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Speaker 1: Ridiculous Crime is a production of iHeartRadio.

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Speaker 2: Elizabeth Dunton Saron Brunette got a question for you, my friend, Yes, ma'am,

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Speaker 2: do you know what's ridiculous?

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Speaker 3: Yeah?

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Speaker 4: I do.

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Speaker 2: Okay, Well I'm sitting over here, just honestly.

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Speaker 3: I will let you know. Okay, So I like jokesters, tricksters.

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Speaker 3: The ultimate trickster is what one art historian called this artist,

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Speaker 3: Jen's Haunting. And he's from He lives in Copenhagen. All right,

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Speaker 3: he's a conceptual artist. He does like big sculptures. And

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Speaker 3: he had this one I head a thing about like

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Speaker 3: a sound piece where Turks told jokes in their native

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Speaker 3: language and then they played it in a public square

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Speaker 3: in Oslo. Okay, yeah, okay, you see where I'm going

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Speaker 3: with this anyway, this is not a mashup.

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Speaker 2: Ps God, yeah, Bert I can cry if I want to.

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Speaker 3: We we did actually get a lot of tips off

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Speaker 3: on this, but it's a good art kind of mini heist.

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Speaker 3: Where so this this haunting, he'd done a piece before

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Speaker 3: that had currency on it, money, and so a museum

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Speaker 3: gave him money to create two works with banknotes featured

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Speaker 3: all over these canvases. It was supposed to have four

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Speaker 3: hundred and ninety two five hundred and forty nine kroner,

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Speaker 3: which is equivalent to little, you know, sixty nine thousand

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Speaker 3: ballparking dollars, which is the average annual salary in Denmark.

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Speaker 3: And he was supposed to put it on this canvas

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Speaker 3: and oh my gosh, what a statement, and look at

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Speaker 3: this is what we make. So he goes. He goes though,

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Speaker 3: he's like, yeah, hold on, let me just work on this.

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Speaker 4: I love that.

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Speaker 2: Let me work with this, right, and he.

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Speaker 3: Drives up in his little scooter whatever, scoot scoot. He

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Speaker 3: toodles up and walks in with two blank canvases and

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Speaker 3: is like, here are my pieces. And he said, they

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Speaker 3: said what and he said yeah, they're called take the

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Speaker 3: money and run. Oh yes, I heard of the just

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Speaker 3: gave him blank ones.

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Speaker 2: I love this. He's like, I spent the money. Yeah, right,

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Speaker 2: there you go art.

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Speaker 3: So that the museum was like, not funny, seriously, where's

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Speaker 3: the art. He's like, not funny, this is art.

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Speaker 2: This is it. And so U say, Marcel, do this

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Speaker 2: is it?

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Speaker 3: They said, we're supposed to turn back, like we're supposed

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Speaker 3: to get this money back, like we're going to be

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Speaker 3: able to take it off the canvases when.

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Speaker 2: This I didn't see that in the paperwork.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, So they took him to court and the court

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Speaker 3: said that he could keep forty thousand of those kroner

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Speaker 3: because that was what they were supposed to pay him.

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Speaker 3: But he had to give everything back and he's now

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Speaker 3: appealing it because he's like it is but art.

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Speaker 2: Who's to say it was conceptual art?

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Speaker 3: Yeah? That was my concept is I took your money

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Speaker 3: and a ran and that, my friend, is ridiculous.

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Speaker 2: Oh my god, that's super ridiculous. That is thank you

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Speaker 2: laid one.

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Speaker 5: Up for me.

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Speaker 2: Well, if you got a second, I got one for you. Yes,

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Speaker 2: this story, it is wild. Are you ready to have

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Speaker 2: your mind the flippid all the time? Yeah, because this

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Speaker 2: is a story of how and why cocaine became the thing.

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Speaker 2: What Yeah, it's with this story, okay, elzb that comes

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Speaker 2: down to three iconic names, two brands, and a man. Okay, yeah.

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Speaker 2: Now what's when I was doing the research on this,

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Speaker 2: Well was truly wild is how these three and their

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Speaker 2: relationships to cocaine it changed not just recreational drug use forever,

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Speaker 2: but also how you and I and we mister and

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Speaker 2: Missus America and all the ships to see how we

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Speaker 2: think about ourselves and others? Oh yeah, did you know

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Speaker 2: that we can blame cocaine for the rise of Freudian

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Speaker 2: analysis and talk therapy? What?

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Speaker 6: Okay?

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Speaker 2: This is Ridiculous Crime, a podcast about absurd and outrageous capers, heists,

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Speaker 2: and cons. It's always ninety nine percent murder free and

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Speaker 2: one hundred percent ridiculous.

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Speaker 3: You are correct, Elizabeth Zaren, all.

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Speaker 2: Right, for reasons that make perfect sense. When we've discussed

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Speaker 2: cocaine comes up a lot in the show.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, I guess.

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Speaker 2: It's often of a ridiculous crime is because it inspires

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Speaker 2: ridiculous egos.

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Speaker 3: It's just fuels ridiculous crimes. It's a subject as a

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Speaker 3: target of crimes.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, it's both a motivator and the target. Yeah yeah,

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Speaker 2: So why did we start sniffing that demon white pattern.

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Speaker 2: I'm gonna tell you. They simply put the reason why

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Speaker 2: people do coke recreationally. It comes down to three names

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Speaker 2: that you know, you already know these folks, Sigmund Freud,

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Speaker 2: Coca Cola, and Sherlock Holms. Charlotte Okay said, like I said,

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Speaker 2: two brands and a man.

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Speaker 3: Okay, let's start with a brand, a man, and a

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Speaker 3: fictional man.

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Speaker 2: Sure, but Charlotte Colmes at this point is a brand. Okay,

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Speaker 2: I'm stretching it.

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Speaker 3: Well, then two brands and okay this, No, I.

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Speaker 2: Got it, a brand, a man and a fictional man.

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Speaker 3: Okay, I like it better.

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Speaker 2: Okay, I'll start with the first one. Up coke as

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Speaker 2: in Coca cola. Let's separate the fact from the fiction,

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Speaker 2: legend from the myth and uh also the coke from

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Speaker 2: the Kuba lever Now, Elizabeth, you ever heard of the

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Speaker 2: drink von Matriani?

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Speaker 3: No?

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Speaker 2: You ever heard of Queen Victoria? Not the cruise ship

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Speaker 2: the woman?

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Speaker 3: Yeah, okay, we go way back.

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Speaker 2: What about Thomas Edison?

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Speaker 3: I know of him?

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Speaker 2: Ulysses S. Grant, Yes, you like to read? Yes, you

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Speaker 2: like the playwright Heinri Gibson. Yes, what about Jules Verne?

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Speaker 3: Yes?

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Speaker 2: Okay, you're also a former Catholic. So you ever heard

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Speaker 2: of Pope Leo the thirteenth?

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Speaker 3: Yes?

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Speaker 2: Can you guess what all of these folks have.

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Speaker 3: Little sniffers?

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Speaker 2: No, they all publicly exclaimed the virtues of drinking red

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Speaker 2: wine laced with cocaine. Oh god, yeah, the Holy Roman Father,

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Speaker 2: Pope Leo the thirteenth. He was a particularly big fan.

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Speaker 2: He said that Juan Marianni, the brand name for Cocaine

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Speaker 2: red wine, was perfect for those times when quote, when

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Speaker 2: prayer was insufficient.

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Speaker 3: Wait, okay, stop, okay, So he just still sprinkle me,

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Speaker 3: sprinkle me into the red wine.

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Speaker 2: And he's like, Jesus makes better wine.

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Speaker 3: Is like this, this is I can do anything now.

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Speaker 2: Yeah exactly.

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Speaker 3: He's like, this is a nightmare.

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Speaker 2: So what about old Tommy Edison. He was also a

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Speaker 2: big fan of cocaine wine. He was like, look, the

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Speaker 2: electric lightbel ain't gonna invent itself. Daddy needs his cocaine wine.

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Speaker 3: Cocaine I'm not. I'm not familiar with cocaine wine.

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Speaker 7: I know.

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Speaker 3: Again, that's terrifying.

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Speaker 2: Also another big fan former Civil War General US President

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Speaker 2: Ulysses As Grant. He was a vall merryani man as well.

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Speaker 2: Grant known to be a drinker. He at the end

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Speaker 2: of his life when he's writing his memoirs, he tasted

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Speaker 2: some of this cocaine lace wine. He's like, we're gonna

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Speaker 2: get a barrel of this stuff.

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Speaker 3: And it was always red wine. Doesn't you think it

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Speaker 3: would make sense to put it in white wine.

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Speaker 2: Uh, if you were right, Yeah, if you're dumping like

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Speaker 2: just straight powdered.

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Speaker 3: And also just the vibe of a buttery shard.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, smooth buttery shard. So you have all these incredible endorsements, right,

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Speaker 2: You got luminaries, queens, popes, writers, actresses like Sarah Barnhardt,

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Speaker 2: the big actress of the nineteenth century. Ers, you know,

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Speaker 2: war heroes. Everybody is saying, you gotta dry this cocaine wine.

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Speaker 5: Right.

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Speaker 2: It becomes a publicity gold mine. And it also launched

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Speaker 2: a cocaine craze.

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Speaker 3: It was like the four Loco of the day exactly.

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Speaker 2: This was the first cocaine craze. It starts out based

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Speaker 2: on this one humble, little scientific journal paper. Right. So

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Speaker 2: back in eighteen fifty nine, there was this chemist, Friedrich Wohler,

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Speaker 2: and he isolated the active ingredient in the coca leaf. Now,

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Speaker 2: that same year, an Italian scientist Paolo Mantegayza, he wrote

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Speaker 2: a paper about this strange South American plant called cocaine.

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Speaker 2: It's isolate cocaine. He was astounded with the potential for medicines.

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Speaker 2: He's like, oh, you can do everything with this stuff.

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Speaker 2: It's amazing. Right, French chemist. He reads this Italian scientist

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Speaker 2: paper about the coca plant and all of his medicinal

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Speaker 2: properties gives him ideas. He thinks to himself, what if

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Speaker 2: what if I were to pour some of this coca

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Speaker 2: into my wine? Huh so, and that Elizabeth was the

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Speaker 2: invention of the French dish coca van No, no, it's

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Speaker 2: chicken heay? Whatever is is with his idea? What if

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Speaker 2: it dumps of this cocain too? My revant? He was

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Speaker 2: like that became the brainchild of the French chemist Angelo Marianni.

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Speaker 2: So for his new beverage, he selected a fine Bordeaux wine,

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Speaker 2: a smart red with an earthy nose, and he laced

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Speaker 2: it with six milligrams of coca leaf per ounce of wine.

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Speaker 2: Oh yes, per ounce?

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Speaker 6: What?

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Speaker 2: And thus von Marianni.

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Speaker 3: Was after himself. He's like, I can't feel my faith exactly, I.

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Speaker 2: Can't even is he is my tief? So it was

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Speaker 2: called technically, the official name was von Tolnique Marianni a

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Speaker 2: lacuca du perout okay right, So it was sold as

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Speaker 2: the DJ stif and appartif it was built as an

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Speaker 2: energy boosting tonic. It's just everything to anybody. Cocaine wines

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Speaker 2: were even sold as safe for French kids. Now do

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Speaker 2: you understand French kids were already drinking wine, So it's

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Speaker 2: just a cocaine that was new. So anyway, the year

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Speaker 2: at this point, we're in eighteen sixty three when he

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Speaker 2: invents his cocaine wine. So this new drink, which I said,

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Speaker 2: it's heavily marketed right around the world. Vall Marianni becomes

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Speaker 2: this huge hit. You've seen posters of von Marianni, big

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Speaker 2: now poke styled things. Yeah, most likely embtting you've seen

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Speaker 2: what Now the Queen of the British Empire, the head

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Speaker 2: of the Catholic Church, they're both saying coke wine is it?

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Speaker 2: So what do the people do? Everyone's like, oh, this

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Speaker 2: is amazing. Then medicine comes along. There's this wave of doctors.

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Speaker 2: They start singing the praise of cocaine wine. In the

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Speaker 2: journal Medical News. This was from eighteen ninety it reported

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Speaker 2: quote that no recognized medical preparation has received stronger endorsement

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Speaker 2: at the hands of the medical profession. So eventually America

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Speaker 2: gets his grubby little hands on medical cocaine and coke wine,

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Speaker 2: and you know, then we start doing we do best.

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Speaker 2: We turned it into big business. Yeah, so what it

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Speaker 2: first started out is snake oil, Like you know, the

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Speaker 2: base side. We talked about the ancient Chinese medicines in

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Speaker 2: the West. Eventually these turn into patent medicines, and these

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Speaker 2: patent medicine ingredients were later replaced with cocaine because they're like,

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Speaker 2: why do we got to put it in whiskey and

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Speaker 2: a bunch of sugar. We just put it into cocaine.

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Speaker 2: So then all of a sudden, boom, almost all the

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Speaker 2: patent medicines are cocaine and morphine are laudanum based.

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Speaker 4: Right.

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Speaker 2: Eventually this blossoms into a whole industry of health tonics

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Speaker 2: and vitality restoring elixirs and all that kind of stuff. Right,

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Speaker 2: many of these, as I said, if you drew huge

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Speaker 2: doses of cocaine, and so much so that when von

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Speaker 2: Marianni wanted to import his cocaine wine, he had to

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Speaker 2: up the amount of cocaine he put his wine. Yes, exactly.

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Speaker 2: So the thing about how Von Marianni was like how

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Speaker 2: why it was such a kick to the spirit, if

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Speaker 2: you will, was the cocaine would be metabolized by the wine. Okay,

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Speaker 2: you're ready for little chemistry.

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Speaker 3: Elizabeth always sciences and me, oh my god, love each other.

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Speaker 2: Two fingers in one glove.

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Speaker 3: I mean, I have not met a science class. I

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Speaker 3: couldn't fail.

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Speaker 2: So the active ingredient in red wine is ethanol. That's

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Speaker 2: a type of alcohol, right, So ethanol can also be

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Speaker 2: used as a solvent. So this solvent then can extract

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Speaker 2: what we think of as cocaine from the coca leaf, right,

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Speaker 2: and then it kind of will suspend the cocaine in

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Speaker 2: the red wine. So what that means is that when

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Speaker 2: you drink the von Marianni, the coca leaf and the

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Speaker 2: red wine, they create this new third chemical compound called

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Speaker 2: coca ethylene. This is informed in the liver as you

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Speaker 2: metabolize the coke wine. And this is what gave vall

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Speaker 2: Mariani it's powerful kick, this cocaine coc ethylene. It gives

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Speaker 2: also crazy euphoria inducing qualities. It's like cocaine and wine

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Speaker 2: formed a wonder twins like situation. Right. So unfortunately, and

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Speaker 2: I don't know sadly of who you say, if you

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Speaker 2: were a fan of vall Marianni, the inventor Angelo Marianni,

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Speaker 2: he made one big mistake. He forgot to pass on

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Speaker 2: his recipe to his descendants. So his coke wine fell

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Speaker 2: out of production as soon as he drops test his

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Speaker 2: secret of the cocaine wine went to his grave with him.

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Speaker 2: I do not know if he died of a heart attack.

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Speaker 2: Pro I have to I have to consort with my sources,

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Speaker 2: but I can't tell you right now. Interesting anyway, his

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Speaker 2: creation right it inspires the Americans. As I told you,

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Speaker 2: one American in particular, You're gonna turn this into a

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Speaker 2: great empire, a cocaine wine health tonic. This American, he

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Speaker 2: was a morphine junkie, a former Civil War veteran on

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Speaker 2: the losing side. His name John Pemberton. He creates Pemberton's

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Speaker 2: French Wine right now. The year at this point, we're

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Speaker 2: into eighteen eighty five. Now, Angela Marianne's I told you

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Speaker 2: the original formula for cocoa wine, he'd featured six milligrams

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Speaker 2: of cocaine per fluid ounce. But when you wanted to

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Speaker 2: costell to the Americans, he had to bump it up

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Speaker 2: to seven point two milligams per rounce. So Pemberton's just

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Speaker 2: like he's clocking right those same types of numbers.

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Speaker 3: I'll see you and raise you to nine.

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Speaker 2: He's like, that's not enough. I need a little some

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Speaker 2: extra to give a little more kick, a little more

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Speaker 2: pep in your steps. So he drops in colon nuts.

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Speaker 2: That's his big secret, So heavy cocaine and caffeine and

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Speaker 2: it's just euphoria. So he's now got a supercharged cocaine wine,

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Speaker 2: extra caffeine. He calls Pemberton's French Wine instant hit. Now.

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Speaker 2: A year later, the Atlanta town fathers a passed legislation

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Speaker 2: to make Atlanta Fulton County go dry the whole areas.

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Speaker 2: No liquor is being sold. So it's one of the

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Speaker 2: first prohibition laws. The South was way ahead of the

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Speaker 2: nation on this. No old Pemberton he has to immediately

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Speaker 2: eighty six the wine from his new drink. So what

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Speaker 2: does he do? He does it. He just says, I

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Speaker 2: got to hit on my hands. I I gotta like,

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Speaker 2: what am I gonna do? What I'm gonna do? He goes, ah,

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Speaker 2: I got it. I'll make a carbonated tonic. So he

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Speaker 2: makes this carbonated version of his cocaine wine and he

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Speaker 2: calls it coca cola.

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Speaker 4: Wow.

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Speaker 2: So that's the coca for the cocaine and the cola

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Speaker 2: for the cocaine wine part was now gone, and so

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Speaker 2: next comes new legislation, federal laws. Nineteen oh six, the

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Speaker 2: US Congress passes the Pure Food and Drug Act. Right,

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Speaker 2: This was because of all the patent medicines. People were

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Speaker 2: dropping dead from going blind, the limbs were falling off.

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Speaker 2: They're like, we gotta come up with a loss. That

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Speaker 2: they come up with basically the USDA's initial There's also

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Speaker 2: other factors. We'll talk about this later. Anyway, this was

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Speaker 2: basically a response to primarily muckraking journalists of the day.

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Speaker 2: They did all his work to expose the unsanitary conditions

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Speaker 2: and like the factory meat production places like the Chicago

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Speaker 2: meat factories think Upton singing players the jungle. Yeah, okay,

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Speaker 2: So that book was published in nineteen oh six. This

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Speaker 2: becomes huge trouble for Coca Cola when they now passed

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Speaker 2: laws in nineteen oh six for this Pure Food and

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Speaker 2: Drug Act. Because people are so horrified by this book,

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Speaker 2: they're like, we need new laws. Coca Cola's like, damn it,

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Speaker 2: our cocaine. Right, So then an even worse blow comes

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Speaker 2: in nineteen fourteen, cocaine has made fully illegal in the US.

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Speaker 2: So they're like, what are we going to do now?

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Speaker 2: Our whole product line is based on this. You can't

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Speaker 2: buy it without a doctor's prescription. We can't get all

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Speaker 2: of our customers doctor's prescriptions. Yeah, what are we going

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Speaker 2: to do? So they're like, well, we'll have to get

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Speaker 2: a doctor's note for the company. So this point, Coca

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Speaker 2: Cola had been enduring a decades long fight to secure

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Speaker 2: its supply of coca leaves. It was ready to fight

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Speaker 2: for its coca leaves. So they've been primarily importing them

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Speaker 2: from Peru, but they had been also experiencing all sorts

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Speaker 2: of crazy ideas. At one point, they decided they would

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Speaker 2: try to grow their own coca. So they went and

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Speaker 2: they bought up this land and they created these secret

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Speaker 2: coca farms in Hawaii.

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Speaker 3: Oh really Yeah, But.

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Speaker 2: They found that they were much better being a drinkmaker

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Speaker 2: than a coca farmer. So they're like, mix that right.

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Speaker 2: So then the cocaine prohibition said, say, and I tell

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Speaker 2: you cocaine, where's Coca Cola gonna get their So they

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Speaker 2: sound a new way to secure their coca supplier. They

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Speaker 2: sought out a new business partner, the US government at

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Speaker 2: the time. The President of Coca Cola was a man

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Speaker 2: named Asa Candler. He's also the first to change coke

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Speaker 2: secret formula. He took out the cocaine. He's the guy, right,

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Speaker 2: So in his place, he came up with decoconized coca leaves.

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Speaker 2: So yeah, the active part of the cocaine was taken out,

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Speaker 2: leaving only the flavor of the coca leaf. So he

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Speaker 2: works with legislators in Washington and aisen Kandler. He made

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Speaker 2: sure Coca Cola was exempted from any current prohibitions, any

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Speaker 2: future prohibitions, and Coca Cola's lobbying efforts payoff. New laws

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Speaker 2: are drafted, Coca Cola is exempted. There's a provise on

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Speaker 2: the law that allows the drink maker to use quote

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Speaker 2: decoconized coca leaves or preparations made therefrom or to any

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Speaker 2: other preparations of coca leaves that do not contain cocaine. So,

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Speaker 2: to this day, Coca Cola has the same supplier of

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Speaker 2: its decoconized coca leaves, Maywood Chemical Works in Maywood, New Jersey,

336
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Speaker 2: one of two companies that was grandfathered in under this law.

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Speaker 2: Still the taste of the coca coca, but just no cocaine,

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Speaker 2: No active ingredient to get you hot.

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Speaker 3: And so that's part of that like secret recipe.

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Speaker 2: Part of the secret recipe.

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Speaker 3: Yeah.

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Speaker 2: So this chump from the company may Would Chemicals. This

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Speaker 2: is they're located like ten miles from Manhattan. They're not

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Speaker 2: like I mean, they're in New Jersey. It's part of

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Speaker 2: like that New Jersey chemicy the corridor that I always

346
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Speaker 2: make fun of. But anyway, the company, it continues to

347
00:16:18,800 --> 00:16:22,240
Speaker 2: stay to legally import and process copious amounts of cocaine

348
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Speaker 2: and it's all sitting there in New Jersey in the Atlantic.

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Speaker 2: In two thousand and three, they reported on this Maywood

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Speaker 2: Chemical works. Uh huh at the time in two thousand

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Speaker 2: and three, they imported three hundred and eighty five thousand

352
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Speaker 2: pounds of coca leaf and.

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Speaker 3: The cocaine they take out. What do they do with that?

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Speaker 2: That would have been if they would have turned into cocaine,

355
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Speaker 2: that was about two hundred million dollars worth of cocaine.

356
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Speaker 3: That's what. So what do they do? Just flush it

357
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Speaker 3: down the twill?

358
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Speaker 2: They incinerate it. Apparently, that's that's the story.

359
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Speaker 3: So like the local Nerdwelt climbs.

360
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Speaker 2: I think they do it and like pressurize anyway. I

361
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Speaker 2: do not have an answer for how they get rid

362
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Speaker 2: of the cocaine that they isolate.

363
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Speaker 3: That's yeah.

364
00:16:58,040 --> 00:16:59,920
Speaker 2: But answer to your question of can you even taste

365
00:17:00,120 --> 00:17:03,760
Speaker 2: the cocaine Coca Cola, they say it's perceptible. They say

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Speaker 2: that it's very actually important flavor. And then when you

367
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Speaker 2: take it out, people are like this.

368
00:17:07,800 --> 00:17:10,240
Speaker 3: This is what is it tastes like? Isolated?

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Speaker 2: Yeah, I'm curious what wine cocaine tastes likes. That's your

370
00:17:13,680 --> 00:17:17,560
Speaker 2: cocaine wine. That's personally Yeah, that was the first cocaine crase.

371
00:17:17,640 --> 00:17:21,760
Speaker 2: Coca Cola popularized it, and so did Von Marianni. Now

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Speaker 2: let's peel back the curtain for the next big name

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Speaker 2: in cocaine segment, Freud. But first, well they can break Elizabeth.

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00:17:27,760 --> 00:17:29,480
Speaker 2: I know you need to cool down and we'll be back.

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Speaker 3: Into class cocaine wine.

376
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Speaker 2: All right, Elizabeth, Saron, we're back.

377
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Speaker 3: We're back.

378
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Speaker 2: Now. You may be wondering, Saron, we're talking.

379
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Speaker 3: Cocaine, Saron, we're talking cocaine.

380
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Speaker 2: Where is the crime? Yeah, where's you somehow have cocaine

381
00:18:00,920 --> 00:18:01,600
Speaker 2: but no crime?

382
00:18:01,960 --> 00:18:02,920
Speaker 3: How is that possible?

383
00:18:03,080 --> 00:18:05,399
Speaker 2: I'm like, fair enough, Elizabeth, that is a fair point.

384
00:18:06,080 --> 00:18:08,520
Speaker 2: The Coca Cola was able to change the laws, so

385
00:18:08,560 --> 00:18:11,880
Speaker 2: what they did was not illegal. So we've just barely missed. Yeah,

386
00:18:12,240 --> 00:18:14,600
Speaker 2: just throw it around it right. Well, so far there,

387
00:18:14,600 --> 00:18:17,560
Speaker 2: we've only been kind of ridiculous. For more ridiculousness, let's

388
00:18:17,560 --> 00:18:21,760
Speaker 2: talk Siggy Freud, father of the the ego, the super egos,

389
00:18:21,800 --> 00:18:25,479
Speaker 2: talk therapy, dream therapy aka Freudian analysis, the whole bit.

390
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Speaker 5: Right.

391
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Speaker 2: Freud, as it turns out, was a big time and

392
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Speaker 2: I mean huge cocaine.

393
00:18:28,880 --> 00:18:31,199
Speaker 3: Really, yes, I feel like I kind of knew that

394
00:18:31,480 --> 00:18:32,280
Speaker 3: you might have heard about.

395
00:18:32,280 --> 00:18:34,120
Speaker 2: It's like something you hear in the college dorm room,

396
00:18:34,119 --> 00:18:35,919
Speaker 2: Like you know sigmand Freud, you like cocaine, You know

397
00:18:36,200 --> 00:18:38,080
Speaker 2: the professor mentioned in class and they tell you have

398
00:18:38,200 --> 00:18:38,600
Speaker 2: the story.

399
00:18:38,680 --> 00:18:41,480
Speaker 3: Oh my god. It's like when someone takes a philosophy

400
00:18:41,520 --> 00:18:43,920
Speaker 3: class then you have to hear about maybe we're brain

401
00:18:44,040 --> 00:18:47,040
Speaker 3: in a jar. Get over it, dude, anyway, go ahead.

402
00:18:47,359 --> 00:18:51,399
Speaker 2: So Freud to frame it in modern terms, Freud was

403
00:18:51,400 --> 00:18:53,320
Speaker 2: the kind of cocide whould make Stevie Nick say.

404
00:18:53,240 --> 00:18:54,560
Speaker 3: Damn son, oh really?

405
00:18:54,600 --> 00:18:54,760
Speaker 4: Oh?

406
00:18:54,800 --> 00:18:57,440
Speaker 2: Froyd was the kind of coked whould make John Belushi nervous?

407
00:18:57,960 --> 00:19:00,920
Speaker 3: Did he have someone blow it up? As dude.

408
00:19:01,080 --> 00:19:03,200
Speaker 2: Well, not quite. He didn't get to there, but it

409
00:19:03,680 --> 00:19:06,840
Speaker 2: gets pretty the white witch, yo, Yeah, that's how she

410
00:19:06,960 --> 00:19:08,880
Speaker 2: got it. When she blew out her nose. He blew

411
00:19:08,960 --> 00:19:10,679
Speaker 2: out his nose too, we did. That's how much he

412
00:19:10,680 --> 00:19:14,359
Speaker 2: loved cocaine, just like Stevie Nicks. To see Sigmund Freud,

413
00:19:14,359 --> 00:19:17,840
Speaker 2: He's essentially why we have recreational cocaine. Really one man,

414
00:19:18,240 --> 00:19:20,960
Speaker 2: almost single handedly, Freud made cocaine a thing. He's like,

415
00:19:21,000 --> 00:19:25,120
Speaker 2: cocaine's a thing now thanks to Freud. But how how

416
00:19:25,160 --> 00:19:27,159
Speaker 2: did Freud do it? Elizabeth? Great question?

417
00:19:27,440 --> 00:19:27,920
Speaker 3: Thank you.

418
00:19:27,960 --> 00:19:30,119
Speaker 2: Now remember how I told you about that academic paper

419
00:19:30,160 --> 00:19:33,399
Speaker 2: about cocaine, the French chemist Angelo Marianni. He reads it

420
00:19:33,440 --> 00:19:34,720
Speaker 2: and he's like, well, he wasn't the only one to

421
00:19:34,760 --> 00:19:37,800
Speaker 2: read it. Not just cocaine wine spurned from that. Freud

422
00:19:37,800 --> 00:19:40,080
Speaker 2: also he peeped academic papers. He read that. When he

423
00:19:40,119 --> 00:19:42,359
Speaker 2: read others and a bunch of the medical minds, they

424
00:19:42,400 --> 00:19:44,320
Speaker 2: all were coming to cocaine and seeing potential.

425
00:19:44,320 --> 00:19:44,480
Speaker 7: Is it?

426
00:19:44,560 --> 00:19:46,960
Speaker 2: He was part of this early wave of adopters. So

427
00:19:47,400 --> 00:19:51,000
Speaker 2: who were these early coke lovers of academia? Elizabeth desperate,

428
00:19:51,440 --> 00:19:54,479
Speaker 2: You're just hot with the questions. I am I'm just loving. Well,

429
00:19:54,520 --> 00:19:56,879
Speaker 2: let's start with my man, Carl Caller. That's with a

430
00:19:56,960 --> 00:20:00,280
Speaker 2: K and see Carl K. Caller, right, he was a

431
00:20:00,320 --> 00:20:00,920
Speaker 2: twenty seven.

432
00:20:00,760 --> 00:20:04,160
Speaker 3: Year old with a K collar with a K. Please

433
00:20:04,160 --> 00:20:05,520
Speaker 3: don't let his middle name be Kevin.

434
00:20:06,240 --> 00:20:09,159
Speaker 2: No, no, he's a German. So when he decided to

435
00:20:09,160 --> 00:20:12,679
Speaker 2: experiment with cocaine compounds, who did he decide to experiment on, Elizabeth?

436
00:20:12,880 --> 00:20:13,960
Speaker 3: Monkeys himself.

437
00:20:15,320 --> 00:20:17,480
Speaker 2: He's like, I don't have money for monkeys. I got

438
00:20:17,600 --> 00:20:21,840
Speaker 2: money for Carl and some cocaine. He wanted to see

439
00:20:21,840 --> 00:20:24,240
Speaker 2: how cocaine worked as an anesthetic. That was the big

440
00:20:24,280 --> 00:20:26,880
Speaker 2: deal originally, right, So you know what that's used for now?

441
00:20:27,119 --> 00:20:30,199
Speaker 2: That was its original purpose. Yes, it remains so. And

442
00:20:30,280 --> 00:20:32,639
Speaker 2: so it's he and a colleague. They made up a

443
00:20:32,680 --> 00:20:35,320
Speaker 2: cocaine solution and then Coler loaded up his eyeballs with

444
00:20:35,359 --> 00:20:37,480
Speaker 2: the solution like eye dropper. He did like an eye

445
00:20:37,520 --> 00:20:40,480
Speaker 2: dropper thing there. So he found that it numbed his eyeballs,

446
00:20:40,600 --> 00:20:42,679
Speaker 2: like he totally worked as an anesthetic, right, and so

447
00:20:42,720 --> 00:20:45,240
Speaker 2: the tested he had his colleagues shoved pins into his eyeballs.

448
00:20:47,200 --> 00:20:49,560
Speaker 2: But Elizabeth, good news is he couldn't feel the pins

449
00:20:49,560 --> 00:20:53,359
Speaker 2: shoved into his eye when I'm imagining cocaine work.

450
00:20:53,560 --> 00:20:56,320
Speaker 3: I have this problem that when I see like footage

451
00:20:56,320 --> 00:21:00,680
Speaker 3: of someone getting hurt, or like someone describes something some

452
00:21:00,720 --> 00:21:04,960
Speaker 3: sort of injury toil, I imagine it like I get

453
00:21:05,000 --> 00:21:06,320
Speaker 3: like sharp pains in my legs.

454
00:21:06,359 --> 00:21:08,679
Speaker 2: I'm sorry, you're such an EmPATH. I know I'm afraid

455
00:21:08,720 --> 00:21:09,080
Speaker 2: to get that.

456
00:21:09,880 --> 00:21:11,560
Speaker 3: So like when you talk about that, I'm trying not

457
00:21:11,640 --> 00:21:14,040
Speaker 3: to imagine it, and I say all sorts of horrific

458
00:21:14,040 --> 00:21:17,960
Speaker 3: things because I had when I describe violent things, it's

459
00:21:18,000 --> 00:21:18,960
Speaker 3: a cartoon.

460
00:21:18,720 --> 00:21:20,760
Speaker 2: Yes, I've noticed that about you. Cartoonized.

461
00:21:20,800 --> 00:21:22,560
Speaker 3: But like, especially like if I see one of those

462
00:21:22,640 --> 00:21:24,679
Speaker 3: videos where like someone jumps a bike off something and

463
00:21:24,680 --> 00:21:27,919
Speaker 3: then slams into a wall, I get like sharp pains

464
00:21:27,920 --> 00:21:28,480
Speaker 3: in my legs.

465
00:21:28,880 --> 00:21:33,240
Speaker 2: Is that I think you're very empathetic. You're basically feel

466
00:21:33,280 --> 00:21:35,560
Speaker 2: their pain in a sense, or at least your mirror

467
00:21:35,600 --> 00:21:38,600
Speaker 2: neurons imagine your mirror motor neurons go, oh, this is

468
00:21:38,640 --> 00:21:40,119
Speaker 2: what it would feel like, and then you experience.

469
00:21:40,160 --> 00:21:40,879
Speaker 3: I think I haven't so.

470
00:21:41,040 --> 00:21:43,280
Speaker 2: Kelly Slater learned to surf a bunch really well in

471
00:21:43,280 --> 00:21:45,520
Speaker 2: Florida's He watched all these videos and just thought about

472
00:21:45,520 --> 00:21:47,520
Speaker 2: what they would do. And just wastely worked his muscles

473
00:21:47,560 --> 00:21:48,480
Speaker 2: on other people's waves.

474
00:21:48,560 --> 00:21:50,760
Speaker 3: Huh, well, I just think I have like an excess

475
00:21:51,160 --> 00:21:53,520
Speaker 3: quantity of woosy in my body.

476
00:21:53,680 --> 00:21:54,880
Speaker 2: I don't want to teach you about it.

477
00:21:54,840 --> 00:21:56,639
Speaker 3: But you know, I'm embarrassed by No, you.

478
00:21:56,600 --> 00:21:58,719
Speaker 2: Shouldn't be embarrassed. It's a good quality. And that is, honestly,

479
00:21:58,760 --> 00:22:00,800
Speaker 2: how we became such a great spece is our ability

480
00:22:00,840 --> 00:22:02,040
Speaker 2: to feel and to learn from.

481
00:22:01,960 --> 00:22:03,800
Speaker 3: Other except for if you have cocaine in your eyes

482
00:22:03,840 --> 00:22:05,520
Speaker 3: and you can't feel exactly.

483
00:22:06,080 --> 00:22:09,359
Speaker 2: This was as a good transition to Elizabeth. Huge news

484
00:22:09,359 --> 00:22:12,720
Speaker 2: for surgeons. We can now knock out. This is basically

485
00:22:12,800 --> 00:22:14,240
Speaker 2: the first use of local antisset.

486
00:22:14,400 --> 00:22:17,040
Speaker 3: I've had eye surgery. By the way, I wish they

487
00:22:17,080 --> 00:22:21,040
Speaker 3: would have done this. I've don't want to It would

488
00:22:21,080 --> 00:22:22,879
Speaker 3: have been better than what I had going on.

489
00:22:23,040 --> 00:22:26,879
Speaker 2: Yeah, well, this is how an alley with a brick

490
00:22:27,760 --> 00:22:31,920
Speaker 2: anesthetic was a brick anyway, you can numb an area

491
00:22:31,920 --> 00:22:33,560
Speaker 2: of the body without putting a person all the way under.

492
00:22:33,600 --> 00:22:36,080
Speaker 2: That's the genius of local anesthetic because people still die

493
00:22:36,160 --> 00:22:38,439
Speaker 2: from going under, so there's a dangerous So if you

494
00:22:38,440 --> 00:22:40,680
Speaker 2: have cocaine, you're like, oh, this helps us. This is great. Right,

495
00:22:40,760 --> 00:22:44,280
Speaker 2: So before Coke met Kohler's eyeballs, doctors had to rely

496
00:22:44,359 --> 00:22:48,719
Speaker 2: on chloroform. Ether it's kind of like clumsier versions. So

497
00:22:48,720 --> 00:22:51,160
Speaker 2: soon enough medical profession they love it. They start saying

498
00:22:51,160 --> 00:22:53,680
Speaker 2: in the praises of cocaine, it's all over academia. But

499
00:22:53,840 --> 00:22:56,000
Speaker 2: the public doesn't know about this. They're not up on

500
00:22:56,040 --> 00:23:01,000
Speaker 2: the latest anesthetics. So Robert Bartholow you wrote in eighteen

501
00:23:01,080 --> 00:23:03,960
Speaker 2: ninety one about how it spread through medicine. Quote, no

502
00:23:04,000 --> 00:23:06,280
Speaker 2: remedy in modern times, probably in any age of the world,

503
00:23:06,280 --> 00:23:08,920
Speaker 2: has become so famous since so short a time as cocaine,

504
00:23:09,040 --> 00:23:11,199
Speaker 2: and no remedy has so soon been subjected to the

505
00:23:11,240 --> 00:23:16,600
Speaker 2: test of physiological experiment and clinical observation. Right, cocine is

506
00:23:16,680 --> 00:23:18,960
Speaker 2: it now? Let's not get it twisted though, right as

507
00:23:19,080 --> 00:23:22,840
Speaker 2: Europeans didn't discover cocaine, not anymore than they discovered the Americas.

508
00:23:23,080 --> 00:23:25,879
Speaker 2: Because in South American societies and cultures, cocaine was a

509
00:23:25,920 --> 00:23:28,400
Speaker 2: staple crop. It was revered as a gift from the gods.

510
00:23:28,720 --> 00:23:31,160
Speaker 2: It was praised for its medicinal properties. It was very

511
00:23:31,160 --> 00:23:33,520
Speaker 2: well known, but it was not used recreationally.

512
00:23:33,640 --> 00:23:34,800
Speaker 3: No, didn't they chew on it?

513
00:23:34,800 --> 00:23:37,480
Speaker 2: From on the lea. Yeah, when they wanted to stamina energy,

514
00:23:37,560 --> 00:23:40,200
Speaker 2: long hikes on hunts. You know, it was used as

515
00:23:40,240 --> 00:23:42,240
Speaker 2: a performance enhancing drug essentially.

516
00:23:42,320 --> 00:23:42,639
Speaker 3: Yeah.

517
00:23:42,760 --> 00:23:44,879
Speaker 2: No, it was the Europeans who turned cocin into a

518
00:23:44,960 --> 00:23:47,960
Speaker 2: recreational drug, just sitting around getting high on a couch. Right.

519
00:23:48,359 --> 00:23:50,880
Speaker 2: So in the nineteenth century European scientists they got really

520
00:23:50,880 --> 00:23:53,520
Speaker 2: good at isolating the active ingredients of plants. So in

521
00:23:53,560 --> 00:23:55,960
Speaker 2: eighteen oh three it started with morphine. They had isolated

522
00:23:55,960 --> 00:23:58,119
Speaker 2: it from opium or so from the poppy plant. And

523
00:23:58,119 --> 00:24:01,760
Speaker 2: then eighteen twenty along comes caffeine. In quinine, they're isolated,

524
00:24:01,880 --> 00:24:05,520
Speaker 2: very important, especially quinine from malaria. In eighteen twenty eight

525
00:24:07,960 --> 00:24:11,840
Speaker 2: virgina tonics. Eighteen twenty eight, nicotine is isolated. And so

526
00:24:11,880 --> 00:24:13,879
Speaker 2: then when you start making a lot of pesticides out

527
00:24:13,880 --> 00:24:16,480
Speaker 2: in nicotine, oh yeah, that's in eighteen fifty nine science

528
00:24:16,520 --> 00:24:19,400
Speaker 2: isolates the active ingredient from coca leaves. And so then

529
00:24:19,400 --> 00:24:21,879
Speaker 2: I told you that same year Paulo Manka is that

530
00:24:21,880 --> 00:24:24,960
Speaker 2: he writes his paper examining the properties of cocaine, launching

531
00:24:25,000 --> 00:24:28,560
Speaker 2: off all the cocaine wine. But he also, as I said,

532
00:24:28,600 --> 00:24:32,560
Speaker 2: inspired all these medical people. Right, So in his experiments.

533
00:24:32,600 --> 00:24:35,080
Speaker 2: He documented the experiments, and he wrote in his documentary

534
00:24:35,160 --> 00:24:37,879
Speaker 2: quote God is unjust because he made man incapable of

535
00:24:37,920 --> 00:24:41,080
Speaker 2: sustaining the effects of coca all life long. I would

536
00:24:41,200 --> 00:24:44,200
Speaker 2: rather live a life of ten with coca than one

537
00:24:44,200 --> 00:24:46,520
Speaker 2: of one hundred one thousand without it.

538
00:24:46,800 --> 00:24:47,280
Speaker 3: Wow.

539
00:24:47,320 --> 00:24:50,440
Speaker 2: These people are like they are looked, yes, exactly now,

540
00:24:51,560 --> 00:24:54,200
Speaker 2: like they're just about it right, Like Mary and Barry

541
00:24:54,200 --> 00:24:56,240
Speaker 2: would be like, man, you need to calm down, like

542
00:24:56,359 --> 00:24:58,480
Speaker 2: real though, So that first paper would not only spy,

543
00:24:58,480 --> 00:25:00,080
Speaker 2: as I said, the French chemist to make cocoine, but

544
00:25:00,119 --> 00:25:03,000
Speaker 2: also inspired the Viennes medical student looking for a path

545
00:25:03,040 --> 00:25:07,280
Speaker 2: to wealth and fame akas Ziggy Freud. Now, but at first, Elizabeth,

546
00:25:07,400 --> 00:25:10,240
Speaker 2: I one more doc for you. Enter William Halstead. You

547
00:25:10,280 --> 00:25:14,680
Speaker 2: know who William Halstead is. He's the fatherner of modern surgery. Okay, right,

548
00:25:14,720 --> 00:25:16,520
Speaker 2: so he's like it all basically traces back to him

549
00:25:16,520 --> 00:25:18,680
Speaker 2: and his like ideas about like what if we put

550
00:25:18,760 --> 00:25:20,440
Speaker 2: him under what if we like wash your hand?

551
00:25:20,480 --> 00:25:24,280
Speaker 3: And I'm sure you love him because you love surgery websites.

552
00:25:24,320 --> 00:25:24,560
Speaker 2: I do.

553
00:25:24,760 --> 00:25:26,280
Speaker 3: This is a lot of times when you come in

554
00:25:26,320 --> 00:25:29,840
Speaker 3: here to headquarters and you'll be giggling and you'll say

555
00:25:29,840 --> 00:25:31,479
Speaker 3: look at this, and you'll show me something, and then

556
00:25:31,520 --> 00:25:34,520
Speaker 3: my legs.

557
00:25:35,160 --> 00:25:39,240
Speaker 2: It goes back in the body of like he's been degloved.

558
00:25:39,240 --> 00:25:43,639
Speaker 2: But they get it all back on anyway, my man,

559
00:25:44,160 --> 00:25:47,240
Speaker 2: he was, as he said, father modern surgery. He also

560
00:25:47,320 --> 00:25:49,800
Speaker 2: goes all in on cocaine and the anesthetic properties of

561
00:25:49,800 --> 00:25:51,920
Speaker 2: cocaine because as a surgeon, this is huge for him, right.

562
00:25:52,000 --> 00:25:54,479
Speaker 2: So the problem though for him was cocaine messed him

563
00:25:54,520 --> 00:25:57,159
Speaker 2: up like he was an eighties pop star. Halstead he's

564
00:25:57,160 --> 00:25:58,679
Speaker 2: working in New York at the time as a surgeon.

565
00:25:58,720 --> 00:26:00,960
Speaker 2: But then he starts doing too much stuff experimentation like

566
00:26:01,000 --> 00:26:03,159
Speaker 2: all the others, and he starts not showing up at

567
00:26:03,200 --> 00:26:05,680
Speaker 2: work at the hospital. He starts to fail to show

568
00:26:05,720 --> 00:26:09,240
Speaker 2: up for teen exactly. He gets so bad that one

569
00:26:09,320 --> 00:26:11,159
Speaker 2: day he shows up for work as a surgeon in

570
00:26:11,200 --> 00:26:13,560
Speaker 2: a busy New York hospital, lots of people. Everyone's like,

571
00:26:13,600 --> 00:26:15,879
Speaker 2: oh frantic, there's blood on the floor. He's coked up

572
00:26:15,920 --> 00:26:18,200
Speaker 2: to the gills. He tries to operate, he can't trust

573
00:26:18,200 --> 00:26:21,119
Speaker 2: his surgeon's hands. He backs away from the patient right

574
00:26:21,200 --> 00:26:24,960
Speaker 2: and he says, I can't operate. He then son he

575
00:26:27,160 --> 00:26:29,440
Speaker 2: walks out of the operation theater. He goes home and

576
00:26:29,480 --> 00:26:30,960
Speaker 2: he's like, I need to do more cocaine about it.

577
00:26:31,000 --> 00:26:31,639
Speaker 2: This is terrible.

578
00:26:32,320 --> 00:26:33,199
Speaker 3: Get that'll fix it.

579
00:26:33,280 --> 00:26:35,800
Speaker 2: He then spends the next seven months in alone in

580
00:26:35,840 --> 00:26:38,520
Speaker 2: his apartment getting high on his miracle drug.

581
00:26:38,800 --> 00:26:39,280
Speaker 3: Oh my god.

582
00:26:39,359 --> 00:26:41,080
Speaker 2: Yeah. Finally, in eighteen eighty six, Ill said's like, I

583
00:26:41,119 --> 00:26:44,040
Speaker 2: think I have a problem. He checks into Butler Hospital.

584
00:26:44,080 --> 00:26:47,560
Speaker 2: It's good for him, producer Dave's hometown of Providence, Rhode Island.

585
00:26:48,359 --> 00:26:50,840
Speaker 2: So he got treated for cocaine addiction, you know, and

586
00:26:50,880 --> 00:26:53,840
Speaker 2: so he gets released. But unfortunately he was not able

587
00:26:53,880 --> 00:26:55,760
Speaker 2: to get that monkey off his back. He went on

588
00:26:55,840 --> 00:26:59,080
Speaker 2: to become a professor at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,

589
00:26:59,119 --> 00:27:02,040
Speaker 2: teaching all these new doctors what he's created, these new

590
00:27:02,119 --> 00:27:04,480
Speaker 2: ways of surgery. And while he's doing this, he's also

591
00:27:04,520 --> 00:27:05,240
Speaker 2: blowing rails of.

592
00:27:05,240 --> 00:27:09,280
Speaker 3: Coke, Like while he's teaching class. I like to imagine that.

593
00:27:09,280 --> 00:27:12,400
Speaker 2: This is Chuck. Don't worry about it, Chuck so Halsted.

594
00:27:12,440 --> 00:27:14,160
Speaker 2: He's never able to get free of the cocaine monkey

595
00:27:14,160 --> 00:27:16,119
Speaker 2: on his back. He was just one of the early

596
00:27:16,359 --> 00:27:19,320
Speaker 2: cautionary tales now of the hour.

597
00:27:19,520 --> 00:27:21,960
Speaker 3: He I mean, he got his life back together though.

598
00:27:22,359 --> 00:27:24,320
Speaker 2: Yeah, he was able to get his career back together.

599
00:27:24,640 --> 00:27:26,480
Speaker 2: That was about it. Everything else kind of Feld to this.

600
00:27:26,880 --> 00:27:28,879
Speaker 2: It was a rough one for old Uh yeah, Halsted,

601
00:27:29,320 --> 00:27:31,760
Speaker 2: Now are man of the hour. Zicky Freud the godfather

602
00:27:31,840 --> 00:27:34,639
Speaker 2: of recreational cocaine. Now I'm not being facetious when I

603
00:27:34,640 --> 00:27:37,639
Speaker 2: say this, Elizabeth, Yes, sorry to god. Dominick straight failed

604
00:27:37,880 --> 00:27:41,760
Speaker 2: the author of Cocaine, an unauthorized biography. He's the guy

605
00:27:41,800 --> 00:27:44,840
Speaker 2: who literally wrote the book on cocaine. Literally, so anyway,

606
00:27:44,880 --> 00:27:46,719
Speaker 2: he wrote this his book Cocaine quote that if there

607
00:27:46,760 --> 00:27:48,639
Speaker 2: is one person who could be held responsible for the

608
00:27:48,680 --> 00:27:51,879
Speaker 2: emergence of cocaine as a recreational pharmaceutical, it was Freud.

609
00:27:52,440 --> 00:27:55,080
Speaker 2: It's not just me. It's also straight film anyway. As

610
00:27:55,080 --> 00:27:57,800
Speaker 2: I know, earlier, all the time cocaine was still legal.

611
00:27:57,880 --> 00:27:59,719
Speaker 2: So this is we're in a legal phase right at

612
00:27:59,720 --> 00:28:01,800
Speaker 2: the time. I'm Freud and his coke had medical buddies.

613
00:28:01,880 --> 00:28:05,920
Speaker 2: They're doing legal, pharmaceutical grade cocaine, not street cut stuff.

614
00:28:05,960 --> 00:28:09,240
Speaker 2: They're just doing like straight from like the pharmacists right now,

615
00:28:09,280 --> 00:28:10,960
Speaker 2: if you can believe it, Freud first started doing coke

616
00:28:11,040 --> 00:28:14,320
Speaker 2: to treat nasal lesions. He had these sores in his

617
00:28:14,400 --> 00:28:16,280
Speaker 2: nose and he found the cocaine numb the pain.

618
00:28:16,400 --> 00:28:18,320
Speaker 3: Why did he have so he.

619
00:28:18,320 --> 00:28:20,320
Speaker 2: Didn't tell me, and then he noticed it. It made

620
00:28:20,400 --> 00:28:22,320
Speaker 2: him feel really good, like really good.

621
00:28:23,080 --> 00:28:24,680
Speaker 3: He's like, all these ideas.

622
00:28:26,119 --> 00:28:27,840
Speaker 2: To keep doing that, right, So I think Freud would

623
00:28:27,840 --> 00:28:30,800
Speaker 2: agree that cocaine is likely the favorite drug of the ego. Yeah,

624
00:28:30,880 --> 00:28:32,880
Speaker 2: So anyway, he orders up some of the more cocaine.

625
00:28:32,880 --> 00:28:35,239
Speaker 2: He starts to experiment on himself, because that's just what

626
00:28:35,280 --> 00:28:38,800
Speaker 2: you do. He receives his first delivery from quote Angels Pharmacy.

627
00:28:38,920 --> 00:28:41,080
Speaker 2: That's what's the spot. The year is eighteen eighty four,

628
00:28:41,160 --> 00:28:43,680
Speaker 2: one year of cocaine. Later, in eighteen eighty five, Freud

629
00:28:43,840 --> 00:28:45,920
Speaker 2: ready to go public with his new love. He's like,

630
00:28:45,960 --> 00:28:48,640
Speaker 2: let's make this Facebook official. So he wrote a medical

631
00:28:48,680 --> 00:28:52,120
Speaker 2: treatise called uber Coca. All right, just right to the

632
00:28:52,160 --> 00:28:57,240
Speaker 2: point you described everything quote was the most gorgeous excitement.

633
00:28:57,640 --> 00:29:00,440
Speaker 2: He also wrote the quote if fun works intensive while

634
00:29:00,520 --> 00:29:02,760
Speaker 2: under the influence of coca, after three to five hours,

635
00:29:02,760 --> 00:29:04,720
Speaker 2: there is a decline in the feeling of well being,

636
00:29:04,720 --> 00:29:06,920
Speaker 2: and the further dose of coca is necessary in order

637
00:29:06,960 --> 00:29:10,480
Speaker 2: to ward off fatigue. Okay, so right, so Fredi discovered

638
00:29:10,520 --> 00:29:13,640
Speaker 2: what the users called the moors, right which is basically, oh,

639
00:29:13,640 --> 00:29:15,720
Speaker 2: I just want more code, right, But he argues that

640
00:29:15,760 --> 00:29:17,800
Speaker 2: this is not the case. He writes, quote, it seems

641
00:29:17,800 --> 00:29:19,800
Speaker 2: to me notimory that I discovered this in myself and

642
00:29:19,800 --> 00:29:22,320
Speaker 2: and other observers who are capable of judging such things.

643
00:29:22,360 --> 00:29:25,000
Speaker 2: At the first dose or even repeated doses of coca

644
00:29:25,040 --> 00:29:28,560
Speaker 2: produced no compulsive desire to use the stimulants. Further, on

645
00:29:28,640 --> 00:29:31,440
Speaker 2: the contrary, once he was a certain unmotivated aversion to

646
00:29:31,520 --> 00:29:34,400
Speaker 2: the substance, which is a total lie. I might keep

647
00:29:34,400 --> 00:29:36,400
Speaker 2: telling yourself that, Elizab, but you have to keep in

648
00:29:36,400 --> 00:29:38,480
Speaker 2: mind the time Freud was a young man. He was

649
00:29:38,520 --> 00:29:41,120
Speaker 2: one with a medical degree, but also he was importantly

650
00:29:41,160 --> 00:29:44,720
Speaker 2: Freud had a politically radical father. He had a big

651
00:29:44,760 --> 00:29:47,560
Speaker 2: shadow cast over him, and his father was ruining his

652
00:29:47,720 --> 00:29:51,680
Speaker 2: potential in a very conservative Vienna. Oh yeah, his professional

653
00:29:51,680 --> 00:29:53,160
Speaker 2: life was a nightmare thanks to Pops.

654
00:29:53,240 --> 00:29:53,440
Speaker 5: Right.

655
00:29:53,520 --> 00:29:56,000
Speaker 2: So Freud, he found the cocaine made all his worries

656
00:29:56,000 --> 00:29:59,000
Speaker 2: and anxieties go away, and thus he concluded the cocaine

657
00:29:59,000 --> 00:30:01,560
Speaker 2: would also be a perfect to give to morphine addicts.

658
00:30:02,000 --> 00:30:04,640
Speaker 2: So Freud first had learned about cocaine from a medical

659
00:30:04,720 --> 00:30:07,320
Speaker 2: journal called Therapeutic Gazette, so that's what kind of framed

660
00:30:07,360 --> 00:30:10,560
Speaker 2: his thinking. But the journal wasn't unbased science. This was

661
00:30:10,600 --> 00:30:13,360
Speaker 2: owned by a pharmaceutical company, Park Davis, which is now

662
00:30:13,400 --> 00:30:15,880
Speaker 2: a subsidiary offizer. Yeah, and anyway, as he started to

663
00:30:15,880 --> 00:30:18,320
Speaker 2: write about the joys of cocaine, the pharma company paid

664
00:30:18,320 --> 00:30:21,000
Speaker 2: Freud twenty four dollars to spread the good word of cocaine.

665
00:30:21,080 --> 00:30:24,600
Speaker 2: So now he's cocaine's poster boy, and it's pitch man. Anyway,

666
00:30:24,640 --> 00:30:26,920
Speaker 2: he goes on. Meanwhile, Fred, he starts to recommend it

667
00:30:26,960 --> 00:30:29,360
Speaker 2: to his colleagues at the university. He's recommending coke to

668
00:30:29,400 --> 00:30:31,840
Speaker 2: his friends, his family, people on the street. He even

669
00:30:31,840 --> 00:30:34,680
Speaker 2: told his fiance people, Yeah, you gotta try this cocaine.

670
00:30:34,680 --> 00:30:36,840
Speaker 2: Now I got some right here. Toll takes this. It say,

671
00:30:36,840 --> 00:30:39,040
Speaker 2: a good hand in my pocket. So Marta Burnet is

672
00:30:39,040 --> 00:30:41,120
Speaker 2: that's his fiance. He's writing to her these all these

673
00:30:41,200 --> 00:30:42,960
Speaker 2: letters because you know the time, you gotta write letters.

674
00:30:42,960 --> 00:30:46,640
Speaker 2: And in his letters just always cocaxed thish oh Man.

675
00:30:46,960 --> 00:30:49,680
Speaker 2: He's telling her like Freud relied on basically cocaine for

676
00:30:49,760 --> 00:30:53,320
Speaker 2: confidence and crucial moments, and he'd meet people he admired,

677
00:30:53,360 --> 00:30:55,800
Speaker 2: he'd want to impress him and well, Elizabeth, right than

678
00:30:55,800 --> 00:30:57,040
Speaker 2: me tell you about this. I'd like you to close

679
00:30:57,080 --> 00:31:00,320
Speaker 2: your eyes and to picture it as a close eighteen

680
00:31:00,360 --> 00:31:02,840
Speaker 2: eighty six on the continent Europe, to be exact. And

681
00:31:02,880 --> 00:31:04,640
Speaker 2: you are on a carriage ride, and this is a

682
00:31:04,680 --> 00:31:07,360
Speaker 2: delightful day. A soft greaze pushes the air around in

683
00:31:07,360 --> 00:31:10,080
Speaker 2: a fun, flirtatious way. The sound of the carriage wheels

684
00:31:10,080 --> 00:31:12,400
Speaker 2: and the horse hoofs is like a white noise machine.

685
00:31:12,440 --> 00:31:13,800
Speaker 2: That is, if you knew what one of those were.

686
00:31:13,880 --> 00:31:16,800
Speaker 2: You don't. It's the nineteenth century. They'd get to be invented. Anyway.

687
00:31:16,920 --> 00:31:19,320
Speaker 2: You're on this carriage ride, Elizabeth, with you as a

688
00:31:19,360 --> 00:31:22,480
Speaker 2: young Sigmund Freud, and you, Elizabeth, are tight with Freud.

689
00:31:22,520 --> 00:31:25,160
Speaker 2: I mean so tight because you are the cocaine monkey

690
00:31:25,160 --> 00:31:28,400
Speaker 2: on his back, not a literal cocaine money. No, no, no,

691
00:31:28,480 --> 00:31:30,040
Speaker 2: you were Freud's voice of addiction.

692
00:31:30,200 --> 00:31:31,400
Speaker 3: But I thought I was cocaine.

693
00:31:31,520 --> 00:31:33,880
Speaker 2: Yeah. No, you are the voice of Freud's voice of addiction.

694
00:31:34,240 --> 00:31:35,840
Speaker 2: At the moment you and the young doctor are on

695
00:31:35,880 --> 00:31:37,560
Speaker 2: your way to see his mentor and teacher of the

696
00:31:37,560 --> 00:31:41,640
Speaker 2: French psychiatrist Jean Martin Carco. Of course, you've you've been

697
00:31:41,640 --> 00:31:43,720
Speaker 2: there with Freud days earlier, when he wrote a letter

698
00:31:43,760 --> 00:31:46,120
Speaker 2: to his fiance, reading it aloud to him. So you

699
00:31:46,200 --> 00:31:48,840
Speaker 2: recall how he explained his excitement to his fiance, saying,

700
00:31:49,000 --> 00:31:51,440
Speaker 2: Chako has invited me, along with Ratchetti, to visit him

701
00:31:51,440 --> 00:31:53,920
Speaker 2: at his home tomorrow Tuesday, after dinner. Many people will

702
00:31:53,960 --> 00:31:56,680
Speaker 2: be in attendance. You can easily recall the mix of

703
00:31:56,680 --> 00:31:59,640
Speaker 2: trepidation and elation in Freud's reading voices. He continued to

704
00:31:59,640 --> 00:32:02,000
Speaker 2: read it his own letter before sending it off. I'm

705
00:32:02,040 --> 00:32:05,040
Speaker 2: sure you can imagine my apprehension mixed with curiosity and pride.

706
00:32:05,160 --> 00:32:08,040
Speaker 2: White gloves, white tie and even a new shirt, a

707
00:32:08,160 --> 00:32:10,280
Speaker 2: visit to the barber for what little hair I have left,

708
00:32:10,680 --> 00:32:13,840
Speaker 2: and a little cocaine to loosen my tongue. That last

709
00:32:13,880 --> 00:32:16,040
Speaker 2: part was, of course your idea. You whispered that into

710
00:32:16,040 --> 00:32:18,400
Speaker 2: Freud's ear, feeling a little nervous, Siggie, you should do

711
00:32:18,480 --> 00:32:20,960
Speaker 2: some coke about it. And now the big day has come,

712
00:32:21,000 --> 00:32:23,480
Speaker 2: and Freud does as you suggested then and again now

713
00:32:23,640 --> 00:32:25,920
Speaker 2: you suggest he danced with that white devil you love

714
00:32:26,000 --> 00:32:28,280
Speaker 2: to whisper chaos into his ears. And the thing is,

715
00:32:28,360 --> 00:32:31,680
Speaker 2: Freud listens to you, out comes his little container of cocaine,

716
00:32:31,720 --> 00:32:36,840
Speaker 2: and with two snorts, Freud feels that familiar cool sensation

717
00:32:37,000 --> 00:32:39,720
Speaker 2: run down his spine. Oh, that sweet devil cocaine, you

718
00:32:39,760 --> 00:32:42,360
Speaker 2: whisper in his ear. Freud relaxes into the seat of

719
00:32:42,400 --> 00:32:45,080
Speaker 2: his carriage as the sounds of horses and carriage wheels

720
00:32:45,120 --> 00:32:48,360
Speaker 2: pull him even closer to his mentor's house. You whisper

721
00:32:48,400 --> 00:32:51,560
Speaker 2: in his ear again. Freud listens a little more cocaine.

722
00:32:52,040 --> 00:32:55,200
Speaker 2: What a good idea, he thinks, you know, to give him,

723
00:32:55,280 --> 00:32:59,200
Speaker 2: you know, what a little ease from his worries. Oh,

724
00:32:59,320 --> 00:33:02,080
Speaker 2: another mile or two to go. We're almost there. But

725
00:33:02,160 --> 00:33:03,920
Speaker 2: maybe there's just another time, a little bit of time

726
00:33:03,960 --> 00:33:07,959
Speaker 2: for maybe another Freud stays busy, getting high as giraffe

727
00:33:07,960 --> 00:33:10,320
Speaker 2: eyebrows in this carriage. He's like Vienna's Rick Ross at

728
00:33:10,360 --> 00:33:12,760
Speaker 2: this point, right, and you, Elizabeth, are so happy for him,

729
00:33:12,800 --> 00:33:17,400
Speaker 2: because chaos rains. Finally, the carriage arrives at the destination.

730
00:33:18,120 --> 00:33:20,040
Speaker 2: Just before the footmot hops down from the back and

731
00:33:20,080 --> 00:33:24,040
Speaker 2: comes around and opens the doors. Freud tops off. You've

732
00:33:24,080 --> 00:33:27,240
Speaker 2: now convinced Freud to get completely suited before walking into

733
00:33:27,240 --> 00:33:29,800
Speaker 2: the home of his mentor. At this point, you laughably

734
00:33:29,840 --> 00:33:32,200
Speaker 2: imagine Freud mashing his teeth side to side as he

735
00:33:32,280 --> 00:33:35,720
Speaker 2: dominates the conversation. Freud coming off like a yiked out hunter,

736
00:33:35,800 --> 00:33:39,240
Speaker 2: s Thompson. The carriage doors swing open, the footman offers

737
00:33:39,240 --> 00:33:41,720
Speaker 2: a hand to Freud, and you, giddy with excitement, ride

738
00:33:41,760 --> 00:33:44,360
Speaker 2: on Freud's back as he takes his first unsteady step

739
00:33:44,400 --> 00:33:47,320
Speaker 2: out of the carriage, off to see his mentor. How

740
00:33:47,400 --> 00:33:49,120
Speaker 2: much did Freud love cocaina live?

741
00:33:49,240 --> 00:33:49,880
Speaker 3: Oh my god?

742
00:33:49,960 --> 00:33:51,719
Speaker 2: How much did he rely on her? To Calmas social

743
00:33:51,720 --> 00:33:54,600
Speaker 2: anxiety one his own words. In another letter with his Boo,

744
00:33:54,600 --> 00:33:57,120
Speaker 2: Freud confided how he'd been doing so much below at

745
00:33:57,120 --> 00:33:59,840
Speaker 2: the time that he could hardly sleep. He said, I

746
00:33:59,880 --> 00:34:01,840
Speaker 2: was offering from migraines, the third attack this week, by

747
00:34:01,840 --> 00:34:03,880
Speaker 2: the way, although I'm otherwise in excellent health. I took

748
00:34:03,880 --> 00:34:06,800
Speaker 2: some cocaine, watched the migraines vanish at once, went on

749
00:34:06,920 --> 00:34:09,440
Speaker 2: writing my paper as well as it let to professional Mendo.

750
00:34:09,800 --> 00:34:11,080
Speaker 2: But I was so wound up that I had to

751
00:34:11,080 --> 00:34:12,919
Speaker 2: go on working and writing and couldn't get to sleep

752
00:34:12,960 --> 00:34:15,520
Speaker 2: before four in the morning. But I find it hilarious

753
00:34:15,520 --> 00:34:18,080
Speaker 2: about Freud's letters that the good doctor somehow misses the

754
00:34:18,080 --> 00:34:20,400
Speaker 2: fact that maybe, just maybe, his miracle drug is the

755
00:34:20,440 --> 00:34:22,640
Speaker 2: problem for him. He keeps saying, no, this is everything,

756
00:34:22,640 --> 00:34:24,440
Speaker 2: it's the best everything. It's the other things. I don't

757
00:34:24,440 --> 00:34:27,520
Speaker 2: know that hay fever and allergies. So he's like he's

758
00:34:27,520 --> 00:34:30,120
Speaker 2: got Pandora's box, right, big shiny box, and he's now

759
00:34:30,200 --> 00:34:34,160
Speaker 2: dumped it over like cocaine on Don Henley's glass top table.

760
00:34:34,280 --> 00:34:37,279
Speaker 2: He's just this is awesome. Anyway. Well, let's take a

761
00:34:37,320 --> 00:34:40,279
Speaker 2: little break, Elizabeth, and after this I'll be back to

762
00:34:40,320 --> 00:34:43,319
Speaker 2: tell you how Freud may cocaine further the thing, not

763
00:34:43,400 --> 00:34:44,840
Speaker 2: just for himself but for everybody.

764
00:34:44,920 --> 00:35:06,840
Speaker 5: Oh no, Elizabeth, Oh Zaren.

765
00:35:07,160 --> 00:35:08,800
Speaker 2: Do you know how Freud came up with his idea

766
00:35:08,800 --> 00:35:12,360
Speaker 2: for talk therapy cocaine? I mean, think about it. It

767
00:35:12,400 --> 00:35:15,920
Speaker 2: makes perfect sense. Oh yeah, yeah, what is like to do?

768
00:35:16,360 --> 00:35:21,080
Speaker 2: Talk about themselves, their preoccupations, their fears, their worries. Right,

769
00:35:21,200 --> 00:35:24,080
Speaker 2: of course a koke would invent talk therapy. Yeah, it's right.

770
00:35:24,200 --> 00:35:25,040
Speaker 2: Why do we miss this?

771
00:35:25,239 --> 00:35:25,719
Speaker 3: Anyway?

772
00:35:26,719 --> 00:35:28,840
Speaker 2: We have a Freud coked up like Kerry Fisher in

773
00:35:28,880 --> 00:35:31,279
Speaker 2: her prime, and he's got all these rich Viennese folks

774
00:35:31,320 --> 00:35:33,239
Speaker 2: swinging by his office and he's like, you need to

775
00:35:33,280 --> 00:35:35,319
Speaker 2: just open up and talk. Let it happen. You know what,

776
00:35:35,440 --> 00:35:38,160
Speaker 2: just like you say whatever you're thinking. And so this

777
00:35:38,239 --> 00:35:41,040
Speaker 2: is how cocaine's first spreads amongst the elite, right him

778
00:35:41,080 --> 00:35:43,040
Speaker 2: telling everybody how great it is, and they're like, oh, man,

779
00:35:43,160 --> 00:35:45,239
Speaker 2: I do feel better, and I don't even care about

780
00:35:45,280 --> 00:35:47,960
Speaker 2: my mother or whatever it is that their concern is. Meanwhile,

781
00:35:48,000 --> 00:35:49,960
Speaker 2: remember I said Freud thought coke would be the perfect

782
00:35:49,960 --> 00:35:52,480
Speaker 2: thing to give to a morphine addict to treat the addiction,

783
00:35:53,480 --> 00:35:54,759
Speaker 2: which is like the worst idea I could think of

784
00:35:54,840 --> 00:35:57,080
Speaker 2: to give a morphine joy other than morphine is the

785
00:35:57,120 --> 00:36:01,520
Speaker 2: cocaine habit. Anyway, Enter Freud's buddy or van Fleischel Maxau.

786
00:36:02,040 --> 00:36:04,440
Speaker 2: He was the aforementioned morphine junkie. He was also a

787
00:36:04,480 --> 00:36:08,719
Speaker 2: medical cata physiologist. He'd suffered a catastrophic thumb injury while

788
00:36:08,760 --> 00:36:12,520
Speaker 2: dissecting a corpse. The wound resulted in an infection followed

789
00:36:12,520 --> 00:36:15,200
Speaker 2: by an amputation that left him with nerve pain. So

790
00:36:15,280 --> 00:36:18,000
Speaker 2: he treated that with morphine quickly developed one hell of

791
00:36:18,040 --> 00:36:20,319
Speaker 2: a habit. Freud thought he had an answer to his

792
00:36:20,320 --> 00:36:21,960
Speaker 2: friend's trouble. He's like, you knowed you to maybe do

793
00:36:22,040 --> 00:36:24,960
Speaker 2: some cocaine about it? Right, So he treated him. How

794
00:36:24,960 --> 00:36:27,719
Speaker 2: I use that term loosely with copious amounts of cocaine.

795
00:36:28,200 --> 00:36:31,040
Speaker 2: So what happens to his buddy Elizabeth? Oh god, you

796
00:36:31,160 --> 00:36:34,840
Speaker 2: know what happens. He developed a cocaine habit like nobody's business.

797
00:36:34,880 --> 00:36:37,399
Speaker 3: Yeah, he already has addiction issues, and.

798
00:36:37,360 --> 00:36:39,319
Speaker 2: Now he's got a supplier who's pushing it on him,

799
00:36:39,360 --> 00:36:40,520
Speaker 2: literally pushing it.

800
00:36:40,440 --> 00:36:41,640
Speaker 3: On Yeah, exactly.

801
00:36:41,800 --> 00:36:43,960
Speaker 2: And he starts doing so much coke he reaches toxic

802
00:36:44,040 --> 00:36:46,640
Speaker 2: levels in his body. Right, So Freud's therapy pland is

803
00:36:46,680 --> 00:36:48,920
Speaker 2: not working. His friend would eventually battle addiction for the

804
00:36:48,960 --> 00:36:50,520
Speaker 2: next seven years of his life until he died of

805
00:36:50,560 --> 00:36:52,279
Speaker 2: a premature death at age forty five.

806
00:36:52,360 --> 00:36:54,440
Speaker 3: Wag Freud, Yeah, nice one.

807
00:36:54,239 --> 00:36:56,720
Speaker 2: We're still was in. Freud, high on cocaine, became convinced

808
00:36:56,719 --> 00:36:58,600
Speaker 2: that his buddy, another buddy of his, a doctor, should

809
00:36:58,600 --> 00:37:01,520
Speaker 2: attempt a radical operation on one of his patients. You see,

810
00:37:01,719 --> 00:37:03,880
Speaker 2: his own nose, as I told you, have been severely congested,

811
00:37:03,960 --> 00:37:06,080
Speaker 2: just like Stevie Nicks. Now possibly you know from the

812
00:37:06,120 --> 00:37:08,880
Speaker 2: coke habit. So Freud undergone an operation where a doctor

813
00:37:09,000 --> 00:37:11,200
Speaker 2: sliced open one of his nostrils, cleared out all his

814
00:37:11,239 --> 00:37:13,719
Speaker 2: coke blockage and damage or whatever. And Freud thought that

815
00:37:13,760 --> 00:37:15,520
Speaker 2: his buddy could do the same thing on his patients.

816
00:37:15,520 --> 00:37:17,600
Speaker 2: He's like, yeah, just slice open her nose will be perfect.

817
00:37:17,640 --> 00:37:20,600
Speaker 2: Right oation gets botched, the woman suffers for the rest

818
00:37:20,600 --> 00:37:23,279
Speaker 2: of her life. Writes about this in his book The

819
00:37:23,320 --> 00:37:26,200
Speaker 2: Interpretation of Dreams, He records his own guilty dreams about

820
00:37:26,200 --> 00:37:29,359
Speaker 2: his patient Irma. The tragedy drives him to do way

821
00:37:29,400 --> 00:37:32,239
Speaker 2: more cocaine. I need to do cokebat it right. At

822
00:37:32,239 --> 00:37:33,800
Speaker 2: this point, he was doing so much coke. He was

823
00:37:33,840 --> 00:37:37,319
Speaker 2: experiencing regular chest pains, depression. He was doing so much

824
00:37:37,360 --> 00:37:40,919
Speaker 2: coke he nearly imploded his career, his marriage. He still

825
00:37:40,920 --> 00:37:42,919
Speaker 2: hadn't figured out that cocaine was to blame. He kept

826
00:37:42,920 --> 00:37:44,880
Speaker 2: thinking it might be something out. He can't be this

827
00:37:44,920 --> 00:37:47,120
Speaker 2: stuff that makes me feel awesome by that. He wouldn't

828
00:37:47,120 --> 00:37:49,680
Speaker 2: stop doing blow until eighteen ninety six, when his politically

829
00:37:49,760 --> 00:37:52,640
Speaker 2: radical father dropped dead. And you may recall that was

830
00:37:52,640 --> 00:37:55,840
Speaker 2: when he has original reason to start experimenting with his father.

831
00:37:56,200 --> 00:37:59,200
Speaker 2: His father dies. He quit the day after his father

832
00:37:59,280 --> 00:38:01,000
Speaker 2: was put in the ground. One day after his funeral,

833
00:38:01,080 --> 00:38:02,960
Speaker 2: He's like, I don't think I need cocaine anymore, you.

834
00:38:02,920 --> 00:38:04,600
Speaker 3: Know, I wonder what Freud would say about it.

835
00:38:04,680 --> 00:38:07,520
Speaker 2: I'm like, hey, tell me about your faza anyway. So

836
00:38:07,560 --> 00:38:10,080
Speaker 2: Freud he quits cocin eighteen ninety six. Later on, Freud

837
00:38:10,200 --> 00:38:13,719
Speaker 2: largely tried to bury his earlier enthusiasm, for he tried

838
00:38:13,719 --> 00:38:16,560
Speaker 2: to act like he'd never been Johnny cokeseed, we have

839
00:38:16,640 --> 00:38:18,600
Speaker 2: the receipts, right, it's there, right, So Freud he told

840
00:38:18,600 --> 00:38:20,839
Speaker 2: the whole world cocazette. Then he was like, no, never mind,

841
00:38:21,080 --> 00:38:22,799
Speaker 2: but people didn't hear that. Right. By that point it

842
00:38:22,800 --> 00:38:25,839
Speaker 2: had spread, right, Yeah, and uh, you know, even though

843
00:38:25,920 --> 00:38:28,360
Speaker 2: as I said, he quits, Pandora's box has been cracked

844
00:38:28,400 --> 00:38:30,319
Speaker 2: cracked up down. So now we have Coca Cola, we

845
00:38:30,320 --> 00:38:31,920
Speaker 2: have Freud. I told you one other one, who did

846
00:38:31,920 --> 00:38:36,319
Speaker 2: I say, Charlock Holmes. Well, Elizabeth, remember also I told

847
00:38:36,360 --> 00:38:39,319
Speaker 2: you cocaine was legal to the beginning of the twentieth century. Yeah,

848
00:38:39,400 --> 00:38:41,200
Speaker 2: this is very important to remember. So I'll get into

849
00:38:41,239 --> 00:38:45,640
Speaker 2: another story of another superfan of cocaine, Sherlock Holmes. Authors

850
00:38:45,960 --> 00:38:49,880
Speaker 2: Lester Grinspoon and James B. Bacalar, they co wrote a

851
00:38:49,920 --> 00:38:52,799
Speaker 2: book The Details the History of Cocaine, and they documented

852
00:38:52,880 --> 00:38:56,120
Speaker 2: its social evolution. Of course they got to Sherlock Holmes. Yeah,

853
00:38:56,160 --> 00:39:00,120
Speaker 2: because he loved that Bolivian marching powdery. As they wrote,

854
00:39:00,200 --> 00:39:02,960
Speaker 2: doctor Watson Doyle's narrator first mentions cocaine in The Sign

855
00:39:03,000 --> 00:39:04,759
Speaker 2: of the Flour, published in eighteen ninety. At that time,

856
00:39:04,840 --> 00:39:08,080
Speaker 2: Holmes was injecting a seven percent solution intravenously three times

857
00:39:08,080 --> 00:39:11,320
Speaker 2: a day, apparently a rather large dose, since Watson reports

858
00:39:11,320 --> 00:39:13,600
Speaker 2: asking when he saw Holmes with the needle whether it

859
00:39:13,640 --> 00:39:15,680
Speaker 2: was morphine or cocaine. Holmes seems to have had more

860
00:39:15,719 --> 00:39:17,880
Speaker 2: than one drug habit, but we have no more of

861
00:39:17,960 --> 00:39:20,560
Speaker 2: morphine from Watson. In the spirit of mock scholarship with

862
00:39:20,600 --> 00:39:23,239
Speaker 2: which Sirlock Holmes studies are conducted, we might guess that

863
00:39:23,239 --> 00:39:25,040
Speaker 2: Holmes is one of those addicts wo use cocaine to

864
00:39:25,120 --> 00:39:28,080
Speaker 2: withdraw from morphine and simply replace one drug with another.

865
00:39:28,239 --> 00:39:30,440
Speaker 2: Holmes admitted that cocaine was bad for him physically, but

866
00:39:30,480 --> 00:39:33,839
Speaker 2: found it transcendentally stimulating and clarifying to the mind. Now,

867
00:39:33,840 --> 00:39:36,280
Speaker 2: as the authors noted, Sherlock Holmes, he doesn't use cocaine

868
00:39:36,280 --> 00:39:39,080
Speaker 2: as a performance enhancing drug. He uses it to relax.

869
00:39:39,360 --> 00:39:42,200
Speaker 2: So again back to Greensman and Bacalar, they write that

870
00:39:42,239 --> 00:39:44,880
Speaker 2: Sherlock Holmes quote did not use it when working on

871
00:39:44,920 --> 00:39:46,960
Speaker 2: a case, but only did dispel boredom when he had

872
00:39:46,960 --> 00:39:49,319
Speaker 2: nothing to do. Now, it may surprise some folks to

873
00:39:49,400 --> 00:39:51,200
Speaker 2: learn that one of the great detectives of literature was

874
00:39:51,239 --> 00:39:53,880
Speaker 2: an out and out cocatine. Yeah, right, Does it surprise you?

875
00:39:53,920 --> 00:39:54,080
Speaker 3: No?

876
00:39:54,120 --> 00:39:56,000
Speaker 2: I mean, I mean you knew, right, I'd kind of

877
00:39:56,000 --> 00:39:56,359
Speaker 2: told you.

878
00:39:56,480 --> 00:39:57,319
Speaker 3: Well, no, I've read it.

879
00:39:57,360 --> 00:39:58,040
Speaker 2: You read a story.

880
00:39:58,120 --> 00:40:02,120
Speaker 3: And their references in some of the adaptations like the film.

881
00:40:02,000 --> 00:40:03,759
Speaker 2: Okay, yeah, some of the belts cover it. Yeah, but

882
00:40:03,800 --> 00:40:07,080
Speaker 2: they often gets dropped out. Yeah, anyway, to make their case,

883
00:40:07,080 --> 00:40:09,480
Speaker 2: the co authors, they documented all the appearances in all

884
00:40:09,480 --> 00:40:11,920
Speaker 2: of his books. And there's cocaine right from the first book,

885
00:40:11,960 --> 00:40:14,279
Speaker 2: all right. In a study in Scarlet, doctor Watson is

886
00:40:14,280 --> 00:40:17,160
Speaker 2: worried about his friend's co cabit, doesn't quite mention it

887
00:40:17,200 --> 00:40:19,680
Speaker 2: by name. It gets mentioned by name three years later

888
00:40:19,719 --> 00:40:22,640
Speaker 2: in the next book, The Sign of the Four, Watson

889
00:40:22,680 --> 00:40:26,239
Speaker 2: actually watches Holmes shoot up right, and he says, and

890
00:40:26,280 --> 00:40:28,439
Speaker 2: I quote Charlotte, Holmes took his bottle from the corner

891
00:40:28,440 --> 00:40:30,839
Speaker 2: of the mantelpiece and his hypodermic syringe from its neat

892
00:40:30,840 --> 00:40:34,719
Speaker 2: Morocco case. With his long, white, nervous fingers. He adjusted

893
00:40:34,719 --> 00:40:37,720
Speaker 2: the delicate needle, and rolled back his left shirt cuff.

894
00:40:38,120 --> 00:40:41,080
Speaker 2: For some little time, his eyes rested thoughtfully upon the

895
00:40:41,160 --> 00:40:45,560
Speaker 2: sinewy forearm and wrist, all dotted and scarred with innumerable

896
00:40:45,600 --> 00:40:50,120
Speaker 2: puncture marks. Finally, he thrust the sharp point home, pressed

897
00:40:50,160 --> 00:40:54,040
Speaker 2: down the tiny piston, and sank back into the velvet

898
00:40:54,080 --> 00:40:58,480
Speaker 2: lined armchair with a long sigh of satisfaction. Now to me,

899
00:40:58,520 --> 00:41:00,000
Speaker 2: that sounds like morphineus a cocaine.

900
00:41:00,040 --> 00:41:02,759
Speaker 3: I was realized in reading it and then seeing I

901
00:41:02,800 --> 00:41:05,120
Speaker 3: always thought it was that Holmes was supposed to be

902
00:41:05,440 --> 00:41:06,360
Speaker 3: a morphine addict.

903
00:41:06,520 --> 00:41:10,399
Speaker 2: Yeah, he speaks. Holmes specifically speaks to cocaine. He tells

904
00:41:10,400 --> 00:41:12,560
Speaker 2: the Good Doctor at one point, I suppose that it's

905
00:41:12,600 --> 00:41:14,920
Speaker 2: influence is physically a bad one. I find it, however,

906
00:41:15,080 --> 00:41:17,960
Speaker 2: so trendscendentally stimulating and clarifying to the mind, that its

907
00:41:17,960 --> 00:41:20,960
Speaker 2: secondary action is a matter of small moment. So he

908
00:41:21,000 --> 00:41:22,759
Speaker 2: basically says, I don't care, it makes you feel good. Yeah,

909
00:41:22,760 --> 00:41:27,840
Speaker 2: don't give me any So that's how the Great Detective

910
00:41:27,840 --> 00:41:30,840
Speaker 2: helped glamorize cocaine. He give it a patina of elegance

911
00:41:30,880 --> 00:41:34,319
Speaker 2: and sophistication similar to Freud right, but admittedly he didn't

912
00:41:34,360 --> 00:41:36,560
Speaker 2: have to worry about fetanol like the modern users do.

913
00:41:37,040 --> 00:41:39,200
Speaker 2: But even Victorian cocaine was still a no joke. It

914
00:41:39,239 --> 00:41:43,360
Speaker 2: was pharmaceutical great. But anyway, Elizabeth, you still may be wondering, Jaren,

915
00:41:43,440 --> 00:41:46,560
Speaker 2: where is the crime? You've kind of dogged. Yeah, it's

916
00:41:46,560 --> 00:41:49,520
Speaker 2: a fantastic question, Elizabeth to answer that. Let's bring it

917
00:41:49,560 --> 00:41:52,760
Speaker 2: back home to the US. Cocaine arrived in American soil

918
00:41:52,800 --> 00:41:55,120
Speaker 2: in eighteen eighty four as a medical supply. As I've

919
00:41:55,160 --> 00:41:56,960
Speaker 2: told you, right, it is mostly just with the doctors.

920
00:41:56,960 --> 00:41:59,480
Speaker 2: By then, who's being mass produced by European chemical companies

921
00:41:59,520 --> 00:42:03,160
Speaker 2: like Murk, And they're throwing it over this over the Atlantic, right,

922
00:42:03,200 --> 00:42:05,560
Speaker 2: this new wonder drug. It gets outlawed in its first

923
00:42:05,600 --> 00:42:08,399
Speaker 2: state three years later, in eighteen eighty seven, the state

924
00:42:08,440 --> 00:42:11,080
Speaker 2: of Oregon. At that point, all the new stories about

925
00:42:11,120 --> 00:42:14,080
Speaker 2: cocaine abuse were about doctors abusing it. So Oregon very

926
00:42:14,080 --> 00:42:16,719
Speaker 2: small state. They can't have their few doctors abusing it,

927
00:42:16,760 --> 00:42:19,160
Speaker 2: so they outlawed, Right, they're dipping into it. Two years later,

928
00:42:19,200 --> 00:42:23,200
Speaker 2: Montana outlawed cocaine without a prescription, So, just like Oregon,

929
00:42:23,200 --> 00:42:24,719
Speaker 2: it was more of an updated ban on their pre

930
00:42:24,800 --> 00:42:28,640
Speaker 2: existing laws against opium and morphine, which was a racist

931
00:42:28,640 --> 00:42:32,560
Speaker 2: preoccupation in the West because of Chinese laborers. Yeah, so Colorado.

932
00:42:32,760 --> 00:42:36,719
Speaker 3: Sorry, it feels like cocaine though, was probably not prescribed

933
00:42:36,880 --> 00:42:40,040
Speaker 3: for people to take away from the office. I think

934
00:42:40,080 --> 00:42:42,480
Speaker 3: it was it because it seems like if the doctors

935
00:42:42,480 --> 00:42:44,479
Speaker 3: are getting busted for it, it's something that is.

936
00:42:44,480 --> 00:42:47,279
Speaker 2: It's not being administered in the doctor's office. They were

937
00:42:47,320 --> 00:42:50,799
Speaker 2: being given various ways. There was like lozenges, there's gums,

938
00:42:51,000 --> 00:42:53,880
Speaker 2: there's there are shots that they're administering, but there's also powders.

939
00:42:53,920 --> 00:42:55,960
Speaker 2: There's a lot of different they're coming up. They don't

940
00:42:56,000 --> 00:42:57,600
Speaker 2: know how to best give it to people today.

941
00:42:57,680 --> 00:43:00,080
Speaker 3: Isn't it mostly used in dentistry.

942
00:42:59,640 --> 00:43:02,719
Speaker 2: Yeah, it's it's primarily an anesthetic cruised and dentistry in

943
00:43:02,760 --> 00:43:04,399
Speaker 2: the in the office. Yeah, and the users a little

944
00:43:04,480 --> 00:43:07,640
Speaker 2: tiny noodles thing. So Colorado, Illinois they soon follow suit.

945
00:43:07,680 --> 00:43:10,480
Speaker 2: They update their narcotics laws. This is primarily in response,

946
00:43:10,520 --> 00:43:13,560
Speaker 2: once again to abuse by doctors and pharmacists. Eighteen ninety three,

947
00:43:13,600 --> 00:43:15,440
Speaker 2: the state of New York first big state to do it.

948
00:43:15,480 --> 00:43:17,719
Speaker 2: They ban the use of cocaine without a doctor's note,

949
00:43:17,760 --> 00:43:21,960
Speaker 2: again to limit recreational cocaine abuse. Same thing doctor's pharmacist.

950
00:43:22,200 --> 00:43:24,680
Speaker 2: One month after cocaine had first rived in US, a

951
00:43:24,719 --> 00:43:27,440
Speaker 2: Connecticut doctor he'd created a new product. I remember you

952
00:43:27,440 --> 00:43:29,080
Speaker 2: were talking about they didn't know how to get cocaine

953
00:43:29,120 --> 00:43:31,359
Speaker 2: into the body the best way. So he decides, oh,

954
00:43:31,360 --> 00:43:33,600
Speaker 2: I mean, once again for medical purposes, He's going to

955
00:43:33,640 --> 00:43:36,280
Speaker 2: create some way to fight the common cold with cocaine.

956
00:43:36,320 --> 00:43:39,640
Speaker 2: So he grinds up menthol and cocaine and some milk

957
00:43:39,680 --> 00:43:42,120
Speaker 2: sugar and he sells this as a medical snuff.

958
00:43:42,200 --> 00:43:42,359
Speaker 5: Right.

959
00:43:42,480 --> 00:43:43,920
Speaker 2: It's just you can do the white powder and you

960
00:43:43,920 --> 00:43:46,319
Speaker 2: can just snort it. So he thought it would open

961
00:43:46,400 --> 00:43:48,439
Speaker 2: up the nostrils. What it did was create a quick

962
00:43:48,440 --> 00:43:51,480
Speaker 2: and easy way to recreationally do cocaine. Young folks love it.

963
00:43:51,520 --> 00:43:53,080
Speaker 2: They start calling it sniff and cocaine.

964
00:43:53,080 --> 00:43:53,200
Speaker 5: There.

965
00:43:53,280 --> 00:43:55,600
Speaker 2: You got to get that sniff and cocaine. It becomes

966
00:43:55,600 --> 00:43:58,000
Speaker 2: the new drug ad choice. Soon enough, there's news headlines

967
00:43:58,760 --> 00:44:02,120
Speaker 2: documenting this new moral panic. This headline's like boy slave

968
00:44:02,160 --> 00:44:04,640
Speaker 2: to cocaine or that was from the Chicago Tribune eighteen

969
00:44:04,719 --> 00:44:05,200
Speaker 2: ninety six.

970
00:44:05,440 --> 00:44:07,960
Speaker 3: This general mood, all these stories milk powdery you said,

971
00:44:08,160 --> 00:44:10,280
Speaker 3: milk sugar, milk sugar. Yeah, still it's interesting.

972
00:44:10,360 --> 00:44:12,600
Speaker 2: Yeah, does that make it sweet, not too sweet? Who'd

973
00:44:12,640 --> 00:44:14,920
Speaker 2: be really crystal? And it's kind of a flaky, dry sugar.

974
00:44:14,920 --> 00:44:15,120
Speaker 3: Okay.

975
00:44:15,280 --> 00:44:19,040
Speaker 2: Anyway, they're basically the stories. The moral panic is that

976
00:44:19,200 --> 00:44:22,040
Speaker 2: cocaine is fueling the white slave trade. That's what they think.

977
00:44:22,440 --> 00:44:24,640
Speaker 2: The white slave trade is being run on cocaine. That's

978
00:44:24,760 --> 00:44:27,279
Speaker 2: what this is the new story, say Elizabeth, All these

979
00:44:27,320 --> 00:44:29,440
Speaker 2: like white girls and boys are going into the big.

980
00:44:29,320 --> 00:44:30,920
Speaker 3: City and Jimmy and.

981
00:44:30,880 --> 00:44:33,800
Speaker 2: Then yeah, they're being like suckered into warehouses by people

982
00:44:33,800 --> 00:44:36,000
Speaker 2: with like cocaine. I don't know. These are the stories.

983
00:44:36,080 --> 00:44:39,480
Speaker 2: It becomes this consistent theme, right for two decades. In

984
00:44:39,560 --> 00:44:42,400
Speaker 2: nineteen twelve, the New York Tribune ran the headline Cocaine

985
00:44:42,480 --> 00:44:44,600
Speaker 2: an ally of the white slavers. It just they just

986
00:44:44,680 --> 00:44:47,120
Speaker 2: keep doing the same stories over and over again. Right

987
00:44:47,239 --> 00:44:50,359
Speaker 2: despite all these screaming headlines about lost white youth. Yea,

988
00:44:50,440 --> 00:44:53,239
Speaker 2: the moral panic never takes hold of people's imaginations and

989
00:44:53,680 --> 00:44:56,439
Speaker 2: nothing's really happening. The story starts to shift. In eighteen

990
00:44:56,520 --> 00:44:58,360
Speaker 2: ninety eight, a Chicago paper wrote a story about a

991
00:44:58,400 --> 00:45:00,520
Speaker 2: cocaine club where black people gathered in secret and they

992
00:45:00,520 --> 00:45:02,400
Speaker 2: blew rails of this new hip drug. And the paper

993
00:45:02,719 --> 00:45:05,520
Speaker 2: wrote and I quote yesterday, the following invitations were sent

994
00:45:05,560 --> 00:45:08,280
Speaker 2: to a number of prospective members. You are cordially invited

995
00:45:08,320 --> 00:45:10,920
Speaker 2: to attend a coke party given by the Colored Cocaine

996
00:45:10,920 --> 00:45:13,720
Speaker 2: Club at its hall on December twenty third at three pm.

997
00:45:14,000 --> 00:45:17,560
Speaker 2: There was a large attendance. An Ramsey, a depraved negress

998
00:45:17,640 --> 00:45:20,120
Speaker 2: who was known as the Queen of the Cocaine Fiends,

999
00:45:20,239 --> 00:45:22,799
Speaker 2: sniffed the drug up her nostrils until her nose was

1000
00:45:22,840 --> 00:45:26,040
Speaker 2: swollen and split open. She is the ruling spirit of

1001
00:45:26,080 --> 00:45:30,160
Speaker 2: these gatherings. So in these news stories right, setting aside

1002
00:45:30,200 --> 00:45:33,080
Speaker 2: the casual racism, coke was shown as the ruiner of people. Right,

1003
00:45:33,160 --> 00:45:35,480
Speaker 2: fears of black people doing coke were largely non existent

1004
00:45:35,520 --> 00:45:37,720
Speaker 2: and mostly focused on the cocaine, not the black people.

1005
00:45:37,760 --> 00:45:41,200
Speaker 2: But then as the century turned Elizabeth, cocaine sniffing became

1006
00:45:41,239 --> 00:45:43,720
Speaker 2: the drug a choice for working men, in particular black

1007
00:45:43,719 --> 00:45:47,239
Speaker 2: waterfront dock workers and Steve Adoors. They helped spread the

1008
00:45:47,320 --> 00:45:50,120
Speaker 2: drug across the South, first up and down the Mississippi,

1009
00:45:50,160 --> 00:45:52,640
Speaker 2: and we see all these states start banning cocaine all

1010
00:45:52,680 --> 00:45:55,160
Speaker 2: along the Mississippi River. It makes its way into New

1011
00:45:55,239 --> 00:45:58,400
Speaker 2: Orleans and the Forum from there to the former plantation workers.

1012
00:45:58,440 --> 00:45:59,960
Speaker 2: Now it starts showing up in what would be the

1013
00:46:00,000 --> 00:46:02,040
Speaker 2: the predecessors of juke joints. People are doing it on

1014
00:46:02,040 --> 00:46:02,440
Speaker 2: the weekend.

1015
00:46:02,560 --> 00:46:02,799
Speaker 7: Yeah.

1016
00:46:02,840 --> 00:46:05,239
Speaker 2: The white planters are stoked about cocaine because the black

1017
00:46:05,239 --> 00:46:08,040
Speaker 2: field workers worked longer and they were more productive, so

1018
00:46:08,080 --> 00:46:10,960
Speaker 2: they were like, yeah, the white planters started growing cocaine

1019
00:46:11,000 --> 00:46:12,880
Speaker 2: giving it out to the field hands. It was like

1020
00:46:12,920 --> 00:46:15,160
Speaker 2: coffee in a breakway. We're oh, yeah, there's just handed

1021
00:46:15,160 --> 00:46:18,960
Speaker 2: cocaine out right. The popularity cocaine spreads across the South right,

1022
00:46:19,040 --> 00:46:21,400
Speaker 2: especially in New Orleans because it's a party city. This

1023
00:46:21,400 --> 00:46:23,800
Speaker 2: would soon lead to a new wave of racialized fears

1024
00:46:23,800 --> 00:46:26,960
Speaker 2: of negroes running them up high on cocaine. The typical

1025
00:46:27,000 --> 00:46:29,960
Speaker 2: Southern fears of black people getting their bloody vengeance on

1026
00:46:30,040 --> 00:46:32,839
Speaker 2: white folks start creeping north with these news stories. Right

1027
00:46:32,960 --> 00:46:36,080
Speaker 2: the Atlanta Journal Constitution, my hometown paper, they published a

1028
00:46:36,120 --> 00:46:38,680
Speaker 2: story a nineteen hundred two negro women engage in a

1029
00:46:38,719 --> 00:46:42,319
Speaker 2: bloody fight and cocaine dive. Another AJC headline from the

1030
00:46:42,320 --> 00:46:45,759
Speaker 2: same time, frightful spread of habit among the Negroes. My

1031
00:46:45,880 --> 00:46:48,840
Speaker 2: favorite is from November twenty eighth to nineteen hundred Senators

1032
00:46:48,920 --> 00:46:51,200
Speaker 2: visit cocaine sniffers. I don't know what the story is

1033
00:46:51,200 --> 00:46:54,799
Speaker 2: there now, there wasn't Atlanta copy. They quoted in the

1034
00:46:54,800 --> 00:46:57,839
Speaker 2: Ajac and the cocaine says, cocaine makes the Negroes quiet

1035
00:46:57,880 --> 00:47:00,480
Speaker 2: and inoffensive. And if we have less trouble, cocaine victims

1036
00:47:00,520 --> 00:47:02,799
Speaker 2: in with whiskey victims. So they're like all about it.

1037
00:47:03,000 --> 00:47:05,680
Speaker 2: The cops are saying, we're cool with it, doesn't matter.

1038
00:47:05,760 --> 00:47:07,880
Speaker 2: New York papers they start running similar stories as the

1039
00:47:07,880 --> 00:47:11,200
Speaker 2: southern headlines started getting syndicated all across the country. This

1040
00:47:11,280 --> 00:47:14,040
Speaker 2: wave builds over the decade. In nineteen oh five, the

1041
00:47:14,080 --> 00:47:17,239
Speaker 2: New York Times publishes a story, Negro Cocaine evil. That's

1042
00:47:17,239 --> 00:47:20,440
Speaker 2: all it is, just three words, Negro cocaine evil. No story,

1043
00:47:20,480 --> 00:47:23,440
Speaker 2: that's just said. It was about cocaine the Southern States.

1044
00:47:23,440 --> 00:47:26,040
Speaker 2: So all these Northerners are worried about what's happening down

1045
00:47:26,080 --> 00:47:27,799
Speaker 2: to our brothers in the South. I guess I don't

1046
00:47:27,800 --> 00:47:30,440
Speaker 2: know right. So later on nineteen twelve, the New York

1047
00:47:30,440 --> 00:47:33,000
Speaker 2: Times story there's another one. This one's about the local habits.

1048
00:47:33,000 --> 00:47:35,880
Speaker 2: It says Cuban Negroes introduced a cocaine vice in New

1049
00:47:35,960 --> 00:47:40,400
Speaker 2: York Merk introduced the cocaine price in New York anyway,

1050
00:47:40,719 --> 00:47:43,759
Speaker 2: This just general ambient racist trend eventually culminated in a

1051
00:47:43,880 --> 00:47:46,640
Speaker 2: corker of a New York Times magazine story published February

1052
00:47:46,719 --> 00:47:50,920
Speaker 2: nineteen fourteen, with the very unsubtle headline Negro cocaine fiends

1053
00:47:50,920 --> 00:47:54,640
Speaker 2: are a new Southern menace. That published story which was incorrect.

1054
00:47:54,640 --> 00:47:57,680
Speaker 2: Mind you detailed accounts of coke mad negroes, and the

1055
00:47:57,800 --> 00:47:59,960
Speaker 2: article is written by one doctor Edward Huntington will You,

1056
00:48:00,160 --> 00:48:02,799
Speaker 2: who was a local moral skold. He featured lines in

1057
00:48:02,840 --> 00:48:05,280
Speaker 2: his article like nine men killed in Mississippi by craz's

1058
00:48:05,320 --> 00:48:08,760
Speaker 2: cocaine takers, five in North Carolina, three in Tennessee. These

1059
00:48:08,760 --> 00:48:11,800
Speaker 2: are the facts that need no imaginative coloring. Why do

1060
00:48:11,880 --> 00:48:15,200
Speaker 2: they need no imaginative coloring, Elizabeth, because of racism. The

1061
00:48:15,239 --> 00:48:17,520
Speaker 2: reader's already been primed to imagine the black men committing

1062
00:48:17,560 --> 00:48:17,960
Speaker 2: the crimes.

1063
00:48:18,000 --> 00:48:19,080
Speaker 3: Did they really happen?

1064
00:48:19,320 --> 00:48:19,440
Speaker 7: No.

1065
00:48:19,560 --> 00:48:21,880
Speaker 2: The purported news story included a tale of a cocaine

1066
00:48:21,920 --> 00:48:25,360
Speaker 2: stiffing negro who was in vulnerable to the effects of guns.

1067
00:48:25,760 --> 00:48:29,320
Speaker 2: Bullets bounced off his coke addled body. A direct gunshot

1068
00:48:29,360 --> 00:48:31,799
Speaker 2: to the heart, Elizabeth, a direct gunshot to the heart.

1069
00:48:31,800 --> 00:48:34,239
Speaker 2: In the story is quote did not even stagger the man.

1070
00:48:34,640 --> 00:48:37,040
Speaker 2: The new story reported how this incident and one's like it,

1071
00:48:37,120 --> 00:48:40,040
Speaker 2: had spurred Southern cops to purchase quote guns of greater

1072
00:48:40,160 --> 00:48:43,160
Speaker 2: shocking power. So they wanted stoppers because he got these,

1073
00:48:43,200 --> 00:48:47,880
Speaker 2: you know, bulletproof negroes running own cocaine. The real story,

1074
00:48:47,920 --> 00:48:49,839
Speaker 2: by the way, Elizabeth, since you did ask, had been

1075
00:48:49,880 --> 00:48:53,040
Speaker 2: published by The New York Times one year earlier, in

1076
00:48:53,120 --> 00:48:56,600
Speaker 2: nineteen thirteen. In the original reporting, it was two brothers,

1077
00:48:56,600 --> 00:49:00,200
Speaker 2: not one bulletproof negro cocine. The brothers did act violently,

1078
00:49:00,239 --> 00:49:02,759
Speaker 2: and in response, three innocent black men were killed by

1079
00:49:02,760 --> 00:49:05,719
Speaker 2: a white mob as retribution. But what do facts matter

1080
00:49:05,760 --> 00:49:08,520
Speaker 2: when you got a good racialized scare campaign.

1081
00:49:08,080 --> 00:49:10,640
Speaker 3: To build dude who like trash his own house during

1082
00:49:10,680 --> 00:49:13,120
Speaker 3: all the George Floyd of rising and then wrote Black's

1083
00:49:13,160 --> 00:49:16,240
Speaker 3: rule in the driveway.

1084
00:49:18,080 --> 00:49:20,319
Speaker 2: So we have there's there's there's our crime. All right,

1085
00:49:20,360 --> 00:49:22,920
Speaker 2: we got I got a one percent. Somebody did get hurt, right,

1086
00:49:22,960 --> 00:49:24,719
Speaker 2: I felt that one percent was important to include. But

1087
00:49:25,200 --> 00:49:27,319
Speaker 2: so that same year, as that crazy racist New York

1088
00:49:27,320 --> 00:49:30,680
Speaker 2: Times story runs, it finally grips the America followed nineteen

1089
00:49:30,719 --> 00:49:33,479
Speaker 2: fourteen folks down to Washington. They act on this imagined threat.

1090
00:49:33,600 --> 00:49:38,319
Speaker 2: Lawmakers passed new legislation, federal legislation, the Harrison Act. After that,

1091
00:49:38,360 --> 00:49:41,640
Speaker 2: it makes cocaine illegal without a prescription across the United States. Yeah,

1092
00:49:41,760 --> 00:49:44,680
Speaker 2: that coke usage drops off, then the hip they move

1093
00:49:44,719 --> 00:49:46,120
Speaker 2: on to heroin. We got new drugs.

1094
00:49:46,160 --> 00:49:46,279
Speaker 4: Right.

1095
00:49:46,600 --> 00:49:49,120
Speaker 2: Cocaine becomes a crime when black people were doing the

1096
00:49:49,160 --> 00:49:51,759
Speaker 2: same arical drug as freud. So there's there's our ridiculous

1097
00:49:51,800 --> 00:49:55,000
Speaker 2: crime when folks with field sweat on their backs enjoyed

1098
00:49:55,000 --> 00:49:58,200
Speaker 2: the preferred pastime of popes and a queen and Sherlock Holmes.

1099
00:49:58,280 --> 00:50:00,560
Speaker 2: Once it did, the melanated folks started snow from cocaine

1100
00:50:00,600 --> 00:50:03,680
Speaker 2: and private clubs of colored cocaine enthusiasts. Yeah, that, Elizabeth

1101
00:50:03,719 --> 00:50:06,279
Speaker 2: is when cocaine became a drug menace. But you know what,

1102
00:50:06,400 --> 00:50:08,680
Speaker 2: good and honestly, in my opinion, cocaine is a menace.

1103
00:50:08,719 --> 00:50:11,080
Speaker 2: It should be a regulated substance. It's it's too much

1104
00:50:11,080 --> 00:50:13,240
Speaker 2: for the human animal. I mean, look at everybody's reaction

1105
00:50:13,320 --> 00:50:15,880
Speaker 2: to it, like this is amazing. It's not a powder

1106
00:50:16,000 --> 00:50:18,400
Speaker 2: meant for It's a powderman for gods, not mere mortals.

1107
00:50:18,400 --> 00:50:20,120
Speaker 2: That's my thought. I think the South Americans were right.

1108
00:50:20,160 --> 00:50:22,120
Speaker 2: We're like, this is some god stuff, right man. I

1109
00:50:22,200 --> 00:50:23,640
Speaker 2: know I'm kind of making it sound good. I don't

1110
00:50:23,640 --> 00:50:25,520
Speaker 2: mean to. It's not. Coca is terrible, and you know what,

1111
00:50:26,360 --> 00:50:28,640
Speaker 2: I want coke to be illegal. But anyway that is

1112
00:50:28,680 --> 00:50:32,360
Speaker 2: out coke and our history with it became illegal ridiculous

1113
00:50:32,360 --> 00:50:35,560
Speaker 2: and ridiculous. So that's a ridiculous takeaway, Elizabeth.

1114
00:50:35,160 --> 00:50:38,920
Speaker 3: Don't do drugs, don't do coke. Yes, that's my big takeaway.

1115
00:50:38,920 --> 00:50:43,080
Speaker 3: And also, like the people people all coked out don't

1116
00:50:43,120 --> 00:50:46,439
Speaker 3: know how obnoxious they are. In their minds. They're thinking

1117
00:50:46,440 --> 00:50:50,400
Speaker 3: they're just like the funniest, like quickest, cutest thing, and

1118
00:50:50,560 --> 00:50:52,000
Speaker 3: oh my goodness.

1119
00:50:51,680 --> 00:50:53,200
Speaker 2: Yes, I would love you be able to show them

1120
00:50:53,239 --> 00:50:53,800
Speaker 2: the difference.

1121
00:50:53,840 --> 00:50:57,520
Speaker 3: So yeah, all teeth grinding now for.

1122
00:50:57,600 --> 00:50:58,880
Speaker 2: Me once again, thank you for asking.

1123
00:50:58,760 --> 00:51:00,480
Speaker 3: A little Yeah, yeah, I want to know.

1124
00:51:00,560 --> 00:51:04,200
Speaker 2: My ridiculous takeaway is is well, I thought of like

1125
00:51:04,200 --> 00:51:06,200
Speaker 2: the Chinese folks in the West, they could have been like,

1126
00:51:06,239 --> 00:51:07,799
Speaker 2: we could have told you how this would play out,

1127
00:51:08,080 --> 00:51:11,040
Speaker 2: because one generation earlier they had dealt with this with

1128
00:51:11,080 --> 00:51:13,719
Speaker 2: the opium line. Yeah, and that was because of the

1129
00:51:13,719 --> 00:51:16,120
Speaker 2: people in the West wanted to lessen the power of

1130
00:51:16,200 --> 00:51:18,440
Speaker 2: fast growing Chinese wealth. So they're like, oh, it's come

1131
00:51:18,480 --> 00:51:20,120
Speaker 2: off with this. We'll legalize all of them. We'll make

1132
00:51:20,160 --> 00:51:23,440
Speaker 2: it a problem. We could be suspicious of anyone with money. Yeah, anyway,

1133
00:51:23,800 --> 00:51:26,160
Speaker 2: that was a generation earlier. So really there's truly nothing

1134
00:51:26,160 --> 00:51:28,560
Speaker 2: new under the sun. Not a lick anyway. That's all

1135
00:51:28,560 --> 00:51:30,880
Speaker 2: I got for you, but the history of cocaine and

1136
00:51:30,920 --> 00:51:34,680
Speaker 2: why we have talk therapy US. You can online a

1137
00:51:34,760 --> 00:51:37,160
Speaker 2: Ridiculous Crime on Twitter, Instagram. We have a website ridiculous

1138
00:51:37,160 --> 00:51:39,520
Speaker 2: Crime dot com, and we also like your talkbacks emails

1139
00:51:39,560 --> 00:51:42,360
Speaker 2: if you want at Ridiculous Crime at gmail dot com.

1140
00:51:42,400 --> 00:51:50,319
Speaker 2: Thanks for listening. We'll catch your next crime. Ridiculous Crime

1141
00:51:50,320 --> 00:51:52,960
Speaker 2: is supposed to by Elizabeth Dutton and Zaron Burnette, produced

1142
00:51:52,960 --> 00:51:56,160
Speaker 2: and edited by our resident cocaine hippo caretaker Dave Cousten.

1143
00:51:56,400 --> 00:51:58,680
Speaker 2: Research is by Mursa, I Don't Dance with that, Blow

1144
00:51:58,880 --> 00:52:03,000
Speaker 2: Brown and Andre Yeah. Anime is my cocaine song, Sharpened Tear.

1145
00:52:03,640 --> 00:52:06,520
Speaker 2: Our theme song is by Thomas Keep It Natural Lee

1146
00:52:06,800 --> 00:52:10,480
Speaker 2: and Travis I prefer Pepsi Dunton. The host wardrobe provided

1147
00:52:10,520 --> 00:52:13,600
Speaker 2: by Botany five hundred. Executive producers are Ben Did you

1148
00:52:13,640 --> 00:52:15,840
Speaker 2: know that Keith Richards once started a line of his

1149
00:52:15,880 --> 00:52:18,920
Speaker 2: own father's ashes bowling and Noel, Yeah, I did you

1150
00:52:18,960 --> 00:52:20,120
Speaker 2: told me that brown?

1151
00:52:25,840 --> 00:52:29,480
Speaker 4: Okay, So I just had to try the Snoop cereal.

1152
00:52:31,040 --> 00:52:33,319
Speaker 4: So I went to Walmart and I bought it. It

1153
00:52:33,360 --> 00:52:37,719
Speaker 4: was one ninety eight. I got the frosted drizzlers.

1154
00:52:38,719 --> 00:52:51,640
Speaker 7: And I'm going to try them. These are really good.

1155
00:52:52,200 --> 00:52:57,080
Speaker 4: These were really good, so continuing from the last one,

1156
00:52:59,400 --> 00:53:03,759
Speaker 4: they're really not really really sweet. I think they're just

1157
00:53:03,800 --> 00:53:10,680
Speaker 4: a little bit sweeter than the frosted miniwheeds. They're a

1158
00:53:10,680 --> 00:53:18,439
Speaker 4: lot cheaper too. I think they're really delicious. They're really good.

1159
00:53:18,440 --> 00:53:21,719
Speaker 4: I can't stop eating them. Definitely try them out.

1160
00:53:22,520 --> 00:53:28,240
Speaker 6: Ridicous Crime, Say it one more Timeous Crime.

1161
00:53:29,239 --> 00:53:32,640
Speaker 1: Ridiculous Crime is a production of iHeartRadio four more podcasts.

1162
00:53:32,719 --> 00:53:35,880
Speaker 1: My heart Radio, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or

1163
00:53:35,920 --> 00:53:37,680
Speaker 1: wherever you listen to your favorite shows.