WEBVTT - The Cocaine Connection: Coca-Cola, Freud, and Sherlock Holmes

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<v Speaker 1>Ridiculous Crime is a production of iHeartRadio.

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<v Speaker 2>Elizabeth Dunton Saron Brunette got a question for you, my friend, Yes, ma'am,

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<v Speaker 2>do you know what's ridiculous?

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<v Speaker 3>Yeah?

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<v Speaker 4>I do.

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<v Speaker 2>Okay, Well I'm sitting over here, just honestly.

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<v Speaker 3>I will let you know. Okay, So I like jokesters, tricksters.

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<v Speaker 3>The ultimate trickster is what one art historian called this artist,

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<v Speaker 3>Jen's Haunting. And he's from He lives in Copenhagen. All right,

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<v Speaker 3>he's a conceptual artist. He does like big sculptures. And

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<v Speaker 3>he had this one I head a thing about like

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<v Speaker 3>a sound piece where Turks told jokes in their native

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<v Speaker 3>language and then they played it in a public square

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<v Speaker 3>in Oslo. Okay, yeah, okay, you see where I'm going

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<v Speaker 3>with this anyway, this is not a mashup.

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<v Speaker 2>Ps God, yeah, Bert I can cry if I want to.

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<v Speaker 3>We we did actually get a lot of tips off

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<v Speaker 3>on this, but it's a good art kind of mini heist.

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<v Speaker 3>Where so this this haunting, he'd done a piece before

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<v Speaker 3>that had currency on it, money, and so a museum

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<v Speaker 3>gave him money to create two works with banknotes featured

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<v Speaker 3>all over these canvases. It was supposed to have four

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<v Speaker 3>hundred and ninety two five hundred and forty nine kroner,

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<v Speaker 3>which is equivalent to little, you know, sixty nine thousand

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<v Speaker 3>ballparking dollars, which is the average annual salary in Denmark.

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<v Speaker 3>And he was supposed to put it on this canvas

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<v Speaker 3>and oh my gosh, what a statement, and look at

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<v Speaker 3>this is what we make. So he goes. He goes though,

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<v Speaker 3>he's like, yeah, hold on, let me just work on this.

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<v Speaker 4>I love that.

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<v Speaker 2>Let me work with this, right, and he.

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<v Speaker 3>Drives up in his little scooter whatever, scoot scoot. He

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<v Speaker 3>toodles up and walks in with two blank canvases and

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<v Speaker 3>is like, here are my pieces. And he said, they

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<v Speaker 3>said what and he said yeah, they're called take the

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<v Speaker 3>money and run. Oh yes, I heard of the just

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<v Speaker 3>gave him blank ones.

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<v Speaker 2>I love this. He's like, I spent the money. Yeah, right,

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<v Speaker 2>there you go art.

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<v Speaker 3>So that the museum was like, not funny, seriously, where's

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<v Speaker 3>the art. He's like, not funny, this is art.

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<v Speaker 2>This is it. And so U say, Marcel, do this

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<v Speaker 2>is it?

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<v Speaker 3>They said, we're supposed to turn back, like we're supposed

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<v Speaker 3>to get this money back, like we're going to be

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<v Speaker 3>able to take it off the canvases when.

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<v Speaker 2>This I didn't see that in the paperwork.

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<v Speaker 3>Yeah, So they took him to court and the court

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<v Speaker 3>said that he could keep forty thousand of those kroner

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<v Speaker 3>because that was what they were supposed to pay him.

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<v Speaker 3>But he had to give everything back and he's now

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<v Speaker 3>appealing it because he's like it is but art.

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<v Speaker 2>Who's to say it was conceptual art?

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<v Speaker 3>Yeah? That was my concept is I took your money

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<v Speaker 3>and a ran and that, my friend, is ridiculous.

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<v Speaker 2>Oh my god, that's super ridiculous. That is thank you

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<v Speaker 2>laid one.

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<v Speaker 5>Up for me.

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<v Speaker 2>Well, if you got a second, I got one for you. Yes,

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<v Speaker 2>this story, it is wild. Are you ready to have

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<v Speaker 2>your mind the flippid all the time? Yeah, because this

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<v Speaker 2>is a story of how and why cocaine became the thing.

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<v Speaker 2>What Yeah, it's with this story, okay, elzb that comes

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<v Speaker 2>down to three iconic names, two brands, and a man. Okay, yeah.

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<v Speaker 2>Now what's when I was doing the research on this,

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<v Speaker 2>Well was truly wild is how these three and their

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<v Speaker 2>relationships to cocaine it changed not just recreational drug use forever,

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<v Speaker 2>but also how you and I and we mister and

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<v Speaker 2>Missus America and all the ships to see how we

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<v Speaker 2>think about ourselves and others? Oh yeah, did you know

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<v Speaker 2>that we can blame cocaine for the rise of Freudian

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<v Speaker 2>analysis and talk therapy? What?

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<v Speaker 6>Okay?

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<v Speaker 2>This is Ridiculous Crime, a podcast about absurd and outrageous capers, heists,

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<v Speaker 2>and cons. It's always ninety nine percent murder free and

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<v Speaker 2>one hundred percent ridiculous.

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<v Speaker 3>You are correct, Elizabeth Zaren, all.

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<v Speaker 2>Right, for reasons that make perfect sense. When we've discussed

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<v Speaker 2>cocaine comes up a lot in the show.

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<v Speaker 3>Yeah, I guess.

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<v Speaker 2>It's often of a ridiculous crime is because it inspires

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<v Speaker 2>ridiculous egos.

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<v Speaker 3>It's just fuels ridiculous crimes. It's a subject as a

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<v Speaker 3>target of crimes.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, it's both a motivator and the target. Yeah yeah,

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<v Speaker 2>So why did we start sniffing that demon white pattern.

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<v Speaker 2>I'm gonna tell you. They simply put the reason why

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<v Speaker 2>people do coke recreationally. It comes down to three names

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<v Speaker 2>that you know, you already know these folks, Sigmund Freud,

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<v Speaker 2>Coca Cola, and Sherlock Holms. Charlotte Okay said, like I said,

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<v Speaker 2>two brands and a man.

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<v Speaker 3>Okay, let's start with a brand, a man, and a

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<v Speaker 3>fictional man.

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<v Speaker 2>Sure, but Charlotte Colmes at this point is a brand. Okay,

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<v Speaker 2>I'm stretching it.

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<v Speaker 3>Well, then two brands and okay this, No, I.

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<v Speaker 2>Got it, a brand, a man and a fictional man.

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<v Speaker 3>Okay, I like it better.

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<v Speaker 2>Okay, I'll start with the first one. Up coke as

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<v Speaker 2>in Coca cola. Let's separate the fact from the fiction,

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<v Speaker 2>legend from the myth and uh also the coke from

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<v Speaker 2>the Kuba lever Now, Elizabeth, you ever heard of the

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<v Speaker 2>drink von Matriani?

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<v Speaker 3>No?

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<v Speaker 2>You ever heard of Queen Victoria? Not the cruise ship

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<v Speaker 2>the woman?

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<v Speaker 3>Yeah, okay, we go way back.

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<v Speaker 2>What about Thomas Edison?

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<v Speaker 3>I know of him?

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<v Speaker 2>Ulysses S. Grant, Yes, you like to read? Yes, you

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<v Speaker 2>like the playwright Heinri Gibson. Yes, what about Jules Verne?

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<v Speaker 3>Yes?

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<v Speaker 2>Okay, you're also a former Catholic. So you ever heard

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<v Speaker 2>of Pope Leo the thirteenth?

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<v Speaker 3>Yes?

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<v Speaker 2>Can you guess what all of these folks have.

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<v Speaker 3>Little sniffers?

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<v Speaker 2>No, they all publicly exclaimed the virtues of drinking red

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<v Speaker 2>wine laced with cocaine. Oh god, yeah, the Holy Roman Father,

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<v Speaker 2>Pope Leo the thirteenth. He was a particularly big fan.

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<v Speaker 2>He said that Juan Marianni, the brand name for Cocaine

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<v Speaker 2>red wine, was perfect for those times when quote, when

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<v Speaker 2>prayer was insufficient.

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<v Speaker 3>Wait, okay, stop, okay, So he just still sprinkle me,

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<v Speaker 3>sprinkle me into the red wine.

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<v Speaker 2>And he's like, Jesus makes better wine.

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<v Speaker 3>Is like this, this is I can do anything now.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah exactly.

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<v Speaker 3>He's like, this is a nightmare.

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<v Speaker 2>So what about old Tommy Edison. He was also a

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<v Speaker 2>big fan of cocaine wine. He was like, look, the

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<v Speaker 2>electric lightbel ain't gonna invent itself. Daddy needs his cocaine wine.

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<v Speaker 3>Cocaine I'm not. I'm not familiar with cocaine wine.

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<v Speaker 7>I know.

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<v Speaker 3>Again, that's terrifying.

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<v Speaker 2>Also another big fan former Civil War General US President

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<v Speaker 2>Ulysses As Grant. He was a vall merryani man as well.

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<v Speaker 2>Grant known to be a drinker. He at the end

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<v Speaker 2>of his life when he's writing his memoirs, he tasted

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<v Speaker 2>some of this cocaine lace wine. He's like, we're gonna

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<v Speaker 2>get a barrel of this stuff.

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<v Speaker 3>And it was always red wine. Doesn't you think it

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<v Speaker 3>would make sense to put it in white wine.

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<v Speaker 2>Uh, if you were right, Yeah, if you're dumping like

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<v Speaker 2>just straight powdered.

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<v Speaker 3>And also just the vibe of a buttery shard.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, smooth buttery shard. So you have all these incredible endorsements, right,

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<v Speaker 2>You got luminaries, queens, popes, writers, actresses like Sarah Barnhardt,

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<v Speaker 2>the big actress of the nineteenth century. Ers, you know,

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<v Speaker 2>war heroes. Everybody is saying, you gotta dry this cocaine wine.

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<v Speaker 5>Right.

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<v Speaker 2>It becomes a publicity gold mine. And it also launched

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<v Speaker 2>a cocaine craze.

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<v Speaker 3>It was like the four Loco of the day exactly.

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<v Speaker 2>This was the first cocaine craze. It starts out based

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<v Speaker 2>on this one humble, little scientific journal paper. Right. So

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<v Speaker 2>back in eighteen fifty nine, there was this chemist, Friedrich Wohler,

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<v Speaker 2>and he isolated the active ingredient in the coca leaf. Now,

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<v Speaker 2>that same year, an Italian scientist Paolo Mantegayza, he wrote

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<v Speaker 2>a paper about this strange South American plant called cocaine.

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<v Speaker 2>It's isolate cocaine. He was astounded with the potential for medicines.

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<v Speaker 2>He's like, oh, you can do everything with this stuff.

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<v Speaker 2>It's amazing. Right, French chemist. He reads this Italian scientist

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<v Speaker 2>paper about the coca plant and all of his medicinal

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<v Speaker 2>properties gives him ideas. He thinks to himself, what if

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<v Speaker 2>what if I were to pour some of this coca

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<v Speaker 2>into my wine? Huh so, and that Elizabeth was the

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<v Speaker 2>invention of the French dish coca van No, no, it's

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<v Speaker 2>chicken heay? Whatever is is with his idea? What if

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<v Speaker 2>it dumps of this cocain too? My revant? He was

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<v Speaker 2>like that became the brainchild of the French chemist Angelo Marianni.

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<v Speaker 2>So for his new beverage, he selected a fine Bordeaux wine,

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<v Speaker 2>a smart red with an earthy nose, and he laced

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<v Speaker 2>it with six milligrams of coca leaf per ounce of wine.

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<v Speaker 2>Oh yes, per ounce?

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<v Speaker 6>What?

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<v Speaker 2>And thus von Marianni.

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<v Speaker 3>Was after himself. He's like, I can't feel my faith exactly, I.

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<v Speaker 2>Can't even is he is my tief? So it was

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<v Speaker 2>called technically, the official name was von Tolnique Marianni a

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<v Speaker 2>lacuca du perout okay right, So it was sold as

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<v Speaker 2>the DJ stif and appartif it was built as an

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<v Speaker 2>energy boosting tonic. It's just everything to anybody. Cocaine wines

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<v Speaker 2>were even sold as safe for French kids. Now do

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<v Speaker 2>you understand French kids were already drinking wine, So it's

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<v Speaker 2>just a cocaine that was new. So anyway, the year

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<v Speaker 2>at this point, we're in eighteen sixty three when he

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<v Speaker 2>invents his cocaine wine. So this new drink, which I said,

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<v Speaker 2>it's heavily marketed right around the world. Vall Marianni becomes

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<v Speaker 2>this huge hit. You've seen posters of von Marianni, big

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<v Speaker 2>now poke styled things. Yeah, most likely embtting you've seen

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<v Speaker 2>what Now the Queen of the British Empire, the head

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<v Speaker 2>of the Catholic Church, they're both saying coke wine is it?

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<v Speaker 2>So what do the people do? Everyone's like, oh, this

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<v Speaker 2>is amazing. Then medicine comes along. There's this wave of doctors.

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<v Speaker 2>They start singing the praise of cocaine wine. In the

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<v Speaker 2>journal Medical News. This was from eighteen ninety it reported

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<v Speaker 2>quote that no recognized medical preparation has received stronger endorsement

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<v Speaker 2>at the hands of the medical profession. So eventually America

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<v Speaker 2>gets his grubby little hands on medical cocaine and coke wine,

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<v Speaker 2>and you know, then we start doing we do best.

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<v Speaker 2>We turned it into big business. Yeah, so what it

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<v Speaker 2>first started out is snake oil, Like you know, the

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<v Speaker 2>base side. We talked about the ancient Chinese medicines in

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<v Speaker 2>the West. Eventually these turn into patent medicines, and these

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<v Speaker 2>patent medicine ingredients were later replaced with cocaine because they're like,

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<v Speaker 2>why do we got to put it in whiskey and

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<v Speaker 2>a bunch of sugar. We just put it into cocaine.

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<v Speaker 2>So then all of a sudden, boom, almost all the

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<v Speaker 2>patent medicines are cocaine and morphine are laudanum based.

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<v Speaker 4>Right.

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<v Speaker 2>Eventually this blossoms into a whole industry of health tonics

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<v Speaker 2>and vitality restoring elixirs and all that kind of stuff. Right,

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<v Speaker 2>many of these, as I said, if you drew huge

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<v Speaker 2>doses of cocaine, and so much so that when von

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<v Speaker 2>Marianni wanted to import his cocaine wine, he had to

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<v Speaker 2>up the amount of cocaine he put his wine. Yes, exactly.

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<v Speaker 2>So the thing about how Von Marianni was like how

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<v Speaker 2>why it was such a kick to the spirit, if

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<v Speaker 2>you will, was the cocaine would be metabolized by the wine. Okay,

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<v Speaker 2>you're ready for little chemistry.

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<v Speaker 3>Elizabeth always sciences and me, oh my god, love each other.

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<v Speaker 2>Two fingers in one glove.

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<v Speaker 3>I mean, I have not met a science class. I

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<v Speaker 3>couldn't fail.

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<v Speaker 2>So the active ingredient in red wine is ethanol. That's

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<v Speaker 2>a type of alcohol, right, So ethanol can also be

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<v Speaker 2>used as a solvent. So this solvent then can extract

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<v Speaker 2>what we think of as cocaine from the coca leaf, right,

0:10:52.679 --> 0:10:55.320
<v Speaker 2>and then it kind of will suspend the cocaine in

0:10:55.360 --> 0:10:57.880
<v Speaker 2>the red wine. So what that means is that when

0:10:57.880 --> 0:11:00.360
<v Speaker 2>you drink the von Marianni, the coca leaf and the

0:11:00.400 --> 0:11:03.200
<v Speaker 2>red wine, they create this new third chemical compound called

0:11:03.200 --> 0:11:06.640
<v Speaker 2>coca ethylene. This is informed in the liver as you

0:11:06.760 --> 0:11:10.120
<v Speaker 2>metabolize the coke wine. And this is what gave vall

0:11:10.240 --> 0:11:15.240
<v Speaker 2>Mariani it's powerful kick, this cocaine coc ethylene. It gives

0:11:15.240 --> 0:11:19.920
<v Speaker 2>also crazy euphoria inducing qualities. It's like cocaine and wine

0:11:19.920 --> 0:11:24.040
<v Speaker 2>formed a wonder twins like situation. Right. So unfortunately, and

0:11:24.240 --> 0:11:26.080
<v Speaker 2>I don't know sadly of who you say, if you

0:11:26.120 --> 0:11:28.960
<v Speaker 2>were a fan of vall Marianni, the inventor Angelo Marianni,

0:11:29.520 --> 0:11:31.840
<v Speaker 2>he made one big mistake. He forgot to pass on

0:11:31.880 --> 0:11:35.160
<v Speaker 2>his recipe to his descendants. So his coke wine fell

0:11:35.200 --> 0:11:38.000
<v Speaker 2>out of production as soon as he drops test his

0:11:38.040 --> 0:11:40.400
<v Speaker 2>secret of the cocaine wine went to his grave with him.

0:11:40.760 --> 0:11:42.319
<v Speaker 2>I do not know if he died of a heart attack.

0:11:42.400 --> 0:11:45.240
<v Speaker 2>Pro I have to I have to consort with my sources,

0:11:45.240 --> 0:11:47.880
<v Speaker 2>but I can't tell you right now. Interesting anyway, his

0:11:47.960 --> 0:11:51.000
<v Speaker 2>creation right it inspires the Americans. As I told you,

0:11:51.240 --> 0:11:53.400
<v Speaker 2>one American in particular, You're gonna turn this into a

0:11:53.440 --> 0:11:57.440
<v Speaker 2>great empire, a cocaine wine health tonic. This American, he

0:11:57.440 --> 0:12:00.200
<v Speaker 2>was a morphine junkie, a former Civil War veteran on

0:12:00.240 --> 0:12:04.280
<v Speaker 2>the losing side. His name John Pemberton. He creates Pemberton's

0:12:04.320 --> 0:12:07.000
<v Speaker 2>French Wine right now. The year at this point, we're

0:12:07.000 --> 0:12:09.920
<v Speaker 2>into eighteen eighty five. Now, Angela Marianne's I told you

0:12:09.960 --> 0:12:13.520
<v Speaker 2>the original formula for cocoa wine, he'd featured six milligrams

0:12:13.520 --> 0:12:16.240
<v Speaker 2>of cocaine per fluid ounce. But when you wanted to

0:12:16.240 --> 0:12:17.760
<v Speaker 2>costell to the Americans, he had to bump it up

0:12:17.800 --> 0:12:21.520
<v Speaker 2>to seven point two milligams per rounce. So Pemberton's just

0:12:21.559 --> 0:12:24.560
<v Speaker 2>like he's clocking right those same types of numbers.

0:12:24.880 --> 0:12:26.320
<v Speaker 3>I'll see you and raise you to nine.

0:12:26.360 --> 0:12:28.240
<v Speaker 2>He's like, that's not enough. I need a little some

0:12:28.440 --> 0:12:30.520
<v Speaker 2>extra to give a little more kick, a little more

0:12:30.559 --> 0:12:33.280
<v Speaker 2>pep in your steps. So he drops in colon nuts.

0:12:33.320 --> 0:12:38.640
<v Speaker 2>That's his big secret, So heavy cocaine and caffeine and

0:12:38.720 --> 0:12:43.080
<v Speaker 2>it's just euphoria. So he's now got a supercharged cocaine wine,

0:12:43.760 --> 0:12:47.080
<v Speaker 2>extra caffeine. He calls Pemberton's French Wine instant hit. Now.

0:12:47.360 --> 0:12:50.400
<v Speaker 2>A year later, the Atlanta town fathers a passed legislation

0:12:50.520 --> 0:12:53.600
<v Speaker 2>to make Atlanta Fulton County go dry the whole areas.

0:12:53.600 --> 0:12:55.920
<v Speaker 2>No liquor is being sold. So it's one of the

0:12:55.920 --> 0:12:58.000
<v Speaker 2>first prohibition laws. The South was way ahead of the

0:12:58.080 --> 0:13:00.440
<v Speaker 2>nation on this. No old Pemberton he has to immediately

0:13:00.480 --> 0:13:02.800
<v Speaker 2>eighty six the wine from his new drink. So what

0:13:02.800 --> 0:13:04.959
<v Speaker 2>does he do? He does it. He just says, I

0:13:04.960 --> 0:13:07.040
<v Speaker 2>got to hit on my hands. I I gotta like,

0:13:07.240 --> 0:13:09.200
<v Speaker 2>what am I gonna do? What I'm gonna do? He goes, ah,

0:13:09.240 --> 0:13:12.240
<v Speaker 2>I got it. I'll make a carbonated tonic. So he

0:13:12.320 --> 0:13:14.880
<v Speaker 2>makes this carbonated version of his cocaine wine and he

0:13:14.960 --> 0:13:16.080
<v Speaker 2>calls it coca cola.

0:13:16.440 --> 0:13:16.720
<v Speaker 4>Wow.

0:13:17.200 --> 0:13:19.600
<v Speaker 2>So that's the coca for the cocaine and the cola

0:13:19.679 --> 0:13:23.800
<v Speaker 2>for the cocaine wine part was now gone, and so

0:13:24.360 --> 0:13:27.160
<v Speaker 2>next comes new legislation, federal laws. Nineteen oh six, the

0:13:27.240 --> 0:13:29.679
<v Speaker 2>US Congress passes the Pure Food and Drug Act. Right,

0:13:29.720 --> 0:13:31.520
<v Speaker 2>This was because of all the patent medicines. People were

0:13:31.600 --> 0:13:34.319
<v Speaker 2>dropping dead from going blind, the limbs were falling off.

0:13:34.320 --> 0:13:36.000
<v Speaker 2>They're like, we gotta come up with a loss. That

0:13:36.000 --> 0:13:39.120
<v Speaker 2>they come up with basically the USDA's initial There's also

0:13:39.200 --> 0:13:42.319
<v Speaker 2>other factors. We'll talk about this later. Anyway, this was

0:13:42.600 --> 0:13:46.360
<v Speaker 2>basically a response to primarily muckraking journalists of the day.

0:13:47.160 --> 0:13:50.480
<v Speaker 2>They did all his work to expose the unsanitary conditions

0:13:50.520 --> 0:13:53.720
<v Speaker 2>and like the factory meat production places like the Chicago

0:13:53.760 --> 0:13:57.360
<v Speaker 2>meat factories think Upton singing players the jungle. Yeah, okay,

0:13:57.440 --> 0:14:00.600
<v Speaker 2>So that book was published in nineteen oh six. This

0:14:00.640 --> 0:14:03.679
<v Speaker 2>becomes huge trouble for Coca Cola when they now passed

0:14:03.760 --> 0:14:05.880
<v Speaker 2>laws in nineteen oh six for this Pure Food and

0:14:05.960 --> 0:14:08.320
<v Speaker 2>Drug Act. Because people are so horrified by this book,

0:14:08.320 --> 0:14:10.680
<v Speaker 2>they're like, we need new laws. Coca Cola's like, damn it,

0:14:10.720 --> 0:14:13.840
<v Speaker 2>our cocaine. Right, So then an even worse blow comes

0:14:13.840 --> 0:14:16.920
<v Speaker 2>in nineteen fourteen, cocaine has made fully illegal in the US.

0:14:16.960 --> 0:14:18.439
<v Speaker 2>So they're like, what are we going to do now?

0:14:18.480 --> 0:14:20.600
<v Speaker 2>Our whole product line is based on this. You can't

0:14:20.640 --> 0:14:22.920
<v Speaker 2>buy it without a doctor's prescription. We can't get all

0:14:22.960 --> 0:14:25.600
<v Speaker 2>of our customers doctor's prescriptions. Yeah, what are we going

0:14:25.680 --> 0:14:28.280
<v Speaker 2>to do? So they're like, well, we'll have to get

0:14:28.280 --> 0:14:31.120
<v Speaker 2>a doctor's note for the company. So this point, Coca

0:14:31.160 --> 0:14:34.240
<v Speaker 2>Cola had been enduring a decades long fight to secure

0:14:34.280 --> 0:14:36.480
<v Speaker 2>its supply of coca leaves. It was ready to fight

0:14:36.480 --> 0:14:39.120
<v Speaker 2>for its coca leaves. So they've been primarily importing them

0:14:39.160 --> 0:14:42.040
<v Speaker 2>from Peru, but they had been also experiencing all sorts

0:14:42.080 --> 0:14:43.880
<v Speaker 2>of crazy ideas. At one point, they decided they would

0:14:43.880 --> 0:14:45.600
<v Speaker 2>try to grow their own coca. So they went and

0:14:45.600 --> 0:14:47.920
<v Speaker 2>they bought up this land and they created these secret

0:14:47.960 --> 0:14:49.200
<v Speaker 2>coca farms in Hawaii.

0:14:49.960 --> 0:14:50.880
<v Speaker 3>Oh really Yeah, But.

0:14:50.800 --> 0:14:52.760
<v Speaker 2>They found that they were much better being a drinkmaker

0:14:52.760 --> 0:14:55.040
<v Speaker 2>than a coca farmer. So they're like, mix that right.

0:14:55.520 --> 0:14:57.720
<v Speaker 2>So then the cocaine prohibition said, say, and I tell

0:14:57.720 --> 0:15:00.560
<v Speaker 2>you cocaine, where's Coca Cola gonna get their So they

0:15:00.600 --> 0:15:03.720
<v Speaker 2>sound a new way to secure their coca supplier. They

0:15:03.760 --> 0:15:07.560
<v Speaker 2>sought out a new business partner, the US government at

0:15:07.600 --> 0:15:09.760
<v Speaker 2>the time. The President of Coca Cola was a man

0:15:09.840 --> 0:15:13.120
<v Speaker 2>named Asa Candler. He's also the first to change coke

0:15:13.200 --> 0:15:16.240
<v Speaker 2>secret formula. He took out the cocaine. He's the guy, right,

0:15:16.280 --> 0:15:19.680
<v Speaker 2>So in his place, he came up with decoconized coca leaves.

0:15:20.280 --> 0:15:23.360
<v Speaker 2>So yeah, the active part of the cocaine was taken out,

0:15:23.440 --> 0:15:26.560
<v Speaker 2>leaving only the flavor of the coca leaf. So he

0:15:26.640 --> 0:15:29.080
<v Speaker 2>works with legislators in Washington and aisen Kandler. He made

0:15:29.120 --> 0:15:32.320
<v Speaker 2>sure Coca Cola was exempted from any current prohibitions, any

0:15:32.400 --> 0:15:35.880
<v Speaker 2>future prohibitions, and Coca Cola's lobbying efforts payoff. New laws

0:15:35.880 --> 0:15:38.720
<v Speaker 2>are drafted, Coca Cola is exempted. There's a provise on

0:15:38.760 --> 0:15:41.360
<v Speaker 2>the law that allows the drink maker to use quote

0:15:41.440 --> 0:15:45.120
<v Speaker 2>decoconized coca leaves or preparations made therefrom or to any

0:15:45.120 --> 0:15:48.720
<v Speaker 2>other preparations of coca leaves that do not contain cocaine. So,

0:15:48.840 --> 0:15:51.280
<v Speaker 2>to this day, Coca Cola has the same supplier of

0:15:51.320 --> 0:15:56.240
<v Speaker 2>its decoconized coca leaves, Maywood Chemical Works in Maywood, New Jersey,

0:15:56.320 --> 0:15:59.360
<v Speaker 2>one of two companies that was grandfathered in under this law.

0:15:59.480 --> 0:16:03.160
<v Speaker 2>Still the taste of the coca coca, but just no cocaine,

0:16:03.160 --> 0:16:04.600
<v Speaker 2>No active ingredient to get you hot.

0:16:04.640 --> 0:16:07.080
<v Speaker 3>And so that's part of that like secret recipe.

0:16:06.720 --> 0:16:07.560
<v Speaker 2>Part of the secret recipe.

0:16:07.640 --> 0:16:07.800
<v Speaker 3>Yeah.

0:16:07.840 --> 0:16:10.200
<v Speaker 2>So this chump from the company may Would Chemicals. This

0:16:10.240 --> 0:16:12.360
<v Speaker 2>is they're located like ten miles from Manhattan. They're not

0:16:12.400 --> 0:16:13.840
<v Speaker 2>like I mean, they're in New Jersey. It's part of

0:16:13.840 --> 0:16:16.040
<v Speaker 2>like that New Jersey chemicy the corridor that I always

0:16:16.080 --> 0:16:18.720
<v Speaker 2>make fun of. But anyway, the company, it continues to

0:16:18.800 --> 0:16:22.240
<v Speaker 2>stay to legally import and process copious amounts of cocaine

0:16:22.240 --> 0:16:25.480
<v Speaker 2>and it's all sitting there in New Jersey in the Atlantic.

0:16:25.480 --> 0:16:27.640
<v Speaker 2>In two thousand and three, they reported on this Maywood

0:16:27.720 --> 0:16:30.000
<v Speaker 2>Chemical works. Uh huh at the time in two thousand

0:16:30.000 --> 0:16:32.640
<v Speaker 2>and three, they imported three hundred and eighty five thousand

0:16:32.760 --> 0:16:35.040
<v Speaker 2>pounds of coca leaf and.

0:16:35.000 --> 0:16:36.880
<v Speaker 3>The cocaine they take out. What do they do with that?

0:16:37.400 --> 0:16:39.400
<v Speaker 2>That would have been if they would have turned into cocaine,

0:16:39.440 --> 0:16:41.760
<v Speaker 2>that was about two hundred million dollars worth of cocaine.

0:16:41.400 --> 0:16:43.240
<v Speaker 3>That's what. So what do they do? Just flush it

0:16:43.240 --> 0:16:43.720
<v Speaker 3>down the twill?

0:16:43.800 --> 0:16:47.000
<v Speaker 2>They incinerate it. Apparently, that's that's the story.

0:16:47.200 --> 0:16:50.240
<v Speaker 3>So like the local Nerdwelt climbs.

0:16:51.200 --> 0:16:53.440
<v Speaker 2>I think they do it and like pressurize anyway. I

0:16:53.640 --> 0:16:55.240
<v Speaker 2>do not have an answer for how they get rid

0:16:55.280 --> 0:16:57.160
<v Speaker 2>of the cocaine that they isolate.

0:16:57.400 --> 0:16:58.000
<v Speaker 3>That's yeah.

0:16:58.040 --> 0:16:59.920
<v Speaker 2>But answer to your question of can you even taste

0:17:00.120 --> 0:17:03.760
<v Speaker 2>the cocaine Coca Cola, they say it's perceptible. They say

0:17:03.800 --> 0:17:06.240
<v Speaker 2>that it's very actually important flavor. And then when you

0:17:06.280 --> 0:17:07.960
<v Speaker 2>take it out, people are like this.

0:17:07.800 --> 0:17:10.240
<v Speaker 3>This is what is it tastes like? Isolated?

0:17:10.480 --> 0:17:13.600
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, I'm curious what wine cocaine tastes likes. That's your

0:17:13.680 --> 0:17:17.560
<v Speaker 2>cocaine wine. That's personally Yeah, that was the first cocaine crase.

0:17:17.640 --> 0:17:21.760
<v Speaker 2>Coca Cola popularized it, and so did Von Marianni. Now

0:17:22.160 --> 0:17:24.200
<v Speaker 2>let's peel back the curtain for the next big name

0:17:24.240 --> 0:17:27.720
<v Speaker 2>in cocaine segment, Freud. But first, well they can break Elizabeth.

0:17:27.760 --> 0:17:29.480
<v Speaker 2>I know you need to cool down and we'll be back.

0:17:29.359 --> 0:17:46.879
<v Speaker 3>Into class cocaine wine.

0:17:51.480 --> 0:17:53.760
<v Speaker 2>All right, Elizabeth, Saron, we're back.

0:17:54.040 --> 0:17:54.560
<v Speaker 3>We're back.

0:17:54.680 --> 0:17:56.600
<v Speaker 2>Now. You may be wondering, Saron, we're talking.

0:17:56.320 --> 0:17:58.000
<v Speaker 3>Cocaine, Saron, we're talking cocaine.

0:17:58.080 --> 0:18:00.920
<v Speaker 2>Where is the crime? Yeah, where's you somehow have cocaine

0:18:00.920 --> 0:18:01.600
<v Speaker 2>but no crime?

0:18:01.960 --> 0:18:02.920
<v Speaker 3>How is that possible?

0:18:03.080 --> 0:18:05.399
<v Speaker 2>I'm like, fair enough, Elizabeth, that is a fair point.

0:18:06.080 --> 0:18:08.520
<v Speaker 2>The Coca Cola was able to change the laws, so

0:18:08.560 --> 0:18:11.880
<v Speaker 2>what they did was not illegal. So we've just barely missed. Yeah,

0:18:12.240 --> 0:18:14.600
<v Speaker 2>just throw it around it right. Well, so far there,

0:18:14.600 --> 0:18:17.560
<v Speaker 2>we've only been kind of ridiculous. For more ridiculousness, let's

0:18:17.560 --> 0:18:21.760
<v Speaker 2>talk Siggy Freud, father of the the ego, the super egos,

0:18:21.800 --> 0:18:25.479
<v Speaker 2>talk therapy, dream therapy aka Freudian analysis, the whole bit.

0:18:25.600 --> 0:18:25.800
<v Speaker 5>Right.

0:18:25.880 --> 0:18:27.480
<v Speaker 2>Freud, as it turns out, was a big time and

0:18:27.520 --> 0:18:28.800
<v Speaker 2>I mean huge cocaine.

0:18:28.880 --> 0:18:31.199
<v Speaker 3>Really, yes, I feel like I kind of knew that

0:18:31.480 --> 0:18:32.280
<v Speaker 3>you might have heard about.

0:18:32.280 --> 0:18:34.120
<v Speaker 2>It's like something you hear in the college dorm room,

0:18:34.119 --> 0:18:35.919
<v Speaker 2>Like you know sigmand Freud, you like cocaine, You know

0:18:36.200 --> 0:18:38.080
<v Speaker 2>the professor mentioned in class and they tell you have

0:18:38.200 --> 0:18:38.600
<v Speaker 2>the story.

0:18:38.680 --> 0:18:41.480
<v Speaker 3>Oh my god. It's like when someone takes a philosophy

0:18:41.520 --> 0:18:43.920
<v Speaker 3>class then you have to hear about maybe we're brain

0:18:44.040 --> 0:18:47.040
<v Speaker 3>in a jar. Get over it, dude, anyway, go ahead.

0:18:47.359 --> 0:18:51.399
<v Speaker 2>So Freud to frame it in modern terms, Freud was

0:18:51.400 --> 0:18:53.320
<v Speaker 2>the kind of cocide whould make Stevie Nick say.

0:18:53.240 --> 0:18:54.560
<v Speaker 3>Damn son, oh really?

0:18:54.600 --> 0:18:54.760
<v Speaker 4>Oh?

0:18:54.800 --> 0:18:57.440
<v Speaker 2>Froyd was the kind of coked whould make John Belushi nervous?

0:18:57.960 --> 0:19:00.920
<v Speaker 3>Did he have someone blow it up? As dude.

0:19:01.080 --> 0:19:03.200
<v Speaker 2>Well, not quite. He didn't get to there, but it

0:19:03.680 --> 0:19:06.840
<v Speaker 2>gets pretty the white witch, yo, Yeah, that's how she

0:19:06.960 --> 0:19:08.880
<v Speaker 2>got it. When she blew out her nose. He blew

0:19:08.960 --> 0:19:10.679
<v Speaker 2>out his nose too, we did. That's how much he

0:19:10.680 --> 0:19:14.359
<v Speaker 2>loved cocaine, just like Stevie Nicks. To see Sigmund Freud,

0:19:14.359 --> 0:19:17.840
<v Speaker 2>He's essentially why we have recreational cocaine. Really one man,

0:19:18.240 --> 0:19:20.960
<v Speaker 2>almost single handedly, Freud made cocaine a thing. He's like,

0:19:21.000 --> 0:19:25.120
<v Speaker 2>cocaine's a thing now thanks to Freud. But how how

0:19:25.160 --> 0:19:27.159
<v Speaker 2>did Freud do it? Elizabeth? Great question?

0:19:27.440 --> 0:19:27.920
<v Speaker 3>Thank you.

0:19:27.960 --> 0:19:30.119
<v Speaker 2>Now remember how I told you about that academic paper

0:19:30.160 --> 0:19:33.399
<v Speaker 2>about cocaine, the French chemist Angelo Marianni. He reads it

0:19:33.440 --> 0:19:34.720
<v Speaker 2>and he's like, well, he wasn't the only one to

0:19:34.760 --> 0:19:37.800
<v Speaker 2>read it. Not just cocaine wine spurned from that. Freud

0:19:37.800 --> 0:19:40.080
<v Speaker 2>also he peeped academic papers. He read that. When he

0:19:40.119 --> 0:19:42.359
<v Speaker 2>read others and a bunch of the medical minds, they

0:19:42.400 --> 0:19:44.320
<v Speaker 2>all were coming to cocaine and seeing potential.

0:19:44.320 --> 0:19:44.480
<v Speaker 7>Is it?

0:19:44.560 --> 0:19:46.960
<v Speaker 2>He was part of this early wave of adopters. So

0:19:47.400 --> 0:19:51.000
<v Speaker 2>who were these early coke lovers of academia? Elizabeth desperate,

0:19:51.440 --> 0:19:54.479
<v Speaker 2>You're just hot with the questions. I am I'm just loving. Well,

0:19:54.520 --> 0:19:56.879
<v Speaker 2>let's start with my man, Carl Caller. That's with a

0:19:56.960 --> 0:20:00.280
<v Speaker 2>K and see Carl K. Caller, right, he was a

0:20:00.320 --> 0:20:00.920
<v Speaker 2>twenty seven.

0:20:00.760 --> 0:20:04.160
<v Speaker 3>Year old with a K collar with a K. Please

0:20:04.160 --> 0:20:05.520
<v Speaker 3>don't let his middle name be Kevin.

0:20:06.240 --> 0:20:09.159
<v Speaker 2>No, no, he's a German. So when he decided to

0:20:09.160 --> 0:20:12.679
<v Speaker 2>experiment with cocaine compounds, who did he decide to experiment on, Elizabeth?

0:20:12.880 --> 0:20:13.960
<v Speaker 3>Monkeys himself.

0:20:15.320 --> 0:20:17.480
<v Speaker 2>He's like, I don't have money for monkeys. I got

0:20:17.600 --> 0:20:21.840
<v Speaker 2>money for Carl and some cocaine. He wanted to see

0:20:21.840 --> 0:20:24.240
<v Speaker 2>how cocaine worked as an anesthetic. That was the big

0:20:24.280 --> 0:20:26.880
<v Speaker 2>deal originally, right, So you know what that's used for now?

0:20:27.119 --> 0:20:30.199
<v Speaker 2>That was its original purpose. Yes, it remains so. And

0:20:30.280 --> 0:20:32.639
<v Speaker 2>so it's he and a colleague. They made up a

0:20:32.680 --> 0:20:35.320
<v Speaker 2>cocaine solution and then Coler loaded up his eyeballs with

0:20:35.359 --> 0:20:37.480
<v Speaker 2>the solution like eye dropper. He did like an eye

0:20:37.520 --> 0:20:40.480
<v Speaker 2>dropper thing there. So he found that it numbed his eyeballs,

0:20:40.600 --> 0:20:42.679
<v Speaker 2>like he totally worked as an anesthetic, right, and so

0:20:42.720 --> 0:20:45.240
<v Speaker 2>the tested he had his colleagues shoved pins into his eyeballs.

0:20:47.200 --> 0:20:49.560
<v Speaker 2>But Elizabeth, good news is he couldn't feel the pins

0:20:49.560 --> 0:20:53.359
<v Speaker 2>shoved into his eye when I'm imagining cocaine work.

0:20:53.560 --> 0:20:56.320
<v Speaker 3>I have this problem that when I see like footage

0:20:56.320 --> 0:21:00.680
<v Speaker 3>of someone getting hurt, or like someone describes something some

0:21:00.720 --> 0:21:04.960
<v Speaker 3>sort of injury toil, I imagine it like I get

0:21:05.000 --> 0:21:06.320
<v Speaker 3>like sharp pains in my legs.

0:21:06.359 --> 0:21:08.679
<v Speaker 2>I'm sorry, you're such an EmPATH. I know I'm afraid

0:21:08.720 --> 0:21:09.080
<v Speaker 2>to get that.

0:21:09.880 --> 0:21:11.560
<v Speaker 3>So like when you talk about that, I'm trying not

0:21:11.640 --> 0:21:14.040
<v Speaker 3>to imagine it, and I say all sorts of horrific

0:21:14.040 --> 0:21:17.960
<v Speaker 3>things because I had when I describe violent things, it's

0:21:18.000 --> 0:21:18.960
<v Speaker 3>a cartoon.

0:21:18.720 --> 0:21:20.760
<v Speaker 2>Yes, I've noticed that about you. Cartoonized.

0:21:20.800 --> 0:21:22.560
<v Speaker 3>But like, especially like if I see one of those

0:21:22.640 --> 0:21:24.679
<v Speaker 3>videos where like someone jumps a bike off something and

0:21:24.680 --> 0:21:27.919
<v Speaker 3>then slams into a wall, I get like sharp pains

0:21:27.920 --> 0:21:28.480
<v Speaker 3>in my legs.

0:21:28.880 --> 0:21:33.240
<v Speaker 2>Is that I think you're very empathetic. You're basically feel

0:21:33.280 --> 0:21:35.560
<v Speaker 2>their pain in a sense, or at least your mirror

0:21:35.600 --> 0:21:38.600
<v Speaker 2>neurons imagine your mirror motor neurons go, oh, this is

0:21:38.640 --> 0:21:40.119
<v Speaker 2>what it would feel like, and then you experience.

0:21:40.160 --> 0:21:40.879
<v Speaker 3>I think I haven't so.

0:21:41.040 --> 0:21:43.280
<v Speaker 2>Kelly Slater learned to surf a bunch really well in

0:21:43.280 --> 0:21:45.520
<v Speaker 2>Florida's He watched all these videos and just thought about

0:21:45.520 --> 0:21:47.520
<v Speaker 2>what they would do. And just wastely worked his muscles

0:21:47.560 --> 0:21:48.480
<v Speaker 2>on other people's waves.

0:21:48.560 --> 0:21:50.760
<v Speaker 3>Huh, well, I just think I have like an excess

0:21:51.160 --> 0:21:53.520
<v Speaker 3>quantity of woosy in my body.

0:21:53.680 --> 0:21:54.880
<v Speaker 2>I don't want to teach you about it.

0:21:54.840 --> 0:21:56.639
<v Speaker 3>But you know, I'm embarrassed by No, you.

0:21:56.600 --> 0:21:58.719
<v Speaker 2>Shouldn't be embarrassed. It's a good quality. And that is, honestly,

0:21:58.760 --> 0:22:00.800
<v Speaker 2>how we became such a great spece is our ability

0:22:00.840 --> 0:22:02.040
<v Speaker 2>to feel and to learn from.

0:22:01.960 --> 0:22:03.800
<v Speaker 3>Other except for if you have cocaine in your eyes

0:22:03.840 --> 0:22:05.520
<v Speaker 3>and you can't feel exactly.

0:22:06.080 --> 0:22:09.359
<v Speaker 2>This was as a good transition to Elizabeth. Huge news

0:22:09.359 --> 0:22:12.720
<v Speaker 2>for surgeons. We can now knock out. This is basically

0:22:12.800 --> 0:22:14.240
<v Speaker 2>the first use of local antisset.

0:22:14.400 --> 0:22:17.040
<v Speaker 3>I've had eye surgery. By the way, I wish they

0:22:17.080 --> 0:22:21.040
<v Speaker 3>would have done this. I've don't want to It would

0:22:21.080 --> 0:22:22.879
<v Speaker 3>have been better than what I had going on.

0:22:23.040 --> 0:22:26.879
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, well, this is how an alley with a brick

0:22:27.760 --> 0:22:31.920
<v Speaker 2>anesthetic was a brick anyway, you can numb an area

0:22:31.920 --> 0:22:33.560
<v Speaker 2>of the body without putting a person all the way under.

0:22:33.600 --> 0:22:36.080
<v Speaker 2>That's the genius of local anesthetic because people still die

0:22:36.160 --> 0:22:38.439
<v Speaker 2>from going under, so there's a dangerous So if you

0:22:38.440 --> 0:22:40.680
<v Speaker 2>have cocaine, you're like, oh, this helps us. This is great. Right,

0:22:40.760 --> 0:22:44.280
<v Speaker 2>So before Coke met Kohler's eyeballs, doctors had to rely

0:22:44.359 --> 0:22:48.719
<v Speaker 2>on chloroform. Ether it's kind of like clumsier versions. So

0:22:48.720 --> 0:22:51.160
<v Speaker 2>soon enough medical profession they love it. They start saying

0:22:51.160 --> 0:22:53.680
<v Speaker 2>in the praises of cocaine, it's all over academia. But

0:22:53.840 --> 0:22:56.000
<v Speaker 2>the public doesn't know about this. They're not up on

0:22:56.040 --> 0:23:01.000
<v Speaker 2>the latest anesthetics. So Robert Bartholow you wrote in eighteen

0:23:01.080 --> 0:23:03.960
<v Speaker 2>ninety one about how it spread through medicine. Quote, no

0:23:04.000 --> 0:23:06.280
<v Speaker 2>remedy in modern times, probably in any age of the world,

0:23:06.280 --> 0:23:08.920
<v Speaker 2>has become so famous since so short a time as cocaine,

0:23:09.040 --> 0:23:11.199
<v Speaker 2>and no remedy has so soon been subjected to the

0:23:11.240 --> 0:23:16.600
<v Speaker 2>test of physiological experiment and clinical observation. Right, cocine is

0:23:16.680 --> 0:23:18.960
<v Speaker 2>it now? Let's not get it twisted though, right as

0:23:19.080 --> 0:23:22.840
<v Speaker 2>Europeans didn't discover cocaine, not anymore than they discovered the Americas.

0:23:23.080 --> 0:23:25.879
<v Speaker 2>Because in South American societies and cultures, cocaine was a

0:23:25.920 --> 0:23:28.400
<v Speaker 2>staple crop. It was revered as a gift from the gods.

0:23:28.720 --> 0:23:31.160
<v Speaker 2>It was praised for its medicinal properties. It was very

0:23:31.160 --> 0:23:33.520
<v Speaker 2>well known, but it was not used recreationally.

0:23:33.640 --> 0:23:34.800
<v Speaker 3>No, didn't they chew on it?

0:23:34.800 --> 0:23:37.480
<v Speaker 2>From on the lea. Yeah, when they wanted to stamina energy,

0:23:37.560 --> 0:23:40.200
<v Speaker 2>long hikes on hunts. You know, it was used as

0:23:40.240 --> 0:23:42.240
<v Speaker 2>a performance enhancing drug essentially.

0:23:42.320 --> 0:23:42.639
<v Speaker 3>Yeah.

0:23:42.760 --> 0:23:44.879
<v Speaker 2>No, it was the Europeans who turned cocin into a

0:23:44.960 --> 0:23:47.960
<v Speaker 2>recreational drug, just sitting around getting high on a couch. Right.

0:23:48.359 --> 0:23:50.880
<v Speaker 2>So in the nineteenth century European scientists they got really

0:23:50.880 --> 0:23:53.520
<v Speaker 2>good at isolating the active ingredients of plants. So in

0:23:53.560 --> 0:23:55.960
<v Speaker 2>eighteen oh three it started with morphine. They had isolated

0:23:55.960 --> 0:23:58.119
<v Speaker 2>it from opium or so from the poppy plant. And

0:23:58.119 --> 0:24:01.760
<v Speaker 2>then eighteen twenty along comes caffeine. In quinine, they're isolated,

0:24:01.880 --> 0:24:05.520
<v Speaker 2>very important, especially quinine from malaria. In eighteen twenty eight

0:24:07.960 --> 0:24:11.840
<v Speaker 2>virgina tonics. Eighteen twenty eight, nicotine is isolated. And so

0:24:11.880 --> 0:24:13.879
<v Speaker 2>then when you start making a lot of pesticides out

0:24:13.880 --> 0:24:16.480
<v Speaker 2>in nicotine, oh yeah, that's in eighteen fifty nine science

0:24:16.520 --> 0:24:19.400
<v Speaker 2>isolates the active ingredient from coca leaves. And so then

0:24:19.400 --> 0:24:21.879
<v Speaker 2>I told you that same year Paulo Manka is that

0:24:21.880 --> 0:24:24.960
<v Speaker 2>he writes his paper examining the properties of cocaine, launching

0:24:25.000 --> 0:24:28.560
<v Speaker 2>off all the cocaine wine. But he also, as I said,

0:24:28.600 --> 0:24:32.560
<v Speaker 2>inspired all these medical people. Right, So in his experiments.

0:24:32.600 --> 0:24:35.080
<v Speaker 2>He documented the experiments, and he wrote in his documentary

0:24:35.160 --> 0:24:37.879
<v Speaker 2>quote God is unjust because he made man incapable of

0:24:37.920 --> 0:24:41.080
<v Speaker 2>sustaining the effects of coca all life long. I would

0:24:41.200 --> 0:24:44.200
<v Speaker 2>rather live a life of ten with coca than one

0:24:44.200 --> 0:24:46.520
<v Speaker 2>of one hundred one thousand without it.

0:24:46.800 --> 0:24:47.280
<v Speaker 3>Wow.

0:24:47.320 --> 0:24:50.440
<v Speaker 2>These people are like they are looked, yes, exactly now,

0:24:51.560 --> 0:24:54.200
<v Speaker 2>like they're just about it right, Like Mary and Barry

0:24:54.200 --> 0:24:56.240
<v Speaker 2>would be like, man, you need to calm down, like

0:24:56.359 --> 0:24:58.480
<v Speaker 2>real though, So that first paper would not only spy,

0:24:58.480 --> 0:25:00.080
<v Speaker 2>as I said, the French chemist to make cocoine, but

0:25:00.119 --> 0:25:03.000
<v Speaker 2>also inspired the Viennes medical student looking for a path

0:25:03.040 --> 0:25:07.280
<v Speaker 2>to wealth and fame akas Ziggy Freud. Now, but at first, Elizabeth,

0:25:07.400 --> 0:25:10.240
<v Speaker 2>I one more doc for you. Enter William Halstead. You

0:25:10.280 --> 0:25:14.680
<v Speaker 2>know who William Halstead is. He's the fatherner of modern surgery. Okay, right,

0:25:14.720 --> 0:25:16.520
<v Speaker 2>so he's like it all basically traces back to him

0:25:16.520 --> 0:25:18.680
<v Speaker 2>and his like ideas about like what if we put

0:25:18.760 --> 0:25:20.440
<v Speaker 2>him under what if we like wash your hand?

0:25:20.480 --> 0:25:24.280
<v Speaker 3>And I'm sure you love him because you love surgery websites.

0:25:24.320 --> 0:25:24.560
<v Speaker 2>I do.

0:25:24.760 --> 0:25:26.280
<v Speaker 3>This is a lot of times when you come in

0:25:26.320 --> 0:25:29.840
<v Speaker 3>here to headquarters and you'll be giggling and you'll say

0:25:29.840 --> 0:25:31.479
<v Speaker 3>look at this, and you'll show me something, and then

0:25:31.520 --> 0:25:34.520
<v Speaker 3>my legs.

0:25:35.160 --> 0:25:39.240
<v Speaker 2>It goes back in the body of like he's been degloved.

0:25:39.240 --> 0:25:43.639
<v Speaker 2>But they get it all back on anyway, my man,

0:25:44.160 --> 0:25:47.240
<v Speaker 2>he was, as he said, father modern surgery. He also

0:25:47.320 --> 0:25:49.800
<v Speaker 2>goes all in on cocaine and the anesthetic properties of

0:25:49.800 --> 0:25:51.920
<v Speaker 2>cocaine because as a surgeon, this is huge for him, right.

0:25:52.000 --> 0:25:54.479
<v Speaker 2>So the problem though for him was cocaine messed him

0:25:54.520 --> 0:25:57.159
<v Speaker 2>up like he was an eighties pop star. Halstead he's

0:25:57.160 --> 0:25:58.679
<v Speaker 2>working in New York at the time as a surgeon.

0:25:58.720 --> 0:26:00.960
<v Speaker 2>But then he starts doing too much stuff experimentation like

0:26:01.000 --> 0:26:03.159
<v Speaker 2>all the others, and he starts not showing up at

0:26:03.200 --> 0:26:05.680
<v Speaker 2>work at the hospital. He starts to fail to show

0:26:05.720 --> 0:26:09.240
<v Speaker 2>up for teen exactly. He gets so bad that one

0:26:09.320 --> 0:26:11.159
<v Speaker 2>day he shows up for work as a surgeon in

0:26:11.200 --> 0:26:13.560
<v Speaker 2>a busy New York hospital, lots of people. Everyone's like,

0:26:13.600 --> 0:26:15.879
<v Speaker 2>oh frantic, there's blood on the floor. He's coked up

0:26:15.920 --> 0:26:18.200
<v Speaker 2>to the gills. He tries to operate, he can't trust

0:26:18.200 --> 0:26:21.119
<v Speaker 2>his surgeon's hands. He backs away from the patient right

0:26:21.200 --> 0:26:24.960
<v Speaker 2>and he says, I can't operate. He then son he

0:26:27.160 --> 0:26:29.440
<v Speaker 2>walks out of the operation theater. He goes home and

0:26:29.480 --> 0:26:30.960
<v Speaker 2>he's like, I need to do more cocaine about it.

0:26:31.000 --> 0:26:31.639
<v Speaker 2>This is terrible.

0:26:32.320 --> 0:26:33.199
<v Speaker 3>Get that'll fix it.

0:26:33.280 --> 0:26:35.800
<v Speaker 2>He then spends the next seven months in alone in

0:26:35.840 --> 0:26:38.520
<v Speaker 2>his apartment getting high on his miracle drug.

0:26:38.800 --> 0:26:39.280
<v Speaker 3>Oh my god.

0:26:39.359 --> 0:26:41.080
<v Speaker 2>Yeah. Finally, in eighteen eighty six, Ill said's like, I

0:26:41.119 --> 0:26:44.040
<v Speaker 2>think I have a problem. He checks into Butler Hospital.

0:26:44.080 --> 0:26:47.560
<v Speaker 2>It's good for him, producer Dave's hometown of Providence, Rhode Island.

0:26:48.359 --> 0:26:50.840
<v Speaker 2>So he got treated for cocaine addiction, you know, and

0:26:50.880 --> 0:26:53.840
<v Speaker 2>so he gets released. But unfortunately he was not able

0:26:53.880 --> 0:26:55.760
<v Speaker 2>to get that monkey off his back. He went on

0:26:55.840 --> 0:26:59.080
<v Speaker 2>to become a professor at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,

0:26:59.119 --> 0:27:02.040
<v Speaker 2>teaching all these new doctors what he's created, these new

0:27:02.119 --> 0:27:04.480
<v Speaker 2>ways of surgery. And while he's doing this, he's also

0:27:04.520 --> 0:27:05.240
<v Speaker 2>blowing rails of.

0:27:05.240 --> 0:27:09.280
<v Speaker 3>Coke, Like while he's teaching class. I like to imagine that.

0:27:09.280 --> 0:27:12.400
<v Speaker 2>This is Chuck. Don't worry about it, Chuck so Halsted.

0:27:12.440 --> 0:27:14.160
<v Speaker 2>He's never able to get free of the cocaine monkey

0:27:14.160 --> 0:27:16.119
<v Speaker 2>on his back. He was just one of the early

0:27:16.359 --> 0:27:19.320
<v Speaker 2>cautionary tales now of the hour.

0:27:19.520 --> 0:27:21.960
<v Speaker 3>He I mean, he got his life back together though.

0:27:22.359 --> 0:27:24.320
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, he was able to get his career back together.

0:27:24.640 --> 0:27:26.480
<v Speaker 2>That was about it. Everything else kind of Feld to this.

0:27:26.880 --> 0:27:28.879
<v Speaker 2>It was a rough one for old Uh yeah, Halsted,

0:27:29.320 --> 0:27:31.760
<v Speaker 2>Now are man of the hour. Zicky Freud the godfather

0:27:31.840 --> 0:27:34.639
<v Speaker 2>of recreational cocaine. Now I'm not being facetious when I

0:27:34.640 --> 0:27:37.639
<v Speaker 2>say this, Elizabeth, Yes, sorry to god. Dominick straight failed

0:27:37.880 --> 0:27:41.760
<v Speaker 2>the author of Cocaine, an unauthorized biography. He's the guy

0:27:41.800 --> 0:27:44.840
<v Speaker 2>who literally wrote the book on cocaine. Literally, so anyway,

0:27:44.880 --> 0:27:46.719
<v Speaker 2>he wrote this his book Cocaine quote that if there

0:27:46.760 --> 0:27:48.639
<v Speaker 2>is one person who could be held responsible for the

0:27:48.680 --> 0:27:51.879
<v Speaker 2>emergence of cocaine as a recreational pharmaceutical, it was Freud.

0:27:52.440 --> 0:27:55.080
<v Speaker 2>It's not just me. It's also straight film anyway. As

0:27:55.080 --> 0:27:57.800
<v Speaker 2>I know, earlier, all the time cocaine was still legal.

0:27:57.880 --> 0:27:59.719
<v Speaker 2>So this is we're in a legal phase right at

0:27:59.720 --> 0:28:01.800
<v Speaker 2>the time. I'm Freud and his coke had medical buddies.

0:28:01.880 --> 0:28:05.920
<v Speaker 2>They're doing legal, pharmaceutical grade cocaine, not street cut stuff.

0:28:05.960 --> 0:28:09.240
<v Speaker 2>They're just doing like straight from like the pharmacists right now,

0:28:09.280 --> 0:28:10.960
<v Speaker 2>if you can believe it, Freud first started doing coke

0:28:11.040 --> 0:28:14.320
<v Speaker 2>to treat nasal lesions. He had these sores in his

0:28:14.400 --> 0:28:16.280
<v Speaker 2>nose and he found the cocaine numb the pain.

0:28:16.400 --> 0:28:18.320
<v Speaker 3>Why did he have so he.

0:28:18.320 --> 0:28:20.320
<v Speaker 2>Didn't tell me, and then he noticed it. It made

0:28:20.400 --> 0:28:22.320
<v Speaker 2>him feel really good, like really good.

0:28:23.080 --> 0:28:24.680
<v Speaker 3>He's like, all these ideas.

0:28:26.119 --> 0:28:27.840
<v Speaker 2>To keep doing that, right, So I think Freud would

0:28:27.840 --> 0:28:30.800
<v Speaker 2>agree that cocaine is likely the favorite drug of the ego. Yeah,

0:28:30.880 --> 0:28:32.880
<v Speaker 2>So anyway, he orders up some of the more cocaine.

0:28:32.880 --> 0:28:35.239
<v Speaker 2>He starts to experiment on himself, because that's just what

0:28:35.280 --> 0:28:38.800
<v Speaker 2>you do. He receives his first delivery from quote Angels Pharmacy.

0:28:38.920 --> 0:28:41.080
<v Speaker 2>That's what's the spot. The year is eighteen eighty four,

0:28:41.160 --> 0:28:43.680
<v Speaker 2>one year of cocaine. Later, in eighteen eighty five, Freud

0:28:43.840 --> 0:28:45.920
<v Speaker 2>ready to go public with his new love. He's like,

0:28:45.960 --> 0:28:48.640
<v Speaker 2>let's make this Facebook official. So he wrote a medical

0:28:48.680 --> 0:28:52.120
<v Speaker 2>treatise called uber Coca. All right, just right to the

0:28:52.160 --> 0:28:57.240
<v Speaker 2>point you described everything quote was the most gorgeous excitement.

0:28:57.640 --> 0:29:00.440
<v Speaker 2>He also wrote the quote if fun works intensive while

0:29:00.520 --> 0:29:02.760
<v Speaker 2>under the influence of coca, after three to five hours,

0:29:02.760 --> 0:29:04.720
<v Speaker 2>there is a decline in the feeling of well being,

0:29:04.720 --> 0:29:06.920
<v Speaker 2>and the further dose of coca is necessary in order

0:29:06.960 --> 0:29:10.480
<v Speaker 2>to ward off fatigue. Okay, so right, so Fredi discovered

0:29:10.520 --> 0:29:13.640
<v Speaker 2>what the users called the moors, right which is basically, oh,

0:29:13.640 --> 0:29:15.720
<v Speaker 2>I just want more code, right, But he argues that

0:29:15.760 --> 0:29:17.800
<v Speaker 2>this is not the case. He writes, quote, it seems

0:29:17.800 --> 0:29:19.800
<v Speaker 2>to me notimory that I discovered this in myself and

0:29:19.800 --> 0:29:22.320
<v Speaker 2>and other observers who are capable of judging such things.

0:29:22.360 --> 0:29:25.000
<v Speaker 2>At the first dose or even repeated doses of coca

0:29:25.040 --> 0:29:28.560
<v Speaker 2>produced no compulsive desire to use the stimulants. Further, on

0:29:28.640 --> 0:29:31.440
<v Speaker 2>the contrary, once he was a certain unmotivated aversion to

0:29:31.520 --> 0:29:34.400
<v Speaker 2>the substance, which is a total lie. I might keep

0:29:34.400 --> 0:29:36.400
<v Speaker 2>telling yourself that, Elizab, but you have to keep in

0:29:36.400 --> 0:29:38.480
<v Speaker 2>mind the time Freud was a young man. He was

0:29:38.520 --> 0:29:41.120
<v Speaker 2>one with a medical degree, but also he was importantly

0:29:41.160 --> 0:29:44.720
<v Speaker 2>Freud had a politically radical father. He had a big

0:29:44.760 --> 0:29:47.560
<v Speaker 2>shadow cast over him, and his father was ruining his

0:29:47.720 --> 0:29:51.680
<v Speaker 2>potential in a very conservative Vienna. Oh yeah, his professional

0:29:51.680 --> 0:29:53.160
<v Speaker 2>life was a nightmare thanks to Pops.

0:29:53.240 --> 0:29:53.440
<v Speaker 5>Right.

0:29:53.520 --> 0:29:56.000
<v Speaker 2>So Freud, he found the cocaine made all his worries

0:29:56.000 --> 0:29:59.000
<v Speaker 2>and anxieties go away, and thus he concluded the cocaine

0:29:59.000 --> 0:30:01.560
<v Speaker 2>would also be a perfect to give to morphine addicts.

0:30:02.000 --> 0:30:04.640
<v Speaker 2>So Freud first had learned about cocaine from a medical

0:30:04.720 --> 0:30:07.320
<v Speaker 2>journal called Therapeutic Gazette, so that's what kind of framed

0:30:07.360 --> 0:30:10.560
<v Speaker 2>his thinking. But the journal wasn't unbased science. This was

0:30:10.600 --> 0:30:13.360
<v Speaker 2>owned by a pharmaceutical company, Park Davis, which is now

0:30:13.400 --> 0:30:15.880
<v Speaker 2>a subsidiary offizer. Yeah, and anyway, as he started to

0:30:15.880 --> 0:30:18.320
<v Speaker 2>write about the joys of cocaine, the pharma company paid

0:30:18.320 --> 0:30:21.000
<v Speaker 2>Freud twenty four dollars to spread the good word of cocaine.

0:30:21.080 --> 0:30:24.600
<v Speaker 2>So now he's cocaine's poster boy, and it's pitch man. Anyway,

0:30:24.640 --> 0:30:26.920
<v Speaker 2>he goes on. Meanwhile, Fred, he starts to recommend it

0:30:26.960 --> 0:30:29.360
<v Speaker 2>to his colleagues at the university. He's recommending coke to

0:30:29.400 --> 0:30:31.840
<v Speaker 2>his friends, his family, people on the street. He even

0:30:31.840 --> 0:30:34.680
<v Speaker 2>told his fiance people, Yeah, you gotta try this cocaine.

0:30:34.680 --> 0:30:36.840
<v Speaker 2>Now I got some right here. Toll takes this. It say,

0:30:36.840 --> 0:30:39.040
<v Speaker 2>a good hand in my pocket. So Marta Burnet is

0:30:39.040 --> 0:30:41.120
<v Speaker 2>that's his fiance. He's writing to her these all these

0:30:41.200 --> 0:30:42.960
<v Speaker 2>letters because you know the time, you gotta write letters.

0:30:42.960 --> 0:30:46.640
<v Speaker 2>And in his letters just always cocaxed thish oh Man.

0:30:46.960 --> 0:30:49.680
<v Speaker 2>He's telling her like Freud relied on basically cocaine for

0:30:49.760 --> 0:30:53.320
<v Speaker 2>confidence and crucial moments, and he'd meet people he admired,

0:30:53.360 --> 0:30:55.800
<v Speaker 2>he'd want to impress him and well, Elizabeth, right than

0:30:55.800 --> 0:30:57.040
<v Speaker 2>me tell you about this. I'd like you to close

0:30:57.080 --> 0:31:00.320
<v Speaker 2>your eyes and to picture it as a close eighteen

0:31:00.360 --> 0:31:02.840
<v Speaker 2>eighty six on the continent Europe, to be exact. And

0:31:02.880 --> 0:31:04.640
<v Speaker 2>you are on a carriage ride, and this is a

0:31:04.680 --> 0:31:07.360
<v Speaker 2>delightful day. A soft greaze pushes the air around in

0:31:07.360 --> 0:31:10.080
<v Speaker 2>a fun, flirtatious way. The sound of the carriage wheels

0:31:10.080 --> 0:31:12.400
<v Speaker 2>and the horse hoofs is like a white noise machine.

0:31:12.440 --> 0:31:13.800
<v Speaker 2>That is, if you knew what one of those were.

0:31:13.880 --> 0:31:16.800
<v Speaker 2>You don't. It's the nineteenth century. They'd get to be invented. Anyway.

0:31:16.920 --> 0:31:19.320
<v Speaker 2>You're on this carriage ride, Elizabeth, with you as a

0:31:19.360 --> 0:31:22.480
<v Speaker 2>young Sigmund Freud, and you, Elizabeth, are tight with Freud.

0:31:22.520 --> 0:31:25.160
<v Speaker 2>I mean so tight because you are the cocaine monkey

0:31:25.160 --> 0:31:28.400
<v Speaker 2>on his back, not a literal cocaine money. No, no, no,

0:31:28.480 --> 0:31:30.040
<v Speaker 2>you were Freud's voice of addiction.

0:31:30.200 --> 0:31:31.400
<v Speaker 3>But I thought I was cocaine.

0:31:31.520 --> 0:31:33.880
<v Speaker 2>Yeah. No, you are the voice of Freud's voice of addiction.

0:31:34.240 --> 0:31:35.840
<v Speaker 2>At the moment you and the young doctor are on

0:31:35.880 --> 0:31:37.560
<v Speaker 2>your way to see his mentor and teacher of the

0:31:37.560 --> 0:31:41.640
<v Speaker 2>French psychiatrist Jean Martin Carco. Of course, you've you've been

0:31:41.640 --> 0:31:43.720
<v Speaker 2>there with Freud days earlier, when he wrote a letter

0:31:43.760 --> 0:31:46.120
<v Speaker 2>to his fiance, reading it aloud to him. So you

0:31:46.200 --> 0:31:48.840
<v Speaker 2>recall how he explained his excitement to his fiance, saying,

0:31:49.000 --> 0:31:51.440
<v Speaker 2>Chako has invited me, along with Ratchetti, to visit him

0:31:51.440 --> 0:31:53.920
<v Speaker 2>at his home tomorrow Tuesday, after dinner. Many people will

0:31:53.960 --> 0:31:56.680
<v Speaker 2>be in attendance. You can easily recall the mix of

0:31:56.680 --> 0:31:59.640
<v Speaker 2>trepidation and elation in Freud's reading voices. He continued to

0:31:59.640 --> 0:32:02.000
<v Speaker 2>read it his own letter before sending it off. I'm

0:32:02.040 --> 0:32:05.040
<v Speaker 2>sure you can imagine my apprehension mixed with curiosity and pride.

0:32:05.160 --> 0:32:08.040
<v Speaker 2>White gloves, white tie and even a new shirt, a

0:32:08.160 --> 0:32:10.280
<v Speaker 2>visit to the barber for what little hair I have left,

0:32:10.680 --> 0:32:13.840
<v Speaker 2>and a little cocaine to loosen my tongue. That last

0:32:13.880 --> 0:32:16.040
<v Speaker 2>part was, of course your idea. You whispered that into

0:32:16.040 --> 0:32:18.400
<v Speaker 2>Freud's ear, feeling a little nervous, Siggie, you should do

0:32:18.480 --> 0:32:20.960
<v Speaker 2>some coke about it. And now the big day has come,

0:32:21.000 --> 0:32:23.480
<v Speaker 2>and Freud does as you suggested then and again now

0:32:23.640 --> 0:32:25.920
<v Speaker 2>you suggest he danced with that white devil you love

0:32:26.000 --> 0:32:28.280
<v Speaker 2>to whisper chaos into his ears. And the thing is,

0:32:28.360 --> 0:32:31.680
<v Speaker 2>Freud listens to you, out comes his little container of cocaine,

0:32:31.720 --> 0:32:36.840
<v Speaker 2>and with two snorts, Freud feels that familiar cool sensation

0:32:37.000 --> 0:32:39.720
<v Speaker 2>run down his spine. Oh, that sweet devil cocaine, you

0:32:39.760 --> 0:32:42.360
<v Speaker 2>whisper in his ear. Freud relaxes into the seat of

0:32:42.400 --> 0:32:45.080
<v Speaker 2>his carriage as the sounds of horses and carriage wheels

0:32:45.120 --> 0:32:48.360
<v Speaker 2>pull him even closer to his mentor's house. You whisper

0:32:48.400 --> 0:32:51.560
<v Speaker 2>in his ear again. Freud listens a little more cocaine.

0:32:52.040 --> 0:32:55.200
<v Speaker 2>What a good idea, he thinks, you know, to give him,

0:32:55.280 --> 0:32:59.200
<v Speaker 2>you know, what a little ease from his worries. Oh,

0:32:59.320 --> 0:33:02.080
<v Speaker 2>another mile or two to go. We're almost there. But

0:33:02.160 --> 0:33:03.920
<v Speaker 2>maybe there's just another time, a little bit of time

0:33:03.960 --> 0:33:07.959
<v Speaker 2>for maybe another Freud stays busy, getting high as giraffe

0:33:07.960 --> 0:33:10.320
<v Speaker 2>eyebrows in this carriage. He's like Vienna's Rick Ross at

0:33:10.360 --> 0:33:12.760
<v Speaker 2>this point, right, and you, Elizabeth, are so happy for him,

0:33:12.800 --> 0:33:17.400
<v Speaker 2>because chaos rains. Finally, the carriage arrives at the destination.

0:33:18.120 --> 0:33:20.040
<v Speaker 2>Just before the footmot hops down from the back and

0:33:20.080 --> 0:33:24.040
<v Speaker 2>comes around and opens the doors. Freud tops off. You've

0:33:24.080 --> 0:33:27.240
<v Speaker 2>now convinced Freud to get completely suited before walking into

0:33:27.240 --> 0:33:29.800
<v Speaker 2>the home of his mentor. At this point, you laughably

0:33:29.840 --> 0:33:32.200
<v Speaker 2>imagine Freud mashing his teeth side to side as he

0:33:32.280 --> 0:33:35.720
<v Speaker 2>dominates the conversation. Freud coming off like a yiked out hunter,

0:33:35.800 --> 0:33:39.240
<v Speaker 2>s Thompson. The carriage doors swing open, the footman offers

0:33:39.240 --> 0:33:41.720
<v Speaker 2>a hand to Freud, and you, giddy with excitement, ride

0:33:41.760 --> 0:33:44.360
<v Speaker 2>on Freud's back as he takes his first unsteady step

0:33:44.400 --> 0:33:47.320
<v Speaker 2>out of the carriage, off to see his mentor. How

0:33:47.400 --> 0:33:49.120
<v Speaker 2>much did Freud love cocaina live?

0:33:49.240 --> 0:33:49.880
<v Speaker 3>Oh my god?

0:33:49.960 --> 0:33:51.719
<v Speaker 2>How much did he rely on her? To Calmas social

0:33:51.720 --> 0:33:54.600
<v Speaker 2>anxiety one his own words. In another letter with his Boo,

0:33:54.600 --> 0:33:57.120
<v Speaker 2>Freud confided how he'd been doing so much below at

0:33:57.120 --> 0:33:59.840
<v Speaker 2>the time that he could hardly sleep. He said, I

0:33:59.880 --> 0:34:01.840
<v Speaker 2>was offering from migraines, the third attack this week, by

0:34:01.840 --> 0:34:03.880
<v Speaker 2>the way, although I'm otherwise in excellent health. I took

0:34:03.880 --> 0:34:06.800
<v Speaker 2>some cocaine, watched the migraines vanish at once, went on

0:34:06.920 --> 0:34:09.440
<v Speaker 2>writing my paper as well as it let to professional Mendo.

0:34:09.800 --> 0:34:11.080
<v Speaker 2>But I was so wound up that I had to

0:34:11.080 --> 0:34:12.919
<v Speaker 2>go on working and writing and couldn't get to sleep

0:34:12.960 --> 0:34:15.520
<v Speaker 2>before four in the morning. But I find it hilarious

0:34:15.520 --> 0:34:18.080
<v Speaker 2>about Freud's letters that the good doctor somehow misses the

0:34:18.080 --> 0:34:20.400
<v Speaker 2>fact that maybe, just maybe, his miracle drug is the

0:34:20.440 --> 0:34:22.640
<v Speaker 2>problem for him. He keeps saying, no, this is everything,

0:34:22.640 --> 0:34:24.440
<v Speaker 2>it's the best everything. It's the other things. I don't

0:34:24.440 --> 0:34:27.520
<v Speaker 2>know that hay fever and allergies. So he's like he's

0:34:27.520 --> 0:34:30.120
<v Speaker 2>got Pandora's box, right, big shiny box, and he's now

0:34:30.200 --> 0:34:34.160
<v Speaker 2>dumped it over like cocaine on Don Henley's glass top table.

0:34:34.280 --> 0:34:37.279
<v Speaker 2>He's just this is awesome. Anyway. Well, let's take a

0:34:37.320 --> 0:34:40.279
<v Speaker 2>little break, Elizabeth, and after this I'll be back to

0:34:40.320 --> 0:34:43.319
<v Speaker 2>tell you how Freud may cocaine further the thing, not

0:34:43.400 --> 0:34:44.840
<v Speaker 2>just for himself but for everybody.

0:34:44.920 --> 0:35:06.840
<v Speaker 5>Oh no, Elizabeth, Oh Zaren.

0:35:07.160 --> 0:35:08.800
<v Speaker 2>Do you know how Freud came up with his idea

0:35:08.800 --> 0:35:12.360
<v Speaker 2>for talk therapy cocaine? I mean, think about it. It

0:35:12.400 --> 0:35:15.920
<v Speaker 2>makes perfect sense. Oh yeah, yeah, what is like to do?

0:35:16.360 --> 0:35:21.080
<v Speaker 2>Talk about themselves, their preoccupations, their fears, their worries. Right,

0:35:21.200 --> 0:35:24.080
<v Speaker 2>of course a koke would invent talk therapy. Yeah, it's right.

0:35:24.200 --> 0:35:25.040
<v Speaker 2>Why do we miss this?

0:35:25.239 --> 0:35:25.719
<v Speaker 3>Anyway?

0:35:26.719 --> 0:35:28.840
<v Speaker 2>We have a Freud coked up like Kerry Fisher in

0:35:28.880 --> 0:35:31.279
<v Speaker 2>her prime, and he's got all these rich Viennese folks

0:35:31.320 --> 0:35:33.239
<v Speaker 2>swinging by his office and he's like, you need to

0:35:33.280 --> 0:35:35.319
<v Speaker 2>just open up and talk. Let it happen. You know what,

0:35:35.440 --> 0:35:38.160
<v Speaker 2>just like you say whatever you're thinking. And so this

0:35:38.239 --> 0:35:41.040
<v Speaker 2>is how cocaine's first spreads amongst the elite, right him

0:35:41.080 --> 0:35:43.040
<v Speaker 2>telling everybody how great it is, and they're like, oh, man,

0:35:43.160 --> 0:35:45.239
<v Speaker 2>I do feel better, and I don't even care about

0:35:45.280 --> 0:35:47.960
<v Speaker 2>my mother or whatever it is that their concern is. Meanwhile,

0:35:48.000 --> 0:35:49.960
<v Speaker 2>remember I said Freud thought coke would be the perfect

0:35:49.960 --> 0:35:52.480
<v Speaker 2>thing to give to a morphine addict to treat the addiction,

0:35:53.480 --> 0:35:54.759
<v Speaker 2>which is like the worst idea I could think of

0:35:54.840 --> 0:35:57.080
<v Speaker 2>to give a morphine joy other than morphine is the

0:35:57.120 --> 0:36:01.520
<v Speaker 2>cocaine habit. Anyway, Enter Freud's buddy or van Fleischel Maxau.

0:36:02.040 --> 0:36:04.440
<v Speaker 2>He was the aforementioned morphine junkie. He was also a

0:36:04.480 --> 0:36:08.719
<v Speaker 2>medical cata physiologist. He'd suffered a catastrophic thumb injury while

0:36:08.760 --> 0:36:12.520
<v Speaker 2>dissecting a corpse. The wound resulted in an infection followed

0:36:12.520 --> 0:36:15.200
<v Speaker 2>by an amputation that left him with nerve pain. So

0:36:15.280 --> 0:36:18.000
<v Speaker 2>he treated that with morphine quickly developed one hell of

0:36:18.040 --> 0:36:20.319
<v Speaker 2>a habit. Freud thought he had an answer to his

0:36:20.320 --> 0:36:21.960
<v Speaker 2>friend's trouble. He's like, you knowed you to maybe do

0:36:22.040 --> 0:36:24.960
<v Speaker 2>some cocaine about it? Right, So he treated him. How

0:36:24.960 --> 0:36:27.719
<v Speaker 2>I use that term loosely with copious amounts of cocaine.

0:36:28.200 --> 0:36:31.040
<v Speaker 2>So what happens to his buddy Elizabeth? Oh god, you

0:36:31.160 --> 0:36:34.840
<v Speaker 2>know what happens. He developed a cocaine habit like nobody's business.

0:36:34.880 --> 0:36:37.399
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, he already has addiction issues, and.

0:36:37.360 --> 0:36:39.319
<v Speaker 2>Now he's got a supplier who's pushing it on him,

0:36:39.360 --> 0:36:40.520
<v Speaker 2>literally pushing it.

0:36:40.440 --> 0:36:41.640
<v Speaker 3>On Yeah, exactly.

0:36:41.800 --> 0:36:43.960
<v Speaker 2>And he starts doing so much coke he reaches toxic

0:36:44.040 --> 0:36:46.640
<v Speaker 2>levels in his body. Right, So Freud's therapy pland is

0:36:46.680 --> 0:36:48.920
<v Speaker 2>not working. His friend would eventually battle addiction for the

0:36:48.960 --> 0:36:50.520
<v Speaker 2>next seven years of his life until he died of

0:36:50.560 --> 0:36:52.279
<v Speaker 2>a premature death at age forty five.

0:36:52.360 --> 0:36:54.440
<v Speaker 3>Wag Freud, Yeah, nice one.

0:36:54.239 --> 0:36:56.720
<v Speaker 2>We're still was in. Freud, high on cocaine, became convinced

0:36:56.719 --> 0:36:58.600
<v Speaker 2>that his buddy, another buddy of his, a doctor, should

0:36:58.600 --> 0:37:01.520
<v Speaker 2>attempt a radical operation on one of his patients. You see,

0:37:01.719 --> 0:37:03.880
<v Speaker 2>his own nose, as I told you, have been severely congested,

0:37:03.960 --> 0:37:06.080
<v Speaker 2>just like Stevie Nicks. Now possibly you know from the

0:37:06.120 --> 0:37:08.880
<v Speaker 2>coke habit. So Freud undergone an operation where a doctor

0:37:09.000 --> 0:37:11.200
<v Speaker 2>sliced open one of his nostrils, cleared out all his

0:37:11.239 --> 0:37:13.719
<v Speaker 2>coke blockage and damage or whatever. And Freud thought that

0:37:13.760 --> 0:37:15.520
<v Speaker 2>his buddy could do the same thing on his patients.

0:37:15.520 --> 0:37:17.600
<v Speaker 2>He's like, yeah, just slice open her nose will be perfect.

0:37:17.640 --> 0:37:20.600
<v Speaker 2>Right oation gets botched, the woman suffers for the rest

0:37:20.600 --> 0:37:23.279
<v Speaker 2>of her life. Writes about this in his book The

0:37:23.320 --> 0:37:26.200
<v Speaker 2>Interpretation of Dreams, He records his own guilty dreams about

0:37:26.200 --> 0:37:29.359
<v Speaker 2>his patient Irma. The tragedy drives him to do way

0:37:29.400 --> 0:37:32.239
<v Speaker 2>more cocaine. I need to do cokebat it right. At

0:37:32.239 --> 0:37:33.800
<v Speaker 2>this point, he was doing so much coke. He was

0:37:33.840 --> 0:37:37.319
<v Speaker 2>experiencing regular chest pains, depression. He was doing so much

0:37:37.360 --> 0:37:40.919
<v Speaker 2>coke he nearly imploded his career, his marriage. He still

0:37:40.920 --> 0:37:42.919
<v Speaker 2>hadn't figured out that cocaine was to blame. He kept

0:37:42.920 --> 0:37:44.880
<v Speaker 2>thinking it might be something out. He can't be this

0:37:44.920 --> 0:37:47.120
<v Speaker 2>stuff that makes me feel awesome by that. He wouldn't

0:37:47.120 --> 0:37:49.680
<v Speaker 2>stop doing blow until eighteen ninety six, when his politically

0:37:49.760 --> 0:37:52.640
<v Speaker 2>radical father dropped dead. And you may recall that was

0:37:52.640 --> 0:37:55.840
<v Speaker 2>when he has original reason to start experimenting with his father.

0:37:56.200 --> 0:37:59.200
<v Speaker 2>His father dies. He quit the day after his father

0:37:59.280 --> 0:38:01.000
<v Speaker 2>was put in the ground. One day after his funeral,

0:38:01.080 --> 0:38:02.960
<v Speaker 2>He's like, I don't think I need cocaine anymore, you.

0:38:02.920 --> 0:38:04.600
<v Speaker 3>Know, I wonder what Freud would say about it.

0:38:04.680 --> 0:38:07.520
<v Speaker 2>I'm like, hey, tell me about your faza anyway. So

0:38:07.560 --> 0:38:10.080
<v Speaker 2>Freud he quits cocin eighteen ninety six. Later on, Freud

0:38:10.200 --> 0:38:13.719
<v Speaker 2>largely tried to bury his earlier enthusiasm, for he tried

0:38:13.719 --> 0:38:16.560
<v Speaker 2>to act like he'd never been Johnny cokeseed, we have

0:38:16.640 --> 0:38:18.600
<v Speaker 2>the receipts, right, it's there, right, So Freud he told

0:38:18.600 --> 0:38:20.839
<v Speaker 2>the whole world cocazette. Then he was like, no, never mind,

0:38:21.080 --> 0:38:22.799
<v Speaker 2>but people didn't hear that. Right. By that point it

0:38:22.800 --> 0:38:25.839
<v Speaker 2>had spread, right, Yeah, and uh, you know, even though

0:38:25.920 --> 0:38:28.360
<v Speaker 2>as I said, he quits, Pandora's box has been cracked

0:38:28.400 --> 0:38:30.319
<v Speaker 2>cracked up down. So now we have Coca Cola, we

0:38:30.320 --> 0:38:31.920
<v Speaker 2>have Freud. I told you one other one, who did

0:38:31.920 --> 0:38:36.319
<v Speaker 2>I say, Charlock Holmes. Well, Elizabeth, remember also I told

0:38:36.360 --> 0:38:39.319
<v Speaker 2>you cocaine was legal to the beginning of the twentieth century. Yeah,

0:38:39.400 --> 0:38:41.200
<v Speaker 2>this is very important to remember. So I'll get into

0:38:41.239 --> 0:38:45.640
<v Speaker 2>another story of another superfan of cocaine, Sherlock Holmes. Authors

0:38:45.960 --> 0:38:49.880
<v Speaker 2>Lester Grinspoon and James B. Bacalar, they co wrote a

0:38:49.920 --> 0:38:52.799
<v Speaker 2>book The Details the History of Cocaine, and they documented

0:38:52.880 --> 0:38:56.120
<v Speaker 2>its social evolution. Of course they got to Sherlock Holmes. Yeah,

0:38:56.160 --> 0:39:00.120
<v Speaker 2>because he loved that Bolivian marching powdery. As they wrote,

0:39:00.200 --> 0:39:02.960
<v Speaker 2>doctor Watson Doyle's narrator first mentions cocaine in The Sign

0:39:03.000 --> 0:39:04.759
<v Speaker 2>of the Flour, published in eighteen ninety. At that time,

0:39:04.840 --> 0:39:08.080
<v Speaker 2>Holmes was injecting a seven percent solution intravenously three times

0:39:08.080 --> 0:39:11.320
<v Speaker 2>a day, apparently a rather large dose, since Watson reports

0:39:11.320 --> 0:39:13.600
<v Speaker 2>asking when he saw Holmes with the needle whether it

0:39:13.640 --> 0:39:15.680
<v Speaker 2>was morphine or cocaine. Holmes seems to have had more

0:39:15.719 --> 0:39:17.880
<v Speaker 2>than one drug habit, but we have no more of

0:39:17.960 --> 0:39:20.560
<v Speaker 2>morphine from Watson. In the spirit of mock scholarship with

0:39:20.600 --> 0:39:23.239
<v Speaker 2>which Sirlock Holmes studies are conducted, we might guess that

0:39:23.239 --> 0:39:25.040
<v Speaker 2>Holmes is one of those addicts wo use cocaine to

0:39:25.120 --> 0:39:28.080
<v Speaker 2>withdraw from morphine and simply replace one drug with another.

0:39:28.239 --> 0:39:30.440
<v Speaker 2>Holmes admitted that cocaine was bad for him physically, but

0:39:30.480 --> 0:39:33.839
<v Speaker 2>found it transcendentally stimulating and clarifying to the mind. Now,

0:39:33.840 --> 0:39:36.280
<v Speaker 2>as the authors noted, Sherlock Holmes, he doesn't use cocaine

0:39:36.280 --> 0:39:39.080
<v Speaker 2>as a performance enhancing drug. He uses it to relax.

0:39:39.360 --> 0:39:42.200
<v Speaker 2>So again back to Greensman and Bacalar, they write that

0:39:42.239 --> 0:39:44.880
<v Speaker 2>Sherlock Holmes quote did not use it when working on

0:39:44.920 --> 0:39:46.960
<v Speaker 2>a case, but only did dispel boredom when he had

0:39:46.960 --> 0:39:49.319
<v Speaker 2>nothing to do. Now, it may surprise some folks to

0:39:49.400 --> 0:39:51.200
<v Speaker 2>learn that one of the great detectives of literature was

0:39:51.239 --> 0:39:53.880
<v Speaker 2>an out and out cocatine. Yeah, right, Does it surprise you?

0:39:53.920 --> 0:39:54.080
<v Speaker 3>No?

0:39:54.120 --> 0:39:56.000
<v Speaker 2>I mean, I mean you knew, right, I'd kind of

0:39:56.000 --> 0:39:56.359
<v Speaker 2>told you.

0:39:56.480 --> 0:39:57.319
<v Speaker 3>Well, no, I've read it.

0:39:57.360 --> 0:39:58.040
<v Speaker 2>You read a story.

0:39:58.120 --> 0:40:02.120
<v Speaker 3>And their references in some of the adaptations like the film.

0:40:02.000 --> 0:40:03.759
<v Speaker 2>Okay, yeah, some of the belts cover it. Yeah, but

0:40:03.800 --> 0:40:07.080
<v Speaker 2>they often gets dropped out. Yeah, anyway, to make their case,

0:40:07.080 --> 0:40:09.480
<v Speaker 2>the co authors, they documented all the appearances in all

0:40:09.480 --> 0:40:11.920
<v Speaker 2>of his books. And there's cocaine right from the first book,

0:40:11.960 --> 0:40:14.279
<v Speaker 2>all right. In a study in Scarlet, doctor Watson is

0:40:14.280 --> 0:40:17.160
<v Speaker 2>worried about his friend's co cabit, doesn't quite mention it

0:40:17.200 --> 0:40:19.680
<v Speaker 2>by name. It gets mentioned by name three years later

0:40:19.719 --> 0:40:22.640
<v Speaker 2>in the next book, The Sign of the Four, Watson

0:40:22.680 --> 0:40:26.239
<v Speaker 2>actually watches Holmes shoot up right, and he says, and

0:40:26.280 --> 0:40:28.439
<v Speaker 2>I quote Charlotte, Holmes took his bottle from the corner

0:40:28.440 --> 0:40:30.839
<v Speaker 2>of the mantelpiece and his hypodermic syringe from its neat

0:40:30.840 --> 0:40:34.719
<v Speaker 2>Morocco case. With his long, white, nervous fingers. He adjusted

0:40:34.719 --> 0:40:37.720
<v Speaker 2>the delicate needle, and rolled back his left shirt cuff.

0:40:38.120 --> 0:40:41.080
<v Speaker 2>For some little time, his eyes rested thoughtfully upon the

0:40:41.160 --> 0:40:45.560
<v Speaker 2>sinewy forearm and wrist, all dotted and scarred with innumerable

0:40:45.600 --> 0:40:50.120
<v Speaker 2>puncture marks. Finally, he thrust the sharp point home, pressed

0:40:50.160 --> 0:40:54.040
<v Speaker 2>down the tiny piston, and sank back into the velvet

0:40:54.080 --> 0:40:58.480
<v Speaker 2>lined armchair with a long sigh of satisfaction. Now to me,

0:40:58.520 --> 0:41:00.000
<v Speaker 2>that sounds like morphineus a cocaine.

0:41:00.040 --> 0:41:02.759
<v Speaker 3>I was realized in reading it and then seeing I

0:41:02.800 --> 0:41:05.120
<v Speaker 3>always thought it was that Holmes was supposed to be

0:41:05.440 --> 0:41:06.360
<v Speaker 3>a morphine addict.

0:41:06.520 --> 0:41:10.399
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, he speaks. Holmes specifically speaks to cocaine. He tells

0:41:10.400 --> 0:41:12.560
<v Speaker 2>the Good Doctor at one point, I suppose that it's

0:41:12.600 --> 0:41:14.920
<v Speaker 2>influence is physically a bad one. I find it, however,

0:41:15.080 --> 0:41:17.960
<v Speaker 2>so trendscendentally stimulating and clarifying to the mind, that its

0:41:17.960 --> 0:41:20.960
<v Speaker 2>secondary action is a matter of small moment. So he

0:41:21.000 --> 0:41:22.759
<v Speaker 2>basically says, I don't care, it makes you feel good. Yeah,

0:41:22.760 --> 0:41:27.840
<v Speaker 2>don't give me any So that's how the Great Detective

0:41:27.840 --> 0:41:30.840
<v Speaker 2>helped glamorize cocaine. He give it a patina of elegance

0:41:30.880 --> 0:41:34.319
<v Speaker 2>and sophistication similar to Freud right, but admittedly he didn't

0:41:34.360 --> 0:41:36.560
<v Speaker 2>have to worry about fetanol like the modern users do.

0:41:37.040 --> 0:41:39.200
<v Speaker 2>But even Victorian cocaine was still a no joke. It

0:41:39.239 --> 0:41:43.360
<v Speaker 2>was pharmaceutical great. But anyway, Elizabeth, you still may be wondering, Jaren,

0:41:43.440 --> 0:41:46.560
<v Speaker 2>where is the crime? You've kind of dogged. Yeah, it's

0:41:46.560 --> 0:41:49.520
<v Speaker 2>a fantastic question, Elizabeth to answer that. Let's bring it

0:41:49.560 --> 0:41:52.760
<v Speaker 2>back home to the US. Cocaine arrived in American soil

0:41:52.800 --> 0:41:55.120
<v Speaker 2>in eighteen eighty four as a medical supply. As I've

0:41:55.160 --> 0:41:56.960
<v Speaker 2>told you, right, it is mostly just with the doctors.

0:41:56.960 --> 0:41:59.480
<v Speaker 2>By then, who's being mass produced by European chemical companies

0:41:59.520 --> 0:42:03.160
<v Speaker 2>like Murk, And they're throwing it over this over the Atlantic, right,

0:42:03.200 --> 0:42:05.560
<v Speaker 2>this new wonder drug. It gets outlawed in its first

0:42:05.600 --> 0:42:08.399
<v Speaker 2>state three years later, in eighteen eighty seven, the state

0:42:08.440 --> 0:42:11.080
<v Speaker 2>of Oregon. At that point, all the new stories about

0:42:11.120 --> 0:42:14.080
<v Speaker 2>cocaine abuse were about doctors abusing it. So Oregon very

0:42:14.080 --> 0:42:16.719
<v Speaker 2>small state. They can't have their few doctors abusing it,

0:42:16.760 --> 0:42:19.160
<v Speaker 2>so they outlawed, Right, they're dipping into it. Two years later,

0:42:19.200 --> 0:42:23.200
<v Speaker 2>Montana outlawed cocaine without a prescription, So, just like Oregon,

0:42:23.200 --> 0:42:24.719
<v Speaker 2>it was more of an updated ban on their pre

0:42:24.800 --> 0:42:28.640
<v Speaker 2>existing laws against opium and morphine, which was a racist

0:42:28.640 --> 0:42:32.560
<v Speaker 2>preoccupation in the West because of Chinese laborers. Yeah, so Colorado.

0:42:32.760 --> 0:42:36.719
<v Speaker 3>Sorry, it feels like cocaine though, was probably not prescribed

0:42:36.880 --> 0:42:40.040
<v Speaker 3>for people to take away from the office. I think

0:42:40.080 --> 0:42:42.480
<v Speaker 3>it was it because it seems like if the doctors

0:42:42.480 --> 0:42:44.479
<v Speaker 3>are getting busted for it, it's something that is.

0:42:44.480 --> 0:42:47.279
<v Speaker 2>It's not being administered in the doctor's office. They were

0:42:47.320 --> 0:42:50.799
<v Speaker 2>being given various ways. There was like lozenges, there's gums,

0:42:51.000 --> 0:42:53.880
<v Speaker 2>there's there are shots that they're administering, but there's also powders.

0:42:53.920 --> 0:42:55.960
<v Speaker 2>There's a lot of different they're coming up. They don't

0:42:56.000 --> 0:42:57.600
<v Speaker 2>know how to best give it to people today.

0:42:57.680 --> 0:43:00.080
<v Speaker 3>Isn't it mostly used in dentistry.

0:42:59.640 --> 0:43:02.719
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, it's it's primarily an anesthetic cruised and dentistry in

0:43:02.760 --> 0:43:04.399
<v Speaker 2>the in the office. Yeah, and the users a little

0:43:04.480 --> 0:43:07.640
<v Speaker 2>tiny noodles thing. So Colorado, Illinois they soon follow suit.

0:43:07.680 --> 0:43:10.480
<v Speaker 2>They update their narcotics laws. This is primarily in response,

0:43:10.520 --> 0:43:13.560
<v Speaker 2>once again to abuse by doctors and pharmacists. Eighteen ninety three,

0:43:13.600 --> 0:43:15.440
<v Speaker 2>the state of New York first big state to do it.

0:43:15.480 --> 0:43:17.719
<v Speaker 2>They ban the use of cocaine without a doctor's note,

0:43:17.760 --> 0:43:21.960
<v Speaker 2>again to limit recreational cocaine abuse. Same thing doctor's pharmacist.

0:43:22.200 --> 0:43:24.680
<v Speaker 2>One month after cocaine had first rived in US, a

0:43:24.719 --> 0:43:27.440
<v Speaker 2>Connecticut doctor he'd created a new product. I remember you

0:43:27.440 --> 0:43:29.080
<v Speaker 2>were talking about they didn't know how to get cocaine

0:43:29.120 --> 0:43:31.359
<v Speaker 2>into the body the best way. So he decides, oh,

0:43:31.360 --> 0:43:33.600
<v Speaker 2>I mean, once again for medical purposes, He's going to

0:43:33.640 --> 0:43:36.280
<v Speaker 2>create some way to fight the common cold with cocaine.

0:43:36.320 --> 0:43:39.640
<v Speaker 2>So he grinds up menthol and cocaine and some milk

0:43:39.680 --> 0:43:42.120
<v Speaker 2>sugar and he sells this as a medical snuff.

0:43:42.200 --> 0:43:42.359
<v Speaker 5>Right.

0:43:42.480 --> 0:43:43.920
<v Speaker 2>It's just you can do the white powder and you

0:43:43.920 --> 0:43:46.319
<v Speaker 2>can just snort it. So he thought it would open

0:43:46.400 --> 0:43:48.439
<v Speaker 2>up the nostrils. What it did was create a quick

0:43:48.440 --> 0:43:51.480
<v Speaker 2>and easy way to recreationally do cocaine. Young folks love it.

0:43:51.520 --> 0:43:53.080
<v Speaker 2>They start calling it sniff and cocaine.

0:43:53.080 --> 0:43:53.200
<v Speaker 5>There.

0:43:53.280 --> 0:43:55.600
<v Speaker 2>You got to get that sniff and cocaine. It becomes

0:43:55.600 --> 0:43:58.000
<v Speaker 2>the new drug ad choice. Soon enough, there's news headlines

0:43:58.760 --> 0:44:02.120
<v Speaker 2>documenting this new moral panic. This headline's like boy slave

0:44:02.160 --> 0:44:04.640
<v Speaker 2>to cocaine or that was from the Chicago Tribune eighteen

0:44:04.719 --> 0:44:05.200
<v Speaker 2>ninety six.

0:44:05.440 --> 0:44:07.960
<v Speaker 3>This general mood, all these stories milk powdery you said,

0:44:08.160 --> 0:44:10.280
<v Speaker 3>milk sugar, milk sugar. Yeah, still it's interesting.

0:44:10.360 --> 0:44:12.600
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, does that make it sweet, not too sweet? Who'd

0:44:12.640 --> 0:44:14.920
<v Speaker 2>be really crystal? And it's kind of a flaky, dry sugar.

0:44:14.920 --> 0:44:15.120
<v Speaker 3>Okay.

0:44:15.280 --> 0:44:19.040
<v Speaker 2>Anyway, they're basically the stories. The moral panic is that

0:44:19.200 --> 0:44:22.040
<v Speaker 2>cocaine is fueling the white slave trade. That's what they think.

0:44:22.440 --> 0:44:24.640
<v Speaker 2>The white slave trade is being run on cocaine. That's

0:44:24.760 --> 0:44:27.279
<v Speaker 2>what this is the new story, say Elizabeth, All these

0:44:27.320 --> 0:44:29.440
<v Speaker 2>like white girls and boys are going into the big.

0:44:29.320 --> 0:44:30.920
<v Speaker 3>City and Jimmy and.

0:44:30.880 --> 0:44:33.800
<v Speaker 2>Then yeah, they're being like suckered into warehouses by people

0:44:33.800 --> 0:44:36.000
<v Speaker 2>with like cocaine. I don't know. These are the stories.

0:44:36.080 --> 0:44:39.480
<v Speaker 2>It becomes this consistent theme, right for two decades. In

0:44:39.560 --> 0:44:42.400
<v Speaker 2>nineteen twelve, the New York Tribune ran the headline Cocaine

0:44:42.480 --> 0:44:44.600
<v Speaker 2>an ally of the white slavers. It just they just

0:44:44.680 --> 0:44:47.120
<v Speaker 2>keep doing the same stories over and over again. Right

0:44:47.239 --> 0:44:50.359
<v Speaker 2>despite all these screaming headlines about lost white youth. Yea,

0:44:50.440 --> 0:44:53.239
<v Speaker 2>the moral panic never takes hold of people's imaginations and

0:44:53.680 --> 0:44:56.439
<v Speaker 2>nothing's really happening. The story starts to shift. In eighteen

0:44:56.520 --> 0:44:58.360
<v Speaker 2>ninety eight, a Chicago paper wrote a story about a

0:44:58.400 --> 0:45:00.520
<v Speaker 2>cocaine club where black people gathered in secret and they

0:45:00.520 --> 0:45:02.400
<v Speaker 2>blew rails of this new hip drug. And the paper

0:45:02.719 --> 0:45:05.520
<v Speaker 2>wrote and I quote yesterday, the following invitations were sent

0:45:05.560 --> 0:45:08.280
<v Speaker 2>to a number of prospective members. You are cordially invited

0:45:08.320 --> 0:45:10.920
<v Speaker 2>to attend a coke party given by the Colored Cocaine

0:45:10.920 --> 0:45:13.720
<v Speaker 2>Club at its hall on December twenty third at three pm.

0:45:14.000 --> 0:45:17.560
<v Speaker 2>There was a large attendance. An Ramsey, a depraved negress

0:45:17.640 --> 0:45:20.120
<v Speaker 2>who was known as the Queen of the Cocaine Fiends,

0:45:20.239 --> 0:45:22.799
<v Speaker 2>sniffed the drug up her nostrils until her nose was

0:45:22.840 --> 0:45:26.040
<v Speaker 2>swollen and split open. She is the ruling spirit of

0:45:26.080 --> 0:45:30.160
<v Speaker 2>these gatherings. So in these news stories right, setting aside

0:45:30.200 --> 0:45:33.080
<v Speaker 2>the casual racism, coke was shown as the ruiner of people. Right,

0:45:33.160 --> 0:45:35.480
<v Speaker 2>fears of black people doing coke were largely non existent

0:45:35.520 --> 0:45:37.720
<v Speaker 2>and mostly focused on the cocaine, not the black people.

0:45:37.760 --> 0:45:41.200
<v Speaker 2>But then as the century turned Elizabeth, cocaine sniffing became

0:45:41.239 --> 0:45:43.720
<v Speaker 2>the drug a choice for working men, in particular black

0:45:43.719 --> 0:45:47.239
<v Speaker 2>waterfront dock workers and Steve Adoors. They helped spread the

0:45:47.320 --> 0:45:50.120
<v Speaker 2>drug across the South, first up and down the Mississippi,

0:45:50.160 --> 0:45:52.640
<v Speaker 2>and we see all these states start banning cocaine all

0:45:52.680 --> 0:45:55.160
<v Speaker 2>along the Mississippi River. It makes its way into New

0:45:55.239 --> 0:45:58.400
<v Speaker 2>Orleans and the Forum from there to the former plantation workers.

0:45:58.440 --> 0:45:59.960
<v Speaker 2>Now it starts showing up in what would be the

0:46:00.000 --> 0:46:02.040
<v Speaker 2>the predecessors of juke joints. People are doing it on

0:46:02.040 --> 0:46:02.440
<v Speaker 2>the weekend.

0:46:02.560 --> 0:46:02.799
<v Speaker 7>Yeah.

0:46:02.840 --> 0:46:05.239
<v Speaker 2>The white planters are stoked about cocaine because the black

0:46:05.239 --> 0:46:08.040
<v Speaker 2>field workers worked longer and they were more productive, so

0:46:08.080 --> 0:46:10.960
<v Speaker 2>they were like, yeah, the white planters started growing cocaine

0:46:11.000 --> 0:46:12.880
<v Speaker 2>giving it out to the field hands. It was like

0:46:12.920 --> 0:46:15.160
<v Speaker 2>coffee in a breakway. We're oh, yeah, there's just handed

0:46:15.160 --> 0:46:18.960
<v Speaker 2>cocaine out right. The popularity cocaine spreads across the South right,

0:46:19.040 --> 0:46:21.400
<v Speaker 2>especially in New Orleans because it's a party city. This

0:46:21.400 --> 0:46:23.800
<v Speaker 2>would soon lead to a new wave of racialized fears

0:46:23.800 --> 0:46:26.960
<v Speaker 2>of negroes running them up high on cocaine. The typical

0:46:27.000 --> 0:46:29.960
<v Speaker 2>Southern fears of black people getting their bloody vengeance on

0:46:30.040 --> 0:46:32.839
<v Speaker 2>white folks start creeping north with these news stories. Right

0:46:32.960 --> 0:46:36.080
<v Speaker 2>the Atlanta Journal Constitution, my hometown paper, they published a

0:46:36.120 --> 0:46:38.680
<v Speaker 2>story a nineteen hundred two negro women engage in a

0:46:38.719 --> 0:46:42.319
<v Speaker 2>bloody fight and cocaine dive. Another AJC headline from the

0:46:42.320 --> 0:46:45.759
<v Speaker 2>same time, frightful spread of habit among the Negroes. My

0:46:45.880 --> 0:46:48.840
<v Speaker 2>favorite is from November twenty eighth to nineteen hundred Senators

0:46:48.920 --> 0:46:51.200
<v Speaker 2>visit cocaine sniffers. I don't know what the story is

0:46:51.200 --> 0:46:54.799
<v Speaker 2>there now, there wasn't Atlanta copy. They quoted in the

0:46:54.800 --> 0:46:57.839
<v Speaker 2>Ajac and the cocaine says, cocaine makes the Negroes quiet

0:46:57.880 --> 0:47:00.480
<v Speaker 2>and inoffensive. And if we have less trouble, cocaine victims

0:47:00.520 --> 0:47:02.799
<v Speaker 2>in with whiskey victims. So they're like all about it.

0:47:03.000 --> 0:47:05.680
<v Speaker 2>The cops are saying, we're cool with it, doesn't matter.

0:47:05.760 --> 0:47:07.880
<v Speaker 2>New York papers they start running similar stories as the

0:47:07.880 --> 0:47:11.200
<v Speaker 2>southern headlines started getting syndicated all across the country. This

0:47:11.280 --> 0:47:14.040
<v Speaker 2>wave builds over the decade. In nineteen oh five, the

0:47:14.080 --> 0:47:17.239
<v Speaker 2>New York Times publishes a story, Negro Cocaine evil. That's

0:47:17.239 --> 0:47:20.440
<v Speaker 2>all it is, just three words, Negro cocaine evil. No story,

0:47:20.480 --> 0:47:23.440
<v Speaker 2>that's just said. It was about cocaine the Southern States.

0:47:23.440 --> 0:47:26.040
<v Speaker 2>So all these Northerners are worried about what's happening down

0:47:26.080 --> 0:47:27.799
<v Speaker 2>to our brothers in the South. I guess I don't

0:47:27.800 --> 0:47:30.440
<v Speaker 2>know right. So later on nineteen twelve, the New York

0:47:30.440 --> 0:47:33.000
<v Speaker 2>Times story there's another one. This one's about the local habits.

0:47:33.000 --> 0:47:35.880
<v Speaker 2>It says Cuban Negroes introduced a cocaine vice in New

0:47:35.960 --> 0:47:40.400
<v Speaker 2>York Merk introduced the cocaine price in New York anyway,

0:47:40.719 --> 0:47:43.759
<v Speaker 2>This just general ambient racist trend eventually culminated in a

0:47:43.880 --> 0:47:46.640
<v Speaker 2>corker of a New York Times magazine story published February

0:47:46.719 --> 0:47:50.920
<v Speaker 2>nineteen fourteen, with the very unsubtle headline Negro cocaine fiends

0:47:50.920 --> 0:47:54.640
<v Speaker 2>are a new Southern menace. That published story which was incorrect.

0:47:54.640 --> 0:47:57.680
<v Speaker 2>Mind you detailed accounts of coke mad negroes, and the

0:47:57.800 --> 0:47:59.960
<v Speaker 2>article is written by one doctor Edward Huntington will You,

0:48:00.160 --> 0:48:02.799
<v Speaker 2>who was a local moral skold. He featured lines in

0:48:02.840 --> 0:48:05.280
<v Speaker 2>his article like nine men killed in Mississippi by craz's

0:48:05.320 --> 0:48:08.760
<v Speaker 2>cocaine takers, five in North Carolina, three in Tennessee. These

0:48:08.760 --> 0:48:11.800
<v Speaker 2>are the facts that need no imaginative coloring. Why do

0:48:11.880 --> 0:48:15.200
<v Speaker 2>they need no imaginative coloring, Elizabeth, because of racism. The

0:48:15.239 --> 0:48:17.520
<v Speaker 2>reader's already been primed to imagine the black men committing

0:48:17.560 --> 0:48:17.960
<v Speaker 2>the crimes.

0:48:18.000 --> 0:48:19.080
<v Speaker 3>Did they really happen?

0:48:19.320 --> 0:48:19.440
<v Speaker 7>No.

0:48:19.560 --> 0:48:21.880
<v Speaker 2>The purported news story included a tale of a cocaine

0:48:21.920 --> 0:48:25.360
<v Speaker 2>stiffing negro who was in vulnerable to the effects of guns.

0:48:25.760 --> 0:48:29.320
<v Speaker 2>Bullets bounced off his coke addled body. A direct gunshot

0:48:29.360 --> 0:48:31.799
<v Speaker 2>to the heart, Elizabeth, a direct gunshot to the heart.

0:48:31.800 --> 0:48:34.239
<v Speaker 2>In the story is quote did not even stagger the man.

0:48:34.640 --> 0:48:37.040
<v Speaker 2>The new story reported how this incident and one's like it,

0:48:37.120 --> 0:48:40.040
<v Speaker 2>had spurred Southern cops to purchase quote guns of greater

0:48:40.160 --> 0:48:43.160
<v Speaker 2>shocking power. So they wanted stoppers because he got these,

0:48:43.200 --> 0:48:47.880
<v Speaker 2>you know, bulletproof negroes running own cocaine. The real story,

0:48:47.920 --> 0:48:49.839
<v Speaker 2>by the way, Elizabeth, since you did ask, had been

0:48:49.880 --> 0:48:53.040
<v Speaker 2>published by The New York Times one year earlier, in

0:48:53.120 --> 0:48:56.600
<v Speaker 2>nineteen thirteen. In the original reporting, it was two brothers,

0:48:56.600 --> 0:49:00.200
<v Speaker 2>not one bulletproof negro cocine. The brothers did act violently,

0:49:00.239 --> 0:49:02.759
<v Speaker 2>and in response, three innocent black men were killed by

0:49:02.760 --> 0:49:05.719
<v Speaker 2>a white mob as retribution. But what do facts matter

0:49:05.760 --> 0:49:08.520
<v Speaker 2>when you got a good racialized scare campaign.

0:49:08.080 --> 0:49:10.640
<v Speaker 3>To build dude who like trash his own house during

0:49:10.680 --> 0:49:13.120
<v Speaker 3>all the George Floyd of rising and then wrote Black's

0:49:13.160 --> 0:49:16.240
<v Speaker 3>rule in the driveway.

0:49:18.080 --> 0:49:20.319
<v Speaker 2>So we have there's there's there's our crime. All right,

0:49:20.360 --> 0:49:22.920
<v Speaker 2>we got I got a one percent. Somebody did get hurt, right,

0:49:22.960 --> 0:49:24.719
<v Speaker 2>I felt that one percent was important to include. But

0:49:25.200 --> 0:49:27.319
<v Speaker 2>so that same year, as that crazy racist New York

0:49:27.320 --> 0:49:30.680
<v Speaker 2>Times story runs, it finally grips the America followed nineteen

0:49:30.719 --> 0:49:33.479
<v Speaker 2>fourteen folks down to Washington. They act on this imagined threat.

0:49:33.600 --> 0:49:38.319
<v Speaker 2>Lawmakers passed new legislation, federal legislation, the Harrison Act. After that,

0:49:38.360 --> 0:49:41.640
<v Speaker 2>it makes cocaine illegal without a prescription across the United States. Yeah,

0:49:41.760 --> 0:49:44.680
<v Speaker 2>that coke usage drops off, then the hip they move

0:49:44.719 --> 0:49:46.120
<v Speaker 2>on to heroin. We got new drugs.

0:49:46.160 --> 0:49:46.279
<v Speaker 4>Right.

0:49:46.600 --> 0:49:49.120
<v Speaker 2>Cocaine becomes a crime when black people were doing the

0:49:49.160 --> 0:49:51.759
<v Speaker 2>same arical drug as freud. So there's there's our ridiculous

0:49:51.800 --> 0:49:55.000
<v Speaker 2>crime when folks with field sweat on their backs enjoyed

0:49:55.000 --> 0:49:58.200
<v Speaker 2>the preferred pastime of popes and a queen and Sherlock Holmes.

0:49:58.280 --> 0:50:00.560
<v Speaker 2>Once it did, the melanated folks started snow from cocaine

0:50:00.600 --> 0:50:03.680
<v Speaker 2>and private clubs of colored cocaine enthusiasts. Yeah, that, Elizabeth

0:50:03.719 --> 0:50:06.279
<v Speaker 2>is when cocaine became a drug menace. But you know what,

0:50:06.400 --> 0:50:08.680
<v Speaker 2>good and honestly, in my opinion, cocaine is a menace.

0:50:08.719 --> 0:50:11.080
<v Speaker 2>It should be a regulated substance. It's it's too much

0:50:11.080 --> 0:50:13.240
<v Speaker 2>for the human animal. I mean, look at everybody's reaction

0:50:13.320 --> 0:50:15.880
<v Speaker 2>to it, like this is amazing. It's not a powder

0:50:16.000 --> 0:50:18.400
<v Speaker 2>meant for It's a powderman for gods, not mere mortals.

0:50:18.400 --> 0:50:20.120
<v Speaker 2>That's my thought. I think the South Americans were right.

0:50:20.160 --> 0:50:22.120
<v Speaker 2>We're like, this is some god stuff, right man. I

0:50:22.200 --> 0:50:23.640
<v Speaker 2>know I'm kind of making it sound good. I don't

0:50:23.640 --> 0:50:25.520
<v Speaker 2>mean to. It's not. Coca is terrible, and you know what,

0:50:26.360 --> 0:50:28.640
<v Speaker 2>I want coke to be illegal. But anyway that is

0:50:28.680 --> 0:50:32.360
<v Speaker 2>out coke and our history with it became illegal ridiculous

0:50:32.360 --> 0:50:35.560
<v Speaker 2>and ridiculous. So that's a ridiculous takeaway, Elizabeth.

0:50:35.160 --> 0:50:38.920
<v Speaker 3>Don't do drugs, don't do coke. Yes, that's my big takeaway.

0:50:38.920 --> 0:50:43.080
<v Speaker 3>And also, like the people people all coked out don't

0:50:43.120 --> 0:50:46.439
<v Speaker 3>know how obnoxious they are. In their minds. They're thinking

0:50:46.440 --> 0:50:50.400
<v Speaker 3>they're just like the funniest, like quickest, cutest thing, and

0:50:50.560 --> 0:50:52.000
<v Speaker 3>oh my goodness.

0:50:51.680 --> 0:50:53.200
<v Speaker 2>Yes, I would love you be able to show them

0:50:53.239 --> 0:50:53.800
<v Speaker 2>the difference.

0:50:53.840 --> 0:50:57.520
<v Speaker 3>So yeah, all teeth grinding now for.

0:50:57.600 --> 0:50:58.880
<v Speaker 2>Me once again, thank you for asking.

0:50:58.760 --> 0:51:00.480
<v Speaker 3>A little Yeah, yeah, I want to know.

0:51:00.560 --> 0:51:04.200
<v Speaker 2>My ridiculous takeaway is is well, I thought of like

0:51:04.200 --> 0:51:06.200
<v Speaker 2>the Chinese folks in the West, they could have been like,

0:51:06.239 --> 0:51:07.799
<v Speaker 2>we could have told you how this would play out,

0:51:08.080 --> 0:51:11.040
<v Speaker 2>because one generation earlier they had dealt with this with

0:51:11.080 --> 0:51:13.719
<v Speaker 2>the opium line. Yeah, and that was because of the

0:51:13.719 --> 0:51:16.120
<v Speaker 2>people in the West wanted to lessen the power of

0:51:16.200 --> 0:51:18.440
<v Speaker 2>fast growing Chinese wealth. So they're like, oh, it's come

0:51:18.480 --> 0:51:20.120
<v Speaker 2>off with this. We'll legalize all of them. We'll make

0:51:20.160 --> 0:51:23.440
<v Speaker 2>it a problem. We could be suspicious of anyone with money. Yeah, anyway,

0:51:23.800 --> 0:51:26.160
<v Speaker 2>that was a generation earlier. So really there's truly nothing

0:51:26.160 --> 0:51:28.560
<v Speaker 2>new under the sun. Not a lick anyway. That's all

0:51:28.560 --> 0:51:30.880
<v Speaker 2>I got for you, but the history of cocaine and

0:51:30.920 --> 0:51:34.680
<v Speaker 2>why we have talk therapy US. You can online a

0:51:34.760 --> 0:51:37.160
<v Speaker 2>Ridiculous Crime on Twitter, Instagram. We have a website ridiculous

0:51:37.160 --> 0:51:39.520
<v Speaker 2>Crime dot com, and we also like your talkbacks emails

0:51:39.560 --> 0:51:42.360
<v Speaker 2>if you want at Ridiculous Crime at gmail dot com.

0:51:42.400 --> 0:51:50.319
<v Speaker 2>Thanks for listening. We'll catch your next crime. Ridiculous Crime

0:51:50.320 --> 0:51:52.960
<v Speaker 2>is supposed to by Elizabeth Dutton and Zaron Burnette, produced

0:51:52.960 --> 0:51:56.160
<v Speaker 2>and edited by our resident cocaine hippo caretaker Dave Cousten.

0:51:56.400 --> 0:51:58.680
<v Speaker 2>Research is by Mursa, I Don't Dance with that, Blow

0:51:58.880 --> 0:52:03.000
<v Speaker 2>Brown and Andre Yeah. Anime is my cocaine song, Sharpened Tear.

0:52:03.640 --> 0:52:06.520
<v Speaker 2>Our theme song is by Thomas Keep It Natural Lee

0:52:06.800 --> 0:52:10.480
<v Speaker 2>and Travis I prefer Pepsi Dunton. The host wardrobe provided

0:52:10.520 --> 0:52:13.600
<v Speaker 2>by Botany five hundred. Executive producers are Ben Did you

0:52:13.640 --> 0:52:15.840
<v Speaker 2>know that Keith Richards once started a line of his

0:52:15.880 --> 0:52:18.920
<v Speaker 2>own father's ashes bowling and Noel, Yeah, I did you

0:52:18.960 --> 0:52:20.120
<v Speaker 2>told me that brown?

0:52:25.840 --> 0:52:29.480
<v Speaker 4>Okay, So I just had to try the Snoop cereal.

0:52:31.040 --> 0:52:33.319
<v Speaker 4>So I went to Walmart and I bought it. It

0:52:33.360 --> 0:52:37.719
<v Speaker 4>was one ninety eight. I got the frosted drizzlers.

0:52:38.719 --> 0:52:51.640
<v Speaker 7>And I'm going to try them. These are really good.

0:52:52.200 --> 0:52:57.080
<v Speaker 4>These were really good, so continuing from the last one,

0:52:59.400 --> 0:53:03.759
<v Speaker 4>they're really not really really sweet. I think they're just

0:53:03.800 --> 0:53:10.680
<v Speaker 4>a little bit sweeter than the frosted miniwheeds. They're a

0:53:10.680 --> 0:53:18.439
<v Speaker 4>lot cheaper too. I think they're really delicious. They're really good.

0:53:18.440 --> 0:53:21.719
<v Speaker 4>I can't stop eating them. Definitely try them out.

0:53:22.520 --> 0:53:28.240
<v Speaker 6>Ridicous Crime, Say it one more Timeous Crime.

0:53:29.239 --> 0:53:32.640
<v Speaker 1>Ridiculous Crime is a production of iHeartRadio four more podcasts.

0:53:32.719 --> 0:53:35.880
<v Speaker 1>My heart Radio, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or

0:53:35.920 --> 0:53:37.680
<v Speaker 1>wherever you listen to your favorite shows.