1 00:00:01,320 --> 00:00:04,240 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff You Missed in History Class, a production 2 00:00:04,400 --> 00:00:13,920 Speaker 1: of iHeartRadio. Hello, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Holly 3 00:00:13,960 --> 00:00:18,600 Speaker 1: Frye and I'm Tracy V. Wilson. Sometimes there's a historical 4 00:00:18,800 --> 00:00:21,400 Speaker 1: topic that keeps coming to the forefront in my day 5 00:00:21,440 --> 00:00:23,800 Speaker 1: to day life. I just happens to you as well, 6 00:00:23,880 --> 00:00:26,920 Speaker 1: until finally I'm like, fine, I will do it. And 7 00:00:26,960 --> 00:00:29,040 Speaker 1: this is one of those. But it's also delightful, So 8 00:00:29,080 --> 00:00:31,760 Speaker 1: it's more like one of those, Oh, I won't do that. 9 00:00:31,960 --> 00:00:33,879 Speaker 1: I'll save that for a time when I need a 10 00:00:33,920 --> 00:00:37,400 Speaker 1: self indulgent episode. But this is a combination of the two. 11 00:00:37,440 --> 00:00:39,879 Speaker 1: It's both self indulgent and it keeps flagging in my 12 00:00:39,960 --> 00:00:42,720 Speaker 1: life and coming up in various times. So it's time. 13 00:00:43,479 --> 00:00:46,720 Speaker 1: I actually mentioned Ada Coleman on the show recently, I think, 14 00:00:47,560 --> 00:00:49,960 Speaker 1: and she came up on a recent episode of Criminalia, 15 00:00:50,000 --> 00:00:52,040 Speaker 1: and her story has kind of stayed on my mind. 16 00:00:52,760 --> 00:00:57,240 Speaker 1: Even though it's really pretty piecemeal, we don't have a 17 00:00:57,480 --> 00:01:01,160 Speaker 1: wide range of biographical detail, but it also offers a 18 00:01:01,160 --> 00:01:05,280 Speaker 1: pretty unique glimpse into bar culture, luxury hospitality, and the 19 00:01:05,360 --> 00:01:09,800 Speaker 1: roles of women in the early twentieth century. Ada was 20 00:01:09,959 --> 00:01:14,679 Speaker 1: a head bartender, although women were generally called bar maids 21 00:01:14,760 --> 00:01:18,160 Speaker 1: at the time. That connotation of use that comes with 22 00:01:18,200 --> 00:01:20,720 Speaker 1: that is important, and we'll talk about why as we 23 00:01:20,800 --> 00:01:24,200 Speaker 1: get into some details later. And she had that title 24 00:01:24,240 --> 00:01:27,040 Speaker 1: at the American Bar at the Savoy Hotel in London. 25 00:01:27,880 --> 00:01:31,080 Speaker 1: She created a cocktail that is still served today both 26 00:01:31,120 --> 00:01:33,720 Speaker 1: at the Savoy and elsewhere, and she's kind of considered 27 00:01:33,760 --> 00:01:38,200 Speaker 1: an enduring icon of the bartending industry. Ada Coleman was 28 00:01:38,240 --> 00:01:43,480 Speaker 1: born in or around eighteen seventy five. That makes it 29 00:01:43,520 --> 00:01:46,280 Speaker 1: clear her exact birthday we don't know, and we also 30 00:01:46,480 --> 00:01:51,640 Speaker 1: really don't have any information about her formative years. According 31 00:01:51,640 --> 00:01:55,160 Speaker 1: to the common story of Ada's early life and introduction 32 00:01:55,240 --> 00:01:58,720 Speaker 1: into the hospitality world, her father worked for a man 33 00:01:58,920 --> 00:02:03,080 Speaker 1: named Rupert Doyle Kart as a steward in his golf club. 34 00:02:03,920 --> 00:02:06,080 Speaker 1: A steward in this case is kind of like a 35 00:02:06,080 --> 00:02:10,000 Speaker 1: bar manager. That's the person making sure everything stays stocked 36 00:02:10,320 --> 00:02:14,680 Speaker 1: and there are fresh ingredients on hand for any perishable things, 37 00:02:14,720 --> 00:02:17,760 Speaker 1: and receipts are accounted for at the end of the day. 38 00:02:17,880 --> 00:02:21,480 Speaker 1: All of that. Rupert Doiley Cart was the son of 39 00:02:21,800 --> 00:02:26,679 Speaker 1: Richard doily Cart, who had founded the doaly Cart Opera company. 40 00:02:27,400 --> 00:02:30,600 Speaker 1: That company was known for its policy of only producing 41 00:02:30,720 --> 00:02:35,440 Speaker 1: Gilbert and Sullivan shows. The Savoy Theater was purpose built 42 00:02:35,600 --> 00:02:40,160 Speaker 1: to produce the theater duo's shows and to accommodate the 43 00:02:40,200 --> 00:02:44,000 Speaker 1: many theatergoers who flocked to London to see those shows. 44 00:02:44,040 --> 00:02:47,519 Speaker 1: He also built the Savoy Hotel next door in eighteen 45 00:02:47,560 --> 00:02:51,800 Speaker 1: eighty nine. The Savoy Hotel was a very modern construction 46 00:02:51,960 --> 00:02:55,920 Speaker 1: project that was entirely electric. There was an elevator, it 47 00:02:55,960 --> 00:02:59,320 Speaker 1: had hot and cold running water, and every room had 48 00:02:59,360 --> 00:03:02,080 Speaker 1: a speaking tube so that guests a good call for 49 00:03:02,160 --> 00:03:06,640 Speaker 1: anything they might need or want. Richard's son Rupert, took 50 00:03:06,680 --> 00:03:11,240 Speaker 1: over all of those businesses, and when AIDA's father died 51 00:03:11,360 --> 00:03:15,280 Speaker 1: in eighteen ninety nine, Ada went to work. She was 52 00:03:15,320 --> 00:03:18,440 Speaker 1: offered a job in the flower shop at Claradge's Hotel, 53 00:03:18,520 --> 00:03:21,799 Speaker 1: which was also owned by Doyley Cart. This is often 54 00:03:21,880 --> 00:03:24,320 Speaker 1: framed as like a favor he did because he really 55 00:03:24,400 --> 00:03:27,760 Speaker 1: liked her father and the family. According to an interview 56 00:03:27,800 --> 00:03:30,120 Speaker 1: she gave later in her life, she made her first 57 00:03:30,160 --> 00:03:34,480 Speaker 1: cocktail at Clarages that was a Manhattan She was coached 58 00:03:34,480 --> 00:03:36,680 Speaker 1: in the making of that drink by the wine butler there, 59 00:03:36,720 --> 00:03:39,360 Speaker 1: whose name was Fisher, and who is the person who 60 00:03:39,400 --> 00:03:42,840 Speaker 1: taught her about bartending, and she got on quickly, and 61 00:03:42,960 --> 00:03:45,640 Speaker 1: soon she was moved from her position in the flower 62 00:03:45,680 --> 00:03:49,240 Speaker 1: shop to a position in the hotel bar. She was 63 00:03:49,280 --> 00:03:52,000 Speaker 1: reportedly twenty four at the time, and as we'll discuss 64 00:03:52,040 --> 00:03:54,400 Speaker 1: in a moment, twenty four would be the point where 65 00:03:54,440 --> 00:03:57,360 Speaker 1: a lot of women were aging out of bar made jobs, 66 00:03:57,520 --> 00:04:01,480 Speaker 1: but Aida was just getting started. She was the exact 67 00:04:01,560 --> 00:04:05,200 Speaker 1: right mix of friendly and naturally good at making drinks 68 00:04:05,520 --> 00:04:09,160 Speaker 1: to quickly become a favorite of both management and patrons. 69 00:04:10,440 --> 00:04:14,800 Speaker 1: Frank Wells had been head bartender at the Savoy Hotel's 70 00:04:14,880 --> 00:04:19,800 Speaker 1: popular American Bar since its opening. When he retired, Ada 71 00:04:19,920 --> 00:04:23,880 Speaker 1: was moved into that position. The American Bar was and 72 00:04:23,960 --> 00:04:27,520 Speaker 1: still is an institution. It was opened in eighteen ninety 73 00:04:27,520 --> 00:04:31,200 Speaker 1: three and has hosted a long list of famous patrons 74 00:04:31,279 --> 00:04:34,240 Speaker 1: over more than one hundred and thirty years that it's 75 00:04:34,279 --> 00:04:37,760 Speaker 1: been in service. It's touted by The Savoy as the 76 00:04:37,880 --> 00:04:42,880 Speaker 1: longest surviving cocktail bar in London. It's considered one of 77 00:04:42,960 --> 00:04:46,640 Speaker 1: the best bars in the world. The name American Bar 78 00:04:46,800 --> 00:04:49,600 Speaker 1: refers to drinks served in what was called in the 79 00:04:49,680 --> 00:04:54,279 Speaker 1: late nineteenth century American style. That just means cocktails or 80 00:04:54,360 --> 00:04:58,160 Speaker 1: mixed drinks, even though that was probably not the invention 81 00:04:58,240 --> 00:05:01,680 Speaker 1: of the United States. There were a lot of American 82 00:05:01,760 --> 00:05:04,920 Speaker 1: bars popping up in Europe in the late eighteen hundreds, 83 00:05:05,000 --> 00:05:09,080 Speaker 1: but none of them attained the popularity or legendary status 84 00:05:09,120 --> 00:05:13,280 Speaker 1: of the Savoys bar and Aida is sometimes credited for 85 00:05:13,440 --> 00:05:16,800 Speaker 1: really putting it on the map and to get a 86 00:05:16,880 --> 00:05:19,760 Speaker 1: sense of what the bar scene was like regarding women 87 00:05:19,880 --> 00:05:23,560 Speaker 1: employees when Aida was promoted to the American bar head 88 00:05:23,600 --> 00:05:27,920 Speaker 1: bartender position. We have a nineteen oh five publication prepared 89 00:05:27,920 --> 00:05:30,760 Speaker 1: by the Joint Committee on the Employment of Bar Maids. 90 00:05:31,680 --> 00:05:34,200 Speaker 1: They made a whole committee for it, and that publication 91 00:05:34,360 --> 00:05:38,240 Speaker 1: is titled Women as bar Maids. This was a document 92 00:05:38,320 --> 00:05:41,320 Speaker 1: prepared to support a case to ban women from working 93 00:05:41,400 --> 00:05:44,000 Speaker 1: in bars at a time when a lot of women 94 00:05:44,080 --> 00:05:47,960 Speaker 1: did so. Some estimates suggest that half of all bar 95 00:05:48,080 --> 00:05:51,679 Speaker 1: staff in England at this time were women. You'll also 96 00:05:51,760 --> 00:05:54,719 Speaker 1: sometimes see this as like they pull in a quote 97 00:05:54,760 --> 00:05:57,480 Speaker 1: or a statistic from the US at the time, where 98 00:05:57,480 --> 00:06:01,440 Speaker 1: it's much more lopsided. But in England it was very 99 00:06:01,480 --> 00:06:06,479 Speaker 1: common for women to work in bars. Specifically, the introduction 100 00:06:06,600 --> 00:06:08,840 Speaker 1: to this document, which was written by the Lord Bishop 101 00:06:08,839 --> 00:06:12,880 Speaker 1: of Southwark, is very open about its message that alcohol 102 00:06:12,960 --> 00:06:17,279 Speaker 1: plus women equals moral depravity, and includes this commentary on 103 00:06:17,400 --> 00:06:21,159 Speaker 1: how women should be treated quote we ought, I think, 104 00:06:21,200 --> 00:06:23,799 Speaker 1: to keep them free from the stress of what drives 105 00:06:23,839 --> 00:06:27,680 Speaker 1: them towards a life so unsuited for women. In the 106 00:06:27,720 --> 00:06:30,080 Speaker 1: case of those who read what is here said about 107 00:06:30,080 --> 00:06:33,000 Speaker 1: the use of young women as an instrument of bringing 108 00:06:33,000 --> 00:06:36,440 Speaker 1: in business, about the kind of women desired, I shall 109 00:06:36,480 --> 00:06:39,000 Speaker 1: be surprised if they do not feel that the practice 110 00:06:39,000 --> 00:06:42,480 Speaker 1: of so employing some of our brightest girls is lowering 111 00:06:42,560 --> 00:06:45,599 Speaker 1: to the whole moral tone of the community with regard 112 00:06:45,680 --> 00:06:50,359 Speaker 1: to women. But though the Lord Bishop states repeatedly that 113 00:06:50,480 --> 00:06:53,640 Speaker 1: public morale is at risk when women work in bars, 114 00:06:53,960 --> 00:06:57,200 Speaker 1: he concludes by saying quote, I need not point out 115 00:06:57,240 --> 00:07:00,440 Speaker 1: that there is no intention to suggest that with withdrawal 116 00:07:00,520 --> 00:07:03,280 Speaker 1: of work from any who are already engaged upon it, 117 00:07:03,960 --> 00:07:07,160 Speaker 1: So theoretically at this point Ada would have been able 118 00:07:07,200 --> 00:07:10,240 Speaker 1: to retain her job. There is also a note at 119 00:07:10,280 --> 00:07:13,160 Speaker 1: the beginning of this published report that states, quote, this 120 00:07:13,200 --> 00:07:17,720 Speaker 1: book makes no charges against publicans generally, and most certainly 121 00:07:17,800 --> 00:07:22,280 Speaker 1: not against barmaids, many of whom remained firm against all 122 00:07:22,320 --> 00:07:26,400 Speaker 1: temptations and dangers. The rest of the report goes on 123 00:07:26,440 --> 00:07:30,200 Speaker 1: to talk about the distribution of barmaids throughout Great Britain 124 00:07:30,360 --> 00:07:34,200 Speaker 1: and Ireland, noting that in some areas bar maids are 125 00:07:34,240 --> 00:07:37,800 Speaker 1: never hired, while in others, and most definitely in London, 126 00:07:37,960 --> 00:07:42,080 Speaker 1: it's very common. But even so, at a time when 127 00:07:42,120 --> 00:07:45,600 Speaker 1: a total of four million, one hundred seventy one thousand, 128 00:07:45,760 --> 00:07:49,440 Speaker 1: seven hundred and fifty one women and girls were working 129 00:07:49,480 --> 00:07:52,840 Speaker 1: in Britain and Ireland, only seventy eight, eight hundred and 130 00:07:52,880 --> 00:07:55,920 Speaker 1: thirty four of them were working in what we would 131 00:07:55,920 --> 00:08:01,040 Speaker 1: now call the hospitality industry, which in the report includes 132 00:08:01,160 --> 00:08:07,160 Speaker 1: quote inn hotel keepers, publicans, beer sellers, cider dealers, seller women, 133 00:08:07,440 --> 00:08:12,960 Speaker 1: barmaids and others in in hotel, eating, house service. Barmaids 134 00:08:13,000 --> 00:08:15,640 Speaker 1: made up twenty seven thousand, seven hundred and seven of 135 00:08:15,680 --> 00:08:19,480 Speaker 1: these positions per the nineteen oh one census. The report 136 00:08:19,560 --> 00:08:23,440 Speaker 1: notes that barmaids averaged twelve shillings a week in pay, 137 00:08:24,000 --> 00:08:26,640 Speaker 1: with the low end being five and the high end 138 00:08:26,760 --> 00:08:30,960 Speaker 1: being fifteen, and that most positions included board and lodging 139 00:08:31,040 --> 00:08:35,160 Speaker 1: as well. While this was only slightly lower pay than 140 00:08:35,280 --> 00:08:39,400 Speaker 1: men in similar jobs, the barmaids were not protected by 141 00:08:39,440 --> 00:08:43,080 Speaker 1: any labor laws, they could be let go for any reason, 142 00:08:43,240 --> 00:08:45,720 Speaker 1: and they were often made to pay for any loss 143 00:08:45,760 --> 00:08:49,800 Speaker 1: through breakage from their salary quote, even if caused by 144 00:08:49,800 --> 00:08:53,160 Speaker 1: the customer. This was also a job field that the 145 00:08:53,240 --> 00:08:57,560 Speaker 1: report described as overcrowded, with many women moving into service 146 00:08:57,640 --> 00:08:59,960 Speaker 1: jobs from domestic work thinking that it would be more 147 00:09:00,080 --> 00:09:03,200 Speaker 1: or interesting, only to find that it is often far 148 00:09:03,240 --> 00:09:07,240 Speaker 1: more strenuous. Two thirds of the people working bar maid 149 00:09:07,360 --> 00:09:10,720 Speaker 1: jobs were between the ages of fifteen and twenty five. 150 00:09:11,679 --> 00:09:14,280 Speaker 1: The report quotes a trade magazine of the time in 151 00:09:14,400 --> 00:09:18,040 Speaker 1: noting that as women age, they cannot compete for these jobs, 152 00:09:18,040 --> 00:09:21,240 Speaker 1: with younger women quote in the bar maids calling the 153 00:09:21,360 --> 00:09:25,880 Speaker 1: old have no chance against the young. On the proprietor side, 154 00:09:26,000 --> 00:09:30,360 Speaker 1: hiring women into bar positions had two clear benefits. One 155 00:09:30,679 --> 00:09:34,079 Speaker 1: it attracted more men as patrons, and two having women 156 00:09:34,200 --> 00:09:39,000 Speaker 1: as employees made bars appear more respectable to other women, 157 00:09:39,760 --> 00:09:43,319 Speaker 1: who then would be more comfortable selecting those establishments over 158 00:09:43,400 --> 00:09:46,680 Speaker 1: ones where only men worked. But because there were not 159 00:09:46,800 --> 00:09:51,000 Speaker 1: regulations for the hospitality industry on the hours that a 160 00:09:51,040 --> 00:09:54,120 Speaker 1: woman could be required to work in the early twentieth century, 161 00:09:54,600 --> 00:09:58,360 Speaker 1: there was also the benefit of scheduling them for ridiculously 162 00:09:58,520 --> 00:10:02,920 Speaker 1: long shifts. Some establishments were open as many as one 163 00:10:03,000 --> 00:10:05,880 Speaker 1: hundred and twenty three and a half hours per week, 164 00:10:06,000 --> 00:10:09,240 Speaker 1: and sometimes bar maids were expected to be on duty 165 00:10:09,280 --> 00:10:12,640 Speaker 1: from opening to closing, so they could work nineteen hour 166 00:10:12,760 --> 00:10:16,440 Speaker 1: days in some cases. The report cites the account of 167 00:10:16,480 --> 00:10:19,720 Speaker 1: several women who worked as barmaids, and one who noted 168 00:10:19,720 --> 00:10:23,160 Speaker 1: that she is quote one of the lucky sort who 169 00:10:23,240 --> 00:10:26,320 Speaker 1: worked at ten am to twelve thirty am shift, with 170 00:10:26,400 --> 00:10:28,560 Speaker 1: a total of two hours off throughout the day for 171 00:10:28,679 --> 00:10:32,040 Speaker 1: rest and meals. This write up then notes, quote this 172 00:10:32,240 --> 00:10:35,720 Speaker 1: great length of hours necessitated by the conditions of the 173 00:10:35,800 --> 00:10:39,600 Speaker 1: licensed victualler's trade, from a physical point of view, renders 174 00:10:39,640 --> 00:10:44,520 Speaker 1: the calling unsuited for women. Prolonged standing injures a woman 175 00:10:44,640 --> 00:10:47,200 Speaker 1: in a way it does not a man, and tends 176 00:10:47,240 --> 00:10:51,679 Speaker 1: to incapacitate her for the normal woman's life. There are 177 00:10:51,679 --> 00:10:55,080 Speaker 1: also testimonials by doctors noting that working in a bar 178 00:10:55,200 --> 00:10:59,559 Speaker 1: is terrible for women's health. Some of these are definitely 179 00:10:59,559 --> 00:11:02,440 Speaker 1: from the valid point of view that, for example, preteen 180 00:11:02,559 --> 00:11:05,240 Speaker 1: girls should not be working as bar maids, but of 181 00:11:05,240 --> 00:11:07,760 Speaker 1: course no one that young should be working. But the 182 00:11:07,800 --> 00:11:11,120 Speaker 1: same thing is not stated regarding boys who work in bars. 183 00:11:12,040 --> 00:11:14,360 Speaker 1: Some of this is because bar maids are, as the 184 00:11:14,440 --> 00:11:18,360 Speaker 1: report calls them, sirens who attract men to drink, so 185 00:11:18,480 --> 00:11:20,960 Speaker 1: there is a moral issue there as perceived by the 186 00:11:21,000 --> 00:11:24,160 Speaker 1: social mores of the early nineteen hundreds, that is not 187 00:11:24,360 --> 00:11:28,040 Speaker 1: as much of a consideration for boys. It's interesting that 188 00:11:28,280 --> 00:11:30,640 Speaker 1: all of this is leading to a case of removing 189 00:11:30,679 --> 00:11:34,160 Speaker 1: women from the trade rather than enacting labor laws to 190 00:11:34,280 --> 00:11:38,400 Speaker 1: protect them, particularly when there are other industries like cotton 191 00:11:38,440 --> 00:11:42,359 Speaker 1: factories that are noted in the report as having employee 192 00:11:42,400 --> 00:11:46,840 Speaker 1: hours that are regulated by law. Will continue talking about 193 00:11:46,880 --> 00:11:49,839 Speaker 1: the contents of the Committee's published report on the state 194 00:11:49,880 --> 00:11:53,160 Speaker 1: of barmaids in the early nineteen hundreds, including some rather 195 00:11:53,320 --> 00:11:56,840 Speaker 1: dark aspects of the job, but first we will pause 196 00:11:56,920 --> 00:12:09,880 Speaker 1: for a sponsor break the women as Barmaid's Report, prepared 197 00:12:09,880 --> 00:12:13,439 Speaker 1: by the Joint Committee on the Employment of Barmaids also 198 00:12:13,559 --> 00:12:16,160 Speaker 1: makes the case that women are more likely to develop 199 00:12:16,200 --> 00:12:20,280 Speaker 1: dependencies on alcohol and stimulants in such jobs, and that 200 00:12:20,400 --> 00:12:22,920 Speaker 1: in general they will become a moral due to the 201 00:12:23,000 --> 00:12:26,160 Speaker 1: constant exposure to men who are likely to speak and 202 00:12:26,240 --> 00:12:29,880 Speaker 1: behave immoraly with them in ways they would not normally 203 00:12:29,960 --> 00:12:33,640 Speaker 1: with a woman. That isn't really news to anyone who's 204 00:12:33,640 --> 00:12:36,439 Speaker 1: ever been in a bar. And there are statements included 205 00:12:36,480 --> 00:12:40,160 Speaker 1: from women who worked in the field, one of whom stated, quote, 206 00:12:40,760 --> 00:12:43,440 Speaker 1: many and many a time have I cried myself to 207 00:12:43,480 --> 00:12:46,040 Speaker 1: sleep after I have been laughing and joking all the 208 00:12:46,080 --> 00:12:48,679 Speaker 1: evening because of the things we have to put up 209 00:12:48,679 --> 00:12:51,679 Speaker 1: with in the bar. I don't consider it as a 210 00:12:51,720 --> 00:12:55,360 Speaker 1: proper occupation for a woman. Any cad who can pay 211 00:12:55,400 --> 00:12:58,120 Speaker 1: two pence for a drink thinks he is entitled to 212 00:12:58,160 --> 00:13:01,760 Speaker 1: say what he likes to the bar maid. Often women 213 00:13:01,840 --> 00:13:05,679 Speaker 1: also faced physical violence from their customers, particularly when they 214 00:13:05,679 --> 00:13:09,640 Speaker 1: were intoxicated, but this was not only a problem with patrons. 215 00:13:10,080 --> 00:13:12,520 Speaker 1: There are a lot of accounts in this publication of 216 00:13:12,559 --> 00:13:17,920 Speaker 1: women being assaulted or pressured into sexual relationships with their employers. 217 00:13:18,360 --> 00:13:21,360 Speaker 1: While the study of barmaids notes that many women in 218 00:13:21,400 --> 00:13:24,320 Speaker 1: the business end up married to patrons and often to 219 00:13:24,559 --> 00:13:28,480 Speaker 1: quote men above themselves in station, it also said that 220 00:13:28,520 --> 00:13:31,160 Speaker 1: women who did not get married by thirty five while 221 00:13:31,200 --> 00:13:35,719 Speaker 1: working in bars were doomed to quote a gloomy prospect 222 00:13:36,400 --> 00:13:41,080 Speaker 1: for some very sad statistics of deaths, including murders and suicides. 223 00:13:42,200 --> 00:13:45,800 Speaker 1: The solution to phasing out women working as barmaids. Per 224 00:13:45,880 --> 00:13:49,920 Speaker 1: the committee's recommendation was this quote. The form which it 225 00:13:50,000 --> 00:13:52,840 Speaker 1: is proposed that legislation should take is that on a 226 00:13:52,880 --> 00:13:56,880 Speaker 1: certain date all barmaids then in employee should receive a 227 00:13:56,920 --> 00:14:01,280 Speaker 1: certificate stating this fact and provided with means of identification, 228 00:14:01,960 --> 00:14:04,760 Speaker 1: and that it should thenceforth be illegal for publicans to 229 00:14:04,880 --> 00:14:09,680 Speaker 1: engage as barmaid any woman but one so certificated. That 230 00:14:09,840 --> 00:14:12,760 Speaker 1: is how they put it. The calling would thus come 231 00:14:12,840 --> 00:14:16,440 Speaker 1: automatically to an end in a few years. This law 232 00:14:16,480 --> 00:14:19,960 Speaker 1: would not prevent Republicans employing his own wife or daughter 233 00:14:20,080 --> 00:14:22,680 Speaker 1: to serve in his bar, nor would it prevent a 234 00:14:22,720 --> 00:14:27,960 Speaker 1: certificated barmaid from entering on a fresh situation whenever she pleased. 235 00:14:28,880 --> 00:14:32,680 Speaker 1: There are also additional recommendations that families that would not 236 00:14:32,800 --> 00:14:35,480 Speaker 1: be able to ensure a financial future for their daughters 237 00:14:35,920 --> 00:14:37,800 Speaker 1: should just start to make sure they train them for 238 00:14:37,840 --> 00:14:43,479 Speaker 1: a trade. There is also the recommendation to women's emigration societies, 239 00:14:43,520 --> 00:14:45,720 Speaker 1: which is how they put it, that the lack of 240 00:14:45,800 --> 00:14:48,520 Speaker 1: jobs for women in England could be addressed if young 241 00:14:48,560 --> 00:14:51,760 Speaker 1: women would move to Canada or the various British colonies 242 00:14:52,080 --> 00:14:57,040 Speaker 1: that needed teachers and governesses, and somehow in this social 243 00:14:57,080 --> 00:15:01,280 Speaker 1: and cultural environment that was in many ways so antagonistic 244 00:15:01,360 --> 00:15:05,760 Speaker 1: toward women, working behind a bar, Ada Coleman, who patrons 245 00:15:05,800 --> 00:15:09,360 Speaker 1: called Kohli, really thrived to be clear. She was working 246 00:15:09,440 --> 00:15:12,360 Speaker 1: in the fanciest bars in the city of London, not 247 00:15:12,440 --> 00:15:14,800 Speaker 1: in a tavern or an inn that was likely to 248 00:15:14,840 --> 00:15:18,880 Speaker 1: have a rougher clientele and ownership. But she was still 249 00:15:18,880 --> 00:15:22,240 Speaker 1: an outlier. Although she wasn't the only woman working at 250 00:15:22,240 --> 00:15:26,520 Speaker 1: the American Bar, Another woman named Ruth Burgess was also 251 00:15:26,680 --> 00:15:31,360 Speaker 1: a barmaid there. Uh. You might think these two would 252 00:15:31,480 --> 00:15:35,160 Speaker 1: become allies in an industry that was so stacked against women, 253 00:15:35,440 --> 00:15:37,840 Speaker 1: and that does not appear to have been the case. 254 00:15:38,120 --> 00:15:41,080 Speaker 1: We will talk about why in just a moment. The 255 00:15:41,200 --> 00:15:44,440 Speaker 1: nature of the Savoy and its bar, tightly tied to 256 00:15:44,480 --> 00:15:47,560 Speaker 1: the theater world, was also a perfect fit for Ada. 257 00:15:48,320 --> 00:15:50,640 Speaker 1: She was a fan of theater, and she loved to 258 00:15:50,640 --> 00:15:53,920 Speaker 1: spend time with the performers and the creatives who put 259 00:15:53,960 --> 00:15:57,600 Speaker 1: together shows for the Savoy Theater, often inviting them to 260 00:15:57,680 --> 00:16:01,960 Speaker 1: her home forget togethers. Her favorite bar regulars were also 261 00:16:02,160 --> 00:16:05,160 Speaker 1: invited if they were lucky, and she was reportedly a 262 00:16:05,200 --> 00:16:09,720 Speaker 1: fantastic hostess. She was also very comfortable and at ease 263 00:16:09,840 --> 00:16:12,800 Speaker 1: with celebrities of all kinds, so she was able to 264 00:16:12,840 --> 00:16:16,880 Speaker 1: banter with them and cater service to their personalities. In 265 00:16:16,960 --> 00:16:20,120 Speaker 1: her time as the Savoys head bartender, she served royalty, 266 00:16:20,680 --> 00:16:24,320 Speaker 1: millionaires and the most celebrated authors of the day, including 267 00:16:24,360 --> 00:16:28,520 Speaker 1: Mark Twain. Her bubbly personality and her skill with a 268 00:16:28,560 --> 00:16:31,440 Speaker 1: shaker made her something of a celebrity in her own 269 00:16:31,600 --> 00:16:34,960 Speaker 1: right for the wealthy and famous. If you were in London, 270 00:16:35,240 --> 00:16:38,200 Speaker 1: you had to have Coali make you a drink, and 271 00:16:38,240 --> 00:16:41,520 Speaker 1: she became the favorite bartender of people like Charlie Chaplin 272 00:16:41,640 --> 00:16:45,000 Speaker 1: and the Prince of Wales. In short, Coley was the 273 00:16:45,120 --> 00:16:49,400 Speaker 1: it bartender of London. Being head bartender also meant she 274 00:16:49,480 --> 00:16:53,320 Speaker 1: was managing the bar's various business and logistics needs. She 275 00:16:53,480 --> 00:16:56,400 Speaker 1: was the person who developed the menu, who managed the 276 00:16:56,400 --> 00:16:59,280 Speaker 1: other bartenders, and who made sure that all the bars 277 00:16:59,400 --> 00:17:03,240 Speaker 1: guests were taken care of, while also mixing drinks more 278 00:17:03,320 --> 00:17:07,200 Speaker 1: or less constantly. When the US passed its prohibition law, 279 00:17:07,359 --> 00:17:11,120 Speaker 1: a correspondent for the periodical The Mixer and Server got 280 00:17:11,160 --> 00:17:14,439 Speaker 1: Colly's take on prohibition after speaking to her about a 281 00:17:14,480 --> 00:17:19,159 Speaker 1: bartender who said that he professionally served alcohol but personally 282 00:17:19,200 --> 00:17:23,280 Speaker 1: believed that no one should drink. She responded, quote, I 283 00:17:23,320 --> 00:17:25,960 Speaker 1: don't agree with him at all. If you are looking 284 00:17:26,000 --> 00:17:28,359 Speaker 1: for a temperance, sermon, young man, you will have to 285 00:17:28,400 --> 00:17:31,560 Speaker 1: move on. Famous men from all over the world have 286 00:17:31,680 --> 00:17:33,879 Speaker 1: been in this bar in my time, and I have 287 00:17:33,960 --> 00:17:36,680 Speaker 1: seen them go out and become more famous than ever. 288 00:17:37,320 --> 00:17:39,960 Speaker 1: When Mark Twain came over from your America to get 289 00:17:39,960 --> 00:17:43,920 Speaker 1: a degree from Oxford University, I served him a cocktail here. 290 00:17:44,800 --> 00:17:47,160 Speaker 1: Did not brave young men of the war days come 291 00:17:47,200 --> 00:17:49,560 Speaker 1: here to have a last drink together and tell each 292 00:17:49,600 --> 00:17:53,520 Speaker 1: other goodbye. She also told the writer that England would 293 00:17:53,520 --> 00:17:56,560 Speaker 1: never pass prohibition laws because of what she called the 294 00:17:56,640 --> 00:17:59,800 Speaker 1: four l's, the lords, the Landlords, the ladies, and the 295 00:17:59,840 --> 00:18:06,680 Speaker 1: lad One of Coley's most noteworthy professional achievements, at least 296 00:18:06,720 --> 00:18:10,520 Speaker 1: in terms of historical longevity, was the creation of a 297 00:18:10,560 --> 00:18:14,880 Speaker 1: cocktail called the Hanky Panky. The story behind it involves 298 00:18:14,920 --> 00:18:18,760 Speaker 1: one of her regulars, renowned comedy actor and director, Sir 299 00:18:18,880 --> 00:18:24,760 Speaker 1: Charles Henry Hawtrey. Just for disambiguation, he shares the same 300 00:18:24,920 --> 00:18:28,720 Speaker 1: name with another English actor. The one we are talking 301 00:18:28,760 --> 00:18:31,760 Speaker 1: about today was born in eighteen fifty eight and the 302 00:18:31,920 --> 00:18:35,120 Speaker 1: other was born in nineteen fourteen. They were not related. 303 00:18:36,119 --> 00:18:39,639 Speaker 1: Our Charles Hawtrey often worked with Gilbert and Sullivan, so 304 00:18:39,760 --> 00:18:44,120 Speaker 1: he was tied into the Savoy ecosystem. Here is how 305 00:18:44,160 --> 00:18:47,679 Speaker 1: Ada Coleman described the drinks genesis in an interview that 306 00:18:47,760 --> 00:18:51,520 Speaker 1: she gave several years later. Quote, the late Charles Hawtrey 307 00:18:51,960 --> 00:18:54,080 Speaker 1: was one of the best judges of cocktails that I 308 00:18:54,160 --> 00:18:57,920 Speaker 1: knew some years ago. When he was overworking, he used 309 00:18:57,920 --> 00:19:00,840 Speaker 1: to come into the bar and say, Coley, I am tired, 310 00:19:01,200 --> 00:19:03,720 Speaker 1: give me something with a bit of punch in it. 311 00:19:03,720 --> 00:19:07,200 Speaker 1: It was for him that I spent hours experimenting until 312 00:19:07,240 --> 00:19:10,479 Speaker 1: I had invented a new cocktail. The next time he 313 00:19:10,520 --> 00:19:12,680 Speaker 1: came in, I told him I had a new drink 314 00:19:12,720 --> 00:19:15,960 Speaker 1: for him. He sipped it and draining the glass, he said, 315 00:19:16,000 --> 00:19:19,600 Speaker 1: by jove, that is the real hanky panky and hanky panky, 316 00:19:19,680 --> 00:19:24,120 Speaker 1: and has been called ever since. The hanky panky, incidentally, 317 00:19:24,400 --> 00:19:27,320 Speaker 1: is a very spirit forward drink. It consists of equal 318 00:19:27,320 --> 00:19:30,200 Speaker 1: parts gin and sweet vermouth with a couple of dashes 319 00:19:30,240 --> 00:19:33,680 Speaker 1: of for nebronca. And the term hanky panky was more 320 00:19:33,680 --> 00:19:37,200 Speaker 1: of a reference to witchcraft and alchemy in England than 321 00:19:37,240 --> 00:19:40,840 Speaker 1: the suggestion of sexual activity that that phrase connotes today 322 00:19:40,880 --> 00:19:43,960 Speaker 1: in the US. In a moment, we will talk about 323 00:19:43,960 --> 00:19:48,360 Speaker 1: the end of Ada's bartending career and some debate about it. 324 00:19:48,840 --> 00:19:51,520 Speaker 1: First we will hear from the sponsors that keep the 325 00:19:51,520 --> 00:20:04,399 Speaker 1: show going. Ada's retirement from the bar is one of 326 00:20:04,440 --> 00:20:08,000 Speaker 1: those things that is told differently by different people, but 327 00:20:08,160 --> 00:20:12,720 Speaker 1: every story involves Harry Cradock. Cradock, who wrote the Savoid 328 00:20:12,720 --> 00:20:15,199 Speaker 1: Cocktail Book in nineteen thirty that is a book we 329 00:20:15,240 --> 00:20:18,720 Speaker 1: have mentioned on this show, is sometimes described as an American, 330 00:20:19,040 --> 00:20:22,440 Speaker 1: but he was born in Stroud, England. He did move 331 00:20:22,480 --> 00:20:24,879 Speaker 1: to the US and become a US citizen in his 332 00:20:24,960 --> 00:20:28,439 Speaker 1: early years, though, and in the US he also became 333 00:20:28,560 --> 00:20:32,000 Speaker 1: a bartender, and he did really well as a bartender 334 00:20:32,840 --> 00:20:35,719 Speaker 1: until prohibition shut down all of the places he had 335 00:20:35,720 --> 00:20:38,800 Speaker 1: ever worked. So at that point he moved back to England, 336 00:20:38,880 --> 00:20:41,760 Speaker 1: where as Ada had said, the four Els made sure 337 00:20:41,800 --> 00:20:45,800 Speaker 1: alcohol stayed legal, and he got hired at American Bar. 338 00:20:47,080 --> 00:20:51,640 Speaker 1: There is some debate around Craddock's relationship with Ada at 339 00:20:51,640 --> 00:20:55,639 Speaker 1: the American Bar, and that involves like a lot of speculation. 340 00:20:56,480 --> 00:20:59,600 Speaker 1: Some accounts note that he worked at American Bar for 341 00:20:59,720 --> 00:21:03,400 Speaker 1: five years, while Ada was head bartender, but it does 342 00:21:03,440 --> 00:21:06,359 Speaker 1: seem as though he may have really bristled at working 343 00:21:06,440 --> 00:21:10,720 Speaker 1: under a woman's supervisor and then launched a campaign to 344 00:21:10,880 --> 00:21:14,879 Speaker 1: get rid of Coolie from her head bartender position. In 345 00:21:14,920 --> 00:21:19,120 Speaker 1: an interview with Chilled magazine, The Savoys archivist Susan Scott 346 00:21:19,160 --> 00:21:23,800 Speaker 1: reiterated that we don't know any of this with certainty, stating, quote, 347 00:21:23,840 --> 00:21:26,440 Speaker 1: there was no possibility of getting the top job in 348 00:21:26,480 --> 00:21:30,080 Speaker 1: the American Bar as long as miss Coleman was there. 349 00:21:30,680 --> 00:21:32,679 Speaker 1: And while it is easy to say there was no 350 00:21:32,800 --> 00:21:37,160 Speaker 1: love lost between them, that is just supposition. Yeah, there's 351 00:21:37,160 --> 00:21:42,280 Speaker 1: a whole story that some people say is documented that 352 00:21:42,480 --> 00:21:45,120 Speaker 1: he kind of made the case to the ownership that 353 00:21:45,920 --> 00:21:50,560 Speaker 1: if people came into the bar who were Americans, they 354 00:21:50,560 --> 00:21:53,040 Speaker 1: were not used to seeing women bartenders and so they 355 00:21:53,080 --> 00:21:56,600 Speaker 1: wouldn't go there or like it. But like at that point, 356 00:21:56,720 --> 00:21:59,320 Speaker 1: she had been working for more than twenty years, and 357 00:21:59,400 --> 00:22:01,840 Speaker 1: when people came from the US they seem to love her. 358 00:22:02,000 --> 00:22:06,280 Speaker 1: So there's a lot of theory going on there. Ruth 359 00:22:06,320 --> 00:22:09,720 Speaker 1: Burgess was also retired from the bar at the same 360 00:22:09,800 --> 00:22:13,480 Speaker 1: time as Ada in the mid nineteen twenties, and the 361 00:22:13,520 --> 00:22:17,359 Speaker 1: bar was also closed at that point temporarily for renovations, 362 00:22:17,400 --> 00:22:20,520 Speaker 1: so there's always the possibility that all of this was 363 00:22:20,600 --> 00:22:25,400 Speaker 1: merely a logistics and staffing issue. In nineteen twenty six, 364 00:22:25,440 --> 00:22:30,680 Speaker 1: an article appeared in various newspapers announcing the quote retirement 365 00:22:30,960 --> 00:22:34,040 Speaker 1: of Ada and Ruth from the American Bar. Here's what 366 00:22:34,160 --> 00:22:38,359 Speaker 1: it said, quote beloved by all drinking men who come 367 00:22:38,400 --> 00:22:41,600 Speaker 1: to them for cheer. From the four corners of the world. 368 00:22:41,960 --> 00:22:45,080 Speaker 1: The two picturesque bar maids of the Savoy Hotel have 369 00:22:45,240 --> 00:22:49,280 Speaker 1: laid down their cocktail shakers without patching up their differences. 370 00:22:49,400 --> 00:22:52,800 Speaker 1: They are Miss Ada Coleman and Miss Ruth Burgess. For 371 00:22:52,880 --> 00:22:56,360 Speaker 1: over twenty years they have worked in the same little corner, 372 00:22:56,840 --> 00:22:59,720 Speaker 1: handled the same bottles, and beamed on the same good 373 00:22:59,760 --> 00:23:04,520 Speaker 1: friend without speaking to each other. This feud, which most 374 00:23:04,600 --> 00:23:08,320 Speaker 1: old customers knew about but could not explain, hung over 375 00:23:08,359 --> 00:23:11,560 Speaker 1: the backbar like a film of fog when both were there. 376 00:23:12,040 --> 00:23:15,520 Speaker 1: But through the years the atmosphere has otherwise remained bright 377 00:23:15,720 --> 00:23:20,359 Speaker 1: and cheerful, between happy greetings and fond farewells with customers. 378 00:23:20,480 --> 00:23:24,159 Speaker 1: Much merry potter passed across the bar, but the women 379 00:23:24,320 --> 00:23:29,879 Speaker 1: between them norrished relentlessly. Their mutual enmity and scorn. So 380 00:23:30,000 --> 00:23:32,760 Speaker 1: this article goes on to explain that the root of 381 00:23:32,800 --> 00:23:36,080 Speaker 1: the issue and the decades long animosity between the women 382 00:23:36,680 --> 00:23:40,560 Speaker 1: is this. Ruth Burgess had been at American Bar since 383 00:23:40,640 --> 00:23:44,600 Speaker 1: nineteen oh two, and when Coley started there the following year, 384 00:23:45,119 --> 00:23:49,480 Speaker 1: she started making her own newly invented cocktails, which quickly 385 00:23:49,560 --> 00:23:53,520 Speaker 1: became the preferred drinks of the bar regulars. When Ada 386 00:23:53,640 --> 00:23:56,639 Speaker 1: was not working, those regulars would order them from Ruth, 387 00:23:56,760 --> 00:23:59,280 Speaker 1: but she didn't know how to make them, And then 388 00:23:59,320 --> 00:24:01,920 Speaker 1: when she asked Ada for the recipes so she could 389 00:24:01,920 --> 00:24:05,360 Speaker 1: make them when Ada wasn't working, Ada refused, and at 390 00:24:05,359 --> 00:24:08,600 Speaker 1: that point the two stop speaking to one another entirely. 391 00:24:09,440 --> 00:24:13,760 Speaker 1: The article continues quote Neither ever dreamed of leaving her 392 00:24:13,840 --> 00:24:17,400 Speaker 1: work to be free of the quarrel, but each waited 393 00:24:17,520 --> 00:24:20,800 Speaker 1: and hoped that the other would go. Finally, the blow 394 00:24:20,960 --> 00:24:24,359 Speaker 1: came to both at the same time. The management explained 395 00:24:24,440 --> 00:24:28,320 Speaker 1: that changes were being made the bar renovated, a new 396 00:24:28,520 --> 00:24:32,840 Speaker 1: system necessary, and that they had earned a rest. They 397 00:24:32,880 --> 00:24:37,560 Speaker 1: were given notice and granted pensions. After that, Harry Krattick 398 00:24:37,680 --> 00:24:40,720 Speaker 1: was the head bartender at American Bar, and Aida, who 399 00:24:40,920 --> 00:24:44,720 Speaker 1: had not actually retired, was moved into a position at 400 00:24:44,720 --> 00:24:49,280 Speaker 1: the Savoy's Flower Shop. When Kradick published The Savoy Cocktail 401 00:24:49,280 --> 00:24:52,000 Speaker 1: Book a few years later, he included the Hanky Panky 402 00:24:52,119 --> 00:24:55,400 Speaker 1: in it and credited Ada, but it's the only drink 403 00:24:55,440 --> 00:24:57,960 Speaker 1: in the book that bears her name, even though it's 404 00:24:58,160 --> 00:25:01,440 Speaker 1: likely that multiple signature d banks of the Savoy's Bar 405 00:25:01,760 --> 00:25:06,000 Speaker 1: were her creations. Ada's life after the Savoy does not 406 00:25:06,200 --> 00:25:09,760 Speaker 1: appear to have garnered a lot of attention. She died 407 00:25:09,800 --> 00:25:12,639 Speaker 1: at the age of ninety one in nineteen sixty six, 408 00:25:12,760 --> 00:25:15,399 Speaker 1: but the gap between her time at the Savoy and 409 00:25:15,440 --> 00:25:20,240 Speaker 1: her death doesn't seem to be well recorded. Today, Ada 410 00:25:20,400 --> 00:25:23,840 Speaker 1: is considered one of the most important bartenders of all time. 411 00:25:24,680 --> 00:25:28,239 Speaker 1: She was certainly prolific. By her own calculations, she had 412 00:25:28,280 --> 00:25:31,520 Speaker 1: made one million drinks during her career behind the bar. 413 00:25:32,520 --> 00:25:36,160 Speaker 1: American Bar, as we mentioned earlier, continues to this day. 414 00:25:36,680 --> 00:25:41,120 Speaker 1: It's become somewhat difficult to get into as a prestige 415 00:25:41,160 --> 00:25:45,040 Speaker 1: bar that also features some of the world's priciest drinks. 416 00:25:45,960 --> 00:25:50,200 Speaker 1: This includes a sazarak that costs five thousand pounds because 417 00:25:50,240 --> 00:25:54,240 Speaker 1: it's made with vintage spirits. Their vintage Hanky Panky is 418 00:25:54,280 --> 00:25:57,760 Speaker 1: one hundred and fifty pounds. American Bar also develops a 419 00:25:57,800 --> 00:26:01,680 Speaker 1: new menu periodically, each iteration built around a different theme. 420 00:26:02,440 --> 00:26:06,760 Speaker 1: The current one, which features both non alcoholic and alcoholic beverages, 421 00:26:06,880 --> 00:26:12,040 Speaker 1: is built around the theme of Liquid Moments, celebrating the people, details, 422 00:26:12,160 --> 00:26:15,840 Speaker 1: and events that have become important to the establishment's history. 423 00:26:16,520 --> 00:26:18,879 Speaker 1: To be named head bartender at American Bar is one 424 00:26:18,920 --> 00:26:21,919 Speaker 1: of the highest honors in the bartending industry, although it 425 00:26:21,960 --> 00:26:25,600 Speaker 1: comes with a lot of pressure. In twenty twenty one, 426 00:26:25,800 --> 00:26:30,560 Speaker 1: as the Savoy was reopening its various departments after COVID shutdowns, 427 00:26:30,840 --> 00:26:35,080 Speaker 1: Shannon to Bay became the first US born bartender to 428 00:26:35,240 --> 00:26:39,439 Speaker 1: helm American Bar. That also made her the first woman 429 00:26:39,600 --> 00:26:44,080 Speaker 1: head bartender since Ada's retirement in the nineteen twenties. The 430 00:26:44,160 --> 00:26:48,120 Speaker 1: relationship between Ada and Ruth was examined in an immersive 431 00:26:48,160 --> 00:26:52,040 Speaker 1: theater project in twenty seventeen in Washington, d C. The 432 00:26:52,119 --> 00:26:56,840 Speaker 1: Post Shift Theater recreated an imaginary first shift that Ada 433 00:26:56,840 --> 00:26:59,680 Speaker 1: and Ruth worked behind the bar together. I wish I 434 00:26:59,720 --> 00:27:04,000 Speaker 1: had no about and see that today. There's a professional 435 00:27:04,080 --> 00:27:08,280 Speaker 1: organization called the Ada Coleman Project. In the organization's own 436 00:27:08,320 --> 00:27:11,520 Speaker 1: words quote, our mission is to not only bring awareness 437 00:27:11,560 --> 00:27:15,040 Speaker 1: to the current inequities and the representation of women plus 438 00:27:15,040 --> 00:27:19,879 Speaker 1: in educational and recreational bartending roles, but also to offer 439 00:27:19,960 --> 00:27:24,200 Speaker 1: meaningful solutions. Our visionists to spotlight the women who innovate 440 00:27:24,280 --> 00:27:27,320 Speaker 1: and inspire us as an industry in an effort to 441 00:27:27,440 --> 00:27:31,760 Speaker 1: raise awareness and encourage meaningful conversation regarding the need for 442 00:27:31,800 --> 00:27:35,840 Speaker 1: a more balanced and diverse selection of leaders, educating, speaking, 443 00:27:35,920 --> 00:27:40,280 Speaker 1: and advocating for the next generation and beyond. Their logo 444 00:27:40,520 --> 00:27:44,440 Speaker 1: is a stylized version of a nearly empty hanky panky glass, 445 00:27:44,480 --> 00:27:48,400 Speaker 1: which is intended to evolve and be represented as fuller 446 00:27:48,400 --> 00:27:52,159 Speaker 1: and fuller as the group achieves greater inclusivity in the 447 00:27:52,200 --> 00:27:57,040 Speaker 1: bartending industry. Kind of a cool legacy. Uh huh. I 448 00:27:57,119 --> 00:28:01,560 Speaker 1: have listener mail. Listener mail is also about an important 449 00:28:01,560 --> 00:28:05,720 Speaker 1: woman that we've talked about. This is from our listener Lissa, 450 00:28:05,800 --> 00:28:08,879 Speaker 1: who writes, Dear Holly and Tracy, I have just pressed 451 00:28:08,920 --> 00:28:12,040 Speaker 1: pause while listening to your episode titled Helen a Blanchard 452 00:28:12,359 --> 00:28:14,920 Speaker 1: sewing machine Innovator, so that I could thank you for 453 00:28:14,960 --> 00:28:18,800 Speaker 1: a marvelous forty five minutes of listening. I love to sew, 454 00:28:19,000 --> 00:28:22,639 Speaker 1: but hand finish my garments because I despise the appearance 455 00:28:22,960 --> 00:28:26,960 Speaker 1: of surged edges. I have frequently passed over garments for 456 00:28:27,000 --> 00:28:31,240 Speaker 1: purchase for having surged interiors, all the while cursing whoever 457 00:28:31,400 --> 00:28:35,679 Speaker 1: invented that blasted machine. And now having heard Helen's story, 458 00:28:35,760 --> 00:28:38,360 Speaker 1: I'm quite pleased to know that a smart woman invented it, 459 00:28:38,640 --> 00:28:41,360 Speaker 1: and rather disappointed that I'll just have to stew in 460 00:28:41,400 --> 00:28:46,200 Speaker 1: my dissatisfaction while not wishing any additional ill toward her memory. Drett, 461 00:28:46,920 --> 00:28:49,400 Speaker 1: thank you for your wonderful podcast. I have listened since 462 00:28:49,440 --> 00:28:53,480 Speaker 1: the very beginning, originally downloading episodes to the iTunes player 463 00:28:53,560 --> 00:28:57,120 Speaker 1: on my desktop computer. The contrast of wandering around with 464 00:28:57,160 --> 00:29:00,239 Speaker 1: you two ladies in my pocket now is delightful. I 465 00:29:00,240 --> 00:29:02,880 Speaker 1: hope you enjoy writing the show as much now as 466 00:29:02,880 --> 00:29:05,320 Speaker 1: you did when you joined it more than ten years ago. 467 00:29:05,560 --> 00:29:09,400 Speaker 1: Cheers to Youlyssa. She mentions she doesn't have a PhD 468 00:29:09,600 --> 00:29:13,920 Speaker 1: because she skips over the spooky episodes, but one of 469 00:29:13,960 --> 00:29:17,520 Speaker 1: them she listened to because twenty years ago my husband 470 00:29:17,520 --> 00:29:20,520 Speaker 1: wrote a musical version of the Greenbrier Ghost Story, so 471 00:29:20,600 --> 00:29:23,160 Speaker 1: I enjoyed hearing your version. Thank you for all the rest, 472 00:29:23,240 --> 00:29:26,160 Speaker 1: though that sounds amazing. I would love to hear that musical, 473 00:29:26,280 --> 00:29:27,960 Speaker 1: so please feel free to send it along if you 474 00:29:28,000 --> 00:29:33,720 Speaker 1: have any recordings that tickled me immensely. My hat is 475 00:29:33,760 --> 00:29:36,280 Speaker 1: off to people who hand finish all of their garments 476 00:29:36,280 --> 00:29:40,160 Speaker 1: when they sew, because I am lazy, and I am 477 00:29:40,160 --> 00:29:43,720 Speaker 1: in it because I want more clothes that I can't 478 00:29:43,760 --> 00:29:47,240 Speaker 1: probably find elsewhere, and I am a big fan of 479 00:29:47,240 --> 00:29:50,520 Speaker 1: the searcher as she heard so. But again my hat 480 00:29:50,560 --> 00:29:53,200 Speaker 1: is off people that do game finishing. It is beautiful. 481 00:29:54,760 --> 00:29:57,760 Speaker 1: If you would like to write to us and share 482 00:29:57,840 --> 00:30:02,120 Speaker 1: your dismay at sarger for or your delight at learning 483 00:30:02,120 --> 00:30:04,360 Speaker 1: that a smart woman did it, or anything else, you 484 00:30:04,400 --> 00:30:07,400 Speaker 1: can do that at History Podcast at iHeartRadio dot com. 485 00:30:07,800 --> 00:30:10,320 Speaker 1: You can also subscribe to the show. It is the 486 00:30:10,360 --> 00:30:12,080 Speaker 1: simplest thing in the world. You can do that on 487 00:30:12,080 --> 00:30:15,520 Speaker 1: the iHeartRadio app or anywhere you listen to your favorite shows. 488 00:30:20,760 --> 00:30:23,880 Speaker 1: Stuff you Missed in History Class is a production of iHeartRadio. 489 00:30:24,240 --> 00:30:28,840 Speaker 1: For more podcasts from iHeartRadio, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, 490 00:30:28,960 --> 00:30:31,000 Speaker 1: or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.