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Speaker 1: Guess what, Mango, what's that? Will do? You remember back

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Speaker 1: in two thousand and eight when Michael Phelps had that

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Speaker 1: daily diet that got so much attention because he was

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Speaker 1: eating these insane amounts of food. Yeah, he was eating

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Speaker 1: something like eight thousand calories a day. You try twelve

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Speaker 1: thousand cowers a day during his peak training, he need

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Speaker 1: a whole pizza, pound of pasta, three fried eggs, French toast,

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Speaker 1: multiple burgers, and it seemed like anything else he could

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Speaker 1: get his hands on, which seems so gross but also

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Speaker 1: kind of the best thing ever. And during those same Olympics,

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Speaker 1: Hussein Bolt reportedly ate forty seven thousand calories worth of

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Speaker 1: chicken McNuggets. Yeah, he was eating them with fries for breakfast, lunch,

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Speaker 1: and dinner. That seems at less great. Yeah, but wouldn't

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Speaker 1: sixteen year old Mango think of it's pretty incredible. So

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Speaker 1: I started thinking about this, and I know you've been

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Speaker 1: getting back into the tennis, and I've been running a

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Speaker 1: good bet these past few years. But I thought, if

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Speaker 1: I could just take this to the extreme, I may

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Speaker 1: be able to follow a similar diet. Like let's say

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Speaker 1: I'm running twenty miles a week, right, now, and I

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Speaker 1: just keep doubling up for the next five weeks, I'd

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Speaker 1: be running six hundred and forty miles a week by

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Speaker 1: the end of this. I'm so excited about this. Then

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Speaker 1: I could eat like twelve Chipotle burritos every day and

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Speaker 1: still have room for a half dozen Wendy Spicy Chicken

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Speaker 1: sandwiches and maybe even a couple of those naked chicken

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Speaker 1: choloopas after I run for the border. It's gonna be great.

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Speaker 1: But after our research for today's episodes, Science may have

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Speaker 1: crushed my dreams again. It turns out there's not quite

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Speaker 1: as strong of a connection between exercise and weight loss

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Speaker 1: as we once thought. So that's what we're gonna talk

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Speaker 1: about today. Stupid science. Yeah day their podcast listeners, Welcome

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Speaker 1: to Part Time Genius. I'm Will Pearson and as always

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Speaker 1: I'm joined by my good friend Man guesh Ticket and

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Speaker 1: today we're diving into the topic of exercise, its benefits,

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Speaker 1: it's limitations, whether it can actually help us shed some

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Speaker 1: unwanted pounds, and if it really makes us healthier people.

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Speaker 1: And fear not. We also have a couple of our patented,

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Speaker 1: ridiculous quizzes along the way. Who've we got on the

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Speaker 1: line today A mango. So we'll be talking to Herman Pontzer,

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Speaker 1: and anthropology professor at Hunter College in New York City.

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Speaker 1: He's responsible for some truly incredible research on exercise, and

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Speaker 1: he's gonna help us get to the bottom of just

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Speaker 1: how useful physical activity really is for burning calories. We're

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Speaker 1: also going to talk to a couple of personal trainers

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Speaker 1: and see if we can whip them into shape through

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Speaker 1: the power of our trivia. Right, So, before today's episode,

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Speaker 1: I would have told you that exercising is probably the

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Speaker 1: best way to lose weight, simply based on the conventional

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Speaker 1: wisdom of calories in, calories out. I mean that sounds sensible, right, Sure,

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Speaker 1: We're taken calories through what we eat and drink and

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Speaker 1: then burn them up through exercise. The more you exercise,

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Speaker 1: the more calories you burn, and the more weight you lose.

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Speaker 1: It just makes sense, it does. But there are actually

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Speaker 1: all these studies conducted over the last few years that

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Speaker 1: suggests exercise really isn't an effective way to lose excess weight.

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Speaker 1: For example, Dr Timothy Church at the Pennington Biomedical Research

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Speaker 1: Center at l s U. He held an experiment where

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Speaker 1: hundreds of overweight women were given strict workout regiments for

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Speaker 1: six months. The one group of them exercised a little

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Speaker 1: over an hour each week, another one for a little

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Speaker 1: over two hours, and another for over three hours. There

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Speaker 1: was also a fourth group that stuck to their typical

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Speaker 1: routine and didn't exercise at all. And against all logic

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Speaker 1: and fairness, there was no major difference in the weight

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Speaker 1: loss between the women who had exercised and the ones

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Speaker 1: who had And how pissed would you be if you

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Speaker 1: were that three hour group. In fact, some of the

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Speaker 1: women in the exercise groups actually gained weight, which doesn't

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Speaker 1: seem fair at all. I mean, they put in the work,

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Speaker 1: they deserve a reward. Well, it's funny you should say that,

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Speaker 1: because Church actually concluded that the rewards were the problem.

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Speaker 1: You know, exercise stimulates appetite, and many of the women

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Speaker 1: counteracted their work by over eating afterward. Church suggested that

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Speaker 1: it was justified in their minds. Is kind of a

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Speaker 1: self reward for all the energy that exerted through exercise. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: we hear that sort of thinking all the time, like

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Speaker 1: cheat days and junk food rewards for going to the gym.

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Speaker 1: But if we're canceling out the calories we burn. Then

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Speaker 1: we're probably imagining our workouts to be much more effective

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Speaker 1: than they really are. I mean, the Department of Health

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Speaker 1: and Human Services recommends people aim for at least thirty

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Speaker 1: minutes of physical activity every day, But at thirty minute

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Speaker 1: workout that only burns about two hundred calories, and the

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Speaker 1: average slice of pizza contains close to like three hundred calories.

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Speaker 1: So you can see how the math doesn't quite work.

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Speaker 1: It's really just not fair at all. But it isn't

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Speaker 1: just those powerful post workout indulgences that counteract calories burned

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Speaker 1: through exercise. You know, the things we consume in preparation

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Speaker 1: for or even during a workout can also take a toll,

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Speaker 1: which is a good point. I mean, those two hundred

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Speaker 1: calories you burned during your thirty minutes on the treadmill,

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Speaker 1: every single one goes right back into your body thanks

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Speaker 1: to that bottle of gatorade or that energy bar you

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Speaker 1: might have scarfed down while running right right, And the

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Speaker 1: same goes for the eagle or the oatmeal used to

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Speaker 1: carbo load before your workout. And we think the energy

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Speaker 1: from these meals is going to help us power through

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Speaker 1: and burn more calories at the gym, But it's actually

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Speaker 1: the calories from those pregame foods that are going to

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Speaker 1: get burned off first. And why is that Well, because

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Speaker 1: sugar from what you've just consumed will still be floating

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Speaker 1: freely in your bloodstream, and it takes muscle tissue much

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Speaker 1: less energy to take that sugar than it does to

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Speaker 1: burn off the existing fat stores. So your most recent

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Speaker 1: meal will always be the first to go during a workout.

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Speaker 1: But we can always just exercise a little longer, right,

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Speaker 1: I mean, once those preliminary calories are gone, our muscle

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Speaker 1: cells will start tipping away at storage fat for fuel. Well,

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Speaker 1: I mean yes and no. According to some breakthrough research

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Speaker 1: from Herman pons Er, there are a lot of assumptions

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Speaker 1: we've been making about human metabolism that they're not quite right.

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Speaker 1: So you know, it's true that a longer workout would

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Speaker 1: result in more calories burned and even some from storage fat.

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Speaker 1: But we know there's a limit to how many calories

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Speaker 1: your body will metabolize in any given day. So I'm

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Speaker 1: definitely intrigued. But before we get too far into this,

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Speaker 1: we should probably clarify the basics of metabolism. All right,

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Speaker 1: well I'll let you do that. Go for it, okay.

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Speaker 1: So metabolism is basically the sum of all the processes

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Speaker 1: that takes place in our bodies. We're talking digestion, respiration,

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Speaker 1: the production of cells, the movement of substances between cells,

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Speaker 1: you name it, and all these processes require energy, which

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Speaker 1: our bodies released from the calories we consume. So even

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Speaker 1: without exercise and other forms of physical activity, we still

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Speaker 1: burned through or metabolize a huge number of calories simply

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Speaker 1: by being alive. Yeah, exactly. So back to Herman Ponsers

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Speaker 1: World Shattering Research and February's issue of Scientific American, Herman

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Speaker 1: shared findings from his study of the Hadza tribe and

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Speaker 1: rule Tanzania. He and other researchers spent a whole month

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Speaker 1: living with the Hatsa, who were one of the last

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Speaker 1: traditional hunter gatherer cultures left on Earth. It was during

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Speaker 1: this time that Herman and his partners recorded measurements of

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Speaker 1: the daily energy expenditures of a couple dozen tribesmen and women.

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Speaker 1: So this allowed them to compare the daily calorie burn

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Speaker 1: of a society in which every member is highly active

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Speaker 1: to a Western society like our own and which members

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Speaker 1: are more you know, sedentary. Well, back up a second.

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Speaker 1: You said the researchers measured the hadzas daily energy expenditure.

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Speaker 1: But I'm wondering how they pull that off. Are you

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Speaker 1: really wondering that mango orre you just sensing there's an

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Speaker 1: opportunity here to talk about doubly labeled water? Of course

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Speaker 1: it is, you know, I love the d LW. Doubly

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Speaker 1: Labeled water is the special water in which the hydrogen

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Speaker 1: and oxygen molecules have been either partly or entirely replaced

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Speaker 1: with heavy isotopes that aren't usually found in the human body.

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Speaker 1: And it's safe to drink this stuff completely. They're stable isotopes,

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Speaker 1: so they're non radioactive. But here's what's great about them.

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Speaker 1: After somebody drinks d l W that's been enriched, researchers

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Speaker 1: suddenly have this tracking mechanism. Basically, by measuring the concentration

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Speaker 1: found in urine samples, researchers can determine person's daily rate

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Speaker 1: of carbon dioxide production. And since carbon dioxide is a

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Speaker 1: waste product of our bodies energy making processes, calculating how

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Speaker 1: much c O two someone produces in a day is

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Speaker 1: the best way to measure their energy expenditure. That is

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Speaker 1: pretty neat. Yeah, Doubly labeled water has become the gold

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Speaker 1: standard for measuring how much energy a person consumes. Like,

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Speaker 1: the margin of error is pretty small, and in fact,

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Speaker 1: the only downside is the cost. D LW is expensive,

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Speaker 1: like are we talking smart water expensive or like Fiji

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Speaker 1: water expensive? No, it's so much more than that. Dl

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Speaker 1: W runs researchers about dollars per test subjects. Actually, you

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Speaker 1: know what this really expensive water reminds me of? And

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Speaker 1: I know that this is totally off topic, but did

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Speaker 1: you know that the federal government actually sells a two

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Speaker 1: jar of peanut butter and there's just six ounces of

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Speaker 1: peanut butter in there. It's like a tiny jar. And

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Speaker 1: it also goes by this incredibly catchy name. Are you

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Speaker 1: ready for it? Standard Reference Material number two, three eights

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Speaker 1: of it. Oh, that sounds delicious, But why is it

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Speaker 1: actually so expensive? Is it more delicious? No, it's the

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Speaker 1: wonkiest reason ever. It's the super precise like peanut butter,

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Speaker 1: with specific levels of amino acids and fats and carcinogens.

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Speaker 1: And it's mostly used for quality controls so companies can

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Speaker 1: test their standards against the governments and make sure it

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Speaker 1: measures up. But as a result, no one actually eats

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Speaker 1: the peanut butter. It's just for lab purposes, which only

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Speaker 1: makes me want to try it more like with a

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Speaker 1: really cheap jelly. All well, let's get back to D. L. W.

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Speaker 1: Let me tell you what herman and his partners were

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Speaker 1: actually able to learn from having the Hods of tribe

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Speaker 1: drink it lay it on me. Well, first, let me

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Speaker 1: preface this by saying that the Hods are the kings

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Speaker 1: and queens of exercise. Every single day, the men trek

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Speaker 1: miles and miles to hunt for game with homemade bows

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Speaker 1: and arrows. They scale forty foot trees to hack tree

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Speaker 1: limbs with hatchets and gather wild honey. Now, the women

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Speaker 1: forage all day for wild berries and other edible plants

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Speaker 1: like tubers that they dig out at the ground with x.

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Speaker 1: Even the kids of the tribe are put to work

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Speaker 1: by hauling pails of water from a mile or more away. Okay,

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Speaker 1: so they're seriously active and no one sitting at their

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Speaker 1: desks right, definitely not. But what the researchers found was

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Speaker 1: that even though the Hadzas lives are far more physically demanding.

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Speaker 1: The amount of calories they ate and burned through in

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Speaker 1: the day was the same as in Europe and the US,

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Speaker 1: and the men went through about twenty six hundred calories

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Speaker 1: a day and the women burned through about nineteen hundred.

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Speaker 1: According to Herman, we looked at the data every way imaginable,

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Speaker 1: accounting for the effects of body size, fat percentage, age,

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Speaker 1: and sex. No difference at all, which is insane, isn't it.

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Speaker 1: I mean that you naturally assume that physically active people

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Speaker 1: would burn more calories, of course, but the research really

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Speaker 1: doesn't bear that out. In fact, they did a follow

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Speaker 1: up study with about three hundred participants and it showed

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Speaker 1: the exact same thing. The people who were the most

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Speaker 1: active burned the same daily amount of calories as those

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Speaker 1: who were only moderately, and the participants who barely left

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Speaker 1: the couch at all burned about two fewer calories than them,

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Speaker 1: the same amount they would have burned from a mere

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Speaker 1: thirty minutes of exercise. Doesn't seem to suggest that our

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Speaker 1: metabolisms are like fixed like. It almost seems like there's

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Speaker 1: a preset amount of calories that your body is willing

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Speaker 1: to burn in any given day, and no matter how

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Speaker 1: far you run or how many push ups you do,

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Speaker 1: you won't be able to top that max limit. But

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Speaker 1: my bigger question is this, why doesn't the Hadza hunter

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Speaker 1: burn more in day than the average office worker. Well,

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Speaker 1: I'm not sure we really have the answer to that yet,

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Speaker 1: but one thing I've seen researches suggest is that our

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Speaker 1: bodies account for the calories burned through physical activity by

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Speaker 1: dialing back on the number of calories we devote to

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Speaker 1: the background functions that keep us alive. About six of

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Speaker 1: the calories we burn each day go to these unseen

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Speaker 1: or unconscious processes, so it's possible that when our physical

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Speaker 1: activity pushes us beyond that other daily cloric expenditure, our

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Speaker 1: body is just cut back on the calories spin on

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Speaker 1: metabolic processes. This would help even the scales and keep

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Speaker 1: us from exceeding our preset energy budget for the day,

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Speaker 1: which is really cool but also disheartening. Right, no wonder,

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Speaker 1: I've got this paunch. I feel so betrayed unt I'll

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Speaker 1: take it too hard. So a fixed daily energy expenditure

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Speaker 1: limit is likely, and evolved trade meant to help conserve

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Speaker 1: our fat stores for when we really need them. I mean,

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Speaker 1: imagine if the Hotsa hunters were free to burn through

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Speaker 1: ten thousand calories during a hunt instead of the typical

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Speaker 1: two thousand or so, if they were to come up

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Speaker 1: empty handed, they would have lost five days worth of

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Speaker 1: calories in one with no prospects for replacing them. And

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Speaker 1: at that rate they're already limited. Fat stores will be

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Speaker 1: depleted in no time, and they'd find themselves on the

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Speaker 1: brink of starvation. Which is a great point but still

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Speaker 1: doesn't make you feel like maybe all that time spent

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Speaker 1: exercising was I don't know, kind of a waste. Well, no,

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Speaker 1: hold on a second, so don't forget that exercise has

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Speaker 1: all kinds of great benefits beyond weight loss. For starters,

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Speaker 1: exercises fantastic for your heart and blood vessels. It makes

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Speaker 1: your heart contract with greater force and frequency, which increases

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Speaker 1: blood flow leads to less artery clogging. There's also plenty

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Speaker 1: of evidence that exercise helps reduce the risk of some cancers,

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Speaker 1: as well as type two diabetes and cardiovascular disease. But

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Speaker 1: one of my favorite benefits of exercise that often goes overlooked.

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Speaker 1: Not only does it help strengthen your muscles, it helps

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Speaker 1: strengthen your bones too. Just like muscles, bones grow stronger

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Speaker 1: when they've been made to carry more weight than normal.

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Speaker 1: So your muscles contract during exercise, they apply force to

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Speaker 1: the bones that support those parts of the body. The

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Speaker 1: added force stimulates the bones and causes them to reinforce

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Speaker 1: themselves by building new tissue, which is really cool. But

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Speaker 1: you know, Will, I'm pretty sure we'd have to forfeit

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Speaker 1: our part time Genius membership cards if we miss the

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Speaker 1: chance to talk about some of the more amazing mental

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Speaker 1: benefits of exercise, like thanks to Fernando Gomez Pinia, a

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Speaker 1: neuro surgery professor at U c l A, we now

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Speaker 1: have some firm evidence of that connection. Namely, we know

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Speaker 1: that exercise increases the number of certain molecules in the

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Speaker 1: brain that are crucial for cognition. For example, there's one

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Speaker 1: molecule called brain derived I have neurotrophic factor, or b

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Speaker 1: d NF, and that stimulates the growth and survival of

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Speaker 1: brain cells and even helps facilitate communication between them. And

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Speaker 1: there have been some studies on rats that have shown

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Speaker 1: that physical activity boost b d NF levels in the hippocampus,

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Speaker 1: which is a part of the brain that's super important

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Speaker 1: for learning and even memory function, all right, but how

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Speaker 1: exactly does that help the rats? Well, that higher level

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Speaker 1: of b d NF actually allowed them to better remember

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Speaker 1: how they find their way through underwater mazes, and there

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Speaker 1: are tons of studies that suggest that same kind of

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Speaker 1: mental improvement from fitness happens in humans as well well.

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Speaker 1: A better brain is definitely a nice perk. But there's

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Speaker 1: another mental benefit to exercise that I like even more,

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Speaker 1: and that's mood enhancement. You probably heard of runners high

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Speaker 1: or exercise high, sure, and I've heard of both of those.

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Speaker 1: That's the euphoric feeling you get when you're need even

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Speaker 1: a strenuous workout, right. And while most people think it's

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Speaker 1: caused by endorphins, you know, those dandy neurochemicals that minimize

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Speaker 1: pain and stir up feelings of well being, exercise highs

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Speaker 1: are actually do more to neurotransmitters serotonin and neuro epinephrin,

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Speaker 1: So our bodies pump more of these throughout our nervous

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Speaker 1: systems during workouts, which elevates our mood and helps fight

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Speaker 1: back feelings of stress and depression. Okay, so maybe our

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Speaker 1: bodies aren't quite the turn coats I made them out

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Speaker 1: to be. But we've definitely been misinformed about the role

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Speaker 1: of exercise and weight loss. How do you think this

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Speaker 1: misunderstanding got started? And uh, is there really no basis

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Speaker 1: for thinking exercises an effective way to lose weight? Well,

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Speaker 1: there's a great questions. But before we exhaust ourselves, but

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Speaker 1: we check in with our guests for a little QUIZD.

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Speaker 1: So our guest today is partially responsible for our interest

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Speaker 1: in today's topic. His research has contributed to a much

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Speaker 1: better understanding of the relationship between our daily activity, our

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Speaker 1: daily calorie consumption and energy use and calorie burning and

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Speaker 1: all of that. And his name just kind of sounds

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Speaker 1: like he should have a theory named for him. Herman

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Speaker 1: Ponzer welcomed his part time genius. Hi, how you doing.

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Speaker 1: I'm doing well? Thank you? See what I mean, Mango,

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Speaker 1: I mean, can't you just imagine something called the Herman

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Speaker 1: Ponser theory of why we're still so freaking fast? Sounds right? Yeah, yeah,

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Speaker 1: we'll see if we can make that happen. So all right, Herman, Well,

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Speaker 1: let's just start with your research and Tanzania, I mean,

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Speaker 1: which got a lot of attention a few years ago,

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Speaker 1: and people are still talking about it. Can you tell

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Speaker 1: us why you were studying there and and and just

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Speaker 1: let our listeners know about your findings from that research. Sure. Well,

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Speaker 1: I'm an evolutionary biologist who's interested in how humans got

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Speaker 1: to be the way they are and how the human

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Speaker 1: body works from a kind of an evolutionary perspective. Um.

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Speaker 1: And of course humans we've all spent the most most

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Speaker 1: of our history as hunter gathers. If you go back,

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Speaker 1: you know, a couple of thousand years, all of us

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Speaker 1: are hunting and gathering, and you know, back two million

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Speaker 1: years ago with hunting gathering kind of starts. So we

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Speaker 1: have a long evolutionary history of hunting and gathering. Uh.

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Speaker 1: Not many populations hunt and gather anymore, um, but that

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Speaker 1: makes sort of understanding how they're lifestyles and they're you know,

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Speaker 1: their physiology works all the more important because we think

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Speaker 1: it's a really important sort of uh touchstone for understanding

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Speaker 1: how our bodies work, even in our weird environments today.

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Speaker 1: So in northern Candonia, there's a population called the Hotza,

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Speaker 1: who are one of the last um populations on Earth

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Speaker 1: that still hunt and gather regularly, so they don't have

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Speaker 1: any crops or domesticated animals or vehicles or guns or

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Speaker 1: machines or anything like that. They wake up every morning

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Speaker 1: and go off and hunt wild game and gather wild

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Speaker 1: plant foods, just like you know all of us, did

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Speaker 1: you know, just a few generations ago. Uh. And so

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Speaker 1: there's this really amazing and cool and generous and wonderful

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Speaker 1: population to work with to try to understand how that

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Speaker 1: lifestyle affects the way our bodies work. And one of

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Speaker 1: the fundamental things we wanted to understand was how many

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Speaker 1: calories they burned every day, because we thought, well, they're

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Speaker 1: so active. We know they're extremely active, but they've burned

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Speaker 1: tons more calories every day than we do here in

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Speaker 1: you know, in the US and Europe another kind of

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Speaker 1: westernized societies. And what we found instead, to our huge surprise,

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Speaker 1: was they burned the same number of calories every day

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Speaker 1: as you and I do. Wow. So if they were

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Speaker 1: wearing a fitbit or something like that, would it, I mean,

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Speaker 1: it would tell them that they had burned probably thousands

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Speaker 1: more calories than they actually had. Is that true or

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Speaker 1: they're right? Yeah, the fit that would tell them the

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Speaker 1: same lies that it tells you, which you know, however

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Speaker 1: active you are determines how many calories you burned. So

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Speaker 1: we know from other studies that we've done since that

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Speaker 1: they just to confirm our intuitions there. Uh, and this

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Speaker 1: is obvious to anybody who's worked with these With these folks, Uh,

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Speaker 1: they are incredibly physically active, sort of like three to

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Speaker 1: five times more physically active every day than the average westerner. Um.

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Speaker 1: And yet despite that, they're still burning in the same

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Speaker 1: number of calories as we do. So you know, they're

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Speaker 1: also really healthy. They have really healthy hearts and immune systems,

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Speaker 1: they don't have diabetes or anything like that. We think

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Speaker 1: the physical activity is a big part of that. So

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Speaker 1: it's important for their health, but it's not what keeps

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Speaker 1: and um, you know, sort of protected from obesity. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and that's a big part of what we're trying to

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Speaker 1: remind our listeners of today is just because there's not

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Speaker 1: this as strong of a connection as we might have

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Speaker 1: thought between exercise and weight loss, they're obviously very real

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Speaker 1: benefits to doing the exercise that we do. Yeah, that's

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Speaker 1: a really important point because you know, when we came

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Speaker 1: out with this study and said, hey, look, these hunter

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Speaker 1: gather folks who are important to understand our history and

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Speaker 1: and how our bodies work. Um, and we thought that

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Speaker 1: they would burn so many work couties and then the

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Speaker 1: rest of us do. Turns out that that's not true. Um.

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Speaker 1: The response that we got was, you know, emails from

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Speaker 1: out of the blue saying, you know, you're destroying the

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Speaker 1: world because you're telling people not to exercise, right, And

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Speaker 1: of course that's not what we were saying at all.

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Speaker 1: You still to exercise, It's still important for your health.

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Speaker 1: It's just that it doesn't work the way that we

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Speaker 1: thought it worked, which was the exciting and fun part

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Speaker 1: of the science. You know, something that's been puzzling to us.

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Speaker 1: And this really isn't related exactly to the HODSA, but

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Speaker 1: you know, you remember during previous summer Olympics when you

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Speaker 1: see all these stories on Mike Phelps and his daily

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Speaker 1: diet and Michael Phelps questions, I knew it was exactly

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Speaker 1: so yeah, you had to know it was coming. So

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Speaker 1: so just I mean, and again that's this is called

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Speaker 1: the Ponser effect. So, um so, the the insane amount

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Speaker 1: of food that he would eat in order to keep

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Speaker 1: up with his fitness regiment. I mean, how was he

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Speaker 1: not super fat during this process. Yeah, well so there's

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Speaker 1: two I guess there's at least two pieces of this.

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Speaker 1: One is that, um, Michael Felts is not a normal

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Speaker 1: human and uh that's obvious if you watch him swim

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Speaker 1: and how fast he is an amazing as he is

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Speaker 1: an athlete. Um. And so you know what he's doing

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Speaker 1: during those those workout you know cycles where he's burning

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Speaker 1: ten talent colories. By the way, he's actually measured how

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Speaker 1: many calories he's bringing during these cycles. So we don't

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Speaker 1: really know. You see numbers thrown around like eight thousand

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Speaker 1: calories a thing, um, which maybe it is true. Um.

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Speaker 1: We know that if you look at like a Tour

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Speaker 1: de France cyclist like is happening right now, um, or

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Speaker 1: where you look at Michael Phelps during or another Olympic

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Speaker 1: athlete during these really intense training and competition times, that

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Speaker 1: for a few weeks or even you know a couple

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Speaker 1: of months, your body can burn tons more calories than

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Speaker 1: the would be normal. Um. What we don't know is

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Speaker 1: what are the limits to that. I don't think Michael

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Speaker 1: Pelps can burn it susan colories a day forever. I

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Speaker 1: think that you know, his body would break down. Um.

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Speaker 1: And I think that you know, he can do that

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Speaker 1: during certain periods. And the other piece of this is that,

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Speaker 1: you know, there's a reason that not everybody's Michael Phelps.

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Speaker 1: And it might well be that people who are flexible

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Speaker 1: enough and they're metabolic rate to to sort of be

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Speaker 1: able to handle that huge influx are the people who

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Speaker 1: end up being Olympic athletes, you know. Um. And I

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Speaker 1: think the third thing I'd say is it just goes

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Speaker 1: to show you, um, you know, we we think of

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Speaker 1: I think sometimes the paleo diet folks imagine these elite

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Speaker 1: athletes as being kind of indicative of what our path

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Speaker 1: was like, right Like if we were only if we

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Speaker 1: only exercise like Michael Phelps, we'd all be back in

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Speaker 1: the sort of state of nature. Um. And in fact,

429
00:22:12,240 --> 00:22:14,800
Speaker 1: people like Michael Felts are way on the extreme of

430
00:22:14,800 --> 00:22:17,760
Speaker 1: of beyond what's what's normal for any human society anywhere.

431
00:22:17,840 --> 00:22:21,800
Speaker 1: The cycial activity levels extremely too, extremely high. Well, I

432
00:22:21,840 --> 00:22:23,880
Speaker 1: feel like we've been ponsored. So it's time to turn

433
00:22:23,920 --> 00:22:27,600
Speaker 1: the tables here and put into the test. We're gonna

434
00:22:27,600 --> 00:22:29,840
Speaker 1: play a little quiz with herman here. What's our quiz

435
00:22:29,840 --> 00:22:32,600
Speaker 1: called today? Mango. It's called real, vintage diet or something

436
00:22:32,600 --> 00:22:34,359
Speaker 1: we just made up. All right, So this is a

437
00:22:34,359 --> 00:22:36,480
Speaker 1: pretty simple game. We're going to read you a list

438
00:22:36,480 --> 00:22:38,440
Speaker 1: of diets and you're going to tell us if they're

439
00:22:38,480 --> 00:22:41,119
Speaker 1: real or whether we just made them up. Does that

440
00:22:41,200 --> 00:22:44,960
Speaker 1: sound sound good to you? Herman? All right? Here we

441
00:22:45,000 --> 00:22:48,800
Speaker 1: go five questions. The first one the seven day milk diet,

442
00:22:49,000 --> 00:22:52,600
Speaker 1: real or made up? Um, I'll tell you this. A

443
00:22:52,680 --> 00:22:56,360
Speaker 1: guy ran across the US in two other drinking almost

444
00:22:57,040 --> 00:23:01,080
Speaker 1: drinking milk and almost nothing else. So I want to say.

445
00:23:01,119 --> 00:23:03,679
Speaker 1: I want to say true, because full a lot of

446
00:23:03,880 --> 00:23:08,639
Speaker 1: good stuff for you. That sounds terrible, Yeah, it's true.

447
00:23:08,720 --> 00:23:12,040
Speaker 1: In nine seventies, pamphlet put off by the California Milk

448
00:23:12,040 --> 00:23:16,320
Speaker 1: Advisory Board advised eating less and drinking milk with every meal. Wow,

449
00:23:16,560 --> 00:23:20,160
Speaker 1: that sounds horrible, and then running just sounds then run

450
00:23:20,200 --> 00:23:23,560
Speaker 1: across the country, all right. Number two the sexy pineapple diet,

451
00:23:23,600 --> 00:23:28,440
Speaker 1: which happens to come from Denmark. Um, the sexy pineapple diet.

452
00:23:29,000 --> 00:23:31,919
Speaker 1: I'm gonna say there's no but there's no way. I

453
00:23:31,960 --> 00:23:34,800
Speaker 1: studied people, and to tell you about people is no

454
00:23:35,080 --> 00:23:39,920
Speaker 1: human culture. Pines, pineapple sexy. I'm gonna say no to

455
00:23:40,000 --> 00:23:44,600
Speaker 1: the s this is actually true? And where did this

456
00:23:44,680 --> 00:23:47,160
Speaker 1: come from? Yeah, buzz, we had found this diet book

457
00:23:47,160 --> 00:23:50,520
Speaker 1: for nineteen seventy and the Chicago Tribune it actually reviewed

458
00:23:50,560 --> 00:23:52,919
Speaker 1: it and they panned it, saying, if you're ready to

459
00:23:52,960 --> 00:23:57,560
Speaker 1: be miserable about something, this diet guarantees twenty four hour dismay.

460
00:23:58,840 --> 00:24:03,600
Speaker 1: So here we go, alright, one out of two, number three,

461
00:24:04,480 --> 00:24:08,720
Speaker 1: Chowder through the thirty day Chowder, Power diet, Chowder through

462
00:24:08,800 --> 00:24:13,080
Speaker 1: the thirty day Chowder Power Diet. I just I don't

463
00:24:13,080 --> 00:24:14,840
Speaker 1: want that to be true, so I'm gonna say no.

464
00:24:19,119 --> 00:24:21,000
Speaker 1: You know, Mano, I don't know how many skills you have,

465
00:24:21,119 --> 00:24:22,960
Speaker 1: but this is one of your skills to make up

466
00:24:23,040 --> 00:24:25,560
Speaker 1: things like this that just sounds so real. So yes,

467
00:24:25,640 --> 00:24:28,679
Speaker 1: this is this is in fact fault. Right, Yeah, it's false.

468
00:24:29,160 --> 00:24:31,399
Speaker 1: There was a tune around the clock diet for a while.

469
00:24:31,600 --> 00:24:33,920
Speaker 1: Tune around the clock. Alright, so he's two for three.

470
00:24:34,000 --> 00:24:37,480
Speaker 1: Let's see the next one. Skinny like Lincoln the Gettysburg

471
00:24:37,680 --> 00:24:44,639
Speaker 1: ration diet um fault because Lincoln was skinny because he

472
00:24:44,760 --> 00:24:47,520
Speaker 1: was he had a condition. I think I don't think

473
00:24:47,520 --> 00:24:51,399
Speaker 1: he was skinny because I would he ate. I'm yeah, right.

474
00:24:52,520 --> 00:24:54,679
Speaker 1: So the last one here, he's three out of four

475
00:24:55,520 --> 00:25:00,200
Speaker 1: the Drinking Man's Diet. Do you have any deep held

476
00:25:00,200 --> 00:25:04,560
Speaker 1: on this? I mean man side and I got to

477
00:25:04,600 --> 00:25:06,480
Speaker 1: be give me detailed to kind of gives it away,

478
00:25:06,520 --> 00:25:11,719
Speaker 1: doesn't it. Um? So so tell me nothing, tell me nothing, um. True,

479
00:25:11,880 --> 00:25:16,320
Speaker 1: Absolutely true, It's true. I like that. You didn't need

480
00:25:16,359 --> 00:25:18,600
Speaker 1: any more detail, but we'll give you a little. It

481
00:25:18,680 --> 00:25:22,359
Speaker 1: was subtitled how to Lose Weight with Minimum Willpower and

482
00:25:22,440 --> 00:25:26,520
Speaker 1: it was basically in nineteen sixties Atkins Diet. It was

483
00:25:26,560 --> 00:25:29,439
Speaker 1: based on eating steak and drinking nothing but whiskey. All right,

484
00:25:29,480 --> 00:25:32,119
Speaker 1: Well that's pretty impressive. So so how's herman done today?

485
00:25:33,000 --> 00:25:36,200
Speaker 1: Herman did an incredible four for five, And in addition

486
00:25:36,240 --> 00:25:38,560
Speaker 1: to our harder than admiration, we're actually gonna send him

487
00:25:38,600 --> 00:25:40,560
Speaker 1: a copy of a book we found called Help Lord

488
00:25:40,600 --> 00:25:44,200
Speaker 1: the Devil Wants Me Fat, a scriptural approach to trim

489
00:25:44,240 --> 00:25:48,119
Speaker 1: and attractive bodies. That's gonna be a great prize. Well, Herman,

490
00:25:48,200 --> 00:25:50,800
Speaker 1: thanks so much for joining us today. Thank you. It

491
00:25:50,840 --> 00:26:08,200
Speaker 1: was a lot of fun. You're listening to part time

492
00:26:08,240 --> 00:26:11,800
Speaker 1: genius and we're talking about the surprising truth behind exercise.

493
00:26:12,240 --> 00:26:14,280
Speaker 1: So mego before the break I was wondering who to

494
00:26:14,359 --> 00:26:16,520
Speaker 1: blame for the fact that exercise has sort of become

495
00:26:16,560 --> 00:26:19,600
Speaker 1: synonymous with weight loss in our minds. Any ideas on that.

496
00:26:19,680 --> 00:26:24,280
Speaker 1: You're asking me to name names, I actually am. Yeah. Well,

497
00:26:24,320 --> 00:26:26,320
Speaker 1: I did some digging, and while it might be a

498
00:26:26,320 --> 00:26:29,320
Speaker 1: little unfair to lay the entire blame for a widespread

499
00:26:29,400 --> 00:26:34,000
Speaker 1: cultural misunderstanding on one individual, there's no denying that John

500
00:26:34,080 --> 00:26:36,959
Speaker 1: Mayor makes a pretty good scapegoat. I'll take it. So,

501
00:26:37,080 --> 00:26:40,439
Speaker 1: who is who is? John Mayor? Said? Well, John is

502
00:26:40,480 --> 00:26:44,040
Speaker 1: this French American scientist and nutritionists who did some high

503
00:26:44,040 --> 00:26:48,280
Speaker 1: profile research on the physiology of hunger and metabolism during

504
00:26:48,280 --> 00:26:51,600
Speaker 1: the mid twentieth century. In fact, thanks to his breakthrough

505
00:26:51,680 --> 00:26:55,280
Speaker 1: studies on rats, babies, and school girls in the nineteen fifties,

506
00:26:55,600 --> 00:26:58,600
Speaker 1: Mayor became the first researcher to make a connection between

507
00:26:58,720 --> 00:27:02,120
Speaker 1: exercise and weight loss. He showed that the less physically

508
00:27:02,119 --> 00:27:04,760
Speaker 1: active a person was, the more likely they were to

509
00:27:04,800 --> 00:27:06,840
Speaker 1: be overweight. All right, hold on, so you're saying that

510
00:27:06,960 --> 00:27:10,360
Speaker 1: prior to Mayor, nobody thought that burning calories through exercise

511
00:27:10,440 --> 00:27:13,480
Speaker 1: might result in weight loss. Yeah, it sounds so crazy,

512
00:27:13,600 --> 00:27:16,119
Speaker 1: but that line of thinking was unpopular in the scientific

513
00:27:16,119 --> 00:27:20,520
Speaker 1: community before Mayor came along. In fact, during the nineteen thirties,

514
00:27:20,560 --> 00:27:23,240
Speaker 1: some scientists actually argued that bed rest was the most

515
00:27:23,240 --> 00:27:26,360
Speaker 1: effective way to treat a beast patients, not exercise. Can

516
00:27:26,400 --> 00:27:28,200
Speaker 1: you imagine this a are you guys going to hike

517
00:27:28,240 --> 00:27:29,720
Speaker 1: without me? And my doctor says I need to shut

518
00:27:29,760 --> 00:27:32,400
Speaker 1: a few pounds. I'm just gonna lie right here right.

519
00:27:32,680 --> 00:27:35,160
Speaker 1: It sounds like one of those crazy diets or miracle

520
00:27:35,240 --> 00:27:39,040
Speaker 1: cures you sometimes hear about that you know never actually works.

521
00:27:39,440 --> 00:27:42,560
Speaker 1: But back to Mayor. He actually served as an advisor

522
00:27:42,640 --> 00:27:45,000
Speaker 1: to both the White House and to the w h O,

523
00:27:45,440 --> 00:27:47,720
Speaker 1: which made him a top name in nutrition and one

524
00:27:47,760 --> 00:27:50,240
Speaker 1: of the most influential figures in the public health sphere

525
00:27:50,600 --> 00:27:53,560
Speaker 1: thanks to the connections he made between exercise and weight loss.

526
00:27:53,880 --> 00:27:56,120
Speaker 1: The idea of getting fit took off in the sixties

527
00:27:56,119 --> 00:28:00,480
Speaker 1: and seventies, which led to this uh thriving jim industry

528
00:28:00,520 --> 00:28:02,840
Speaker 1: and a cultural obsession with working out as a way

529
00:28:02,880 --> 00:28:05,840
Speaker 1: to lose weight and to live healthier, and it clearly

530
00:28:05,920 --> 00:28:09,199
Speaker 1: snowballed from their Obesity rates have risen dramatically over the

531
00:28:09,240 --> 00:28:11,719
Speaker 1: last few decades is more and more of the population

532
00:28:11,760 --> 00:28:14,920
Speaker 1: began trading jobs on farms and in factories for these

533
00:28:14,920 --> 00:28:18,040
Speaker 1: desk jobs. It probably made sense to conclude that this

534
00:28:18,119 --> 00:28:21,480
Speaker 1: more sedentary lifestyle was the cause of all that weight gain, right,

535
00:28:21,560 --> 00:28:24,800
Speaker 1: But today's scientists, no, that's not the full story. It's

536
00:28:24,800 --> 00:28:27,480
Speaker 1: actually a case of mixing up cause and effect. People

537
00:28:27,520 --> 00:28:31,160
Speaker 1: aren't overweight because they're inactive. They're inactive because they're overweight.

538
00:28:31,480 --> 00:28:33,560
Speaker 1: It's harder to stay active when you weigh more, so

539
00:28:33,880 --> 00:28:36,040
Speaker 1: many people just don't. Well, it makes sense because it

540
00:28:36,080 --> 00:28:39,080
Speaker 1: points back to the real culprit behind the obesity epidemic,

541
00:28:39,120 --> 00:28:42,280
Speaker 1: and that's diet. We really have an obscene amount of

542
00:28:42,280 --> 00:28:44,920
Speaker 1: food options today, and thanks to lifestyles that are more

543
00:28:44,920 --> 00:28:48,960
Speaker 1: sedentary compared to previous generations, we have plenty of opportunities

544
00:28:49,000 --> 00:28:51,960
Speaker 1: to over indulge on all of that variety, and we

545
00:28:52,080 --> 00:28:55,560
Speaker 1: take full advantage of this. For instance, researchers at Harvard

546
00:28:55,600 --> 00:28:58,760
Speaker 1: conducted to surveys on food consumption. One was in the

547
00:28:58,800 --> 00:29:01,120
Speaker 1: mid nineteen seventies and then a second in the mid

548
00:29:01,280 --> 00:29:03,840
Speaker 1: nine es, and they found that although the number of

549
00:29:03,880 --> 00:29:07,040
Speaker 1: calories expended didn't change significantly in that time period, the

550
00:29:07,120 --> 00:29:09,760
Speaker 1: number of calories consumed in a day increased by two

551
00:29:09,840 --> 00:29:12,640
Speaker 1: hundred and sixty eight calories for men and a hundred

552
00:29:12,640 --> 00:29:15,080
Speaker 1: and forty three for women. Yeah, it really does sound

553
00:29:15,160 --> 00:29:18,800
Speaker 1: like our unfettered access to affordable, no muss prepared foods

554
00:29:18,840 --> 00:29:21,920
Speaker 1: has taken a toll on our waistlines. I mean, we're

555
00:29:22,000 --> 00:29:26,760
Speaker 1: constantly surrounded by food, and according to Brian wantsonk uh Cornell,

556
00:29:26,880 --> 00:29:29,680
Speaker 1: researcher who studies how we eat, we eat the amount

557
00:29:29,720 --> 00:29:31,960
Speaker 1: of food we do mostly because of what's around us.

558
00:29:32,360 --> 00:29:36,080
Speaker 1: In his book Mindless Eating, Brian writes, we overeat not

559
00:29:36,160 --> 00:29:39,480
Speaker 1: because of hunger, but because of family and friends. Packages

560
00:29:39,520 --> 00:29:43,720
Speaker 1: and plates, names and numbers, labels and lights, colors and candles,

561
00:29:43,760 --> 00:29:48,200
Speaker 1: shapes and smells, distractions and distances, cupboards and containers. This

562
00:29:48,240 --> 00:29:51,080
Speaker 1: list is almost as endless as it's invisible. I think

563
00:29:51,120 --> 00:29:54,640
Speaker 1: he was just showing off his illiterative ability. That was impressive.

564
00:29:55,280 --> 00:29:57,680
Speaker 1: So it's not so much that are less active lifestyles

565
00:29:57,680 --> 00:29:59,680
Speaker 1: have made us gain weight, but that we've developed the

566
00:29:59,680 --> 00:30:02,880
Speaker 1: bad habit of filling that downtime with mindless eating brought

567
00:30:02,920 --> 00:30:05,880
Speaker 1: on by food cues. Exactly. It's the reverse principle of

568
00:30:05,920 --> 00:30:08,800
Speaker 1: out of sight, out of mind. Brian calls it insight

569
00:30:08,920 --> 00:30:11,800
Speaker 1: in stomach creative. This guy is just full of them,

570
00:30:11,840 --> 00:30:14,640
Speaker 1: and it's a serious problem. For example, if you have

571
00:30:14,680 --> 00:30:17,000
Speaker 1: cookies or chips sitting out on your counter, there's a

572
00:30:17,040 --> 00:30:19,640
Speaker 1: strong chance you'll weigh about eight pounds more than a

573
00:30:19,640 --> 00:30:22,720
Speaker 1: person who doesn't. Oh wow, we really are that suggestible,

574
00:30:22,720 --> 00:30:25,480
Speaker 1: aren't we. Yeah, and it gets much worse. Soda is

575
00:30:25,520 --> 00:30:27,400
Speaker 1: one of the big examples that gets brought up as

576
00:30:27,440 --> 00:30:30,760
Speaker 1: a contributor to rising ob CD rates, and it looks

577
00:30:30,800 --> 00:30:33,120
Speaker 1: like that's for a good reason. Apparently, if you keep

578
00:30:33,160 --> 00:30:35,920
Speaker 1: soda on hand in plain sight, like front and center

579
00:30:35,960 --> 00:30:39,280
Speaker 1: in your fridge, you're gonna weigh on average twenty five

580
00:30:39,320 --> 00:30:41,480
Speaker 1: pounds more than a person who doesn't. Okay, you're just

581
00:30:41,520 --> 00:30:44,160
Speaker 1: scaring me now, my god. So we've got to figure

582
00:30:44,160 --> 00:30:45,680
Speaker 1: out a way to keep our weight in check. And

583
00:30:45,720 --> 00:30:49,400
Speaker 1: it's clear now that exercise alone isn't going to cut it. Still,

584
00:30:49,440 --> 00:30:51,680
Speaker 1: I don't want to write off weight loss through exercise

585
00:30:51,760 --> 00:30:54,760
Speaker 1: completely like the nineteen thirties type. So let's try to

586
00:30:54,800 --> 00:30:57,880
Speaker 1: make sense of how to really maximize its benefits. Great,

587
00:30:57,960 --> 00:31:00,440
Speaker 1: but before we get into that, let's break for quiz.

588
00:31:09,720 --> 00:31:12,280
Speaker 1: Welcome back to part time Genius. So here we are

589
00:31:12,400 --> 00:31:17,400
Speaker 1: Mango four chiseled bodies all in one room, or rather

590
00:31:18,040 --> 00:31:22,040
Speaker 1: rather two personal trainers and two podcasters. I think yeah,

591
00:31:22,040 --> 00:31:25,520
Speaker 1: but there's a twelve pack between the four most I'm

592
00:31:25,560 --> 00:31:27,160
Speaker 1: with you on that. So, so who do we have

593
00:31:27,240 --> 00:31:29,680
Speaker 1: us in with us in studio today? Mango, We've got

594
00:31:29,760 --> 00:31:33,120
Speaker 1: Janet Wortz and Mario Jordan's from the form Athletic Club

595
00:31:33,200 --> 00:31:35,680
Speaker 1: in Pont City Market right here in Atlanta. That is

596
00:31:35,720 --> 00:31:38,480
Speaker 1: just right downstairs from us. So welcome guys, thanks for

597
00:31:38,480 --> 00:31:40,600
Speaker 1: having us having us. All right, So we were just

598
00:31:40,680 --> 00:31:44,080
Speaker 1: talking before before we started out that, Mario, you were

599
00:31:44,080 --> 00:31:46,680
Speaker 1: telling us a little bit about your your breakfast regiment

600
00:31:46,760 --> 00:31:49,800
Speaker 1: every single day. What is it that usually? Um, it's

601
00:31:50,760 --> 00:31:54,240
Speaker 1: basically two cups of old meal and six hard boards.

602
00:31:57,200 --> 00:32:00,680
Speaker 1: It's basically, so say, okay hard Well, you didn't say

603
00:32:00,680 --> 00:32:02,600
Speaker 1: that before because I was gonna ask if we're doing

604
00:32:02,600 --> 00:32:05,720
Speaker 1: this like Rocky? So no, no, yeah, have you have

605
00:32:05,760 --> 00:32:09,360
Speaker 1: you ever done that? Can't do it? Okay, it's horrible.

606
00:32:09,760 --> 00:32:13,080
Speaker 1: I don't do scrambled eggs or yeah, you're always horrible.

607
00:32:13,680 --> 00:32:15,479
Speaker 1: How about you? Janee? Do you how many do you have?

608
00:32:15,560 --> 00:32:19,160
Speaker 1: Eight eggs? Oh? No, probably throughout the day I could,

609
00:32:19,320 --> 00:32:23,160
Speaker 1: but um, generally I'll have about four egg whites, sometimes

610
00:32:23,240 --> 00:32:28,360
Speaker 1: one whole egg and either protein pancake or ezekio bread oatmeal.

611
00:32:28,440 --> 00:32:31,160
Speaker 1: It just takes so long to eat for me, so

612
00:32:31,280 --> 00:32:35,840
Speaker 1: I really don't know how Mario gets through. And actually

613
00:32:35,840 --> 00:32:38,040
Speaker 1: with the hard boiled eggs, I have this problem where

614
00:32:38,040 --> 00:32:39,720
Speaker 1: I used to when I would travel a lot and

615
00:32:39,760 --> 00:32:41,640
Speaker 1: I would stop in and grab a couple of hard

616
00:32:41,640 --> 00:32:44,120
Speaker 1: boiled eggs real quick, and I would eat them too fast,

617
00:32:44,560 --> 00:32:46,560
Speaker 1: and I just knew that I was dying because I

618
00:32:46,560 --> 00:32:49,480
Speaker 1: couldn't breathe, like you're choking up because they're so dry.

619
00:32:49,600 --> 00:32:52,960
Speaker 1: Does that ever happen to you? Sometimes? Most of them?

620
00:32:53,280 --> 00:32:54,880
Speaker 1: I mean it depends on how long you cook it.

621
00:32:54,960 --> 00:33:04,520
Speaker 1: Something just overcooked and it will be watching. Yeah, this

622
00:33:04,640 --> 00:33:07,080
Speaker 1: actually speaks to what we've been talking about today. That

623
00:33:07,240 --> 00:33:10,840
Speaker 1: is important as exercises. Clearly, diet is very important. That's

624
00:33:10,880 --> 00:33:12,960
Speaker 1: why these two are in such great shape because they're

625
00:33:12,960 --> 00:33:15,960
Speaker 1: not exactly slacky. Now do you guys have your cheat

626
00:33:16,040 --> 00:33:18,760
Speaker 1: days or how does that work for you guys? Um?

627
00:33:18,800 --> 00:33:22,320
Speaker 1: For me, I prep my food um pretty much weekly,

628
00:33:22,440 --> 00:33:25,760
Speaker 1: whether it's for seven days or three days. And then yes,

629
00:33:25,800 --> 00:33:28,560
Speaker 1: I do cheat. I'm human. I actually work out and

630
00:33:28,640 --> 00:33:31,080
Speaker 1: eat right, so I can't eat it like that's one

631
00:33:31,120 --> 00:33:33,360
Speaker 1: of the things I do. So yes, okay, how about you.

632
00:33:33,720 --> 00:33:37,960
Speaker 1: I'm the same way. Um, I have cheap meals here

633
00:33:37,960 --> 00:33:43,200
Speaker 1: and there, that Derito's Loco stock, uh, milkshakes from Chick

634
00:33:43,240 --> 00:33:47,959
Speaker 1: fil A good, those are insane. That's my advice right now. Yea,

635
00:33:48,040 --> 00:33:53,680
Speaker 1: mine is case so Mexican food in case. All right. Well,

636
00:33:53,720 --> 00:33:56,240
Speaker 1: I know you guys have put yourself through a lot

637
00:33:56,360 --> 00:33:58,760
Speaker 1: as as as personal trainers, and you work really hard

638
00:33:58,760 --> 00:34:00,840
Speaker 1: every day. I don't think you've ever seeing anything like

639
00:34:00,840 --> 00:34:02,800
Speaker 1: you're going to see with today's quiz, though, Mango, what

640
00:34:02,840 --> 00:34:04,520
Speaker 1: are we putting them to the challenge with? Today? We're

641
00:34:04,520 --> 00:34:07,920
Speaker 1: gonna play a game called real Exercise fat or nonsensical

642
00:34:07,960 --> 00:34:10,279
Speaker 1: equipment we just made up? All right? So this game

643
00:34:10,360 --> 00:34:12,640
Speaker 1: is super easy. We're gonna read you six questions and

644
00:34:12,680 --> 00:34:14,480
Speaker 1: you just have to tell us if the gym equipment

645
00:34:14,480 --> 00:34:17,319
Speaker 1: we're talking about is real or something we made up.

646
00:34:17,360 --> 00:34:19,719
Speaker 1: You got it, got it, all right. So because we

647
00:34:19,760 --> 00:34:21,880
Speaker 1: know you like a challenge, we're gonna put you against

648
00:34:21,960 --> 00:34:24,879
Speaker 1: one another, all right, So, Janey, we're gonna let you

649
00:34:24,920 --> 00:34:28,000
Speaker 1: go first. Now. The first one is and I'll read

650
00:34:28,040 --> 00:34:31,800
Speaker 1: you the tagline along with it. Okay, it's Hawaii chair.

651
00:34:32,360 --> 00:34:35,239
Speaker 1: If you can sit, you can get fit. This is

652
00:34:35,239 --> 00:34:38,120
Speaker 1: promising you can lose weight the Hawaiian way. This electric

653
00:34:38,200 --> 00:34:41,000
Speaker 1: seat keeps your hips and bottom moving and a constant

654
00:34:41,080 --> 00:34:45,600
Speaker 1: hul emotion and you as you answer phones and file paperwork.

655
00:34:45,960 --> 00:34:47,520
Speaker 1: Is this something we made up? Or was this a

656
00:34:47,600 --> 00:34:52,480
Speaker 1: real exercise fad? Oh god, I really I watch a

657
00:34:52,520 --> 00:34:56,160
Speaker 1: lot of infomercials. Yeah. Um, I'm gonna say that it's real.

658
00:34:56,480 --> 00:35:00,320
Speaker 1: It is real, a one for one so you really

659
00:35:00,320 --> 00:35:03,080
Speaker 1: like move around moves. It moves your bottom around like

660
00:35:03,800 --> 00:35:13,640
Speaker 1: it's so crazy as this is how Hawaiian. Alright, Mario, alright,

661
00:35:13,680 --> 00:35:15,880
Speaker 1: she's one up on he. Here we go the human

662
00:35:16,040 --> 00:35:19,399
Speaker 1: slink a sizer because you're slinky, shouldn't have all the fun.

663
00:35:19,719 --> 00:35:21,480
Speaker 1: So this is building off the slinky craze of the

664
00:35:21,560 --> 00:35:24,440
Speaker 1: nineteen fifties. This rubber suit and helmet with a spring

665
00:35:24,520 --> 00:35:27,960
Speaker 1: on it was made to help obese obese kids somersault

666
00:35:28,000 --> 00:35:31,640
Speaker 1: downstairs while shedding away the pounds. Is this a real

667
00:35:31,719 --> 00:35:35,919
Speaker 1: exercise fad or equipment we made up? Uh, I'm gonna

668
00:35:35,920 --> 00:35:41,480
Speaker 1: say it's they're so good at this. It is something

669
00:35:41,520 --> 00:35:43,759
Speaker 1: we made up. Mang goes a threat on this He's

670
00:35:43,760 --> 00:35:46,080
Speaker 1: pretty good at making these things up, all right. Number three,

671
00:35:46,120 --> 00:35:50,000
Speaker 1: This is back to you, Janet. The mulby revolving hammock

672
00:35:50,320 --> 00:35:54,000
Speaker 1: guaranteed to make your spine young. This young hammock treated

673
00:35:54,040 --> 00:35:56,680
Speaker 1: your body like the net and slowly spun you around

674
00:35:56,680 --> 00:35:59,719
Speaker 1: for better back health and weight loss. Is this a

675
00:35:59,760 --> 00:36:02,840
Speaker 1: real exercise fat or something we made up? I was

676
00:36:02,880 --> 00:36:05,719
Speaker 1: trying to visualize it, and I couldn't even visualize that.

677
00:36:05,880 --> 00:36:09,120
Speaker 1: So I'm gonna say it's made up. We finally have

678
00:36:09,160 --> 00:36:12,520
Speaker 1: a wrong answer. They're not perfect. We thought this is

679
00:36:12,560 --> 00:36:16,480
Speaker 1: a real exercise fat and super bizarre. A picture of this.

680
00:36:17,960 --> 00:36:20,800
Speaker 1: Number four, Mario, this was back to you air shorts

681
00:36:20,920 --> 00:36:24,719
Speaker 1: great for shedding body moisture. These versatile, inflatable shorts were

682
00:36:24,760 --> 00:36:27,960
Speaker 1: supposed to bake your stomach, thighs, and bottom, causing you

683
00:36:28,000 --> 00:36:30,680
Speaker 1: to sweat as you worked out or wandered about town.

684
00:36:31,520 --> 00:36:36,799
Speaker 1: Is this a real exercise fat or something we made up? Uh?

685
00:36:37,360 --> 00:36:44,480
Speaker 1: As ridiculous as it sounds, let's say it's real ridiculous.

686
00:36:45,800 --> 00:36:48,799
Speaker 1: The pressure is on. Okay, I think this is a

687
00:36:48,840 --> 00:36:50,959
Speaker 1: two pointer, though, if I'm not mistaken, if I'm reading

688
00:36:50,960 --> 00:36:54,080
Speaker 1: the rules correctly, the official rules of our game here okay,

689
00:36:54,480 --> 00:36:57,759
Speaker 1: tag suit, the it new way to weight loss, A

690
00:36:57,800 --> 00:36:59,959
Speaker 1: weighted suit you can wear as you run around playing

691
00:37:00,040 --> 00:37:03,640
Speaker 1: adult tag with your friends. Just don't stay on base.

692
00:37:04,520 --> 00:37:06,680
Speaker 1: Is this a real fat or something we made up?

693
00:37:09,719 --> 00:37:15,040
Speaker 1: A real thing? Oh no, it's equipment we made off.

694
00:37:15,040 --> 00:37:17,240
Speaker 1: She didn't see as I was trying to make eye contact.

695
00:37:18,640 --> 00:37:21,520
Speaker 1: All right, here we go. Now this one, actually, unfortunately

696
00:37:21,560 --> 00:37:23,520
Speaker 1: Mario comes with a penalty if you miss it of

697
00:37:23,600 --> 00:37:25,759
Speaker 1: negative one. So let's see. So the pressure is on

698
00:37:25,800 --> 00:37:30,960
Speaker 1: the game. One last one. This one is called Twist

699
00:37:31,000 --> 00:37:35,320
Speaker 1: in Tone, the exerciser that's fun, easy and works. Basically,

700
00:37:35,360 --> 00:37:38,000
Speaker 1: it was a plastic lazy Susan that you could stand

701
00:37:38,000 --> 00:37:41,360
Speaker 1: on while doing the twist. Totally worth the five dollars

702
00:37:41,360 --> 00:37:46,879
Speaker 1: and cents. Real fat or something we made up? It's real?

703
00:37:47,440 --> 00:37:56,759
Speaker 1: Oh I remember seeing something like that. Oh wow. All right,

704
00:37:56,800 --> 00:37:58,640
Speaker 1: we'll tell us how our contestants have done here today,

705
00:37:58,719 --> 00:38:01,719
Speaker 1: Mango well as all ways, first place wins a handwritten

706
00:38:01,719 --> 00:38:04,400
Speaker 1: note from us to your mom or boss, singing your praises.

707
00:38:04,480 --> 00:38:07,399
Speaker 1: So Mario, that's coming your way. And because we don't

708
00:38:07,400 --> 00:38:10,080
Speaker 1: want anyone going home empty handed, Jane, you're getting a

709
00:38:10,120 --> 00:38:13,440
Speaker 1: pair of hander pants. The number one underwear inspired gloves

710
00:38:13,480 --> 00:38:19,600
Speaker 1: on the market today. Well, thank you guys so much

711
00:38:19,640 --> 00:38:21,719
Speaker 1: for joining us today on Part Time Genius. Thank you

712
00:38:21,760 --> 00:38:38,440
Speaker 1: for having us. So we were talking before about how

713
00:38:38,480 --> 00:38:40,880
Speaker 1: we've been conditioned over the last fifty years or so

714
00:38:40,960 --> 00:38:44,040
Speaker 1: to associate exercise with weight loss and what has turned

715
00:38:44,040 --> 00:38:46,799
Speaker 1: out to be a fairly unhealthy way. Yeah. I mean,

716
00:38:46,960 --> 00:38:49,440
Speaker 1: a lot of people start workout routines because they expect

717
00:38:49,440 --> 00:38:52,319
Speaker 1: the pounds to just melt off based on everything we've

718
00:38:52,320 --> 00:38:54,480
Speaker 1: been told about how to stay fit. But when that

719
00:38:54,520 --> 00:38:57,520
Speaker 1: doesn't happen as much as we expect, and the payoff

720
00:38:57,560 --> 00:39:00,680
Speaker 1: seems too slow or too little for the amount of effort, well,

721
00:39:00,719 --> 00:39:03,640
Speaker 1: then it's good body or gym membership exactly. And that's

722
00:39:03,680 --> 00:39:06,640
Speaker 1: the real shame. So many of us put unhealthy pressure

723
00:39:06,640 --> 00:39:10,200
Speaker 1: on ourselves as a result of these unrealistic expectations that

724
00:39:10,239 --> 00:39:12,800
Speaker 1: we put on an exercise, and the end result is

725
00:39:12,840 --> 00:39:15,080
Speaker 1: often that we blame ourselves and just give up on

726
00:39:15,160 --> 00:39:17,960
Speaker 1: losing weight altogether. And that also causes us to miss

727
00:39:17,960 --> 00:39:20,360
Speaker 1: out on the very real mental and physical benefits of

728
00:39:20,440 --> 00:39:23,640
Speaker 1: regular exercise. So let's try to help avoid that. Mango.

729
00:39:23,719 --> 00:39:26,600
Speaker 1: Let's put the true effectiveness of exercise for weight loss

730
00:39:26,600 --> 00:39:30,120
Speaker 1: into perspective. Okay, Well, first off, I think we should

731
00:39:30,160 --> 00:39:32,040
Speaker 1: say that the main reason why a lot of people's

732
00:39:32,040 --> 00:39:34,759
Speaker 1: exercise routines go could put is the same reason why

733
00:39:34,840 --> 00:39:37,640
Speaker 1: sixty of diet or is returned to their original weight

734
00:39:37,680 --> 00:39:41,439
Speaker 1: within three years. As diet and behavior expert Charlotte Markey

735
00:39:41,520 --> 00:39:44,879
Speaker 1: told Scientific American, people think too much about short term

736
00:39:44,920 --> 00:39:48,759
Speaker 1: goals and don't think enough about sustainable changes. If you're

737
00:39:48,760 --> 00:39:51,000
Speaker 1: going to lose weight, you have to change your behaviors

738
00:39:51,040 --> 00:39:53,279
Speaker 1: for the rest of your life for otherwise you gain

739
00:39:53,320 --> 00:39:55,640
Speaker 1: it back. And that's not a sexy message because it

740
00:39:55,640 --> 00:39:58,160
Speaker 1: seems daunting. Yeah, it does. And does she have any

741
00:39:58,200 --> 00:40:01,000
Speaker 1: suggestions on what kind of lifelong they aavioral changes people

742
00:40:01,080 --> 00:40:04,320
Speaker 1: might actually be able to stomach. Yeah, it's all about sustainability.

743
00:40:04,600 --> 00:40:06,960
Speaker 1: So for example, people don't have to completely cut out

744
00:40:07,080 --> 00:40:09,799
Speaker 1: entire food groups or ice cream or anything like that.

745
00:40:10,200 --> 00:40:12,719
Speaker 1: But we should strive for small scale changes that we

746
00:40:12,840 --> 00:40:15,560
Speaker 1: stick to, like dropping a soda or two from our

747
00:40:15,600 --> 00:40:17,880
Speaker 1: daily diet so we can cut a few hundred calories

748
00:40:17,880 --> 00:40:20,720
Speaker 1: from our intake, or staying on the lookout to avoid

749
00:40:20,760 --> 00:40:23,680
Speaker 1: mindless eating. Well, I think that's the kind of sustainability

750
00:40:23,760 --> 00:40:26,200
Speaker 1: is what we should aim for with exercise too. I mean,

751
00:40:26,239 --> 00:40:29,160
Speaker 1: once you stop thinking about the physical activity primarily is

752
00:40:29,160 --> 00:40:31,480
Speaker 1: a way to lose weight, it frees us up to

753
00:40:31,520 --> 00:40:34,600
Speaker 1: add exercise into our routines and enjoyable ways that will

754
00:40:34,640 --> 00:40:37,680
Speaker 1: be less likely to give up on totally. And despite

755
00:40:37,719 --> 00:40:40,840
Speaker 1: all we've learned about the limitations of calorie burning through workouts,

756
00:40:41,040 --> 00:40:43,560
Speaker 1: there actually are some ways to use exercise to help

757
00:40:43,640 --> 00:40:46,440
Speaker 1: us with our weight loss efforts. Like what. Well, for

758
00:40:46,520 --> 00:40:49,520
Speaker 1: one thing, exercise helps distract us from our food cravings.

759
00:40:49,719 --> 00:40:52,560
Speaker 1: It gives people something else to concentrate on, and there

760
00:40:52,600 --> 00:40:55,440
Speaker 1: are some forms of exercise that can help maximize the

761
00:40:55,440 --> 00:40:58,200
Speaker 1: amount of weight you lose from fat rather than muscle. Well,

762
00:40:58,200 --> 00:41:00,439
Speaker 1: that's a good point. So we've mostly been talking about

763
00:41:00,440 --> 00:41:03,319
Speaker 1: exercise in broad terms, but it's worth mentioning that most

764
00:41:03,400 --> 00:41:07,000
Speaker 1: forms of exercise fall into one of two broad groups.

765
00:41:07,000 --> 00:41:12,000
Speaker 1: So we've got aerobic type exercise like running, biking, swimming, rowing, etcetera,

766
00:41:12,360 --> 00:41:15,160
Speaker 1: which helps strengthen your heart and build stamina, and then

767
00:41:15,200 --> 00:41:18,920
Speaker 1: anaerobic exercise such as weightlifting or sprinting, which helps increase

768
00:41:19,000 --> 00:41:22,160
Speaker 1: lean muscle mass. Right, and both types of workout will

769
00:41:22,560 --> 00:41:24,719
Speaker 1: burn fat and help you lose a little weight, But

770
00:41:25,040 --> 00:41:28,160
Speaker 1: studies have found that aerobic training does provide the advantage

771
00:41:28,160 --> 00:41:30,759
Speaker 1: in terms of most weight and fat burned. So if

772
00:41:30,760 --> 00:41:32,399
Speaker 1: you're looking for the best way to burn the most

773
00:41:32,440 --> 00:41:36,240
Speaker 1: fat and the least amount of time, aerobic exercises probably

774
00:41:36,280 --> 00:41:38,080
Speaker 1: the way to go. That's true, but I wouldn't trade

775
00:41:38,120 --> 00:41:41,200
Speaker 1: in your barbells for running shoes just yet. If sustainability

776
00:41:41,280 --> 00:41:43,920
Speaker 1: really is the goal, it's not a bad idea to

777
00:41:43,960 --> 00:41:47,000
Speaker 1: gain some extra lean muscle. The research shows that an

778
00:41:47,000 --> 00:41:49,960
Speaker 1: increase in muscle can speed up your resting metabolic rate,

779
00:41:50,040 --> 00:41:52,920
Speaker 1: plus booster strength, and even lead to a better night's sleep.

780
00:41:53,440 --> 00:41:55,239
Speaker 1: So if you're really in it for the long haul,

781
00:41:55,600 --> 00:41:57,720
Speaker 1: the best strategy is probably do a little bit of both,

782
00:41:57,800 --> 00:42:00,160
Speaker 1: which sounds like a smart plan. And other thing I

783
00:42:00,200 --> 00:42:03,680
Speaker 1: always wonder about is fitness trackers like garments and Tom

784
00:42:03,760 --> 00:42:06,960
Speaker 1: Tom's and fit fits. Lots of people swear by them

785
00:42:06,960 --> 00:42:10,200
Speaker 1: and they're everywhere nowadays. Like I even saw that McDonald's

786
00:42:10,239 --> 00:42:12,640
Speaker 1: was giving them away in happy Meals last year and

787
00:42:12,880 --> 00:42:16,560
Speaker 1: what had to have have been one of the most ironic promotions.

788
00:42:16,560 --> 00:42:19,239
Speaker 1: So everybody has these things drapped to their risks, But

789
00:42:19,400 --> 00:42:21,920
Speaker 1: did they really help us lose weight or to come

790
00:42:21,920 --> 00:42:24,320
Speaker 1: any healthier. Well, you know, we recently had a listener

791
00:42:24,320 --> 00:42:26,680
Speaker 1: asked a similar question. So I did some digging, and

792
00:42:26,719 --> 00:42:29,640
Speaker 1: it turns out not really. I mean, there isn't a

793
00:42:29,680 --> 00:42:31,880
Speaker 1: ton of long term research yet on the effects of

794
00:42:31,920 --> 00:42:35,640
Speaker 1: wearable fitness technology. It hasn't yet been around long enough.

795
00:42:35,719 --> 00:42:38,279
Speaker 1: But most of the short term studies have found that

796
00:42:38,280 --> 00:42:41,319
Speaker 1: wearing fitness trackers only lead to a small boost and

797
00:42:41,320 --> 00:42:44,840
Speaker 1: physical activity, not nearly enough to lead to any improvements

798
00:42:44,840 --> 00:42:48,319
Speaker 1: in overall health. And what's worse, one study found that

799
00:42:48,320 --> 00:42:50,520
Speaker 1: when people were given the option of wearing a fitness

800
00:42:50,520 --> 00:42:53,120
Speaker 1: tracker or not, the people who chose to wear it

801
00:42:53,239 --> 00:42:56,120
Speaker 1: actually lost less weight than those who didn't know. It

802
00:42:56,200 --> 00:42:59,120
Speaker 1: was seven points seven pounds compared to the thirteen pounds

803
00:42:59,120 --> 00:43:01,880
Speaker 1: of those who went to cliss Which isn't exactly a

804
00:43:01,920 --> 00:43:05,000
Speaker 1: bringing endorsement, no, but it's not completely a lost cause.

805
00:43:05,040 --> 00:43:07,440
Speaker 1: I mean, keeping track of steps and calories can be

806
00:43:07,520 --> 00:43:10,439
Speaker 1: a useful motivator for some folks, provided they don't take

807
00:43:10,480 --> 00:43:13,719
Speaker 1: that success as an excuse to reward themselves with their

808
00:43:13,760 --> 00:43:17,600
Speaker 1: extra large pizza. Right, and uh, we've seen how that goes, right,

809
00:43:17,760 --> 00:43:20,840
Speaker 1: So fitness trackers can definitely be a helpful weapon in

810
00:43:20,880 --> 00:43:23,200
Speaker 1: the never ending battle of the bulge. But just like

811
00:43:23,280 --> 00:43:26,360
Speaker 1: exercise or dieting, they're no guarantee of weight loss on

812
00:43:26,400 --> 00:43:29,120
Speaker 1: their own. Well, I don't know about you will, but

813
00:43:29,239 --> 00:43:32,560
Speaker 1: I'll just talk about exercise has me feeling a little competitive.

814
00:43:32,800 --> 00:43:34,120
Speaker 1: Where do you say we go toe to toe in

815
00:43:34,160 --> 00:43:36,279
Speaker 1: the part time genius? All right, I'm ready when you

816
00:43:36,280 --> 00:43:50,439
Speaker 1: are a mango m Yeah, alright. So here's a tip

817
00:43:50,480 --> 00:43:54,440
Speaker 1: that comes straight from one of America's favorite fitness gurus, Barbie.

818
00:43:54,880 --> 00:43:57,880
Speaker 1: In slumber Party, Barbie came to your place with a

819
00:43:58,000 --> 00:44:00,560
Speaker 1: diet book in hand, and the only tip in it

820
00:44:01,080 --> 00:44:05,080
Speaker 1: don't eat terrible. Uh though, here's one that's even worse,

821
00:44:05,360 --> 00:44:08,680
Speaker 1: the tapeworm diet. Back in the early twentieth century, diet

822
00:44:08,719 --> 00:44:11,279
Speaker 1: pills filled with tapeworms were sold over the counter with

823
00:44:11,320 --> 00:44:13,680
Speaker 1: the promise that you could eat more and still lose weight.

824
00:44:14,160 --> 00:44:16,520
Speaker 1: And of course, when the baby tapeworms grew up to

825
00:44:16,560 --> 00:44:20,360
Speaker 1: be like these twenty five foot monstrosities and started causing

826
00:44:20,400 --> 00:44:23,680
Speaker 1: things like meningitis and dimension in their hosts, the government

827
00:44:23,719 --> 00:44:26,440
Speaker 1: decided that the weight loss through worms was overrated, and

828
00:44:26,480 --> 00:44:29,040
Speaker 1: they banned the pills. Diet coke might not be that

829
00:44:29,160 --> 00:44:31,760
Speaker 1: much better for you than regular coke, but it certainly

830
00:44:31,920 --> 00:44:34,800
Speaker 1: is lighter. While I can of coke will sink in water,

831
00:44:35,120 --> 00:44:37,920
Speaker 1: you know, kind of like a bulldog, diet coke actually

832
00:44:37,960 --> 00:44:41,520
Speaker 1: floats more like a hot dog. I'm glad you put

833
00:44:41,520 --> 00:44:44,879
Speaker 1: the dog and just really helps you understand what floating is.

834
00:44:46,120 --> 00:44:48,920
Speaker 1: My favorite exercise item from the seventies is the Sauna

835
00:44:49,000 --> 00:44:52,239
Speaker 1: exercise suit, which looks nothing like a suit. It's more

836
00:44:52,280 --> 00:44:56,520
Speaker 1: like a tinfoil marshmallow man contraption that promised to help

837
00:44:56,520 --> 00:44:59,000
Speaker 1: you shed pounds as you just went about your daily business.

838
00:45:00,200 --> 00:45:02,880
Speaker 1: Calvin Coolige's main exercise in the office was through an

839
00:45:02,960 --> 00:45:06,439
Speaker 1: electric horse, kind of like a mechanical bull. He'd write

840
00:45:06,440 --> 00:45:09,160
Speaker 1: it three times a day on various settings, from saunter

841
00:45:09,360 --> 00:45:12,719
Speaker 1: to gallop, but the regiment sounded so silly he kept

842
00:45:12,719 --> 00:45:14,920
Speaker 1: it a secret until it accidentally bucked him from the

843
00:45:14,960 --> 00:45:17,520
Speaker 1: saddle and had to be put down by an electrician.

844
00:45:18,800 --> 00:45:21,759
Speaker 1: So that's pretty good. But here's a great tip from

845
00:45:21,760 --> 00:45:24,760
Speaker 1: the seventeen hundreds, if you want to lose weight, stay

846
00:45:24,760 --> 00:45:29,440
Speaker 1: away from swamps. In seventy seven, a so called scientist

847
00:45:29,520 --> 00:45:32,400
Speaker 1: named Thomas Short observed that beast people seemed to live

848
00:45:32,480 --> 00:45:35,040
Speaker 1: near swamps, so it was important. Work on the matter,

849
00:45:35,480 --> 00:45:39,640
Speaker 1: titled The Causes and Effects of Corpulents naturally suggested there

850
00:45:39,719 --> 00:45:42,800
Speaker 1: was only one smart way to lose weight, move away

851
00:45:42,840 --> 00:45:45,560
Speaker 1: from swamps. Yeah, that swamped. It makes a whole lot

852
00:45:45,600 --> 00:45:47,560
Speaker 1: of sense. I think I gotta give you the title

853
00:45:47,600 --> 00:45:50,440
Speaker 1: on this when congratulations, Mango. I think that's it for

854
00:45:50,440 --> 00:45:52,800
Speaker 1: today's show. Thanks so much for listening, a mango, This

855
00:45:52,840 --> 00:45:54,560
Speaker 1: show got me inspired. Want to go for a run?

856
00:45:54,800 --> 00:46:11,239
Speaker 1: Absolutely not, Thanks again for listening. Part Time Genius is

857
00:46:11,239 --> 00:46:13,480
Speaker 1: a production of how stuff works and wouldn't be possible

858
00:46:13,520 --> 00:46:16,160
Speaker 1: without several brilliant people who do the important things we

859
00:46:16,160 --> 00:46:19,600
Speaker 1: couldn't even again to understand. Kristin McNeil does the editing thing.

860
00:46:19,840 --> 00:46:21,799
Speaker 1: Noel Brown made the theme song and does the mixy

861
00:46:21,880 --> 00:46:25,279
Speaker 1: mixy sound thing. Gary Rowland does the exact producer thing.

862
00:46:25,520 --> 00:46:27,920
Speaker 1: Gay Bluesier is our lead researcher, with support from the

863
00:46:27,960 --> 00:46:31,360
Speaker 1: Research Army including Austin Thompson, Nolan Brown and Lucas Adams

864
00:46:31,400 --> 00:46:33,280
Speaker 1: and Eve Jeff Cook gets the show to your ears.

865
00:46:33,360 --> 00:46:35,319
Speaker 1: Good job, Eves. If you like what you heard, we

866
00:46:35,360 --> 00:46:37,480
Speaker 1: hope you'll subscribe. And if you really really like what

867
00:46:37,520 --> 00:46:39,600
Speaker 1: you've heard, maybe you could leave a good review for us.

868
00:46:39,800 --> 00:46:41,960
Speaker 1: Do we do we forget Jason? Jason who