1 00:00:02,840 --> 00:00:05,400 Speaker 1: One of the most transformative drugs on the market today 2 00:00:05,559 --> 00:00:08,800 Speaker 1: are anti obesity drugs. One of the leaders in producing 3 00:00:08,800 --> 00:00:12,080 Speaker 1: those drugs is Eli Lilly. It has transformed itself over 4 00:00:12,119 --> 00:00:14,600 Speaker 1: the last five years to accompany that's now the most 5 00:00:14,680 --> 00:00:17,959 Speaker 1: valuable pharmaceutical company in the world. I sat down with 6 00:00:18,040 --> 00:00:21,480 Speaker 1: Dave Rix recently to talk about it's anti obesity phenomenon 7 00:00:21,640 --> 00:00:25,160 Speaker 1: and how it is transforming America. Let's talk about these 8 00:00:25,960 --> 00:00:29,080 Speaker 1: phenomenon that's changed the world to some extent. Which is 9 00:00:29,120 --> 00:00:31,280 Speaker 1: the anti obesity drug? 10 00:00:31,320 --> 00:00:32,879 Speaker 2: Now? To make sure everybody's on the. 11 00:00:32,880 --> 00:00:36,360 Speaker 1: Same page links, what is the name of your anti 12 00:00:36,440 --> 00:00:37,360 Speaker 1: obesity drug? 13 00:00:37,720 --> 00:00:42,479 Speaker 3: Okay, so the name is zep bound. The active ingredients 14 00:00:42,520 --> 00:00:43,520 Speaker 3: called their zepetide. 15 00:00:44,640 --> 00:00:46,520 Speaker 2: So, by the way, who comes up with these names? 16 00:00:46,560 --> 00:00:49,440 Speaker 2: Where do you raise names? Not me, David me. 17 00:00:49,640 --> 00:00:51,760 Speaker 3: We can't have names that are similar to each other 18 00:00:51,760 --> 00:00:54,520 Speaker 3: because doctors make prescribing hers. We can't have names that 19 00:00:54,600 --> 00:00:56,880 Speaker 3: make claims about what the drug does, and we can't 20 00:00:56,880 --> 00:00:59,040 Speaker 3: have names that only work in English. 21 00:00:59,040 --> 00:01:00,960 Speaker 4: So we end up with these sounding names. 22 00:01:01,160 --> 00:01:03,480 Speaker 1: When was that discovered and is that ever the intention 23 00:01:03,600 --> 00:01:04,920 Speaker 1: when the drug was being developed? 24 00:01:05,319 --> 00:01:08,240 Speaker 3: Yeah, pretty early on. So we launched the first GLP 25 00:01:08,319 --> 00:01:09,720 Speaker 3: one medication in the world. 26 00:01:09,760 --> 00:01:11,759 Speaker 4: In two thousand and five. It was called exendotide. 27 00:01:12,160 --> 00:01:14,880 Speaker 3: It was a twice daily injection and it was indicated 28 00:01:14,920 --> 00:01:17,200 Speaker 3: for people with diabetes. But that was the first effort. 29 00:01:17,560 --> 00:01:19,679 Speaker 3: On the cover of our the next year, our annual 30 00:01:19,680 --> 00:01:21,480 Speaker 3: report is a woman who was using the drug and 31 00:01:21,520 --> 00:01:23,920 Speaker 3: she said, my diabetes is under control, and I noticed 32 00:01:23,959 --> 00:01:26,160 Speaker 3: I'm losing a little weight. Actually two thousand and six, 33 00:01:26,440 --> 00:01:29,200 Speaker 3: it's a cover of our anal report. But we had 34 00:01:29,200 --> 00:01:33,240 Speaker 3: to improve the medicines to really make them effective for 35 00:01:33,280 --> 00:01:38,200 Speaker 3: weight loss. One big improvement was to make them weekly. 36 00:01:38,400 --> 00:01:42,440 Speaker 3: That's a convenience benefit, but even more important, the. 37 00:01:43,920 --> 00:01:44,520 Speaker 4: Action of the. 38 00:01:44,480 --> 00:01:47,640 Speaker 3: Medicine flatter, meaning more consistent through the day and night. 39 00:01:48,360 --> 00:01:49,960 Speaker 3: When we had it twice a day, there were ups 40 00:01:50,000 --> 00:01:53,640 Speaker 3: and downs, and one effect of GLP one medications is 41 00:01:53,680 --> 00:01:57,160 Speaker 3: they cause nausea and other gi distress. That's a function 42 00:01:57,240 --> 00:01:59,720 Speaker 3: of the up and down in your system. So when 43 00:01:59,760 --> 00:02:01,960 Speaker 3: we made weekly, it was flatter and we could dose 44 00:02:02,040 --> 00:02:03,240 Speaker 3: higher to see. 45 00:02:03,400 --> 00:02:04,360 Speaker 4: More weight loss. 46 00:02:04,680 --> 00:02:07,160 Speaker 3: So that was sort of an accidental breakthrough of trying 47 00:02:07,160 --> 00:02:08,520 Speaker 3: to make a more convenient form. 48 00:02:08,960 --> 00:02:11,280 Speaker 1: Now there's another company that is sort of in the 49 00:02:11,320 --> 00:02:11,960 Speaker 1: same business. 50 00:02:12,040 --> 00:02:13,600 Speaker 2: No Vote Nor it is Yes. 51 00:02:13,400 --> 00:02:18,639 Speaker 1: Which is in Denmark, and they have a similar product, 52 00:02:19,120 --> 00:02:21,720 Speaker 1: and they have a product that does the same thing. 53 00:02:21,760 --> 00:02:25,480 Speaker 1: One is for obesity anti obesity, and one is for. 54 00:02:25,400 --> 00:02:28,720 Speaker 2: Diabetes and correct. Is there really any difference in terms 55 00:02:28,720 --> 00:02:29,320 Speaker 2: of the drugs. 56 00:02:29,560 --> 00:02:29,919 Speaker 4: There are. 57 00:02:29,960 --> 00:02:32,680 Speaker 3: There's no difference really between the name the drug that's 58 00:02:32,760 --> 00:02:35,480 Speaker 3: named for diabetes versus name for obesity for either company. 59 00:02:35,520 --> 00:02:37,600 Speaker 3: We do that for insurance reasons we could talk about. 60 00:02:38,040 --> 00:02:41,000 Speaker 3: But tre Zeppetide is the latest version. It has two 61 00:02:41,080 --> 00:02:44,240 Speaker 3: modes of action. So right now, because you just ate lunch, 62 00:02:44,360 --> 00:02:47,760 Speaker 3: your GI track is communicating with the rest of your body. 63 00:02:47,800 --> 00:02:51,000 Speaker 3: It's communicating with hormones or proteins and telling it that 64 00:02:51,040 --> 00:02:54,480 Speaker 3: you've been fed and you need to absorb nutrients and 65 00:02:54,680 --> 00:02:58,520 Speaker 3: other things that are essentible life because food is essential life. 66 00:02:59,240 --> 00:03:02,560 Speaker 3: What we're doing boosting some of those signals with these medications. 67 00:03:02,840 --> 00:03:06,240 Speaker 3: They're boosting the signal that you're full, boosting the signal 68 00:03:06,240 --> 00:03:07,800 Speaker 3: that you no longer want to eat more, and boosting 69 00:03:07,840 --> 00:03:11,920 Speaker 3: signals that you should absorb nutrients that you've consumed. And 70 00:03:11,960 --> 00:03:15,399 Speaker 3: so ours does that with two different hormones, one called 71 00:03:15,400 --> 00:03:19,560 Speaker 3: GLP one another new one called gip ozepic or semaglue 72 00:03:19,560 --> 00:03:21,120 Speaker 3: tide just uses GLP one. 73 00:03:21,320 --> 00:03:23,720 Speaker 1: But what the drug does is what it tells your 74 00:03:23,720 --> 00:03:25,880 Speaker 1: body you're full. When you're maybe not as full as 75 00:03:25,880 --> 00:03:26,320 Speaker 1: you used to be. 76 00:03:26,639 --> 00:03:30,079 Speaker 3: It tells your body you're full, and it does that 77 00:03:30,160 --> 00:03:33,919 Speaker 3: to the brain sense of saiety. Probably we've learned over 78 00:03:33,960 --> 00:03:39,200 Speaker 3: time our sense of fullness becomes conditional. So as people 79 00:03:39,280 --> 00:03:43,200 Speaker 3: eat more habitually, that signal kicks in later and later, 80 00:03:43,680 --> 00:03:47,120 Speaker 3: and that's a cause and consequence of obesity. 81 00:03:47,880 --> 00:03:48,839 Speaker 4: It does other things too. 82 00:03:49,080 --> 00:03:53,960 Speaker 3: It actually makes your stomach fuller because it slows gastric motility, 83 00:03:54,000 --> 00:03:59,120 Speaker 3: so it slows down your nutrients, which seems counterintuitive, but 84 00:03:59,400 --> 00:04:02,720 Speaker 3: when you eat in when our ancestors were alive ten 85 00:04:02,720 --> 00:04:04,680 Speaker 3: thousand years ago, meals were rare and you want to 86 00:04:04,720 --> 00:04:07,000 Speaker 3: absorb all the nutrients out of it. So that signal said, 87 00:04:07,040 --> 00:04:08,320 Speaker 3: absorb the nutrients all right. 88 00:04:08,360 --> 00:04:10,680 Speaker 1: I don't want to confuse people, but there are four 89 00:04:10,840 --> 00:04:13,480 Speaker 1: different names that people should know for these drugs. Now 90 00:04:13,480 --> 00:04:17,720 Speaker 1: you have an ANTIBCD drug which is called what zepounepbound, 91 00:04:17,839 --> 00:04:19,640 Speaker 1: and then you have a diabetes drug which is. 92 00:04:19,600 --> 00:04:22,360 Speaker 4: Called manjarro, same medicine, suferent names. 93 00:04:22,400 --> 00:04:24,160 Speaker 1: There was a study that was just came out a 94 00:04:24,240 --> 00:04:26,960 Speaker 1: couple of days ago. I think that said one on 95 00:04:26,960 --> 00:04:31,320 Speaker 1: one comparing the two. Your drug anti OBEs drug loses 96 00:04:31,360 --> 00:04:34,760 Speaker 1: weight more rapidly for people than the other product. 97 00:04:34,560 --> 00:04:34,920 Speaker 2: Is that right? 98 00:04:35,000 --> 00:04:35,360 Speaker 4: Rapidly? 99 00:04:35,400 --> 00:04:38,919 Speaker 3: And more so forty seven percent more so After a 100 00:04:39,000 --> 00:04:41,400 Speaker 3: year and a half, roughly, people on our drug loss 101 00:04:41,440 --> 00:04:42,800 Speaker 3: seventeen more pounds. 102 00:04:43,240 --> 00:04:43,760 Speaker 2: Then on we go. 103 00:04:43,800 --> 00:04:46,320 Speaker 1: Why do people need to lose so much weight in 104 00:04:46,360 --> 00:04:48,960 Speaker 1: this country? Our country has, as I got it right, 105 00:04:49,080 --> 00:04:51,960 Speaker 1: seventy five percent of the people are overweight and forty 106 00:04:52,000 --> 00:04:54,359 Speaker 1: two percent are obese. When it all of a sudden 107 00:04:54,400 --> 00:04:55,720 Speaker 1: we become so obese? 108 00:04:56,279 --> 00:04:59,320 Speaker 3: Yeah, if you look at the epidemiology charts, it really 109 00:04:59,440 --> 00:05:03,480 Speaker 3: seems to started in the sixties growth in overweight and 110 00:05:03,480 --> 00:05:07,920 Speaker 3: obesity in the country, and really accelerated in the eighties 111 00:05:07,920 --> 00:05:08,560 Speaker 3: and nineties. 112 00:05:09,000 --> 00:05:09,839 Speaker 4: What are the reasons? 113 00:05:10,120 --> 00:05:12,919 Speaker 3: How we live certainly is one of them, and energy 114 00:05:12,960 --> 00:05:15,599 Speaker 3: expenditure has to be part of the story. What we eat, though, 115 00:05:16,040 --> 00:05:19,600 Speaker 3: is probably a more important reason, not just the quantity 116 00:05:19,640 --> 00:05:23,800 Speaker 3: which has risen modestly through that period of time, but 117 00:05:23,920 --> 00:05:26,640 Speaker 3: actually what's in our food has changed, and I think 118 00:05:26,720 --> 00:05:28,800 Speaker 3: that's also attributed to this. 119 00:05:28,960 --> 00:05:31,960 Speaker 1: All right, So back to the drug. When you realized 120 00:05:32,000 --> 00:05:35,479 Speaker 1: they could lose weight. Did you get the FDA to say, yes, 121 00:05:35,560 --> 00:05:37,880 Speaker 1: it can be prescribed for losing weight, or it's still 122 00:05:38,040 --> 00:05:39,560 Speaker 1: you can't get that prescribed for you. 123 00:05:39,880 --> 00:05:40,080 Speaker 2: No. 124 00:05:40,080 --> 00:05:42,720 Speaker 4: No. As of last year, we have found launched it's 125 00:05:42,760 --> 00:05:43,599 Speaker 4: for weight loss. 126 00:05:43,960 --> 00:05:47,640 Speaker 1: And do insurance companies reimburse people for the cost of 127 00:05:47,680 --> 00:05:48,360 Speaker 1: these drugs? 128 00:05:48,560 --> 00:05:54,320 Speaker 3: Some do, more should so as of today, the federal 129 00:05:54,360 --> 00:05:59,360 Speaker 3: government actually has a prohibition on reimbursing any of these drugs, which. 130 00:05:59,120 --> 00:06:00,200 Speaker 4: Is a problem. 131 00:06:00,240 --> 00:06:03,360 Speaker 3: I think although the Biden administration just as advanced rulemaking 132 00:06:03,440 --> 00:06:05,719 Speaker 3: to change that. That's good news, and we hope the 133 00:06:05,760 --> 00:06:07,640 Speaker 3: next administration will continue that process. 134 00:06:07,839 --> 00:06:11,280 Speaker 1: So if losing weight makes you healthier, why would people 135 00:06:11,320 --> 00:06:15,120 Speaker 1: who care about insurance reimbursement medicare and not insist on 136 00:06:15,800 --> 00:06:17,560 Speaker 1: paying for this because it would make you healthier and 137 00:06:17,600 --> 00:06:19,919 Speaker 1: therefore you don't have other diseases yet that they have 138 00:06:19,960 --> 00:06:20,680 Speaker 1: to reimburse you for. 139 00:06:20,960 --> 00:06:22,640 Speaker 3: I think in four or five years we'll look back 140 00:06:22,680 --> 00:06:25,640 Speaker 3: and say, yeah, that's what should have happened, and it's 141 00:06:25,680 --> 00:06:28,400 Speaker 3: silly that we don't pay for what is already known 142 00:06:28,480 --> 00:06:31,200 Speaker 3: to be a primary contributor to poor health, which is 143 00:06:31,200 --> 00:06:34,599 Speaker 3: excess body weight. But you know, do people have different 144 00:06:34,600 --> 00:06:38,200 Speaker 3: motives and incentives. Maybe your employer has a stronger interest 145 00:06:38,240 --> 00:06:40,960 Speaker 3: in your long term health. That's probably why many have 146 00:06:40,960 --> 00:06:41,559 Speaker 3: stepped forward. 147 00:06:41,720 --> 00:06:42,440 Speaker 4: And then evidence. 148 00:06:42,480 --> 00:06:44,839 Speaker 3: Our job is to make the evidence produce the evidence 149 00:06:44,880 --> 00:06:47,839 Speaker 3: that we're not just having people lose weight, but losing 150 00:06:47,839 --> 00:06:50,640 Speaker 3: weight with our medicine causes improved health. And we have 151 00:06:50,720 --> 00:06:53,000 Speaker 3: many studies out this year that are demonstrating that. 152 00:06:53,240 --> 00:06:55,960 Speaker 1: So to take this medicine, you have to inject yourself 153 00:06:56,160 --> 00:06:56,480 Speaker 1: for less. 154 00:06:56,600 --> 00:06:58,159 Speaker 2: Yeah, well why not just go to a pill? 155 00:06:59,120 --> 00:07:02,360 Speaker 4: A great idea. Yeah, we're working on that. 156 00:07:03,760 --> 00:07:07,040 Speaker 3: The injection you have to inject because it's a protein 157 00:07:07,160 --> 00:07:10,720 Speaker 3: and if we orally take proteins, your body thinks it's 158 00:07:10,720 --> 00:07:13,280 Speaker 3: food and it breaks up proteins. So you cannot really 159 00:07:13,360 --> 00:07:15,640 Speaker 3: take these drugs oily. You have to bypass the GI 160 00:07:15,800 --> 00:07:19,200 Speaker 3: track even though it's affecting, and go right to the bloodstream. 161 00:07:19,680 --> 00:07:21,840 Speaker 3: But we are working on a pill. We'll have some 162 00:07:21,920 --> 00:07:25,200 Speaker 3: data actually as early as next year. It's a GLP 163 00:07:25,280 --> 00:07:27,000 Speaker 3: one only it's a single acting It's not going to 164 00:07:27,000 --> 00:07:28,960 Speaker 3: be as good as trs appetite as that bound. It 165 00:07:29,080 --> 00:07:31,400 Speaker 3: be about as good as oozempic, we hope, and this 166 00:07:31,440 --> 00:07:32,720 Speaker 3: would be a once daily pill. 167 00:07:32,960 --> 00:07:35,119 Speaker 1: Some people say that if you go on this drug, 168 00:07:35,240 --> 00:07:38,800 Speaker 1: you have side effects that are not completely desirable. 169 00:07:39,120 --> 00:07:39,880 Speaker 2: Is that true? 170 00:07:40,160 --> 00:07:43,840 Speaker 3: All drugs that work have side effects and sometimes on 171 00:07:43,960 --> 00:07:46,360 Speaker 3: twitter effects, and we have to warn against both of those. 172 00:07:46,560 --> 00:07:48,880 Speaker 3: That's why we do controlled studies and measure them carefully. 173 00:07:49,240 --> 00:07:53,080 Speaker 3: Many people have mild to moderate GI distress when they start. 174 00:07:53,520 --> 00:07:55,400 Speaker 3: That's why we ty trate. We started a low dose. 175 00:07:55,400 --> 00:07:58,520 Speaker 3: We recommend a low dose and go up slowly. Almost 176 00:07:58,560 --> 00:08:01,760 Speaker 3: everybody stays on the dr and goes through that and 177 00:08:01,800 --> 00:08:04,280 Speaker 3: by the third or fourth month really don't have any 178 00:08:04,280 --> 00:08:05,360 Speaker 3: effects any more of. 179 00:08:05,280 --> 00:08:05,680 Speaker 4: That at all. 180 00:08:05,760 --> 00:08:08,160 Speaker 1: Let's suppose you take the drug and say, I've lost weight, 181 00:08:08,480 --> 00:08:09,840 Speaker 1: I'm very happy with my body. 182 00:08:09,880 --> 00:08:11,200 Speaker 2: Now I'm going to get off the drug. 183 00:08:11,480 --> 00:08:14,480 Speaker 1: Some people say that there are it's very difficult to 184 00:08:14,520 --> 00:08:15,480 Speaker 1: not regain the weight. 185 00:08:16,080 --> 00:08:18,559 Speaker 3: That's right, and science tells us that there's a reason 186 00:08:18,600 --> 00:08:24,200 Speaker 3: for that. Some people do maintain the weight reduction or 187 00:08:24,360 --> 00:08:27,240 Speaker 3: stay in that range. They have to change a lot 188 00:08:27,240 --> 00:08:30,320 Speaker 3: about how they live, burn more energy, eat different foods. 189 00:08:30,560 --> 00:08:31,680 Speaker 4: So we can all try that. 190 00:08:31,720 --> 00:08:35,360 Speaker 3: I think we should all try that, actually, but some 191 00:08:35,400 --> 00:08:39,000 Speaker 3: people cannot. And there's a recent paper in Nature that 192 00:08:39,200 --> 00:08:42,760 Speaker 3: actually told us why, which is that once you have 193 00:08:42,840 --> 00:08:45,439 Speaker 3: become obese, your fat sales learned that that's their new 194 00:08:45,480 --> 00:08:49,720 Speaker 3: state and they defend that state, and so they're actually 195 00:08:50,320 --> 00:08:53,120 Speaker 3: wanting more energy and that sends signals to your brain 196 00:08:53,160 --> 00:08:56,520 Speaker 3: and so forth. So once we as adults gain weight 197 00:08:56,640 --> 00:08:59,079 Speaker 3: and have that on for a while, it's very very 198 00:08:59,080 --> 00:09:02,439 Speaker 3: difficult to reset your thermostat if you would to reset 199 00:09:02,760 --> 00:09:05,760 Speaker 3: that level. So for now we do recommend if they 200 00:09:05,760 --> 00:09:08,840 Speaker 3: can't people cannot maintain weight loss off the drug, to 201 00:09:08,920 --> 00:09:11,320 Speaker 3: go back on the drugs and use them chronically. 202 00:09:11,440 --> 00:09:15,479 Speaker 1: Let's talk about Eli Lilly itself. When was his company started. 203 00:09:15,320 --> 00:09:19,520 Speaker 3: Eighteen seventy six, So started by a Colonel Eli Lilly who. 204 00:09:19,679 --> 00:09:20,480 Speaker 4: Served in the Civil War. 205 00:09:20,520 --> 00:09:23,360 Speaker 3: He was a pharmacist by training, led an infantry and 206 00:09:23,800 --> 00:09:28,079 Speaker 3: artillery company, and was a prisoner of war in Alabama actually, 207 00:09:28,440 --> 00:09:31,640 Speaker 3: and he saw firsthand the atrocities of medical care in 208 00:09:31,679 --> 00:09:33,560 Speaker 3: the Civil War. So he started a company with a 209 00:09:33,600 --> 00:09:35,559 Speaker 3: pledge to say everything that's in this is. 210 00:09:35,520 --> 00:09:39,560 Speaker 4: On the label. If it's in there, you know about it. Transparency. 211 00:09:39,800 --> 00:09:42,800 Speaker 3: And that then evolved into a company that embraced the 212 00:09:42,800 --> 00:09:47,280 Speaker 3: scientific method and began to really adopt the methods that 213 00:09:47,320 --> 00:09:50,280 Speaker 3: the modern industry has, which is then taking natural products, 214 00:09:50,280 --> 00:09:52,360 Speaker 3: which is what most medicines were in eighteen seventy six, 215 00:09:52,679 --> 00:09:55,240 Speaker 3: and refining them into what we think of as a medicine. Now. 216 00:09:55,320 --> 00:09:58,840 Speaker 1: When Eli Lilly evolved over the years in the twentieth century, 217 00:09:58,960 --> 00:09:59,959 Speaker 1: what were its big product? 218 00:10:00,320 --> 00:10:03,200 Speaker 3: Yeah, so insulin really was the birth of the modern company. 219 00:10:03,559 --> 00:10:06,320 Speaker 3: And this was obviously a terrible condition, type one diabetes 220 00:10:06,360 --> 00:10:09,040 Speaker 3: and a breakthrough, and we were part of commercializing that 221 00:10:09,200 --> 00:10:12,480 Speaker 3: around the world, invented the manufacturing method and created that 222 00:10:12,559 --> 00:10:16,400 Speaker 3: business that was followed by actually penicillin. So during World 223 00:10:16,440 --> 00:10:18,720 Speaker 3: War Two, Lily was commissioned as one of the manufacturers 224 00:10:18,720 --> 00:10:22,240 Speaker 3: for antibiotics for the army and we from there then 225 00:10:22,320 --> 00:10:27,400 Speaker 3: iterated for forty years antibiotics, including still some that are 226 00:10:27,480 --> 00:10:30,680 Speaker 3: used today like bankamasin, which is the last line of 227 00:10:30,720 --> 00:10:34,360 Speaker 3: defense for the worst infections. Prozac we're famous for, which 228 00:10:34,360 --> 00:10:37,360 Speaker 3: has really brought modern psychiatry into the fold. 229 00:10:37,800 --> 00:10:39,360 Speaker 4: And of course, now manjar O. 230 00:10:39,360 --> 00:10:42,360 Speaker 1: And zep bound, what are the human problems you're working 231 00:10:42,360 --> 00:10:44,680 Speaker 1: on in the future. Alzheimer's, I assume is one of them. 232 00:10:44,720 --> 00:10:47,040 Speaker 3: Absolutely, Yeah, So we think about our company. Of course, 233 00:10:47,080 --> 00:10:51,079 Speaker 3: we use scientific methods to create medicines to solve tough problems. 234 00:10:51,360 --> 00:10:54,360 Speaker 3: We're not really interested in niche problems. We think we're 235 00:10:54,400 --> 00:10:56,960 Speaker 3: here because we're a big company to do hard problems 236 00:10:56,960 --> 00:11:00,240 Speaker 3: that are scalable. That's sort of where makes our business work, 237 00:11:00,240 --> 00:11:02,600 Speaker 3: but also is the most human impact. So we select 238 00:11:02,640 --> 00:11:06,280 Speaker 3: these diseases that are common and tough. So you mentioned Alzheimer's, 239 00:11:06,280 --> 00:11:09,520 Speaker 3: NERD degenerative conditions or the most frightening conditions. Most people 240 00:11:09,600 --> 00:11:13,720 Speaker 3: think about Parkinson's als Alzheimer's and the science. We've been 241 00:11:13,760 --> 00:11:16,320 Speaker 3: investing there for thirty years. We just launched our first 242 00:11:16,360 --> 00:11:18,720 Speaker 3: medicine and so now we're getting revenue after thirty years 243 00:11:18,960 --> 00:11:21,640 Speaker 3: on that project, and we're working on a prevention study 244 00:11:21,679 --> 00:11:24,520 Speaker 3: for that same medicine, which could really transform Alzheimer's. We 245 00:11:24,559 --> 00:11:27,720 Speaker 3: think other NERD to generic conditions like Parkinson's, als, et cetera, 246 00:11:28,000 --> 00:11:30,520 Speaker 3: are becoming more tractable with science, and you'll see us 247 00:11:30,520 --> 00:11:32,440 Speaker 3: invest heavily in that area going forward. 248 00:11:32,600 --> 00:11:35,640 Speaker 1: Are you concerned about the new administration coming into power? 249 00:11:35,880 --> 00:11:38,920 Speaker 1: Have you met with President electromp talk about your issues. 250 00:11:38,960 --> 00:11:41,080 Speaker 3: Healthcare is always a topic and so then our role 251 00:11:41,120 --> 00:11:44,760 Speaker 3: in it and medicine affordability is a key area. 252 00:11:45,040 --> 00:11:46,240 Speaker 4: I think everyone would like. 253 00:11:47,840 --> 00:11:50,040 Speaker 3: The US have a strong biopharma industry that have beens 254 00:11:50,080 --> 00:11:53,320 Speaker 3: amazing medicines like setbound and makes them here like Lily does. 255 00:11:53,800 --> 00:11:55,600 Speaker 3: But at the same time, we want our things to 256 00:11:55,600 --> 00:11:56,199 Speaker 3: be cheap and. 257 00:11:56,360 --> 00:11:57,200 Speaker 4: Accessible to all. 258 00:11:57,840 --> 00:12:00,560 Speaker 3: Okay, that's hard to solve for all those things, but 259 00:12:00,640 --> 00:12:02,839 Speaker 3: we can make progress. Like one example is we were 260 00:12:02,880 --> 00:12:07,400 Speaker 3: known for the insulin pricing challenges we had, and insulin 261 00:12:07,520 --> 00:12:10,839 Speaker 3: was overpriced in the US, according to the critics, and 262 00:12:10,920 --> 00:12:13,040 Speaker 3: we were able to bring that price down. I think 263 00:12:13,200 --> 00:12:15,760 Speaker 3: there are solutions and by engaging we can find them. 264 00:12:15,800 --> 00:12:17,760 Speaker 2: Have you met with anybody in the new administration yet? 265 00:12:17,840 --> 00:12:18,040 Speaker 4: Yeah? 266 00:12:18,040 --> 00:12:19,600 Speaker 3: I think it was reported last week we had a 267 00:12:19,640 --> 00:12:20,840 Speaker 3: dinner down in Florida. 268 00:12:21,240 --> 00:12:23,200 Speaker 2: How was that, Like, did they serve up fattening food 269 00:12:23,280 --> 00:12:24,200 Speaker 2: or they don't do that with you? 270 00:12:25,920 --> 00:12:29,440 Speaker 3: Probably shouldn't say too much about it, but it was 271 00:12:29,480 --> 00:12:31,600 Speaker 3: all you could imagine and a little bit more. 272 00:12:31,800 --> 00:12:34,040 Speaker 4: Yeah. 273 00:12:34,120 --> 00:12:37,680 Speaker 1: Well, let's talk about your own background. Where were you born? 274 00:12:38,120 --> 00:12:38,280 Speaker 4: Yeah? 275 00:12:38,320 --> 00:12:40,720 Speaker 3: I was born in Bloomington, Indiana, So who's your by birth? 276 00:12:41,080 --> 00:12:43,160 Speaker 3: But my dad was a grad student at IU at 277 00:12:43,160 --> 00:12:44,920 Speaker 3: the time, and we quickly left. 278 00:12:44,679 --> 00:12:45,679 Speaker 4: And moved to California. 279 00:12:45,760 --> 00:12:48,160 Speaker 3: My mom was from California and I grew up in 280 00:12:48,160 --> 00:12:50,800 Speaker 3: the Bay Area and then followed in their footsteps and 281 00:12:50,840 --> 00:12:52,840 Speaker 3: went to Purdue University back in Indiana. 282 00:12:52,920 --> 00:12:54,120 Speaker 2: And what did you study there? 283 00:12:54,200 --> 00:12:57,200 Speaker 3: So I started studying business and engineering, ended up with 284 00:12:57,240 --> 00:13:00,120 Speaker 3: a degree industrial management, which combines those two. I went 285 00:13:00,160 --> 00:13:02,840 Speaker 3: to work for IBM in New York. I joined the 286 00:13:02,880 --> 00:13:04,680 Speaker 3: stock wasn't an all time hime when I left, it 287 00:13:04,720 --> 00:13:06,959 Speaker 3: was an all time low. They had a tough time 288 00:13:06,960 --> 00:13:07,920 Speaker 3: in the early nineties. 289 00:13:08,120 --> 00:13:10,800 Speaker 2: She went to join ELI Lilly in what year? 290 00:13:10,960 --> 00:13:14,280 Speaker 3: So I left IBM to follow my girlfriend who's now 291 00:13:14,320 --> 00:13:17,400 Speaker 3: my wife, who was going to medical school at Indiana University. 292 00:13:17,440 --> 00:13:20,520 Speaker 3: So again back to Indiana, and I needed somebody to 293 00:13:20,559 --> 00:13:22,600 Speaker 3: do there, so I decided to enroll in their MBA 294 00:13:22,720 --> 00:13:25,520 Speaker 3: program and I got an MBA. Of course, medicine's a 295 00:13:25,520 --> 00:13:28,320 Speaker 3: four year degree, NBA's two. So I still needed somebody 296 00:13:28,320 --> 00:13:29,760 Speaker 3: to do in Indiana, so I joined Lily. 297 00:13:30,000 --> 00:13:31,440 Speaker 2: What was your position at the beginning? 298 00:13:31,559 --> 00:13:34,400 Speaker 3: Yeah, I was in the department that looked at M 299 00:13:34,400 --> 00:13:38,440 Speaker 3: and A transactions in the finance and Business Development group 300 00:13:38,880 --> 00:13:40,240 Speaker 3: and the great introduction to. 301 00:13:40,240 --> 00:13:41,680 Speaker 1: The Did you ever say I'm going to be the 302 00:13:41,679 --> 00:13:43,360 Speaker 1: CEO someday or something like that? 303 00:13:43,559 --> 00:13:43,640 Speaker 4: Not? 304 00:13:43,800 --> 00:13:46,800 Speaker 3: Then I actually really was thinking I'll be here for 305 00:13:46,840 --> 00:13:48,720 Speaker 3: two years and then we'll be off to Chicago or 306 00:13:48,760 --> 00:13:50,320 Speaker 3: San Francisco and do something different. 307 00:13:50,960 --> 00:13:52,160 Speaker 4: But I fell in love with the company. 308 00:13:52,200 --> 00:13:57,000 Speaker 3: I mean, it's an amazing place. It's a very humanistic culture, 309 00:13:57,880 --> 00:14:01,839 Speaker 3: but yet very rigorous and scientific, so it's demanding smart people, 310 00:14:01,880 --> 00:14:02,959 Speaker 3: but people are nice. 311 00:14:02,800 --> 00:14:03,240 Speaker 4: To each other. 312 00:14:03,280 --> 00:14:05,560 Speaker 3: It's the Midwest, and I fell in love with the mission, 313 00:14:05,600 --> 00:14:09,600 Speaker 3: which is what could be better than making medicine for people. 314 00:14:09,840 --> 00:14:12,240 Speaker 3: I worked on a medicine to collaborate and bring into 315 00:14:12,280 --> 00:14:15,600 Speaker 3: the company for diabetes, and right as I was leaving 316 00:14:15,600 --> 00:14:18,720 Speaker 3: that job, my mother was diagnosed with diabetes and she 317 00:14:18,800 --> 00:14:22,120 Speaker 3: was put on that medicine, and so the sort of 318 00:14:22,160 --> 00:14:25,160 Speaker 3: the point of what we do just became super salient 319 00:14:25,200 --> 00:14:26,480 Speaker 3: for me, and I said, this is not a bad 320 00:14:26,520 --> 00:14:28,080 Speaker 3: way to spend my time. 321 00:14:28,280 --> 00:14:29,960 Speaker 4: And I said to my wife, let's stay here. 322 00:14:30,040 --> 00:14:31,880 Speaker 1: When did you realize that you were on a track 323 00:14:31,960 --> 00:14:32,720 Speaker 1: to be the CEO? 324 00:14:33,000 --> 00:14:34,880 Speaker 2: Was it five years post? For later? 325 00:14:36,200 --> 00:14:36,440 Speaker 4: Well? 326 00:14:36,520 --> 00:14:39,920 Speaker 3: So I worked in that job, and then I had 327 00:14:39,920 --> 00:14:42,800 Speaker 3: some jobs running markets. I ran our Canadian business and 328 00:14:42,800 --> 00:14:44,720 Speaker 3: then went to China for two and a half years 329 00:14:44,720 --> 00:14:47,680 Speaker 3: and ran our Chinese business. And I was suddenly called 330 00:14:47,720 --> 00:14:50,600 Speaker 3: back from China by the CEO who was a new CEO, 331 00:14:50,720 --> 00:14:52,480 Speaker 3: and he said you need to come run our US business. 332 00:14:52,480 --> 00:14:54,480 Speaker 3: And said, John, do't you want me to finish the job? 333 00:14:54,520 --> 00:14:56,920 Speaker 3: He said, you need to come back. I think that 334 00:14:57,040 --> 00:14:59,920 Speaker 3: was the point where I was sort of being cultivated 335 00:15:00,040 --> 00:15:01,160 Speaker 3: for big something bigger. 336 00:15:01,520 --> 00:15:04,280 Speaker 2: You now have three children, Yeah, for a while. 337 00:15:04,120 --> 00:15:09,680 Speaker 4: I've had three children. Yea, Yes, they're young adults. 338 00:15:09,680 --> 00:15:12,600 Speaker 1: Now, okay, all right, But are any of them interested 339 00:15:12,640 --> 00:15:15,640 Speaker 1: in weight reduction programs or things like. 340 00:15:15,600 --> 00:15:16,480 Speaker 2: That or not really? 341 00:15:16,600 --> 00:15:20,280 Speaker 3: Well, so my son, he's an AI consultant, so not 342 00:15:20,400 --> 00:15:23,560 Speaker 3: so much. My daughter is actually getting master's in sell 343 00:15:23,560 --> 00:15:26,400 Speaker 3: biology and interested in med school, so she's thinking about 344 00:15:26,440 --> 00:15:29,720 Speaker 3: medicine and medical science. And we talk a lot about 345 00:15:29,760 --> 00:15:32,200 Speaker 3: the weight loss drugs. And my youngest son is a 346 00:15:32,280 --> 00:15:34,800 Speaker 3: geology student that produe, so we'll see what he does. 347 00:15:34,840 --> 00:15:36,960 Speaker 1: So what do you do for relaxation to stay in shape? 348 00:15:37,160 --> 00:15:40,520 Speaker 1: You're not on one of these drugs? I think because 349 00:15:40,520 --> 00:15:42,280 Speaker 1: you look very fit and exercise a lot. 350 00:15:43,040 --> 00:15:45,440 Speaker 3: Yeah I'm not, but I would never hesitate to be 351 00:15:45,480 --> 00:15:48,920 Speaker 3: on one if I needed it. But the best medicine 352 00:15:48,960 --> 00:15:52,359 Speaker 3: is prevention, and so you know, paying attention to exercise 353 00:15:52,440 --> 00:15:54,240 Speaker 3: is something I've always cared about It's a way I 354 00:15:54,280 --> 00:15:57,840 Speaker 3: reduce stress too. So I loved running, and now I 355 00:15:57,880 --> 00:16:00,600 Speaker 3: don't run anymore, but I do other things like hiking. 356 00:16:00,680 --> 00:16:05,320 Speaker 3: I love backcountry skiing and the outdoors, play golf. Being 357 00:16:05,320 --> 00:16:08,960 Speaker 3: outside is where I find both fitness and peace. 358 00:16:09,080 --> 00:16:12,480 Speaker 1: You've had an astounding success at ELI, Lelly. Suppose a 359 00:16:12,560 --> 00:16:14,240 Speaker 1: president of the United States said you should be the 360 00:16:14,320 --> 00:16:18,120 Speaker 1: secretary of HHS or something like that, what would you say. 361 00:16:18,160 --> 00:16:21,320 Speaker 3: You know, the company, as you've pointed out graciously, is 362 00:16:21,360 --> 00:16:24,440 Speaker 3: really doing well, but you know, we really have a 363 00:16:24,480 --> 00:16:26,920 Speaker 3: strong desire to do even more, and we're just at 364 00:16:26,920 --> 00:16:30,280 Speaker 3: the beginning of this weight loss story. You know, right 365 00:16:30,320 --> 00:16:33,040 Speaker 3: now there's six or seven million Americans who are taking 366 00:16:33,040 --> 00:16:35,280 Speaker 3: these medicines. There are one hundred and ten million with obesity. 367 00:16:35,840 --> 00:16:38,120 Speaker 3: We need to build more plants and develop more data, 368 00:16:38,640 --> 00:16:40,680 Speaker 3: get in better insurance coverage, and then there's the whole 369 00:16:40,680 --> 00:16:43,400 Speaker 3: world to cover. It's projected in five years there'll be 370 00:16:43,440 --> 00:16:46,440 Speaker 3: a billion people on the planet who have obesity, and 371 00:16:46,720 --> 00:16:49,000 Speaker 3: it's going to become a much bigger problem in the 372 00:16:49,040 --> 00:16:51,440 Speaker 3: developing world than it ever has been in America. 373 00:16:51,600 --> 00:16:54,680 Speaker 1: When you have drugs that are very, very popular that 374 00:16:54,720 --> 00:16:58,120 Speaker 1: you often have people that make counterfeit or copycat drugs. 375 00:16:58,680 --> 00:17:00,800 Speaker 1: What about for this do you have to worry about 376 00:17:00,800 --> 00:17:03,120 Speaker 1: counterfeit drugs coming in that are trying to say the 377 00:17:03,160 --> 00:17:03,560 Speaker 1: same thing. 378 00:17:03,640 --> 00:17:06,280 Speaker 3: It's a terrible problem right now, actually, because I think 379 00:17:06,280 --> 00:17:07,800 Speaker 3: consumers don't really know. 380 00:17:07,920 --> 00:17:09,280 Speaker 4: The dangers or the difference. 381 00:17:10,359 --> 00:17:14,080 Speaker 3: Today, the FDA and the government has allowed this to 382 00:17:14,240 --> 00:17:15,160 Speaker 3: sort of grow. 383 00:17:15,600 --> 00:17:17,120 Speaker 4: And of course a weight. 384 00:17:16,960 --> 00:17:19,399 Speaker 3: Loss medication that's effected would be a popular thing for 385 00:17:19,440 --> 00:17:22,159 Speaker 3: people to go around the healthcare system and seek treatment 386 00:17:22,200 --> 00:17:24,440 Speaker 3: on their own. But the data we have is that 387 00:17:24,560 --> 00:17:27,720 Speaker 3: eighty percent of these medicines are coming out of China 388 00:17:27,800 --> 00:17:32,480 Speaker 3: from unapproved and unregulated sources. We recently with Borders and 389 00:17:32,520 --> 00:17:36,200 Speaker 3: Customs seized a big batch that was shipped in dog food. 390 00:17:37,640 --> 00:17:41,680 Speaker 3: People then reformulate them and sell them locally in medspas 391 00:17:41,720 --> 00:17:44,760 Speaker 3: and other outfits. But you really don't know what's in 392 00:17:44,800 --> 00:17:47,320 Speaker 3: that vile We buy them and test them, we find bacteria, 393 00:17:47,440 --> 00:17:49,360 Speaker 3: plant material, viruses, fungus. 394 00:17:49,960 --> 00:17:51,040 Speaker 4: You do not want to be using. 395 00:17:51,160 --> 00:17:54,119 Speaker 1: But how much more expensive are your drugs than the 396 00:17:54,680 --> 00:17:56,800 Speaker 1: counterfeit ones? In other words, if somebody wants to use 397 00:17:57,880 --> 00:18:02,000 Speaker 1: your product zep bound, how much does it cost a month? 398 00:18:02,160 --> 00:18:04,680 Speaker 3: You can buy zepbound direct from Lily for three ninety 399 00:18:04,760 --> 00:18:05,880 Speaker 3: nine for the starter do. 400 00:18:05,960 --> 00:18:07,520 Speaker 2: Eight dollars and ninety nine cents. 401 00:18:07,600 --> 00:18:11,920 Speaker 3: No, this is a valuable innovation, David. Three hundred and 402 00:18:11,960 --> 00:18:15,520 Speaker 3: ninety nine. Three hundred and ninety nine dollars a month, 403 00:18:15,600 --> 00:18:17,560 Speaker 3: all right, which is about one hundred dollars a week. 404 00:18:17,600 --> 00:18:20,160 Speaker 3: And I know that's a sacrifice for many, but that's 405 00:18:20,200 --> 00:18:23,959 Speaker 3: without insurance. With insurance, most people pay twenty five dollars 406 00:18:24,200 --> 00:18:27,080 Speaker 3: a month. So that's the importance of insurance. That's why 407 00:18:27,119 --> 00:18:29,320 Speaker 3: we buy insurance to shield this from our health costs. 408 00:18:29,720 --> 00:18:31,719 Speaker 3: The online ones, you know, are as cheap as one 409 00:18:31,760 --> 00:18:34,919 Speaker 3: hundred dollars. But these are companies that want all the 410 00:18:34,960 --> 00:18:37,760 Speaker 3: benefits of being a drug company but bear none other responsibilities. 411 00:18:37,880 --> 00:18:40,680 Speaker 2: So let's talk about the company today. How many employees 412 00:18:40,720 --> 00:18:41,040 Speaker 2: do you have? 413 00:18:41,720 --> 00:18:42,880 Speaker 4: Forty four thousand. 414 00:18:42,920 --> 00:18:46,399 Speaker 1: And you're headquartered in Indianapolis, yes, correct? And where do 415 00:18:46,440 --> 00:18:49,320 Speaker 1: you manufacture your drugs? Are the most in the US 416 00:18:49,359 --> 00:18:51,200 Speaker 1: or mostly overseas. 417 00:18:50,880 --> 00:18:53,080 Speaker 3: Mostly in the US, a large majority in Europe as well, 418 00:18:53,119 --> 00:18:55,560 Speaker 3: So those are our two big bases for production. And 419 00:18:55,600 --> 00:18:58,359 Speaker 3: in the US we're building lots of plants right now, 420 00:18:58,400 --> 00:19:00,000 Speaker 3: mostly to support zep bound. 421 00:19:00,000 --> 00:19:00,520 Speaker 4: I'm Mancharro. 422 00:19:00,680 --> 00:19:03,439 Speaker 1: When did you all realize this is so transformative that 423 00:19:03,480 --> 00:19:06,040 Speaker 1: you're going to become the most valuable pharmaceutical company in 424 00:19:06,080 --> 00:19:08,119 Speaker 1: the world by a factor of four or five times. 425 00:19:08,359 --> 00:19:11,800 Speaker 3: It's hard to know exactly what the scale of something is, 426 00:19:12,359 --> 00:19:15,720 Speaker 3: but I will The story of churs epetit or zepbound 427 00:19:15,760 --> 00:19:18,560 Speaker 3: for me is this. In twenty sixteen, I was named 428 00:19:18,760 --> 00:19:22,440 Speaker 3: as the incoming CEO. In that fall, one of our 429 00:19:22,480 --> 00:19:26,120 Speaker 3: scientists in the diabetes group called me about some early 430 00:19:26,240 --> 00:19:30,000 Speaker 3: results they were receiving from singaporean site we had that 431 00:19:30,119 --> 00:19:34,520 Speaker 3: was doing a phase one study with churzepetite, the ingredient 432 00:19:34,560 --> 00:19:36,840 Speaker 3: and zepbound, and we had to stop the study because 433 00:19:36,840 --> 00:19:39,000 Speaker 3: people were losing too much weight to stay in it. 434 00:19:39,960 --> 00:19:42,960 Speaker 3: And at first this was seen as like an alarming thing, 435 00:19:43,760 --> 00:19:45,520 Speaker 3: but of course we began to process that is, wait 436 00:19:45,560 --> 00:19:48,639 Speaker 3: a minute, this could be something very special. So we 437 00:19:48,720 --> 00:19:51,240 Speaker 3: sped to the next stage of development, phase two, where 438 00:19:51,280 --> 00:19:54,000 Speaker 3: you try to show safety and efficacy in a bigger study. 439 00:19:54,480 --> 00:19:58,520 Speaker 3: And I remember, in a kind of a moment, I 440 00:19:58,560 --> 00:20:00,399 Speaker 3: was showing my daughter around a college. We were at 441 00:20:00,400 --> 00:20:04,000 Speaker 3: cal Berkeley, standing outside of the Lawrence Hall of Science, 442 00:20:05,200 --> 00:20:07,280 Speaker 3: and I got a phone call and the team just 443 00:20:07,320 --> 00:20:09,639 Speaker 3: got off the plane, got the results and showed that 444 00:20:09,640 --> 00:20:12,280 Speaker 3: people were losing over twenty percent body weight in a 445 00:20:12,320 --> 00:20:15,000 Speaker 3: longer study that was in April of eighteen. 446 00:20:15,720 --> 00:20:17,240 Speaker 4: We disclosed those results later. 447 00:20:17,119 --> 00:20:19,840 Speaker 3: That year, and you could probably argue a lot of 448 00:20:19,840 --> 00:20:23,320 Speaker 3: the run up in Lily was just execution from that 449 00:20:23,359 --> 00:20:24,120 Speaker 3: moment forward. 450 00:20:24,359 --> 00:20:26,000 Speaker 2: Did you take the credit for this? Are you the 451 00:20:26,000 --> 00:20:27,800 Speaker 2: person responsible for this happening or not? 452 00:20:27,960 --> 00:20:29,919 Speaker 3: Of course, as a CEO of a role in all this, 453 00:20:30,080 --> 00:20:32,080 Speaker 3: but it would be way overstating the role if I 454 00:20:32,119 --> 00:20:34,879 Speaker 3: took credit. So the credit goes to the scientists to 455 00:20:34,920 --> 00:20:37,760 Speaker 3: begin with. We have a lot of incumbent capabilities, like 456 00:20:37,800 --> 00:20:41,080 Speaker 3: how do you take a protein like GLP one, which 457 00:20:41,560 --> 00:20:44,399 Speaker 3: in the natural body lasts only a few seconds and 458 00:20:44,440 --> 00:20:46,879 Speaker 3: make it into a week long injection. So that's a 459 00:20:46,880 --> 00:20:49,439 Speaker 3: pharmacology exercise that's difficult, and we have people who can 460 00:20:49,480 --> 00:20:51,360 Speaker 3: do that, and we have people who do the clinical 461 00:20:51,359 --> 00:20:54,359 Speaker 3: trials and everything else to see the opportunity and go 462 00:20:54,440 --> 00:20:56,040 Speaker 3: for it. We have people who make it every day 463 00:20:56,119 --> 00:20:58,280 Speaker 3: twenty four to seven. We run our factories. So it's 464 00:20:58,320 --> 00:20:59,320 Speaker 3: a giant team sport. 465 00:20:59,440 --> 00:21:01,080 Speaker 1: Where do you want to take your company now you 466 00:21:01,119 --> 00:21:03,480 Speaker 1: can't find any drug it's going to be more successful 467 00:21:03,480 --> 00:21:06,200 Speaker 1: than one you have is you're just going to keep 468 00:21:06,440 --> 00:21:07,399 Speaker 1: promoting this drug. 469 00:21:07,520 --> 00:21:10,760 Speaker 3: First of all, within the obesity metabolic health space, I 470 00:21:10,800 --> 00:21:12,800 Speaker 3: think there's two things I'm very excited about. One is 471 00:21:13,400 --> 00:21:16,480 Speaker 3: we have tzepetide modros that found on the market. We 472 00:21:16,520 --> 00:21:20,680 Speaker 3: have eleven other pipeline projects aimed at the same problem 473 00:21:21,160 --> 00:21:22,479 Speaker 3: but in different ways. 474 00:21:22,560 --> 00:21:23,720 Speaker 4: So we have a triple. 475 00:21:23,400 --> 00:21:26,800 Speaker 3: Acting medicine that's in phase three for those that have 476 00:21:26,880 --> 00:21:29,639 Speaker 3: even higher body weight or more severe health problems. We 477 00:21:29,680 --> 00:21:33,480 Speaker 3: have the Oral Project, nine others Beyond that, we think 478 00:21:33,520 --> 00:21:36,000 Speaker 3: this is going to be a very large segment with 479 00:21:36,119 --> 00:21:39,679 Speaker 3: many different types of medicines for different conditions and different 480 00:21:39,720 --> 00:21:41,479 Speaker 3: situations people might find themselves in. 481 00:21:41,760 --> 00:21:42,960 Speaker 4: We're going to exploit that fully. 482 00:21:43,080 --> 00:21:45,679 Speaker 3: The second thing is we've talked a lot about like 483 00:21:45,720 --> 00:21:48,679 Speaker 3: cardivascer health, diabetes, these conditions that wants to think about 484 00:21:48,720 --> 00:21:52,560 Speaker 3: with being overweight. But these medicines, we think and we 485 00:21:52,680 --> 00:21:54,679 Speaker 3: aim to prove, can be useful for other things we 486 00:21:54,800 --> 00:21:59,040 Speaker 3: don't think about connected to weight. These are often called 487 00:21:59,080 --> 00:22:03,200 Speaker 3: anti hedonic, so they are reducing that desire cycle. So 488 00:22:03,600 --> 00:22:06,360 Speaker 3: next year you'll see Lily start large studies and alcohol 489 00:22:06,359 --> 00:22:10,400 Speaker 3: abuse and nicotine use even in drug abuse. And then 490 00:22:10,400 --> 00:22:13,359 Speaker 3: beyond that, David, we need to make important medicines for 491 00:22:13,359 --> 00:22:15,280 Speaker 3: the long haul or old company. We plan to be 492 00:22:15,320 --> 00:22:17,639 Speaker 3: here another one hundred and fifty years plus. And I 493 00:22:17,760 --> 00:22:20,080 Speaker 3: mentioned my excitement about brain health. I think that's really 494 00:22:20,160 --> 00:22:20,960 Speaker 3: the next frontier. 495 00:22:21,680 --> 00:22:24,119 Speaker 1: Thanks for listening to hear more of my interviews. You 496 00:22:24,240 --> 00:22:28,359 Speaker 1: can subscribe and download my podcast on Spotify, Apple, or 497 00:22:28,359 --> 00:22:29,200 Speaker 1: wherever you listen