WEBVTT - How Dementia Works 0:00:01.920 --> 0:00:05.080 Welcome to Stuff you Should Know from the house stuff 0:00:05.120 --> 0:00:12.680 Works dot Com. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm 0:00:12.760 --> 0:00:17.040 Josh Clark with Charles W Chuck Bryant and Noel. The 0:00:17.120 --> 0:00:22.800 Stint of Noel continues. Everybody's like, stuff you should know. No, no, 0:00:22.920 --> 0:00:25.360 that's not what we're calling it. It's the stint of Noel, 0:00:25.800 --> 0:00:31.520 all right, stuff you should know? Well, that's too clever. Yeah, 0:00:31.760 --> 0:00:36.120 it's a little cutie. Yeah that's all. That's my only 0:00:36.159 --> 0:00:39.560 aversion to it. What do you are you with stuff 0:00:39.560 --> 0:00:42.880 you should know? Changing the name of our show after 0:00:43.120 --> 0:00:46.159 eight years? No, just the Noel stint the name of it. 0:00:46.159 --> 0:00:49.519 Remember the Summer of Sam? Oh? Yeah, yeah, sure, why not? 0:00:50.520 --> 0:00:53.760 I don't like it? All right? Should we come up 0:00:53.800 --> 0:00:58.240 with the third idea? Yeah? The Stint of Noel sounds 0:00:58.440 --> 0:01:02.200 too much like so something's wrong with nol. That's why 0:01:02.240 --> 0:01:05.800 I like it. It's hilarious. There's nothing wrong with Noel, 0:01:06.000 --> 0:01:07.840 by God, And if you think there is, you need 0:01:07.840 --> 0:01:11.920 to answer to me. There's something you should know. M 0:01:12.760 --> 0:01:14.720 And I see that's what I'm saying. It sounds like 0:01:14.760 --> 0:01:18.039 something Strickland would have come up with. Oh, you know, 0:01:18.680 --> 0:01:20.480 and we haven't been in a flame war with Strickland 0:01:20.480 --> 0:01:23.679 in a while. It's been too long, gotten soft, you 0:01:23.760 --> 0:01:28.560 just launched one across the bowl. So um, chuck, Yes, 0:01:29.240 --> 0:01:33.280 are you familiar with dementia? Uh? Yeah, sure, are you 0:01:33.400 --> 0:01:35.880 running your family? And doesn't run in the family. But 0:01:35.959 --> 0:01:40.600 my grandmother who lived to be a hundred, I had 0:01:40.600 --> 0:01:42.240 to mention at some point, which you know, when you 0:01:42.280 --> 0:01:45.560 live to be a hundred, that's I don't know about likely, 0:01:45.680 --> 0:01:49.400 but it's not surprising. It's probably pretty likely. It's Um, 0:01:49.440 --> 0:01:54.160 it's not from what I understand, it's not a uh 0:01:54.280 --> 0:02:01.000 just a natural consequence of age, but it's pretty prevalent um. 0:02:01.040 --> 0:02:04.680 And dementia is actually super misunderstood. Gets confused with Alzheimer's 0:02:04.680 --> 0:02:07.200 a lot or there's a lot of different kinds of dementia, 0:02:07.240 --> 0:02:10.320 but dementia is actually it's not a disease. It's a 0:02:10.360 --> 0:02:14.200 set of symptoms that's broad on. But disease. Yeah, I 0:02:14.240 --> 0:02:18.880 think that is widely misunderstood. But you are totally correct, 0:02:18.960 --> 0:02:23.320 a set of symptoms and um, it is not just 0:02:23.400 --> 0:02:27.880 your garden variety um forgetfulness that comes as you age, No, 0:02:28.000 --> 0:02:31.040 because that is age related and that is a totally 0:02:31.080 --> 0:02:34.960 age related things called age associated memory. Impairment, and that 0:02:35.120 --> 0:02:38.280 is uh, I think, I mean that happens to everyone, right, 0:02:38.480 --> 0:02:40.360 It's just like you forget your keys more often, that 0:02:40.440 --> 0:02:43.119 kind of stuff. But when you do forget your keys 0:02:43.160 --> 0:02:45.680 more often, you can snap your finger and go, I 0:02:45.760 --> 0:02:49.400 forgot my keys again, what is wrong with me? Yeah, 0:02:49.560 --> 0:02:52.280 that's normal. One of the big tales of true dementia 0:02:52.320 --> 0:02:55.400 is when you don't realize that you're forgetting right. So 0:02:55.480 --> 0:02:58.760 that's that's when it gets scary. And um we said 0:02:58.800 --> 0:03:01.720 that it's not a natural, real consequence of age. And 0:03:02.400 --> 0:03:04.400 one of the things that I turned up in researching 0:03:04.440 --> 0:03:08.280 this is we're not exactly sure what causes dementia. We 0:03:08.320 --> 0:03:10.840 don't even know if some of the tell tale signs 0:03:10.840 --> 0:03:13.840 of dementia are the cause of dementia in some cases 0:03:14.200 --> 0:03:18.560 or the result of dementia. Not entirely certain, but um, 0:03:18.600 --> 0:03:22.120 it is very widespread among the aged population in the 0:03:22.240 --> 0:03:25.960 United States. I think five point three million Americans have 0:03:26.080 --> 0:03:29.960 dementia right now. And as our population ages, because the 0:03:29.960 --> 0:03:33.520 baby boomers are starting to get older, um, I think 0:03:33.520 --> 0:03:37.120 they're expecting something like sixteen million Americans are going to 0:03:37.160 --> 0:03:40.080 have it. By sixteen million, is I think how many? 0:03:40.120 --> 0:03:42.880 About how many people have it around the world right now, 0:03:43.160 --> 0:03:45.560 and in America alone, we're gonna have that number in 0:03:45.600 --> 0:03:51.280 twenty fifty. And it's very expensive. Actually, Uh, how much 0:03:51.320 --> 0:03:55.360 money a lot? You're ready for this? In two thousand fifteen, 0:03:55.680 --> 0:03:59.119 we have spent two hundred and twenty six billion dollars 0:03:59.200 --> 0:04:03.240 on health care for dementia, while um, and they're expecting, 0:04:03.360 --> 0:04:07.800 by I believe, when we are caring for sixteen million 0:04:08.520 --> 0:04:13.080 in two thousand fifteen dollars not futuristic, much more inflated. 0:04:15.560 --> 0:04:18.279 In two thousand fifteen dollars will be spending about one 0:04:18.320 --> 0:04:24.719 point two trillion dollars on dementia. If somebody doesn't do something. Man, Yeah, 0:04:24.960 --> 0:04:29.200 it's it's very expensive. It's also extraordinarily sad as far 0:04:29.279 --> 0:04:33.760 as UM diseases or symptoms of diseases. Yeah, yeah, and uh. 0:04:33.960 --> 0:04:37.560 I also want to recommend our May eleven episode a 0:04:37.640 --> 0:04:41.360 podcast to remember our memory episode ties sevenly into this. 0:04:41.400 --> 0:04:43.240 So if you haven't listened to that one yet, go 0:04:43.360 --> 0:04:45.240 listen to that one, either before or after, or if 0:04:45.240 --> 0:04:47.520 you listen to it and forgot, go back and listen 0:04:47.520 --> 0:04:52.919 to it. That's right. So dementia itself is not UM diagnosed. Uh, 0:04:53.000 --> 0:04:56.840 it's not simply memory loss. It's memory loss UM along 0:04:56.880 --> 0:04:59.320 with one of the following at least one of the 0:04:59.360 --> 0:05:02.840 following one or more. Um aphasia, which is UH if 0:05:02.880 --> 0:05:07.120 you can't understand or produce language any longer. A praxia 0:05:07.440 --> 0:05:09.680 and all these are super sad if you've ever seen 0:05:09.760 --> 0:05:13.080 him up close. A praxia if you cannot make certain 0:05:13.120 --> 0:05:17.440 movements even though your body physically is healthy. UM agnosia, 0:05:17.520 --> 0:05:21.599 which is UH you don't recognize UM objects like the 0:05:21.640 --> 0:05:25.080 remote control or your grandkids stuff like that. UH. And 0:05:25.120 --> 0:05:27.960 then executive dysfunction UM when you have a lot of 0:05:28.000 --> 0:05:31.160 troubles planning and organizing and reasoning. So that, along with 0:05:31.200 --> 0:05:33.719 the memory loss, at least one of these you could 0:05:33.720 --> 0:05:37.839 be diagnosed with dementia. And so, like we said, dementia 0:05:37.880 --> 0:05:40.880 is a set of symptoms, right, yes, it's it's actually 0:05:40.880 --> 0:05:45.000 brought on by disease. And the most common cause of dementia. 0:05:45.120 --> 0:05:48.600 I think something like UM sixty or seventy or something 0:05:48.680 --> 0:05:51.920 like that of dementia UM cases is brought on by 0:05:51.920 --> 0:05:55.200 Alzheimer's disease. I could have sworn we did one in Alzheimer's, 0:05:55.240 --> 0:05:57.440 but we have not. Yeah, I don't think we have. 0:05:57.960 --> 0:06:00.440 I don't know. We've talked about it enough. I think, yeah, 0:06:00.440 --> 0:06:02.960 it's popped up plenty of times, but we've never just 0:06:03.000 --> 0:06:07.159 done a straight up Alzheimer's one. Alzheimer's brings on dementia 0:06:07.760 --> 0:06:13.560 through um something called neuro february fibrullary tangles also known 0:06:13.600 --> 0:06:18.760 as beta I'm sorry, TOW protein tangles and um beta 0:06:18.839 --> 0:06:24.360 amyloid plaques, right, yeah, and just a protein build up, 0:06:24.360 --> 0:06:27.040 a sticky protein build up, yeah, which is so when 0:06:27.040 --> 0:06:29.320 you when your neurons fire and you have a thought, 0:06:29.480 --> 0:06:33.440 it's an electrochemical process, and there's residual that is left behind, 0:06:33.920 --> 0:06:37.039 and these residuals can build up in your synapses and 0:06:37.120 --> 0:06:39.880 cause your synapses to not fire as well. And when 0:06:39.920 --> 0:06:42.400 your synapses don't fire as well, they start to die 0:06:42.440 --> 0:06:45.640 off in the neurons that are there that lead from 0:06:45.680 --> 0:06:49.280 these synapses or lead to these synapses die themselves, and 0:06:49.360 --> 0:06:52.719 you have neural loss. Like literally, the brain cells in 0:06:52.720 --> 0:06:55.440 your brain are dying off at a rapid rate. And 0:06:55.440 --> 0:06:59.239 when it's caused by beta proteins and TOW or beta 0:06:59.279 --> 0:07:03.080 amaloid plaques and TOW proteins in the cells, than what 0:07:03.160 --> 0:07:06.560 you have is Alzheimer's. Yeah, and they aren't sure the 0:07:06.600 --> 0:07:10.760 cause of Alzheimer's still UM. Genetics is uh. They think 0:07:10.760 --> 0:07:13.720 has a lot to do with it. UM. And you 0:07:13.720 --> 0:07:15.840 can live with Alzheimer's for a while up to a 0:07:15.880 --> 0:07:19.120 decade all they they sit in this article, Moley says 0:07:19.160 --> 0:07:24.400 three to five years is more common, so it definitely 0:07:24.440 --> 0:07:27.040 shortened your lifespan. And like you said, UM, genes are 0:07:27.120 --> 0:07:33.400 definitely part of the risk factors. UM. A polypo protein, 0:07:34.120 --> 0:07:38.120 a pop protein eka, I think, UM, which is weird. 0:07:38.160 --> 0:07:40.800 If you have a mutation on this gene, you have 0:07:40.800 --> 0:07:43.320 a higher risk of Alzheimer's, even though the gene just 0:07:43.480 --> 0:07:47.880 codes for a protein that carries cholesterol through your bloodstream. Yeah, 0:07:47.920 --> 0:07:49.960 it doesn't have anything to do with the tow protein 0:07:50.400 --> 0:07:52.320 tangles or anything like that as far as I know. 0:07:52.680 --> 0:07:56.239 That's weird. Um. Also, if you have a family history 0:07:56.240 --> 0:07:59.280 of dementia you're you have of Alzheimer's, you have a 0:07:59.360 --> 0:08:03.200 higher likelihood UM. And then if you have down syndrome, 0:08:04.120 --> 0:08:07.160 you are at a higher risk of developing Alzheimer's in 0:08:07.200 --> 0:08:12.440 middle age. Interesting. So UM, that's and we will do 0:08:12.480 --> 0:08:16.160 one in Alzheimer's. But that's how Alzheimer's can cause dementia. Uh, 0:08:16.200 --> 0:08:21.000 there's also vascular dementia, which is that was the case 0:08:21.040 --> 0:08:24.280 with my grandfather who he had a stroke, and it 0:08:24.320 --> 0:08:29.400 accounts for about twenty of dementia cases. And uh, you know, 0:08:29.520 --> 0:08:32.440 stroke is when you have a loss of blood supply 0:08:32.520 --> 0:08:34.719 to the to the brain or a hemorrhage and or 0:08:34.800 --> 0:08:38.760 blood clot and it can be either um, one big 0:08:39.080 --> 0:08:42.240 stroke event which causes a lot of damage and that's 0:08:42.240 --> 0:08:45.040 a single in farct dementia, or it can be a 0:08:45.040 --> 0:08:48.959 lot of the accumulation of symptoms because of a lot 0:08:48.960 --> 0:08:52.360 of little many strokes you have over the years, and 0:08:52.400 --> 0:08:55.360 then the damage just builds up and you finally once 0:08:55.480 --> 0:08:58.400 once that last one, that that is the straw that 0:08:58.400 --> 0:09:02.800 breaks the camel's back. Yeah, and you have dementia. Um, 0:09:02.880 --> 0:09:06.400 that happens pretty rapidly after that last that last one, 0:09:06.440 --> 0:09:08.400 that last stroke you had. Yeah, and that's a multi 0:09:08.480 --> 0:09:11.280 infarc when it's a bunch of them. Um, and little 0:09:11.320 --> 0:09:13.200 mini strokes are common a lot. Sometimes you have them 0:09:13.200 --> 0:09:17.000 and don't even realize you've had him. Uh. With my grandfather, 0:09:17.080 --> 0:09:20.600 he he had the big one. And yeah, we talked 0:09:20.640 --> 0:09:25.520 about this before and I think something about speech, but um, yeah, 0:09:25.600 --> 0:09:29.240 he lost his ability to speak you know English. Uh, 0:09:29.400 --> 0:09:33.800 so that would be a phasia. Yes, he couldn't produce language. Well, 0:09:33.840 --> 0:09:36.439 he produced Yes, he cannot produce language. He said things, 0:09:36.760 --> 0:09:39.200 but it you know, it didn't make any sense, but 0:09:39.360 --> 0:09:42.600 he had an understanding. You could see the frustration. Uh, 0:09:42.840 --> 0:09:46.120 you know, I know how to how I'm supposed to. Uh, 0:09:46.160 --> 0:09:49.040 my grandmother is driving us, let's say, and he she 0:09:49.080 --> 0:09:51.840 doesn't know how to get there. He does and he 0:09:51.880 --> 0:09:55.160 can't tell her, but he's telling her. Yeah, it's just 0:09:55.200 --> 0:09:57.560 coming out all mixed up. And that's that's a hallmark 0:09:57.600 --> 0:10:01.440 of dementia, is um. There's emotional changes in the person 0:10:01.960 --> 0:10:06.080 because they they're not communicating like they want to say, 0:10:06.280 --> 0:10:09.600 people aren't responding like they want the people to, and 0:10:09.679 --> 0:10:13.640 they'll get snippy and then ultimately say withdrawal. They'll just 0:10:13.679 --> 0:10:16.240 give up on communicating at all because it's too frustrating 0:10:16.360 --> 0:10:19.960 or just too sad, you know, um, which is it's 0:10:20.000 --> 0:10:23.839 one of the common results of dementia. It's a comorbidity. 0:10:23.960 --> 0:10:26.559 Now it's a complication. Yeah. And then and with the 0:10:26.840 --> 0:10:30.280 single stroke event um or actually or with the multi 0:10:30.520 --> 0:10:34.520 uh strokes, it's different for everyone. There isn't any single 0:10:34.600 --> 0:10:37.439 like well, this is going to happen because this person 0:10:37.480 --> 0:10:40.680 had a stroke. It could be a variety of different 0:10:40.679 --> 0:10:43.560 things from you know, paralysis on one side of the 0:10:43.559 --> 0:10:47.520 face or body bow and bladder control problems. He didn't 0:10:47.559 --> 0:10:50.319 have any of those. He looked totally the same physically, 0:10:50.320 --> 0:10:53.000 He walked and talked this same except for the fact 0:10:53.040 --> 0:10:55.720 that they weren't real words. That was like the most 0:10:55.760 --> 0:10:59.360 noticeable thing. I remember you telling me about your grandfather before. 0:10:59.480 --> 0:11:01.240 I don't remember what it was a long time. We 0:11:01.240 --> 0:11:05.480 were talking about speech, like we're Nikki's area or Broca's area, Yeah, 0:11:05.600 --> 0:11:10.439 something like that. So with Alzheimer's, it first attacks the hippocampus, 0:11:10.480 --> 0:11:13.320 which means that it's going to take away your um 0:11:14.120 --> 0:11:19.120 episodic memory, which is your memory of recent events, right. Uh. 0:11:19.160 --> 0:11:21.360 And then it starts to move its way into other 0:11:21.440 --> 0:11:24.760 areas of the brain where your judgment is affected, your 0:11:24.760 --> 0:11:28.360 speech patterns are going to be affected, your personality is 0:11:28.559 --> 0:11:32.280 very much affected in changes with Alzheimer's. With Alzheimer's, but 0:11:32.320 --> 0:11:35.280 not as much with the stroke. Yeah, with vascular dementia, 0:11:35.640 --> 0:11:37.959 you know, there might be some other things um where 0:11:37.960 --> 0:11:40.360 like part of the faces sagging, or or the patient 0:11:40.440 --> 0:11:42.200 can't move their arm or something like that. But yeah, 0:11:42.200 --> 0:11:45.280 the personality will remain intact because those regions of the 0:11:45.320 --> 0:11:48.880 brain aren't affected like they are in Alzheimer's. And then 0:11:48.880 --> 0:11:52.840 in about five of dementia cases, Uh, it stems from 0:11:52.840 --> 0:11:57.720 something called Louis body dementia UM, which we were just 0:11:57.760 --> 0:12:00.720 talking about. They think Robin Williams might have suffered from 0:12:00.760 --> 0:12:03.200 He definitely did. He definitely did. They found in his 0:12:03.240 --> 0:12:05.240 autopsy he had. I think he was diagnosed with it 0:12:05.320 --> 0:12:07.920 before he died. That was one of the reasons why 0:12:07.960 --> 0:12:10.959 he took his life. Yeah, because that can cause severe 0:12:11.640 --> 0:12:15.640 intense hallucinations. Uh, big time. Did you look those up? Oh? Yeah, 0:12:15.679 --> 0:12:19.480 many scary stuff like very apparently a typical one is 0:12:19.600 --> 0:12:22.880 very brightly colored animal or person. Yeah, that you see 0:12:22.920 --> 0:12:27.000 in great detail for many minutes on daily daily basis, 0:12:27.040 --> 0:12:30.320 Like just intense hallucinations. I'm sure you think you're you know, 0:12:30.440 --> 0:12:32.640 losing it, right. And that's one of the first symptoms 0:12:32.640 --> 0:12:35.439 of a Louis body dementia. And it was discovered by 0:12:35.440 --> 0:12:39.160 Frederick Louis and nineteen twelve and has has nothing to 0:12:39.200 --> 0:12:41.880 do with your body. A Louis body is Uh, there 0:12:41.880 --> 0:12:46.760 are are deposits again, protein deposits of the alpha uh 0:12:46.880 --> 0:12:50.320 sinucleon that appear on the brain. So don't think of 0:12:50.360 --> 0:12:53.280 body in the terms of like your physical body. Uh. 0:12:53.320 --> 0:12:57.400 And this is also president Louis bodies and Parkinson's. So 0:12:57.440 --> 0:12:59.240 as a result, not only are you going to have 0:12:59.640 --> 0:13:02.400 some them similar to Alzheimer's with Louis body dementia, but 0:13:02.440 --> 0:13:06.760 also some of the tremors and balance issues of Parkinson's, 0:13:07.760 --> 0:13:10.680 which is uh, super sad as well. Is that what 0:13:10.800 --> 0:13:15.480 Michael J. Fox, Yes, Parkinson's. Yeah, and that's what the 0:13:15.559 --> 0:13:18.120 movie Awakenings was about. When they wasn't it like a 0:13:18.120 --> 0:13:20.920 group of Parkinson's patients that like L. Dobo worked on, 0:13:21.200 --> 0:13:23.520 is that Parkinson's I can't remember. I think they didn't. 0:13:23.559 --> 0:13:25.960 They didn't realize what they thought they were locked in 0:13:26.080 --> 0:13:28.640 or something, and then realized their Parkinson's trummers were so 0:13:28.960 --> 0:13:32.360 acute that they were like they were not even shaking, 0:13:32.360 --> 0:13:36.160 they were just yeah, interesting, They're just their muscles were 0:13:36.200 --> 0:13:39.480 totally contracted rather than contracting and relaxing again and again. 0:13:39.559 --> 0:13:44.680 And Robert Williams, Yeah, how about that? Yeah. Uh. Then 0:13:44.760 --> 0:13:48.160 we have something that used to be well it's called 0:13:48.200 --> 0:13:52.920 now front o temporal dementia, used to be called picks disease, 0:13:52.960 --> 0:13:56.840 but now Picks disease is a uh specific version which 0:13:56.880 --> 0:14:00.240 I couldn't really sus out what the difference is, could 0:14:00.240 --> 0:14:03.680 you know? I couldn't as long as it wasn't just me, 0:14:03.760 --> 0:14:07.560 I feel better. But f t D is it's really 0:14:07.559 --> 0:14:12.120 an umbrella term. Um. It's about five percent of dementia 0:14:12.200 --> 0:14:15.680 cases and it's going to affect personality and behavior and 0:14:15.800 --> 0:14:19.000 language time, big time. And it's where your frontal and 0:14:19.040 --> 0:14:22.760 temporal lobes are actually atrophying and shrinking, right, And the 0:14:22.800 --> 0:14:25.840 reason why is um. You remember, with Alzheimer's you have 0:14:25.960 --> 0:14:29.880 beta amyloid plaques and tow protein tangles. Well, with the 0:14:29.920 --> 0:14:33.640 frontal temporal dementia, you don't have the beta amaloid plaques. 0:14:33.720 --> 0:14:35.600 You just have the tow protein t angles. But it's 0:14:35.680 --> 0:14:40.040 enough to cause massive neuronal loss. Yeah, and this is 0:14:40.080 --> 0:14:42.240 like I think a lot of people at first think 0:14:42.280 --> 0:14:47.800 they might have UM tourette. Yeah, because you can yell 0:14:47.880 --> 0:14:51.720 things out inappropriate behaviors. Uh. Yeah, Like if your grandfather 0:14:52.000 --> 0:14:55.040 suddenly becomes hyper interested in sex and like likes to 0:14:55.080 --> 0:14:58.320 talk about it in public or exposes himself to people 0:14:58.360 --> 0:15:01.160 in public, there's a pretty good chance that he has 0:15:01.200 --> 0:15:04.840 developed front o temporal um dementia or if I did, 0:15:05.120 --> 0:15:10.080 because um, it's unusual in that it attacks younger people. Um, 0:15:10.120 --> 0:15:12.720 it's gonna on set between forty and seventy years old, 0:15:13.120 --> 0:15:16.320 which distinguishes it from other types of dementia. And if 0:15:16.320 --> 0:15:19.520 your grandfather used to do that stuff already, then that's 0:15:19.520 --> 0:15:22.680 not the case. The key here is that like this 0:15:22.720 --> 0:15:25.200 has come out of the blue, somebody has really just 0:15:25.440 --> 0:15:29.000 completely changed in their personality. They might get into really 0:15:29.080 --> 0:15:32.680 risky behavior like gambling all of a sudden, shop lifting, 0:15:34.120 --> 0:15:37.480 and like risky investments are like pulling all their money 0:15:37.520 --> 0:15:41.080 out of the bank and with picks disease too. Um, 0:15:41.320 --> 0:15:45.480 the apparently apathy is a big indicator of this. There's 0:15:45.480 --> 0:15:48.320 a big personality change and the person is no longer 0:15:48.800 --> 0:15:53.280 they have no empathy, they have blunted emotions, and then 0:15:53.320 --> 0:15:56.600 they may also be engaging in risky behavior. So basically, 0:15:57.080 --> 0:15:59.480 your grandpa or your grandma has just turned into like 0:15:59.520 --> 0:16:04.400 the trans border you know, or me or you, well, yeah, 0:16:04.800 --> 0:16:09.239 you lack empathy. No no, no, I'm just saying it's 0:16:09.280 --> 0:16:12.480 because it affects you. Something turned into you. Oh no, no, no, 0:16:12.760 --> 0:16:16.480 you have blunted emotions and you gamble. Uh, there's also 0:16:16.560 --> 0:16:20.600 Huntington's disease. Uh. This is uh, it seems like much 0:16:20.600 --> 0:16:25.480 more physical in nature, uncontrollable movements, although there are changes 0:16:25.520 --> 0:16:30.520 in in personality. But um real fidgety, herky jerky. Uh. 0:16:30.640 --> 0:16:34.160 Your brain loses the ability to control coordination essentially, right, 0:16:34.720 --> 0:16:40.640 which is I think, uh fifty chance of inheriting the gene. 0:16:40.640 --> 0:16:44.680 But you can live with it for up to twenty years. Yeah, 0:16:44.680 --> 0:16:47.520 which seems like as far as dementiao is one of 0:16:47.560 --> 0:16:52.000 the longer life expectancies. But again, I mean, like I 0:16:52.040 --> 0:16:55.440 would guess this has kind of become clear. The hallmark 0:16:55.520 --> 0:17:00.360 of dementia is memory loss paired with some other problem 0:17:00.400 --> 0:17:03.640 like not being able to create speech any longer recognized speech, 0:17:03.680 --> 0:17:05.600 or not being able to move that kind of thing, 0:17:05.880 --> 0:17:09.720 or not being able to plan um. And like we said, 0:17:10.359 --> 0:17:13.240 well we should probably take a break. Huh. Yeah, we 0:17:13.320 --> 0:17:15.080 got a couple of more types that we'll talk about 0:17:15.119 --> 0:17:18.000 and then some other good stuff. Okay, right after this, 0:17:37.920 --> 0:17:40.920 the last two, actually the last three we're gonna talk 0:17:40.960 --> 0:17:43.600 about because there are many, many other kinds of dementia. 0:17:43.960 --> 0:17:46.240 Like we could spend hours and hours talking about all 0:17:46.280 --> 0:17:50.600 the different kinds hours, but we have talked about kreitz 0:17:50.640 --> 0:17:54.520 Felt yakup disease, and I can't remember which one. And 0:17:56.000 --> 0:17:59.440 is there a disease that kills by preventing sleep? Oh? 0:17:59.480 --> 0:18:01.520 Is that the one which we should have rightly called 0:18:01.560 --> 0:18:04.439 how prion diseases worked? Yeah, because it is is a 0:18:04.480 --> 0:18:08.480 prion infection. It's very rare, about one um out of 0:18:08.480 --> 0:18:11.240 a million people will be affected in any given year, 0:18:11.600 --> 0:18:17.560 like mad cow disease. Yeah, exactly. Um, it's a sponge 0:18:17.600 --> 0:18:22.440 of form disease. So crazy it is. It's very interesting. 0:18:23.080 --> 0:18:26.359 It could be genetic. Um. But and I thought we 0:18:26.400 --> 0:18:29.639 also talked about it an organ transplant. We I think so, 0:18:29.800 --> 0:18:33.639 because it can occur because of infected tissue that you 0:18:34.080 --> 0:18:36.680 are implanted with or from an organ. Yeah. And this 0:18:36.760 --> 0:18:40.760 is neuronal loss due to the like holes literally being 0:18:40.800 --> 0:18:46.960 eaten into your brain by this disease. Yeah. Um. And 0:18:47.000 --> 0:18:50.480 then you can also get dementia UM from from when 0:18:50.520 --> 0:18:54.600 you have HIV. If you are a boxer or say 0:18:54.640 --> 0:18:58.440 a football player in the NFL, you may have dementia 0:18:58.480 --> 0:19:03.720 from a traumatic brain injury, a concussion or repeated concussions. Um. 0:19:03.800 --> 0:19:08.280 And there are plenty of diseases. There's also um reversible 0:19:08.280 --> 0:19:11.880 dementia too. If you have a vitamin deficiency, if you 0:19:12.240 --> 0:19:18.880 um uh take certain medications, um, you can develop dementia. 0:19:19.000 --> 0:19:22.240 But this is reversible for the most part. Though age 0:19:22.240 --> 0:19:26.840 associated dementia is not reversible. And like we said, it's 0:19:26.920 --> 0:19:30.720 kind of tricky to diagnose this stuff because it is 0:19:30.800 --> 0:19:35.119 normal for people to become more forgetful as you age, 0:19:36.000 --> 0:19:38.760 and then to make it even more confounding if you're 0:19:39.240 --> 0:19:44.040 a diagnostician, not only are do people get more forgetful. 0:19:44.080 --> 0:19:48.800 There's an intermediate stage between dementia, a dementia diagnosis, and 0:19:48.880 --> 0:19:53.200 just normal age related forgetfulness, and that is um called 0:19:53.240 --> 0:19:57.560 mild cognitive impairment. So if you can catch this from 0:19:57.600 --> 0:20:00.280 what I understand, and we'll talk about treat and said 0:20:00.280 --> 0:20:03.360 everything later. But if you can catch things like Alzheimer's 0:20:03.359 --> 0:20:07.040 and other um other diseases that lead to dementia early, 0:20:07.760 --> 0:20:10.240 although there's no cure for any of them, you can 0:20:11.040 --> 0:20:14.280 you can manage them a lot better and delay say 0:20:14.359 --> 0:20:18.640 death or like the real devastation associated with it by 0:20:18.800 --> 0:20:21.879 a significant amount of time. But it's catching is the 0:20:21.880 --> 0:20:26.080 tricky part. And especially if you have dementia, you don't 0:20:26.119 --> 0:20:29.960 really realize that there's any kind of problem. Um, So 0:20:30.000 --> 0:20:33.560 you're probably not going to take yourself to the doctor. No, 0:20:34.200 --> 0:20:35.960 but you what you should do is listen to your 0:20:36.000 --> 0:20:38.280 loved ones because they are going to be looking at 0:20:38.320 --> 0:20:41.679 you a little more closely uh than you can. You 0:20:41.680 --> 0:20:45.480 know that that they're more perspective. Yeah, exactly, that's what 0:20:45.520 --> 0:20:49.080 you're looking for. Um, So don't get you know, don't 0:20:49.080 --> 0:20:51.520 get offended if if a loved one says, let's go 0:20:51.560 --> 0:20:53.760 get you checked out, because you can do something if 0:20:53.760 --> 0:20:57.119 you catch it early on. Unless you're very wealthy and 0:20:57.359 --> 0:20:59.960 it's you're no good nephew that you've never trusted anyone, 0:21:00.760 --> 0:21:05.800 you know, then maybe bring a lawyer in on it. Uh. 0:21:05.920 --> 0:21:08.440 So if you do go get checked out. Um, from 0:21:08.440 --> 0:21:10.680 the second you walk in the door, your doctor is 0:21:10.720 --> 0:21:13.920 gonna be eyeball on you and looking for any signs, 0:21:14.560 --> 0:21:18.840 um just from their their trained eye, like you know, 0:21:18.880 --> 0:21:21.280 from how you walk to the way you answer questions, 0:21:22.000 --> 0:21:24.679 to how they interact with you. Uh, they want to 0:21:24.680 --> 0:21:27.040 know you're They're gonna have to know your history, um 0:21:27.080 --> 0:21:31.399 because they need to have some context to compare it to. Right, 0:21:31.520 --> 0:21:34.080 like were you always a compulsive gambler? Is just like 0:21:34.320 --> 0:21:36.880 new behavior yeah, and it helps to bring you know 0:21:37.080 --> 0:21:40.280 if if um, if you're older, maybe bring your grown 0:21:40.320 --> 0:21:43.040 son or daughter with you or whoever has a lot 0:21:43.080 --> 0:21:48.159 of contact, although your spouse you never know what, I 0:21:48.160 --> 0:21:50.520 don't know, maybe trying to get ready you. Oh yeah 0:21:50.680 --> 0:21:54.639 like that, No good, nephew, Yeah exactly. Um, I'm just kidding, 0:21:54.640 --> 0:21:57.600 of course, although I'm sure that happens. Then there are 0:21:57.600 --> 0:21:59.840 a couple of tests that they usually do in conjunction 0:21:59.840 --> 0:22:04.959 with one another, um, the Mini Mental State Examination the 0:22:05.080 --> 0:22:08.040 m m s E UM just a lot of basic 0:22:08.119 --> 0:22:12.240 questions there um for mental tasks, but they're coded. The 0:22:12.280 --> 0:22:16.240 tasks are yeah, and they're scored individually. Yeah. Um. And 0:22:16.600 --> 0:22:21.520 when you when you M say question three, this person 0:22:21.560 --> 0:22:25.080 got an eid on, you can go over and be like, yeah, dementia. 0:22:25.480 --> 0:22:29.960 It's actually pretty effective actually. And there's another test that 0:22:30.080 --> 0:22:33.640 ties into the mm SC that um. There they both 0:22:33.680 --> 0:22:37.199 indicate one another, which apparently they're both really good at 0:22:37.240 --> 0:22:40.560 indicating dementia. But there's other tests called the clock drawing test. 0:22:40.640 --> 0:22:42.479 Did you look this thing up? Yeah? I thought that's 0:22:42.480 --> 0:22:46.280 pretty fascinating. It really is. It seems really like, why 0:22:46.320 --> 0:22:49.879 would someone tell someone to draw a clock at a 0:22:49.880 --> 0:22:52.399 certain time of the day. Yeah. Usually they say draw 0:22:52.520 --> 0:22:57.720 a clock showing that it's ten after eleven. And it 0:22:57.760 --> 0:22:59.959 makes a lot of sense in a lot of way 0:23:00.080 --> 0:23:02.679 because it draws on all these different kinds or different 0:23:02.720 --> 0:23:06.800 regions of the brain, different um skills. Right, So, like, 0:23:07.000 --> 0:23:09.480 first of all, you have to remember what a clock 0:23:09.680 --> 0:23:12.439 is and what it signifies. That's a big one. What 0:23:12.480 --> 0:23:15.479 it looks like. Uh, yeah, as clock isn't made of 0:23:15.520 --> 0:23:18.719 like squiggly lines or anything like that. Um, you have 0:23:18.760 --> 0:23:21.000 to remember how a clock is laid out, the order 0:23:21.040 --> 0:23:23.560 that the numbers go in that it doesn't keep going 0:23:23.600 --> 0:23:27.480 after twelve to thirteen, fourteen, fifteen. And then once you 0:23:27.560 --> 0:23:30.400 got all this, you have to show the hands showing 0:23:30.720 --> 0:23:34.240 that it's ten after eleven. So the hands won't be 0:23:34.280 --> 0:23:37.240 pointing at ten and eleven, it should be uh, the 0:23:37.359 --> 0:23:39.560 longer hand should be pointing at the two, and the 0:23:39.560 --> 0:23:42.640 shorter hand should be just past the eleven. Right. This 0:23:42.760 --> 0:23:46.200 requires a tremendous amount of brain power, even though it's 0:23:46.280 --> 0:23:48.160 very simple and straightforward, and you can tell a lot 0:23:48.240 --> 0:23:52.600 about a person's mental faculties just by having them draw this. Yeah, 0:23:52.680 --> 0:23:56.280 the four specific things that requires their verbal understanding memory 0:23:56.720 --> 0:24:00.359 spatially coded knowledge and constructive skills, and if any of 0:24:00.400 --> 0:24:03.560 those are off in conjunction with the MMS, then they're 0:24:03.560 --> 0:24:05.480 gonna have a pretty good idea where you fall on 0:24:05.520 --> 0:24:08.520 the dementia scale. If you don't have the constructive skills 0:24:08.520 --> 0:24:11.560 to pay the bills, you may have dementia. That's right. 0:24:11.800 --> 0:24:14.440 And they actually, um, I looked at one study about 0:24:14.520 --> 0:24:17.359 the clock drawing tests. Basically I think it was just 0:24:17.400 --> 0:24:19.720