.320
<v Speaker 1>Lacks are capable of moving about to capture food, which, um,

0:22:23.680 --> 0:22:26.080
<v Speaker 1>which is an interesting detail. But I think one that

0:22:26.400 --> 0:22:29.560
<v Speaker 1>you brought up is is kind of supported by an

0:22:29.600 --> 0:22:33.399
<v Speaker 1>old Super Nintendo game, right, Oh that's right. Yeah, So

0:22:33.520 --> 0:22:35.760
<v Speaker 1>I I was trying to remember, don't you fight a

0:22:35.840 --> 0:22:39.320
<v Speaker 1>sarlac in like the old Super Nintendo Superstar Wars game?

0:22:39.920 --> 0:22:42.359
<v Speaker 1>So I looked up the boss fight on YouTube. Robert,

0:22:42.359 --> 0:22:45.199
<v Speaker 1>did you watch it? I did. Yes, It's terrible. It

0:22:45.240 --> 0:22:47.760
<v Speaker 1>doesn't capture the star Lac magic at all because it's

0:22:47.800 --> 0:22:49.879
<v Speaker 1>not a pit. It's just like a big worm that

0:22:49.960 --> 0:22:52.439
<v Speaker 1>comes up out of the ground and it moves around

0:22:52.440 --> 0:22:54.960
<v Speaker 1>and spits rocks at you. That's not a star Lac.

0:22:55.200 --> 0:22:57.960
<v Speaker 1>But but maybe it's supposed to be a young Starlac

0:22:58.040 --> 0:23:00.480
<v Speaker 1>a different part of its life cycle. I I guess.

0:23:00.520 --> 0:23:02.720
<v Speaker 1>So if we were, if we were to force ourselves

0:23:02.800 --> 0:23:06.000
<v Speaker 1>to to take that boss fight and incorporate it into

0:23:06.200 --> 0:23:08.160
<v Speaker 1>into Star Wars canon, I think that's the only way

0:23:08.160 --> 0:23:12.400
<v Speaker 1>you could go that Basically we'd be looking at, uh,

0:23:12.440 --> 0:23:15.120
<v Speaker 1>you know, say a four part lifespan that goes like this.

0:23:15.440 --> 0:23:18.080
<v Speaker 1>You have a spore of the star lack that's carried

0:23:18.160 --> 0:23:20.280
<v Speaker 1>by the you know, the dust storms. Then you have

0:23:20.320 --> 0:23:23.119
<v Speaker 1>some sort of burrowing larva, and then you have a

0:23:23.280 --> 0:23:27.240
<v Speaker 1>sandworm esque burrowing juvenile like we see in the Super

0:23:27.320 --> 0:23:30.600
<v Speaker 1>in ne S game. And then that eventually, if it survives,

0:23:30.640 --> 0:23:33.600
<v Speaker 1>will become a stationary adult like we see in Return

0:23:33.640 --> 0:23:36.240
<v Speaker 1>of the Jedi. That is very interesting, and it's also

0:23:36.320 --> 0:23:39.240
<v Speaker 1>interesting how that is going to be the exact inverse

0:23:39.560 --> 0:23:42.240
<v Speaker 1>of some examples. Will look at from the from the

0:23:42.320 --> 0:23:45.320
<v Speaker 1>natural world in a bit where there are things that

0:23:45.359 --> 0:23:48.560
<v Speaker 1>are only a trap predator for part of their life cycle,

0:23:48.600 --> 0:23:52.000
<v Speaker 1>but it actually comes at the beginning rather than the end. Yeah,

0:23:52.040 --> 0:23:55.840
<v Speaker 1>that's true. Uh, it's interesting that if we were to

0:23:55.960 --> 0:23:59.160
<v Speaker 1>really look for some potential real world analogs that match

0:23:59.240 --> 0:24:04.280
<v Speaker 1>this basic uh you know, four part transformation, I'd say

0:24:04.320 --> 0:24:08.560
<v Speaker 1>that something like this mostly resembles the life cycles uh

0:24:08.760 --> 0:24:11.800
<v Speaker 1>that we would see in uh say corals or perhaps

0:24:11.840 --> 0:24:14.760
<v Speaker 1>a barnacle, both of which we've discussed in depth on

0:24:14.800 --> 0:24:18.159
<v Speaker 1>the show before. Um, you know the idea that this

0:24:18.200 --> 0:24:21.480
<v Speaker 1>is something that is free swimming earlier in its development,

0:24:21.520 --> 0:24:24.520
<v Speaker 1>but then initially eventually puts down roots and stays there

0:24:25.040 --> 0:24:27.840
<v Speaker 1>for the rest of its life. Yeah, that's interesting. Well, well,

0:24:27.840 --> 0:24:29.480
<v Speaker 1>maybe we need to take a break, but when we

0:24:29.520 --> 0:24:32.520
<v Speaker 1>come back, we can talk about Pitt monster mythology and

0:24:32.680 --> 0:24:36.520
<v Speaker 1>about h pit trap predators in the natural world. All right,

0:24:36.560 --> 0:24:42.960
<v Speaker 1>we'll be right back. Than alright, we're back now. Either

0:24:43.000 --> 0:24:45.320
<v Speaker 1>way you look at it, h I'd say the star

0:24:45.400 --> 0:24:49.280
<v Speaker 1>Lack is a creature with with fittingly deep mythological roots.

0:24:49.960 --> 0:24:52.400
<v Speaker 1>It is in essence as you as you pointed out,

0:24:52.560 --> 0:24:55.879
<v Speaker 1>the earth swallowing up the living, with key ties to

0:24:56.160 --> 0:25:01.800
<v Speaker 1>understandings and interpretations of earthquakes sink whole just caves in general,

0:25:01.840 --> 0:25:05.600
<v Speaker 1>but also other land based catastrophes. So, in preparing for

0:25:05.640 --> 0:25:08.840
<v Speaker 1>this episode, I wanted to look something up, something that

0:25:08.880 --> 0:25:11.240
<v Speaker 1>I've always assumed because you see it in movies. You

0:25:11.240 --> 0:25:13.000
<v Speaker 1>know the scene in the movie where there is an

0:25:13.040 --> 0:25:17.160
<v Speaker 1>earthquake and the ground opens up, there's this giant fissure,

0:25:17.320 --> 0:25:21.359
<v Speaker 1>then everything just disappears super deep into the earth. Uh.

0:25:21.520 --> 0:25:24.080
<v Speaker 1>I was like, wait a minute, does that happen in

0:25:24.119 --> 0:25:27.800
<v Speaker 1>real life? Basically? From what I could tell most of

0:25:27.840 --> 0:25:31.640
<v Speaker 1>the time, No, I think it's not, in principle impossible.

0:25:32.000 --> 0:25:34.680
<v Speaker 1>But generally in earthquakes there might be you know, fissures

0:25:34.720 --> 0:25:36.720
<v Speaker 1>that form in the ground, but they don't You don't

0:25:36.720 --> 0:25:39.639
<v Speaker 1>get these deep chasms going down into the belly of

0:25:39.640 --> 0:25:42.600
<v Speaker 1>the earth that you know, swallow people and buildings. Hold

0:25:42.680 --> 0:25:45.280
<v Speaker 1>that if that happens at all, that does not happen

0:25:45.440 --> 0:25:49.800
<v Speaker 1>very often. Yeah, that that specifically happens in the Force Awakens.

0:25:49.840 --> 0:25:52.159
<v Speaker 1>Remember when Ray is having that duel with Kylo Wren

0:25:52.160 --> 0:25:55.520
<v Speaker 1>and then the the the earth shakes and suddenly there's

0:25:55.600 --> 0:25:59.040
<v Speaker 1>this this deep gulf between them, which is, you know,

0:25:59.160 --> 0:26:02.520
<v Speaker 1>awesome in a film, but maybe not that likely uh

0:26:02.640 --> 0:26:05.960
<v Speaker 1>in the real world. Yeah, but it's interesting that So

0:26:06.440 --> 0:26:09.000
<v Speaker 1>if this doesn't actually happen in reality, or at least

0:26:09.000 --> 0:26:11.600
<v Speaker 1>doesn't happen often enough for people to you know, really

0:26:11.800 --> 0:26:13.439
<v Speaker 1>see it and make a meme out of it in

0:26:13.480 --> 0:26:15.919
<v Speaker 1>their culture. Where does this idea come from? Because it

0:26:15.960 --> 0:26:18.640
<v Speaker 1>goes way back, the idea that the earth like cracks

0:26:18.680 --> 0:26:22.600
<v Speaker 1>open and swallows people whole. Right, Yeah, I remember, like, well,

0:26:22.600 --> 0:26:24.960
<v Speaker 1>first of all, I probably saw it in various films

0:26:25.240 --> 0:26:28.959
<v Speaker 1>growing up as well, but I specifically remember having an

0:26:28.960 --> 0:26:33.760
<v Speaker 1>illustrated um Bible stories book and it had an illustration

0:26:34.280 --> 0:26:36.600
<v Speaker 1>of of what I what I seem to remember being

0:26:36.680 --> 0:26:39.320
<v Speaker 1>the this episode from the Book of Numbers in the

0:26:39.359 --> 0:26:44.000
<v Speaker 1>Old Testament, which this is the the King James version quote,

0:26:44.359 --> 0:26:46.920
<v Speaker 1>and the earth opened its mouth and swallow them up

0:26:47.200 --> 0:26:50.840
<v Speaker 1>with their households, and all the men with Cora, with

0:26:50.880 --> 0:26:55.240
<v Speaker 1>all their goods. Wow. Well yeah, that's basically what the

0:26:55.240 --> 0:26:59.280
<v Speaker 1>Earthquake movie pictures. Yeah, so you know it's it's I

0:26:59.280 --> 0:27:02.520
<v Speaker 1>guess it's a pretty deeply set idea in that respect.

0:27:03.200 --> 0:27:05.200
<v Speaker 1>So I was looking around to see if I could

0:27:05.200 --> 0:27:09.399
<v Speaker 1>come across any other like specific ideas of monsters or

0:27:09.520 --> 0:27:12.560
<v Speaker 1>gods or you know, the adventures of a hero that

0:27:12.720 --> 0:27:16.399
<v Speaker 1>involves something like the Sarlac. And what I what I

0:27:16.480 --> 0:27:18.919
<v Speaker 1>came across is maybe not a you know a directly

0:27:19.280 --> 0:27:22.480
<v Speaker 1>related example, but but I think once I explain it,

0:27:22.520 --> 0:27:24.720
<v Speaker 1>people will see a number of parallels that are pretty

0:27:24.760 --> 0:27:29.760
<v Speaker 1>pretty interesting. This is from the Mesoamerican mythology of the Aztecs,

0:27:30.040 --> 0:27:34.800
<v Speaker 1>the earth goddess tlou Tekutali that is t l A

0:27:35.080 --> 0:27:37.840
<v Speaker 1>l t e c u h t l I and

0:27:37.960 --> 0:27:42.920
<v Speaker 1>most translations, and man, she's a really interesting earth goddess.

0:27:44.080 --> 0:27:49.480
<v Speaker 1>And yes, so for starters, she embodies a typical primordial

0:27:49.680 --> 0:27:54.120
<v Speaker 1>god goddess archetype of a divided and dismembered form who

0:27:54.240 --> 0:27:58.159
<v Speaker 1>scattered pieces constitute the world, and we see that a

0:27:58.160 --> 0:28:03.640
<v Speaker 1>lot in mythologies. But she is also monstrous, incorporating amphibian

0:28:03.680 --> 0:28:07.239
<v Speaker 1>and reptile morphology, and she is also presented as an

0:28:07.280 --> 0:28:10.800
<v Speaker 1>eater of the dead, so the blood of human sacrifice

0:28:11.000 --> 0:28:13.679
<v Speaker 1>flows into the earth to feed her, and she is

0:28:13.720 --> 0:28:17.040
<v Speaker 1>often depicted with a flint knife between her teeth and

0:28:17.320 --> 0:28:20.840
<v Speaker 1>or rivers of blood flowing from her mouth. She's also

0:28:20.920 --> 0:28:24.159
<v Speaker 1>seen as a boundary deity, bridging the world of a

0:28:24.240 --> 0:28:27.600
<v Speaker 1>living to Micklin the world of the dead, and her

0:28:27.720 --> 0:28:31.399
<v Speaker 1>role here is essentially one of of maintaining balance, and

0:28:31.480 --> 0:28:36.280
<v Speaker 1>therefore sacrifices made to her are about keeping into the

0:28:36.320 --> 0:28:39.240
<v Speaker 1>balance of the world's together. I mean, she is the earth,

0:28:39.480 --> 0:28:42.440
<v Speaker 1>and she is also this bridge between our world and

0:28:42.440 --> 0:28:44.400
<v Speaker 1>the world of the dead. And when you look at

0:28:44.640 --> 0:28:47.120
<v Speaker 1>likenesses of her, this is also interesting. Her likeness was

0:28:47.200 --> 0:28:50.560
<v Speaker 1>often carved into the base of sculptures, you know, where

0:28:50.720 --> 0:28:53.080
<v Speaker 1>humans could not see them once the sculpture was in

0:28:53.160 --> 0:28:56.719
<v Speaker 1>place where the sculpture touched the earth. So you know

0:28:56.760 --> 0:28:59.040
<v Speaker 1>that the living would not see this. It's it's as

0:28:59.080 --> 0:29:03.320
<v Speaker 1>if it was only to be seen by her. Interesting. Now,

0:29:03.320 --> 0:29:05.680
<v Speaker 1>her color was red, which is of course the color

0:29:05.760 --> 0:29:09.480
<v Speaker 1>for blood associated with sacrifice, but red was also the

0:29:09.520 --> 0:29:12.400
<v Speaker 1>color of sunset because at night she was said to

0:29:12.440 --> 0:29:14.680
<v Speaker 1>consume the sun. We think of the you know, the

0:29:14.720 --> 0:29:19.000
<v Speaker 1>setting sun. Uh seemingly too to be consumed by the

0:29:19.040 --> 0:29:21.880
<v Speaker 1>earth and then night sets in Yeah, and this is

0:29:21.880 --> 0:29:24.800
<v Speaker 1>a motif we see in other mythologies from around the world.

0:29:24.800 --> 0:29:27.560
<v Speaker 1>I think there are the god or the monster that

0:29:27.640 --> 0:29:30.520
<v Speaker 1>eats the sun appears in Egyptian mythology I believe in

0:29:30.840 --> 0:29:34.720
<v Speaker 1>in Hindu stories. Yes, yes, indeed, Now, if you look

0:29:34.840 --> 0:29:39.600
<v Speaker 1>up some interpretations of this goddess Uh, you'll find at

0:29:39.680 --> 0:29:41.840
<v Speaker 1>least a couple of different versions. One is more of

0:29:41.880 --> 0:29:45.320
<v Speaker 1>a uh, you know, more of a just a monstrous

0:29:45.400 --> 0:29:48.720
<v Speaker 1>feminine form. But there's another one that's really interesting where

0:29:48.760 --> 0:29:52.320
<v Speaker 1>it's kind of the squat toadlike creature with its mouth

0:29:52.520 --> 0:29:56.560
<v Speaker 1>open skyward towards the eagle and uh. And this one

0:29:56.680 --> 0:29:58.760
<v Speaker 1>really makes me think of the starlight because it is

0:29:58.840 --> 0:30:03.960
<v Speaker 1>like a mouth opened wide towards the heavens now. I

0:30:03.960 --> 0:30:05.840
<v Speaker 1>think all this is interesting in context of the star

0:30:05.960 --> 0:30:08.960
<v Speaker 1>Lak because the star Lak two is presented as something

0:30:09.000 --> 0:30:12.600
<v Speaker 1>that is perhaps divine and to some degree immortal, and

0:30:13.120 --> 0:30:17.360
<v Speaker 1>an entity that demands sacrificial victims as well, and something

0:30:17.400 --> 0:30:21.480
<v Speaker 1>of a gateway between our world and a hellish underworld. Again,

0:30:21.520 --> 0:30:24.480
<v Speaker 1>think back to that, to that idea of a thousand

0:30:24.560 --> 0:30:29.000
<v Speaker 1>years of digestion in the belly of the star lak Um.

0:30:29.040 --> 0:30:31.880
<v Speaker 1>I remember this was explored to a wonderful effect in

0:30:32.640 --> 0:30:36.120
<v Speaker 1>a short story. This was by um an author by

0:30:36.120 --> 0:30:41.080
<v Speaker 1>the name of Daniel keys Moran published under the name J. D. Montgomery,

0:30:41.160 --> 0:30:45.160
<v Speaker 1>and it was in a short story collection called Tale

0:30:45.200 --> 0:30:48.880
<v Speaker 1>from Jabas Palace titled a bar of like that The

0:30:48.920 --> 0:30:51.880
<v Speaker 1>Tale of Boba Fette Um And I haven't read it

0:30:51.920 --> 0:30:54.719
<v Speaker 1>since junior high school, but I remember really loving it

0:30:54.720 --> 0:30:57.360
<v Speaker 1>because it it kind of scratched that itch of like, oh,

0:30:57.440 --> 0:30:59.920
<v Speaker 1>I must know how Boba Fette escapes from the star Lack.

0:31:00.480 --> 0:31:03.000
<v Speaker 1>You know, you must write it for me, make it happen.

0:31:03.520 --> 0:31:06.200
<v Speaker 1>Uh And so it succeeded in that, but it also

0:31:06.760 --> 0:31:10.360
<v Speaker 1>presented digestion in the Starlac as being this kind of

0:31:10.440 --> 0:31:14.360
<v Speaker 1>sentient immortality of pain. I have so many thoughts about this.

0:31:14.560 --> 0:31:17.120
<v Speaker 1>Uh So, first of all, I'm thinking about all of

0:31:17.160 --> 0:31:21.120
<v Speaker 1>the like sort of off label Star Wars fiction that

0:31:21.160 --> 0:31:23.680
<v Speaker 1>I read in the nineties. I didn't read as much

0:31:23.680 --> 0:31:25.479
<v Speaker 1>of it as some people did, but I do remember

0:31:25.480 --> 0:31:28.280
<v Speaker 1>I read some series of books that involved people who

0:31:28.320 --> 0:31:31.640
<v Speaker 1>had three eyes and like a whole bunch of weirdness.

0:31:32.000 --> 0:31:33.760
<v Speaker 1>But the other thing is, I'm sorry if this is

0:31:33.800 --> 0:31:36.400
<v Speaker 1>a is a frivolous side trail that I've got to

0:31:36.440 --> 0:31:38.600
<v Speaker 1>ask you, Robert, do you have an opinion on the

0:31:38.640 --> 0:31:43.760
<v Speaker 1>belch the star Lac burp oh after fat falls in? Yeah,

0:31:43.760 --> 0:31:45.880
<v Speaker 1>it doesn't fat fall in? And then and then the

0:31:45.920 --> 0:31:50.080
<v Speaker 1>thing just it burps it. I'm not mistaken about this, right, No, No,

0:31:50.120 --> 0:31:53.000
<v Speaker 1>I believe it does burp um pro burb or anti

0:31:53.040 --> 0:31:56.680
<v Speaker 1>berb I guess I'm I'm pro burb It's it's fun

0:31:56.920 --> 0:31:59.040
<v Speaker 1>it's funny. I was probably there was probably a point

0:31:59.280 --> 0:32:01.920
<v Speaker 1>that I'm not specif typically remembering in my Star Wars

0:32:01.920 --> 0:32:04.040
<v Speaker 1>worst fandom, where I probably thought I was above it

0:32:04.240 --> 0:32:06.560
<v Speaker 1>and thought that that belt should be edited out because

0:32:06.600 --> 0:32:09.680
<v Speaker 1>I also didn't want any indication that Fett was gone

0:32:10.040 --> 0:32:12.400
<v Speaker 1>and that a belt should be uh you know his

0:32:12.600 --> 0:32:15.840
<v Speaker 1>um uh you know his tombstone. But you know, I

0:32:16.040 --> 0:32:18.080
<v Speaker 1>don't really have any strong opinions about it now. It

0:32:18.120 --> 0:32:22.560
<v Speaker 1>seemed an ignominious end for this, this much beloved minor character,

0:32:23.120 --> 0:32:25.600
<v Speaker 1>and uh, I think I think it bothered me when

0:32:25.600 --> 0:32:27.680
<v Speaker 1>I was younger, when I also thought Boba Fette was

0:32:27.720 --> 0:32:30.520
<v Speaker 1>so cool. I just gotta say, I'm about to earn

0:32:30.640 --> 0:32:32.240
<v Speaker 1>us all the hate mail we're going to get for

0:32:32.280 --> 0:32:35.560
<v Speaker 1>the rest of the year. Boba Fette's armor looks cool,

0:32:35.600 --> 0:32:39.040
<v Speaker 1>but I don't actually get what is just like, mind

0:32:39.200 --> 0:32:42.200
<v Speaker 1>meltingly amazing about him. Two people, I just feel like

0:32:42.480 --> 0:32:44.720
<v Speaker 1>he's a kind of cool looking character. He's got like

0:32:44.760 --> 0:32:48.080
<v Speaker 1>five lines. Yeah, yeah, I think it comes back to

0:32:48.160 --> 0:32:50.720
<v Speaker 1>like the less you know, right, there was mystery about

0:32:50.840 --> 0:32:54.680
<v Speaker 1>really all those bounty hunters and um, you know, who

0:32:54.720 --> 0:32:57.760
<v Speaker 1>were these guys? What what was their deal? You know what?

0:32:57.760 --> 0:32:59.760
<v Speaker 1>What was the I like the one that's got like

0:32:59.800 --> 0:33:03.120
<v Speaker 1>in sec dies like a fly's head. Yeah, he's good.

0:33:03.240 --> 0:33:06.280
<v Speaker 1>Or the reptilian one with the long arms. And I'm sorry,

0:33:06.280 --> 0:33:08.920
<v Speaker 1>I know they all have names and species and uh

0:33:08.960 --> 0:33:11.360
<v Speaker 1>I if I had my alien archive book in front

0:33:11.400 --> 0:33:14.120
<v Speaker 1>of me, I would look them up. But but basically

0:33:14.120 --> 0:33:16.600
<v Speaker 1>it's a wonderful rogues gallery. Well. I don't have a

0:33:16.600 --> 0:33:18.960
<v Speaker 1>firm position on the burp, but you know what, I'll

0:33:19.000 --> 0:33:22.320
<v Speaker 1>support you in your decision, so so have me on board.

0:33:22.360 --> 0:33:25.480
<v Speaker 1>I'm probb too. Yeah, I mean it's star Lag getting

0:33:25.760 --> 0:33:27.840
<v Speaker 1>a good laugh there. I I think I think it

0:33:27.880 --> 0:33:30.560
<v Speaker 1>was well received by my son. Now, I want to

0:33:30.560 --> 0:33:32.960
<v Speaker 1>talk a little bit more about mythology here because I

0:33:33.000 --> 0:33:36.960
<v Speaker 1>feel like there's an excellent connection to be made um Specifically,

0:33:36.960 --> 0:33:41.640
<v Speaker 1>I'm thinking about a parallel here in Greek mythology, where

0:33:41.640 --> 0:33:45.640
<v Speaker 1>of course we have Skilla and Charybdis, the twin oceanic

0:33:45.720 --> 0:33:51.120
<v Speaker 1>dangers that Odysseus must sail between the very horns of dilemma. Uh.

0:33:51.160 --> 0:33:54.920
<v Speaker 1>These are magnificent monstrosities. Oh yeah, the classics. I mean,

0:33:55.000 --> 0:33:58.040
<v Speaker 1>like the ultimate sea monster. How could you beat it? Yeah?

0:33:58.120 --> 0:34:01.800
<v Speaker 1>So Charybdis. I I think it's the most obvious analog here.

0:34:02.000 --> 0:34:06.480
<v Speaker 1>An underwater monster of varying description that above water is

0:34:06.520 --> 0:34:09.640
<v Speaker 1>just seen as this massive whirlpool that threatens to swallow

0:34:09.719 --> 0:34:13.279
<v Speaker 1>up any ship that comes near it. Meanwhile, Skilla is

0:34:13.320 --> 0:34:16.560
<v Speaker 1>this multi headed beast that plucks men from their ships.

0:34:16.880 --> 0:34:21.040
<v Speaker 1>Now the star Lack basically incorporates elements from both of

0:34:21.080 --> 0:34:24.200
<v Speaker 1>these monsters, because we have to remember that, Okay, Tattooing

0:34:24.320 --> 0:34:27.680
<v Speaker 1>is a desert world, but the dune sea has all

0:34:27.719 --> 0:34:30.759
<v Speaker 1>of these oceanic qualities to it as well. And in fact,

0:34:30.800 --> 0:34:33.040
<v Speaker 1>I mean the whole encounter in Return of the Jedi

0:34:33.200 --> 0:34:36.600
<v Speaker 1>is essentially the sci Fi mash up of nautical and

0:34:36.680 --> 0:34:39.880
<v Speaker 1>swashbuckling tropes. Oh yeah, I mean, I think that's the

0:34:39.880 --> 0:34:42.040
<v Speaker 1>thing people might not realize if they're not familiar with

0:34:42.040 --> 0:34:45.000
<v Speaker 1>the old Errol Flynn pirate movies and stuff like that.

0:34:45.040 --> 0:34:47.960
<v Speaker 1>But clearly they're walking the plank off the skiff. This

0:34:48.040 --> 0:34:50.080
<v Speaker 1>is supposed to be boats on the ocean. Job of

0:34:50.120 --> 0:34:54.040
<v Speaker 1>the Hut is an evil pirate captain. Yes, yes, so,

0:34:54.120 --> 0:34:57.000
<v Speaker 1>I mean it makes perfect sense that the cryptis analog

0:34:57.360 --> 0:35:01.359
<v Speaker 1>here becomes very clear. And I should also point out

0:35:01.400 --> 0:35:04.759
<v Speaker 1>that for anybody out there who maybe a Percy Jackson fan.

0:35:05.239 --> 0:35:09.680
<v Speaker 1>In uh, the film adaptation Percy of Percy Jackson Sea

0:35:09.680 --> 0:35:13.359
<v Speaker 1>of Monsters, it has a wonderful crybdis in it. Uh,

0:35:13.440 --> 0:35:16.200
<v Speaker 1>Crybta shows up and really takes on a very star

0:35:16.320 --> 0:35:20.120
<v Speaker 1>lackey in appearance, no doubt playing up on this connection. Yeah,

0:35:20.200 --> 0:35:22.520
<v Speaker 1>you attached an image. It is a very good looking

0:35:22.560 --> 0:35:25.000
<v Speaker 1>mall and it's got the inward facing spike teeth. I

0:35:25.080 --> 0:35:27.560
<v Speaker 1>like it a lot. Yeah, it's it's quite it's quite

0:35:27.560 --> 0:35:30.080
<v Speaker 1>a wonderful sequence. Like if you if you just want

0:35:30.080 --> 0:35:31.840
<v Speaker 1>to check it out for no other reason, check it

0:35:31.840 --> 0:35:34.799
<v Speaker 1>out for that. Uh, it's pretty fun as well. Uh. Now,

0:35:34.840 --> 0:35:37.680
<v Speaker 1>my son and my wife who have read the book

0:35:37.719 --> 0:35:40.440
<v Speaker 1>tell me that in the book, uh, both Skilla and

0:35:40.520 --> 0:35:43.279
<v Speaker 1>cryb does show up, but in the movie we're just

0:35:43.320 --> 0:35:47.000
<v Speaker 1>stuck with the whirlpool. But still the whirlpool is fabulous. Now,

0:35:47.040 --> 0:35:49.640
<v Speaker 1>I think maybe it's time to turn to the natural

0:35:49.640 --> 0:35:52.600
<v Speaker 1>world and look at some animals that that even here

0:35:52.640 --> 0:35:56.120
<v Speaker 1>on Earth somewhat mimic the sarlac. Now, there there might

0:35:56.160 --> 0:35:59.200
<v Speaker 1>be one that you out there are already thinking of,

0:35:59.280 --> 0:36:02.640
<v Speaker 1>because it's it's it's quite monstrously close though on a

0:36:02.719 --> 0:36:05.600
<v Speaker 1>much smaller scale, and that would be, of course, the

0:36:05.640 --> 0:36:09.840
<v Speaker 1>ant lion. Yes, uh, the ant lion is is certainly

0:36:09.960 --> 0:36:12.080
<v Speaker 1>the first place that my mind goes when I think

0:36:12.120 --> 0:36:14.640
<v Speaker 1>of the star lac because it's also something that I

0:36:14.719 --> 0:36:17.960
<v Speaker 1>definitely remember encountering as a child. Getting to see the

0:36:18.000 --> 0:36:20.680
<v Speaker 1>ant lions in action. Uh, you know, and try and

0:36:20.760 --> 0:36:22.799
<v Speaker 1>you know, ultimately try and trigger them to you know,

0:36:22.840 --> 0:36:24.759
<v Speaker 1>try and get them to to eat the ends of

0:36:24.760 --> 0:36:27.319
<v Speaker 1>sticks and whatnot, which I'm not recommending you do, but

0:36:27.480 --> 0:36:30.360
<v Speaker 1>if you get a chance to observe an ant lion

0:36:30.520 --> 0:36:33.239
<v Speaker 1>in the wild, it's worth checking out. Robert, where did

0:36:33.280 --> 0:36:36.040
<v Speaker 1>you encounter them? Were you in the Southwest? I know,

0:36:36.200 --> 0:36:41.239
<v Speaker 1>in Arizona or wherever? Uh this, I definitely remember encountering

0:36:41.280 --> 0:36:45.239
<v Speaker 1>them in Tennessee. Actually, yeah, like this would have been

0:36:45.600 --> 0:36:51.200
<v Speaker 1>um north western Tennessee. I remember encountering them there. Maybe

0:36:51.280 --> 0:36:53.480
<v Speaker 1>my mind was primed for Arizona because I just know

0:36:53.640 --> 0:36:56.360
<v Speaker 1>that that's where they shot the star Lac scenes. I

0:36:56.400 --> 0:36:58.839
<v Speaker 1>think it was near Yuma that they did that. But yeah,

0:36:58.840 --> 0:37:00.960
<v Speaker 1>I guess the rain ing of the ant lion is

0:37:01.040 --> 0:37:04.200
<v Speaker 1>much wider. Yeah, I mean it needs sand or loose soil.

0:37:04.320 --> 0:37:08.719
<v Speaker 1>But uh, I understand it's fairly widespread. Now, I will say,

0:37:08.719 --> 0:37:11.839
<v Speaker 1>I am just recalling a childhood memory here. It is

0:37:12.120 --> 0:37:14.759
<v Speaker 1>entirely possible that I was observing something else and thought

0:37:14.760 --> 0:37:17.480
<v Speaker 1>it was an ant lion, or that my memory has

0:37:17.520 --> 0:37:20.759
<v Speaker 1>some other has become altered one way or another. But

0:37:20.840 --> 0:37:22.960
<v Speaker 1>I'm pretty sure I saw an antline. Oh, I'm not

0:37:23.040 --> 0:37:26.320
<v Speaker 1>doubting you. The ant lion, as we alluded to earlier

0:37:26.360 --> 0:37:28.719
<v Speaker 1>when we were talking about life cycles of of the

0:37:28.760 --> 0:37:32.279
<v Speaker 1>possible sarlac or or analogs in the natural world, the

0:37:32.400 --> 0:37:35.320
<v Speaker 1>ant lion, as we know it is, is actually mainly

0:37:35.600 --> 0:37:40.040
<v Speaker 1>one stage of the life of a certain insect. That's right,

0:37:40.120 --> 0:37:43.440
<v Speaker 1>it's the it's the larval form of a rather nondescript

0:37:43.920 --> 0:37:47.920
<v Speaker 1>of flying romellion today, insect of which there are some

0:37:47.960 --> 0:37:52.120
<v Speaker 1>two thousand individual species. So, in other words, the ant lion,

0:37:52.200 --> 0:37:55.400
<v Speaker 1>the larval form here is a high is highly interesting

0:37:55.400 --> 0:37:59.000
<v Speaker 1>and unique, while the adult form is basically a short lived,

0:37:59.080 --> 0:38:02.120
<v Speaker 1>I mean, very short lived flying nothing that is far

0:38:02.200 --> 0:38:06.879
<v Speaker 1>less studied. I mean, when you got you got one

0:38:06.920 --> 0:38:09.560
<v Speaker 1>stage of your life cycle where you become a sarlac,

0:38:09.880 --> 0:38:11.920
<v Speaker 1>you're just not going to get a lot of attention

0:38:12.040 --> 0:38:13.760
<v Speaker 1>for the part of your life where you grow wings

0:38:13.800 --> 0:38:17.160
<v Speaker 1>and fly around and land on plants. Yeah. So let's

0:38:17.160 --> 0:38:20.080
<v Speaker 1>talk about the larval form first. So the larval ant lion,

0:38:20.280 --> 0:38:22.160
<v Speaker 1>and I recommend looking at the picture of this anyone

0:38:22.200 --> 0:38:25.280
<v Speaker 1>if you you have seen an illustration, because it's really gnarly.

0:38:25.880 --> 0:38:29.600
<v Speaker 1>It has this globular abdomen, a narrow head in a

0:38:29.680 --> 0:38:34.120
<v Speaker 1>set of vicious sickle shaped mandibles. Some species but not all,

0:38:34.719 --> 0:38:37.480
<v Speaker 1>famously make their home at the bottom of a shallow pit,

0:38:37.880 --> 0:38:41.200
<v Speaker 1>a shallow pit trap that they make themselves, uh. And

0:38:41.239 --> 0:38:44.840
<v Speaker 1>then they produce this by burrowing backwards in a circle,

0:38:45.160 --> 0:38:47.960
<v Speaker 1>flicking loose soil or sand out of the way as

0:38:48.040 --> 0:38:51.600
<v Speaker 1>they go. And then once they're situated, only those twin

0:38:51.680 --> 0:38:54.719
<v Speaker 1>mandibles remain visible, poking out of the bottom of this

0:38:54.840 --> 0:38:57.600
<v Speaker 1>sand pit. Yeah. So, so they form this thing, like

0:38:57.600 --> 0:38:59.879
<v Speaker 1>you're saying, by sort of digging around in the con

0:39:00.040 --> 0:39:04.440
<v Speaker 1>goal in a conical shape, going backwards, flinging the sand

0:39:04.480 --> 0:39:08.040
<v Speaker 1>out until they've created this pit that's got these sort

0:39:08.040 --> 0:39:11.040
<v Speaker 1>of perfectly sloped conical sides. It's like a you know,

0:39:11.160 --> 0:39:14.520
<v Speaker 1>like a coffee filter sort of uh. And it reminds

0:39:14.520 --> 0:39:18.080
<v Speaker 1>me of the episodes we did about spiderweb cognition because, um,

0:39:18.640 --> 0:39:22.160
<v Speaker 1>you know, it's interesting to think about the underlying algorithms

0:39:22.640 --> 0:39:25.319
<v Speaker 1>in an animal's brain, like in the spider's brain that

0:39:25.400 --> 0:39:27.719
<v Speaker 1>produced the web, or in the ant lion's brain that

0:39:27.920 --> 0:39:30.800
<v Speaker 1>enable it to make these perfect little conical pit traps.

0:39:31.160 --> 0:39:32.959
<v Speaker 1>And I remember one of the things we talked about

0:39:32.960 --> 0:39:36.160
<v Speaker 1>in that other episode about spiderweb cognition was how beautiful

0:39:36.200 --> 0:39:41.000
<v Speaker 1>and complex patterns emerge in spiderwebs, even based on extremely

0:39:41.120 --> 0:39:44.759
<v Speaker 1>simple algorithms for spinning, which, of course, the spiders can

0:39:44.840 --> 0:39:47.839
<v Speaker 1>vary to adapt to environmental conditions. And I think there

0:39:47.880 --> 0:39:51.120
<v Speaker 1>are some environmental variables that that work on ant lions

0:39:51.160 --> 0:39:54.000
<v Speaker 1>as well. This might include things like the depth of

0:39:54.080 --> 0:39:56.920
<v Speaker 1>the sand and the grain size. I was looking at

0:39:56.920 --> 0:39:59.600
<v Speaker 1>one study that said apparently ant lions and a similar

0:39:59.640 --> 0:40:03.239
<v Speaker 1>prejuctor are called worm lions tend to prefer finer and

0:40:03.360 --> 0:40:07.800
<v Speaker 1>deeper sand. The finer sand, I'm sure better to trap

0:40:07.840 --> 0:40:11.080
<v Speaker 1>you with. Exactly, so, how does this trapping work? Well?

0:40:11.280 --> 0:40:14.480
<v Speaker 1>When ants or other small insects fall into the pit,

0:40:15.040 --> 0:40:18.560
<v Speaker 1>the ant lion throws up more sand, like flicks more

0:40:18.680 --> 0:40:22.719
<v Speaker 1>sand up towards the would be victim in order to

0:40:22.800 --> 0:40:25.880
<v Speaker 1>keep them from escaping and then they grapple their victim

0:40:25.960 --> 0:40:29.440
<v Speaker 1>at the bottom of that pit, piercing their body with

0:40:29.480 --> 0:40:32.680
<v Speaker 1>those mandibles and sucking out the fluids. Afterwards, the ant

0:40:32.719 --> 0:40:36.640
<v Speaker 1>lion flicks the desiccated corpse out and then resets the

0:40:36.680 --> 0:40:39.640
<v Speaker 1>pit for its next meal. Yeah. The and you can

0:40:39.640 --> 0:40:42.200
<v Speaker 1>look up video of this of them literally just throwing

0:40:42.520 --> 0:40:45.640
<v Speaker 1>like desiccated ant bodies out of their pit, just chucking

0:40:45.680 --> 0:40:49.120
<v Speaker 1>them off to the side. Yeah, literally a dead soldier. Now,

0:40:49.200 --> 0:40:51.319
<v Speaker 1>I can't remember if we mentioned, but the antline does

0:40:51.400 --> 0:40:54.400
<v Speaker 1>have it does have chemicals on its side when it

0:40:54.440 --> 0:40:56.680
<v Speaker 1>attacks the victim that falls down to the bottom of

0:40:56.719 --> 0:41:00.879
<v Speaker 1>the pit. So it's uh, it's piercing mandibles, the it's

0:41:00.920 --> 0:41:04.600
<v Speaker 1>pincer type things injective venom to the prey. But then

0:41:04.640 --> 0:41:07.799
<v Speaker 1>also they've got a digestive enzyme that they use much

0:41:07.840 --> 0:41:10.680
<v Speaker 1>like some of the spider feeding stuff that we've talked about,

0:41:10.960 --> 0:41:14.080
<v Speaker 1>where they can inject the enzyme that sort of melts

0:41:14.160 --> 0:41:16.640
<v Speaker 1>the guts of the prey animal and then allows some

0:41:16.760 --> 0:41:20.600
<v Speaker 1>easy slurping. Now, like the sarlac, the ant lion benefits

0:41:20.600 --> 0:41:23.319
<v Speaker 1>from a really slow metabolism. The ant lion can go

0:41:23.480 --> 0:41:26.640
<v Speaker 1>months without food and get this does not even have

0:41:26.760 --> 0:41:30.800
<v Speaker 1>an anus, it simply puts off defecation until it assumes

0:41:30.840 --> 0:41:34.000
<v Speaker 1>it's a mature and final form. And this is something

0:41:34.040 --> 0:41:37.719
<v Speaker 1>we see in other larval forms as well, um elsewhere

0:41:37.719 --> 0:41:41.360
<v Speaker 1>in the animal kingdom, where basically the creatures an eating machine.

0:41:41.440 --> 0:41:43.640
<v Speaker 1>It's just about eating and eating, and it can in

0:41:43.680 --> 0:41:48.200
<v Speaker 1>some cases just put off pooping until it has reached

0:41:48.239 --> 0:41:52.279
<v Speaker 1>that final morphological form that is going to obtain. Yeah,

0:41:52.360 --> 0:41:54.480
<v Speaker 1>let's stick on this for a second. In case that

0:41:54.560 --> 0:41:57.760
<v Speaker 1>just went by you, the ant lion in its larval

0:41:57.880 --> 0:42:01.239
<v Speaker 1>stage does not have an anus and cannot poop, and

0:42:01.280 --> 0:42:03.920
<v Speaker 1>this goes on for the entire larval stage of its

0:42:03.960 --> 0:42:07.920
<v Speaker 1>life cycle, which can last for up to three years. Right, no,

0:42:08.120 --> 0:42:11.080
<v Speaker 1>anis you got your poop in for three years? So

0:42:11.120 --> 0:42:13.840
<v Speaker 1>I guess imagine if like we only grew in anus

0:42:13.920 --> 0:42:17.200
<v Speaker 1>and became able to defecate when we turned eighteen or something,

0:42:17.280 --> 0:42:19.600
<v Speaker 1>you know, the parents talking about how you know you'll

0:42:19.640 --> 0:42:23.560
<v Speaker 1>poop when you're older, you'll understand then Oh man, I mean,

0:42:23.760 --> 0:42:26.200
<v Speaker 1>I guess I have mixed thoughts about that, because on

0:42:26.200 --> 0:42:28.440
<v Speaker 1>one hand, not having to poop is is that mean

0:42:28.480 --> 0:42:32.160
<v Speaker 1>it's really everyone's dream? But on the other hand, being

0:42:32.239 --> 0:42:35.680
<v Speaker 1>filled with an increasing amount of poop is everyone's nightmare.

0:42:35.760 --> 0:42:38.080
<v Speaker 1>So uh, I guess it just comes down to the

0:42:38.200 --> 0:42:41.200
<v Speaker 1>like you either extreme you you don't want either extreme,

0:42:41.280 --> 0:42:44.160
<v Speaker 1>you want the balance of normal human pooping. Now, the

0:42:44.160 --> 0:42:47.200
<v Speaker 1>funny thing is that there are some skewed ways where

0:42:47.239 --> 0:42:52.040
<v Speaker 1>we conceptualize animal life cycles, insect life cycles and stuff.

0:42:52.080 --> 0:42:54.680
<v Speaker 1>Because we're talking about how when the antline is done

0:42:54.680 --> 0:42:57.520
<v Speaker 1>with its pit trap larval stage, it then matures and

0:42:57.560 --> 0:43:01.200
<v Speaker 1>becomes an adult. But this adult stage age lasts for

0:43:01.239 --> 0:43:04.080
<v Speaker 1>a much shorter period than its larval stage does, so

0:43:04.120 --> 0:43:06.800
<v Speaker 1>in a weird way, you shouldn't think of its adult

0:43:06.840 --> 0:43:11.240
<v Speaker 1>phase as like its normal life right right, yeah, because

0:43:11.800 --> 0:43:14.319
<v Speaker 1>again you mentioned that the larval stage will live like

0:43:14.360 --> 0:43:18.000
<v Speaker 1>about three years, but the flying adult stage lives for

0:43:18.040 --> 0:43:20.920
<v Speaker 1>a mere twenty five days or so. So really it's

0:43:20.960 --> 0:43:23.480
<v Speaker 1>adult form is just its last hurrah. You know this

0:43:23.560 --> 0:43:26.600
<v Speaker 1>is about it just well, I guess, finally pooping, but

0:43:26.680 --> 0:43:31.560
<v Speaker 1>also and more importantly reproducing. Right, yes, Now, this would

0:43:31.560 --> 0:43:33.399
<v Speaker 1>sort of answer the question for me that I had

0:43:33.440 --> 0:43:35.680
<v Speaker 1>when we were beginning to work on this episode. I

0:43:35.719 --> 0:43:38.359
<v Speaker 1>was wondering, like, does a star lac poop if its

0:43:38.360 --> 0:43:40.440
<v Speaker 1>whole body is under the ground, if it does poop.

0:43:40.480 --> 0:43:44.680
<v Speaker 1>Where does the poop go? Now, you hypothesized, Robert, You

0:43:44.680 --> 0:43:46.640
<v Speaker 1>were like, well, maybe it doesn't poop, just like the

0:43:46.680 --> 0:43:49.719
<v Speaker 1>antline doesn't poop. But the airline's got a poop eventually,

0:43:49.760 --> 0:43:51.840
<v Speaker 1>it's got the next stage of its life cycle. And

0:43:51.880 --> 0:43:53.560
<v Speaker 1>as far as we know, the star lac does not.

0:43:53.840 --> 0:43:56.960
<v Speaker 1>It's not gonna eventually grow wings, grow ananus, and then

0:43:57.000 --> 0:43:59.880
<v Speaker 1>fly off somewhere to poop everything that has accumulated over

0:43:59.920 --> 0:44:02.319
<v Speaker 1>the thousands of years. So what's going on with the

0:44:02.360 --> 0:44:05.200
<v Speaker 1>star lac? Well, it does make me think it could

0:44:05.960 --> 0:44:08.440
<v Speaker 1>this is just me, you know, spitball in here. But

0:44:08.680 --> 0:44:13.000
<v Speaker 1>perhaps if there is anything it cannot digest, maybe it's

0:44:13.000 --> 0:44:15.600
<v Speaker 1>spits it back out kind of like an owl will

0:44:15.600 --> 0:44:18.400
<v Speaker 1>do you know with something that it you know that

0:44:18.480 --> 0:44:21.040
<v Speaker 1>it is swallowed, you know, the various bones and whatnot.

0:44:21.760 --> 0:44:26.000
<v Speaker 1>Or perhaps there is this just like terminal digestion going

0:44:26.040 --> 0:44:30.200
<v Speaker 1>on inside the star lac. You know, it's just digesting

0:44:30.200 --> 0:44:33.040
<v Speaker 1>and digesting, and at the end of this there's just

0:44:33.160 --> 0:44:36.360
<v Speaker 1>nothing like maybe it's just that efficient. I can see that,

0:44:36.400 --> 0:44:38.399
<v Speaker 1>But I also like the idea of the two way

0:44:38.400 --> 0:44:41.279
<v Speaker 1>digestive system. There are organisms like that that live in

0:44:41.320 --> 0:44:44.520
<v Speaker 1>the ocean mainly like the hydra I believe has a

0:44:44.560 --> 0:44:48.520
<v Speaker 1>has a two way digestive system where it basically eats

0:44:48.560 --> 0:44:51.480
<v Speaker 1>and poops through the same opening. That's right, Yeah, I

0:44:51.480 --> 0:44:54.040
<v Speaker 1>think we went into that on our episode about the

0:44:54.040 --> 0:44:56.880
<v Speaker 1>evolution of the anus um. So yeah, there are there

0:44:56.880 --> 0:45:00.719
<v Speaker 1>are various models for this that we see throughout the

0:45:00.719 --> 0:45:03.239
<v Speaker 1>evolution of life on Earth. It could be, uh, you know,

0:45:03.360 --> 0:45:05.319
<v Speaker 1>used to explain it another way of looking at it

0:45:05.320 --> 0:45:08.280
<v Speaker 1>would be something down there under the ground is pooping

0:45:08.280 --> 0:45:11.359
<v Speaker 1>for the sarlac, but we don't really know what sort

0:45:11.400 --> 0:45:15.120
<v Speaker 1>of underground environment it is pooping into. Like there could

0:45:15.160 --> 0:45:19.400
<v Speaker 1>be a pretty rich under underground world on tattooing, right,

0:45:19.480 --> 0:45:22.280
<v Speaker 1>I mean, there could be you know, organisms that depend

0:45:22.480 --> 0:45:26.560
<v Speaker 1>on the poop of the sarlac for food or or

0:45:26.920 --> 0:45:29.759
<v Speaker 1>for shelter in the same way that the poop of

0:45:29.760 --> 0:45:33.000
<v Speaker 1>of of large you know, megafauna are essential to the

0:45:33.080 --> 0:45:35.919
<v Speaker 1>life cycles of organisms here on the surface of Earth.

0:45:36.320 --> 0:45:39.359
<v Speaker 1>Here's one for you. Here's here's my hypothesis. Okay, the

0:45:39.440 --> 0:45:45.440
<v Speaker 1>sarlac secretes an acidic compound that slowly over time dissolves

0:45:45.480 --> 0:45:49.600
<v Speaker 1>the bedrock, dissolves the sedimentary rock down below where it

0:45:49.719 --> 0:45:53.160
<v Speaker 1>is resting in the ground and forms a karst cavity

0:45:53.360 --> 0:45:56.319
<v Speaker 1>in the ground, basically creates its own poop cave and

0:45:56.360 --> 0:45:59.759
<v Speaker 1>then poops into the cave. H what do you think?

0:46:00.200 --> 0:46:02.759
<v Speaker 1>I like it? I like it. You could have a

0:46:02.840 --> 0:46:06.160
<v Speaker 1>whole uh, you know, a whole aspect of tattooing society

0:46:06.200 --> 0:46:09.000
<v Speaker 1>where like jawas are out there trying to dig down

0:46:09.080 --> 0:46:11.600
<v Speaker 1>to get those poop reserves from the star lacks, you know,

0:46:11.840 --> 0:46:14.760
<v Speaker 1>like especially if it's like ancient poop reserves of the sarlac,

0:46:14.840 --> 0:46:18.320
<v Speaker 1>it's aged and uh you know, highly valuable for something

0:46:18.400 --> 0:46:20.759
<v Speaker 1>or another. I'm sure. Uh oh, I've got it, the

0:46:20.800 --> 0:46:25.439
<v Speaker 1>most sought after fertilizer in the universe. Yes, the poop

0:46:25.520 --> 0:46:30.239
<v Speaker 1>must flow. Yes. Now, I mentioned earlier that not all

0:46:30.440 --> 0:46:33.799
<v Speaker 1>ant lions um are are going to be these these uh,

0:46:34.000 --> 0:46:38.640
<v Speaker 1>these pit digging um trapped predators. You also have some

0:46:38.800 --> 0:46:42.560
<v Speaker 1>that that that have other modes of existence. And we

0:46:42.600 --> 0:46:46.160
<v Speaker 1>see this also with owl flies, which are uh an

0:46:46.239 --> 0:46:49.600
<v Speaker 1>organism that look very similar as larva and also live

0:46:49.880 --> 0:46:53.040
<v Speaker 1>as ambush predators in the soil. They look again a

0:46:53.040 --> 0:46:56.399
<v Speaker 1>lot like ant lions, but while it seems like they

0:46:56.440 --> 0:46:58.920
<v Speaker 1>have been known to obscure their lower bodies with sand

0:46:58.920 --> 0:47:02.600
<v Speaker 1>and debris. The al fly larva don't seem to engage

0:47:02.600 --> 0:47:05.800
<v Speaker 1>in the sort of robust pit based and stationary ambush

0:47:05.840 --> 0:47:10.080
<v Speaker 1>tactics that we see with those most notable species of antlions. Now,

0:47:10.120 --> 0:47:13.000
<v Speaker 1>I mentioned earlier that there is a very similar pit

0:47:13.080 --> 0:47:16.600
<v Speaker 1>trap predator which has a hunting strategy almost identical to

0:47:16.680 --> 0:47:19.160
<v Speaker 1>that of the ant lion, and this is a winged

0:47:19.160 --> 0:47:23.800
<v Speaker 1>insect family called Vermilion a day known as the worm lions.

0:47:24.120 --> 0:47:26.840
<v Speaker 1>I think this might actually be an even closer parallel

0:47:26.920 --> 0:47:30.960
<v Speaker 1>to the sarlac because it is a striking worm and

0:47:30.960 --> 0:47:33.640
<v Speaker 1>in this way it kind of resembles the tentacles of

0:47:33.640 --> 0:47:36.719
<v Speaker 1>the carcoon, uh of the star lack of the pit

0:47:36.800 --> 0:47:40.719
<v Speaker 1>of carcoon. So despite how similar their pit trap strategies are,

0:47:40.760 --> 0:47:44.759
<v Speaker 1>I was reading that interestingly, worm lions are not closely

0:47:44.880 --> 0:47:49.040
<v Speaker 1>related to ant lions. This appears to be another interesting

0:47:49.280 --> 0:47:53.520
<v Speaker 1>example of convergent evolution where in totally different ways, uh,

0:47:53.600 --> 0:47:57.520
<v Speaker 1>different organisms have discovered basically the same way to to

0:47:57.920 --> 0:48:00.239
<v Speaker 1>make a living, and in this case it's digging these

0:48:00.280 --> 0:48:03.480
<v Speaker 1>conical pit traps in the sand. Another thing I was

0:48:03.520 --> 0:48:07.040
<v Speaker 1>wondering is like, why do the conical pits look so similar?

0:48:07.320 --> 0:48:10.360
<v Speaker 1>If the hunters are not closely related, wouldn't the pits

0:48:10.440 --> 0:48:13.920
<v Speaker 1>be kind of more different for these different animals. Apparently

0:48:14.000 --> 0:48:16.840
<v Speaker 1>has to do with maths or like the geometry of

0:48:16.880 --> 0:48:20.480
<v Speaker 1>how sediments lay at an angle. Uh. The angles of

0:48:20.480 --> 0:48:22.799
<v Speaker 1>the pit slopes are determined by what's known as the

0:48:22.840 --> 0:48:26.719
<v Speaker 1>angle of repose, which is the steepest angle at which

0:48:26.719 --> 0:48:32.399
<v Speaker 1>a sloping surface formed of a loose material is stable. Interesting,

0:48:32.760 --> 0:48:34.800
<v Speaker 1>so you'll see that kind of like on the edges

0:48:34.800 --> 0:48:37.920
<v Speaker 1>of mountains where they're sediments sliding down, it will settle

0:48:37.960 --> 0:48:40.839
<v Speaker 1>into a certain angle that is stable. If it gets

0:48:40.840 --> 0:48:43.120
<v Speaker 1>any steeper than that, it will start to collapse in

0:48:43.160 --> 0:48:46.520
<v Speaker 1>an avalancheal form. Yeah, that that makes sense. I should

0:48:46.520 --> 0:48:49.560
<v Speaker 1>also add that everyone should definitely look up a picture

0:48:49.680 --> 0:48:52.880
<v Speaker 1>of the worm lion because it is very very cool

0:48:52.880 --> 0:48:56.120
<v Speaker 1>looking at It has I think you mentioned like tentacle

0:48:56.400 --> 0:49:00.399
<v Speaker 1>like protrusions around its head. Uh, Like the image I'm

0:49:00.400 --> 0:49:03.040
<v Speaker 1>looking at here looks like four of them. Oh, and

0:49:03.160 --> 0:49:06.680
<v Speaker 1>that it's body just itself looks like a tentacle. It

0:49:06.760 --> 0:49:09.719
<v Speaker 1>is the organism, but like when it's wrapping around an

0:49:09.760 --> 0:49:12.920
<v Speaker 1>ant or beetle or something that's falling into the trap. Uh,

0:49:13.000 --> 0:49:15.719
<v Speaker 1>it looks kind of like a sarlac tentacle. Yeah, like

0:49:15.760 --> 0:49:19.759
<v Speaker 1>it's segmented, but but appears far more prehensile than you know,

0:49:20.160 --> 0:49:23.560
<v Speaker 1>something like a normal earthworm. But there is another organism

0:49:23.600 --> 0:49:26.200
<v Speaker 1>that's parallel to the sarlac in some ways I think

0:49:26.200 --> 0:49:29.279
<v Speaker 1>we should definitely talk about, and that is the predatory

0:49:29.360 --> 0:49:35.440
<v Speaker 1>polycute worm known as unisy afrodetois yes, also known as

0:49:35.440 --> 0:49:38.160
<v Speaker 1>a sand striker uh, and it has some other names

0:49:38.200 --> 0:49:40.279
<v Speaker 1>I'm not going to mention here on the show, but

0:49:40.600 --> 0:49:42.880
<v Speaker 1>that have been informally applied to it. But it is

0:49:43.040 --> 0:49:47.640
<v Speaker 1>essentially a rainbow colored marine deathworm and it buries itself

0:49:47.640 --> 0:49:51.319
<v Speaker 1>in the sand, ready to strike at passing prey. They

0:49:51.320 --> 0:49:54.560
<v Speaker 1>can reach lengths of nearly nine point eight feeders or

0:49:54.600 --> 0:49:58.840
<v Speaker 1>two pots, but most of its segmented body remains coiled

0:49:58.840 --> 0:50:02.120
<v Speaker 1>in the sand as an array of five antennae to

0:50:02.200 --> 0:50:04.560
<v Speaker 1>help it since prey, a feature that I think is

0:50:04.600 --> 0:50:08.000
<v Speaker 1>reminiscent of of you know, this idea that the sarlac

0:50:08.160 --> 0:50:10.680
<v Speaker 1>might have a root like systems of system of feelers,

0:50:10.840 --> 0:50:13.160
<v Speaker 1>spines and tentacles, which you see in some of these

0:50:13.400 --> 0:50:16.080
<v Speaker 1>illustrations that try to get to the heart of the

0:50:16.120 --> 0:50:19.799
<v Speaker 1>star lac. But the sand striker. Here it strikes with

0:50:19.840 --> 0:50:25.560
<v Speaker 1>incredible speed, whipping out its mandible studded farynx to capture prey. Yeah,

0:50:26.120 --> 0:50:28.239
<v Speaker 1>I think let's dwell on this just a little bit

0:50:28.239 --> 0:50:30.719
<v Speaker 1>more because this might have gone past really fast. This

0:50:30.800 --> 0:50:33.840
<v Speaker 1>is a predatory worm buries on the sand, attacks and

0:50:33.920 --> 0:50:35.920
<v Speaker 1>it grows to like ten feet long. This is a

0:50:35.920 --> 0:50:39.480
<v Speaker 1>ten ft long or you know, three meter worm that

0:50:39.560 --> 0:50:42.200
<v Speaker 1>preys on fish and other animals in the sea. So

0:50:42.239 --> 0:50:44.759
<v Speaker 1>it'll just have its little head poking out. But if

0:50:44.760 --> 0:50:46.880
<v Speaker 1>you were to keep pulling this worm up out of

0:50:46.880 --> 0:50:48.960
<v Speaker 1>the ground, you could end up with like the magician's

0:50:49.000 --> 0:50:53.200
<v Speaker 1>scarf situation where it just keeps coming out as ten

0:50:53.200 --> 0:50:57.080
<v Speaker 1>ft long. I was reading that sometimes it's it's pincer

0:50:57.120 --> 0:51:03.040
<v Speaker 1>attack is so powerful that it chops pray fish in half. Uh.

0:51:03.080 --> 0:51:05.799
<v Speaker 1>And I was reading a Scientific American blog post from

0:51:05.880 --> 0:51:09.680
<v Speaker 1>from by writer named Becky Crew about these animals, and

0:51:10.000 --> 0:51:13.600
<v Speaker 1>she drew my attention to this one story about how

0:51:13.640 --> 0:51:16.960
<v Speaker 1>back in two thousand nine, at a marine aquarium in

0:51:17.000 --> 0:51:21.720
<v Speaker 1>a town called New key In in England, aquarium keepers

0:51:21.800 --> 0:51:25.719
<v Speaker 1>noticed that in this one tank the coral on display

0:51:25.800 --> 0:51:30.040
<v Speaker 1>and some of the fish and stuff kept accumulating weird damage.

0:51:30.400 --> 0:51:33.120
<v Speaker 1>It was as if something inside the tank was like

0:51:33.239 --> 0:51:37.120
<v Speaker 1>chopping parts of the coral formation off and killing the animals,

0:51:37.400 --> 0:51:40.000
<v Speaker 1>and there was no obvious culprit in the tank. So

0:51:40.040 --> 0:51:42.880
<v Speaker 1>they had to like remove rocks and coral and plants

0:51:42.920 --> 0:51:44.880
<v Speaker 1>from this tank one at a time to find out

0:51:44.960 --> 0:51:48.640
<v Speaker 1>what was causing the attacks. And a curator named Matt

0:51:48.719 --> 0:51:51.279
<v Speaker 1>Slater was quoted in the Daily Mail at the time

0:51:51.320 --> 0:51:55.040
<v Speaker 1>talking about what happened. He said, quote, something was guzzling

0:51:55.040 --> 0:51:58.000
<v Speaker 1>our reef, but we had no idea what. We also

0:51:58.080 --> 0:52:01.480
<v Speaker 1>found an injured tank fish, so we laid traps, but

0:52:01.600 --> 0:52:04.560
<v Speaker 1>they got ripped apart in the night. That worm must

0:52:04.600 --> 0:52:07.760
<v Speaker 1>have obliterated the traps. The bait was full of hooks

0:52:07.800 --> 0:52:12.399
<v Speaker 1>which he must have just digested. Uh So, I don't

0:52:12.440 --> 0:52:14.759
<v Speaker 1>know if that sounds kind of hard to believe, but

0:52:14.880 --> 0:52:18.040
<v Speaker 1>if that's true, it would kind of mirror the sarlac

0:52:18.080 --> 0:52:20.640
<v Speaker 1>digestion thing. But in any case, like it does seem

0:52:20.680 --> 0:52:23.080
<v Speaker 1>to be the case that they had one of these worms.

0:52:23.760 --> 0:52:27.080
<v Speaker 1>Uh One of these worms burrowed down in the bottom

0:52:27.120 --> 0:52:30.080
<v Speaker 1>of the tank, so the workers discovered that there was

0:52:30.120 --> 0:52:33.759
<v Speaker 1>a stowaway sarlac. Like this predatory burrowing sea worm was

0:52:33.840 --> 0:52:36.400
<v Speaker 1>hiding down in the sediment at the bottom, and it

0:52:36.520 --> 0:52:39.840
<v Speaker 1>had probably snuck in among the coral that were transplated

0:52:39.840 --> 0:52:43.239
<v Speaker 1>into the transplanted into the tank years before and had

0:52:43.280 --> 0:52:47.439
<v Speaker 1>just grown there and hiding ever since. But this also

0:52:47.480 --> 0:52:50.440
<v Speaker 1>made me think, so this worm is fast, powerful, venomous,

0:52:50.480 --> 0:52:53.480
<v Speaker 1>mostly hidden down in the ground or down in the sediment.

0:52:53.560 --> 0:52:57.040
<v Speaker 1>How can prey animals defend themselves? Well, actually, I found

0:52:57.080 --> 0:53:00.000
<v Speaker 1>an interesting article about this where there is one stress

0:53:00.040 --> 0:53:03.600
<v Speaker 1>rategy that's been uncovered and it was published in Scientific

0:53:03.600 --> 0:53:07.520
<v Speaker 1>Reports in It was by jose La Shot and Daniel

0:53:07.719 --> 0:53:12.680
<v Speaker 1>hog Walker Nagle called novel Mobbing Strategies on a fish

0:53:12.680 --> 0:53:17.160
<v Speaker 1>population against a sessile analid predator And basically the authors

0:53:17.200 --> 0:53:20.480
<v Speaker 1>here described this weird thing where these fish a type

0:53:20.520 --> 0:53:26.319
<v Speaker 1>of bream called Scalopsis athanus. They would where like one

0:53:26.360 --> 0:53:29.520
<v Speaker 1>fish would find one of these worms, would be near

0:53:29.560 --> 0:53:32.719
<v Speaker 1>it and discover it was there and would start spitting

0:53:32.960 --> 0:53:36.920
<v Speaker 1>jets of water toward the worm, and then other fish

0:53:36.920 --> 0:53:39.560
<v Speaker 1>would join in. These prey fish would join in this

0:53:39.640 --> 0:53:42.960
<v Speaker 1>mobbing behavior where they would all gather around and start

0:53:43.320 --> 0:53:46.200
<v Speaker 1>spitting these jets of water towards the worm, which apparently

0:53:46.239 --> 0:53:50.040
<v Speaker 1>caused the worm to retract down into the sediment. I'm

0:53:50.040 --> 0:53:52.239
<v Speaker 1>not sure exactly what's going on there. I mean, so

0:53:52.280 --> 0:53:55.280
<v Speaker 1>obviously this is some kind of group defensive behavior against

0:53:55.320 --> 0:53:58.360
<v Speaker 1>a predator when the predator's location is discovered. But it

0:53:58.440 --> 0:54:00.640
<v Speaker 1>makes me wonder if anything similar go on with the

0:54:00.680 --> 0:54:03.000
<v Speaker 1>sarlac or would it even need to Like, would you

0:54:03.040 --> 0:54:06.160
<v Speaker 1>need to have Banta's like spitting jets of air at

0:54:06.160 --> 0:54:08.240
<v Speaker 1>a starlac or something, or could they just stay away

0:54:08.280 --> 0:54:10.600
<v Speaker 1>from it? Yeah? I guess that's the thing about a

0:54:10.719 --> 0:54:15.000
<v Speaker 1>land based scenario versus the marine scenario, is that on

0:54:15.360 --> 0:54:17.840
<v Speaker 1>the land once, unless you were a you know, in

0:54:18.200 --> 0:54:21.120
<v Speaker 1>a flying creature, by the time you got close enough

0:54:21.160 --> 0:54:23.200
<v Speaker 1>to the star lac to really be in danger to

0:54:23.280 --> 0:54:26.680
<v Speaker 1>really need to spit at it, it's probably too late. Yeah,

0:54:26.719 --> 0:54:28.520
<v Speaker 1>I mean, I mean, I think part of this this

0:54:28.640 --> 0:54:32.880
<v Speaker 1>behavior though, might just be not necessarily in like harming

0:54:33.040 --> 0:54:36.000
<v Speaker 1>the worm or something, but in alerting the other con

0:54:36.120 --> 0:54:39.279
<v Speaker 1>specifics to its location. So you can imagine something like

0:54:39.320 --> 0:54:41.560
<v Speaker 1>that for trap predators too. I mean, I would. I

0:54:41.600 --> 0:54:43.600
<v Speaker 1>don't know of any evidence like this, but I wouldn't

0:54:43.640 --> 0:54:46.520
<v Speaker 1>be surprised if there are some types of ants or

0:54:46.640 --> 0:54:49.759
<v Speaker 1>other prey insects of the ant lion that have some

0:54:49.840 --> 0:54:54.640
<v Speaker 1>kind of group defense strategy where when one species identifies

0:54:54.680 --> 0:54:57.160
<v Speaker 1>an ant lion pit, it can kind of like you know,

0:54:57.280 --> 0:55:00.480
<v Speaker 1>sound the alarm and alert the others to to to

0:55:00.560 --> 0:55:02.600
<v Speaker 1>what's happening there. I don't know of any evidence of that,

0:55:02.640 --> 0:55:05.040
<v Speaker 1>but I would not be surprised to find out something

0:55:05.080 --> 0:55:07.480
<v Speaker 1>like that. Yeah, so you know, I think maybe the

0:55:07.840 --> 0:55:12.120
<v Speaker 1>banthers might have some sort of um, some sort of

0:55:12.160 --> 0:55:15.480
<v Speaker 1>the strategy to deal with that. Now, um, Ultimately, the

0:55:15.520 --> 0:55:18.800
<v Speaker 1>sea is home to other bottom dwelling ambush predators as well,

0:55:18.920 --> 0:55:21.720
<v Speaker 1>more than we could conceivably list in the in the

0:55:21.719 --> 0:55:23.640
<v Speaker 1>the episode here. But you have things like the devil

0:55:23.719 --> 0:55:26.839
<v Speaker 1>scorpion fish and the ward eye star gazer, and if

0:55:26.840 --> 0:55:30.799
<v Speaker 1>you watch enough, um, you know, underwater documentaries, you'll see

0:55:30.840 --> 0:55:34.000
<v Speaker 1>some of these bizarre and wondrous creatures. All Right, we

0:55:34.040 --> 0:55:36.120
<v Speaker 1>need to take another break, but we'll be right back

0:55:36.160 --> 0:55:43.640
<v Speaker 1>to discuss digestion for a thousand years. Thank Alright, we're back. Okay,

0:55:43.680 --> 0:55:45.400
<v Speaker 1>So I think we need to finish up today by

0:55:45.440 --> 0:55:48.839
<v Speaker 1>talking about the idea of the star lacks really slow digestion.

0:55:48.960 --> 0:55:51.640
<v Speaker 1>Remember C. Three p O says that when you fall

0:55:51.680 --> 0:55:55.160
<v Speaker 1>into the all powerful starlac again. I'm not maybe things

0:55:55.239 --> 0:55:56.919
<v Speaker 1>this can come up again. I'm not quite sure why

0:55:56.920 --> 0:56:00.400
<v Speaker 1>the star lack is all powerful. It seems relatively powerful

0:56:00.440 --> 0:56:03.080
<v Speaker 1>within its own mouth and the range right around there,

0:56:03.120 --> 0:56:10.120
<v Speaker 1>but beyond its powers rapidly diminish. Um Uh. But c

0:56:10.560 --> 0:56:13.040
<v Speaker 1>P says in there in the belly, you will find

0:56:13.040 --> 0:56:16.280
<v Speaker 1>a new definition of pain and suffering as you're slowly digested.

0:56:16.320 --> 0:56:19.760
<v Speaker 1>Over a thousand years now, we've already discussed the slow

0:56:19.800 --> 0:56:23.560
<v Speaker 1>metabolism and of the eating machine, the ant lion. But

0:56:23.640 --> 0:56:26.600
<v Speaker 1>I want to look at another emblem of slow digestion,

0:56:26.719 --> 0:56:29.600
<v Speaker 1>this time of mammal I think we should look at

0:56:29.640 --> 0:56:33.439
<v Speaker 1>the sloth. And now there are a lot of ways

0:56:33.480 --> 0:56:37.399
<v Speaker 1>actually that sloths have been observed to be generally slow. Right,

0:56:37.520 --> 0:56:41.000
<v Speaker 1>the name, their English name is not a coincidence. Uh.

0:56:41.040 --> 0:56:44.719
<v Speaker 1>And this this slowness does extend not just to their

0:56:44.760 --> 0:56:47.000
<v Speaker 1>movements through the trees. You know, if you watch them

0:56:47.040 --> 0:56:49.640
<v Speaker 1>climb something, they tend to be very slow moving creatures.

0:56:50.000 --> 0:56:54.280
<v Speaker 1>But their slowness extends down to the chemical, the biochemical

0:56:54.360 --> 0:56:57.680
<v Speaker 1>level within their bodies. I was looking at a study

0:56:57.760 --> 0:57:02.280
<v Speaker 1>by Jonathan and Pauli ms Karaiah Peery, Emily D. Fountain

0:57:02.680 --> 0:57:07.400
<v Speaker 1>and William H. Kerasov called arboreal foliovores limit their energetic

0:57:07.440 --> 0:57:11.200
<v Speaker 1>output all the way to slothfulness in The American Naturalist

0:57:11.280 --> 0:57:14.719
<v Speaker 1>in sixteen. And the authors here are trying to explore

0:57:15.480 --> 0:57:20.480
<v Speaker 1>possible reasons that animals they call arboreal folivores animals that

0:57:21.160 --> 0:57:23.640
<v Speaker 1>eat tree leaves, hang out in the trees, eat eat

0:57:23.720 --> 0:57:27.400
<v Speaker 1>leaves from trees, why they are relatively rare compared to

0:57:27.440 --> 0:57:29.880
<v Speaker 1>some other types of animals and do not display as

0:57:29.960 --> 0:57:33.760
<v Speaker 1>much adaptive radiation as some other animals. And adaptive radiation

0:57:33.800 --> 0:57:37.160
<v Speaker 1>here means, uh, you know, diversifying of the species into

0:57:37.200 --> 0:57:41.000
<v Speaker 1>different ecological niches, basically like evolving into many different types

0:57:41.040 --> 0:57:44.600
<v Speaker 1>and variations to fill ecological niches. You don't see a

0:57:44.600 --> 0:57:47.840
<v Speaker 1>lot of this with animals like sloths. And so they

0:57:47.880 --> 0:57:50.760
<v Speaker 1>point out that, you know, like mature tree leaves that

0:57:50.920 --> 0:57:54.520
<v Speaker 1>the dietary the main diet source of these animals like sloths,

0:57:54.520 --> 0:57:57.320
<v Speaker 1>and there are other animals like this two Pandas Koalas

0:57:57.360 --> 0:58:00.480
<v Speaker 1>and so forth. Mature tree leaves are not a high

0:58:00.600 --> 0:58:03.680
<v Speaker 1>quality food. They tend to be tough and woody. Often

0:58:03.680 --> 0:58:06.160
<v Speaker 1>they've got some kind of poisons or tannins or some

0:58:06.240 --> 0:58:10.560
<v Speaker 1>kind of unpleasant chemical in them. It's generally really difficult

0:58:10.720 --> 0:58:15.440
<v Speaker 1>to live by eating, digesting, and extracting energy from mature

0:58:15.520 --> 0:58:20.080
<v Speaker 1>tree leaves, but sloths do it. So maybe the energy

0:58:20.160 --> 0:58:24.960
<v Speaker 1>constraints on these animals have somehow controlled their spread and evolution.

0:58:25.360 --> 0:58:28.600
<v Speaker 1>So the authors here wanted to measure the metabolic rates

0:58:28.640 --> 0:58:32.320
<v Speaker 1>of sloths in Costa Rica, and they write, quote, we

0:58:32.560 --> 0:58:37.400
<v Speaker 1>quantified the field metabolic rate or FMR, movement and body

0:58:37.480 --> 0:58:42.000
<v Speaker 1>temperature for syn topic two and three toed sloths, extreme

0:58:42.240 --> 0:58:46.960
<v Speaker 1>arboreal fullivorees that differ in their degree of specialization. Both

0:58:47.000 --> 0:58:51.600
<v Speaker 1>species expended little energy, but three toed sloths possessed the

0:58:51.640 --> 0:58:55.880
<v Speaker 1>lowest FMR recorded for any mammal. And so the three

0:58:55.920 --> 0:58:58.880
<v Speaker 1>toed sloth lives on a on a field metabolic rate

0:58:58.920 --> 0:59:01.200
<v Speaker 1>of a hundred and sixty two kill a jewels per

0:59:01.280 --> 0:59:04.480
<v Speaker 1>day per kilogram of body weight. Now that number alone

0:59:04.560 --> 0:59:06.560
<v Speaker 1>might not mean much to you, but comparing it to

0:59:06.640 --> 0:59:10.360
<v Speaker 1>other animals, uh, it's way lower than say the howler monkey,

0:59:10.800 --> 0:59:14.320
<v Speaker 1>who who has a field metabolic grade of five hundred

0:59:14.320 --> 0:59:17.080
<v Speaker 1>and eighty three killer jewels per day per kilogram of

0:59:17.080 --> 0:59:20.400
<v Speaker 1>body weight. It's lower than koalas at four hundred and

0:59:20.440 --> 0:59:24.280
<v Speaker 1>ten even the giant panda is more at five The

0:59:24.720 --> 0:59:28.960
<v Speaker 1>three toads lost is the lowest ever measured uh at

0:59:28.960 --> 0:59:30.960
<v Speaker 1>a hundred and sixty two kill a jewels per day

0:59:30.960 --> 0:59:33.520
<v Speaker 1>per kilogram, And so in a way it is a

0:59:33.600 --> 0:59:39.360
<v Speaker 1>profound evolutionary experiment in slowing everything down. And this is

0:59:39.440 --> 0:59:42.560
<v Speaker 1>historically in a kind of funny and interesting way lad

0:59:42.680 --> 0:59:47.960
<v Speaker 1>some thinkers to view sloths as as some kind of

0:59:48.440 --> 0:59:51.680
<v Speaker 1>like like that there's a problem with their existence, that

0:59:51.720 --> 0:59:55.120
<v Speaker 1>there's something wrong with them, Like the Count de Buffon,

0:59:55.520 --> 0:59:58.280
<v Speaker 1>you know, George Louis la Clerk, Count of Pafon, who

0:59:58.320 --> 1:00:00.640
<v Speaker 1>we talked about in our Age of the Earth episode,

1:00:00.680 --> 1:00:03.840
<v Speaker 1>because he did some experiments trying to uh, trying to

1:00:03.880 --> 1:00:06.240
<v Speaker 1>determine the age of the Earth based on I believe

1:00:06.320 --> 1:00:07.960
<v Speaker 1>his idea had to do with like how long it

1:00:08.000 --> 1:00:10.600
<v Speaker 1>would take the Earth to cool to its current temperature.

1:00:10.960 --> 1:00:15.080
<v Speaker 1>But he wrote this huge, multi volume natural history work

1:00:15.160 --> 1:00:17.760
<v Speaker 1>during his life where he tried to become you know,

1:00:17.840 --> 1:00:21.280
<v Speaker 1>the eighteenth century uh plenty of the elder, you know,

1:00:21.320 --> 1:00:24.400
<v Speaker 1>to catalog all of the stuff in the world and

1:00:24.440 --> 1:00:27.800
<v Speaker 1>tell you all about it. And his section on sloths

1:00:28.080 --> 1:00:31.720
<v Speaker 1>is is kind of hilarious. Are you ready for this Robert, Yeah,

1:00:32.080 --> 1:00:35.840
<v Speaker 1>let's bring it on, Okay, so he says. These animals

1:00:35.840 --> 1:00:39.800
<v Speaker 1>have neither incisive nor canine teeth. Their eyes are dull

1:00:39.960 --> 1:00:43.280
<v Speaker 1>and almost concealed with hair. Their mouths are wide, and

1:00:43.280 --> 1:00:46.400
<v Speaker 1>their lips thick and heavy. Their fur is course and

1:00:46.480 --> 1:00:50.640
<v Speaker 1>looks like dried grass. Their thighs seem almost disjointed from

1:00:50.640 --> 1:00:54.480
<v Speaker 1>the haunches, their legs very short and badly shaped. They

1:00:54.480 --> 1:00:58.080
<v Speaker 1>have no soles to their feet, nor toe is separately movable,

1:00:58.280 --> 1:01:01.120
<v Speaker 1>but only two or three claws like sessively long and

1:01:01.240 --> 1:01:04.920
<v Speaker 1>crooked downwards, which move together and are only useful to

1:01:04.960 --> 1:01:09.640
<v Speaker 1>the animal in climbing. Slowness, stupidity, and even habitual pain

1:01:10.120 --> 1:01:14.400
<v Speaker 1>result from its uncouth conformation. They have no arms, either

1:01:14.480 --> 1:01:17.840
<v Speaker 1>to attack or defend themselves, nor are they furnished with

1:01:17.880 --> 1:01:21.160
<v Speaker 1>any means of security, as they can neither scratch up

1:01:21.200 --> 1:01:24.480
<v Speaker 1>the earth nor seek for safety by flight. But confined

1:01:24.560 --> 1:01:27.200
<v Speaker 1>to a small spot of ground or to the tree

1:01:27.280 --> 1:01:30.480
<v Speaker 1>under which they are brought forth, they remain prisoners in

1:01:30.520 --> 1:01:34.000
<v Speaker 1>the midst of an extended space, unable to move more

1:01:34.040 --> 1:01:37.120
<v Speaker 1>than three feet in an hour. They climb with difficulty

1:01:37.160 --> 1:01:40.760
<v Speaker 1>and pain, and their plaintive and interrupted cry they dare

1:01:40.840 --> 1:01:44.600
<v Speaker 1>only utter by night. After some more moralizing about how

1:01:44.600 --> 1:01:48.000
<v Speaker 1>awful they are, he says, uh, we have already observed

1:01:48.000 --> 1:01:51.560
<v Speaker 1>that it seems as if all that could be does exist,

1:01:52.040 --> 1:01:55.160
<v Speaker 1>And of this the sloths appear to be a striking proof.

1:01:55.440 --> 1:01:58.880
<v Speaker 1>They constitute the last term of existence in the order

1:01:58.920 --> 1:02:02.640
<v Speaker 1>of animals endowed with flesh and blood. One more defect

1:02:02.760 --> 1:02:06.439
<v Speaker 1>and they could not have existed. Oh my goodness, Now

1:02:06.520 --> 1:02:09.720
<v Speaker 1>I think this is funny because like in some ways, uh,

1:02:10.040 --> 1:02:14.040
<v Speaker 1>you know, Bafon was considered a very you know, learned

1:02:14.120 --> 1:02:17.360
<v Speaker 1>man of his day. But like just the amazing ignorance

1:02:17.400 --> 1:02:20.959
<v Speaker 1>of this is just like, given what we know about

1:02:21.000 --> 1:02:23.680
<v Speaker 1>animals now. And le Clark had all kinds of terrible ideas.

1:02:23.760 --> 1:02:27.560
<v Speaker 1>You know, he he endorsed scientific racism. He believed that

1:02:27.640 --> 1:02:31.680
<v Speaker 1>like the animals of the New World were somehow inferior

1:02:31.720 --> 1:02:35.000
<v Speaker 1>to the animals of the Old world. Uh, there's all

1:02:35.000 --> 1:02:38.000
<v Speaker 1>this weird, genuine disgust in his writing when he talks

1:02:38.040 --> 1:02:41.200
<v Speaker 1>about animals found in North and South America. So he

1:02:41.240 --> 1:02:45.280
<v Speaker 1>had all these extremely misguided theories. Because all this stuff

1:02:45.320 --> 1:02:49.040
<v Speaker 1>that he characterizes as defects with this species, I think

1:02:49.120 --> 1:02:51.040
<v Speaker 1>we would probably look at and say, I don't know,

1:02:51.080 --> 1:02:56.000
<v Speaker 1>given our modern evolutionary understanding, you are probably not understanding

1:02:56.040 --> 1:03:00.680
<v Speaker 1>these correctly. These are probably not actually defects, these are adaptations.

1:03:01.400 --> 1:03:04.400
<v Speaker 1>His his thinking falls prey to the naive version of

1:03:04.560 --> 1:03:07.120
<v Speaker 1>survival of the fittest, as you know, the fittest, not

1:03:07.280 --> 1:03:09.760
<v Speaker 1>as in best adapted to its environment, but as like

1:03:10.160 --> 1:03:14.920
<v Speaker 1>the toughest, the buffest, the biggest, sharpest teeth and so forth. Yeah. Absolutely,

1:03:14.960 --> 1:03:19.200
<v Speaker 1>I mean it's um in his his description of the sloth,

1:03:19.280 --> 1:03:21.840
<v Speaker 1>really it comes off like a like a dis track,

1:03:22.280 --> 1:03:25.480
<v Speaker 1>you know, against against the slot. It also reminds me

1:03:25.520 --> 1:03:28.240
<v Speaker 1>a little bit of of Darwin's descriptions of the with

1:03:28.320 --> 1:03:30.920
<v Speaker 1>the marine iguanas. Oh yeah, the iguanas of the glob.

1:03:31.160 --> 1:03:33.960
<v Speaker 1>I mean Darwin didn't normally fall into this way of thinking,

1:03:34.000 --> 1:03:38.320
<v Speaker 1>but occasionally there was some animal he didn't like. Yeah,

1:03:38.720 --> 1:03:42.920
<v Speaker 1>but the sloth, like the main like counter arguments. In

1:03:42.960 --> 1:03:45.560
<v Speaker 1>addition to to what we said here about the true

1:03:45.640 --> 1:03:49.120
<v Speaker 1>nature of adaptation, I would also you know, put forth,

1:03:49.160 --> 1:03:52.200
<v Speaker 1>at first of all, sloths tend to be cute. That

1:03:52.240 --> 1:03:55.360
<v Speaker 1>tends to be our interpretation of them, especially baby sloths

1:03:55.440 --> 1:03:58.640
<v Speaker 1>or slothes if you're using the British pronunciation but but

1:03:58.720 --> 1:04:02.280
<v Speaker 1>also the adults there's a certain an adorable nous to them.

1:04:02.320 --> 1:04:05.680
<v Speaker 1>And I have to say when when I was in

1:04:05.920 --> 1:04:08.360
<v Speaker 1>Costa Rica with my family and we went on a hike,

1:04:08.600 --> 1:04:11.880
<v Speaker 1>uh through the forest there and we got to see

1:04:11.960 --> 1:04:15.200
<v Speaker 1>got a glimpse a wild sloth like where we you know,

1:04:15.240 --> 1:04:18.000
<v Speaker 1>had to stand there for several minutes and watch what

1:04:18.240 --> 1:04:21.840
<v Speaker 1>was presumed to be a sloth finally move and slowly

1:04:22.080 --> 1:04:26.280
<v Speaker 1>confirm it's it's sloth hood Like that was a genuinely

1:04:26.360 --> 1:04:28.840
<v Speaker 1>magical moment. Like that has to be one of one

1:04:28.880 --> 1:04:32.520
<v Speaker 1>of my top interactions with wildlife ever. Like it just

1:04:32.640 --> 1:04:37.440
<v Speaker 1>it truly felt like magic and time was standing still. Um. So,

1:04:37.600 --> 1:04:39.800
<v Speaker 1>I you know, it's it's very difficult for me to

1:04:39.800 --> 1:04:42.560
<v Speaker 1>to put my put myself in the mindset of of

1:04:42.800 --> 1:04:47.920
<v Speaker 1>sloth hating um worldview. I think Buffon would think you're

1:04:47.920 --> 1:04:50.680
<v Speaker 1>a sucker, But yeah, I think he was quite clearly wrong.

1:04:51.600 --> 1:04:55.160
<v Speaker 1>Like the sloths, including the extremely slow, yes very slow

1:04:55.280 --> 1:04:58.400
<v Speaker 1>three tote sloth, are incredibly well adapted to their environments

1:04:58.400 --> 1:05:01.920
<v Speaker 1>in very interesting ways. I was reading an article about

1:05:01.920 --> 1:05:05.840
<v Speaker 1>this on the Conversation from sixteen by a British zoologist

1:05:05.920 --> 1:05:09.360
<v Speaker 1>named Becky Cliff who I believe she either currently works

1:05:09.480 --> 1:05:13.080
<v Speaker 1>or has worked in a sloth sanctuary in Costa Rica, so,

1:05:13.200 --> 1:05:15.160
<v Speaker 1>you know, doing a lot of hands on work with sloths.

1:05:15.560 --> 1:05:19.280
<v Speaker 1>Um and and so she's writing about these adaptations. She says,

1:05:19.320 --> 1:05:21.800
<v Speaker 1>of course, it's true that sloths are slow in pretty

1:05:21.880 --> 1:05:25.280
<v Speaker 1>much every way. At the sloth sanctuary she works out

1:05:25.320 --> 1:05:29.280
<v Speaker 1>in Costa Rica, they use these sloth backpacks two track

1:05:29.400 --> 1:05:31.960
<v Speaker 1>sloth movement in the wild. And yes, it's true they

1:05:32.320 --> 1:05:35.240
<v Speaker 1>move very slowly and they move very little. But there's

1:05:35.280 --> 1:05:38.919
<v Speaker 1>a reason for this. It's not weakness. It is strategic

1:05:39.000 --> 1:05:43.240
<v Speaker 1>in an evolutionary sense. Slow movement uses a lot less

1:05:43.400 --> 1:05:47.320
<v Speaker 1>energy than fast movement. Remember that metabolic discovery we were

1:05:47.360 --> 1:05:50.760
<v Speaker 1>talking about earlier. Three toad sloths have the slowest metabolism

1:05:50.800 --> 1:05:53.920
<v Speaker 1>of any known mammal. In a weird way, they're almost

1:05:53.960 --> 1:05:55.880
<v Speaker 1>like you can imagine them kind of like going through

1:05:55.880 --> 1:05:59.040
<v Speaker 1>a convergent evolution thing, but across kingdoms of life. They're

1:05:59.040 --> 1:06:03.200
<v Speaker 1>trying to slowly over the eons converge with plants. Uh,

1:06:03.440 --> 1:06:06.560
<v Speaker 1>you know, like so too. And to make this possible,

1:06:07.080 --> 1:06:09.640
<v Speaker 1>you know, this this low metabolic rate. Of course, they

1:06:09.680 --> 1:06:13.120
<v Speaker 1>move very slowly, but they also regulate their body temperature

1:06:13.200 --> 1:06:17.040
<v Speaker 1>differently than most mammals. Do you know. Mammals have their

1:06:17.080 --> 1:06:19.560
<v Speaker 1>warm blooded they have thermoregulation, they've got to keep their

1:06:19.600 --> 1:06:23.880
<v Speaker 1>body temperature up through internal chemical means. But sloths manage

1:06:23.880 --> 1:06:26.720
<v Speaker 1>a much lower body temperature than your average mammal. They

1:06:26.760 --> 1:06:28.959
<v Speaker 1>they tend to go it around thirty two point seven

1:06:28.960 --> 1:06:32.600
<v Speaker 1>degrees celsius or ninety one degrees fahrenheit. That's a full like, uh,

1:06:32.640 --> 1:06:35.360
<v Speaker 1>you know, seven or eight degrees lower than our average

1:06:35.360 --> 1:06:39.480
<v Speaker 1>body temperature. And uh. Cliff mentions that their metabolic rate

1:06:39.560 --> 1:06:43.400
<v Speaker 1>is somewhere between forty two seventy four per cent of

1:06:43.440 --> 1:06:46.400
<v Speaker 1>what you would expect for an animal of its body mass.

1:06:46.440 --> 1:06:50.240
<v Speaker 1>So they're they're they're going way underweight on energy needs.

1:06:51.280 --> 1:06:53.640
<v Speaker 1>And so the question might be, well, why live like this?

1:06:53.760 --> 1:06:56.160
<v Speaker 1>Why would you be so slow have such a relatively

1:06:56.200 --> 1:06:59.440
<v Speaker 1>cool body and all that. Again, it's cheap, it's mega

1:06:59.600 --> 1:07:04.080
<v Speaker 1>chi Sloths require much less food energy than other mammals

1:07:04.080 --> 1:07:06.960
<v Speaker 1>of similar size. They can eat this, you know, this

1:07:07.040 --> 1:07:09.240
<v Speaker 1>kind of bad food. I mean, it wouldn't be bad

1:07:09.280 --> 1:07:12.120
<v Speaker 1>from their point of view, but it's low caloric density.

1:07:12.200 --> 1:07:15.600
<v Speaker 1>This food like tough fibrous tree leaves, and they don't

1:07:15.640 --> 1:07:17.840
<v Speaker 1>even need to eat all that much of it. Usually,

1:07:17.840 --> 1:07:20.560
<v Speaker 1>if you're an animal that's subsisting on tough plant matter,

1:07:20.880 --> 1:07:23.320
<v Speaker 1>you have to eat a ton of it to survive.

1:07:23.760 --> 1:07:26.440
<v Speaker 1>Cliff points out that howler monkeys, who also live in

1:07:26.480 --> 1:07:28.840
<v Speaker 1>the trees and eat tough leaves, they have to eat

1:07:28.960 --> 1:07:32.480
<v Speaker 1>three times as much food per kilogram of body mass

1:07:32.520 --> 1:07:36.040
<v Speaker 1>as the sloth does, and so requiring three times less

1:07:36.080 --> 1:07:39.000
<v Speaker 1>food than something else in your niche opens up all

1:07:39.120 --> 1:07:43.120
<v Speaker 1>kinds of possibilities for survival. So the sloth might not

1:07:43.240 --> 1:07:46.080
<v Speaker 1>be lean and fast moving in a physical movement sense,

1:07:46.120 --> 1:07:48.520
<v Speaker 1>but in a chemical sense, it is lean. It is

1:07:48.560 --> 1:07:50.920
<v Speaker 1>like it has a lot to work with. It's got

1:07:51.000 --> 1:07:53.560
<v Speaker 1>this wiggle room. But here's another thing we get to

1:07:53.680 --> 1:07:57.480
<v Speaker 1>with sloth. Sloth metabolism in a in a way that's

1:07:57.480 --> 1:08:01.000
<v Speaker 1>related to their very slow metabolism. They all so digest

1:08:01.120 --> 1:08:04.760
<v Speaker 1>food really slow. And this brings us back to the sarlac.

1:08:05.520 --> 1:08:08.040
<v Speaker 1>Cliff points at research saying, well, so we we don't

1:08:08.040 --> 1:08:11.520
<v Speaker 1>know the exact rate, uh you know, the exact bounded

1:08:11.600 --> 1:08:14.360
<v Speaker 1>rates of sloth digestion, but there are estimates that it

1:08:14.400 --> 1:08:18.280
<v Speaker 1>takes food between like a hundred and fifty seven hours

1:08:18.840 --> 1:08:22.280
<v Speaker 1>or up to twelve hundred hours to pass through the

1:08:22.320 --> 1:08:25.800
<v Speaker 1>slots digestive system. So the upper end of this estimate

1:08:25.880 --> 1:08:29.280
<v Speaker 1>would be like fifty days. Um. And you can imagine,

1:08:29.320 --> 1:08:31.840
<v Speaker 1>you know, having having your food waste in your body

1:08:31.960 --> 1:08:35.960
<v Speaker 1>for that long. Robert, you said before we came on

1:08:36.000 --> 1:08:38.880
<v Speaker 1>to record today that you have actually watched video of

1:08:38.880 --> 1:08:42.200
<v Speaker 1>a sloth pooping. You people at home, If you have

1:08:42.280 --> 1:08:45.280
<v Speaker 1>not seen this, you should look it up. It's fair warning.

1:08:45.400 --> 1:08:49.519
<v Speaker 1>It looks kind of traumatic, like there's a lot coming out. Yeah,

1:08:49.560 --> 1:08:51.880
<v Speaker 1>And I mean, the other interesting thing about slots pooping

1:08:51.920 --> 1:08:54.200
<v Speaker 1>is that, of course they have to climb down to

1:08:54.320 --> 1:08:57.160
<v Speaker 1>do it. Uh. They don't just poop out of the branches.

1:08:57.280 --> 1:09:00.600
<v Speaker 1>They return to the earth to carry this out. Yeah.

1:09:00.720 --> 1:09:04.240
<v Speaker 1>Uh and so Cliff rights quote. Unsurprisingly, the sloth's four

1:09:04.320 --> 1:09:08.080
<v Speaker 1>chambered stomach is constantly full, and so more leaves can

1:09:08.160 --> 1:09:11.880
<v Speaker 1>only be ingested when digesta leaves the stomach and enters

1:09:11.920 --> 1:09:16.200
<v Speaker 1>the small intestine. Food intake and critically, energy expenditure are

1:09:16.280 --> 1:09:20.879
<v Speaker 1>likely limited by digestion rate and room in the stomach. Indeed,

1:09:20.920 --> 1:09:23.559
<v Speaker 1>the abdominal contents of a sloth can account for up

1:09:23.600 --> 1:09:27.240
<v Speaker 1>to thirty seven percent of their body mass, so it's

1:09:27.360 --> 1:09:29.840
<v Speaker 1>digesting for days at a time, maybe you know, a

1:09:29.880 --> 1:09:33.240
<v Speaker 1>month or more at a time, digesting food. It's maybe

1:09:33.240 --> 1:09:35.920
<v Speaker 1>a third of its body weight or more is the

1:09:35.960 --> 1:09:38.760
<v Speaker 1>poop that it's got inside it right now, and it

1:09:38.960 --> 1:09:41.920
<v Speaker 1>you know, hasn't purged yet. You can also imagine though

1:09:41.920 --> 1:09:44.240
<v Speaker 1>that like why would it hang on this long? I

1:09:44.280 --> 1:09:46.160
<v Speaker 1>can also imagine this having to do with what you're

1:09:46.160 --> 1:09:47.840
<v Speaker 1>talking about, that it has to come down to the

1:09:47.880 --> 1:09:52.320
<v Speaker 1>forest floor to do it, which is inherently a vulnerable activity.

1:09:52.479 --> 1:09:55.040
<v Speaker 1>So and because it's slow moving, you might want to

1:09:55.120 --> 1:09:58.639
<v Speaker 1>limit those trips down to the vulnerable position as much

1:09:58.640 --> 1:10:01.800
<v Speaker 1>as possible. Yeah, it's if you live in a you know,

1:10:01.840 --> 1:10:04.759
<v Speaker 1>a walk up apartment in New York and you prefer

1:10:04.960 --> 1:10:09.080
<v Speaker 1>to um to poop in the say the jobba juice

1:10:09.640 --> 1:10:12.400
<v Speaker 1>down on the street. I think that was the joke

1:10:12.479 --> 1:10:16.280
<v Speaker 1>from Dirty Rock toilet image. You might limit how many

1:10:16.320 --> 1:10:20.519
<v Speaker 1>times you'd go to the jobba juice to poop exactly. Yes, yeah,

1:10:20.560 --> 1:10:23.439
<v Speaker 1>you might. You might wait, Awhile, there was another interesting

1:10:23.479 --> 1:10:25.800
<v Speaker 1>fact that came up in this article, by the way,

1:10:25.840 --> 1:10:29.200
<v Speaker 1>that the Cliff mentioned that I had never heard about before. UM, So,

1:10:29.600 --> 1:10:31.640
<v Speaker 1>you know, the obvious question might be, how does a

1:10:31.680 --> 1:10:34.000
<v Speaker 1>sloth of aid predators. If it's so slow, it's not

1:10:34.040 --> 1:10:37.880
<v Speaker 1>a fighter, it doesn't run, it's a hider. Uh. So

1:10:38.000 --> 1:10:41.559
<v Speaker 1>the sloths have to protect themselves via camouflage, and Cliff

1:10:41.600 --> 1:10:44.519
<v Speaker 1>mentions in an article that uh that all of the

1:10:44.520 --> 1:10:48.679
<v Speaker 1>sloth's major predators like jaguars, awesl lots, harpy eagles are

1:10:48.720 --> 1:10:52.479
<v Speaker 1>primarily visual hunters, so camouflage can actually go a long

1:10:52.479 --> 1:10:56.120
<v Speaker 1>way to protect you. And she points to an interesting

1:10:56.479 --> 1:11:02.040
<v Speaker 1>suggested symbiotic relationship with algae with between sloths and algae

1:11:02.080 --> 1:11:05.680
<v Speaker 1>that grow in the sloths for and this algae is

1:11:05.720 --> 1:11:09.000
<v Speaker 1>apparently passed on from mother to offspring, so it is

1:11:09.439 --> 1:11:15.240
<v Speaker 1>visual camouflage through inherited microbiota, which is pretty interesting. Yeah.

1:11:15.320 --> 1:11:17.280
<v Speaker 1>I do have to say that time that I got

1:11:17.280 --> 1:11:21.200
<v Speaker 1>to to see, not only see, but to to find, uh,

1:11:21.280 --> 1:11:23.280
<v Speaker 1>the sloth in the wild, like it wasn't pointed out

1:11:23.280 --> 1:11:25.559
<v Speaker 1>by a guide. Well, it's just the whole time I

1:11:25.680 --> 1:11:27.840
<v Speaker 1>knew based on what the guys that told us that

1:11:27.880 --> 1:11:30.800
<v Speaker 1>there might be sloths in the trees, we just have

1:11:30.880 --> 1:11:33.160
<v Speaker 1>to look really hard for them, and it did. It

1:11:33.200 --> 1:11:36.200
<v Speaker 1>took forever to see this this creature because you're just

1:11:36.280 --> 1:11:41.080
<v Speaker 1>kind of constantly on the lookout for possible movement, possible lumps,

1:11:41.560 --> 1:11:43.679
<v Speaker 1>uh you know in the in these you know, rich

1:11:43.760 --> 1:11:46.759
<v Speaker 1>canopy of trees that might be a slot. And most

1:11:46.760 --> 1:11:48.640
<v Speaker 1>of the time I was wrong, or at least I

1:11:48.680 --> 1:11:51.120
<v Speaker 1>was unable to confirm that what I was looking at

1:11:51.160 --> 1:11:54.839
<v Speaker 1>at a distance was a living creature at all. So

1:11:54.840 --> 1:11:57.559
<v Speaker 1>so when it really I was more lucky than anything.

1:11:57.600 --> 1:11:59.800
<v Speaker 1>I think that I was able to to to zero

1:11:59.840 --> 1:12:02.280
<v Speaker 1>we in on this this lump in the trees, and

1:12:02.280 --> 1:12:05.479
<v Speaker 1>then finally see it move and finally make out the

1:12:05.520 --> 1:12:08.320
<v Speaker 1>movements of of an actual swath. So yeah, I imagine

1:12:08.360 --> 1:12:11.600
<v Speaker 1>they have a you know, tremendous advantage versus predators that

1:12:11.680 --> 1:12:15.000
<v Speaker 1>are doing the same thing, you know, on constant lookout for,

1:12:15.400 --> 1:12:18.880
<v Speaker 1>uh for prey amid the tree limbs. I don't know this,

1:12:18.960 --> 1:12:22.360
<v Speaker 1>but I'd also guess that slower metabolism, slower movement would

1:12:22.439 --> 1:12:26.800
<v Speaker 1>make you less fidgety. Yeah, yeah, they're not fidgety like

1:12:26.840 --> 1:12:29.000
<v Speaker 1>I remember. That was another thing, is like the movements

1:12:29.040 --> 1:12:34.960
<v Speaker 1>were We're very slow and fluid and kind of far between,

1:12:35.080 --> 1:12:38.120
<v Speaker 1>like it wasn't It was wasn't like looking for the

1:12:38.160 --> 1:12:41.080
<v Speaker 1>movement of a traditional creature, you know, or at least

1:12:41.080 --> 1:12:42.920
<v Speaker 1>the kind of creatures that I tend to find myself

1:12:43.000 --> 1:12:44.680
<v Speaker 1>looking for, you know, like the movements of say a

1:12:44.720 --> 1:12:47.400
<v Speaker 1>squirrel or a or a chipmunk or a bird of

1:12:47.520 --> 1:12:50.280
<v Speaker 1>some sort. You know, it's a it's it's a totally

1:12:50.360 --> 1:12:55.840
<v Speaker 1>different animal. Can we imagine a sarlac evolving over over

1:12:55.880 --> 1:12:58.800
<v Speaker 1>a very long period, over millions of years, from some

1:12:58.920 --> 1:13:03.400
<v Speaker 1>type of sloth like creature, like a formerly totally mobile

1:13:04.040 --> 1:13:09.439
<v Speaker 1>creature that over time evolves too slow its metabolism and

1:13:09.479 --> 1:13:13.840
<v Speaker 1>digestion down further and further and further in order to

1:13:14.120 --> 1:13:17.800
<v Speaker 1>you know, survive on maybe tough dietary material like like

1:13:17.880 --> 1:13:21.680
<v Speaker 1>plant leaves or something, uh to support this high efficiency

1:13:21.880 --> 1:13:26.960
<v Speaker 1>of you know, a slow metabolism, highly efficient digestion. I

1:13:27.000 --> 1:13:28.680
<v Speaker 1>wonder if there are routes like that. I mean, I

1:13:28.720 --> 1:13:31.479
<v Speaker 1>have wondered before. Like one of the main things we

1:13:31.520 --> 1:13:35.960
<v Speaker 1>think of is characterizing intelligent animal life is fast movement.

1:13:36.640 --> 1:13:41.639
<v Speaker 1>But that doesn't you can understand why intelligence evolves from

1:13:41.840 --> 1:13:45.080
<v Speaker 1>fast movement in the history of animal life, but it

1:13:45.120 --> 1:13:48.040
<v Speaker 1>doesn't have to stay that way in terms of that association, right,

1:13:48.040 --> 1:13:50.040
<v Speaker 1>Like you could imagine that there could be an animal

1:13:50.120 --> 1:13:53.960
<v Speaker 1>with intelligence that just keeps evolving back down to have

1:13:54.320 --> 1:13:57.639
<v Speaker 1>less and less need to move its body around and

1:13:57.720 --> 1:14:02.160
<v Speaker 1>kind of becomes sessile, becomes plant. Like Yeah, I don't know,

1:14:02.200 --> 1:14:04.559
<v Speaker 1>I mean maybe maybe millions of years in the future.

1:14:04.840 --> 1:14:07.560
<v Speaker 1>I'm just saying there there will be ant lions that

1:14:07.640 --> 1:14:10.800
<v Speaker 1>evolved from sloths and you know, fall into the pit

1:14:10.880 --> 1:14:12.680
<v Speaker 1>and you'll one day get to be a part of

1:14:12.720 --> 1:14:17.840
<v Speaker 1>their dramatic traumatic pooping. I like that. Yeah, the idea

1:14:17.840 --> 1:14:21.320
<v Speaker 1>of a far future sessile sloth. All right, So there

1:14:21.320 --> 1:14:24.000
<v Speaker 1>you have it. Did we expose all of the secrets

1:14:24.040 --> 1:14:26.120
<v Speaker 1>of the star Lak? Uh? No, we did not. The

1:14:26.160 --> 1:14:30.880
<v Speaker 1>Sarlak retains its mysteries, which I think is is, you know,

1:14:30.920 --> 1:14:35.400
<v Speaker 1>one of the key attractions to the creature to begin with. Yeah, totally. Yeah.

1:14:35.400 --> 1:14:37.360
<v Speaker 1>I mean you can't fully lift up the sarlac and

1:14:37.400 --> 1:14:39.919
<v Speaker 1>peak at what's under it, but we'll have to imagine

1:14:39.960 --> 1:14:42.240
<v Speaker 1>that there is a poop cave. Yeah, Or what if

1:14:42.280 --> 1:14:44.640
<v Speaker 1>there's just a NonStop party in there, you know, like

1:14:44.680 --> 1:14:46.800
<v Speaker 1>what if you had an alternate cut where Boba fett

1:14:46.880 --> 1:14:48.960
<v Speaker 1>Is is swallowed whole by the star Lac and then

1:14:48.960 --> 1:14:52.160
<v Speaker 1>he's just dropped into this stomach cavity that's actually just

1:14:52.200 --> 1:14:55.599
<v Speaker 1>to really happening hang out. You know, everybody that's ever

1:14:55.640 --> 1:14:58.120
<v Speaker 1>been eaten by it is just in there kind of chilling,

1:14:58.240 --> 1:15:00.559
<v Speaker 1>you know. And it turns out the Starla does digest

1:15:00.640 --> 1:15:03.960
<v Speaker 1>people instead. It has like a symbiotic relationship with you know,

1:15:04.040 --> 1:15:07.160
<v Speaker 1>other organisms, uh, you know, beneath the surface of tattooin

1:15:07.680 --> 1:15:11.080
<v Speaker 1>and everything like friends. Yeah, yeah, it gets lonely. It's

1:15:11.080 --> 1:15:14.639
<v Speaker 1>an intelligent creature. It gets lonely. It needs friends. Well, Robert,

1:15:14.680 --> 1:15:17.000
<v Speaker 1>this has been a lot of fun. Yeah, this has

1:15:17.040 --> 1:15:19.880
<v Speaker 1>been fun. Um. It is kind of hard to believe

1:15:20.000 --> 1:15:22.559
<v Speaker 1>this is the This is I think the first Star

1:15:22.600 --> 1:15:25.360
<v Speaker 1>Wars episode of stuff to blow your mind. But hey,

1:15:25.439 --> 1:15:27.840
<v Speaker 1>who knows. There's a lot of a lot of stuff

1:15:27.840 --> 1:15:30.200
<v Speaker 1>in the Star Wars universe. Maybe we'll maybe we'll get

1:15:30.240 --> 1:15:32.040
<v Speaker 1>up the energy to do another one of the one

1:15:32.080 --> 1:15:36.679
<v Speaker 1>of these one day. I'm game. In the meantime, obviously,

1:15:36.720 --> 1:15:38.760
<v Speaker 1>we'd love to hear from everyone out there. We know

1:15:38.800 --> 1:15:41.519
<v Speaker 1>we have a lot of Star Wars fans, general science

1:15:41.560 --> 1:15:46.439
<v Speaker 1>fiction fans, monster fans, uh out there amid our listeners,

1:15:46.439 --> 1:15:48.880
<v Speaker 1>and yeah, we would love to hear your feedback on

1:15:48.920 --> 1:15:52.080
<v Speaker 1>this episode on the Star Lac itself, your memories and

1:15:52.160 --> 1:15:54.920
<v Speaker 1>interpretations of the star lack and indeed, if you think

1:15:54.920 --> 1:15:58.000
<v Speaker 1>there's a strong candidate for a future episode of Stuff

1:15:58.000 --> 1:16:00.519
<v Speaker 1>to Blow Your Mind related to Star Wars or any

1:16:00.560 --> 1:16:04.720
<v Speaker 1>other work of fiction, science fiction, et cetera, let us know.

1:16:05.360 --> 1:16:07.280
<v Speaker 1>Um we'll tell you how to get in touch with

1:16:07.360 --> 1:16:09.280
<v Speaker 1>us here in a second, But if you just want

1:16:09.320 --> 1:16:11.599
<v Speaker 1>to support the show, the best thing you can do

1:16:11.960 --> 1:16:16.080
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1:16:16.360 --> 1:16:19.120
<v Speaker 1>Hughes thanks as always to our excellent audio producer Seth

1:16:19.200 --> 1:16:21.280
<v Speaker 1>Nicholas Johnson. If you would like to get in touch

1:16:21.320 --> 1:16:23.439
<v Speaker 1>with us with feedback on this episode or any other,

1:16:23.520 --> 1:16:25.400
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1:16:25.439 --> 1:16:28.439
<v Speaker 1>say hi, you can email us at contact that Stuff

1:16:28.479 --> 1:16:37.960
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1:16:37.960 --> 1:16:40.879
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1:17:01.120 --> 1:17:02.800
<v Speaker 1>had a time tack about a prone