1
00:00:03,200 --> 00:00:07,520
Speaker 1: Before FIFA was corrupt, it was merely racist, built in

2
00:00:07,520 --> 00:00:10,600
Speaker 1: the image of its colonial architects. FIFA's view of the

3
00:00:10,640 --> 00:00:14,440
Speaker 1: world reflected the privileged white status of its founding members,

4
00:00:15,280 --> 00:00:19,040
Speaker 1: and maybe because of this the corruption was inevitable. Maybe

5
00:00:19,079 --> 00:00:21,439
Speaker 1: it wasn't the results of a few bad apples in

6
00:00:21,440 --> 00:00:26,960
Speaker 1: the barrel, but a bad barrel itself. It's a question

7
00:00:27,000 --> 00:00:30,680
Speaker 1: that might be best answered by looking at FIFA's six President,

8
00:00:30,720 --> 00:00:34,560
Speaker 1: Sir Stanley Rouse, a man with many laudable qualities except

9
00:00:34,600 --> 00:00:37,440
Speaker 1: the one he and the lords of soccer needed most,

10
00:00:38,280 --> 00:00:41,040
Speaker 1: the ability to see beyond the world as it was

11
00:00:41,800 --> 00:00:45,240
Speaker 1: and see the world as it could be if international

12
00:00:45,280 --> 00:00:51,920
Speaker 1: soccer was made a fair game for all. I'm Connor Powell.

13
00:00:52,520 --> 00:01:03,560
Speaker 1: This is episode five. The colonialist. Bobby Moore's white shorts

14
00:01:03,600 --> 00:01:07,320
Speaker 1: were caked with mud, his red number six long Sleep

15
00:01:07,360 --> 00:01:10,600
Speaker 1: England's jersey dripped with sweat as he led his team

16
00:01:10,680 --> 00:01:13,720
Speaker 1: up the steep staircase at London's Wembley Stadium to the

17
00:01:13,840 --> 00:01:17,000
Speaker 1: Royal Box. Bobby Moore leading them up to the Royal

18
00:01:17,000 --> 00:01:20,240
Speaker 1: Box to receive the Jewelry may Cup and the Windows medals.

19
00:01:20,880 --> 00:01:24,280
Speaker 1: Standing there in a light mustard yellow coat and matching

20
00:01:24,319 --> 00:01:28,039
Speaker 1: hat was the young British monarch Queen Elizabeth the second,

21
00:01:28,800 --> 00:01:33,640
Speaker 1: as was FIFA's president, an Englishman named Stanley Rouse. After

22
00:01:33,680 --> 00:01:37,760
Speaker 1: one of those dainty royal handshakes, Queen Elizabeth passed the

23
00:01:37,760 --> 00:01:41,400
Speaker 1: World Cup trophy, named after FIFA's third president, Jules Romay,

24
00:01:41,959 --> 00:01:48,080
Speaker 1: to England's exhausted but ecstatic captain. Before kissing FIFA's golden trophy,

25
00:01:48,440 --> 00:01:51,559
Speaker 1: as was the tradition, More raised it above his head

26
00:01:51,960 --> 00:02:07,720
Speaker 1: in triumph. Winning the nineteen sixty six World Cup over

27
00:02:07,760 --> 00:02:12,000
Speaker 1: West Germany on its home soil remains the proudest moment

28
00:02:12,280 --> 00:02:17,040
Speaker 1: in English soccer history. For mini soccer fans around the world,

29
00:02:17,560 --> 00:02:20,480
Speaker 1: that nineteen sixty six tournament is the golden Age of

30
00:02:20,520 --> 00:02:25,160
Speaker 1: World Cup soccer, an era before commercialism took root, when

31
00:02:25,160 --> 00:02:29,440
Speaker 1: the game itself, not politics or profit, was front and center.

32
00:02:30,280 --> 00:02:34,400
Speaker 1: This golden era, like most of its kind, is a myth,

33
00:02:35,160 --> 00:02:39,320
Speaker 1: an incomplete and often inaccurate story old men tell themselves

34
00:02:39,360 --> 00:02:44,399
Speaker 1: to avoid an honest historical accounting. Two years before More

35
00:02:44,520 --> 00:02:49,120
Speaker 1: raised that precious trophy, FIFA's leadership made a series of

36
00:02:49,160 --> 00:02:53,800
Speaker 1: decisions that caused the entire African continent and it's fifteen

37
00:02:53,840 --> 00:02:57,919
Speaker 1: World Cup eligible nations to boycott the nineteen sixty six tournament.

38
00:02:58,960 --> 00:03:03,320
Speaker 1: Think about that an entire continent skipped the World Cup.

39
00:03:04,400 --> 00:03:08,600
Speaker 1: That's quite a footnote for the history books. The seeds

40
00:03:08,600 --> 00:03:12,880
Speaker 1: of this boycott were planted years before, and while FIFA

41
00:03:13,120 --> 00:03:16,040
Speaker 1: was not then the criminal organization that we've come to

42
00:03:16,120 --> 00:03:18,880
Speaker 1: know in our previous episodes, run by the likes of

43
00:03:19,000 --> 00:03:23,160
Speaker 1: Set Bladder, Chuck Blazer, and Jack Warner, it was very

44
00:03:23,240 --> 00:03:28,640
Speaker 1: much a Eurocentric colonialists and straight up racist institution. In

45
00:03:28,800 --> 00:03:31,720
Speaker 1: this episode and the next few, I want to tell

46
00:03:31,720 --> 00:03:35,680
Speaker 1: you about FIFA's history, one that looks beyond the polished

47
00:03:35,680 --> 00:03:39,000
Speaker 1: golden air packaging that you find on FIFA's website and

48
00:03:39,040 --> 00:03:43,360
Speaker 1: share a reeler history that includes the bigotry and racism

49
00:03:43,360 --> 00:03:47,000
Speaker 1: that robbed an entire continent of even a chance at

50
00:03:47,000 --> 00:03:51,520
Speaker 1: World Cup glory, and the embrace of ruthless authoritarian regimes

51
00:03:51,520 --> 00:03:55,040
Speaker 1: that put profits ahead of everything the game stands for.

52
00:03:56,120 --> 00:04:09,000
Speaker 1: These are the golden years. The President's as Stanley Ross

53
00:04:09,080 --> 00:04:13,120
Speaker 1: and officials are FIFA. The International Football Federation met at

54
00:04:13,120 --> 00:04:15,640
Speaker 1: the London Hotel to make the draw for the World

55
00:04:15,640 --> 00:04:21,200
Speaker 1: Cup competition. It was a very English affair, shiny silver

56
00:04:21,320 --> 00:04:25,440
Speaker 1: trophy cups with decorative winged handles line the front of

57
00:04:25,480 --> 00:04:28,640
Speaker 1: the podium in the smoke filled ballroom of London's Royal

58
00:04:28,640 --> 00:04:33,039
Speaker 1: Garden Hotel. There are four trophies, one for each of

59
00:04:33,080 --> 00:04:35,240
Speaker 1: the four groups that will play in the first round

60
00:04:35,240 --> 00:04:38,520
Speaker 1: of the upcoming World Cup. A sea of old men

61
00:04:38,640 --> 00:04:43,160
Speaker 1: with mostly white faces stared intensely at the FIFA officials

62
00:04:43,760 --> 00:04:48,120
Speaker 1: sitting on the stage. A fifth trophy, also silver plated

63
00:04:48,520 --> 00:04:52,040
Speaker 1: but covered with a handkerchief, is full of sixteen slips

64
00:04:52,040 --> 00:04:54,920
Speaker 1: of paper. Each slip of paper has the name of

65
00:04:54,960 --> 00:04:58,760
Speaker 1: a national team, and after a shake or two, piece

66
00:04:58,800 --> 00:05:01,520
Speaker 1: of paper is pulled out, the name of the country

67
00:05:01,520 --> 00:05:03,560
Speaker 1: has read aloud and the slip of paper has dropped

68
00:05:03,560 --> 00:05:06,880
Speaker 1: into one of the four corresponding trophies. That's how the

69
00:05:06,920 --> 00:05:12,919
Speaker 1: first round matches of the sixteen teams are decided. England,

70
00:05:15,120 --> 00:05:19,799
Speaker 1: in the opening match on July eleventh at Wembley, one

71
00:05:20,200 --> 00:05:24,880
Speaker 1: by one, FIFA's president Stanley Rouse, that was his voice

72
00:05:24,920 --> 00:05:28,039
Speaker 1: there read out the names of the teams competing in

73
00:05:28,080 --> 00:05:31,839
Speaker 1: the nineteen sixty six World Cup. It's a quaint scene

74
00:05:31,839 --> 00:05:35,160
Speaker 1: that had been repeated in one form or another seven

75
00:05:35,160 --> 00:05:38,880
Speaker 1: times previously, ever since FIFA had become the lords of

76
00:05:38,920 --> 00:05:42,839
Speaker 1: Soccer and held it's inaugural championship tournament in nineteen thirty

77
00:05:42,960 --> 00:05:47,960
Speaker 1: in Uruguay. Unlike today, where FIFA's big decisions have become

78
00:05:48,200 --> 00:05:52,120
Speaker 1: star studded affairs, early events were more like high tea

79
00:05:52,640 --> 00:05:56,760
Speaker 1: and far less flashy as British soccer historians do. Horseville

80
00:05:56,760 --> 00:06:01,160
Speaker 1: told me the draw for the World Cup, for example,

81
00:06:01,240 --> 00:06:04,599
Speaker 1: it's very business like. It's sort of two platforms of men,

82
00:06:05,120 --> 00:06:08,640
Speaker 1: names drawn out. It's noted down on paper, it's popped

83
00:06:08,640 --> 00:06:14,200
Speaker 1: on a board and not setting. Everything's finishing. So let's

84
00:06:14,240 --> 00:06:17,160
Speaker 1: go back to FIFA's very start in nineteen o four.

85
00:06:17,560 --> 00:06:21,160
Speaker 1: The organization was far more rudimentary than it is today.

86
00:06:21,680 --> 00:06:24,280
Speaker 1: It was all about staging matches. It was the end

87
00:06:24,320 --> 00:06:27,400
Speaker 1: of the nineteenth century and soccer's popularity was surging around

88
00:06:27,440 --> 00:06:31,920
Speaker 1: the globe, particularly in Europe and South America. The oldest

89
00:06:31,960 --> 00:06:35,200
Speaker 1: international football matches England versus Scotland. The second oldest is

90
00:06:35,320 --> 00:06:38,640
Speaker 1: Argentina versus Uruguay. You know, so it was a very

91
00:06:38,760 --> 00:06:43,520
Speaker 1: much two continent sport. There was a big problem. The

92
00:06:43,720 --> 00:06:47,239
Speaker 1: rules of soccer vary from country to country. Even town

93
00:06:47,279 --> 00:06:51,280
Speaker 1: to town matches were regularly played under one set of rules.

94
00:06:51,360 --> 00:06:54,000
Speaker 1: During the first half of the game and another in

95
00:06:54,040 --> 00:06:58,040
Speaker 1: the second half. Promoters have begun to stage international competitions,

96
00:06:58,360 --> 00:07:02,040
Speaker 1: and for soccer to survive, i even thrive, the rules

97
00:07:02,080 --> 00:07:08,039
Speaker 1: needed to be unified. So I'm May one. Four representatives

98
00:07:08,080 --> 00:07:14,360
Speaker 1: from seven national federations France, Belgium, Spain, Sweden, Denmark, Switzerland

99
00:07:14,480 --> 00:07:17,320
Speaker 1: and the Netherlands met in the back room of a

100
00:07:17,360 --> 00:07:20,960
Speaker 1: Parisian sports club to codify the rules of international soccer.

101
00:07:21,960 --> 00:07:26,120
Speaker 1: You'll notice the slate doesn't include any South American countries.

102
00:07:26,760 --> 00:07:29,720
Speaker 1: In nineteen o four, many of those countries were treated

103
00:07:29,760 --> 00:07:34,280
Speaker 1: as more colonies aligned with Europe than as fully independent nations.

104
00:07:34,840 --> 00:07:44,920
Speaker 1: Will be then the footboard associates FIFA. FIFA's own portrayal

105
00:07:44,920 --> 00:07:48,240
Speaker 1: of the moment is captured in a ridiculous self produced

106
00:07:48,320 --> 00:07:53,240
Speaker 1: propaganda film called United Passions, released in America at the

107
00:07:53,280 --> 00:07:56,280
Speaker 1: height of FIFA's two thousand and fifteen corruption scandal. The

108
00:07:56,360 --> 00:07:59,640
Speaker 1: film grows less than a thousand dollars in the US

109
00:07:59,680 --> 00:08:03,640
Speaker 1: on its opening weekend. The film celebrates the signing of

110
00:08:03,640 --> 00:08:06,280
Speaker 1: the FIFA Charter, treated it as something akin to the

111
00:08:06,280 --> 00:08:09,880
Speaker 1: signing of the Magna Carta or the Declaration of Independence.

112
00:08:10,680 --> 00:08:14,360
Speaker 1: The humorous is just well pronounced, but back to our

113
00:08:14,400 --> 00:08:18,040
Speaker 1: history lesson. Within a few years of its formation, FIFA

114
00:08:18,080 --> 00:08:22,679
Speaker 1: added England, Germany, South Africa, Argentina and Chile to its club.

115
00:08:23,720 --> 00:08:27,640
Speaker 1: This made the soccer organization, at least on paper, global.

116
00:08:28,320 --> 00:08:32,880
Speaker 1: In reality, FIFA's beating heart remained European, and its administrators

117
00:08:32,880 --> 00:08:36,680
Speaker 1: did little to integrate the South Americans, who really had

118
00:08:36,720 --> 00:08:42,120
Speaker 1: no role in managing world soccer. During FIFA's first seventy years,

119
00:08:42,160 --> 00:08:46,760
Speaker 1: all eleven of its permanent presidents in general secretaries came

120
00:08:46,800 --> 00:08:51,120
Speaker 1: from Europe. South American soccer and its issues rarely, if ever,

121
00:08:51,160 --> 00:08:55,840
Speaker 1: made it onto FIFA's agenda. It was a very Eurocentric organization,

122
00:08:56,160 --> 00:09:02,280
Speaker 1: so with that came this philosophy of colone realism imperialism.

123
00:09:02,280 --> 00:09:05,679
Speaker 1: With the exception of Switzerland, all of FIFA's founding members

124
00:09:05,720 --> 00:09:11,120
Speaker 1: were former or current colonial powers. FIFA's early administrators came

125
00:09:11,120 --> 00:09:15,000
Speaker 1: from that world, grew up in that world. Nineteenth century

126
00:09:15,080 --> 00:09:20,520
Speaker 1: colonialism and Christian superiority were to them given, and they

127
00:09:20,559 --> 00:09:24,720
Speaker 1: often viewed non European countries, particularly they're current and former

128
00:09:24,760 --> 00:09:31,200
Speaker 1: colonies with disdain. Some, like General Secretary Carl Anton Wilhelm Hirschman,

129
00:09:31,520 --> 00:09:35,120
Speaker 1: even resisted FIFA's South American expansion on the grounds it

130
00:09:35,120 --> 00:09:40,920
Speaker 1: would dilute the organization's European and enlightened character. Even presidents

131
00:09:40,920 --> 00:09:44,760
Speaker 1: who supported FIFA's early expansion from Jewels were made to

132
00:09:45,000 --> 00:09:50,160
Speaker 1: Arthur Drury to Stanley Ross still believe soccer radiated from Europe.

133
00:09:50,840 --> 00:09:54,360
Speaker 1: They viewed these non European countries as less civilized and

134
00:09:54,559 --> 00:10:00,079
Speaker 1: incapable of leadership and global affairs. Most shamefully, Fee of

135
00:10:00,120 --> 00:10:03,280
Speaker 1: his founders believe these countries would only come into the

136
00:10:03,280 --> 00:10:07,320
Speaker 1: twentieth century if they followed the steady hand and firm

137
00:10:07,440 --> 00:10:12,360
Speaker 1: rules of European institutions. Nowhere was this reality more evident

138
00:10:12,679 --> 00:10:15,840
Speaker 1: than in World Cup draws, where the lords of soccer

139
00:10:16,080 --> 00:10:20,559
Speaker 1: often excluded non white countries. Here, again, Stu horse Field,

140
00:10:21,120 --> 00:10:25,520
Speaker 1: when you have European presidents who come from nations who

141
00:10:25,520 --> 00:10:29,959
Speaker 1: have colonized African states, there is always going to become flat.

142
00:10:30,040 --> 00:10:32,720
Speaker 1: There is always going to be this issue of race

143
00:10:32,840 --> 00:10:36,120
Speaker 1: and repression. So in the spring of nineteen sixty six,

144
00:10:36,640 --> 00:10:39,160
Speaker 1: as Sir Stanley Rouse read out the names of the

145
00:10:39,200 --> 00:10:42,400
Speaker 1: sixteen nations invited to compete in the World Cup, I

146
00:10:42,520 --> 00:10:45,400
Speaker 1: wanted to put this sequence of matches now on the

147
00:10:45,440 --> 00:10:48,920
Speaker 1: board on the lift ten were from Europe, five or

148
00:10:48,960 --> 00:10:53,440
Speaker 1: from Latin America, and one was from Asia. None were

149
00:10:53,520 --> 00:10:56,880
Speaker 1: from Africa. It might have been called a World Cup,

150
00:10:57,880 --> 00:11:00,120
Speaker 1: but it was more like a European Championship with a

151
00:11:00,120 --> 00:11:03,960
Speaker 1: few friendly nations invited to the party. Which it's just

152
00:11:04,040 --> 00:11:07,480
Speaker 1: the way FIFA's European leadership liked it. Keep in mind

153
00:11:07,679 --> 00:11:11,199
Speaker 1: it was now nineteen sixty six, not eighteen sixty six.

154
00:11:11,559 --> 00:11:14,720
Speaker 1: The Beatles were closer to their end than their beginning.

155
00:11:15,080 --> 00:11:18,440
Speaker 1: The Summer of Love was just two years away. The

156
00:11:18,520 --> 00:11:23,040
Speaker 1: US Civil Rights Bill had just been passed. FIFA, in

157
00:11:23,280 --> 00:11:26,080
Speaker 1: all of its humors, was continuing to expand with the

158
00:11:26,120 --> 00:11:29,719
Speaker 1: idea that its vision would rule the world. But the

159
00:11:29,760 --> 00:11:42,760
Speaker 1: world was starting to see things differently. Small plumes of

160
00:11:42,840 --> 00:11:46,880
Speaker 1: black smoke rose into the air. It's March nine sixty

161
00:11:47,160 --> 00:11:52,560
Speaker 1: and the Sharpville township of South Africa. Men, women, and children,

162
00:11:52,880 --> 00:11:55,120
Speaker 1: young and old are seeing hymns as they burned their

163
00:11:55,160 --> 00:12:00,240
Speaker 1: government issued identification cards. The white police ordered the black

164
00:12:00,280 --> 00:12:03,720
Speaker 1: demonstrators to stop and back away from the police station's

165
00:12:03,760 --> 00:12:09,080
Speaker 1: flimsy chain length defense. They protesters ignored the parking commands

166
00:12:09,520 --> 00:12:14,280
Speaker 1: and continued protesting. The Aparthei regime's newest racial decree that

167
00:12:14,440 --> 00:12:18,000
Speaker 1: required black South Africans to always carry their ideas or

168
00:12:18,240 --> 00:12:22,840
Speaker 1: face arrest. The peaceful protests turns ugly when a squadron

169
00:12:22,880 --> 00:12:26,079
Speaker 1: of US built Fight SI saber jets buzzed the crowd

170
00:12:26,200 --> 00:12:30,559
Speaker 1: to scare protesters away. That's when the rocks begin to fly,

171
00:12:31,520 --> 00:12:33,960
Speaker 1: raining down on the one and fifty or so white

172
00:12:34,040 --> 00:12:38,199
Speaker 1: police officers. Police get the command to load their weapons,

173
00:12:38,679 --> 00:12:44,640
Speaker 1: then can be ordered a fire. Gunshots ripped through the

174
00:12:44,720 --> 00:12:52,200
Speaker 1: backs of unarmed protesters as they fled. The Charville massacre

175
00:12:52,320 --> 00:12:56,560
Speaker 1: as the march murders are now known, left sixty nine

176
00:12:56,600 --> 00:13:00,319
Speaker 1: people dead and hundreds more injured. It all so put

177
00:13:00,360 --> 00:13:03,760
Speaker 1: an international spotlight on the South African government and it's

178
00:13:03,840 --> 00:13:08,719
Speaker 1: horrific apartheid system. Historian Peter A. Legie wrote about the

179
00:13:08,760 --> 00:13:11,600
Speaker 1: events of that day in his book African Soccer Escapes,

180
00:13:12,240 --> 00:13:15,240
Speaker 1: How a Continent changed the world's game well apart It

181
00:13:15,440 --> 00:13:20,679
Speaker 1: was a harsh form of government sanctioned racism and segregation,

182
00:13:21,000 --> 00:13:24,640
Speaker 1: carried out by a white minority in a country where

183
00:13:24,679 --> 00:13:28,559
Speaker 1: they never represented more than twent of the population. If

184
00:13:28,600 --> 00:13:32,199
Speaker 1: the white Afrikaans government was embarrassed or remorseful about the

185
00:13:32,360 --> 00:13:36,800
Speaker 1: vicious and racist attack, they didn't show it now they

186
00:13:36,880 --> 00:13:40,360
Speaker 1: doubled down a little more than a week after the

187
00:13:40,440 --> 00:13:44,800
Speaker 1: Sharpville massacre, the Interior Minister Yon the Clerk, said the

188
00:13:44,880 --> 00:13:49,400
Speaker 1: segregation of South African sports would continue, especially in the

189
00:13:49,520 --> 00:13:53,800
Speaker 1: increasingly popular game of soccer. Not only were mixed race

190
00:13:53,880 --> 00:13:57,760
Speaker 1: teams outlawed in South Africa, but so were mixed race

191
00:13:57,880 --> 00:14:02,040
Speaker 1: teams from other nations. This would be a big test

192
00:14:02,320 --> 00:14:14,280
Speaker 1: for FIFA. The Agusty era was thick and oppressive when

193
00:14:14,360 --> 00:14:18,280
Speaker 1: FIFA gathered for its nineteen sixty World Congress, but the

194
00:14:18,440 --> 00:14:22,440
Speaker 1: scorching Mediterranean son wasn't the only thing causing delegates from

195
00:14:22,440 --> 00:14:25,760
Speaker 1: FIFA's now sixty nine member nations the sweat that summer.

196
00:14:26,800 --> 00:14:31,640
Speaker 1: Only three years before, Egypt, Ethiopia, Sudan and South Africa,

197
00:14:32,240 --> 00:14:35,960
Speaker 1: the only four independent nations in Africa, united to form

198
00:14:36,000 --> 00:14:40,840
Speaker 1: the Confederation of African Football or CALF. CALF gave the

199
00:14:40,920 --> 00:14:45,400
Speaker 1: continent a permanent say inside FIFA, and while some in

200
00:14:45,520 --> 00:14:49,240
Speaker 1: FIFA's leadership saw the formation of CALF as a healthy

201
00:14:49,360 --> 00:14:53,240
Speaker 1: sign of soccer's global reach, the expansion was a political

202
00:14:53,400 --> 00:14:59,640
Speaker 1: conundrum for FIFA's old guard. Here Again, as historian Peter A. Legie, Egyptians,

203
00:14:59,640 --> 00:15:03,200
Speaker 1: Ethio Opens and Sudanese demanded that South Africa field they

204
00:15:03,320 --> 00:15:08,080
Speaker 1: racially integrated team at that inaugural African Nations Cup in Cartoum,

205
00:15:08,600 --> 00:15:12,720
Speaker 1: but the White Association refused to do so, basically hiding

206
00:15:12,880 --> 00:15:17,280
Speaker 1: behind an excuse that they couldn't do anything about government policy.

207
00:15:18,000 --> 00:15:21,360
Speaker 1: Citing its policy of racial and tolerance. These three African

208
00:15:21,400 --> 00:15:24,960
Speaker 1: countries voted to expel South Africa from CALF shortly after

209
00:15:25,040 --> 00:15:29,560
Speaker 1: its formation. Now in Rome, with the Sharpville massacre still

210
00:15:29,640 --> 00:15:32,720
Speaker 1: fresh in the mind of its delegates, the same three

211
00:15:32,760 --> 00:15:37,320
Speaker 1: African nations demanded FIFA boot South Africa from the global

212
00:15:37,400 --> 00:15:42,680
Speaker 1: soccer community. It was an inherently racist football organization that

213
00:15:43,160 --> 00:15:47,040
Speaker 1: would not tolerate mixed race teams. It would not tolerate

214
00:15:47,680 --> 00:15:52,360
Speaker 1: competition between black teams or white teams. FIFA was formed

215
00:15:52,440 --> 00:15:56,200
Speaker 1: by Europeans for the sole purpose of governing international soccer,

216
00:15:57,120 --> 00:15:59,960
Speaker 1: so the idea of FIFA expelling one of their own

217
00:16:00,160 --> 00:16:05,320
Speaker 1: for political reasons was unthinkable to most of FIFA's Eurocentric members,

218
00:16:06,080 --> 00:16:09,120
Speaker 1: especially since such a move would force those same nations

219
00:16:09,760 --> 00:16:13,240
Speaker 1: to look directly at their own colonial pass FIFA was

220
00:16:13,400 --> 00:16:17,960
Speaker 1: terribly concerned about the political ramifications of this Within the organization,

221
00:16:18,720 --> 00:16:22,280
Speaker 1: Many of the non European, non white delegates felt the

222
00:16:22,480 --> 00:16:27,520
Speaker 1: organization had to act. Doing nothing risk undermining FIFA's policy

223
00:16:27,560 --> 00:16:31,720
Speaker 1: of non discrimination towards players of all races. Under the

224
00:16:31,800 --> 00:16:36,280
Speaker 1: sweltering Roman sky, FIFA's Congress voted fifty two to ten

225
00:16:36,880 --> 00:16:40,600
Speaker 1: to adopt a resolution declaring soccer matches open to all people,

226
00:16:41,200 --> 00:16:45,040
Speaker 1: regardless of race or religion. They stopped short of kicking

227
00:16:45,120 --> 00:16:49,560
Speaker 1: South Africa out directly. Instead, they said in the nation

228
00:16:49,680 --> 00:16:53,680
Speaker 1: that continued to practice racial discrimination would be expelled from

229
00:16:53,760 --> 00:16:57,960
Speaker 1: FIFA within a year. It was a courageous policy forced

230
00:16:58,040 --> 00:17:01,960
Speaker 1: on the founders by FIFA's newest members, and it had

231
00:17:02,120 --> 00:17:07,480
Speaker 1: real consequences, as Allegedy explains, by a late nineteen six one,

232
00:17:07,640 --> 00:17:10,480
Speaker 1: time was up. South Africa turned down the opportunity to

233
00:17:10,800 --> 00:17:15,320
Speaker 1: introduce racially integrated football, and FIFA suspended South African September

234
00:17:15,320 --> 00:17:19,480
Speaker 1: of sixty one. The suspension meant that the apartheid regime

235
00:17:19,480 --> 00:17:21,840
Speaker 1: would be banned from the World Cup and from any

236
00:17:21,880 --> 00:17:26,800
Speaker 1: other international soccer competitions, a devastating blow to a sporting

237
00:17:26,920 --> 00:17:30,159
Speaker 1: nation that had not yet faced international pressure for its

238
00:17:30,200 --> 00:17:34,040
Speaker 1: apartheid system, and this was a symbolic victory at a

239
00:17:34,240 --> 00:17:39,200
Speaker 1: very difficult time for deliberation movements in South Africa. When FIFA,

240
00:17:39,359 --> 00:17:43,640
Speaker 1: this major global body, sanctioned white South Africa, it instilled

241
00:17:43,760 --> 00:17:47,200
Speaker 1: hope at a very much needed time for most black

242
00:17:47,280 --> 00:17:52,080
Speaker 1: South Africans. It was historic. FIFA had set itself apart

243
00:17:52,200 --> 00:17:56,399
Speaker 1: from most international organizations for its willingness to tackle a

244
00:17:56,520 --> 00:18:00,560
Speaker 1: difficult human rights challenge. This was really the first major

245
00:18:00,680 --> 00:18:05,400
Speaker 1: incident in international football of expulsion due to racial discrimination,

246
00:18:06,400 --> 00:18:10,680
Speaker 1: but the moment was fleeting. Just three days later, the

247
00:18:11,040 --> 00:18:14,159
Speaker 1: very same group that booted South Africa out elected the

248
00:18:14,200 --> 00:18:18,680
Speaker 1: conservative Englishman Stanley Rouse, a staunch defender of South Africa,

249
00:18:19,080 --> 00:18:23,040
Speaker 1: as its president, and in so doing set up more

250
00:18:23,080 --> 00:18:31,800
Speaker 1: than a decade of conflict. Stanley Rouse rarely gave an

251
00:18:31,840 --> 00:18:34,879
Speaker 1: inch to anyone. At six ft three inches tall, the

252
00:18:34,920 --> 00:18:38,520
Speaker 1: former English referee, school teacher and soccer official was a

253
00:18:38,640 --> 00:18:42,560
Speaker 1: mountain of a man on and off the pitch. Stodgy

254
00:18:42,680 --> 00:18:46,000
Speaker 1: and self righteous, he believed the rules of soccer, like

255
00:18:46,119 --> 00:18:50,440
Speaker 1: the rules governing civilized society, were sacro sainct. There was right,

256
00:18:51,000 --> 00:18:54,600
Speaker 1: there was wrong, there was black and there was white.

257
00:18:55,440 --> 00:18:59,119
Speaker 1: Here again as Stu Horsfield, he was very intelligent without

258
00:18:59,160 --> 00:19:01,480
Speaker 1: being a great Denies are in a great thinker. He

259
00:19:01,600 --> 00:19:06,000
Speaker 1: was very stable, incredibly stable person. FIFA sixth president was

260
00:19:06,080 --> 00:19:07,800
Speaker 1: once asked by a journalist if he had ever been

261
00:19:07,840 --> 00:19:10,879
Speaker 1: offered a bribe. Rolse sneered at the question and the

262
00:19:10,960 --> 00:19:14,119
Speaker 1: implication that a man of his moral grounding could be

263
00:19:14,320 --> 00:19:19,120
Speaker 1: corrupted by money. He insisted that any attempt to bribe

264
00:19:19,160 --> 00:19:21,440
Speaker 1: him would be a foolish endeavor, and he vowed that

265
00:19:21,480 --> 00:19:24,840
Speaker 1: anyone who tried would be expelled from the sport. He

266
00:19:25,080 --> 00:19:28,560
Speaker 1: was so incorruptible. He said, anyone who wanted to be

267
00:19:28,640 --> 00:19:31,320
Speaker 1: on a FIFA committee should pay for their own train

268
00:19:31,400 --> 00:19:34,000
Speaker 1: ticket or airfare to Zurich, now the home of FIFA,

269
00:19:34,480 --> 00:19:39,240
Speaker 1: and earned their spot. The only thing more rigid more

270
00:19:39,760 --> 00:19:45,800
Speaker 1: immovable than Rouse's Victorian principles were his steadfast imperialist beliefs.

271
00:19:46,640 --> 00:19:50,680
Speaker 1: Rouse believed in the superiority of the British Empire. He

272
00:19:50,840 --> 00:19:54,960
Speaker 1: also believed, as only someone so set in their ways can,

273
00:19:55,720 --> 00:20:00,480
Speaker 1: that his views were beyond politics. They were fundamental. As such,

274
00:20:00,760 --> 00:20:04,960
Speaker 1: he said sports and politics should never mix, nor should

275
00:20:05,040 --> 00:20:08,960
Speaker 1: sports be used to promote a political agenda. As a

276
00:20:09,080 --> 00:20:12,440
Speaker 1: very well educated young man, he was also all his

277
00:20:12,680 --> 00:20:16,000
Speaker 1: time a man who believed in the amateury thoughts and

278
00:20:16,080 --> 00:20:21,280
Speaker 1: the sport shouldn't be a battleground for politics. Rouse once

279
00:20:21,359 --> 00:20:26,280
Speaker 1: described an African referee training program as missionary work, which

280
00:20:26,320 --> 00:20:29,280
Speaker 1: I guess means Rouse wasn't against mixing sports, religion and

281
00:20:29,400 --> 00:20:33,399
Speaker 1: politics if his own conservative, Christian and colonialist beliefs were

282
00:20:33,440 --> 00:20:38,120
Speaker 1: being upheld. So it might not surprise you to learn

283
00:20:38,320 --> 00:20:42,280
Speaker 1: that Rouse was a vocal supporter of and regularly expressed

284
00:20:42,280 --> 00:20:46,879
Speaker 1: sympathy for South Africa's brutal apartheid regime and it's all

285
00:20:46,920 --> 00:20:51,200
Speaker 1: white soccer association. When Rousse was elected FIFA president just

286
00:20:51,520 --> 00:20:55,840
Speaker 1: three days after the organization suspended South Africa, he immediately

287
00:20:55,920 --> 00:20:59,520
Speaker 1: went to work to undo the ban. He was constantly

288
00:20:59,600 --> 00:21:02,200
Speaker 1: trying to find ways to get a party in South

289
00:21:02,200 --> 00:21:07,240
Speaker 1: Africa readmitted, and this really angered many members of FIFA

290
00:21:07,359 --> 00:21:10,440
Speaker 1: as well as, of course, the anti apartheid movement as

291
00:21:10,480 --> 00:21:14,800
Speaker 1: a whole. In January of nineteen sixty three, Rouse led

292
00:21:14,840 --> 00:21:18,280
Speaker 1: a delegation to South Africa too. I guess the word

293
00:21:18,400 --> 00:21:22,399
Speaker 1: is investigate the situation. You'll hear the details in just

294
00:21:22,560 --> 00:21:24,320
Speaker 1: a moment, but let me give you the top line.

295
00:21:25,200 --> 00:21:28,840
Speaker 1: RALS met with the government sanctions all white pro apartheid

296
00:21:28,920 --> 00:21:32,680
Speaker 1: Football Association of South Africa and he met with a

297
00:21:32,800 --> 00:21:38,200
Speaker 1: breakaway football delegation, the racially mixed South African Soccer Federation.

298
00:21:39,160 --> 00:21:42,160
Speaker 1: He took the side of the white guys here again

299
00:21:42,280 --> 00:21:45,560
Speaker 1: his Stu Horse film the South African Soccer Federation, who

300
00:21:45,640 --> 00:21:49,120
Speaker 1: set themselves up as an alternative governing body whose mandate

301
00:21:49,280 --> 00:21:53,360
Speaker 1: was to represent all of South Africa, so white South Africans,

302
00:21:53,359 --> 00:21:56,480
Speaker 1: black South Africans, mixed Ray South Africans, but Stanna Rousse

303
00:21:56,520 --> 00:22:00,240
Speaker 1: refused to recognize them. FIFA's president returned home them with

304
00:22:00,280 --> 00:22:03,480
Speaker 1: a glowing report of the Football Association of South Africa

305
00:22:04,080 --> 00:22:07,920
Speaker 1: and recommended FIFA's Executive Council reinstate the old white group.

306
00:22:08,680 --> 00:22:14,560
Speaker 1: They produced a truly astounding report that concluded that there

307
00:22:14,680 --> 00:22:19,880
Speaker 1: was no racial discrimination in South Africa, and as a result,

308
00:22:21,359 --> 00:22:24,920
Speaker 1: FIFA lifted temporarily this suspension on a part to in

309
00:22:25,000 --> 00:22:31,159
Speaker 1: South Africa. This was rather incredible, Indeed, the reaction of

310
00:22:31,800 --> 00:22:37,399
Speaker 1: many members was outreache. The African continent just saw that

311
00:22:37,840 --> 00:22:41,720
Speaker 1: as another indicated that while Stanley Rouse was in charge,

312
00:22:42,119 --> 00:22:52,960
Speaker 1: FIFA would be an inherently racist organization. When Stanley Rouse's

313
00:22:53,040 --> 00:22:57,640
Speaker 1: playing touchdown in Egypt in January of n Cairo's once

314
00:22:57,760 --> 00:23:00,680
Speaker 1: rudimentary airport was nearing the end of a six year

315
00:23:00,760 --> 00:23:05,520
Speaker 1: construction project, two new runways and a spacious modern terminal,

316
00:23:06,080 --> 00:23:09,040
Speaker 1: or just weeks away from opening. It was to be

317
00:23:09,240 --> 00:23:12,520
Speaker 1: a symbol of just how far Egypt and Africa had

318
00:23:12,520 --> 00:23:16,680
Speaker 1: advanced since independence. But if the continent was looking to

319
00:23:16,760 --> 00:23:20,600
Speaker 1: the future, FIFA's president arrived carrying the baggage of its

320
00:23:20,680 --> 00:23:26,600
Speaker 1: colonial past. Rouse had just finished his investigation into South Africa,

321
00:23:27,080 --> 00:23:31,320
Speaker 1: and after FIFA's Executive Committee officially reinstated South Africa under

322
00:23:31,400 --> 00:23:35,119
Speaker 1: Rouse's direction, he stopped in Cairo for the Confederation of

323
00:23:35,160 --> 00:23:39,879
Speaker 1: African Football's General Assembly. Much like the airport, CALF was

324
00:23:39,920 --> 00:23:44,120
Speaker 1: going through a remarkable transformation, growing from just four member

325
00:23:44,240 --> 00:23:47,320
Speaker 1: nations in ninety seven to more than thirty a few

326
00:23:47,440 --> 00:23:51,160
Speaker 1: years later. As it grew in size, Peter Leggie says,

327
00:23:51,440 --> 00:23:56,160
Speaker 1: and also grew in confidence. As more African nations wonder independence.

328
00:23:56,240 --> 00:23:59,280
Speaker 1: In the late fifties and especially in the sixties, this

329
00:23:59,520 --> 00:24:03,120
Speaker 1: relationship ship between FIFA and Africa became more and more contentious.

330
00:24:03,960 --> 00:24:06,840
Speaker 1: The meeting between Rouse and the African delegates was every

331
00:24:06,880 --> 00:24:11,240
Speaker 1: bit as tense and confrontational as you would expect. During

332
00:24:11,280 --> 00:24:13,879
Speaker 1: his opening speech, Rylse City had seen no evidence of

333
00:24:13,960 --> 00:24:18,879
Speaker 1: discrimination in South Africa, and in a very paternalistic tone,

334
00:24:19,320 --> 00:24:22,159
Speaker 1: the Englishman suggested fiefa's African members would just have to

335
00:24:22,440 --> 00:24:27,520
Speaker 1: accept the Executive Committee's decision. Now, South Africa was just

336
00:24:27,720 --> 00:24:31,640
Speaker 1: one point of contention in that meeting. Despite adding dozens

337
00:24:31,680 --> 00:24:34,560
Speaker 1: of new nations the FIFA's membership rollins since World War Two,

338
00:24:35,400 --> 00:24:39,560
Speaker 1: the World Cup remained anything but a global tournament. At

339
00:24:39,600 --> 00:24:42,200
Speaker 1: the nineteen fifty eight in nineteen sixty two World Cups,

340
00:24:42,440 --> 00:24:45,000
Speaker 1: the only sides that qualified for the competition were from

341
00:24:45,080 --> 00:24:48,720
Speaker 1: Latin America and Europe. There were no African or Asian

342
00:24:48,760 --> 00:24:52,960
Speaker 1: teams represented. This only added to the strong sense that

343
00:24:53,080 --> 00:24:56,240
Speaker 1: the World Cup was essentially a European soccer festival that,

344
00:24:56,880 --> 00:24:59,920
Speaker 1: as I said earlier, allowed a few Latin American friends

345
00:25:00,080 --> 00:25:04,240
Speaker 1: that crash the party. Calf lobby Rouse and FIFA's Executive

346
00:25:04,240 --> 00:25:07,440
Speaker 1: Committee to give at least one automatic spot to the

347
00:25:07,520 --> 00:25:12,000
Speaker 1: now sizeable African delegation. When FIFA announced that the top

348
00:25:12,080 --> 00:25:14,520
Speaker 1: African and the top Asian team would be forced to

349
00:25:14,560 --> 00:25:17,320
Speaker 1: compete in a winner take all playoff to secure the

350
00:25:17,520 --> 00:25:21,439
Speaker 1: one non European, non Latin American spot in the nineteen

351
00:25:21,480 --> 00:25:24,960
Speaker 1: sixty six World Cup, Calf decided the only way to

352
00:25:25,080 --> 00:25:29,080
Speaker 1: force FIFA to take their concerns seriously was the withdrawal

353
00:25:29,160 --> 00:25:33,160
Speaker 1: in mass from the global tournament. In other words, stage

354
00:25:33,160 --> 00:25:37,560
Speaker 1: of boycott. So Africa just boycotts in the entire World

355
00:25:37,560 --> 00:25:40,720
Speaker 1: Cup qualification process and didn't end to the tournament. Some

356
00:25:40,960 --> 00:25:43,439
Speaker 1: seventy nations tried to earn a spot in the nineteen

357
00:25:43,520 --> 00:25:46,760
Speaker 1: sixty six World Cup, none of course, were from Africa,

358
00:25:47,640 --> 00:25:50,919
Speaker 1: but the continent was represented at least in terms of talent.

359
00:25:51,880 --> 00:25:54,920
Speaker 1: While England won the tournament on its home soil and

360
00:25:55,040 --> 00:25:58,320
Speaker 1: Bobby Moore hoisted the Jewels were made trophy before eighty

361
00:25:58,400 --> 00:26:02,119
Speaker 1: thou ecstatic English fans. The top goal scorer of the

362
00:26:02,200 --> 00:26:06,760
Speaker 1: tournament played for Portugal and was born in Mozambique, then

363
00:26:07,040 --> 00:26:12,000
Speaker 1: a Portuguese colony. Even though the African nations boycott of

364
00:26:12,040 --> 00:26:15,879
Speaker 1: the nineteen sixty six World Cup qualifying process, kaf did

365
00:26:16,000 --> 00:26:19,639
Speaker 1: achieve a big victory off the field. Seventy eight of

366
00:26:19,720 --> 00:26:24,040
Speaker 1: FIFA's one hundred members voted to overturn Stanley Rouse's recommendation

367
00:26:24,760 --> 00:26:29,280
Speaker 1: and once again suspend, though they didn't expel South Africa

368
00:26:29,400 --> 00:26:35,200
Speaker 1: from World soccer play. Rouse had overruled FIFA's membership, and

369
00:26:35,280 --> 00:26:39,720
Speaker 1: now three years later FIFA's members had overruled Rouse. It

370
00:26:39,880 --> 00:26:42,760
Speaker 1: was a monumental slap in the face to South Africa's

371
00:26:42,760 --> 00:26:48,520
Speaker 1: apartheid regime and to Rouse and by Africa had won

372
00:26:48,640 --> 00:26:52,520
Speaker 1: a guaranteed spot in that year's World Cup and those

373
00:26:52,560 --> 00:26:56,119
Speaker 1: turbulent times. The world was changing and Rouse and his

374
00:26:56,320 --> 00:26:59,720
Speaker 1: ilk were stuck in the past, and he would soon

375
00:27:00,000 --> 00:27:03,800
Speaker 1: ace once again the collective wrath of the African continent.

376
00:27:16,760 --> 00:27:20,399
Speaker 1: It was a gray, rainy Dane Frankfurt when Stanley Rouse

377
00:27:20,560 --> 00:27:24,000
Speaker 1: woke and walked to breakfast. For almost thirteen years, the

378
00:27:24,040 --> 00:27:27,520
Speaker 1: aristocratic Englishman had been the most powerful man in world soccer.

379
00:27:28,160 --> 00:27:32,240
Speaker 1: In his mind, his re election was a foregone conclusion. Yeah, sure,

380
00:27:32,280 --> 00:27:35,320
Speaker 1: there had been some disagreements between FIFA's old guarden its

381
00:27:35,359 --> 00:27:38,119
Speaker 1: newer members on his watch, but what Rouse thought were

382
00:27:38,200 --> 00:27:42,280
Speaker 1: isolated disagreements over South Africa and automatic spots at the

383
00:27:42,320 --> 00:27:46,600
Speaker 1: World Cup were clear evidence to his detractors of FIFA's

384
00:27:46,640 --> 00:27:54,520
Speaker 1: inherent racism and ingrain colonial structure. They wanted change. Still,

385
00:27:55,040 --> 00:27:57,840
Speaker 1: as Roose sat drinking his English breakfast tea on the

386
00:27:57,920 --> 00:28:02,400
Speaker 1: morning of June, he saw a little reason to think

387
00:28:02,440 --> 00:28:05,199
Speaker 1: there was anything to worry about other than a light

388
00:28:05,320 --> 00:28:08,960
Speaker 1: rein in the day's forecast. Here's the story in John Sugden,

389
00:28:09,160 --> 00:28:13,240
Speaker 1: author of the book Football, Corruption and Lies. When it

390
00:28:13,320 --> 00:28:15,800
Speaker 1: came to the seventeen four election, he thought he could

391
00:28:15,800 --> 00:28:18,560
Speaker 1: put his feet up and rely on the Africans and

392
00:28:18,600 --> 00:28:20,919
Speaker 1: the agents. He thought he could rely on the support

393
00:28:21,000 --> 00:28:23,360
Speaker 1: because he'd been so loyal to them in his own mind.

394
00:28:24,200 --> 00:28:28,040
Speaker 1: As FIFA's members gathered in West Germany for its presidential election,

395
00:28:28,600 --> 00:28:32,000
Speaker 1: the winds of change were blowing, and Rouse was oblivious.

396
00:28:32,760 --> 00:28:38,440
Speaker 1: Here's Stue Horsfield. It was still convinced that this almost

397
00:28:38,800 --> 00:28:43,120
Speaker 1: colonial attitude of we looked after you since you've come

398
00:28:43,160 --> 00:28:47,160
Speaker 1: into the FIFA family. He still assumed that that was

399
00:28:47,400 --> 00:28:52,800
Speaker 1: enough to secure the vote. He didn't acknowledge the mobilization

400
00:28:53,000 --> 00:28:56,360
Speaker 1: of African nations, of Asian nations and the fact that

401
00:28:56,520 --> 00:28:59,640
Speaker 1: they had had enough, that had enough of what they'd

402
00:28:59,680 --> 00:29:05,560
Speaker 1: seen as an inherently racist organization. Frustrated with Rousse's colonial complacency,

403
00:29:06,000 --> 00:29:09,480
Speaker 1: the Confederation of African Football, which had now grown to

404
00:29:09,560 --> 00:29:13,320
Speaker 1: thirty seven nations, had thrown their support behind the wealthy

405
00:29:13,520 --> 00:29:18,479
Speaker 1: and outspoken Brazilian sports administrator Jiao Havalanche. The fifty eight

406
00:29:18,560 --> 00:29:22,200
Speaker 1: year old former Olympic swimmer positioned himself as a champion

407
00:29:22,440 --> 00:29:26,080
Speaker 1: of the southern and to be blunt browner game of soccer.

408
00:29:27,080 --> 00:29:30,480
Speaker 1: As the Brazilian sports official Silvio Pacheco wrote at the

409
00:29:30,560 --> 00:29:34,560
Speaker 1: time about Jaojavelange, his candidacy is not for South America,

410
00:29:35,080 --> 00:29:38,880
Speaker 1: his candidacy is for the entire world. If Rouss was

411
00:29:38,960 --> 00:29:42,720
Speaker 1: celebrated in the patrician dining rooms of London, Paris and Zurich,

412
00:29:43,240 --> 00:29:45,880
Speaker 1: Havlanch would align himself with the players on the dirt

413
00:29:45,920 --> 00:29:51,560
Speaker 1: pitches of Cairo, Kinshasa and Kingston. Before arriving in Frankfurt

414
00:29:51,560 --> 00:29:55,160
Speaker 1: for the nine election, Havlanch toured the world with the

415
00:29:55,200 --> 00:30:01,400
Speaker 1: Brazilian superstar Pale, visiting a remarkable eighty different countries. During

416
00:30:01,480 --> 00:30:06,360
Speaker 1: this whistle stop tour, Havalanche courted supporters by attacking FIFA's

417
00:30:06,400 --> 00:30:10,200
Speaker 1: European dominance. He vowed to expand the World Cup from

418
00:30:10,320 --> 00:30:14,080
Speaker 1: sixteen to four teams and increase the number of automatic

419
00:30:14,160 --> 00:30:19,239
Speaker 1: spots for Asians and Africans, an expansion Rousse opposed at

420
00:30:19,240 --> 00:30:23,200
Speaker 1: a fear of deluting the tournament's European nature, and most crucially,

421
00:30:23,840 --> 00:30:28,920
Speaker 1: Havalanche promised unlike Rouse to permanently ban South Africa from

422
00:30:29,000 --> 00:30:32,320
Speaker 1: FIFA because of While Stanley Roush refused to acknowledge and

423
00:30:32,360 --> 00:30:38,520
Speaker 1: refused to see, Havalanche very much takes advantage and can

424
00:30:38,720 --> 00:30:42,120
Speaker 1: see the opportunity that's there if he can call the

425
00:30:42,240 --> 00:30:45,760
Speaker 1: African vote and if he can mobilize the African and

426
00:30:45,840 --> 00:30:51,160
Speaker 1: Asian nations. Now. As attractive as these policies were the

427
00:30:51,240 --> 00:30:55,240
Speaker 1: FIFA's newer members, getting them to vote was an entirely

428
00:30:55,360 --> 00:30:59,880
Speaker 1: different matter. Havlange very little scruples, very good at manipulating

429
00:30:59,880 --> 00:31:05,280
Speaker 1: the situations to himself. In many of the newer national

430
00:31:05,360 --> 00:31:08,680
Speaker 1: delegations were poor and they lacked the money to travel

431
00:31:08,800 --> 00:31:13,240
Speaker 1: to far flung Frankfurt for a FIFA congress. So Havalanch,

432
00:31:13,240 --> 00:31:15,480
Speaker 1: who was born the wealthy son of an arms dealer

433
00:31:15,960 --> 00:31:19,600
Speaker 1: and made millions during a very successful business career, used

434
00:31:19,640 --> 00:31:23,320
Speaker 1: his own personal wealth to fly in Key voters before

435
00:31:23,400 --> 00:31:27,120
Speaker 1: the nineteen seventy four election. This just wasn't done within

436
00:31:27,200 --> 00:31:31,200
Speaker 1: the stuffy and aristocratic FIFA, remember rals saying new members

437
00:31:31,240 --> 00:31:34,440
Speaker 1: should buy their own tickets and Rousse they didn't have

438
00:31:34,480 --> 00:31:37,040
Speaker 1: the money anyways to carry out such a crass strategy.

439
00:31:37,800 --> 00:31:41,040
Speaker 1: Habland would later talk openly about the helping hand he

440
00:31:41,120 --> 00:31:44,800
Speaker 1: gave would be supporters. By the time FIFA's members sat

441
00:31:44,840 --> 00:31:48,800
Speaker 1: down to vote, Rouse's miscalculation was on full display. He

442
00:31:48,840 --> 00:31:54,160
Speaker 1: didn't stand a chance. Havalans defeated the uncompromised Englishman sixty

443
00:31:54,200 --> 00:31:57,960
Speaker 1: eight votes to fifty two and became fifa seventh president.

444
00:32:00,520 --> 00:32:03,360
Speaker 1: Stew horse Field pinpoints where Rouse led his eye off

445
00:32:03,400 --> 00:32:07,400
Speaker 1: the ball because of Stanley Rouse's refusal to change, in

446
00:32:07,480 --> 00:32:12,440
Speaker 1: his refusal to accept politics, having a place in the

447
00:32:12,520 --> 00:32:16,640
Speaker 1: sport that he loves ultimately becomes his own doing. Once

448
00:32:16,680 --> 00:32:20,120
Speaker 1: the election was confirmed, Havalanche kiss Rouse on the cheek,

449
00:32:20,800 --> 00:32:25,080
Speaker 1: presented the former president with a bouquet of flowers. Rouse

450
00:32:25,120 --> 00:32:27,440
Speaker 1: would later comment that the bouquet felt more like a

451
00:32:27,560 --> 00:32:34,040
Speaker 1: burial wreath. Under Havlange, a new era would begin, one

452
00:32:34,120 --> 00:32:38,920
Speaker 1: of exploding revenues and commercialization and globalization. When he took

453
00:32:38,960 --> 00:32:42,200
Speaker 1: control of FIFA seventy four, it was still a modest

454
00:32:42,240 --> 00:32:47,080
Speaker 1: operation with virtually nothing in the bank. By the time

455
00:32:47,120 --> 00:32:51,960
Speaker 1: the Brazilian retired in FIFA had four billion dollars in reserves,

456
00:32:52,320 --> 00:32:55,040
Speaker 1: and it become a two hundred and fifty million dollar

457
00:32:55,080 --> 00:32:58,440
Speaker 1: a year business. But the man who built FIFA into

458
00:32:58,520 --> 00:33:03,240
Speaker 1: a multibillion dollar marketing machine. Would also be implicated in

459
00:33:03,320 --> 00:33:06,440
Speaker 1: a string of scandals involving millions of dollars in bribes

460
00:33:06,520 --> 00:33:10,920
Speaker 1: and shady kickbacks, and worse, Avalanche had a nasty habit

461
00:33:11,000 --> 00:33:15,280
Speaker 1: of cozing up to gangsters and dictators and choosing profit

462
00:33:15,840 --> 00:33:19,960
Speaker 1: over human rights. That's coming up next on The Lords

463
00:33:20,000 --> 00:33:26,960
Speaker 1: of Soccer. The Lords of Soccer, Al FIFA Stole the

464
00:33:27,000 --> 00:33:31,040
Speaker 1: Beautiful Game is an Inside Voices media production in conjunction

465
00:33:31,120 --> 00:33:34,760
Speaker 1: with I Heart Radio. The series was written and executive

466
00:33:34,760 --> 00:33:39,320
Speaker 1: produced by Gary Scott and me Connor Powell. Logan Heftel

467
00:33:39,600 --> 00:33:43,480
Speaker 1: and Katie mcmurran provided the sound design with assistance from j. C.

468
00:33:43,640 --> 00:33:47,600
Speaker 1: Swaddick and Jake blue Note. Alec Cowen is our associate

469
00:33:47,640 --> 00:33:51,360
Speaker 1: producer and Jeffrey Katz was our story editor. Our fact

470
00:33:51,480 --> 00:33:55,320
Speaker 1: checker is Alexa O'Brien and thanks to Miles Gray, who

471
00:33:55,440 --> 00:33:58,440
Speaker 1: produced the series for I Heart Radio. If you have

472
00:33:58,520 --> 00:34:01,760
Speaker 1: any comments or questions, please reach out. You can find

473
00:34:01,840 --> 00:34:06,040
Speaker 1: us on Twitter. I'm at Connor m Powell and Gary

474
00:34:06,360 --> 00:34:09,600
Speaker 1: is at Gary Robert Scott and if you have any

475
00:34:09,680 --> 00:34:13,040
Speaker 1: stories about FIFA let us know. If you like what

476
00:34:13,120 --> 00:34:15,800
Speaker 1: you hear, please give us a shout out at the

477
00:34:15,880 --> 00:34:17,680
Speaker 1: hashtag lords of soccer