1 00:00:01,520 --> 00:00:07,760 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff you Should Know, a production of iHeartRadio. 2 00:00:11,520 --> 00:00:14,040 Speaker 2: Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh, and there's 3 00:00:14,200 --> 00:00:17,479 Speaker 2: Chuck and Ben's here too, sitting in for Jerry, the 4 00:00:17,520 --> 00:00:23,040 Speaker 2: illustrious Ben, who's doing his thing really well. That makes 5 00:00:23,040 --> 00:00:23,959 Speaker 2: the stuff you should know. 6 00:00:28,280 --> 00:00:30,440 Speaker 1: Hey just said the listeners know. I finally met Ben 7 00:00:30,680 --> 00:00:33,879 Speaker 1: in person. Oh yeah, was there a hand offs, Georgia? 8 00:00:34,479 --> 00:00:37,120 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, no, there wasn't a handoff. But I went 9 00:00:37,159 --> 00:00:41,000 Speaker 1: to that Rim tribute show in Athens and Ben lives 10 00:00:41,000 --> 00:00:41,519 Speaker 1: in Athens. 11 00:00:42,000 --> 00:00:45,080 Speaker 2: Yeah, so tell me about that show. Didn't like Michael 12 00:00:45,120 --> 00:00:47,840 Speaker 2: Shannon Reunite Rim somehow. 13 00:00:47,760 --> 00:00:51,600 Speaker 1: Well, Michael Shannon and Jason Narducci got together a band 14 00:00:51,640 --> 00:00:56,320 Speaker 1: to play some Rim tribute shows, basically playing all of 15 00:00:56,440 --> 00:01:00,760 Speaker 1: Murmur and Chronic Town and then like another fifteen early 16 00:01:01,400 --> 00:01:05,720 Speaker 1: Deepish cuts Oka and in Athens as happens at the 17 00:01:05,720 --> 00:01:08,000 Speaker 1: forty watt and Athens. When there's Rim things like that, 18 00:01:08,600 --> 00:01:11,840 Speaker 1: the boys tend to come out. And that night all 19 00:01:11,920 --> 00:01:14,200 Speaker 1: of them came out, wow, and shared a stage for 20 00:01:14,240 --> 00:01:16,800 Speaker 1: the first time, and like you know, they said seventeen years, 21 00:01:16,840 --> 00:01:20,399 Speaker 1: but it feels like more than that. But yeah, it 22 00:01:20,480 --> 00:01:20,760 Speaker 1: was great. 23 00:01:20,800 --> 00:01:23,200 Speaker 2: Boy, that was something, huh, because forty one is not. 24 00:01:23,280 --> 00:01:23,760 Speaker 1: It was. 25 00:01:24,160 --> 00:01:26,800 Speaker 2: It's a tiny black box for everybody who's never been there. 26 00:01:27,200 --> 00:01:30,600 Speaker 1: Yeah, a couple hundred people maybe, but it was. You know, 27 00:01:30,720 --> 00:01:33,520 Speaker 1: all of them perform, like you know, Peter Buck shows 28 00:01:33,600 --> 00:01:36,319 Speaker 1: up a lot and performs. Bill Barry is starting to 29 00:01:36,319 --> 00:01:38,240 Speaker 1: come out and perform a little bit every now and then. 30 00:01:38,800 --> 00:01:40,920 Speaker 1: Mike Mills, if you start singing an Ariam song in 31 00:01:40,959 --> 00:01:43,199 Speaker 1: your backyard, he'll probably pop out from behind a tree 32 00:01:43,240 --> 00:01:47,480 Speaker 1: and ask if you want to back up? Right, But 33 00:01:47,840 --> 00:01:51,720 Speaker 1: Stipe never performs. So when he jumped up, the place 34 00:01:51,800 --> 00:01:55,240 Speaker 1: is just vibrating and I was like, it's happening, It's happening. 35 00:01:55,480 --> 00:01:58,040 Speaker 1: But he didn't perform. He just was very sweet and 36 00:01:58,040 --> 00:02:00,720 Speaker 1: said thank you, and they all kind of congregated for 37 00:02:00,720 --> 00:02:02,200 Speaker 1: a minute and that was it. 38 00:02:02,720 --> 00:02:05,760 Speaker 2: Oh but he didn't perform. That's crazy. 39 00:02:06,160 --> 00:02:09,200 Speaker 1: No, he didn't sing. I think everyone was just like, 40 00:02:09,320 --> 00:02:14,040 Speaker 1: it's finally gonna happen. He said, nope, no, but I 41 00:02:14,080 --> 00:02:16,760 Speaker 1: get it. But it was a great night and met 42 00:02:16,760 --> 00:02:17,240 Speaker 1: old Ben. 43 00:02:17,680 --> 00:02:21,160 Speaker 2: That's awesome, man, that's a heck of a story. Yeah, 44 00:02:21,400 --> 00:02:23,880 Speaker 2: and it's a great way to kick off our Lama episode. Frankly, 45 00:02:23,880 --> 00:02:24,560 Speaker 2: if you ask me. 46 00:02:24,960 --> 00:02:27,840 Speaker 1: And I agree, I think, and you know what, I 47 00:02:27,880 --> 00:02:31,679 Speaker 1: will agree because when I was very very briefly in 48 00:02:31,760 --> 00:02:35,880 Speaker 1: abandoned college, I don't know who had it, but someone 49 00:02:35,880 --> 00:02:38,880 Speaker 1: in the band knew a friend with a lama farm. Wow, 50 00:02:39,280 --> 00:02:40,959 Speaker 1: who knew that was coming? So when we would go 51 00:02:41,000 --> 00:02:43,120 Speaker 1: out to play in this big barn, we would drive 52 00:02:43,160 --> 00:02:43,960 Speaker 1: through the lamas. 53 00:02:44,440 --> 00:02:46,919 Speaker 2: That makes sense because somebody out in Georgia having a 54 00:02:47,000 --> 00:02:49,840 Speaker 2: lama farm is so nineties. That is such a nineties 55 00:02:49,880 --> 00:02:50,400 Speaker 2: thing to do. 56 00:02:50,440 --> 00:02:52,440 Speaker 3: You know, totally yeah. 57 00:02:52,480 --> 00:02:56,399 Speaker 2: And it's funny because there was an attempt to introduce 58 00:02:56,520 --> 00:03:00,359 Speaker 2: lamas to the United States well before the nineties and 59 00:03:00,480 --> 00:03:03,040 Speaker 2: even the eighties when they kind of became a thing 60 00:03:03,120 --> 00:03:04,760 Speaker 2: for the first time in the US. All the way 61 00:03:04,760 --> 00:03:07,560 Speaker 2: back in nineteen fourteen, the mayor of Buenos Aires tried 62 00:03:07,600 --> 00:03:11,040 Speaker 2: to give Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan the gift 63 00:03:11,040 --> 00:03:13,760 Speaker 2: of a llama, and that's when they would have entered 64 00:03:13,760 --> 00:03:15,560 Speaker 2: the US the first time, but it turned out that 65 00:03:15,560 --> 00:03:18,200 Speaker 2: that particular lama had foot and mouth disease, so it 66 00:03:18,240 --> 00:03:20,799 Speaker 2: wasn't allowed in well. 67 00:03:20,880 --> 00:03:25,280 Speaker 1: And it's also interesting because lama's they're back in forth 68 00:03:25,280 --> 00:03:28,200 Speaker 1: and thiss with North America is interesting because they originated 69 00:03:28,720 --> 00:03:32,359 Speaker 1: in North America on the Central Plains like forty million 70 00:03:32,440 --> 00:03:36,680 Speaker 1: years ago, and then about three million years ago they 71 00:03:37,400 --> 00:03:40,000 Speaker 1: dispersed to South America. They were like, we're heading south, 72 00:03:40,680 --> 00:03:43,080 Speaker 1: not for the winner, but perhaps. 73 00:03:42,680 --> 00:03:45,720 Speaker 2: Forever permanent vacation like Aerosmith. 74 00:03:45,520 --> 00:03:48,360 Speaker 1: Exactly that the boy music wrestler is flying all over 75 00:03:48,400 --> 00:03:51,520 Speaker 1: the place. And at the end of the last Ice Age, 76 00:03:52,720 --> 00:03:55,240 Speaker 1: the Camelids, which we'll see they're part of the Kamelid family, 77 00:03:55,520 --> 00:03:59,040 Speaker 1: they went extinct in North America even though that's where 78 00:03:59,040 --> 00:03:59,600 Speaker 1: they started. 79 00:04:00,120 --> 00:04:03,000 Speaker 2: Yeah, so you just kind of touched on something that 80 00:04:03,040 --> 00:04:05,520 Speaker 2: I think is maybe the fact of the podcast. Lamas 81 00:04:05,520 --> 00:04:08,120 Speaker 2: are members of the camel In family. They share a 82 00:04:08,480 --> 00:04:15,840 Speaker 2: common ancestor with camels themselves. Hence camels originated in North America. 83 00:04:16,720 --> 00:04:20,599 Speaker 2: Just mind blowing to me. Like, take that Central Eurasian steps. 84 00:04:21,320 --> 00:04:22,880 Speaker 1: Now, were there actual camels here? 85 00:04:23,160 --> 00:04:26,640 Speaker 2: Yeah? I believe, Yes, I looked it up and I 86 00:04:26,640 --> 00:04:29,480 Speaker 2: can't remember exactly, so I'm sure I'm getting it dead wrong. 87 00:04:30,040 --> 00:04:36,000 Speaker 2: But I believe camels themselves did evolve here in North 88 00:04:36,000 --> 00:04:40,520 Speaker 2: America and crossed over into Eurasia through the Bearing Land Strait. 89 00:04:40,839 --> 00:04:45,760 Speaker 2: Same with horses. Wow, yeah, I know, so USA, right. 90 00:04:46,040 --> 00:04:48,520 Speaker 2: But also Mexico and Canada. 91 00:04:49,800 --> 00:04:54,280 Speaker 1: Yeah, sure, we were USA back then, right, exactly. They 92 00:04:54,279 --> 00:04:58,760 Speaker 1: were domesticated. They're actually one of the oldest domesticated animals 93 00:04:58,880 --> 00:05:02,640 Speaker 1: in history, the history of animals. They're in the Andean 94 00:05:02,680 --> 00:05:06,680 Speaker 1: Highlands of Peru between four and five thousand years ago 95 00:05:07,120 --> 00:05:10,239 Speaker 1: they were domesticated, and then back in the United States 96 00:05:10,680 --> 00:05:13,920 Speaker 1: they were redomesticated, and that's obviously the only way they 97 00:05:13,960 --> 00:05:15,039 Speaker 1: exist in the US now. 98 00:05:15,320 --> 00:05:17,760 Speaker 2: Yeah, So it was a little confusing to me, and 99 00:05:17,800 --> 00:05:20,960 Speaker 2: I went and hashed out. Lamas have never existed in 100 00:05:21,000 --> 00:05:26,640 Speaker 2: the wild. Llama like animals and species that are related 101 00:05:26,640 --> 00:05:32,200 Speaker 2: to lamas, like the guanacos. Guanacos, they're wild and if 102 00:05:32,279 --> 00:05:34,680 Speaker 2: you look up a guanaco, it looks like a wild lama. 103 00:05:34,760 --> 00:05:37,800 Speaker 2: But lamas were domesticated from the outset. They were bred 104 00:05:37,800 --> 00:05:40,800 Speaker 2: from guanacos, so they never existed in the wild and 105 00:05:40,839 --> 00:05:45,200 Speaker 2: they still don't, which I find fascinating. They were bread 106 00:05:45,880 --> 00:05:50,000 Speaker 2: out of whole cloth. Is as a domesticated animal. It 107 00:05:50,040 --> 00:05:52,080 Speaker 2: was never not domesticated. Isn't they cool? 108 00:05:52,560 --> 00:05:55,400 Speaker 1: Yeah, it's super cool. And they're specifically bred because they're 109 00:05:55,400 --> 00:05:56,640 Speaker 1: a beast of burden. 110 00:05:56,680 --> 00:05:58,240 Speaker 2: You know, like the rolling Stones. 111 00:05:58,680 --> 00:06:01,040 Speaker 1: Yeah, man, another music graft. 112 00:06:01,080 --> 00:06:02,839 Speaker 2: I'm gonna keep them coming, okay. 113 00:06:02,839 --> 00:06:05,880 Speaker 1: You totally should, okay, and we'll talk about their you know, 114 00:06:05,960 --> 00:06:10,360 Speaker 1: their beast of burdenness and how it's okay as far 115 00:06:10,400 --> 00:06:14,799 Speaker 1: as that goes. But they also provided meat, obviously to herdsman. 116 00:06:15,880 --> 00:06:19,640 Speaker 1: They could make candles out of their tallow their clothing, 117 00:06:20,000 --> 00:06:23,080 Speaker 1: although it's not quite like it's not as effective, I 118 00:06:23,080 --> 00:06:26,880 Speaker 1: guess as alpaca wool. They're still shorn, and we'll talk 119 00:06:26,920 --> 00:06:29,479 Speaker 1: about that as well. And you know, their hides and 120 00:06:29,520 --> 00:06:31,800 Speaker 1: things like that, they're they're poo poo. They could use 121 00:06:31,800 --> 00:06:33,960 Speaker 1: for fuel. They were a very useful animal. 122 00:06:34,240 --> 00:06:38,000 Speaker 2: Yeah, super useful. The only large animal domesticated in the 123 00:06:38,040 --> 00:06:41,040 Speaker 2: ancient Americas. And they definitely came in handy. They were 124 00:06:41,080 --> 00:06:44,039 Speaker 2: put to good use and they were, like we said, 125 00:06:44,080 --> 00:06:46,000 Speaker 2: they were never a wild animal. They were always bread. 126 00:06:46,080 --> 00:06:49,919 Speaker 2: So humans always always had a hand in how lamas 127 00:06:49,960 --> 00:06:55,600 Speaker 2: were and the lamas that are around today. Again, they 128 00:06:55,600 --> 00:06:58,960 Speaker 2: were bred from guanacos. Yeah, guanacos, right, that's how you'd 129 00:06:58,960 --> 00:06:59,640 Speaker 2: say that, right. 130 00:07:00,040 --> 00:07:02,360 Speaker 1: It's got to be or guanaco I'm not sure. 131 00:07:02,279 --> 00:07:06,200 Speaker 2: Right, but they are. Some people say that these are 132 00:07:06,240 --> 00:07:09,640 Speaker 2: separate guanacos and lamas are separate. Other people say, no, 133 00:07:10,120 --> 00:07:14,880 Speaker 2: they're both. They're both members of the subspecies Llama glama. 134 00:07:15,680 --> 00:07:20,720 Speaker 2: They're great, right, And then collectively, lamas, guanacos, vicunas, and 135 00:07:20,800 --> 00:07:25,239 Speaker 2: alpacas are collectively known as lamboids, not to be confused 136 00:07:25,240 --> 00:07:29,760 Speaker 2: with graboids. And that they're still related to camels because 137 00:07:29,760 --> 00:07:35,320 Speaker 2: they're all originally camelids. There's a lot of differences between them, 138 00:07:35,440 --> 00:07:39,400 Speaker 2: especially with body shape or body morphology, but as we'll see, 139 00:07:39,480 --> 00:07:42,679 Speaker 2: they also share a lot of characteristics with camels. Still, 140 00:07:43,200 --> 00:07:45,360 Speaker 2: camels are from the Americas, by the. 141 00:07:45,320 --> 00:07:47,600 Speaker 1: Way, totally, But they don't have that hump. 142 00:07:48,520 --> 00:07:50,360 Speaker 2: That's one. They're much smaller. 143 00:07:51,440 --> 00:07:54,760 Speaker 1: Yeah, they're smaller. They're a little more slender. They do 144 00:07:54,800 --> 00:07:57,720 Speaker 1: have long legs, they got the long necks, they got 145 00:07:57,760 --> 00:08:02,200 Speaker 1: those cute little short waggy tails. Yes, smaller heads. If 146 00:08:02,280 --> 00:08:05,000 Speaker 1: you look at their face, they have a split upper 147 00:08:05,040 --> 00:08:09,760 Speaker 1: lip and big pointy ears, and they smile. I feel 148 00:08:09,760 --> 00:08:14,160 Speaker 1: like we do. Maybe we're, you know, have a predisposition 149 00:08:14,640 --> 00:08:16,880 Speaker 1: to highlight animals who smile at us. 150 00:08:17,080 --> 00:08:19,720 Speaker 2: Sure, I feel like we've done that a lot that Really, 151 00:08:19,760 --> 00:08:21,720 Speaker 2: hijags are brainwiring. 152 00:08:21,440 --> 00:08:24,080 Speaker 1: Oh totally, But you look up Lama smile and you're 153 00:08:24,120 --> 00:08:25,480 Speaker 1: going to see some pretty cute stuff. 154 00:08:25,560 --> 00:08:29,880 Speaker 2: Yes, they also have a panoramic vision because their eyes 155 00:08:29,920 --> 00:08:32,040 Speaker 2: are on the sides of their head, so they can 156 00:08:32,080 --> 00:08:34,880 Speaker 2: see predators from coming a mile away. And what's something 157 00:08:35,200 --> 00:08:37,360 Speaker 2: interesting about lamas that I didn't know about is they 158 00:08:37,360 --> 00:08:42,240 Speaker 2: are naturally aggressive toward predators. They don't shy away. If 159 00:08:42,240 --> 00:08:44,280 Speaker 2: they see like a fox or a coyote or something, 160 00:08:44,320 --> 00:08:46,640 Speaker 2: they go after it and they chase it off, which 161 00:08:46,679 --> 00:08:49,080 Speaker 2: is pretty cool. As we'll see, it's very useful. 162 00:08:49,760 --> 00:08:54,480 Speaker 1: Yeah, nice defense, although I took that their main defense 163 00:08:54,679 --> 00:08:58,480 Speaker 1: is like to charge it something like that. But it's 164 00:08:58,520 --> 00:09:00,880 Speaker 1: sort of a lot of bluster because they don't have 165 00:09:00,960 --> 00:09:01,840 Speaker 1: a lot of defense. 166 00:09:02,120 --> 00:09:04,480 Speaker 2: No, it is bluster. But they also have a lot 167 00:09:04,480 --> 00:09:08,360 Speaker 2: of size on like any coyote or any flock. Certainly, 168 00:09:08,960 --> 00:09:11,959 Speaker 2: I didn't realize how big they can get. They a 169 00:09:12,120 --> 00:09:15,360 Speaker 2: llama gets about four feet at the shoulder, pretty tall. 170 00:09:15,400 --> 00:09:18,160 Speaker 2: It's one point two meters and males can weigh between 171 00:09:18,200 --> 00:09:20,800 Speaker 2: three hundred and four hundred pounds, which is one hundred 172 00:09:20,800 --> 00:09:23,320 Speaker 2: and thirty five tow one hundred and eighty kilograms. That's 173 00:09:23,320 --> 00:09:26,320 Speaker 2: a hefty, husky little boy there. 174 00:09:27,040 --> 00:09:30,000 Speaker 1: Yeah, females can weigh between two thirty and three point fifty. 175 00:09:30,480 --> 00:09:33,520 Speaker 1: And I saw a video of a guy who's llama 176 00:09:34,040 --> 00:09:36,960 Speaker 1: busted out on his farm and went after the dog, 177 00:09:37,760 --> 00:09:40,360 Speaker 1: and it was funny. He wasn't harming the dog, but 178 00:09:41,000 --> 00:09:43,760 Speaker 1: he was chasing this dog. And they're pretty fast. They're 179 00:09:43,800 --> 00:09:46,280 Speaker 1: way faster than I thought. They can hit a max 180 00:09:46,400 --> 00:09:50,480 Speaker 1: speed of forty miles an hour. That's insane, which is 181 00:09:50,640 --> 00:09:53,520 Speaker 1: just yeah. I mean, I've seen them run, but I 182 00:09:53,520 --> 00:09:54,920 Speaker 1: didn't think it was that fast. It's kind of like 183 00:09:54,960 --> 00:09:57,160 Speaker 1: when a camel runs. I think it's a little deceiving 184 00:09:57,200 --> 00:09:59,079 Speaker 1: how fast they are because of their big lopie long 185 00:09:59,200 --> 00:10:02,720 Speaker 1: legs right right, It doesn't have that intensity of a 186 00:10:02,760 --> 00:10:06,640 Speaker 1: horse gallop, right, but it helps them run at a 187 00:10:06,679 --> 00:10:10,040 Speaker 1: predator or most importantly, run away from a predator. 188 00:10:10,080 --> 00:10:13,079 Speaker 2: I mean, forty miles an hour is really really fast. 189 00:10:13,240 --> 00:10:16,640 Speaker 2: That's like road runner fast. Yeah, but imagine the road 190 00:10:16,679 --> 00:10:18,920 Speaker 2: runner with a furry coat and a big old smile 191 00:10:18,920 --> 00:10:20,560 Speaker 2: while he's running forty miles an hour. 192 00:10:21,520 --> 00:10:22,720 Speaker 1: What's going on with those feet too? 193 00:10:23,120 --> 00:10:25,000 Speaker 2: So I say we talk about the feet and use 194 00:10:25,040 --> 00:10:26,800 Speaker 2: it as a cliffhanger to take a break, and then 195 00:10:26,840 --> 00:10:28,839 Speaker 2: come back and talk about how those feet come in handy. 196 00:10:28,880 --> 00:10:29,400 Speaker 2: How about that? 197 00:10:29,880 --> 00:10:30,600 Speaker 1: Wowie wow. 198 00:10:30,960 --> 00:10:33,280 Speaker 2: So remember I said that they share a lot in 199 00:10:33,320 --> 00:10:37,160 Speaker 2: common still with camels, both of them, neither one of 200 00:10:37,160 --> 00:10:40,600 Speaker 2: them are hooved animals. Camels have two toasts, and so 201 00:10:40,679 --> 00:10:44,560 Speaker 2: do lamas. Camels have toenails in the front, but they 202 00:10:44,600 --> 00:10:47,559 Speaker 2: don't use those for walking on the bottom of the 203 00:10:47,600 --> 00:10:52,360 Speaker 2: feet of Llamas and camels are soft pads, leathery and 204 00:10:52,480 --> 00:10:55,400 Speaker 2: soft that are not hoofs, which means that when they're 205 00:10:55,440 --> 00:10:59,920 Speaker 2: walking on like rocks and mountains and stuff like that, 206 00:11:00,240 --> 00:11:03,640 Speaker 2: they can actually kind of grip those rocks with their feet. 207 00:11:03,760 --> 00:11:07,880 Speaker 2: And they're split two toes, which makes them very surefooted, 208 00:11:08,120 --> 00:11:10,960 Speaker 2: which again made them very useful in the andies, which 209 00:11:11,000 --> 00:11:13,400 Speaker 2: again leads us to a message. 210 00:11:13,120 --> 00:11:41,439 Speaker 3: Break all right, we'll be right back, so Chuck. 211 00:11:41,280 --> 00:11:43,440 Speaker 2: I think we kind of started to set it up 212 00:11:43,440 --> 00:11:46,360 Speaker 2: pretty nicely. Lamas are surefooted, to. 213 00:11:46,360 --> 00:11:50,080 Speaker 1: Say the least, that's right, one of the benefits of 214 00:11:50,120 --> 00:11:54,880 Speaker 1: being unhooved or maybe even anti hoof I've never talked 215 00:11:54,880 --> 00:11:55,360 Speaker 1: to Alama. 216 00:11:55,360 --> 00:11:58,400 Speaker 2: They may got no problem with hoofed and they're fine 217 00:11:58,400 --> 00:11:58,840 Speaker 2: with them. 218 00:11:58,960 --> 00:12:02,440 Speaker 1: All right, So they're not but that that, like you said, 219 00:12:02,480 --> 00:12:05,520 Speaker 1: that makes them very surefooted. But it Also, it doesn't 220 00:12:05,559 --> 00:12:07,880 Speaker 1: tear up the side of a mountain like a hoof 221 00:12:07,920 --> 00:12:10,520 Speaker 1: did does because they got a little give there. 222 00:12:11,120 --> 00:12:13,320 Speaker 2: Yeah, so if you want to walk around and not 223 00:12:13,400 --> 00:12:17,280 Speaker 2: accidentally start off a rock slide, bring a lama instead 224 00:12:17,280 --> 00:12:18,120 Speaker 2: of like a cow. 225 00:12:19,840 --> 00:12:22,000 Speaker 1: That's a good point I mentioned. We would talk about 226 00:12:22,080 --> 00:12:24,960 Speaker 1: their whether or not they were good beasts of burden. 227 00:12:25,520 --> 00:12:29,439 Speaker 1: They're okay. A llama that's about two point fifty can 228 00:12:29,520 --> 00:12:32,120 Speaker 1: carry a load that's one hundred to one hundred and 229 00:12:32,160 --> 00:12:35,960 Speaker 1: thirty five pounds, maybe fifteen miles, maybe twenty miles in 230 00:12:36,000 --> 00:12:38,760 Speaker 1: a day. That's not bad at all. It's no ox 231 00:12:39,400 --> 00:12:43,920 Speaker 1: or horse. But if you've got a lightish load and 232 00:12:43,960 --> 00:12:47,120 Speaker 1: you're going, you know, not the furthest distance, then you 233 00:12:47,120 --> 00:12:48,800 Speaker 1: can do a lot worse than a lama. 234 00:12:49,360 --> 00:12:52,800 Speaker 2: It's true. They couldn't pull, they couldn't carry human, They 235 00:12:52,800 --> 00:12:55,560 Speaker 2: couldn't pull a machine. And I saw it. It spelled 236 00:12:55,559 --> 00:12:58,640 Speaker 2: out that even if the Inca who really put the 237 00:12:58,679 --> 00:13:04,200 Speaker 2: lama to good use had discovered the wheel, the lama 238 00:13:04,240 --> 00:13:06,200 Speaker 2: still wouldn't have been able to be attached to anything 239 00:13:06,240 --> 00:13:09,320 Speaker 2: bigger than probably like a wheelbarrow sized type thing. They 240 00:13:09,360 --> 00:13:13,160 Speaker 2: just don't have that strength. But they are good pack animals, 241 00:13:13,400 --> 00:13:16,040 Speaker 2: and that they can carry a lot of weight, just 242 00:13:16,080 --> 00:13:19,520 Speaker 2: not like human weight. So if you have a ton 243 00:13:19,559 --> 00:13:24,000 Speaker 2: of stuff, say you're mining silver pre Columbian contact, you 244 00:13:24,080 --> 00:13:26,719 Speaker 2: got a silver mine set up of Potosi, you need 245 00:13:26,760 --> 00:13:30,319 Speaker 2: a lot of lamas. And apparently there was a Spanish 246 00:13:30,360 --> 00:13:35,959 Speaker 2: observer didn't catch their name, who visited Potosi, which is 247 00:13:36,000 --> 00:13:39,400 Speaker 2: a really important silver mine and what's now Bolivia, and 248 00:13:39,440 --> 00:13:42,520 Speaker 2: found that the Inca were employing what they guessed to 249 00:13:42,520 --> 00:13:46,440 Speaker 2: be about three hundred thousand lamas. Yeah, transporting the silver 250 00:13:46,520 --> 00:13:49,000 Speaker 2: ore from the mind to be refined. 251 00:13:50,160 --> 00:13:52,360 Speaker 1: Yeah, I mean that's a lot of lamas. And again, 252 00:13:52,400 --> 00:13:55,840 Speaker 1: if each one of those can carry over one hundred pounds, 253 00:13:56,280 --> 00:13:58,640 Speaker 1: then they're moving some silver for sure. 254 00:13:58,840 --> 00:14:02,480 Speaker 2: Sure, and it probably goes without saying, but you could 255 00:14:02,480 --> 00:14:05,280 Speaker 2: also delight your child as long as your child's under 256 00:14:05,320 --> 00:14:08,680 Speaker 2: one hundred pounds and let them ride the lama too. 257 00:14:09,240 --> 00:14:10,080 Speaker 2: They could have done that. 258 00:14:11,280 --> 00:14:14,439 Speaker 1: Sure, I'm sure there was an Incan birthday party at 259 00:14:14,440 --> 00:14:16,000 Speaker 1: some point where a kid rode a lama. 260 00:14:16,080 --> 00:14:16,520 Speaker 2: That's right. 261 00:14:18,040 --> 00:14:20,200 Speaker 1: They're also you know, as far as being up there 262 00:14:20,440 --> 00:14:24,360 Speaker 1: in the high dryness, they have a very high thirst tolerance, 263 00:14:24,400 --> 00:14:27,440 Speaker 1: which is super handy. Obviously, has a lot to do 264 00:14:27,480 --> 00:14:31,400 Speaker 1: with their camel camelness. They have a lot of endurance. 265 00:14:31,760 --> 00:14:34,560 Speaker 1: They can eat a lot of different kinds of shrubbery, 266 00:14:35,400 --> 00:14:38,920 Speaker 1: which is great, and their blood has a really unusually 267 00:14:38,960 --> 00:14:42,080 Speaker 1: high amount of hemoglobin, and as we all know, that 268 00:14:42,120 --> 00:14:45,680 Speaker 1: protein is going to carry oxygen from the lungs throughout 269 00:14:45,720 --> 00:14:48,720 Speaker 1: your body. So that's an animal that's basically built to 270 00:14:48,760 --> 00:14:53,080 Speaker 1: survive a high elevation where it's dry and where there's 271 00:14:53,120 --> 00:14:55,280 Speaker 1: lots of you know, sort of dry grasses and shrubs 272 00:14:55,280 --> 00:14:55,640 Speaker 1: to eat. 273 00:14:55,840 --> 00:15:00,880 Speaker 2: So as animals themselves, like you know, without the human 274 00:15:00,960 --> 00:15:04,000 Speaker 2: touch of being used as pack animals. Just if you 275 00:15:04,400 --> 00:15:06,880 Speaker 2: have some lamas hanging out with one another, I can't 276 00:15:06,880 --> 00:15:11,280 Speaker 2: believe how I just put that. They are gregarious, which 277 00:15:11,320 --> 00:15:16,320 Speaker 2: means they need social like social groups. Like you don't 278 00:15:16,360 --> 00:15:18,440 Speaker 2: really want to have just a single lama, or I 279 00:15:18,480 --> 00:15:20,520 Speaker 2: even saw it, just a couple of lamas. You want 280 00:15:20,520 --> 00:15:23,720 Speaker 2: to have a handful because they have specific ways of living. 281 00:15:24,000 --> 00:15:28,000 Speaker 2: And typically a lama family group will have a single 282 00:15:28,040 --> 00:15:33,000 Speaker 2: male and a handful of females and then whatever offspring 283 00:15:33,120 --> 00:15:36,960 Speaker 2: were born from those by those females that year. 284 00:15:38,080 --> 00:15:41,120 Speaker 1: Yeah, exactly, And you'll see why in a minute. If 285 00:15:41,120 --> 00:15:42,840 Speaker 1: you are the head of a family. If you're the 286 00:15:42,840 --> 00:15:46,120 Speaker 1: male leading that group, you're going to be pretty territorial. 287 00:15:46,160 --> 00:15:48,880 Speaker 1: You're going to defend your family. If a competing male 288 00:15:48,960 --> 00:15:51,680 Speaker 1: comes in there that doesn't have a family, that's like, hey, 289 00:15:51,680 --> 00:15:53,920 Speaker 1: I might like to take yours, they will be pretty 290 00:15:53,920 --> 00:15:57,080 Speaker 1: aggressive toward that, even though they're not super aggressive animals. 291 00:15:58,000 --> 00:16:00,720 Speaker 1: Drive them out of there and say go back to 292 00:16:00,760 --> 00:16:04,280 Speaker 1: your bachelor pad. And by bachelor pad, we mean the 293 00:16:04,320 --> 00:16:07,840 Speaker 1: group of males that don't have families, that all just 294 00:16:07,880 --> 00:16:09,960 Speaker 1: seemingly hang out together and play cards. 295 00:16:10,320 --> 00:16:16,320 Speaker 2: Yeah, there's another thing too that is really just loving 296 00:16:16,360 --> 00:16:21,040 Speaker 2: about lamas. They actually will adopt and protect other species 297 00:16:21,040 --> 00:16:21,960 Speaker 2: of animals. 298 00:16:22,160 --> 00:16:22,440 Speaker 1: Uh huh. 299 00:16:22,520 --> 00:16:25,320 Speaker 2: Remember how I said they're naturally aggressive toward predators. They'll 300 00:16:25,360 --> 00:16:28,840 Speaker 2: actually defend other kinds of animals that they consider part 301 00:16:28,840 --> 00:16:33,880 Speaker 2: of their group on say, like a farmer ranch from predators. 302 00:16:34,360 --> 00:16:36,520 Speaker 1: Yeah. I saw that they would adopt sheep, and I wonder, 303 00:16:36,800 --> 00:16:38,480 Speaker 1: I mean, they'll probably do this with all the animals, 304 00:16:38,520 --> 00:16:40,600 Speaker 1: but I wonder if it's because the sheep, you know, 305 00:16:40,840 --> 00:16:44,280 Speaker 1: in the face at least, and there are some similarities there. 306 00:16:44,360 --> 00:16:45,800 Speaker 1: I think that or. 307 00:16:45,840 --> 00:16:48,840 Speaker 2: The llamas are familiar with the whole ba ram you 308 00:16:49,440 --> 00:16:52,840 Speaker 2: message that allows you either the sheep family. 309 00:16:53,440 --> 00:16:57,600 Speaker 1: Or maybe it was particularly you know, interested male lama 310 00:16:57,600 --> 00:17:01,520 Speaker 1: who saw that sheep and was like, hey, shawty, you 311 00:17:01,600 --> 00:17:02,560 Speaker 1: want to join our family. 312 00:17:04,800 --> 00:17:07,399 Speaker 2: Yeah, for some reason, I'm disturbed by that. 313 00:17:07,760 --> 00:17:12,879 Speaker 1: You probably should be. They communicate with each other mainly 314 00:17:12,920 --> 00:17:17,040 Speaker 1: through a body language. Their posture can kind of tell 315 00:17:17,040 --> 00:17:19,320 Speaker 1: you a lot. Their ears apparently are going to indicate 316 00:17:19,320 --> 00:17:22,200 Speaker 1: their mood. They don't make a lot of noise. Lamas 317 00:17:22,240 --> 00:17:24,919 Speaker 1: are pretty quiet if you have a lama farm, but 318 00:17:25,040 --> 00:17:29,200 Speaker 1: they will like vocalize if their predators around. And little 319 00:17:29,320 --> 00:17:33,120 Speaker 1: mummies and babies can hum at one another like back 320 00:17:33,160 --> 00:17:34,840 Speaker 1: and forth, kind of sing to each other. And it's 321 00:17:34,960 --> 00:17:35,439 Speaker 1: very sweet. 322 00:17:35,480 --> 00:17:37,040 Speaker 2: Did you watch that YouTube I sent you? 323 00:17:37,640 --> 00:17:38,919 Speaker 1: Oh, you know I did, so. 324 00:17:39,040 --> 00:17:41,679 Speaker 2: There's a YouTube. I can't remember the exact name, but 325 00:17:41,800 --> 00:17:45,760 Speaker 2: just look up llama hum I think it'll come up. 326 00:17:45,760 --> 00:17:49,119 Speaker 2: But there's a baby lama drinking from a bottle and 327 00:17:49,200 --> 00:17:52,720 Speaker 2: the mom's standing by watching and the baby's just humming 328 00:17:52,720 --> 00:17:54,639 Speaker 2: while it's drinking. The mom hums back a little bit. 329 00:17:54,680 --> 00:17:56,280 Speaker 2: It's really really sweet. 330 00:17:57,160 --> 00:17:59,760 Speaker 1: It's pretty great, and they are gentle for the most part, 331 00:17:59,840 --> 00:18:02,399 Speaker 1: but they are a little bit stubborn. Too, because if 332 00:18:02,440 --> 00:18:04,520 Speaker 1: you put too much weight on them, if you're not 333 00:18:04,560 --> 00:18:07,800 Speaker 1: treating them right, then they're they're just like, I'm just 334 00:18:07,840 --> 00:18:10,199 Speaker 1: gonna have a sit in. Basically, they won't budge, they 335 00:18:10,240 --> 00:18:13,000 Speaker 1: won't move, they will spit at you, they might hiss 336 00:18:13,080 --> 00:18:15,800 Speaker 1: or kick at you. Yeah, and they're just like no, no, no, no, 337 00:18:15,800 --> 00:18:18,240 Speaker 1: that's not lamas. Don't play that game, homie. 338 00:18:18,280 --> 00:18:20,720 Speaker 2: All that behavior is shared in common with camels too. 339 00:18:20,880 --> 00:18:24,440 Speaker 2: Camels are yeah, for sure. Also, one other thing about 340 00:18:24,440 --> 00:18:27,240 Speaker 2: the vocalizations when they when you said when they warn 341 00:18:27,280 --> 00:18:30,159 Speaker 2: of predators. I look that up too, and it sounds 342 00:18:30,200 --> 00:18:33,040 Speaker 2: like a fork being scraped across a metal plate. 343 00:18:33,720 --> 00:18:36,280 Speaker 1: Yeah, it's pretty aggressively annoying. 344 00:18:36,520 --> 00:18:40,040 Speaker 2: Yeah, that's what it is. It doesn't scare them off, 345 00:18:40,040 --> 00:18:42,000 Speaker 2: it just annoys them away. 346 00:18:42,200 --> 00:18:43,760 Speaker 1: They are like fine, geez. 347 00:18:44,320 --> 00:18:47,240 Speaker 2: So we said that the family groups consist of the 348 00:18:47,440 --> 00:18:52,359 Speaker 2: offspring that were born that year. That's because the young, 349 00:18:52,560 --> 00:18:55,040 Speaker 2: the little babies get to hang out with the moms 350 00:18:55,040 --> 00:18:57,960 Speaker 2: who are very attentive of them for that first year, 351 00:18:58,560 --> 00:19:02,520 Speaker 2: and then after that the dominant male chases the baby 352 00:19:02,560 --> 00:19:07,200 Speaker 2: off after its first birthday. For a couple of reasons. 353 00:19:07,240 --> 00:19:09,000 Speaker 2: It makes sense. So number one, if it's a boy, 354 00:19:09,480 --> 00:19:13,679 Speaker 2: it doesn't want to have to have to fight over 355 00:19:13,960 --> 00:19:16,760 Speaker 2: the females with the boy. But if it's a girl, 356 00:19:17,359 --> 00:19:20,159 Speaker 2: it doesn't want to have a girl around that it 357 00:19:20,240 --> 00:19:24,440 Speaker 2: might mate with and kind of taper the gene pool 358 00:19:24,480 --> 00:19:28,600 Speaker 2: a little bit. So it makes sense biologically and genetically 359 00:19:28,680 --> 00:19:32,240 Speaker 2: for the dominant male just chase off female and male young. 360 00:19:32,840 --> 00:19:36,320 Speaker 1: Yeah, totally. They have a gestation period about eleven months. 361 00:19:36,880 --> 00:19:39,520 Speaker 1: They only have one little baby at a time, and 362 00:19:39,680 --> 00:19:42,159 Speaker 1: the male has you know, those multi they have a 363 00:19:42,160 --> 00:19:45,920 Speaker 1: little hairm around them. Because they're polygynous, they will mate 364 00:19:45,920 --> 00:19:49,320 Speaker 1: with all the females in their family that will accept 365 00:19:49,320 --> 00:19:53,760 Speaker 1: that and they release. It's an induced ovulation, so once 366 00:19:53,800 --> 00:19:56,520 Speaker 1: they they do that thing, they're going to release an 367 00:19:56,520 --> 00:19:58,239 Speaker 1: egg within about a day or a day and a 368 00:19:58,240 --> 00:19:59,280 Speaker 1: half after mating. 369 00:19:59,600 --> 00:20:05,119 Speaker 2: Yeah. Yeah, I'm just withholding any jokes. So did you 370 00:20:05,160 --> 00:20:08,119 Speaker 2: say that they just state for eleven months? Yeah, okay, 371 00:20:08,160 --> 00:20:10,520 Speaker 2: and their offspringer called Korea. 372 00:20:10,800 --> 00:20:15,879 Speaker 1: Yeah, and there they're like any smallish, long legged mammal, 373 00:20:16,320 --> 00:20:19,720 Speaker 1: a little eighteen to twenty pound lama standing for the 374 00:20:19,760 --> 00:20:23,119 Speaker 1: first time within that first hour is just something that 375 00:20:23,280 --> 00:20:25,359 Speaker 1: everyone just needs to make part of their life. 376 00:20:25,480 --> 00:20:30,080 Speaker 2: Yeah, for sure. And after that first hour that they stand. 377 00:20:30,119 --> 00:20:33,040 Speaker 2: They can expect to live about fifteen years from that 378 00:20:33,160 --> 00:20:38,200 Speaker 2: moment on average, as far as as far as lifespan 379 00:20:38,280 --> 00:20:38,920 Speaker 2: is concerned. 380 00:20:39,520 --> 00:20:40,600 Speaker 1: Yeah, not bad. 381 00:20:41,119 --> 00:20:44,320 Speaker 2: Speaking of a little baby Lama's being born. There's a 382 00:20:44,359 --> 00:20:47,399 Speaker 2: movie I watched recently, another a twenty four knock it 383 00:20:47,440 --> 00:20:50,120 Speaker 2: out of the park movie called Lamb Have you seen? 384 00:20:52,400 --> 00:20:54,280 Speaker 1: I haven't seen it. I think I know the one 385 00:20:54,720 --> 00:21:00,000 Speaker 1: with the the what's her name rumy? Yeah, yeah, yeah, 386 00:21:00,080 --> 00:21:00,880 Speaker 1: what's her last name? 387 00:21:00,960 --> 00:21:02,760 Speaker 2: I want to say a piece, but it's. 388 00:21:02,840 --> 00:21:04,880 Speaker 1: I think it's ra piece rap piece, that's right. I'm 389 00:21:04,920 --> 00:21:07,160 Speaker 1: not sure that's how you pronounce it. But I haven't 390 00:21:07,160 --> 00:21:08,720 Speaker 1: seen it. But there's almost no way to talk about 391 00:21:08,720 --> 00:21:10,080 Speaker 1: it without spoiling it, right. 392 00:21:10,240 --> 00:21:12,680 Speaker 2: I'm not going to, but I'm just gonna say I'm 393 00:21:12,680 --> 00:21:14,880 Speaker 2: going to encourage you to please see it as soon 394 00:21:14,880 --> 00:21:18,800 Speaker 2: as possible. It's so good. And I started to watch 395 00:21:18,840 --> 00:21:22,119 Speaker 2: it in subtitles, and then I realized they weren't talking 396 00:21:22,160 --> 00:21:23,880 Speaker 2: that much, and when they were talking, it was kind 397 00:21:23,880 --> 00:21:28,320 Speaker 2: of distracting from the visuals, which are just lovely. So 398 00:21:28,359 --> 00:21:31,879 Speaker 2: I actually watched most of the movie in Icelandic and 399 00:21:31,920 --> 00:21:34,359 Speaker 2: you can just tell from you can tell from the 400 00:21:34,400 --> 00:21:38,520 Speaker 2: conversations in the context generally what they're talking about. Oh, 401 00:21:38,560 --> 00:21:41,280 Speaker 2: that's funny enough that I don't feel like I missed 402 00:21:41,320 --> 00:21:43,520 Speaker 2: anything from the movie. I probably missed some very subtle 403 00:21:43,560 --> 00:21:45,640 Speaker 2: things here or there, but I got the broad strokes 404 00:21:45,680 --> 00:21:47,439 Speaker 2: for sure. But I think I'll probably go back and 405 00:21:47,480 --> 00:21:50,159 Speaker 2: watch it with the subtitles to see what I missed. 406 00:21:50,160 --> 00:21:53,440 Speaker 2: But however, you watch it, just watch it. It's so good. 407 00:21:53,920 --> 00:21:55,439 Speaker 1: Yeah, it was on my list and I kind of 408 00:21:55,440 --> 00:21:59,080 Speaker 1: forgot about it. I know what the deal is. I 409 00:21:59,119 --> 00:22:01,520 Speaker 1: just hope it's not a case where I'm talking about 410 00:22:01,520 --> 00:22:03,760 Speaker 1: a part and you're like, yeah, that's when blank happens, 411 00:22:04,320 --> 00:22:06,040 Speaker 1: and I'm like, no, no, no, that's not at all 412 00:22:06,080 --> 00:22:10,879 Speaker 1: what happens. You weren't reading the subtitles, right, It's actually 413 00:22:10,920 --> 00:22:12,200 Speaker 1: far more disturbing and sad. 414 00:22:12,400 --> 00:22:15,520 Speaker 2: It's possible it is an A twenty four movie. Yeah, 415 00:22:15,920 --> 00:22:17,720 Speaker 2: So I just wanted to shout out LAMB because it 416 00:22:17,760 --> 00:22:18,080 Speaker 2: was good. 417 00:22:19,200 --> 00:22:20,280 Speaker 1: Yeah, I can't wait. 418 00:22:21,000 --> 00:22:23,160 Speaker 2: Should we take a second break here now and then 419 00:22:23,200 --> 00:22:25,960 Speaker 2: come back and talk about how valuable Lama Fleece has been. 420 00:22:26,680 --> 00:22:28,960 Speaker 1: Yeah, let's do that, and we'll talk about that Lama 421 00:22:29,000 --> 00:22:57,879 Speaker 1: Fleece right after this. All right, Well, quickly before we 422 00:22:57,880 --> 00:23:01,240 Speaker 1: talk about lamba fleece. I I kind of forgot until 423 00:23:01,240 --> 00:23:04,520 Speaker 1: I started researching this that there was a there's a 424 00:23:04,520 --> 00:23:09,040 Speaker 1: book series for kids called Lama Lama. Okay, And boy, 425 00:23:09,080 --> 00:23:10,560 Speaker 1: oh boy, did I have to read a lot of 426 00:23:10,640 --> 00:23:14,800 Speaker 1: Lama Lama for those first few years. Yeah, I totally 427 00:23:14,840 --> 00:23:16,520 Speaker 1: forgot about it. But now I'm like, oh my god, 428 00:23:16,640 --> 00:23:18,600 Speaker 1: Ruby had like I feel like twenty of those Lama 429 00:23:18,640 --> 00:23:19,240 Speaker 1: Lama books. 430 00:23:19,359 --> 00:23:21,560 Speaker 2: Is it like about a lama that solves mysteries. 431 00:23:22,520 --> 00:23:25,159 Speaker 1: No, it didn't solve mysteries, And I'm trying to remember 432 00:23:25,200 --> 00:23:26,760 Speaker 1: the thrust of it. I think it's just about a 433 00:23:26,800 --> 00:23:30,160 Speaker 1: lama that's like always getting in trouble and stuff. Oh yeah, 434 00:23:30,240 --> 00:23:35,040 Speaker 1: that kind of lama, like every children's book. Sure, But 435 00:23:35,160 --> 00:23:37,919 Speaker 1: we were going to talk about fleece. Their fleece is 436 00:23:37,960 --> 00:23:41,240 Speaker 1: pretty good. It's they get shared about every two years. 437 00:23:41,720 --> 00:23:44,439 Speaker 1: They don't produce the most fleece in the world. You 438 00:23:44,480 --> 00:23:46,440 Speaker 1: get about six and a half to seven and a 439 00:23:46,480 --> 00:23:51,000 Speaker 1: half pounds of fiber every two years. And like I said, 440 00:23:51,040 --> 00:23:55,199 Speaker 1: it's not like that, like that wool of the alpaca 441 00:23:55,280 --> 00:23:58,639 Speaker 1: that makes for such a wonderful, warm experience. 442 00:23:58,760 --> 00:24:02,040 Speaker 2: Yeah, it's also like Kashmir, which everybody knows it's the 443 00:24:02,080 --> 00:24:06,480 Speaker 2: gold standard for soft woolen fleece, right, But I was 444 00:24:06,560 --> 00:24:13,040 Speaker 2: reading an article by a historian named Emily Wakid Walkld 445 00:24:13,080 --> 00:24:16,960 Speaker 2: sorry wak l i d from Boise State, who wrote 446 00:24:17,000 --> 00:24:20,800 Speaker 2: a piece on the conversation about lamas in the natural 447 00:24:20,880 --> 00:24:24,360 Speaker 2: History of Lamas, and apparently one of the things that 448 00:24:24,440 --> 00:24:29,439 Speaker 2: the Inca used to do was bury lamas sacrificially and 449 00:24:29,520 --> 00:24:32,320 Speaker 2: ritually on land that they were claiming as their own. 450 00:24:32,440 --> 00:24:34,560 Speaker 2: They're like, we're the ones with the lamas, because I 451 00:24:34,560 --> 00:24:35,760 Speaker 2: don't know if we said this or not. They were 452 00:24:35,800 --> 00:24:39,399 Speaker 2: never exported outside of the Incan Empire until after the 453 00:24:39,440 --> 00:24:42,320 Speaker 2: Spanish came, so the Inca had like a lock on 454 00:24:42,680 --> 00:24:46,600 Speaker 2: the lama. So they would bury lamas, mummify them, and 455 00:24:46,640 --> 00:24:50,400 Speaker 2: bury them on land that they were claiming as part 456 00:24:50,440 --> 00:24:53,520 Speaker 2: of their territory and sod like A thousand years later, 457 00:24:54,240 --> 00:24:57,160 Speaker 2: archaeologists and anthropologists came along and dug these lama up, 458 00:24:57,600 --> 00:25:00,840 Speaker 2: and what they found is that these incredibly well lamas 459 00:25:01,040 --> 00:25:04,720 Speaker 2: actually used to have fleece that was like on par 460 00:25:04,880 --> 00:25:07,760 Speaker 2: with Kashmir, and that it just got lost over time 461 00:25:08,119 --> 00:25:11,480 Speaker 2: as the Spanish came along and were like we have Kashmir, 462 00:25:11,600 --> 00:25:13,440 Speaker 2: We're just gonna eat these lama instead. 463 00:25:14,320 --> 00:25:18,520 Speaker 1: Yeah, it's and it's crazy. And I guess just the 464 00:25:18,560 --> 00:25:22,160 Speaker 1: reason they didn't remain that way is because they they 465 00:25:22,720 --> 00:25:24,520 Speaker 1: left the area and went somewhere else. 466 00:25:25,640 --> 00:25:29,879 Speaker 2: No, they were no longer bread so selectively for their fleece. 467 00:25:29,960 --> 00:25:32,320 Speaker 2: They were more to be meat bearing. 468 00:25:33,200 --> 00:25:35,200 Speaker 1: I gotcha. Well, I know that while they were meat 469 00:25:35,200 --> 00:25:39,239 Speaker 1: bearing for the incas that they were highly revered. It 470 00:25:39,280 --> 00:25:41,360 Speaker 1: wasn't just like, hey, we're going to raise and kill 471 00:25:41,400 --> 00:25:45,320 Speaker 1: this animal. They were very much revered in their sort 472 00:25:45,359 --> 00:25:49,240 Speaker 1: of cultural and spiritual beliefs. And while they did sacrifice 473 00:25:49,320 --> 00:25:53,280 Speaker 1: them along with alpacas, they were you know, they ate 474 00:25:53,320 --> 00:25:57,760 Speaker 1: the meat at big like important community celebrations. They would 475 00:25:57,800 --> 00:26:00,600 Speaker 1: do it to honor the gods as specifically the gods 476 00:26:00,600 --> 00:26:00,880 Speaker 1: I think. 477 00:26:01,000 --> 00:26:01,200 Speaker 3: Yeah. 478 00:26:02,880 --> 00:26:05,239 Speaker 1: Yeah, and they would sacrifice and bury them along with 479 00:26:05,320 --> 00:26:06,960 Speaker 1: like jewelry and stuff like that. 480 00:26:07,400 --> 00:26:11,879 Speaker 2: Yeah. So they also today you can see llamas dressed 481 00:26:11,960 --> 00:26:15,000 Speaker 2: up in like pretty ribbons and hats, little cute little 482 00:26:15,000 --> 00:26:19,320 Speaker 2: hats in like parades in areas like Bolivia, and they 483 00:26:19,440 --> 00:26:23,000 Speaker 2: still it's just been carried down over the generations. They're 484 00:26:23,080 --> 00:26:30,720 Speaker 2: still very traditionally revered, right, there's an explanation that apparently 485 00:26:30,800 --> 00:26:34,800 Speaker 2: some kinds of llama herders or lama farmers in the 486 00:26:34,840 --> 00:26:40,840 Speaker 2: Andes still consider lamas basically a conduit to the spirits 487 00:26:40,920 --> 00:26:43,960 Speaker 2: of the mountains, the wamani is what they're called, and 488 00:26:44,000 --> 00:26:47,680 Speaker 2: that the lama don't actually belong to these humans. They're 489 00:26:47,760 --> 00:26:50,000 Speaker 2: just kind of tending the lama. They're taking care of 490 00:26:50,000 --> 00:26:52,880 Speaker 2: the lama, and so they engage in all these rituals, 491 00:26:52,880 --> 00:26:57,480 Speaker 2: which on their face sound really bizarre, like marrying lamas, right. 492 00:26:57,520 --> 00:26:59,879 Speaker 1: Oh man, it's so cute, it is. 493 00:27:00,280 --> 00:27:02,120 Speaker 2: So they will take lamas and they'll be like, you're 494 00:27:02,119 --> 00:27:08,680 Speaker 2: gonna marry esther over here, right, Fred, and so Fred 495 00:27:08,680 --> 00:27:11,600 Speaker 2: and Esther are made to get married, and I guess 496 00:27:11,680 --> 00:27:13,959 Speaker 2: they lay down in a marriage bet or something like that. 497 00:27:14,000 --> 00:27:16,520 Speaker 2: And all this sounds like so weird, and like, of 498 00:27:16,560 --> 00:27:19,640 Speaker 2: course it's just spiritual and mystical. This kind of has 499 00:27:19,640 --> 00:27:23,800 Speaker 2: this just bizarre cast to it. But and I love 500 00:27:23,880 --> 00:27:26,080 Speaker 2: it when this happens, when like a custom turns out 501 00:27:26,080 --> 00:27:29,920 Speaker 2: to have like a practical reason behind it. The Lamas 502 00:27:29,960 --> 00:27:32,560 Speaker 2: that go along with this are like, yeah, I'm gonna 503 00:27:32,600 --> 00:27:35,560 Speaker 2: lay down on this marriage. But with esther, this is fun, right, 504 00:27:35,600 --> 00:27:37,840 Speaker 2: they prove themselves to be more docile. So those are 505 00:27:37,880 --> 00:27:40,800 Speaker 2: the ones who are less likely to be slaughtered for 506 00:27:40,880 --> 00:27:44,840 Speaker 2: meat or oil or tallow for candles. They're gonna be 507 00:27:44,920 --> 00:27:46,879 Speaker 2: kept around and they're gonna breed more and more so 508 00:27:46,920 --> 00:27:50,320 Speaker 2: that the lamas in this flock become more and more 509 00:27:50,400 --> 00:27:52,080 Speaker 2: docile generation to generation. 510 00:27:52,960 --> 00:27:55,320 Speaker 1: Yeah, amazing, And I guess that's why we have the 511 00:27:55,920 --> 00:27:58,800 Speaker 1: sort of sweet, smiley, gregarious friends that we have now. 512 00:27:58,840 --> 00:28:00,879 Speaker 2: Right exactly, You would not of wanted to meet a 513 00:28:00,920 --> 00:28:04,879 Speaker 2: lama from five thousand years ago, No, you'd black your eye. 514 00:28:05,760 --> 00:28:06,359 Speaker 1: Big trouble. 515 00:28:06,480 --> 00:28:10,080 Speaker 2: Yeah. One more thing about the wool and the flee 516 00:28:10,080 --> 00:28:13,399 Speaker 2: slow Chuck is like, while it is much coarser, although 517 00:28:13,440 --> 00:28:19,399 Speaker 2: surprisingly light, apparently the hairs themselves are hollow. They're working 518 00:28:19,440 --> 00:28:23,880 Speaker 2: on getting it back to something akin to Kashmir. It's 519 00:28:23,920 --> 00:28:27,040 Speaker 2: just going to take a very long time. But they've 520 00:28:27,119 --> 00:28:32,040 Speaker 2: kind of gone back to the traditional caregiving that they 521 00:28:32,080 --> 00:28:33,359 Speaker 2: had pre Spanish. 522 00:28:34,000 --> 00:28:34,359 Speaker 3: Awesome. 523 00:28:34,400 --> 00:28:36,359 Speaker 1: What is kashmir even? Isn't it some kind of goat? 524 00:28:36,440 --> 00:28:40,600 Speaker 1: It's a goat okay, yeah, but like a special goat right. 525 00:28:40,920 --> 00:28:44,040 Speaker 2: Well, yeah, it has Kashmir. It's pretty special and expense. 526 00:28:44,360 --> 00:28:47,240 Speaker 2: That's an expensive goat. 527 00:28:47,840 --> 00:28:49,880 Speaker 1: But what I mean is there's not just any old 528 00:28:49,880 --> 00:28:51,200 Speaker 1: goat has Kashmir. 529 00:28:50,840 --> 00:28:53,840 Speaker 2: Right, No, I don't know the kind of goat. It 530 00:28:53,920 --> 00:28:56,800 Speaker 2: might be a Kashmir goat. It probably isn't. I will 531 00:28:56,840 --> 00:28:58,360 Speaker 2: look it up while you talk about that. 532 00:28:58,960 --> 00:29:00,920 Speaker 1: Okay, sure, because mo to the goats, ie Pad, I 533 00:29:00,920 --> 00:29:03,920 Speaker 1: love them. But their hair feels like it's a horse 534 00:29:04,000 --> 00:29:05,080 Speaker 1: brush or something. 535 00:29:04,880 --> 00:29:07,520 Speaker 2: Right, and they their eyes make them look like emissaries 536 00:29:07,520 --> 00:29:12,440 Speaker 2: of Satan himself. Oh, it's true that side side waist 537 00:29:12,480 --> 00:29:15,160 Speaker 2: slit eye is very very evil looking. 538 00:29:15,840 --> 00:29:19,240 Speaker 1: Did you change or did you uh? Did you think 539 00:29:19,280 --> 00:29:22,880 Speaker 1: that before the Witch movie? Or did you even see that? 540 00:29:23,000 --> 00:29:23,640 Speaker 2: The what movie? 541 00:29:23,920 --> 00:29:24,040 Speaker 1: Oh? 542 00:29:24,120 --> 00:29:24,480 Speaker 2: The Witch? 543 00:29:24,480 --> 00:29:24,880 Speaker 1: The Witch? 544 00:29:25,560 --> 00:29:26,920 Speaker 2: Yeah, yeah, I've always thought that. 545 00:29:27,080 --> 00:29:29,040 Speaker 1: Okay, for sure, I certainly reinforced it. 546 00:29:29,560 --> 00:29:32,960 Speaker 2: Oh yeah, it knew the goat the goat population, any 547 00:29:33,000 --> 00:29:33,720 Speaker 2: favors with me? 548 00:29:34,440 --> 00:29:37,120 Speaker 1: No, cowb was the name of that guy. He had 549 00:29:37,160 --> 00:29:38,080 Speaker 1: a great name in the movie. 550 00:29:38,080 --> 00:29:39,320 Speaker 2: I can't remember the dad. 551 00:29:40,320 --> 00:29:44,680 Speaker 1: No the goat. Oh, like it was like something something 552 00:29:44,760 --> 00:29:46,480 Speaker 1: like ugly Samd, but it wasn't ugly. 553 00:29:46,240 --> 00:29:48,400 Speaker 2: SAand it was like black Billy or. 554 00:29:48,360 --> 00:29:53,560 Speaker 1: Something evil black evil bart uh uh blue Beard. 555 00:29:54,640 --> 00:29:55,360 Speaker 3: No, that's not it. 556 00:29:55,400 --> 00:29:58,360 Speaker 1: And I know people are screaming at their black filler. 557 00:29:59,120 --> 00:30:00,000 Speaker 1: Black Philip was that. 558 00:30:00,440 --> 00:30:03,360 Speaker 2: Black Philip was it. And in a double whammie of 559 00:30:03,560 --> 00:30:06,520 Speaker 2: quick research, the Kashmir goat is called the Kashmir goat. 560 00:30:07,240 --> 00:30:09,480 Speaker 2: Oh of course, And it just so turns out that 561 00:30:09,560 --> 00:30:11,120 Speaker 2: black Philip was a Kashmir goat. 562 00:30:12,240 --> 00:30:13,920 Speaker 1: Well look at this, it's all come in full circle. 563 00:30:14,080 --> 00:30:17,720 Speaker 2: That last part was a lie. Oh Black Philip isn't 564 00:30:17,920 --> 00:30:19,160 Speaker 2: He was not a Kashmir goat. 565 00:30:19,240 --> 00:30:24,200 Speaker 1: Now, Oh jeez man, that was a weird thing to 566 00:30:24,240 --> 00:30:24,800 Speaker 1: trick me over. 567 00:30:24,920 --> 00:30:27,040 Speaker 2: He just got pummeled all over the place. 568 00:30:27,120 --> 00:30:29,680 Speaker 1: Huh, I did, all right. So let's move on then, 569 00:30:29,760 --> 00:30:31,560 Speaker 1: because this, to me, we kind of saved the best 570 00:30:31,560 --> 00:30:34,560 Speaker 1: for last. As far as you know, lama's are great. 571 00:30:34,680 --> 00:30:38,200 Speaker 1: We love them. They smile, they spit, they'll carry some 572 00:30:38,200 --> 00:30:41,160 Speaker 1: stuff for you. You can go Visimita and pet those 573 00:30:41,240 --> 00:30:45,040 Speaker 1: long necks, for sure, and they're wonderful. But they are 574 00:30:45,160 --> 00:30:50,200 Speaker 1: some of the most valuable research animals around and research 575 00:30:50,280 --> 00:30:53,240 Speaker 1: animals that you can take very good care of, and 576 00:30:53,560 --> 00:30:55,680 Speaker 1: because all they need are just like small samples of 577 00:30:55,720 --> 00:30:57,040 Speaker 1: their blood for this stuff. 578 00:30:57,520 --> 00:31:01,520 Speaker 2: Yeah, And the reason why is because they're after lama antibodies, 579 00:31:02,320 --> 00:31:06,560 Speaker 2: just like we have antibodies that attack or they tag, 580 00:31:07,000 --> 00:31:10,320 Speaker 2: they destroy, they say, hey, go get this virus or 581 00:31:10,400 --> 00:31:15,280 Speaker 2: this bacteria cell over here. Antibodies fight foreign invaders in 582 00:31:15,360 --> 00:31:19,560 Speaker 2: your body while being mammals and being alive. Llamas have 583 00:31:19,680 --> 00:31:21,800 Speaker 2: the same thing. They have antibodies too, but there's a 584 00:31:22,000 --> 00:31:25,280 Speaker 2: very specific apparently llamas and sharks, and I can't remember. 585 00:31:25,320 --> 00:31:27,600 Speaker 2: There might have been something else that has these very 586 00:31:27,680 --> 00:31:32,040 Speaker 2: specific antibodies that are way tinier, way simpler, and way 587 00:31:32,120 --> 00:31:37,720 Speaker 2: more stable than the super fruity, high falutant complex antibodies 588 00:31:37,800 --> 00:31:41,520 Speaker 2: that we produce, and that makes them extraordinarily valuable because 589 00:31:41,560 --> 00:31:46,400 Speaker 2: they can target viruses and diseases that human antibodies can't. 590 00:31:47,320 --> 00:31:49,000 Speaker 1: Yeah, the camels was the other one. 591 00:31:49,120 --> 00:31:51,440 Speaker 2: Oh, no surprise, But sharks that just kind of came 592 00:31:51,520 --> 00:31:52,160 Speaker 2: out of nowhere. 593 00:31:52,840 --> 00:31:54,840 Speaker 1: Yeah, but you know what, I'm pretty sure we'd mentioned 594 00:31:54,880 --> 00:31:56,360 Speaker 1: that at some point in an episode. 595 00:31:57,400 --> 00:32:01,280 Speaker 2: I remember the horseshoe crab blood used to detect some 596 00:32:02,080 --> 00:32:04,560 Speaker 2: like it used in some medical tests, but I don't know. 597 00:32:04,920 --> 00:32:07,840 Speaker 1: She may have been one of our ill advised videos 598 00:32:07,880 --> 00:32:11,479 Speaker 1: from the old days. I'm not sure, but yeah, the lamas, 599 00:32:11,480 --> 00:32:14,760 Speaker 1: they have the antibodies that are formed in only two 600 00:32:14,960 --> 00:32:18,680 Speaker 1: long chains as opposed to the four chain antibodies that 601 00:32:18,760 --> 00:32:23,520 Speaker 1: most mammals have. And the structure has really paid dividends 602 00:32:23,520 --> 00:32:25,400 Speaker 1: in a lot of ways, and one of the biggest 603 00:32:25,440 --> 00:32:32,800 Speaker 1: ones has been to neutralize specifically HIV and specifically all 604 00:32:33,040 --> 00:32:38,440 Speaker 1: sixty HIV strains that they've tested. Those lamas have antibodies 605 00:32:38,480 --> 00:32:41,440 Speaker 1: that can work together and just neutralize that stuff. 606 00:32:41,600 --> 00:32:46,840 Speaker 2: Yeah, and here's why the antibodies are smaller. They're called well, 607 00:32:46,880 --> 00:32:49,240 Speaker 2: actually that I've seen it both ways, but I think 608 00:32:49,680 --> 00:32:54,719 Speaker 2: the antibodies that scientists create based on lama antibodies are 609 00:32:54,720 --> 00:32:58,200 Speaker 2: called nanobodies because they're very very small. Well, being small, 610 00:32:58,680 --> 00:33:02,600 Speaker 2: they can connect to receptor sites on viruses that have 611 00:33:02,800 --> 00:33:06,200 Speaker 2: very very small receptors. And humans have these large, clumsy 612 00:33:06,240 --> 00:33:09,320 Speaker 2: antibodies that just kind of slap around on the outside 613 00:33:09,360 --> 00:33:12,840 Speaker 2: of the virus cell and don't do anything. They can't 614 00:33:12,840 --> 00:33:14,840 Speaker 2: attach to it, they can't attack it, they can't keep 615 00:33:14,880 --> 00:33:18,720 Speaker 2: it from connecting with the cell. The Lama antibodies can 616 00:33:19,320 --> 00:33:21,600 Speaker 2: and HIV happens to be one of those viruses with 617 00:33:21,680 --> 00:33:24,800 Speaker 2: the very tiny receptor sites that a LAMA antibody just 618 00:33:24,880 --> 00:33:27,960 Speaker 2: goes up to and says, you're with me now. 619 00:33:29,000 --> 00:33:33,560 Speaker 1: Yeah, for sure. Also, with potentially COVID nineteen. It is 620 00:33:33,800 --> 00:33:37,720 Speaker 1: similar to HIV in the way that the nanobodies from 621 00:33:37,760 --> 00:33:42,840 Speaker 1: the LAMA can bind super tightly to that CoV two virus. Yeah, 622 00:33:43,440 --> 00:33:45,680 Speaker 1: and you know, you may be able to think a 623 00:33:45,720 --> 00:33:48,160 Speaker 1: LAMA one day for COVID progress. 624 00:33:48,360 --> 00:33:52,000 Speaker 2: Yeah, for sure. I think they've already found because COVID 625 00:33:52,120 --> 00:33:56,800 Speaker 2: is like SARS, that's right. It's also closely related to MYRS. 626 00:33:57,200 --> 00:33:59,440 Speaker 2: I think they found that that can be used for 627 00:33:59,480 --> 00:34:03,240 Speaker 2: that as well. Well. They also, it's so weird, they've 628 00:34:03,280 --> 00:34:07,840 Speaker 2: also figured out how to use these LAMA antibodies as 629 00:34:08,080 --> 00:34:12,360 Speaker 2: biological warfare detectors too, because they don't just work on viruses, 630 00:34:12,480 --> 00:34:17,839 Speaker 2: they work on bacteria as well and other biological foreign invaders. 631 00:34:18,960 --> 00:34:23,200 Speaker 1: Yeah, I mean it's remarkable. So scientists for a while 632 00:34:23,280 --> 00:34:26,640 Speaker 1: now have been working on devices. They're biosensors, so they're 633 00:34:27,120 --> 00:34:32,440 Speaker 1: you know, obviously part biological that can detect like the 634 00:34:32,640 --> 00:34:38,279 Speaker 1: very first hints of something bad going down biologically, which 635 00:34:38,320 --> 00:34:40,640 Speaker 1: is what you want. You want super early detection. And 636 00:34:40,760 --> 00:34:43,759 Speaker 1: these sensors are made up of antibodies, and you know, 637 00:34:43,840 --> 00:34:48,200 Speaker 1: in the past they were human cloned antibodies called immunoglobin 638 00:34:49,480 --> 00:34:53,080 Speaker 1: G so I little G, big g and that's what 639 00:34:53,160 --> 00:34:55,800 Speaker 1: they use. So the idea is that you know, somebody 640 00:34:55,840 --> 00:35:01,520 Speaker 1: would launch like a cholera bomb or a smallpox bomb 641 00:35:01,640 --> 00:35:04,239 Speaker 1: or something like that. That'd be so bad, it would 642 00:35:04,280 --> 00:35:07,000 Speaker 1: be really really bad, and all of a sudden, you 643 00:35:07,120 --> 00:35:10,840 Speaker 1: have this biosensor that can immediately detect that. And the 644 00:35:10,960 --> 00:35:14,960 Speaker 1: Lama biosensors work way better than the other ones. 645 00:35:15,320 --> 00:35:19,880 Speaker 2: Yeah, the human ones work in concept and I believe 646 00:35:20,000 --> 00:35:24,520 Speaker 2: like in actuality too, but they're so fragile because human 647 00:35:24,600 --> 00:35:28,440 Speaker 2: antibodies are fragile because they're complex, because they have like 648 00:35:28,680 --> 00:35:33,040 Speaker 2: heavy chains connected to light chains. They're just really fragile. 649 00:35:33,440 --> 00:35:36,920 Speaker 2: They don't hold up well in harsh environments. They just 650 00:35:37,080 --> 00:35:40,240 Speaker 2: totally fall apart at one hundred and fifty degrees sixty 651 00:35:40,280 --> 00:35:41,600 Speaker 2: five degrees celsius or more. 652 00:35:42,360 --> 00:35:43,040 Speaker 1: They're expensive. 653 00:35:43,160 --> 00:35:45,959 Speaker 2: They are very expensive to reproduce because again they're super 654 00:35:46,040 --> 00:35:50,560 Speaker 2: complicated and all of the stuff that Lama antibodies are 655 00:35:50,719 --> 00:35:54,719 Speaker 2: not compared to human antibodies make it that much more 656 00:35:55,120 --> 00:35:59,400 Speaker 2: valuable and precious in applications like this because they're simpler, 657 00:35:59,800 --> 00:36:03,560 Speaker 2: they are sturdier, and they are hardier too. They can 658 00:36:03,640 --> 00:36:07,280 Speaker 2: survive in much harsher environments. So it's like we figured 659 00:36:07,320 --> 00:36:11,520 Speaker 2: out this concept of using antibodies to detect biological warfare 660 00:36:11,880 --> 00:36:16,000 Speaker 2: in the air the moment it's launched. But we've replaced 661 00:36:16,080 --> 00:36:21,000 Speaker 2: these kind of shoddy antibodies, the human antibodies, with much sturdier, 662 00:36:21,120 --> 00:36:24,560 Speaker 2: more reliable antibodies, so we actually can do this now. 663 00:36:25,560 --> 00:36:28,480 Speaker 1: Yeah, I mean it's amazing and it's you know, you 664 00:36:28,520 --> 00:36:32,360 Speaker 1: and I are not big fans of animal research or 665 00:36:32,480 --> 00:36:36,080 Speaker 1: using animals in research like this, but from everything I saw, 666 00:36:36,239 --> 00:36:39,520 Speaker 1: this was like a pretty decent scenario where these lamas 667 00:36:39,520 --> 00:36:44,120 Speaker 1: are treated very well. They are in captivity anyway as 668 00:36:44,160 --> 00:36:47,640 Speaker 1: a species, and they're drawing, you know, just small amounts 669 00:36:47,640 --> 00:36:50,120 Speaker 1: of blood from these lamas to build this huge library. 670 00:36:50,719 --> 00:36:53,799 Speaker 1: I think they have more than a billion different they're called. 671 00:36:54,480 --> 00:36:56,960 Speaker 1: I wouldn't even know how to say that sd abs 672 00:36:57,640 --> 00:37:01,920 Speaker 1: single domain antibodies basically, And it seems like a win 673 00:37:02,000 --> 00:37:03,160 Speaker 1: win for. 674 00:37:03,200 --> 00:37:06,520 Speaker 2: Sure, because the there's so good at drawing blood that 675 00:37:06,560 --> 00:37:08,280 Speaker 2: the llamas don't even stop smiling. 676 00:37:09,080 --> 00:37:09,239 Speaker 1: Right. 677 00:37:11,000 --> 00:37:13,120 Speaker 2: One other thing I saw, if you ever see a 678 00:37:13,200 --> 00:37:17,080 Speaker 2: llama with its ears turned forward and maybe even leaning 679 00:37:17,200 --> 00:37:20,719 Speaker 2: forward a little bit, that llama is curious. It wants 680 00:37:20,760 --> 00:37:23,120 Speaker 2: to know what's going on. It wants to meet you, 681 00:37:23,200 --> 00:37:24,719 Speaker 2: It wants to hang out, you. 682 00:37:24,760 --> 00:37:28,560 Speaker 1: Know, if I'm not mistaken. Ruby went to a kid's 683 00:37:28,640 --> 00:37:32,080 Speaker 1: birthday party where you can like have farm animals on site, 684 00:37:32,920 --> 00:37:35,000 Speaker 1: and I'm pretty sure there was a lama there. 685 00:37:35,840 --> 00:37:38,440 Speaker 2: Yeah, yeah, I'm sure there was. Ever since the eighties, 686 00:37:38,520 --> 00:37:42,640 Speaker 2: like they became like a common thing in the United States. Yeah, 687 00:37:43,400 --> 00:37:45,640 Speaker 2: for my thirty fifth birthday party, you mey had a 688 00:37:45,719 --> 00:37:47,919 Speaker 2: petting zoo including a lama there. 689 00:37:48,280 --> 00:37:50,560 Speaker 1: I was there. My friend, did you ride the horse? 690 00:37:51,640 --> 00:37:55,080 Speaker 1: I didn't ride the horse, but I ate some. I mean, 691 00:37:55,120 --> 00:37:58,959 Speaker 1: if I may reveal your your catered food, is that okay? 692 00:37:59,080 --> 00:37:59,279 Speaker 2: Yeah? 693 00:38:00,320 --> 00:38:05,040 Speaker 1: You guys had McDonald's and I just remember humongous trays 694 00:38:05,160 --> 00:38:09,440 Speaker 1: of stacked cheeseburgers and trays of French fries and it 695 00:38:09,640 --> 00:38:10,879 Speaker 1: was a great, great party. 696 00:38:11,239 --> 00:38:13,799 Speaker 2: You forgot the Taco Bell tacos on another tray. 697 00:38:14,800 --> 00:38:16,239 Speaker 1: Oh, I don't know. I don't even know if I 698 00:38:16,280 --> 00:38:16,520 Speaker 1: saw this. 699 00:38:16,640 --> 00:38:19,920 Speaker 2: Yeh, there was McDonald's cheeseburgers and Taco Bell tacos and 700 00:38:20,080 --> 00:38:22,120 Speaker 2: we even borrowed the trays. We asked them if we 701 00:38:22,120 --> 00:38:24,520 Speaker 2: could borrow some trays, and we actually took them back 702 00:38:24,560 --> 00:38:25,240 Speaker 2: after the party. 703 00:38:26,200 --> 00:38:28,160 Speaker 1: That seemed like one hundred years ago. 704 00:38:28,480 --> 00:38:32,279 Speaker 2: It was maybe one hundred and fifty man so long ago. 705 00:38:32,400 --> 00:38:32,920 Speaker 1: It's good time. 706 00:38:33,000 --> 00:38:35,920 Speaker 2: So yep, good times had by all. We just had 707 00:38:36,000 --> 00:38:38,600 Speaker 2: one all together talking about Lamas. If you want to 708 00:38:38,640 --> 00:38:41,160 Speaker 2: know more about Lamas and go out and meet one. 709 00:38:42,160 --> 00:38:43,920 Speaker 2: And since I said that it's time for listener. 710 00:38:43,719 --> 00:38:48,520 Speaker 1: Mail instead of listener mail, we're going to take this 711 00:38:48,640 --> 00:38:52,399 Speaker 1: opportunity to reinforce that we are going out on tour 712 00:38:52,520 --> 00:38:52,839 Speaker 1: this year. 713 00:38:53,000 --> 00:38:54,520 Speaker 2: Oh boy, and this is it. 714 00:38:54,640 --> 00:38:56,279 Speaker 1: These are all the cities we're doing for the year. 715 00:38:56,360 --> 00:38:59,400 Speaker 1: We rarely have them all locked in this early, so 716 00:38:59,440 --> 00:39:03,319 Speaker 1: we're pretty but May twenty ninth, thirtieth, and thirty first 717 00:39:03,440 --> 00:39:07,040 Speaker 1: we'll be in Medford, mass outside of Boston, then down 718 00:39:07,160 --> 00:39:10,000 Speaker 1: to DC and then back up to New York City 719 00:39:10,040 --> 00:39:11,400 Speaker 1: finally at town Hall there. 720 00:39:11,440 --> 00:39:13,520 Speaker 2: Right, and then what about August. 721 00:39:13,719 --> 00:39:17,399 Speaker 1: August seventh, eighth, and ninth will be in Chicago, then 722 00:39:17,480 --> 00:39:20,000 Speaker 1: Minneapolis once again. We're so happy to be back there, 723 00:39:20,440 --> 00:39:23,719 Speaker 1: and we're super excited to add Indianapolis to our list 724 00:39:23,760 --> 00:39:25,960 Speaker 1: of cities that we've never been to. Yep, and then 725 00:39:26,040 --> 00:39:29,200 Speaker 1: what and they're gonna wind it all down in September 726 00:39:30,080 --> 00:39:32,560 Speaker 1: back in Durham, North Carolina at the Carolina theater there 727 00:39:32,600 --> 00:39:34,000 Speaker 1: on September. 728 00:39:33,880 --> 00:39:35,280 Speaker 2: Such a lovely places. 729 00:39:35,360 --> 00:39:37,600 Speaker 1: It was great, and then closing it out in Atlanta 730 00:39:37,640 --> 00:39:41,880 Speaker 1: once again on September seventh. And you can go to 731 00:39:42,000 --> 00:39:46,120 Speaker 1: our website, go to these venue websites to get tickets, 732 00:39:46,120 --> 00:39:49,120 Speaker 1: and as a reminder, please make sure you are only 733 00:39:49,200 --> 00:39:52,759 Speaker 1: at venue websites because a lot of times it'll just 734 00:39:52,840 --> 00:39:55,560 Speaker 1: say souff, you should know tickets. Oh here, they are 735 00:39:55,880 --> 00:39:59,080 Speaker 1: one hundred and eighty dollars. That sounds expensive if you 736 00:39:59,160 --> 00:40:01,840 Speaker 1: ever see tickets more than like I think the highest 737 00:40:01,920 --> 00:40:05,279 Speaker 1: ever is like sixty bucks or something, maybe sixty. 738 00:40:05,080 --> 00:40:07,520 Speaker 2: Five some places for like front round for face value, 739 00:40:08,000 --> 00:40:10,319 Speaker 2: like the face bell add like some of those ticket 740 00:40:10,400 --> 00:40:12,120 Speaker 2: vendors add a bunch of stuff, but like the face 741 00:40:12,239 --> 00:40:14,040 Speaker 2: value shouldn't be more than that, right. 742 00:40:14,200 --> 00:40:16,080 Speaker 1: Yeah, So if you see a ticket for more than that, 743 00:40:16,239 --> 00:40:18,640 Speaker 1: then that means you're you're not on the right website. 744 00:40:18,440 --> 00:40:22,320 Speaker 2: Or if you're required to pay only in cryptocurrency, you 745 00:40:22,440 --> 00:40:24,600 Speaker 2: might want to go to a different website too. 746 00:40:25,800 --> 00:40:27,719 Speaker 1: But we're super excited. It's a great show and we 747 00:40:27,880 --> 00:40:29,240 Speaker 1: just we can't wait to see everybody. 748 00:40:29,360 --> 00:40:31,759 Speaker 2: Yeah, come on out, everybody, If we may toot our 749 00:40:31,800 --> 00:40:34,239 Speaker 2: own horns. It is loads of fun for us, and 750 00:40:34,480 --> 00:40:37,960 Speaker 2: it seems based on how people respond for the audience 751 00:40:38,000 --> 00:40:41,399 Speaker 2: as well. Yeah, oh yes, you can go to link 752 00:40:41,480 --> 00:40:43,680 Speaker 2: tree slash sysk, or you can go to stuff you 753 00:40:43,719 --> 00:40:46,360 Speaker 2: Should Know dot com and there's all of the links 754 00:40:46,400 --> 00:40:49,120 Speaker 2: and stuff like that too, all the ticket sites and 755 00:40:49,160 --> 00:40:51,600 Speaker 2: there on sale now, so we'll see everybody for the 756 00:40:51,680 --> 00:40:52,560 Speaker 2: rest of the year. Huh. 757 00:40:53,360 --> 00:40:55,200 Speaker 1: Yeah, and now how do we end the show? I 758 00:40:55,239 --> 00:40:55,880 Speaker 1: don't even remember. 759 00:40:56,040 --> 00:40:58,000 Speaker 2: Oh yeah. If you want to get in touch with 760 00:40:58,080 --> 00:41:01,040 Speaker 2: this in the meantime, not to ask about parking or 761 00:41:01,040 --> 00:41:03,560 Speaker 2: anything like that at any of the venues, you can 762 00:41:03,640 --> 00:41:10,920 Speaker 2: email us at stuff podcast at iHeartRadio dot com. Stuff 763 00:41:10,960 --> 00:41:12,919 Speaker 2: you Should Know is a production of iHeartRadio. 764 00:41:13,440 --> 00:41:17,759 Speaker 1: For more podcasts myheart Radio, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, 765 00:41:17,920 --> 00:41:19,720 Speaker 1: or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.