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Speaker 1: This is Latino USA, the radio journal of News and Kurturre.

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Speaker 2: Latino USC Latin Latino USA.

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Speaker 1: I'm Maria Inojosa. We bring you stories that are underreported

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Speaker 1: but that mattered to you, overlooked by the rest of

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Speaker 1: the media, and while the country is struggling to deal

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Speaker 1: with these, we listen to the stories of Black and

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Speaker 1: Latino Studios United, Latino Front, a cultural renaissance organizing at

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Speaker 1: the forefront of the movement. I'm Maria Ino Jossa, No

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Speaker 1: bayan or La Latino USA. Listener, Here's an episode from

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Speaker 1: our archives. I was so happy on that September eleventh,

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Speaker 1: twenty years ago. I remember it was a slow morning

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Speaker 1: that morning because that day for CNN, I was going

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Speaker 1: to have a day off. I was going to work

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Speaker 1: that night. I was going to be able to be

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Speaker 1: with my kids. I could take them to school on

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Speaker 1: their first day. And I even woke up early enough

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Speaker 1: to go to the gym super early. I was walking

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Speaker 1: back from the gym that morning, and I had my

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Speaker 1: walkman on, Yes, a walkman. I was listening to the

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Speaker 1: radio El Vasilone La Manana. It's a raunchy kind of

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Speaker 1: morning show, shock jocks in Spanish, and a caller calls

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Speaker 1: into the radio show and she's totally freaked out. She's screaming.

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Speaker 1: She's saying that a plane has crashed into a tower

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Speaker 1: at the World Trade Center. And the jockeys, the DJs,

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Speaker 1: they're just like, yeah, yucking it up, like sure, uh huh.

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Speaker 1: And then they said, oh my god, it's true. They

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Speaker 1: heard the sirens in the background. I ran back to

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Speaker 1: my apartment, ran up five flights of stairs. CNN had

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Speaker 1: already called, and I was to go downtown to get

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Speaker 1: as close as I could to the World Trade Center.

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Speaker 1: I got on the subway and it was inside the

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Speaker 1: subway with a bunch of others, scared New Yorkers that

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Speaker 1: we realized that a second plane had hit.

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Speaker 3: Just moments ago, so maybe eighteen minutes after the first impact,

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Speaker 3: the second tower was impacted with what appeared to be

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Speaker 3: another passenger plane.

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Speaker 1: I got out of the subway or someplace around twenty

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Speaker 1: third Street, and I started walking downtown and waves of

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Speaker 1: people were already pushing their way uptown away from the

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Speaker 1: World Trade Center, and their faces were filled with trauma.

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Speaker 1: Cars basically had stopped. There was no movement, no traffic,

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Speaker 1: nowhere to go their doors were opened and their car

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Speaker 1: radios were tuned into the same radio station. It was

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Speaker 1: a news station echoing through the streets.

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Speaker 4: Ears, but they're obviously.

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Speaker 1: That's when suddenly I saw the tower fall, the first one.

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Speaker 5: I got the building, now I knew.

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Speaker 1: I started screaming.

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Speaker 6: Top Oh my god.

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Speaker 1: CNN had told me to get to Saint Vincent's Medical

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Speaker 1: Center that was just north of what would now be

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Speaker 1: known as Ground zero. I gathered outside of that hospital

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Speaker 1: with the New York Press Corps, and there was a

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Speaker 1: sea of green and white coming out of the hospital doors.

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Speaker 1: All of the nurses and doctors in their scrubs and

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Speaker 1: white sheets, put over chairs so that they were ready

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Speaker 1: to receive all of the wounded, all of the survivors.

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Speaker 1: No one came. There are a lot of questions about

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Speaker 1: you know, so where were you on September eleventh? Where

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Speaker 1: were you when it happened? What do you remember? It's

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Speaker 1: been twenty years, but that time hasn't dulled my memory.

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Speaker 1: My home was under attack that day, and I'll never

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Speaker 1: ever forget. From Utro Media and RX It's Latino, USA.

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Speaker 1: I'm mariet Inojosa. Today nine to eleven, we look at

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Speaker 1: how one catastrophic day altered the US's stance towards immigration

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Speaker 1: that would affect it for decades to come. One thing

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Speaker 1: that we all immediately knew on September eleventh, twenty years

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Speaker 1: ago was that this event was going to resonate across

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Speaker 1: time and borders. Almost three thousand people from more than

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Speaker 1: ninety countries died on that day. Thousands more are dealing

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Speaker 1: with lasting injuries, depression, and like me PTSD, including a

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Speaker 1: lot of first responders, the ground zero cleanup workers, many

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Speaker 1: of them who were undocumented, and people from the community.

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Speaker 1: But even before those physical and mental traumas really manifested

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Speaker 1: in full, very quickly, a new political reality emerged from fear.

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Speaker 1: In that moment, people found themselves willing to grant the

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Speaker 1: government control over just about anything that could be tied

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Speaker 1: back to national security, believing that was the way to

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Speaker 1: keep Americans safe from terrorism. And soon after that, the

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Speaker 1: panic over keeping the country safe evolved into an ugly

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Speaker 1: ongoing debate over yes immigration. Once again, politicians and journalists

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Speaker 1: call for the tightening of US orders, toughening up our

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Speaker 1: immigration system large and keeping people out.

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Speaker 5: The public understands that strict enforcement of immigration laws is

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Speaker 5: a very helpful way of stopping and reducing the terrorist threat.

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Speaker 7: And you cannot put those two things in the separate

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Speaker 7: boxes and deal with immigration over here in border security

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Speaker 7: over here.

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Speaker 5: I want the borders under our control.

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Speaker 7: And I don't see anything either peculiar about that or

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Speaker 7: unseemly are insensitive.

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Speaker 1: Newsrooms were under pressure to defer to pro US narratives,

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Speaker 1: and if you questioned any of this, well, that made

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Speaker 1: you an unpatriotic American. A total crackdown on refugees and

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Speaker 1: migrants would soon be underway, and this approach would inform

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Speaker 1: the US government's next major moves, including the creation of

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Speaker 1: the Department of Homeland Security, which did not exist before

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Speaker 1: September eleventh. It also led to the dismantling of the

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Speaker 1: ins the Immigration and Naturalization Service, and replacing it with

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Speaker 1: several new agencies, including ICE, immigration and Customs Enforcement. But

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Speaker 1: to really understand just how much nine to eleven changed

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Speaker 1: the entire narrative around immigration in the United States, we've

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Speaker 1: got to go back a bit further. Our producer Alejandra s.

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Speaker 1: Aasad is going to take it from here.

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Speaker 5: The first year of the New Millennium was one for

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Speaker 5: the history books after surviving the y two K computer scare,

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Speaker 5: we had the Sydney Summer Olympics.

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Speaker 8: More than ten thousand athletes with the Olympic Games have

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Speaker 8: come down under.

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Speaker 5: The premiere of the hit reality series Survivor, the first

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Speaker 5: crew to live on the International Space Station one lift

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Speaker 5: off of.

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Speaker 2: The Soyer's rocket, beginning the first expedition to the International space.

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Speaker 5: And also in two thousand new US Census, the National

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Speaker 5: Survey determined that more than two hundred and eighty one

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Speaker 5: million people lived in this country, the largest number in

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Speaker 5: its history up to that point, and in November, following

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Speaker 5: a historically close and contentious election.

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Speaker 9: By stand by, CNN right now is moving our earlier

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Speaker 9: declaration of Florida back to the too close to cole column. Ah,

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Speaker 9: this no longer is a victory four or Vice President Gore.

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Speaker 4: Just moments ago, I spoke with George W.

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Speaker 9: Bush and congratulated him on becoming the forty third president

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Speaker 9: of the United States.

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Speaker 2: Thirty seven days after Americans went to the polls, and

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Speaker 2: now we have a winner.

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Speaker 5: Now it can be said President elect Bush. Bush was

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Speaker 5: elected with thirty five percent of the Latino vote, the

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Speaker 5: highest LATINX turnout for Republican since Ronald Reagan in nineteen

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Speaker 5: eighty four, and this was pretty significant. The Latino population

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Speaker 5: had expanded by more than fifty percent over the last

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Speaker 5: decade to more than thirty five million people. Latinos represented

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Speaker 5: a rapidly growing voter block that couldn't be easily ignored anymore.

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Speaker 5: Capitalizing on this political moment, the Bush administration introduced an

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Speaker 5: agenda that indicated pro immigration reform was in the works,

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Speaker 5: especially to help and benefit Mexicans. As the former governor

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Speaker 5: of Texas, Bush had developed a friendly relationship with then

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Speaker 5: Mexican President. We sent the fox that continued into his presidency.

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Speaker 10: President, I want you to know that we consider you

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Speaker 10: a friend of Mexico, a friend of Mexican people, in

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Speaker 10: a friend of mine.

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Speaker 5: In February two thousand and one, a joint US Mexico

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Speaker 5: panel released recommendations for future immigration policy, including streamlining the

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Speaker 5: process for Mexicans to attain visas and legal status in

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Speaker 5: the US.

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Speaker 11: We exchanged ideas about safe and orderly migration, a policy

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Speaker 11: that respects individuals on both sides.

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Speaker 5: Of the border, and according to reports from July two

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Speaker 5: thousand and one, the White House was even considering offering

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Speaker 5: permanent residency to undocumented Mexicans in the US. This move

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Speaker 5: would have dramatically changed the lives of more than three

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Speaker 5: million people in this country. That summer, Congress was deliberating

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Speaker 5: several bills to offer protections and citizenship opportunities to immigrant

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Speaker 5: farm workers, but come fall the bills were shelved. Nine

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Speaker 5: to eleven had ushered in a new political atmosphere where

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Speaker 5: pro immigrant legislation just didn't stand a chance. Instead, issues

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Speaker 5: like securing borders and gathering intelligence became top priorities. For example,

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Speaker 5: the Transportation Security Administration was created TSA. It also came

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Speaker 5: with the new airport screening rules. That's why you have

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Speaker 5: to take off your shoes at security or X rayal

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Speaker 5: your electronics. The US Patriot Act was passed only forty

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Speaker 5: five days after the attacks. It gave the government power

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Speaker 5: to monitor your phone records and your Internet use, and

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Speaker 5: access your personal records like individual finances. This was all

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Speaker 5: done in the name of fighting terrorism. Nine to eleven

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Speaker 5: also normalized anti immigrant attitudes on a national scale. The

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Speaker 5: nineteen hijackers behind nine to eleven were all from Middle

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Speaker 5: Eastern countries, and several arrived in the US while before

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Speaker 5: the attacks, the idea that people born outside of this

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Speaker 5: country could become its biggest threat turned into a mainstream

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Speaker 5: policy priority almost overnight.

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Speaker 2: Donald J.

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Speaker 12: Trump is calling for a total and complete shutdown of

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Speaker 12: Muslims entering the United States until our countries resent.

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Speaker 5: Remember Donald Trump's Muslim ban just four years ago?

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Speaker 10: What the hell is going on?

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Speaker 5: One of the most obvious precedents for it was the

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Speaker 5: Bush administrations National Security Entree Exit Registration System end SEERS

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Speaker 5: for short. It was established within a year of nine

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Speaker 5: to eleven.

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Speaker 13: It was a special registration program for certain individuals that

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Speaker 13: came from countries that had a historic tie to terrorism.

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Speaker 13: We just had to give closer scrutiny to those individuals

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Speaker 13: to make sure they had legitimate travel to the United States.

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Speaker 5: For nearly a decade, non citizens entering the US had

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Speaker 5: to register with the federal government. That meant giving their fingerprints, photos,

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Speaker 5: and submitting to interrogation. They were monitored by immigration officials

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Speaker 5: and tracked to make sure they left the country as intended.

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Speaker 5: Overstaying their visas meant arrests, fines, and deportations. All men

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Speaker 5: sixteen years in older from a list of twenty five

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Speaker 5: countries were forced to participate in the nciers program. Twenty

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Speaker 5: four of those countries were a majority Muslim, including Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, Egypt,

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Speaker 5: and the United Arab Emirates. The four countries that the

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Speaker 5: nine eleven high jackers were from, over eighty thousand men

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Speaker 5: and boys were registered and more than thirteen thousand were

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Speaker 5: put in the pipeline for deportation. Now, this endeavor ultimately failed.

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Speaker 5: The program didn't result in a single terrorism related conviction,

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Speaker 5: not one. En SEARS was suspended in twenty eleven and

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Speaker 5: ended in twenty sixteen under the Obama administration.

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Speaker 2: Obama's move comes only one day after Donald Trump appeared

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Speaker 2: to reiterate his pledge to reinstate this very registry when

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Speaker 2: answering a question from a For the.

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Speaker 5: Past twenty years, immigration and terrorism have been handled within

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Speaker 5: the same federal organization. Not even a month after nine

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Speaker 5: to eleven, the Bush administration created the Office of Homeland Security.

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Speaker 5: It became a cabinet level department a year later with

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Speaker 5: the passage of the Homeland Security Act.

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Speaker 11: The Homeland Security Act of two thousand and two takes

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Speaker 11: the next critical steps in defending our country continuing threat

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Speaker 11: of terrorism. The threat of mass murder on our own

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Speaker 11: soil will be met with a unified, effective response. Dozens

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Speaker 11: of agencies charged with homeland security will now be located within.

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Speaker 5: One DHS is huge, with twenty two agencies under its purview,

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Speaker 5: and its responsibilities are vast. DHS is in charge of

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Speaker 5: national cybersecurity, the Coastguard, the Secret Service, and the Countering

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Speaker 5: Weapons of Mass Destruction Office, just to name a few.

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Speaker 5: But this is also the same department that processes and

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Speaker 5: police's new immigrants to the United States. Immigration and Customs

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Speaker 5: Enforcement aka ICE didn't exist until two thousand and two.

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Speaker 5: It's also a part of DHS. The agency's responsibilities include

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Speaker 5: enforcing border security, regulating immigration, and removing quote criminal non

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Speaker 5: city from the United States. In the name of national security.

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Speaker 5: Immigrants would be formally recorded, fetted, tracked, detained, held in

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Speaker 5: legal limbo for decades, and subject to brutality and mistreatment

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Speaker 5: at the hands of enforcement officers. This isn't to say

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Speaker 5: that immigration enforcement wasn't happening before nine to eleven, but

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Speaker 5: with all these new security policies and agencies, immigrants became

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Speaker 5: obvious mainstream targets.

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Speaker 14: ICE will attack thousands of families, separating children from parents.

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Speaker 13: Passionate protesters today in Chicago joined those in cities around

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Speaker 13: the nation.

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Speaker 5: ICE has only become more powerful over the years, with

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Speaker 5: record level detainments and deportations over the past decade under

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Speaker 5: the Obama and Trump administrations.

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Speaker 15: You know, let's just remember that the largest deportation happened

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Speaker 15: under President Obama. There are many critics called them the

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Speaker 15: deporter in Chief, and that was something like four hundred thousand.

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Speaker 15: So when you're talking about millions here, it is unprecedented.

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Speaker 16: Several loud and angry protests were held across the country

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Speaker 16: today of a President Trump's decision to start immigration raids tomorrow.

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Speaker 5: And the entire reason for its existence is based on

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Speaker 5: a single idea that immigrants pose an ongoing threat to

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Speaker 5: this country, an idea that was crystallized after nine to

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Speaker 5: eleven and that we're still grappling with to this day.

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Speaker 1: Coming up on Latino USA, more on the repercussions of

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Speaker 1: the nine to eleven attacks on immigrant communities, and we

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Speaker 1: learn about real ID, a seemingly innocuous federal legislation that

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Speaker 1: risks pushing hundreds of thousands of undocumented drivers into a

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Speaker 1: colliding path with ICE. Stay with US. Yes, hey, we're back.

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Speaker 1: Before the break, we heard about the creation of the

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Speaker 1: Department of Homeland Security, but that was just the beginning.

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Speaker 1: The police which followed, under the guise of securing the nation,

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Speaker 1: would infiltrate numerous aspects of local and federal governance, including

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Speaker 1: states departments of motor vehicles. But at the other end

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Speaker 1: of the new quote unquote anti terrorism policies, the people

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Speaker 1: most affected would once again be immigrant families. So how

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Speaker 1: did September eleventh pave the way for something known as

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Speaker 1: the Real id? Latino USA producer Julieta Martinelli is going

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Speaker 1: to pick up the story from here.

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Speaker 14: In August two thousand and eight, Sulema, my mom received

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Speaker 14: a letter in the mail. I was living a few

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Speaker 14: blocks away at the time, and she called me immediately.

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Speaker 12: My friend Chui had got a letter before me, so

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Speaker 12: I knew that it might happen.

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Speaker 5: To me too.

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Speaker 14: The letter came from the Department of Drivers Services in Georgia,

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Speaker 14: where we had lived since nineteen ninety seven, when my mom,

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Speaker 14: my older brother, and I immigrated from Argentina. We knew

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Speaker 14: immediately it was bad news. The letter said that her

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Speaker 14: license was about to expire. Georgia at the time granted

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Speaker 14: driver's licenses for ten years. My mom had gotten hers

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Speaker 14: in ninety eight when she still had a tourist visa.

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Speaker 14: Just months after arriving. The letter said in order to

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Speaker 14: renew it she would need to go to the DMB

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Speaker 14: and provide documents proving that she was living legally in

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Speaker 14: the US.

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Speaker 12: It was like the end of the world because I

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Speaker 12: knew that there was no way I could provide that number.

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Speaker 14: The problem was, for nearly eleven years we've lived in

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Speaker 14: the US undocumented.

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Speaker 12: You feel like the will is opening on your feet

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Speaker 12: because you know sheen there on since we are going

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Speaker 12: to be different, and it felt really very bad now.

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Speaker 14: Being undocumented affected our daily lives in endless ways. We

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Speaker 14: couldn't travel, we hadn't seen our family in years, and

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Speaker 14: just a couple of years earlier, my mom had gotten

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Speaker 14: laid off. I couldn't even go to college at the time,

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Speaker 14: but I had managed to get hired as an intern

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Speaker 14: at a Spanish language newspaper, and there I had been

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Speaker 14: trained to be a reporter. I was actually working two

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Speaker 14: jobs at the newspaper during the day, and when I

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Speaker 14: got off, I would work until four am as a

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Speaker 14: shift manager. At a nearby taco bill. Working with questionable

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Speaker 14: paperwork meant you had to take what was available. Often

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Speaker 14: your bosses knew that too, and your wages reflected that.

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Speaker 14: But my mom being able to drive in suburban Georgia

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Speaker 14: was huge and necessary. There was just one train line

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Speaker 14: to Atlanta, which required a twenty minute drive to the

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Speaker 14: station from our house, and the spotty at best public

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Speaker 14: bus system. A driver license meant that she could drive

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Speaker 14: to clean houses daily, that she wouldn't need to work

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Speaker 14: for someone else, that she could go and get groceries

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Speaker 14: to the park on the weekends. Think of how often

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Speaker 14: you show your ID and your daily life to travel,

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Speaker 14: to walk into a bar, even to buy cough syrup

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Speaker 14: at the pharmacy. But more importantly, it meant she could

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Speaker 14: register her car, she could get insurance. She was a

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Speaker 14: lifeline for our family.

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Speaker 12: It was a risk that we had to run. There

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Speaker 12: was no other way. If it was like put your

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Speaker 12: life in a permanent stop if you couldn't drive. We

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Speaker 12: decided to go on because we came to this country

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Speaker 12: to work to improve.

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Speaker 14: Like my mom, non citizen drivers all over the state

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Speaker 14: with licenses set to expire that year received similar letters

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Speaker 14: in two thousand and three, Georgia had started to verify

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Speaker 14: the legal status of all applicants by requiring immigration paperwork

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Speaker 14: and running it through various data. That's why my brother

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Speaker 14: and I had never been able to apply for a license.

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Speaker 14: We were just too young before the cutoff. But my

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Speaker 14: mom was one of the last holdouts, people who had

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Speaker 14: received their driver's licenses before the state's more stringent policies.

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Speaker 14: Plus Georgia was streamlining. On January first, two thousand and eight,

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Speaker 14: the Georgia Department of Driver's Services officially began using a

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Speaker 14: program called Safe. It was used to confirm people's identities

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Speaker 14: and lawful presence in the country in order to grant

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Speaker 14: driver's licenses. Save was a program created by USCIS. That's

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Speaker 14: the US Citizenship and Immigration Services, the agency that administers

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Speaker 14: the country's naturalization and immigration system. It too, lives under

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Speaker 14: the purview of the overreaching Department of Homeland Security. That

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Speaker 14: was supposed to make things faster and more accurate instead

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Speaker 14: of running names and socials through several databases. This was

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Speaker 14: the future all in one. Around the same time, the

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Speaker 14: Georgia legislature began considering a bill to make driving while

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Speaker 14: unlicensed a felony. A felony, any felony would later need

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Speaker 14: to be disclosed to USCIS if an opportunity ever arose

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Speaker 14: to legalize status.

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Speaker 12: It was scary, It was really scary, and we were

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Speaker 12: running like playing hide and seek. That was it with

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Speaker 12: the police, with the immigration things. It was very hard time.

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Speaker 14: By the end of two thousand and eight, my mom

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Speaker 14: was on her first of many years driving unlicensed, and

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Speaker 14: so was I but neither of us realized just how

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Speaker 14: tired what was happening in our present was to an

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Speaker 14: event that had shaken the whole nation nearly a decade earlier.

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Speaker 14: This wasn't just Georgia being Georgia. It was happening across

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Speaker 14: the nation. But how was life before ninety eleven changed

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Speaker 14: it completely? Things weren't all that better. There were thousands

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Speaker 14: of undocumented people like me and my family who were

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Speaker 14: living in states that did not grant driver's licenses. Some

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Speaker 14: of them traveled to states like Washington, North Carolina, or Tennessee,

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Speaker 14: where proof of legal status was not necessary. There you

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Speaker 14: could get a driver's license and register your vehicle so

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Speaker 14: you had a valid tag. In other states, undocumented people

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Speaker 14: had been able to access driver's licenses using other documents,

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Speaker 14: sometimes borrowing a friend's address. In other places, like Virginia,

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Speaker 14: the state allowed waivers that identified residant drivers as non

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Speaker 14: citizens but still allow them to legally drive. The American

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Speaker 14: Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators, which represents the state agencies

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Speaker 14: that issue licenses, had even begun urging Congress to issue

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Speaker 14: uniform rules regarding the granting of licenses to undocumented people

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Speaker 14: instead of leaving it to each state, and there were

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Speaker 14: a lot of good reasons to do it.

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Speaker 9: More than ten other states already allow it, and advocates

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Speaker 9: say it would make the road safer and raise millions

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Speaker 9: of dollars in revenue.

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Speaker 17: It would be good for the state, good for the

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Speaker 17: undocumented individuals who could get the licenses, good for safety,

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Speaker 17: good for revenue, which is in a way those leaves.

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Speaker 14: And some states were making progress. In the summer of

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Speaker 14: two thousand and one, The New York Times reported that

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Speaker 14: the Hispanic liaison to the New York County government had

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Speaker 14: asked the DMB to accept the individual Taxpayer Identification Number,

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Speaker 14: which is issued by the IRS on applications for licenses.

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Speaker 14: While undocumented people in places like New York City were

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Speaker 14: close to finally being able to get legal IDs and

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Speaker 14: driver's licenses. September eleven ended those conversations completely. Immediately after

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Speaker 14: the terrorist attacks, as information trickled out slowly, the twenty

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Speaker 14: four hour news cycle was dominated by stories of the

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Speaker 14: terrorists who had been able to do what they did

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Speaker 14: because they had been able to obtain legal identifications.

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Speaker 7: This terrorist attack did fly to Boston from Portland, Maine,

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Speaker 7: and interestingly enough, they used New Jersey driver's license as identification.

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Speaker 14: Sixteen of the nineteen terrorists held ballid driver's licenses or

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Speaker 14: identification cars from states including Virginia and Florida. These documents

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Speaker 14: had enabled them to board planes, open bank accounts, and

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Speaker 14: rent apartments. The federal government was under mounting pressure to

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Speaker 14: publicly address this quote vulnerability in the system.

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Speaker 16: The nine to eleven Commission noted all but one of

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Speaker 16: the nine to eleven Commission hijackers acquired some form of

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Speaker 16: US identification document, some by fraud. Acquisition of these forms

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Speaker 16: of identification would have assisted them in boarding commercial flights,

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Speaker 16: renting cars, and other necessary activities.

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Speaker 4: That's the commission report.

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Speaker 14: In the following two years, nearly every state with potential

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Speaker 14: gaps took measures to toughen its roles. A traumatized nation

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Speaker 14: needed some semblance of security of control, and this was

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Speaker 14: one of the things the government could actually tell citizens

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Speaker 14: that they were trying to reign in. Initially, politicians began

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Speaker 14: calling out for a national database so that policies mirrored

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Speaker 14: each other's state to state, but issuing of identification cards

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Speaker 14: false under state legislation, so the federal government could not

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Speaker 14: take over and force an uniform set of guidelines. That Congress,

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Speaker 14: the real ID Act of two thousand and five, was

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Speaker 14: passed with bipartisan support. It found a way to force

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Speaker 14: states to update their laws by mandating that DMBs require

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Speaker 14: a proof of citizenship to grant real ID driver's licenses

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Speaker 14: and ID cards, among other measures, Applicants would have to

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Speaker 14: prove their legal status by showing documents like a US passport,

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Speaker 14: a Social Security card, or even a Green card. This

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Speaker 14: was a huge blow to undocumented people because it meant

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Speaker 14: the federal government had succeeded in forcing the hand of

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Speaker 14: states that had at least been friendly, and was empowering

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Speaker 14: the states that hadn't, like Georgia, to restrict access even further.

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Speaker 17: This is talk of the nation. I'm neil Conan in Washington.

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Speaker 17: Members of Congress have also taken up the issue. In February,

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Speaker 17: a provision known as real ID passed in the House

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Speaker 17: of Representatives. It would impose federal standards on driver's licenses

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Speaker 17: and also make it harder for emigrats to seek asylum.

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Speaker 14: Real ideas are simply identifications that have passed a quote

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Speaker 14: higher level of security. People's data has been checked against

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Speaker 14: a number of federal databases to house information about the applicants.

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Speaker 14: The legislation made it so that the real ideas would

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Speaker 14: eventually become mandatory for people who want to access federal facilities,

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Speaker 14: board federally regulated airplanes, and enter nuclear power plants. Any

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Speaker 14: state that did not comply with the minimum regulations could

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Speaker 14: still provide drivers' licenses to their residents, but by a

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Speaker 14: set period of time when the law would go into effect,

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Speaker 14: those citizens would be blocked from accessing these federal really

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Speaker 14: controlled areas. Of course, the one most people cared about

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Speaker 14: was the ability to fly. I mean, imagine you show

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Speaker 14: up at the airport to spend Christmas with your family,

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Speaker 14: or maybe to attend the friend's wedding in another state,

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Speaker 14: and a tsagent tells you, oh, well, your driver's license

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Speaker 14: is from New York, so you're not allowed to fly.

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Speaker 14: This was really what forced all fifty states to start

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Speaker 14: complying with real Idea legislation. But it was hard and expensive.

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Speaker 14: Although there was a lot of pushback from states who

439
00:29:34,760 --> 00:29:37,360
Speaker 14: did not want the federal government to shape their laws,

440
00:29:37,640 --> 00:29:41,360
Speaker 14: changes were eminent, and back home, something else was happening.

441
00:29:41,360 --> 00:29:42,120
Speaker 14: At the same time.

442
00:29:43,520 --> 00:29:49,640
Speaker 12: There were tons of police cars, like thirty or forty

443
00:29:49,640 --> 00:29:54,360
Speaker 12: police cars in a very in the street, and then

444
00:29:54,720 --> 00:29:58,600
Speaker 12: big bus is picking up people from their cars and

445
00:29:58,640 --> 00:30:01,680
Speaker 12: taking them into the bus to take them to the prism.

446
00:30:03,240 --> 00:30:06,000
Speaker 12: And that was just because it didn't have a drivers license.

447
00:30:06,240 --> 00:30:08,680
Speaker 14: In two thousand and nine, the year after my mom

448
00:30:08,720 --> 00:30:11,960
Speaker 14: began driving un licensed, there was a new boogeyman. It

449
00:30:12,080 --> 00:30:15,360
Speaker 14: was no longer just about dodging police cruisers that hit

450
00:30:15,480 --> 00:30:19,040
Speaker 14: behind bushes or staked out drivers at the bottom of hills.

451
00:30:19,360 --> 00:30:21,280
Speaker 14: It was the beginning of the roadblocks.

452
00:30:21,480 --> 00:30:22,720
Speaker 2: Remember the roadblocks?

453
00:30:22,920 --> 00:30:26,880
Speaker 12: Yeah, all the time, all the time. That was crazy.

454
00:30:27,400 --> 00:30:30,520
Speaker 12: That time was so difficult. But the good thing that

455
00:30:30,560 --> 00:30:34,480
Speaker 12: I remember is that our people got organized. They we

456
00:30:34,680 --> 00:30:37,280
Speaker 12: text each other and we knew that there was a

457
00:30:37,360 --> 00:30:40,240
Speaker 12: roadblock over that area. So I called to my husband

458
00:30:40,240 --> 00:30:42,280
Speaker 12: and say, hey, don't go to that street because there

459
00:30:42,320 --> 00:30:43,080
Speaker 12: is a road block.

460
00:30:43,520 --> 00:30:46,040
Speaker 14: Two eighty seven G it was a new program, a

461
00:30:46,080 --> 00:30:50,360
Speaker 14: collaboration between local police department and ICE. Anyone who was

462
00:30:50,440 --> 00:30:53,600
Speaker 14: arrested and booked into a local jail that participated in

463
00:30:53,640 --> 00:30:57,400
Speaker 14: the program would have their legal status checked immediately. If

464
00:30:57,440 --> 00:31:00,760
Speaker 14: they were undocumented, they would be referred to ICE, and

465
00:31:00,800 --> 00:31:03,640
Speaker 14: if ICE confirmed they were not here legally, they could

466
00:31:03,640 --> 00:31:08,720
Speaker 14: be put into deportation proceedings. In Winnett County, where I

467
00:31:08,760 --> 00:31:11,440
Speaker 14: grew up, the local sheriff joined to eighty seven G.

468
00:31:12,040 --> 00:31:15,520
Speaker 14: It effectively granted his deputies the power of ICE agents.

469
00:31:15,960 --> 00:31:18,959
Speaker 14: The county jail could detain immigrants on federal retainers.

470
00:31:19,160 --> 00:31:22,680
Speaker 18: A message that's being sent loud and clear in Gwinnette County.

471
00:31:22,760 --> 00:31:25,080
Speaker 18: If you are in the country illegally and you commit

472
00:31:25,160 --> 00:31:28,240
Speaker 18: a crime, you could be deported. The program called two

473
00:31:28,280 --> 00:31:31,280
Speaker 18: eighty seven G was just approved and it has people

474
00:31:31,320 --> 00:31:34,040
Speaker 18: on both sides of the immigration debate sounding off.

475
00:31:34,520 --> 00:31:38,360
Speaker 14: So close was that partnership that the Winnette County Detention

476
00:31:38,480 --> 00:31:41,720
Speaker 14: Center allowed ICE agents to install an office in there.

477
00:31:42,240 --> 00:31:46,280
Speaker 14: That meant every second counted when a loved one was arrested.

478
00:31:46,520 --> 00:31:47,760
Speaker 5: Everyone mobilized.

479
00:31:48,080 --> 00:31:50,560
Speaker 14: You had to get the money immediately, have someone with

480
00:31:50,600 --> 00:31:52,520
Speaker 14: a legal idea on call who could show up at

481
00:31:52,560 --> 00:31:55,760
Speaker 14: the jail and bond the person out as quickly as possible.

482
00:31:56,280 --> 00:31:58,840
Speaker 14: If you took too long, maybe because you didn't have

483
00:31:58,960 --> 00:32:02,760
Speaker 14: thousands of dollars disposal, it could be too late. A

484
00:32:02,800 --> 00:32:07,320
Speaker 14: traffic infraction like driving on unexpired license could and often.

485
00:32:07,040 --> 00:32:08,240
Speaker 2: Did get undocumented.

486
00:32:08,280 --> 00:32:12,040
Speaker 14: People reported in fact well ICE holds and when I

487
00:32:12,200 --> 00:32:15,960
Speaker 14: peaked in twenty twelve, a Mother Jones investigation found that

488
00:32:16,120 --> 00:32:21,320
Speaker 14: still between twenty seventeen and July twenty nineteen, the primary

489
00:32:21,400 --> 00:32:23,920
Speaker 14: charge for nearly half of the people held for ICE

490
00:32:23,960 --> 00:32:26,600
Speaker 14: at the Winnett County Jail was for driving without a

491
00:32:26,640 --> 00:32:29,360
Speaker 14: license or another minor traffic violation.

492
00:32:29,720 --> 00:32:32,719
Speaker 12: So it's much scary because we feel that it was

493
00:32:33,080 --> 00:32:39,160
Speaker 12: never ending, never ending. It was any time close to

494
00:32:39,400 --> 00:32:42,000
Speaker 12: where you were going to sleep, and then you received

495
00:32:42,000 --> 00:32:45,200
Speaker 12: the message saying there is a blockage in such or

496
00:32:45,440 --> 00:32:49,640
Speaker 12: that street, and I remember we just went to work,

497
00:32:50,560 --> 00:32:54,479
Speaker 12: and we didn't go to the store unless you really

498
00:32:54,560 --> 00:32:58,480
Speaker 12: need it, because the most what you wanted to get

499
00:32:59,000 --> 00:33:01,320
Speaker 12: is just get hold, get home.

500
00:33:02,040 --> 00:33:05,640
Speaker 14: It was so prevalent that eventually everyone in my household

501
00:33:05,720 --> 00:33:08,320
Speaker 14: had been bought at Winna County Jail at least once.

502
00:33:08,840 --> 00:33:11,280
Speaker 14: I remember the first time you ever got pulled over,

503
00:33:11,720 --> 00:33:13,240
Speaker 14: and I remember I cried.

504
00:33:13,160 --> 00:33:16,800
Speaker 12: No, no, that was awful. That was an awful day.

505
00:33:17,480 --> 00:33:20,120
Speaker 12: That day was a morning that I went. I used

506
00:33:20,160 --> 00:33:24,080
Speaker 12: to go to one client that I cleaned her house,

507
00:33:24,120 --> 00:33:27,160
Speaker 12: but she was always asking me to iron for her.

508
00:33:27,520 --> 00:33:29,880
Speaker 12: And I remember I was passing next to the lake

509
00:33:29,960 --> 00:33:32,120
Speaker 12: and I was looking at the lake, and I said,

510
00:33:32,280 --> 00:33:34,920
Speaker 12: what such a beautiful morning. And when I looked, I

511
00:33:34,960 --> 00:33:38,760
Speaker 12: saw police stopping me because I was really speeding. I

512
00:33:38,800 --> 00:33:41,680
Speaker 12: didn't realize it was twenty five that area and I

513
00:33:41,840 --> 00:33:44,800
Speaker 12: was thirty. They told me, well, I'm sorry, ma'am. Put

514
00:33:44,840 --> 00:33:49,400
Speaker 12: your hands behind and I felt so bad at that moment.

515
00:33:50,720 --> 00:33:53,200
Speaker 14: We were lucky though all of us were out in time,

516
00:33:53,440 --> 00:33:55,800
Speaker 14: but not everyone in our community could say that.

517
00:34:00,000 --> 00:34:03,440
Speaker 19: This month, human rights groups came together to urge Georgia

518
00:34:03,480 --> 00:34:05,320
Speaker 19: counties to end the program.

519
00:34:05,560 --> 00:34:10,360
Speaker 20: Two eighty seven G serves our deportation pipeline where thousands

520
00:34:10,360 --> 00:34:14,920
Speaker 20: of immigrants and refugees are being deported, breaking families apart.

521
00:34:14,719 --> 00:34:19,040
Speaker 19: And opponents of twoity seven GC the agreement causes mistrust

522
00:34:19,280 --> 00:34:21,800
Speaker 19: between the community and local law enforcement.

523
00:34:22,120 --> 00:34:25,640
Speaker 14: Real ID, which began as a way to tighten ID laws,

524
00:34:25,800 --> 00:34:29,360
Speaker 14: once coupled with other policies, actually opened the path for

525
00:34:29,440 --> 00:34:34,720
Speaker 14: increased immigration enforcement and deportations. In many places. It turned

526
00:34:34,719 --> 00:34:40,320
Speaker 14: people into criminals. Moms, dads deals. Now they all had records,

527
00:34:40,400 --> 00:34:42,880
Speaker 14: their names were in the system. They'd all been in

528
00:34:42,880 --> 00:34:48,759
Speaker 14: a cell. Any brush with the government was dangerous. I

529
00:34:48,800 --> 00:34:50,960
Speaker 14: mean that was the first thing I learned when we

530
00:34:51,000 --> 00:34:54,719
Speaker 14: came to the US. LAYLO, don't call attention to yourself.

531
00:34:55,320 --> 00:34:58,640
Speaker 14: But real ID pushed into the light many undocumented people

532
00:34:58,640 --> 00:35:02,520
Speaker 14: who otherwise would have never had contact with police or DHS.

533
00:35:03,040 --> 00:35:06,200
Speaker 14: It stopped people from applying for jobs, going to school,

534
00:35:06,440 --> 00:35:11,000
Speaker 14: accessing needed resources, you name it. Something as innocuous as

535
00:35:11,040 --> 00:35:14,120
Speaker 14: calling the police because you witnessed the crime became scary.

536
00:35:14,640 --> 00:35:17,799
Speaker 14: Any contact with police could change your life. It made

537
00:35:17,920 --> 00:35:23,840
Speaker 14: everyone unsafe. Nearly a decade after September eleven, the counseling

538
00:35:23,880 --> 00:35:27,280
Speaker 14: of driver's licenses and the decision of local police departments

539
00:35:27,320 --> 00:35:30,239
Speaker 14: across the country to participate in two eighty seven g

540
00:35:30,760 --> 00:35:34,160
Speaker 14: cost a perfect storm, and communities like mine, people who

541
00:35:34,200 --> 00:35:36,399
Speaker 14: lost their ability to work were at the same time

542
00:35:36,440 --> 00:35:40,400
Speaker 14: faced with a number of growing raids and roadblocks. Often

543
00:35:40,480 --> 00:35:43,000
Speaker 14: on the way home from work, we would get phone calls.

544
00:35:43,840 --> 00:35:47,360
Speaker 14: Police said it was all about public safety, but everyone

545
00:35:47,440 --> 00:35:50,000
Speaker 14: knew they were out looking for us. It became like

546
00:35:50,040 --> 00:35:58,400
Speaker 14: a game of chicken with really high stakes. That anxiety,

547
00:35:58,600 --> 00:36:02,560
Speaker 14: in many ways became a base. It's just how things were.

548
00:36:03,320 --> 00:36:08,120
Speaker 14: The fear never really goes away, It just dolls. See,

549
00:36:08,320 --> 00:36:09,800
Speaker 14: you get choosed to the situation.

550
00:36:10,080 --> 00:36:15,200
Speaker 12: You feel that everything is in ormal and until something

551
00:36:15,280 --> 00:36:18,560
Speaker 12: bad happens, and then is when it comes the end

552
00:36:18,600 --> 00:36:20,120
Speaker 12: of the world for the family.

553
00:36:20,600 --> 00:36:24,000
Speaker 14: My older brother, after a number of arrests, unexhausted from

554
00:36:24,000 --> 00:36:26,920
Speaker 14: the constant risk, decided to go back to Argentina in

555
00:36:26,960 --> 00:36:30,360
Speaker 14: twenty fourteen. My mom, who had experienced the pain of

556
00:36:30,400 --> 00:36:33,319
Speaker 14: being away from her parents for over a decade, now

557
00:36:33,400 --> 00:36:35,879
Speaker 14: had to learn to be away from her son and

558
00:36:35,960 --> 00:36:39,440
Speaker 14: her only grandkids. My brother couldn't return to the US,

559
00:36:39,640 --> 00:36:42,760
Speaker 14: my mom couldn't go to Argentina. It was yet another

560
00:36:42,840 --> 00:36:49,200
Speaker 14: separation in our family. If nine to eleven was an

561
00:36:49,239 --> 00:36:53,400
Speaker 14: atomic bomb that caused so much pain and destruction on impact,

562
00:36:53,640 --> 00:36:57,400
Speaker 14: what came after was the radiation that infested but couldn't

563
00:36:57,440 --> 00:37:02,400
Speaker 14: be seen, the deadly repercussions that hit, the unseen, the law,

564
00:37:02,760 --> 00:37:06,319
Speaker 14: the persecution, the laws. There was no way to know

565
00:37:06,400 --> 00:37:09,560
Speaker 14: when it would end, if it would end. Each day

566
00:37:09,719 --> 00:37:13,120
Speaker 14: the waves kept coming, and most of us just try

567
00:37:13,160 --> 00:37:19,760
Speaker 14: to stay afloat when it has two claims to fame.

568
00:37:19,920 --> 00:37:21,920
Speaker 14: I always tell people that when they ask me where

569
00:37:21,960 --> 00:37:27,120
Speaker 14: I'm from, it's where the migos are from. And for

570
00:37:27,280 --> 00:37:29,880
Speaker 14: years it was the county with the most two eighty

571
00:37:29,920 --> 00:37:35,200
Speaker 14: seven g iceholds in the nation. It's been sixteen years

572
00:37:35,360 --> 00:37:39,160
Speaker 14: and the national implementation of real ID has repeatedly been delayed,

573
00:37:39,719 --> 00:37:42,040
Speaker 14: the last time in twenty twenty due to the COVID

574
00:37:42,120 --> 00:37:45,279
Speaker 14: nineteen pandemic, but it is said to finally go into

575
00:37:45,320 --> 00:37:49,279
Speaker 14: effect in twenty twenty three. If you've flown recently, you've

576
00:37:49,280 --> 00:37:52,840
Speaker 14: seen the signs. They're everywhere at the airport. At the

577
00:37:52,880 --> 00:37:56,719
Speaker 14: same time, more states than ever now allow undocumented residents

578
00:37:56,800 --> 00:38:00,760
Speaker 14: to apply for driver's licenses. The number is now sixteen

579
00:38:01,239 --> 00:38:05,920
Speaker 14: That includes California, New York, Colorado, and most recently Virginia.

580
00:38:06,719 --> 00:38:09,000
Speaker 14: These states have found a way to comply with real

581
00:38:09,040 --> 00:38:12,520
Speaker 14: ID by granting documents that cannot be used for federal

582
00:38:12,560 --> 00:38:16,920
Speaker 14: ID purposes, meaning once real ID finally goes into effect,

583
00:38:17,320 --> 00:38:20,560
Speaker 14: undocumented people will not be able to use their identification

584
00:38:20,800 --> 00:38:23,719
Speaker 14: to do things like travel by plane, but they will

585
00:38:23,760 --> 00:38:27,240
Speaker 14: still be able to drive safely in their state. Whether

586
00:38:27,280 --> 00:38:33,080
Speaker 14: these changes this legislation, this persecution was ever needed, Whether

587
00:38:33,120 --> 00:38:36,920
Speaker 14: it aided safety is up for debate. Two decades later,

588
00:38:37,120 --> 00:38:39,880
Speaker 14: states are still learning that it's better for public safety

589
00:38:39,960 --> 00:38:46,520
Speaker 14: to allow undocumented people to drive legally. In other places,

590
00:38:46,840 --> 00:38:48,440
Speaker 14: things move a little slower.

591
00:38:49,200 --> 00:38:52,520
Speaker 21: Hundreds of people from all walks of life, including young children,

592
00:38:52,600 --> 00:38:55,799
Speaker 21: came out to downtown Atlanta to protest and denounce what

593
00:38:55,840 --> 00:38:59,040
Speaker 21: they're calling were raids on the immigrant community over the

594
00:38:59,160 --> 00:39:00,000
Speaker 21: last few weeks.

595
00:39:00,080 --> 00:39:04,040
Speaker 14: Georgia still does not grant licenses to people without legal status.

596
00:39:04,360 --> 00:39:06,520
Speaker 14: Driving without a permit in the state can land you

597
00:39:06,640 --> 00:39:09,800
Speaker 14: in jail for up to a year. In twenty twenty,

598
00:39:09,920 --> 00:39:13,080
Speaker 14: Sheriff Butch Conway decided not to run for re election

599
00:39:13,400 --> 00:39:16,600
Speaker 14: after nearly two decades at the helm of the Winnett

600
00:39:16,640 --> 00:39:20,600
Speaker 14: County Sheriff's office. Sheriff Conway's protege was defeated by an

601
00:39:20,600 --> 00:39:23,240
Speaker 14: opponent who ran on an anti two to eighty seven

602
00:39:23,280 --> 00:39:27,160
Speaker 14: g platform. That same year, Whenett ranked fourth in the

603
00:39:27,320 --> 00:39:31,480
Speaker 14: entire country for the number of ice detainer requests. On

604
00:39:31,560 --> 00:39:36,240
Speaker 14: January first, twenty twenty one, newly elected Sheriff Cable Taylor

605
00:39:36,560 --> 00:39:39,080
Speaker 14: ended when it's two to eighty seven g contract with

606
00:39:39,160 --> 00:39:43,040
Speaker 14: ICE after more than a decade. Back in my home,

607
00:39:43,239 --> 00:39:46,719
Speaker 14: we don't worry about that little plastic rectangle a driver's

608
00:39:46,760 --> 00:39:50,000
Speaker 14: license that so affected our life at one point, at

609
00:39:50,080 --> 00:39:53,640
Speaker 14: least not as much anymore. In twenty seventeen, I became

610
00:39:53,680 --> 00:39:56,399
Speaker 14: a US citizen, and the following year I was able

611
00:39:56,440 --> 00:39:59,399
Speaker 14: to petition for my mom. We drive in peace now,

612
00:40:06,400 --> 00:40:10,360
Speaker 14: but the repercussions in our family are permanent. My brother's gone,

613
00:40:10,800 --> 00:40:14,239
Speaker 14: my stepfather is at risk. At any time, the phone

614
00:40:14,239 --> 00:40:16,359
Speaker 14: could ring and we'll need to be ready to rush

615
00:40:16,360 --> 00:40:19,080
Speaker 14: to the local jail to help a relative or a friend.

616
00:40:19,640 --> 00:40:23,759
Speaker 14: People can and are still persecuted for their legal status,

617
00:40:24,239 --> 00:40:27,240
Speaker 14: and often it still starts with a driver's license.

618
00:40:27,760 --> 00:40:34,319
Speaker 12: But I think that that make us more humans, is

619
00:40:34,400 --> 00:40:39,120
Speaker 12: like you become more empathetic to the situations of the

620
00:40:39,200 --> 00:40:43,879
Speaker 12: people around you. If you see a neighbor or a

621
00:40:43,920 --> 00:40:49,279
Speaker 12: friend that you know doesn't have a driver's license, you

622
00:40:49,400 --> 00:40:52,280
Speaker 12: always tell them call me if you need a drive.

623
00:40:52,760 --> 00:40:56,319
Speaker 12: Because now I am on the other side, and I

624
00:40:56,400 --> 00:41:00,400
Speaker 12: remember when you first started. I remember you also running

625
00:41:00,400 --> 00:41:03,720
Speaker 12: behind your friends because some with your friends went to prison,

626
00:41:03,760 --> 00:41:08,680
Speaker 12: and and there you went to take them out, and

627
00:41:08,719 --> 00:41:10,640
Speaker 12: the same thing happened to us.

628
00:41:12,760 --> 00:41:15,839
Speaker 14: That's what happens in our community. The system that could

629
00:41:15,840 --> 00:41:18,719
Speaker 14: append the lives of our loved ones never rest, and

630
00:41:18,760 --> 00:41:20,879
Speaker 14: that means neither do the rest of us.

631
00:41:26,840 --> 00:41:30,640
Speaker 1: Coming up on Latino USA, the immigration bill interrupted by

632
00:41:30,680 --> 00:41:35,160
Speaker 1: September eleventh. Two decades later, thousands of undocumented immigrants and

633
00:41:35,160 --> 00:41:38,680
Speaker 1: advocates continue to fight to keep it alive. That's after

634
00:41:38,680 --> 00:42:26,480
Speaker 1: the break. Stay with us, Yes, hey, we're back. The

635
00:42:26,520 --> 00:42:30,520
Speaker 1: attacks on September eleventh brought a promising immigration bill that

636
00:42:30,640 --> 00:42:33,719
Speaker 1: was making its way through Congress to a total and

637
00:42:33,880 --> 00:42:37,799
Speaker 1: sudden halt. Its failure to pass in two thousand and

638
00:42:37,840 --> 00:42:41,600
Speaker 1: one would then define the next twenty years of immigration

639
00:42:41,760 --> 00:42:45,480
Speaker 1: activism for many in the country. Our producer of Victoria

640
00:42:45,560 --> 00:42:48,080
Speaker 1: Estrada is going to look at that story and takes

641
00:42:48,120 --> 00:42:48,680
Speaker 1: it from here.

642
00:42:49,719 --> 00:42:52,120
Speaker 22: In the summer of two thousand and one, Daniel Sueta

643
00:42:52,160 --> 00:42:54,799
Speaker 22: had just graduated from high school. She wanted to go

644
00:42:54,840 --> 00:42:59,959
Speaker 22: to college, but there was one problem. Dania was undocumented.

645
00:43:00,680 --> 00:43:04,080
Speaker 2: My counselor had basically told me that if I didn't

646
00:43:04,120 --> 00:43:07,360
Speaker 2: have a lot of money saved up that and I

647
00:43:07,440 --> 00:43:12,280
Speaker 2: didn't have residency or citizenship or like an international student permit.

648
00:43:12,400 --> 00:43:14,800
Speaker 2: My only option was to go to Mexico.

649
00:43:15,400 --> 00:43:18,160
Speaker 22: When Dania was ten years old, she and her family

650
00:43:18,320 --> 00:43:21,399
Speaker 22: entered the US with tourist visas, but stayed and made

651
00:43:21,400 --> 00:43:24,000
Speaker 22: a life in Chicago. Dania had good grades in high

652
00:43:24,040 --> 00:43:27,759
Speaker 22: school was captain of the swim team, but her academic

653
00:43:27,840 --> 00:43:31,319
Speaker 22: and sports skills would be of little help and documented

654
00:43:31,480 --> 00:43:34,200
Speaker 22: she not only didn't have access to most grants her

655
00:43:34,239 --> 00:43:37,360
Speaker 22: scholarships to help pay for college, she was required to

656
00:43:37,400 --> 00:43:39,719
Speaker 22: pay out of state prohibited rates.

657
00:43:40,080 --> 00:43:43,759
Speaker 2: And so I actually ended up applying as an international

658
00:43:43,800 --> 00:43:47,759
Speaker 2: student to as several colleges, which then did require me

659
00:43:48,440 --> 00:43:50,920
Speaker 2: to travel abroad to go to Mexico, apply in the

660
00:43:51,000 --> 00:43:54,120
Speaker 2: US Embassy as an international student, but her.

661
00:43:53,960 --> 00:43:57,320
Speaker 22: Student visa was denied and Dania was suddenly trapped outside

662
00:43:57,360 --> 00:44:01,600
Speaker 22: the United States. Her family started to organize to bring

663
00:44:01,640 --> 00:44:05,240
Speaker 22: her back. They held rallies, friends wrote letters of support

664
00:44:05,280 --> 00:44:07,680
Speaker 22: on her behalf, and they even reached out to Illinois

665
00:44:07,760 --> 00:44:12,000
Speaker 22: Senator Dick Durbin. At the time, Durbin and Orrin Hatch,

666
00:44:12,280 --> 00:44:15,239
Speaker 22: a fellow Republican from Utah were drafting a piece of

667
00:44:15,360 --> 00:44:18,760
Speaker 22: legislation that could help other students in similar situations.

668
00:44:18,960 --> 00:44:22,799
Speaker 2: Yeah, it was this idea that undocumented students who had

669
00:44:22,840 --> 00:44:25,360
Speaker 2: graduated in the US didn't really have a path forward.

670
00:44:27,239 --> 00:44:29,800
Speaker 22: The bill had a very narrow scope. It would grant

671
00:44:29,920 --> 00:44:33,839
Speaker 22: legal residency to undocumented high school graduates who had entered

672
00:44:33,840 --> 00:44:37,160
Speaker 22: the US as children. It just had a few requirements.

673
00:44:37,920 --> 00:44:40,000
Speaker 22: Applicants needed to have been in the country for at

674
00:44:40,080 --> 00:44:43,239
Speaker 22: least five years, have no criminal record that might make

675
00:44:43,280 --> 00:44:47,840
Speaker 22: them inadmissible or deportable, and be a quote person of

676
00:44:47,920 --> 00:44:54,040
Speaker 22: good moral character. The Development Relief and Education for Alien Minors,

677
00:44:54,280 --> 00:44:58,120
Speaker 22: or DREAM Act, was considered to have wide bipartisan support,

678
00:44:58,760 --> 00:45:01,360
Speaker 22: since the senators who spawned were both one of the

679
00:45:01,360 --> 00:45:04,320
Speaker 22: most conservative and one of the most liberal in the Senate.

680
00:45:08,040 --> 00:45:10,759
Speaker 22: Reports at the time said that there were anywhere from

681
00:45:10,800 --> 00:45:14,719
Speaker 22: fifty thousand to seventy five thousand children graduating from high

682
00:45:14,760 --> 00:45:19,080
Speaker 22: school every year with no legal status. That meant up

683
00:45:19,120 --> 00:45:22,880
Speaker 22: to seventy five thousand students for whom higher education was

684
00:45:23,000 --> 00:45:23,960
Speaker 22: virtually denied.

685
00:45:24,440 --> 00:45:26,560
Speaker 2: That was the first time that I saw that statistic

686
00:45:26,640 --> 00:45:29,799
Speaker 2: next to my name and sort of understood that there

687
00:45:29,840 --> 00:45:33,080
Speaker 2: was a bigger problem than just me and my family

688
00:45:33,080 --> 00:45:34,200
Speaker 2: who was scared right.

689
00:45:34,320 --> 00:45:37,040
Speaker 22: More recent reports showed that the number of undocumented high

690
00:45:37,040 --> 00:45:40,680
Speaker 22: school graduates today is closer to one hundred thousand a year.

691
00:45:41,800 --> 00:45:44,879
Speaker 22: With the direct help of Senator Durbin, Dana was able

692
00:45:44,920 --> 00:45:47,759
Speaker 22: to get a humanitarian visa and return to the States.

693
00:45:48,080 --> 00:45:50,600
Speaker 22: Then the Senator's office asked her to be part of

694
00:45:50,600 --> 00:45:54,120
Speaker 22: the campaign to support the one legislation that could completely

695
00:45:54,200 --> 00:45:57,960
Speaker 22: change her life. By that point, Dania had come out

696
00:45:58,080 --> 00:46:02,279
Speaker 22: publicly about her undocumented status, so she spoke about her

697
00:46:02,320 --> 00:46:04,839
Speaker 22: personal story, but also part of.

698
00:46:04,800 --> 00:46:07,800
Speaker 2: My speech was saying, like there must be something wrong

699
00:46:07,960 --> 00:46:11,640
Speaker 2: if sixty thousand and undocumented students graduate every year and

700
00:46:11,680 --> 00:46:13,480
Speaker 2: like don't have a chance to go to school. Like

701
00:46:13,560 --> 00:46:16,680
Speaker 2: it wasn't about even me anymore. It was like if

702
00:46:16,680 --> 00:46:20,719
Speaker 2: it's me and sixty thousand other people, like something else

703
00:46:20,880 --> 00:46:24,040
Speaker 2: is going on that we're not resolving.

704
00:46:24,480 --> 00:46:27,120
Speaker 22: So when they asked her to, Dania didn't hesitate to

705
00:46:27,160 --> 00:46:29,520
Speaker 22: testify before the Senate a few weeks later.

706
00:46:30,000 --> 00:46:32,040
Speaker 2: I think they saw it as a good example of

707
00:46:32,360 --> 00:46:35,520
Speaker 2: you know, someone who like fit the narrative, you know,

708
00:46:35,600 --> 00:46:38,759
Speaker 2: had good grades. As president of the swim team, had

709
00:46:38,880 --> 00:46:41,000
Speaker 2: had to go to Mexico to figure out this out,

710
00:46:41,120 --> 00:46:43,719
Speaker 2: and like was actually still trying to figure out where

711
00:46:43,719 --> 00:46:44,440
Speaker 2: to go to school.

712
00:46:45,000 --> 00:46:49,200
Speaker 22: Ter Sali, another undocumented high school graduate from Chicago who

713
00:46:49,200 --> 00:46:53,360
Speaker 22: had originally inspired the Dream Act, was also set to testify.

714
00:46:54,280 --> 00:46:57,560
Speaker 22: The hearing was scheduled for September twelfth, two thousand and one.

715
00:46:58,560 --> 00:47:01,120
Speaker 22: Dania was supposed to fly to d See the day before.

716
00:47:02,200 --> 00:47:08,280
Speaker 22: Spirits were high.

717
00:47:05,880 --> 00:47:10,520
Speaker 2: On September eleventh. I remember I was supposed to be

718
00:47:10,640 --> 00:47:15,240
Speaker 2: out o hair in like the early afternoon. I remember

719
00:47:15,760 --> 00:47:19,680
Speaker 2: Cladisol from Senator Durbin's staff had checked in with me.

720
00:47:20,400 --> 00:47:22,239
Speaker 2: She was the person that I was going to meet

721
00:47:22,280 --> 00:47:25,600
Speaker 2: at the airport. And I woke up because my grandmother,

722
00:47:27,239 --> 00:47:30,200
Speaker 2: who was at home with me, said that I had

723
00:47:30,280 --> 00:47:33,439
Speaker 2: a call from Clarisol, And so she's the one who

724
00:47:33,480 --> 00:47:35,920
Speaker 2: told me that she was at the airport at the

725
00:47:35,920 --> 00:47:40,600
Speaker 2: moment and that there was something going on and that

726
00:47:40,640 --> 00:47:44,520
Speaker 2: she actually didn't think that we were going to be

727
00:47:44,560 --> 00:47:49,000
Speaker 2: able to travel to DC, and that most likely the

728
00:47:49,080 --> 00:47:53,560
Speaker 2: congressional hearing was going to be postponed. And that's when

729
00:47:53,600 --> 00:47:56,360
Speaker 2: I like literally like woke up and turned on the

730
00:47:56,400 --> 00:48:01,400
Speaker 2: TV and started seeing the images of the first plane.

731
00:48:02,160 --> 00:48:03,040
Speaker 4: It's a fifty two.

732
00:48:03,200 --> 00:48:05,279
Speaker 7: Here in New York, we understand that there has been

733
00:48:05,280 --> 00:48:07,960
Speaker 7: a plane crash on the southern tip of Manhattan.

734
00:48:07,960 --> 00:48:09,960
Speaker 4: You're looking at the World Trade.

735
00:48:09,880 --> 00:48:15,000
Speaker 2: I just stayed at home and watched the news. I,

736
00:48:15,600 --> 00:48:17,719
Speaker 2: you know, like everyone, I didn't know what was happening.

737
00:48:18,280 --> 00:48:22,360
Speaker 2: I remember like all the planes were grounded, and I

738
00:48:22,400 --> 00:48:25,120
Speaker 2: remember paying attention to that because I still had a

739
00:48:25,200 --> 00:48:26,920
Speaker 2: little bit of hope that I was going to travel

740
00:48:26,960 --> 00:48:28,960
Speaker 2: to DC. So we were just waiting to see when

741
00:48:29,040 --> 00:48:31,440
Speaker 2: the planes would be like unngrounded or like with that,

742
00:48:31,520 --> 00:48:34,160
Speaker 2: when that would be lifted. So there was that sense

743
00:48:34,200 --> 00:48:36,919
Speaker 2: of like postponement, that we're just like waiting for things

744
00:48:36,960 --> 00:48:38,000
Speaker 2: to get back to normal.

745
00:48:41,440 --> 00:48:45,560
Speaker 22: Daniel would later realize that, after all, the hearing wasn't

746
00:48:45,600 --> 00:48:49,640
Speaker 22: going to happen that week or that year. Her flight

747
00:48:49,760 --> 00:48:53,320
Speaker 22: was never rescheduled, nor her testimony in support of the

748
00:48:53,400 --> 00:48:57,520
Speaker 22: Dream Act. Well, the Dream Act kept coming back in

749
00:48:57,560 --> 00:49:01,040
Speaker 22: the next years. The country had forever changed, and so

750
00:49:01,120 --> 00:49:04,480
Speaker 22: had the debate around the bill. When it was reintroduced

751
00:49:04,520 --> 00:49:08,520
Speaker 22: in two thousand and three, it had new requirements. Applicants

752
00:49:08,560 --> 00:49:11,560
Speaker 22: had to have entered the US before their sixteenth birthday.

753
00:49:12,360 --> 00:49:14,360
Speaker 22: There was no vote on the bill that year either

754
00:49:14,640 --> 00:49:18,359
Speaker 22: and in the next legislature it was changed again, this

755
00:49:18,480 --> 00:49:22,399
Speaker 22: time to adjust the status of the potential beneficiaries from

756
00:49:22,760 --> 00:49:28,440
Speaker 22: permanent residents to conditional permanent residents. The new version of

757
00:49:28,480 --> 00:49:31,080
Speaker 22: the bill didn't make it to a vote on the floor.

758
00:49:32,239 --> 00:49:35,440
Speaker 22: In two thousand and seven, the Dream Act was introduced

759
00:49:35,680 --> 00:49:40,520
Speaker 22: yet again, this time with the added requirement that applicants

760
00:49:40,719 --> 00:49:45,520
Speaker 22: needed to be under thirty years old. Finally, a vote

761
00:49:45,760 --> 00:49:48,960
Speaker 22: was scheduled, but the Bush White House came out against

762
00:49:48,960 --> 00:49:53,160
Speaker 22: the bill, saying that it created loopholes that would legalize

763
00:49:53,280 --> 00:49:59,400
Speaker 22: undocumented immigrants convicted of multiple misdemeanors and even felonies. Instead,

764
00:49:59,560 --> 00:50:03,960
Speaker 22: the Iministration argued that what was needed was comprehensive immigration

765
00:50:04,120 --> 00:50:09,359
Speaker 22: reform that included strong border and interior enforcement. The bill

766
00:50:09,440 --> 00:50:13,080
Speaker 22: failed by less than ten votes. Detractors said they were

767
00:50:13,120 --> 00:50:16,240
Speaker 22: not going to consider any piece of legislation that quote

768
00:50:16,480 --> 00:50:23,279
Speaker 22: rewarded immigrant lawbreakers. Still, the immigration movement was garnering national momentum.

769
00:50:23,520 --> 00:50:26,040
Speaker 22: In two thousand and eight, when Barack Obama was running

770
00:50:26,080 --> 00:50:29,799
Speaker 22: for president, he identified immigration reform as a priority.

771
00:50:30,040 --> 00:50:32,920
Speaker 23: The American people need us to put an end to

772
00:50:33,040 --> 00:50:36,880
Speaker 23: the petty partisanship that passes for politics. And walking, and

773
00:50:36,920 --> 00:50:41,480
Speaker 23: they need us to enact comprehensive immigration reform once and

774
00:50:41,560 --> 00:50:43,080
Speaker 23: for all.

775
00:50:43,320 --> 00:50:45,839
Speaker 4: They need not. We can't wait twenty years for now

776
00:50:45,920 --> 00:50:46,279
Speaker 4: to do it.

777
00:50:46,520 --> 00:50:48,480
Speaker 23: We can't wait ten years for now to do it.

778
00:50:48,680 --> 00:50:50,680
Speaker 23: We need to do it by the end of my

779
00:50:50,880 --> 00:50:54,160
Speaker 23: first term as President of the United States of America.

780
00:50:54,880 --> 00:50:57,360
Speaker 22: As we know, Obama made it to the White House,

781
00:50:57,640 --> 00:50:59,120
Speaker 22: but no reforms followed.

782
00:51:00,000 --> 00:51:02,720
Speaker 2: And I think that's when I started getting really disappointed

783
00:51:02,800 --> 00:51:05,720
Speaker 2: and a little bit more jaded about the politics, because

784
00:51:06,400 --> 00:51:08,759
Speaker 2: you know, sort of expected it under Bush and under

785
00:51:08,800 --> 00:51:11,040
Speaker 2: a Republican, but not so much in there a Democrat.

786
00:51:11,360 --> 00:51:15,040
Speaker 22: Dania says she developed something she calls Obama trauma.

787
00:51:15,239 --> 00:51:17,000
Speaker 2: I remember just having a lot of hope that that

788
00:51:17,160 --> 00:51:20,160
Speaker 2: was going to impact my parents, in particular in my

789
00:51:20,239 --> 00:51:23,560
Speaker 2: own situation. Every time it was bad, like every time,

790
00:51:23,600 --> 00:51:26,359
Speaker 2: I remember just watching him and him being like, yes,

791
00:51:26,440 --> 00:51:29,560
Speaker 2: we need immigration reform, but first, you know, we need

792
00:51:29,560 --> 00:51:32,719
Speaker 2: the enforcement, and but first we need to do this.

793
00:51:32,840 --> 00:51:35,319
Speaker 2: And so I started getting really tired of it.

794
00:51:35,360 --> 00:51:39,280
Speaker 22: With no immigration reform nor dreamac devailable, Dania had managed

795
00:51:39,320 --> 00:51:42,239
Speaker 22: to enter the University of Illinois at Chicago only with

796
00:51:42,320 --> 00:51:46,480
Speaker 22: a private scholarship for her first year and after that.

797
00:51:46,760 --> 00:51:49,360
Speaker 2: We had talked to some of the counselors who had,

798
00:51:49,600 --> 00:51:51,640
Speaker 2: you know, sort of told us how to click on

799
00:51:51,680 --> 00:51:54,920
Speaker 2: the right boxes so that you know, I wasn't claiming

800
00:51:54,920 --> 00:51:56,840
Speaker 2: that I was a citizen, but I also wouldn't be

801
00:51:56,960 --> 00:51:58,640
Speaker 2: charged as an international student.

802
00:51:59,200 --> 00:52:02,680
Speaker 22: She began working in a radio station and after graduating,

803
00:52:02,920 --> 00:52:06,520
Speaker 22: mentoring students as well. She continued to organize in favor

804
00:52:06,560 --> 00:52:09,600
Speaker 22: of immigrants, and in two thousand and nine something happened

805
00:52:09,600 --> 00:52:11,400
Speaker 22: that would push her activism further.

806
00:52:11,760 --> 00:52:14,520
Speaker 2: One of my students had gotten pulled over by mobile

807
00:52:14,600 --> 00:52:18,839
Speaker 2: Chicago police. They had turned them over to immigration enforcement

808
00:52:19,160 --> 00:52:23,080
Speaker 2: and was actually in deportation proceedings and showed me that

809
00:52:23,160 --> 00:52:24,880
Speaker 2: he was wearing an ankle monitor.

810
00:52:25,680 --> 00:52:29,240
Speaker 22: The student was Rigo Padilla. In a matter of weeks,

811
00:52:29,400 --> 00:52:34,160
Speaker 22: Dania Rigo and Ray Wenzis, another emerging activist, founded the

812
00:52:34,360 --> 00:52:39,600
Speaker 22: Immigrant Youth Justice League to fight Rigo's deportation. On March

813
00:52:39,640 --> 00:52:42,920
Speaker 22: tenth of twenty ten, they organized the first coming out

814
00:52:43,040 --> 00:52:46,920
Speaker 22: rally for undocumented immigrants in Chicago. It was part of

815
00:52:46,960 --> 00:52:50,360
Speaker 22: a much larger movement that was spreading quickly. In January,

816
00:52:50,920 --> 00:52:54,000
Speaker 22: four students that started the Trail of Dreams March a

817
00:52:54,040 --> 00:52:57,719
Speaker 22: fifteen hundred mile four month walk to support the Dream Act.

818
00:52:58,000 --> 00:53:00,279
Speaker 24: We started back in Miami, were going off the way

819
00:53:00,280 --> 00:53:04,799
Speaker 24: to Washington, DC to demand for President Obama to stop

820
00:53:04,840 --> 00:53:07,719
Speaker 24: the separation of families and stop the deportation of a

821
00:53:07,920 --> 00:53:08,919
Speaker 24: young students.

822
00:53:09,160 --> 00:53:11,920
Speaker 22: And on May seventeenths.

823
00:53:10,840 --> 00:53:14,080
Speaker 18: Ago protesters throwing things up in downtown Tisson at this hour,

824
00:53:14,120 --> 00:53:17,760
Speaker 18: this is a live picture just outside Senator John McCain's office.

825
00:53:17,920 --> 00:53:21,600
Speaker 22: Dania and four other undocumented youths held a sit in

826
00:53:21,880 --> 00:53:25,759
Speaker 22: at the Tucson offices. It's Senator John McCain urging him

827
00:53:25,760 --> 00:53:27,000
Speaker 22: to support the Dream Act.

828
00:53:27,360 --> 00:53:31,000
Speaker 6: I saw this photo going around where five one documented

829
00:53:31,040 --> 00:53:34,480
Speaker 6: students had done a sit in at McCain's office.

830
00:53:34,880 --> 00:53:36,480
Speaker 22: This is Julio Salgado.

831
00:53:36,800 --> 00:53:38,360
Speaker 4: I am an artist.

832
00:53:38,880 --> 00:53:42,440
Speaker 6: I'm an artist who happens to be undocumented and queer.

833
00:53:42,640 --> 00:53:44,719
Speaker 22: He was shocked when he saw what Dania and the

834
00:53:44,760 --> 00:53:46,040
Speaker 22: others were daring to do.

835
00:53:46,200 --> 00:53:49,280
Speaker 6: And I was like, oh my god, what are they doing.

836
00:53:49,480 --> 00:53:51,800
Speaker 6: They're going to get arrested, They're going to get deported.

837
00:53:53,400 --> 00:53:56,920
Speaker 22: A few years earlier, Juliam who's from California, had his

838
00:53:57,000 --> 00:54:01,080
Speaker 22: own start and advocacy, creating a support room for undocumented

839
00:54:01,120 --> 00:54:02,239
Speaker 22: students in college.

840
00:54:02,360 --> 00:54:04,600
Speaker 6: I remember the you know, when they have like a

841
00:54:04,640 --> 00:54:08,240
Speaker 6: welcoming week for students, and we set up our table

842
00:54:08,960 --> 00:54:12,160
Speaker 6: and we were very strategic and being like, okay, we

843
00:54:12,200 --> 00:54:14,359
Speaker 6: should put that we are a group for AB five

844
00:54:14,400 --> 00:54:17,080
Speaker 6: forty students, and other AB five forty students will know

845
00:54:17,440 --> 00:54:18,560
Speaker 6: what that means, right.

846
00:54:19,000 --> 00:54:21,799
Speaker 22: AB five forty was a state law that went into

847
00:54:21,840 --> 00:54:24,640
Speaker 22: effect about a month after nine to eleven and let

848
00:54:24,760 --> 00:54:29,680
Speaker 22: undocumented students pay in state tuition at California's public colleges

849
00:54:29,760 --> 00:54:33,720
Speaker 22: and universities. It was a progressive policy that allowed Julio

850
00:54:33,800 --> 00:54:37,719
Speaker 22: and many others to continue their education. Only students in

851
00:54:37,840 --> 00:54:41,279
Speaker 22: nine other states with similar laws had the privilege at

852
00:54:41,320 --> 00:54:41,720
Speaker 22: the time.

853
00:54:43,000 --> 00:54:44,160
Speaker 4: But it was super secretive.

854
00:54:44,200 --> 00:54:47,600
Speaker 6: It wasn't there was no undocumented, unafraid, none of that.

855
00:54:47,880 --> 00:54:49,360
Speaker 6: It was like, you know, at that time, I was

856
00:54:49,440 --> 00:54:52,000
Speaker 6: I'm from a generation of undocumented and very.

857
00:54:51,840 --> 00:54:55,759
Speaker 22: Afraid Matanias and others. Activism embold in him.

858
00:54:56,080 --> 00:54:58,680
Speaker 6: I was like, all right, well, I'm not an organizer,

859
00:54:59,520 --> 00:55:01,799
Speaker 6: you know, I don't do that, but I'm like, what

860
00:55:01,840 --> 00:55:05,720
Speaker 6: can I do to add to this movement?

861
00:55:05,800 --> 00:55:05,960
Speaker 9: Right?

862
00:55:06,000 --> 00:55:08,440
Speaker 4: And so you know, like I started making images.

863
00:55:09,080 --> 00:55:11,520
Speaker 22: One of the first images he produced was a figure

864
00:55:11,560 --> 00:55:14,520
Speaker 22: with a graduating cap and gown being taken away by

865
00:55:14,520 --> 00:55:17,920
Speaker 22: two police officers as she shouts I exist.

866
00:55:18,480 --> 00:55:23,440
Speaker 6: For me, it was very important to document those specific

867
00:55:23,719 --> 00:55:29,360
Speaker 6: interventions from undocumented immigrants because I felt that it was

868
00:55:29,400 --> 00:55:32,279
Speaker 6: a historic moment, and I was like, we need to

869
00:55:32,280 --> 00:55:35,239
Speaker 6: make sure that this gets documented and it gets documented

870
00:55:35,280 --> 00:55:36,000
Speaker 6: by us.

871
00:55:37,000 --> 00:55:39,600
Speaker 22: For so long they had lived trying to go unnoticed.

872
00:55:40,080 --> 00:55:43,840
Speaker 22: But that was over. Other acts of civil disobedience followed.

873
00:55:44,360 --> 00:55:48,400
Speaker 22: Undocumented activists held sit ins in Washington, DC and hunger

874
00:55:48,440 --> 00:55:52,879
Speaker 22: strikes in Los Angeles. On the sumber eighteenth of twenty ten,

875
00:55:53,200 --> 00:55:55,840
Speaker 22: the House of Representatives passed a new version of the

876
00:55:55,920 --> 00:55:59,440
Speaker 22: Dream Act. This time, the bills requirement had extended to

877
00:55:59,520 --> 00:56:03,840
Speaker 22: include also a medical examination and the background check. Just

878
00:56:03,920 --> 00:56:07,160
Speaker 22: before the vote, Senator Lindsey Graham took to the floor

879
00:56:07,200 --> 00:56:09,240
Speaker 22: to say to those who had come to his office

880
00:56:09,280 --> 00:56:11,440
Speaker 22: to protest that they were wasting their time.

881
00:56:11,760 --> 00:56:15,040
Speaker 1: We're not going to pass the Dream Act or any

882
00:56:15,080 --> 00:56:19,200
Speaker 1: other legalization program until we secure our borders.

883
00:56:19,640 --> 00:56:24,000
Speaker 22: Thirty six Republicans and five Democrats voted against the bill,

884
00:56:24,360 --> 00:56:27,480
Speaker 22: with only fifty five votes in favor, it didn't have

885
00:56:27,520 --> 00:56:31,440
Speaker 22: a filibuster proof majority. After coming so close and seeing

886
00:56:31,480 --> 00:56:34,959
Speaker 22: it fell yet again, Dania felt depleted at this point.

887
00:56:35,000 --> 00:56:38,160
Speaker 2: I feel like I was also kind of used to

888
00:56:38,320 --> 00:56:42,200
Speaker 2: things like this happening, Like Yeah, there was definitely like

889
00:56:42,800 --> 00:56:45,120
Speaker 2: a feeling of like, well, of course, like, of course

890
00:56:45,160 --> 00:56:46,280
Speaker 2: it doesn't happen again.

891
00:56:47,800 --> 00:56:51,239
Speaker 22: The thing was the argument Republicans had used against the

892
00:56:51,320 --> 00:56:54,800
Speaker 22: Dream Act that no immigration bill could be passed until

893
00:56:54,800 --> 00:56:58,479
Speaker 22: borders were secure had also been used by Democrats trying

894
00:56:58,480 --> 00:57:01,319
Speaker 22: to push for immigration reform. In the summer of two

895
00:57:01,360 --> 00:57:05,640
Speaker 22: thousand and nine, Democratic Senator Chuck Schumer outlined the framework

896
00:57:05,680 --> 00:57:09,319
Speaker 22: for immigration reform that included this principle.

897
00:57:09,000 --> 00:57:12,480
Speaker 13: Any immigration solution must recognize that we must do as

898
00:57:12,600 --> 00:57:15,760
Speaker 13: much as we can to gain control of our borders

899
00:57:15,760 --> 00:57:16,800
Speaker 13: as soon as possible.

900
00:57:18,240 --> 00:57:23,560
Speaker 22: Other points included a biometric based employment verification system and

901
00:57:23,680 --> 00:57:27,920
Speaker 22: having all undocumented immigrants in the country register and submit

902
00:57:28,000 --> 00:57:32,080
Speaker 22: to a quote rigorous process to earn their path to

903
00:57:32,120 --> 00:57:37,440
Speaker 22: citizenship or else phase deportation. Although Schumer did vote in

904
00:57:37,480 --> 00:57:40,760
Speaker 22: favor of the twenty ten Dream Act, the principles he

905
00:57:40,840 --> 00:57:44,160
Speaker 22: laid out for immigration reform just a year before had

906
00:57:44,200 --> 00:57:46,919
Speaker 22: the same basis as of those who objected to the bill,

907
00:57:47,680 --> 00:57:52,640
Speaker 22: that immigrants were guilty and to prove it innocent. After

908
00:57:52,760 --> 00:57:55,919
Speaker 22: that narrow loss, the bill would continue to go through

909
00:57:56,000 --> 00:58:01,600
Speaker 22: different versions, winning and losing support as politics changed. One

910
00:58:01,680 --> 00:58:04,360
Speaker 22: of its original sponsors in two thousand and one did

911
00:58:04,400 --> 00:58:07,120
Speaker 22: not vote for the Dream Act in twenty ten, and

912
00:58:07,320 --> 00:58:10,880
Speaker 22: Senator Lindsey Graham, who spoke against it in twenty ten,

913
00:58:11,160 --> 00:58:13,520
Speaker 22: would later become a co sponsor of the Dream Act.

914
00:58:13,760 --> 00:58:18,440
Speaker 6: At every single cycle of elections, we were becoming a

915
00:58:18,880 --> 00:58:23,400
Speaker 6: political game piece, right Like, I have my dreamer here,

916
00:58:23,480 --> 00:58:25,160
Speaker 6: who's going to share their story?

917
00:58:25,560 --> 00:58:28,720
Speaker 4: And you start You're like, I don't believe you anymore.

918
00:58:30,480 --> 00:58:33,000
Speaker 22: In the summer of twenty twelve, the last year of

919
00:58:33,040 --> 00:58:38,280
Speaker 22: his first term and seeking reelection, President Obama made an announcement.

920
00:58:38,840 --> 00:58:42,800
Speaker 8: This morning, Secretary of Napoloitano announced new actions my administration

921
00:58:42,920 --> 00:58:48,200
Speaker 8: will take to mend our nation's immigration policy to make

922
00:58:48,240 --> 00:58:53,400
Speaker 8: it more fair, more efficient, and more just, specifically for

923
00:58:53,560 --> 00:58:56,880
Speaker 8: certain young people sometimes called dreamers.

924
00:58:57,280 --> 00:59:00,000
Speaker 22: With no immigration reform, after four years in the White House,

925
00:59:00,520 --> 00:59:04,520
Speaker 22: Obama used his executive power to create the Deferred Action

926
00:59:04,760 --> 00:59:10,160
Speaker 22: for Childhood Arrivals or DACA. The policy allowed undocumented immigrants

927
00:59:10,160 --> 00:59:12,480
Speaker 22: who had been brought to the US as children to

928
00:59:12,560 --> 00:59:16,120
Speaker 22: request deferred action from deportation and get a work permit.

929
00:59:17,200 --> 00:59:20,600
Speaker 22: They needed a record free of Belanese or serious misdemeanors,

930
00:59:21,080 --> 00:59:23,800
Speaker 22: and they had to reapply to the program every two years.

931
00:59:24,560 --> 00:59:28,680
Speaker 22: DACA didn't offer a path to citizenship. It just stopped deportation.

932
00:59:29,400 --> 00:59:31,640
Speaker 22: It was never meant to be a long term fixed.

933
00:59:32,640 --> 00:59:34,440
Speaker 6: It was a bittersweet moment for a lot of us.

934
00:59:35,120 --> 00:59:38,680
Speaker 6: It wasn't the Dream Act. It didn't include our parents,

935
00:59:39,240 --> 00:59:44,160
Speaker 6: and I remember not wanting to apply to DACA.

936
00:59:44,800 --> 00:59:49,520
Speaker 22: It seemed like a defeat. But eventually he did apply

937
00:59:49,760 --> 00:59:52,160
Speaker 22: and got into the program. He's still a part of it.

938
00:59:55,800 --> 00:59:59,000
Speaker 22: When Donald Trump was elected, he tried to end the program,

939
00:59:59,360 --> 01:00:02,840
Speaker 22: but was blocked by the courts. Nevertheless, just a few

940
01:00:02,880 --> 01:00:07,280
Speaker 22: months ago, DACA was ruled unconstitutional by a federal judge

941
01:00:07,320 --> 01:00:11,520
Speaker 22: in Texas, and for now all new applications have been suspended.

942
01:00:11,720 --> 01:00:14,680
Speaker 4: Just a constant, is it going to go away?

943
01:00:15,600 --> 01:00:20,200
Speaker 6: Because I'm able now to legally work in this country.

944
01:00:20,560 --> 01:00:23,920
Speaker 6: I am very lucky to have, you know, insurance through

945
01:00:23,920 --> 01:00:26,760
Speaker 6: my job that could go away at any minute if

946
01:00:26,800 --> 01:00:31,320
Speaker 6: this shenanigans continue, right, And so it's it's it's a

947
01:00:31,400 --> 01:00:33,840
Speaker 6: constant like you should be thankful, but at the same time, Like,

948
01:00:34,120 --> 01:00:35,880
Speaker 6: here's some a little stress for you, right.

949
01:00:36,360 --> 01:00:40,320
Speaker 2: It's kind of ridiculous that we've been talking about passing

950
01:00:40,360 --> 01:00:43,000
Speaker 2: something for twenty years at this point, and that that's

951
01:00:43,040 --> 01:00:45,160
Speaker 2: the only thing that's been able to move forward, and

952
01:00:45,240 --> 01:00:47,680
Speaker 2: that like, at the same time, it has been.

953
01:00:47,560 --> 01:00:51,439
Speaker 6: So fickle, and that is frustrating for somebody who's been

954
01:00:51,960 --> 01:00:55,800
Speaker 6: doing this for like almost twenty years. It's I'm like,

955
01:00:56,520 --> 01:00:58,880
Speaker 6: I just met an image yesterday. I put an image

956
01:00:58,920 --> 01:01:02,240
Speaker 6: out that that say the DACA Youth and in the

957
01:01:02,280 --> 01:01:04,040
Speaker 6: bottom like ma'am, I'm thirty seven.

958
01:01:04,440 --> 01:01:04,960
Speaker 23: You know, Like.

959
01:01:07,080 --> 01:01:10,200
Speaker 22: This touched on something that Dania sees is a problem

960
01:01:10,240 --> 01:01:12,400
Speaker 22: with the original push for the Dream Act.

961
01:01:12,520 --> 01:01:14,680
Speaker 2: Because we wanted to make a point, like we were

962
01:01:14,880 --> 01:01:17,840
Speaker 2: very disciplined, because we felt like we have to shape

963
01:01:17,840 --> 01:01:20,760
Speaker 2: our stories in a way that fit this strategy of

964
01:01:20,800 --> 01:01:26,800
Speaker 2: moving forward. The bill I think over the years has

965
01:01:26,840 --> 01:01:32,520
Speaker 2: also become this ugly thing that in policy means that

966
01:01:32,640 --> 01:01:35,920
Speaker 2: like people who don't fit that narrative, including our parents,

967
01:01:36,000 --> 01:01:40,080
Speaker 2: get left out of any sort of negotiations or considerations.

968
01:01:41,360 --> 01:01:45,080
Speaker 22: They needed to be that perfect immigrant, someone innocent who

969
01:01:45,120 --> 01:01:47,520
Speaker 22: had been brought to the US as a child. Gaga

970
01:01:47,640 --> 01:01:51,720
Speaker 22: Greats never made mistakes that ended up in criminal convictions,

971
01:01:52,200 --> 01:01:55,400
Speaker 22: spoke English and wanted to go to college or the army.

972
01:01:56,320 --> 01:01:59,640
Speaker 22: Dania and other activists began to question that narrative.

973
01:02:00,160 --> 01:02:04,360
Speaker 2: That pains a realistic picture of anyone. I mean, I think, like,

974
01:02:05,520 --> 01:02:08,080
Speaker 2: you know, first of all, there is the question of

975
01:02:08,120 --> 01:02:12,640
Speaker 2: the criminal justice system. Over the last several years, in particular,

976
01:02:12,720 --> 01:02:16,480
Speaker 2: there's been a huge like black Lead movement that has

977
01:02:16,560 --> 01:02:20,280
Speaker 2: exposed all of the cracks in a very mass way

978
01:02:20,360 --> 01:02:23,640
Speaker 2: of the criminal justice system and how it targets people

979
01:02:23,680 --> 01:02:27,720
Speaker 2: of color. And I think, like, if we believe that's true,

980
01:02:27,920 --> 01:02:32,439
Speaker 2: then by definition, whenever we exclude immigrants who have any

981
01:02:32,480 --> 01:02:35,080
Speaker 2: sort of criminal record from bills like the Dream Act

982
01:02:35,240 --> 01:02:39,960
Speaker 2: or from immigration reform, we're buying into the things that

983
01:02:40,000 --> 01:02:41,680
Speaker 2: the criminal justice system says.

984
01:02:42,440 --> 01:02:45,760
Speaker 22: That's why, in a way, the failing of the Dream

985
01:02:45,800 --> 01:02:47,960
Speaker 22: Act didn't quite disappoint her.

986
01:02:48,320 --> 01:02:52,040
Speaker 2: It also felt like a big release, like we didn't

987
01:02:52,160 --> 01:02:55,840
Speaker 2: actually have to shape our entire strategy and in some ways,

988
01:02:55,880 --> 01:03:01,160
Speaker 2: our entire identity around this particular bill. You know, every year,

989
01:03:01,200 --> 01:03:04,400
Speaker 2: for example, we had like a little theme for what

990
01:03:04,440 --> 01:03:06,640
Speaker 2: are coming out of the Shadows rally was going to be,

991
01:03:07,160 --> 01:03:10,600
Speaker 2: so like the first year was like undocumented, unafraid. The

992
01:03:10,720 --> 01:03:15,360
Speaker 2: second year was documented unafraid and unapologetic, and the third

993
01:03:15,480 --> 01:03:17,760
Speaker 2: year was after the failure of the Dream Act, and

994
01:03:17,840 --> 01:03:21,880
Speaker 2: the theme was I Define Myself. And it was because

995
01:03:21,920 --> 01:03:25,600
Speaker 2: we were coming out of like just this very rigid

996
01:03:25,760 --> 01:03:29,560
Speaker 2: messaging that was about our stories too, and about who

997
01:03:29,600 --> 01:03:30,840
Speaker 2: got to tell their stories.

998
01:03:32,880 --> 01:03:35,760
Speaker 1: In March of this year, the House of Representatives passed

999
01:03:35,800 --> 01:03:38,880
Speaker 1: the American Dream and Promise Act of twenty twenty one.

1000
01:03:39,640 --> 01:03:42,480
Speaker 1: The bill has yet to be voted on by this Senate,

1001
01:03:43,480 --> 01:03:48,200
Speaker 1: and so here we are, twenty years later, frustrated, the

1002
01:03:48,280 --> 01:03:55,200
Speaker 1: issue of immigration, refugees, migrants, people moving completely unresolved. What

1003
01:03:55,240 --> 01:03:58,600
Speaker 1: September eleventh did was to create a narrative that now

1004
01:03:58,640 --> 01:04:01,760
Speaker 1: we've had to be fighting again for twenty years, that

1005
01:04:01,880 --> 01:04:07,240
Speaker 1: somehow immigrants and refugees are a problem, and now we

1006
01:04:07,360 --> 01:04:13,160
Speaker 1: have refugees from Afghanistan a direct result of September eleventh

1007
01:04:13,480 --> 01:04:19,360
Speaker 1: and the actions of the United States government. The people

1008
01:04:19,760 --> 01:04:23,800
Speaker 1: of the United States and the people of Afghanistan and

1009
01:04:23,960 --> 01:04:28,760
Speaker 1: all migrants deserve better than this being the lesson of

1010
01:04:28,840 --> 01:04:42,560
Speaker 1: September eleventh. This episode was produced.

1011
01:04:42,160 --> 01:04:46,840
Speaker 20: By Alejandra Salasad, Ulieta Martinelli and Victoria Strada with help

1012
01:04:46,880 --> 01:04:51,400
Speaker 20: from Rinaldo Leanos Junior, Maria Esquinka and Oscarde Leone. It

1013
01:04:51,520 --> 01:04:55,240
Speaker 20: was edited by Andrea Lopez Grusado and mixed by Elishiba

1014
01:04:55,400 --> 01:04:59,840
Speaker 20: Itu and jj Krubin. The Latino USA team includes Mata

1015
01:04:59,840 --> 01:05:04,600
Speaker 20: mar Thenis, Mike Sargent, Daisy Contreras, Patrisa Subran and Elizabeth

1016
01:05:04,640 --> 01:05:09,280
Speaker 20: Loenthal Torres. Our editorial director is Fernandes Santos. Our director

1017
01:05:09,320 --> 01:05:13,920
Speaker 20: of engineering is Stephanie Lebau. Our senior engineer is Julia Caruso.

1018
01:05:14,360 --> 01:05:18,280
Speaker 20: Our associate engineer is Gabrielle le Bias. Our marketing manager

1019
01:05:18,400 --> 01:05:22,360
Speaker 20: is Luis Luna. Our theme music was composed by Xania Rubinos.

1020
01:05:22,400 --> 01:05:25,600
Speaker 20: I'm your host and executive producer Marie Jojosa. Join us

1021
01:05:25,640 --> 01:05:28,280
Speaker 20: again on our next episode. In the meantime, I'll see

1022
01:05:28,320 --> 01:05:31,280
Speaker 20: you on all of our social media and remember not

1023
01:05:31,400 --> 01:05:33,120
Speaker 20: te bayes nunca joo.

1024
01:05:35,720 --> 01:05:40,000
Speaker 25: Latino USA is made possible in part by the Anni E.

1025
01:05:40,240 --> 01:05:43,960
Speaker 25: Casey Foundation creates a brighter future for the nation's children

1026
01:05:44,240 --> 01:05:49,320
Speaker 25: by strengthening families, building greater economic opportunity, and transforming communities.

1027
01:05:49,760 --> 01:05:53,560
Speaker 25: The Ford Foundation, working with visionaries on the front lines

1028
01:05:53,600 --> 01:05:58,680
Speaker 25: of social change, worldwide, and funding for Latino USA is

1029
01:05:58,760 --> 01:06:01,720
Speaker 25: Coverage of a culture of health is made possible, in

1030
01:06:01,800 --> 01:06:04,520
Speaker 25: part by a grant from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.

1031
01:06:08,840 --> 01:06:13,840
Speaker 6: Yesterday, the Vice President met with some undocumented folks and

1032
01:06:14,640 --> 01:06:17,360
Speaker 6: a couple of weeks ago, she just told people not

1033
01:06:17,480 --> 01:06:20,439
Speaker 6: to come here, Like what is the tea