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Speaker 1: From Mediator's World News headquarters in Bozeman, Montana. This is

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Speaker 1: Kel's we can review with Ryan kel Kell and now

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Speaker 1: here's kel. If you play with your outdoor cat and

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Speaker 1: feed that cat more meat, it is less likely to

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Speaker 1: kill and far less likely to bring home. It's kill

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Speaker 1: to you. A new study titled provision of high meat

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Speaker 1: content food and object play reduce predation of wild animals

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Speaker 1: by domestic cats Felis Catus from the journal Current Biology,

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Speaker 1: aimed at making quote positive contributions to cat husbandry, which

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Speaker 1: sounds like something you would find in the bowels of

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Speaker 1: the internet. But I assure you is not that person

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Speaker 1: who wears a cat sweater every day of the year

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Speaker 1: getting hitched. She cleared the cat with her tongue. That's

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Speaker 1: just getting weird, so put those claws away. This is real,

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Speaker 1: meaningful science in a real scientific journal, which had to

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Speaker 1: be developed because people can't stand the thought of keeping

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Speaker 1: their p on everything murderous house cat in the house.

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Speaker 1: This study found that households where high meat protein grain

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Speaker 1: free food and households where five to ten minutes of

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Speaker 1: daily object play recorded decreases of thirty and respectively in

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Speaker 1: numbers of animals captured and brought home by cats. So

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Speaker 1: let's recap all we've learned on Cow's wee can review

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Speaker 1: about outdoor cats. Outdoor cats kill over three billion birds

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Speaker 1: a year, over five billion small mammals and reptiles a year.

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Speaker 1: And in order for people to take a little responsibility,

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Speaker 1: right that word that your folks or friend or spouse

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Speaker 1: used when you wanted the cat, you have to feed it,

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Speaker 1: you have to pick up after it. That speech, you

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Speaker 1: recall that all you have to do to take responsibility

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Speaker 1: for that cat is keep it inside or slightly less effective,

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Speaker 1: put an annoying, unattractive color on the cat, or as

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Speaker 1: of now, change the cat's diet, and pay the cat

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Speaker 1: a little more attention. It just occurred to me this

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Speaker 1: talk is kind of similar to another talk a lot

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Speaker 1: of kids get when they get to a certain age.

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Speaker 1: You know, the most effective way to avoid all of

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Speaker 1: these unwanted or unplanned circumstances is abstinence. And I'm sure,

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Speaker 1: just like the people who give that speech and high

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Speaker 1: school's feel as I do, that the people I'm talking to,

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Speaker 1: the outdoor cat people in this circumstance won't even try lope.

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Speaker 1: This week, we've got listener emails, Cicada's Old Teeth and

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Speaker 1: so much more. But first I'm gonna tell you about

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Speaker 1: my week. And my week as well as this podcast

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Speaker 1: is brought to you by the fine folks at Steel

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Speaker 1: Power Equipment. If you were thinking about getting into a clean, quiet,

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Speaker 1: lightweight use inside or outside of your house, battery powered

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Speaker 1: chainsaw make it a steal. You can throw that tight

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Speaker 1: little package inside your vehicle under the seat and no

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Speaker 1: one will know you were equipped to handle the unforeseen

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Speaker 1: fund killer of a down tree in the middle of

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Speaker 1: the road, or even a bison that needs to be

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Speaker 1: parted up, because they'll never smell it down there. They'll

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Speaker 1: just be impressed when you whip it out and use it.

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Speaker 1: This smells gone for good. It's not easy. My week

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Speaker 1: has been interesting. We got into some perch, big ones

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Speaker 1: and pretty consistent. For once, Old Musky chat signs West

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Speaker 1: and I headed out at five am below zero to

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Speaker 1: conquer the mighty perch. We brought enough equipment along to

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Speaker 1: make the uninitiated think that we had somehow funded our

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Speaker 1: own polar expedition. I'm happy to report that I located

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Speaker 1: and caught the first perch of the day and sad

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Speaker 1: to report that it was my last. I just watched

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Speaker 1: as everyone else yanked the fish out after that. Fortunately

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Speaker 1: for me, O muskie chat as a serious fish allergy,

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Speaker 1: So by taking his fish, I actually got to save

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Speaker 1: a life. Am I a hero? I really can't say,

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Speaker 1: but yes. The other thing that has been happening is

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Speaker 1: more bad bills from here in the state of Montana.

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Speaker 1: Keep in mind, friends and neighbors. This is the opinion

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Speaker 1: section of the podcast. This legislative session, we have ways

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Speaker 1: to privatize wildlife, ways to monetize wildlife, ways to disenfranchise

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Speaker 1: the public hunter, ways to relegate our fishing game to

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Speaker 1: an agency that could have the power to maybe suggest

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Speaker 1: ways of managing wildlife but not implement it, And ways

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Speaker 1: to flat out get rid of public land. If you

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Speaker 1: were familiar with the reproductive theory of predators swamping, where

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Speaker 1: a all the little baby deer l kit the ground

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Speaker 1: at the same time, so when they're at their weakest

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Speaker 1: and most vulnerable, old Mr grizz or Mr black Bear

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Speaker 1: and Mr Wolf can only gobble up so many before

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Speaker 1: the rest are able to really turn those wobbling knees

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Speaker 1: into lightning. Or if you're more of an acorn or

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Speaker 1: acorn specialist. Those tree nuts don't drop one at a time,

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Speaker 1: they drop en mass, so at least a few make

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Speaker 1: it past the white tail and squirrel into the ground.

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Speaker 1: I feel like this is what is happening right now

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Speaker 1: in the state of Montana. It's the legislature's way of

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Speaker 1: swamping all of us folks who want and have the

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Speaker 1: right to say and how our collective wildlife is managed.

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Speaker 1: Go to Montana Free press dot org forward slash Capital Tracker,

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Speaker 1: which is something I found the other day which helps

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Speaker 1: in the searching of new bills. Or there is the

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Speaker 1: old standby Montana l e G dot G o V

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Speaker 1: and take a look at this list hot off the press.

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Speaker 1: L C two would create additional landownered ELK tags and

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Speaker 1: a five bonus point incentive to landowners sponsored cow hunters.

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Speaker 1: HB three and Act prohibiting the future sales of land

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Speaker 1: granted to the state HB four one seven and Act

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Speaker 1: prohibiting the limiting of tags in areas where ELK are

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Speaker 1: over objective. Of course, the newly amended HB one three,

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Speaker 1: which now states that nonresident combination tags can get the

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Speaker 1: preferential treatment for only an additional three dollars s B

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Speaker 1: one five three, which would put the state Parks Board

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Speaker 1: in charge of wildlife management areas and phishing access sites.

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Speaker 1: If anyone wants to get into these a little deeper,

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Speaker 1: please go to the aforementioned sites, read up and write

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Speaker 1: in two A s K C A L at the

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Speaker 1: meat eater dot com. And remember that these are undoubtedly

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Speaker 1: undubitably similar to propose is legislation in your home state.

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Speaker 1: If you want to be a conservationist, or if you

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Speaker 1: own that shirt that says hunting is conservation, this is

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Speaker 1: a big, big part of it should be a disclaimer

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Speaker 1: that goes along with that shirt when you purchase it.

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Speaker 1: Moving on to the update section, those darn kids Boisey

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Speaker 1: State students admitted to dumping all those tasty birds in

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Speaker 1: the dumpster behind the fred Meyer and Garden City, Idaho.

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Speaker 1: And this is what I have to say to you.

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Speaker 1: Quack eatas. Cut duck breast filets into pieces about the

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Speaker 1: size of your finger, Roll them and flour with salt,

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Speaker 1: pepper and chili powder. Flash fry them at medium high

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Speaker 1: tamp in oil or fat, do not overcook. Drain, then

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Speaker 1: pile that into some corn or flower tortillas. With whatever

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Speaker 1: fahita mixings that you like, You'll be coming back for thirds.

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Speaker 1: That's from George. And if a couple of college kids

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Speaker 1: can't get that one right, you need to get a

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Speaker 1: job in a kitchen. Thanks for writing in, George. Next up,

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Speaker 1: you remember the Rome New York fellow with the quote

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Speaker 1: makeshift grill that was accused of possibly cooking a domestic dog. Well,

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Speaker 1: things are looking good for him. Cornell University, according to

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Speaker 1: New York Utica Too, says it is certain the meat

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Speaker 1: is not domestic dog, but he's not out of the

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Speaker 1: rough yet. No, don't barket me for that one. Put

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Speaker 1: those hackles down. If it is found to be a coyote,

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Speaker 1: the case will be turned over to the state Department

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Speaker 1: of Environmental Conservation. If it's determined to be a domestic animal,

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Speaker 1: charges could be issued under Agriculture and Markets animal cruelty laws.

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Speaker 1: In either case, I've determined this person will have the

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Speaker 1: privilege of cooking possibly the most expensive meat in all

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Speaker 1: of New York State. Coyote hunting season is open in

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Speaker 1: New York until March. I called New York Region six

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Speaker 1: Environmental Law enforce it, and they assured me that as

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Speaker 1: long as the coyote was legally harvested, it is perfectly

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Speaker 1: legal to cook and eat a coyote. In fact, the

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Speaker 1: conservation officer I spoke with mentioned seeing a TV show

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Speaker 1: filmed in New York where they ate a coyote. So

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Speaker 1: is this a case of discrimination, another situation where those

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Speaker 1: darned TV hosts get uh special privilege? Or did this

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Speaker 1: fella eat a dog? We'll stay on top of this one.

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Speaker 1: If anyone knows this backyard griller in realm, New York,

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Speaker 1: let me know. Would love to hear his side of

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Speaker 1: the story. I'm sure it's very short. Brett right, Sam,

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Speaker 1: a representative in my state of Oregon, has introduced an

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Speaker 1: extremely broad and short bill targeting the sale of fur

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Speaker 1: in Oregon. Most relevant to our state's outdoor economy is

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Speaker 1: that it would essentially ban the sale of flies and

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Speaker 1: fly tying supplies that would include fur. Less people would

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Speaker 1: have access to fishing, therefore less money would go towards

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Speaker 1: fishing licenses and conservation. In this state. There is already

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Speaker 1: a leather in taxidermy exemption, yet nothing related to the

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Speaker 1: other myriad uses of fur. The bill is light on

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Speaker 1: exemptions and broad in its target Please ask folks to

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Speaker 1: write and call Representative Rob Nas and let him know

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Speaker 1: that this bill is a bad idea. After reading the

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Speaker 1: bill in question, Oregon House Bill to six seven six,

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Speaker 1: it states that businesses such as pawn shops and second

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Speaker 1: hand stores selling used for and hides are exempt as

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Speaker 1: well as used for and hides with the intended purpose

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Speaker 1: of traditional use, specifically for tribal members. So if it

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Speaker 1: were to pass, this bill seems impossible to enforce. I

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Speaker 1: think you will still be able to get your fly

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Speaker 1: tying materials, but your local fly shop may just need

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Speaker 1: to add some additional used equipment to qualify as a

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Speaker 1: second hand shop with a lot of the bum fly fisherman.

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Speaker 1: I know, a pawn shop version of a fly shop

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Speaker 1: might actually be a really smart business model. Anyway, What

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Speaker 1: are they fight? Not? What what they fight not? Aside

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Speaker 1: from the fact that Oregon history has basically been that

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Speaker 1: of fur trapping, it is important to note that the

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Speaker 1: Oregon legislature temporarily prohibited beaver trapping from eighteen ninety nine

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Speaker 1: until nineteen nineteen, and acted its first conservation measures in

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Speaker 1: nineteen twenty and established a relocation program in nineteen thirty two.

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Speaker 1: Another moratorium was placed on public beaver trapping from nineteen

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Speaker 1: thirty seven until nineteen fifty one. It's important to note

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Speaker 1: that that's public beaver trapping, meaning that no matter when

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Speaker 1: or where are we band trapping, there's still a lot

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Speaker 1: of trapping that goes on. All of this to say

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Speaker 1: that beavers are very managed in the state of Oregon

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Speaker 1: and have been for a long time. The fact that

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Speaker 1: leather goods your exempt from this proposed legislation really makes

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Speaker 1: you wonder who Representative NAS is trying to appease with

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Speaker 1: this one. For is hairy leather or you could say

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Speaker 1: leather is hairless fur. Either way, dead is dead, and

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Speaker 1: waste is waste. I'll guarantee the animals far beyond caring

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Speaker 1: if it gets turned into a boot or a toasty scarf.

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Speaker 1: So let's use what we can. If you would like

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Speaker 1: to weigh in on this issue, go to Oregon Legislature

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Speaker 1: dot g o V and contact your elected official. Next up,

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Speaker 1: hot ice the Cows, we can review ice fishing report.

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Speaker 1: Massachusetts ice angler hauled out a fifteen pound, eight ounce

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Speaker 1: brown trout nearly thirty three inches long, out of Stockbridge

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Speaker 1: Bowl Lake. The state record is nineteen pounds ten ounces.

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Speaker 1: A New York ice angler hauled out a forty five

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Speaker 1: and three quarter inch four point seven pound tiger muskie

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Speaker 1: on Otisco Lake. According to or the Wind, this tiger

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Speaker 1: muskie is three pounds shy of the ice fishing tiger

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Speaker 1: muskie world record, which coincidentally came from Otisco Lake back

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Speaker 1: in two thousand nine. Like the same place, is what

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Speaker 1: I'm saying. That fish weighed in at twenty seven pounds

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Speaker 1: five ounces. A tiger muskie is a cross between a

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Speaker 1: Musca lunge and a northern pike. Tiger muskie are commonly

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Speaker 1: stocked into lakes as a form of population control. They

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Speaker 1: prefer soft fin fish like suckers, but we'll eat what's available,

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Speaker 1: and being a hybrid, they don't typically reproduce. Both of

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Speaker 1: these anglers used tip ups, which is the trapping equivalent

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Speaker 1: of fishing in Eastern Montana. Generally speaking, consult your regulations

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Speaker 1: and angler can have six tip ups, which would make

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Speaker 1: for a trap line. Unmanned bated lines are set below

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Speaker 1: the ice. When a fish pulls the line, it trips

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Speaker 1: the flag, which signals the ice angler. I have come

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Speaker 1: to realize that in the ice fishing world there are

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Speaker 1: a lot of ways to leave lines and attended and

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Speaker 1: call it fishing. I for the record, call it fun.

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Speaker 1: Moving on, Scientists with the Voyagers Wolf Project in Minnesota

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Speaker 1: have been studying the summer hunting behavior of gray wolves

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Speaker 1: and in the process have discovered some startling shortcomings of beavers.

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Speaker 1: Most of what we know about wolves is from what

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Speaker 1: we see in the winter. They hunt in packs, they

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Speaker 1: chase their prey, and they concentrate mostly on big animals

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Speaker 1: like full grown deer and moose. But in the summer,

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Speaker 1: wolf packs become less concentrated and harder to track. Using cameras,

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Speaker 1: analysis of kill sites, and data from geolocation tags to

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Speaker 1: find out more, they discovered that in the summer wolves

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Speaker 1: become solo ambush hunters. Instead of chasing down prey in

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Speaker 1: a group, many of them parked themselves very close to

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Speaker 1: beaver dam's, making sure they're down wind and wait for

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Speaker 1: an unlucky beaver to waddle by. To illustrate how vulnerable

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Speaker 1: to ambush hunting beavers are, the scientists set up a

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Speaker 1: life sized photo realistic cardboard cutout of a wolf a

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Speaker 1: few feet away from an entrance to a beaver dam.

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Speaker 1: The resulting video is priceless. The cardboard cutout may as

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Speaker 1: well be a photo of a ball of mud for

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Speaker 1: all the attention the beavers paid to it. Yep, yep, yep,

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Speaker 1: mm hmmm. Right in front of the image of the wolf,

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Speaker 1: the beavers chew tree trunks apart, drag branches back to

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Speaker 1: the damn They do not care. It almost seems like

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Speaker 1: the beavers know the wolf photo is there and they're

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Speaker 1: just trolling the scientists. They bump into the decoy, sniffle

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Speaker 1: around it, drag branches by it. They knocked the decoy

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Speaker 1: is skew in the process. According to the video, these

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Speaker 1: are just busy beavers, not where erodents. Now. To be fair,

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Speaker 1: I think we'd need to see the same experiment done

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Speaker 1: with the three dimensional wolf decoy. The only thing I

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Speaker 1: could strictly conclude from this experiment meant is that beavers

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Speaker 1: can't translate a two dimensional image. Still, this experiment establishes

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Speaker 1: some interesting ideas. First, we hadn't confirmed that wolves behaved

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Speaker 1: this way in warmer months. Second, we understand better how

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Speaker 1: beavers must rely on smell and hearing over sight, and

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Speaker 1: even with the site limitation, there are plenty of beavers

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Speaker 1: in wolf country, so they must hold their own against

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Speaker 1: the big bad wolf moving on coming this spring to

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Speaker 1: the eastern United States. Cicadas those insects that look like

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Speaker 1: a cross between a grasshopper and a dragonfly, which are

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Speaker 1: mostly known for their extremely loud buzzing. For you listeners

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Speaker 1: who have never heard of cicada, they sound a bit

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Speaker 1: like a rattlesnake and wind up kitchen time or going off.

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Speaker 1: To those who have heard the noise, they sound like summer.

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Speaker 1: The cicadas set to emerge this spring have developed a

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Speaker 1: mathematical survey eival strategy. They have spent seventeen years underground

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Speaker 1: as nymphs and will emerge altogether in huge numbers, coming

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Speaker 1: to maturity and reproducing furiously for several weeks before dying

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Speaker 1: off again. That number seventeen is not an accident. There

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Speaker 1: are no broods of cicadas who emerge every sixteen or

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Speaker 1: eighteen years. Seventeen is a prime number, meaning that you

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Speaker 1: can only divide it evenly by one and itself, and

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Speaker 1: that means that predators who reproduce and shorter cycles won't

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Speaker 1: be able to synchronize effectively with the cicada boom. If

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Speaker 1: a cicada brood came out every eighteen years, for example,

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Speaker 1: then all the predators on cycles of two years, three years,

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Speaker 1: six years, and nine years would all be ready to

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Speaker 1: eat them. But every seventeen years, only some of these

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Speaker 1: predators will be ready, a completely different group of predators

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Speaker 1: from last boom, and so none of them are able

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Speaker 1: to adapt to making cicadas a staple of their diet.

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Speaker 1: You could think of this is a smart way that

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Speaker 1: cicada hordes evolved using math. The other way to think

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Speaker 1: about it is again predator swamping overwhelming volume. No matter

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Speaker 1: how many of these cicadas, predators are able to eat,

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Speaker 1: plenty will be able to survive. Lots of animals use

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Speaker 1: this strategy. Japanese millipedes, for example, emerge on eight year

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Speaker 1: cycles in such huge waves that they have brought the

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Speaker 1: country's train system to a halt several times. That's a

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Speaker 1: lot of millipedes like enough to stop a train. Cicadas

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Speaker 1: are sometimes mistakenly identified as locusts, an entirely separate kind

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Speaker 1: of insect that also swarms in huge numbers, although cicadas

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Speaker 1: are less voracious eaters than locusts. If you have big

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Speaker 1: gardening plans, for this spring. It might be good to

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Speaker 1: hold off until later in June, once the mature cicadas

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Speaker 1: have died and the new brood of nymphs are headed

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Speaker 1: back underground for another seventeen years. Cicadas cycles are so

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Speaker 1: well established in the US that distinct broods have been

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Speaker 1: tracked since the eighteen nineties, and this summer's boom will

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Speaker 1: be from Brood TAM, also known as the Great Eastern Brood.

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Speaker 1: We'll call it the g EB. Yeah, you know me boom.

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Speaker 1: The g e B is the biggest both by numbers

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Speaker 1: and geographical distribution. The numbers are going to be big,

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Speaker 1: like one billion insects per square mile big, and they're mating.

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Speaker 1: Call of a male cicada can reach one hundred decibels,

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Speaker 1: as loud as a motorcycle or for you col's we

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Speaker 1: can review super fans as loud as a Kenyan Dendro

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Speaker 1: high racks. Remember that little critter. So to my friends

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Speaker 1: from New York to Georgia, from Delaware to Michigan, it

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Speaker 1: might be a good idea to invest now in some

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Speaker 1: quality ear plugs. While everyone else will be scratching their

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Speaker 1: head wondering what all the racket is you'll be secure

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Speaker 1: in the knowledge that you're experiencing the full flower of

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Speaker 1: brewed ten. Enjoy it while you can. They won't be

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Speaker 1: back until moving on to the anthropology desk. Way back

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Speaker 1: in nineteen eleven, several ancient teeth were found in the

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Speaker 1: cave of St. Brelade on Jersey, a small island in

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Speaker 1: the English Channel near France. This has nothing to do

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Speaker 1: with the Sopranos. Archaeologists knew that the Saint Berlid cave

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Speaker 1: had been occupied by Neanderthals starting as long as two

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Speaker 1: fifty thousand years ago, but these teeth were dated to

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Speaker 1: forty eight thousand years ago, just a few thousand years

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Speaker 1: before Neanderthal is completely vanished from Europe. Trying to understand

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Speaker 1: this final phase of Neanderthal history, a team of scientists

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Speaker 1: from the UK and Germany took new, more powerful scans

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Speaker 1: of the teeth and discovered that they had an extremely

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Speaker 1: unusual structure. The dimensions of the roots and crowns were

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Speaker 1: consistent with Neandertal teeth, but their necks were shaped like

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Speaker 1: the teeth of modern humans, and they lacked the transverse

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Speaker 1: crest or transverse coal gate. No transverse crest typical of

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Speaker 1: Neanderthal teeth. From this combination of anatomical characteristics, the team

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Speaker 1: concluded that these teeth came from individuals who are neither

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Speaker 1: fully Neanderthal nor fully Homo sapiens, but rather a hybrid

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Speaker 1: of the two. This is very exciting because even though

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Speaker 1: we can tell from analyzing our genome that Homo sapiens

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Speaker 1: and Neanderthal's inner bread, very little physical evidence has been

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Speaker 1: found that shows the anatomical results of that inner breeding.

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Speaker 1: A quick bit of evolutionary history, the two branches of

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Speaker 1: human ancestors that would become Neanderthals and Homo sapiens diverged

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Speaker 1: about eight hundred thousand years ago. For a long time,

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Speaker 1: anthropologists believe the interbreeding between the two populations would be

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Speaker 1: impossible because the genetic makeup had become two distinct, and

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Speaker 1: that was the majority opinion until about ten years ago.

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Speaker 1: At that point, the entire Neanderthal genome had been sequenced

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Speaker 1: and distinct Neanderthal genetic markers were identified. Lo and behold,

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Speaker 1: if you've ever done one of those genetic tests, you

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Speaker 1: probably have picked up on the news that those markers

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Speaker 1: turned up in the DNA of modern humans. However, it

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Speaker 1: is one thing to say. This DNA signature proves that

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Speaker 1: Neanderthals and Homo sapiens fooled around way back when, And

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Speaker 1: it's an entirely different thing to say. This. Here tooth

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Speaker 1: that I hold in my hand is shaped this way

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Speaker 1: because it came from a human neandertal hybrid physical evidence,

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Speaker 1: although there have been some other physical evidence of hybrids.

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Speaker 1: Teeth discovered in present day Israel, a job owed fragment

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Speaker 1: in Siberia. The St. Blaid teeth of Jersey proved that

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Speaker 1: Homo sapiens were interbreeding with Neandertals much later than previously thought,

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Speaker 1: and much further west. Until now. The accepted story about

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Speaker 1: how Neanderthals, when extinct has been Homo Sapiens showed up

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Speaker 1: and out competed them or even intentionally killed them off.

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Speaker 1: But these newly analyzed teeth are leading some anthropologists to

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Speaker 1: wonder whether Neanderthals didn't really go extinct at all, but

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Speaker 1: rather intermingled with Homo sapiens until the two populations merged.

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Speaker 1: Fun fact about this one. The teeth came from a

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Speaker 1: private collection, as in, someone had them squirreled away and

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Speaker 1: they were analyzed now because that someone is dead some

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Speaker 1: of us are going to leave behind junk, maybe, if

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Speaker 1: we're lucky, something of value, and some of us are

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Speaker 1: going to leave behind evidence of Neanderthal Homo sapien offspring

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Speaker 1: from forty five thousand or more years ago. Kind of

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Speaker 1: makes you an inch those baseball cards closer to the curb, doesn't.

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Speaker 1: That's all I've got for you this week. So much

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Speaker 1: to talk about and not enough time. Thanks so much

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Speaker 1: for listening, and as per usual, let me know what

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Speaker 1: is happening in your neck of the woods by writing

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Speaker 1: into a s k c a L. That's asked cal

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Speaker 1: at the Meat eater dot com. If you're loving what

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Speaker 1: you're hearing, tell a friend or two. I'll talk to

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Speaker 1: you next week.