1 00:00:00,120 --> 00:00:01,960 Speaker 1: This Day in History Class is a production of I 2 00:00:02,040 --> 00:00:05,240 Speaker 1: Heart Radio. Hey guys, I hope you enjoy these classic 3 00:00:05,280 --> 00:00:08,479 Speaker 1: episodes from the t D I h C Vault. I'm 4 00:00:08,520 --> 00:00:11,559 Speaker 1: currently researching a new crop of stories for next year, 5 00:00:11,760 --> 00:00:14,600 Speaker 1: so be sure to join me again on January second 6 00:00:14,800 --> 00:00:19,200 Speaker 1: when we return with all new episodes. See you next week. 7 00:00:19,800 --> 00:00:22,280 Speaker 1: Welcome to This Day in History Class from how Stuff 8 00:00:22,280 --> 00:00:24,479 Speaker 1: Works dot com and from the desk of Stuff you 9 00:00:24,520 --> 00:00:26,960 Speaker 1: Missed in History Class. It's the show where we explore 10 00:00:26,960 --> 00:00:29,120 Speaker 1: the past one day at a time with a quick 11 00:00:29,160 --> 00:00:36,120 Speaker 1: look at what happened today in history. Hello and welcome 12 00:00:36,159 --> 00:00:39,239 Speaker 1: to the podcast. I'm Tracy V. Wilson and it's December 13 00:00:39,280 --> 00:00:44,960 Speaker 1: twenty two. Alfred Dreyfuss was wrongfully convicted of selling military 14 00:00:45,000 --> 00:00:48,920 Speaker 1: secrets to Germany on this day in eight He was 15 00:00:48,960 --> 00:00:53,960 Speaker 1: sentenced to military degradation and exile for life. Most English 16 00:00:54,000 --> 00:00:56,800 Speaker 1: speakers in the United States say his name dry Fuss 17 00:00:56,960 --> 00:00:59,680 Speaker 1: and called us the dry Fuss Affair, but in French 18 00:01:00,080 --> 00:01:04,319 Speaker 1: is a lot more like Dreyfus. Dreyfus had decided to 19 00:01:04,440 --> 00:01:07,160 Speaker 1: join the military as a young man after witnessing the 20 00:01:07,200 --> 00:01:10,400 Speaker 1: German occupation of his hometown and the French defeat in 21 00:01:10,440 --> 00:01:15,520 Speaker 1: the Franco Prussian War. He graduated with honors from Ecole Polytechnique. 22 00:01:15,600 --> 00:01:18,600 Speaker 1: Then he became the first Jewish officer on the General 23 00:01:18,640 --> 00:01:21,400 Speaker 1: staff at the headquarters of the French Ministry of War. 24 00:01:22,319 --> 00:01:25,800 Speaker 1: On December twenty six, eight nine four, a document was 25 00:01:26,000 --> 00:01:30,880 Speaker 1: intercepted that was addressed to the German military attache, Lieutenant 26 00:01:30,959 --> 00:01:35,360 Speaker 1: Colonel Max von Schwartzkoppen, and then that October Dreyfus was 27 00:01:35,520 --> 00:01:39,600 Speaker 1: charged with this crime. There were a lot of reasons 28 00:01:39,720 --> 00:01:43,360 Speaker 1: that the military had for suspecting him. He was from Alsace, 29 00:01:43,520 --> 00:01:46,720 Speaker 1: which had been under German control since the Franco Prussian War, 30 00:01:47,520 --> 00:01:50,200 Speaker 1: He had access to the information in question thanks to 31 00:01:50,320 --> 00:01:55,240 Speaker 1: his position, his handwriting was supposedly similar to the handwriting 32 00:01:55,320 --> 00:01:59,920 Speaker 1: in the documents, and he was Jewish. Several openly anti 33 00:02:00,000 --> 00:02:04,320 Speaker 1: Semitic officers said quite plainly that being Jewish made him suspect. 34 00:02:05,200 --> 00:02:08,600 Speaker 1: He was convicted in a closed court martial and publicly 35 00:02:08,680 --> 00:02:13,679 Speaker 1: degraded on January. He was then transported to prison and 36 00:02:13,800 --> 00:02:18,800 Speaker 1: ultimately held in solitary confinement on Devil's Island. His family, 37 00:02:19,160 --> 00:02:23,040 Speaker 1: especially his wife and his brother, believed his innocence from 38 00:02:23,200 --> 00:02:26,720 Speaker 1: the very start, and he steadfastly maintained that he was 39 00:02:26,919 --> 00:02:31,000 Speaker 1: not guilty. They fought for a retrial for him, and 40 00:02:31,160 --> 00:02:33,799 Speaker 1: gradually members of the general public started to call for 41 00:02:33,919 --> 00:02:39,440 Speaker 1: a retrial as well. Emil Zola's famous Jacques letter, published 42 00:02:39,520 --> 00:02:45,480 Speaker 1: in a newsletter called Laure, was printed on January. This 43 00:02:45,800 --> 00:02:49,880 Speaker 1: letter took up the whole front page and it accused 44 00:02:50,080 --> 00:02:53,280 Speaker 1: the military and others of a cover up. He was 45 00:02:53,360 --> 00:02:57,040 Speaker 1: put on trial for defaming the French military, convicted of 46 00:02:57,160 --> 00:02:59,520 Speaker 1: libel and sentenced to a year in prison and three 47 00:02:59,560 --> 00:03:03,760 Speaker 1: thousand Frank's He was forced into exile in London. Then 48 00:03:04,000 --> 00:03:08,480 Speaker 1: George Picard, chief of Intelligence, found compelling evidence that another 49 00:03:08,720 --> 00:03:13,520 Speaker 1: French officer, Ferdinand Valsin esther Hasi, was the real culprit. 50 00:03:14,160 --> 00:03:17,519 Speaker 1: And this was true, that was the real culprit. This 51 00:03:17,720 --> 00:03:21,079 Speaker 1: man had offered his services to Vaunched sports Coppin on July, 52 00:03:22,880 --> 00:03:26,040 Speaker 1: he had been paid on August fift and this was 53 00:03:26,440 --> 00:03:31,119 Speaker 1: his message, not dry faces that had been intercepted. Picard 54 00:03:31,240 --> 00:03:34,119 Speaker 1: was ordered not to pursue this matter, but he continued 55 00:03:34,280 --> 00:03:37,280 Speaker 1: on in defiance of that order. There was eventually a 56 00:03:37,440 --> 00:03:41,320 Speaker 1: court martial, but ester Hazi was acquitted and Picard was 57 00:03:41,440 --> 00:03:43,840 Speaker 1: removed from his position. And sent on a series of 58 00:03:43,920 --> 00:03:47,160 Speaker 1: dangerous missions to get him out of the way. This 59 00:03:47,560 --> 00:03:53,080 Speaker 1: blossomed into a major schism in France. The dry Fussard's 60 00:03:53,080 --> 00:03:57,080 Speaker 1: and anti dry Sards lined up four and against reopening 61 00:03:57,160 --> 00:04:00,960 Speaker 1: the case. This led to all kinds of politic our cartoons, 62 00:04:01,360 --> 00:04:05,520 Speaker 1: many of them extremely anti Semitic and full of disparaging stereotypes. 63 00:04:06,240 --> 00:04:09,600 Speaker 1: Was also tied up in thoughts about the military, with 64 00:04:09,680 --> 00:04:13,200 Speaker 1: the dry Fussarids wanting the military to be overseen by 65 00:04:13,280 --> 00:04:17,799 Speaker 1: Parliament and the anti Dryfusards arguing that this whole affair 66 00:04:18,040 --> 00:04:22,080 Speaker 1: was damaging the military. This all spread well beyond France, 67 00:04:22,160 --> 00:04:25,080 Speaker 1: with writers and composers and artists and world leaders and 68 00:04:25,200 --> 00:04:29,720 Speaker 1: other prominent people all taking sides. In August of it 69 00:04:29,800 --> 00:04:31,920 Speaker 1: was discovered that one of the documents that had been 70 00:04:32,080 --> 00:04:36,239 Speaker 1: used to convict Dreyfuss was a forgery, and one officer 71 00:04:36,320 --> 00:04:39,080 Speaker 1: admitted that he had fabricated this document in order to 72 00:04:39,120 --> 00:04:42,960 Speaker 1: get a conviction. A retrial was held in June of 73 00:04:44,680 --> 00:04:47,640 Speaker 1: Once again dryfus was convicted, but this time he was 74 00:04:47,720 --> 00:04:51,720 Speaker 1: given a reduced sentence. This led to international outrage. She 75 00:04:51,960 --> 00:04:54,480 Speaker 1: was offered a pardon not long after that because he 76 00:04:54,600 --> 00:04:57,800 Speaker 1: was in poor health, but he and his family continued 77 00:04:57,920 --> 00:05:00,800 Speaker 1: to seek exoneration. They didn't just want him free, they 78 00:05:00,880 --> 00:05:05,080 Speaker 1: wanted his name cleared. Another retrial was held in nineteen 79 00:05:05,120 --> 00:05:09,360 Speaker 1: o three, and finally, in nineteen o six, Dreyfus was exonerated. 80 00:05:09,400 --> 00:05:12,480 Speaker 1: He was innocent of all charges. He was restored to 81 00:05:12,600 --> 00:05:16,279 Speaker 1: his position of major. Picard was also reinstated and promoted 82 00:05:16,320 --> 00:05:20,320 Speaker 1: to brigadier general, and the French army publicly declared that 83 00:05:20,440 --> 00:05:25,640 Speaker 1: Dreyfus was innocent. They did that in nine Before we 84 00:05:25,680 --> 00:05:28,760 Speaker 1: close out today's episode. For the next week, my co 85 00:05:29,000 --> 00:05:32,120 Speaker 1: host on Stuffy Missed in History Class, Holly Fry, will 86 00:05:32,160 --> 00:05:35,000 Speaker 1: be filling in for me on this show because of 87 00:05:35,080 --> 00:05:38,560 Speaker 1: the very weird time travel nature of this podcast. That 88 00:05:38,720 --> 00:05:40,200 Speaker 1: was to help me cover some time out of the 89 00:05:40,279 --> 00:05:44,600 Speaker 1: office back in November. So thanks Holly. Thanks also to 90 00:05:44,640 --> 00:05:47,400 Speaker 1: Christopher Hasciotis for his research work on today's show, and 91 00:05:47,560 --> 00:05:50,159 Speaker 1: to Casey Pegram and Chandler Mays for their audio work 92 00:05:50,279 --> 00:05:52,280 Speaker 1: on this show. You can subscribe to the Stay in 93 00:05:52,400 --> 00:05:55,599 Speaker 1: History Class on Apple Podcasts, Google podcast, the I Heart 94 00:05:55,720 --> 00:05:59,160 Speaker 1: Radio app, and wherever else you get podcasts. Tune in 95 00:05:59,240 --> 00:06:11,239 Speaker 1: tomorrow for of the world's most famous patrons. Hello again, 96 00:06:11,600 --> 00:06:14,480 Speaker 1: it's Eves and you're listening to This Day in History Class, 97 00:06:14,760 --> 00:06:25,400 Speaker 1: a podcast that truly believes no day is boring. The 98 00:06:25,520 --> 00:06:30,559 Speaker 1: day was December twenty eight five. Itto Hiro Bumi became 99 00:06:30,600 --> 00:06:34,480 Speaker 1: the first Prime Minister of Japan. Eto's father was the 100 00:06:34,520 --> 00:06:38,560 Speaker 1: adopted son of a minor samurai. Itto, born in eighteen 101 00:06:38,640 --> 00:06:42,160 Speaker 1: forty one, grew up under the feudal military government of 102 00:06:42,360 --> 00:06:46,920 Speaker 1: the Tokugawa Shogunate. The Japanese economy feared well during the 103 00:06:46,960 --> 00:06:51,560 Speaker 1: Tokugawa period. Commerce and manufacturing grew, and the merchant class 104 00:06:51,600 --> 00:06:55,720 Speaker 1: profited off of this. Agricultural production was important, but as 105 00:06:55,800 --> 00:06:59,320 Speaker 1: the economy flourished, it was not as fruitful as other sectors. 106 00:07:00,480 --> 00:07:03,920 Speaker 1: The Tokugawa shogun It made efforts in fiscal reform, but 107 00:07:04,200 --> 00:07:08,320 Speaker 1: all the socio economic unrest weakened it, and though Japan 108 00:07:08,520 --> 00:07:13,040 Speaker 1: still had conservative isolationist policies, it was increasingly influenced by 109 00:07:13,120 --> 00:07:16,760 Speaker 1: Western powers to dump its seclusion policy to benefit from 110 00:07:16,800 --> 00:07:20,920 Speaker 1: global trade and better technology. The government sent Eto to 111 00:07:21,040 --> 00:07:24,280 Speaker 1: University College London in eighteen sixty three, and when he 112 00:07:24,360 --> 00:07:27,720 Speaker 1: returned to Japan the next year, he began supporting Western 113 00:07:27,800 --> 00:07:32,080 Speaker 1: influence in the society and economy. In eighteen sixty eight, 114 00:07:32,160 --> 00:07:35,600 Speaker 1: the Tokugawa shogun it fell and the emperor was restored 115 00:07:35,680 --> 00:07:40,640 Speaker 1: to power. After the Meiji Restoration, Japan opened its borders 116 00:07:40,720 --> 00:07:43,440 Speaker 1: and began to go through a period of major political, 117 00:07:43,880 --> 00:07:48,200 Speaker 1: social and economic change. Eto had connections with leaders in 118 00:07:48,280 --> 00:07:53,000 Speaker 1: early Meiji Japan such as Kto Taka Yoshi and Okubo Toshimichi, 119 00:07:53,440 --> 00:07:55,680 Speaker 1: and through those he was able to go to the 120 00:07:55,800 --> 00:07:59,200 Speaker 1: US on government assignments and to Europe on the Iwaka 121 00:07:59,400 --> 00:08:04,000 Speaker 1: Mission to research things like taxation and treaty revision. Ittai 122 00:08:04,080 --> 00:08:06,840 Speaker 1: was appointed a junior British counselor in the new Department 123 00:08:06,880 --> 00:08:10,520 Speaker 1: of Foreign Affairs after the Meiji Restoration, and in eighteen 124 00:08:10,560 --> 00:08:13,560 Speaker 1: seventy he was sent to the US to study Western currency. 125 00:08:14,640 --> 00:08:17,000 Speaker 1: When he got back to Japan, he helped change the 126 00:08:17,080 --> 00:08:21,360 Speaker 1: Japanese taxation system. Soon, Eta was made a British counselor 127 00:08:21,520 --> 00:08:24,960 Speaker 1: at the Ministry of Public Works, and he continued to 128 00:08:25,120 --> 00:08:28,400 Speaker 1: rise in rank. In eighteen seventy five, the Emperor appointed 129 00:08:28,480 --> 00:08:31,200 Speaker 1: him the chairman of the First Assembly of the Governors 130 00:08:31,240 --> 00:08:35,960 Speaker 1: of the Japanese Prefectures. When Okubo Toshimichi, a powerful Maiji 131 00:08:36,080 --> 00:08:39,520 Speaker 1: leader and confidant of Itto, was assassinated. Itto took his 132 00:08:39,600 --> 00:08:44,000 Speaker 1: place as Minister for Home Affairs after forcing rival Okama 133 00:08:44,120 --> 00:08:48,120 Speaker 1: Shige Nobu out of the government. Etaol studied European constitutions 134 00:08:48,400 --> 00:08:52,400 Speaker 1: and convinced the government to adopt a constitution. He helped 135 00:08:52,520 --> 00:08:56,199 Speaker 1: draft the Japanese Meiji Constitution, which the emperor proclaimed in 136 00:08:56,280 --> 00:09:00,640 Speaker 1: eighteen nine. The following year, the National die It, Japan's 137 00:09:00,679 --> 00:09:04,720 Speaker 1: bi cameral legislature, was established, and on December second, eighteen 138 00:09:04,800 --> 00:09:08,199 Speaker 1: eighty five, after he established a cabinet system of government, 139 00:09:08,600 --> 00:09:12,720 Speaker 1: Eta became the first Prime Minister of Japan. He stayed 140 00:09:12,720 --> 00:09:15,640 Speaker 1: in the position until he resigned three years later, but 141 00:09:15,840 --> 00:09:18,760 Speaker 1: he served as Prime minister three other times after that. 142 00:09:20,000 --> 00:09:22,839 Speaker 1: As Prime Minister, Itto saw Japan's victory in the Sino 143 00:09:22,920 --> 00:09:26,400 Speaker 1: Japanese War, helped Japan deal with the Anglo Japanese Treaty 144 00:09:26,480 --> 00:09:30,600 Speaker 1: of Commerce and Navigation, and organized a pro government political 145 00:09:30,720 --> 00:09:35,360 Speaker 1: party called the Rican Sayuki. Eta was also appointed as 146 00:09:35,400 --> 00:09:38,160 Speaker 1: the first Resident General of Korea in nineteen o five. 147 00:09:39,000 --> 00:09:42,199 Speaker 1: Itto wanted Japan to control Korea as a protectorate after 148 00:09:42,280 --> 00:09:46,319 Speaker 1: the Russo Japanese War and suppressed Korean nationalism but he 149 00:09:46,440 --> 00:09:50,040 Speaker 1: did not want to formally annex the country. In October 150 00:09:50,120 --> 00:09:53,280 Speaker 1: of nineteen o nine, Eto was assassinated by a Korean 151 00:09:53,360 --> 00:09:57,440 Speaker 1: independence movement activists at a train station. I'm ea Jeff 152 00:09:57,480 --> 00:09:59,839 Speaker 1: Ko and hopefully you know a little more about his 153 00:10:00,000 --> 00:10:04,200 Speaker 1: today than you did yesterday. If you've seen any good 154 00:10:04,480 --> 00:10:06,880 Speaker 1: history means lately, you can send them to us on 155 00:10:07,040 --> 00:10:13,160 Speaker 1: social media at t D I h C podcast, or 156 00:10:13,280 --> 00:10:15,079 Speaker 1: if you want to get a little more fancy, you 157 00:10:15,160 --> 00:10:17,920 Speaker 1: can send us an email at this Day at I 158 00:10:18,160 --> 00:10:21,679 Speaker 1: heart media dot com. Thanks for tuning in, and we'll 159 00:10:21,720 --> 00:10:45,760 Speaker 1: see you again tomorrow. Hello, and welcome to This Day 160 00:10:45,800 --> 00:10:49,360 Speaker 1: in History Class, a show that believes there's no time 161 00:10:49,480 --> 00:10:53,800 Speaker 1: like the present to learn about the past. I'm Gabe Bluesier, 162 00:10:54,280 --> 00:10:59,120 Speaker 1: and today we're celebrating the late December miracle birth of 163 00:10:59,240 --> 00:11:12,440 Speaker 1: a baby girl La. The day was December twenty, nineteen 164 00:11:12,600 --> 00:11:17,839 Speaker 1: fifty six. For the first time ever, alive gorilla was 165 00:11:18,000 --> 00:11:22,439 Speaker 1: born in Captivity. She was given the name Colo, a 166 00:11:22,559 --> 00:11:27,120 Speaker 1: combination of Columbus and Ohio, the city and state where 167 00:11:27,200 --> 00:11:32,040 Speaker 1: she was born. Before Coolo's birth, zookeepers didn't know if 168 00:11:32,120 --> 00:11:35,199 Speaker 1: it was possible for baby gorillas to be born or 169 00:11:35,320 --> 00:11:39,480 Speaker 1: raised in captivity. It had never happened before, despite their 170 00:11:39,520 --> 00:11:43,160 Speaker 1: best efforts. At the time, all of the guerrillas found 171 00:11:43,240 --> 00:11:46,160 Speaker 1: in zoos around the world had been captured in the 172 00:11:46,240 --> 00:11:50,160 Speaker 1: wild while they were young and easier to handle. Because 173 00:11:50,240 --> 00:11:54,040 Speaker 1: guerrilla families are highly protective of their young, the hunters 174 00:11:54,080 --> 00:11:57,839 Speaker 1: who supplied the zoos typically killed all the adults in 175 00:11:57,880 --> 00:12:01,920 Speaker 1: a troop. The young gorilla commanded a high price, and 176 00:12:02,000 --> 00:12:04,720 Speaker 1: with their parents out of the way, they were easier 177 00:12:04,800 --> 00:12:08,880 Speaker 1: to catch. Coolo's birth marked the beginning of the end 178 00:12:09,000 --> 00:12:12,080 Speaker 1: of that brutal practice and ushered in a new era 179 00:12:12,240 --> 00:12:17,160 Speaker 1: of guerrilla conservation. However, it's interesting to note that Colo's 180 00:12:17,240 --> 00:12:21,559 Speaker 1: birth wasn't the result of an official breeding program. The 181 00:12:21,679 --> 00:12:25,160 Speaker 1: whole thing was an accident and likely wouldn't have happened 182 00:12:25,200 --> 00:12:28,319 Speaker 1: at all if not for a part time zookeeper and 183 00:12:28,480 --> 00:12:34,160 Speaker 1: veterinary student named Warren Dean Thomas. When Kolo's parents were 184 00:12:34,280 --> 00:12:37,679 Speaker 1: captured and brought to the Columbus Zoo in early nineteen 185 00:12:37,800 --> 00:12:42,000 Speaker 1: fifty one, they were kept in separate cages for several years. 186 00:12:42,960 --> 00:12:47,040 Speaker 1: Warren Thomas thought the two guerrillas, Mac and Millie, might 187 00:12:47,120 --> 00:12:50,160 Speaker 1: be happier if they could interact a little, so one 188 00:12:50,240 --> 00:12:53,520 Speaker 1: day in nineteen fifty six, he put them together at 189 00:12:53,640 --> 00:12:57,040 Speaker 1: night without permission, and then split them up again the 190 00:12:57,160 --> 00:13:00,839 Speaker 1: next morning. Sure enough, the gorilla lis had made it 191 00:13:01,000 --> 00:13:05,120 Speaker 1: during their encounter, and soon after Millie showed signs of 192 00:13:05,240 --> 00:13:10,520 Speaker 1: being pregnant. On the morning of December, Thomas noticed something 193 00:13:10,600 --> 00:13:14,160 Speaker 1: on the floor of Millie's cage. It turned out to 194 00:13:14,240 --> 00:13:18,679 Speaker 1: be an amniotic sack containing a newborn baby gorilla that 195 00:13:18,920 --> 00:13:23,839 Speaker 1: wasn't breathing. Thomas cut the umbilical cord and started administering 196 00:13:23,960 --> 00:13:28,599 Speaker 1: mouth to mouth resuscitation. A few tense moments later, the 197 00:13:28,679 --> 00:13:32,640 Speaker 1: infants started breathing again and was quickly moved to an incubator. 198 00:13:33,640 --> 00:13:36,319 Speaker 1: Things were touch and go for the first few days, 199 00:13:36,679 --> 00:13:39,240 Speaker 1: and it was unclear if Chola would survive the week. 200 00:13:40,080 --> 00:13:44,960 Speaker 1: The zoo superintendent Earl Davis told the press quote, We're 201 00:13:45,040 --> 00:13:47,960 Speaker 1: just treating it like a human baby, and I'm pestering 202 00:13:48,120 --> 00:13:51,439 Speaker 1: all my doctor friends for suggestions. If she can go 203 00:13:51,720 --> 00:13:56,320 Speaker 1: four days, I think we'll have it made. Four days later, 204 00:13:56,720 --> 00:14:01,319 Speaker 1: on December, Davis gave an update on her progress, and 205 00:14:01,440 --> 00:14:04,920 Speaker 1: the world breathed a sigh of relief. He said that 206 00:14:05,160 --> 00:14:09,079 Speaker 1: not only had Colo survived, she was learning fast and 207 00:14:09,280 --> 00:14:13,240 Speaker 1: was already causing trouble for her keepers. Apparently, she took 208 00:14:13,320 --> 00:14:17,360 Speaker 1: great pleasure and knocking over the water bucket inside her incubator. 209 00:14:18,200 --> 00:14:23,240 Speaker 1: Colo's birth was recognized as the momentous event it was Zoo. 210 00:14:23,320 --> 00:14:27,120 Speaker 1: Officials from around the globe called to offer their congratulations, 211 00:14:27,560 --> 00:14:30,680 Speaker 1: with some even suggesting that a baby shower was in order. 212 00:14:31,440 --> 00:14:34,520 Speaker 1: The mayor of Columbus was of a similar mind. He 213 00:14:34,720 --> 00:14:39,440 Speaker 1: reportedly passed out cigars that said it's a girl. Meanwhile, 214 00:14:39,800 --> 00:14:43,960 Speaker 1: the city's paper celebrated the birth by launching a naming contest. 215 00:14:44,720 --> 00:14:48,200 Speaker 1: The winning entry would receive a fifty dollar cash prize 216 00:14:48,560 --> 00:14:52,360 Speaker 1: as well as a one dollar savings bond donated by 217 00:14:52,440 --> 00:14:57,080 Speaker 1: actor Clark Gable. Colo soon became a celebrity in her 218 00:14:57,120 --> 00:15:00,400 Speaker 1: own right. At one month old, she made her first 219 00:15:00,480 --> 00:15:05,160 Speaker 1: TV appearance on a show called Wide Wide World. During 220 00:15:05,200 --> 00:15:09,640 Speaker 1: the program, she was introduced to Mrs Howard Brown of Zanesville, 221 00:15:10,120 --> 00:15:13,640 Speaker 1: the lucky winner of the contest that gave Colo her name. 222 00:15:14,560 --> 00:15:17,320 Speaker 1: As she grew and developed, Kolo provided the world with 223 00:15:17,600 --> 00:15:21,680 Speaker 1: much more than entertainment. Her life filled crucial gaps in 224 00:15:21,760 --> 00:15:26,600 Speaker 1: our understanding of the guerrilla life cycle, including their gestation period. 225 00:15:26,840 --> 00:15:29,360 Speaker 1: Which we now know is about eight and a half months. 226 00:15:30,400 --> 00:15:33,840 Speaker 1: Over the years, the study of Coolo also changed the 227 00:15:33,920 --> 00:15:38,840 Speaker 1: modern approach to zoo keeping. For example, because Kolo's parents 228 00:15:38,920 --> 00:15:42,040 Speaker 1: had been captured at an early age, they never learned 229 00:15:42,160 --> 00:15:45,680 Speaker 1: parenting skills in the wild. As a result, they were 230 00:15:45,760 --> 00:15:49,400 Speaker 1: largely indifferent to Kolo and even afraid of her at times. 231 00:15:50,200 --> 00:15:53,760 Speaker 1: Kolo's keepers tried to fill in for her parents as 232 00:15:53,840 --> 00:15:56,520 Speaker 1: best they could, and thanks to what they learned from 233 00:15:56,560 --> 00:16:01,040 Speaker 1: the experience, zoos today now led guerrillas's their own young 234 00:16:01,360 --> 00:16:05,960 Speaker 1: when born in captivity. As for Colo, she became a 235 00:16:06,080 --> 00:16:11,160 Speaker 1: mother herself three times over. Her daughter Emmy was the 236 00:16:11,280 --> 00:16:16,880 Speaker 1: first second generation gorilla born in captivity. In total, Colo 237 00:16:17,000 --> 00:16:21,040 Speaker 1: lived to see the birth of three children, sixteen grandchildren, 238 00:16:21,440 --> 00:16:27,680 Speaker 1: twelve great grandchildren, and three great great grandchildren. She passed 239 00:16:27,720 --> 00:16:33,440 Speaker 1: away peacefully in her sleep on January seventeen at the 240 00:16:33,520 --> 00:16:37,160 Speaker 1: age of sixty, making her the oldest gorilla in the 241 00:16:37,280 --> 00:16:42,600 Speaker 1: world at the time. Debate continues over whether gorillas should 242 00:16:42,640 --> 00:16:46,720 Speaker 1: be kept in captivity at all, but thanks to Colo's example, 243 00:16:47,160 --> 00:16:49,840 Speaker 1: the ones that are have a much better chance of 244 00:16:49,920 --> 00:16:57,080 Speaker 1: living longer, happier lives. I'm gay, bluesier and hopefully you 245 00:16:57,200 --> 00:17:00,280 Speaker 1: now know a little more about history today than you 246 00:17:00,360 --> 00:17:03,600 Speaker 1: did yesterday. If you'd like to keep up with the show, 247 00:17:04,080 --> 00:17:07,840 Speaker 1: you can follow us on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram at 248 00:17:07,920 --> 00:17:11,640 Speaker 1: t d I HC Show, and if you have any 249 00:17:11,720 --> 00:17:14,760 Speaker 1: comments or suggestions, feel free to send them to me 250 00:17:15,160 --> 00:17:19,200 Speaker 1: at this Day at I heart media dot com. Thanks 251 00:17:19,280 --> 00:17:22,040 Speaker 1: to Chandler May's for producing the show, and thank you 252 00:17:22,160 --> 00:17:25,240 Speaker 1: for listening. I'll see you back here again tomorrow for 253 00:17:25,320 --> 00:17:35,359 Speaker 1: another Day in History class. For more podcasts from I 254 00:17:35,440 --> 00:17:38,240 Speaker 1: Heart Radio, visit the iHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or 255 00:17:38,240 --> 00:17:39,840 Speaker 1: wherever you listen to your favorite shows.