1 00:00:03,400 --> 00:00:12,600 Speaker 1: Get in touch with technology. What's tech stuff from dot com? 2 00:00:12,720 --> 00:00:15,720 Speaker 1: Hey there, and welcome to tech stuff. I'm Jonathan Strickland 3 00:00:15,760 --> 00:00:18,400 Speaker 1: and I'm Lauren Fock Obama. And we thought today we 4 00:00:18,440 --> 00:00:21,560 Speaker 1: would do a little star gazing. But we're not out 5 00:00:21,600 --> 00:00:25,279 Speaker 1: doorsy types. Lauren. Uh, well, I mean we can be, 6 00:00:25,440 --> 00:00:27,800 Speaker 1: but actually at night it's more or less fun. Yeah, 7 00:00:27,800 --> 00:00:31,120 Speaker 1: it's really the sun gets us. But but anyway, sometimes 8 00:00:31,240 --> 00:00:34,320 Speaker 1: sometimes you're just not able to really do some good 9 00:00:34,360 --> 00:00:37,280 Speaker 1: star gazing depending upon where you are. Maybe it's overcast, 10 00:00:37,360 --> 00:00:39,519 Speaker 1: or maybe there are other conditions will talk about that 11 00:00:39,600 --> 00:00:41,640 Speaker 1: kind of prevents you from doing it. So where do 12 00:00:41,680 --> 00:00:44,800 Speaker 1: you go for star gazing when the stars are not 13 00:00:44,840 --> 00:00:49,720 Speaker 1: necessarily visible to you at that particular moment. Planetarium would 14 00:00:49,720 --> 00:00:52,840 Speaker 1: be a pretty good option. Yes, it is not pronounced 15 00:00:52,840 --> 00:00:56,240 Speaker 1: as Matt Frederick would say, as a planet arium. It's 16 00:00:56,240 --> 00:01:00,840 Speaker 1: a planetarium which is essentially uh in enclosed with an 17 00:01:00,920 --> 00:01:04,480 Speaker 1: artificial sky that has stars and sometimes plants and sometimes 18 00:01:04,480 --> 00:01:08,560 Speaker 1: other celestial bodies represented some kind of space scape. Yeah. 19 00:01:08,720 --> 00:01:11,640 Speaker 1: So there are a lot of different types of planetariums 20 00:01:11,640 --> 00:01:14,800 Speaker 1: that all use a very similar approach, but you know, 21 00:01:14,840 --> 00:01:17,480 Speaker 1: the actual implementation can differ between one and the other. 22 00:01:17,959 --> 00:01:21,040 Speaker 1: But we wanted to talk more about all of the 23 00:01:21,800 --> 00:01:24,640 Speaker 1: kind of history that built into coming up to the 24 00:01:24,640 --> 00:01:27,320 Speaker 1: planetariums as well as how they actually work. Right. We 25 00:01:27,360 --> 00:01:30,040 Speaker 1: didn't want to just explain it's a projector and then 26 00:01:30,120 --> 00:01:33,240 Speaker 1: go in from there. I mean, because because basically it's 27 00:01:33,240 --> 00:01:35,520 Speaker 1: a projector. Yea, So we could just say it's a projector, 28 00:01:35,560 --> 00:01:39,640 Speaker 1: and if you know how a projector, it's a Friday, 29 00:01:39,640 --> 00:01:42,240 Speaker 1: so we're ready to go home. But no, we wanted 30 00:01:42,240 --> 00:01:45,679 Speaker 1: to actually talk about the history of planetariums because it's 31 00:01:45,720 --> 00:01:49,720 Speaker 1: a fascinating story. I mean, obviously, as as a species, 32 00:01:49,840 --> 00:01:54,960 Speaker 1: humans have been fascinated with the heavens since before recorded history. 33 00:01:55,240 --> 00:01:58,440 Speaker 1: I mean, this is something that we've obviously been really 34 00:01:59,200 --> 00:02:03,560 Speaker 1: amazed by over thousands of years. It's pretty amazing. And 35 00:02:03,920 --> 00:02:06,480 Speaker 1: what's interesting is that there have been lots of different 36 00:02:06,760 --> 00:02:13,880 Speaker 1: attempts to create a an indoor version of this experience, 37 00:02:14,360 --> 00:02:17,040 Speaker 1: because it's not always convenient to go outside and do 38 00:02:17,120 --> 00:02:20,320 Speaker 1: all your your work. And based upon thousands of years 39 00:02:20,320 --> 00:02:24,000 Speaker 1: of observations, we got pretty good at figure out how 40 00:02:24,040 --> 00:02:26,600 Speaker 1: to represent the night sky in a way that was 41 00:02:26,639 --> 00:02:29,880 Speaker 1: accurate even with the movement of things like planets in 42 00:02:29,919 --> 00:02:34,079 Speaker 1: the moon and the Sun and Earth itself. Yeah, I 43 00:02:34,120 --> 00:02:35,720 Speaker 1: mean it took us a while to figure that part out, 44 00:02:36,240 --> 00:02:39,560 Speaker 1: that the Earth itself was moving and not say everything 45 00:02:39,560 --> 00:02:42,280 Speaker 1: else was moving around the Earth. And depending upon whom 46 00:02:42,320 --> 00:02:45,919 Speaker 1: you are, you might still argue that thinking of a 47 00:02:45,960 --> 00:02:51,120 Speaker 1: specific documentary that Jane Way was the voice for anyway. So, 48 00:02:51,680 --> 00:02:55,040 Speaker 1: assuming you're not having this geocentric view, even even that 49 00:02:55,400 --> 00:02:58,799 Speaker 1: would allow you to see that the the heavens move 50 00:02:58,919 --> 00:03:01,840 Speaker 1: in a very pretty actable way. It may take a 51 00:03:01,880 --> 00:03:04,440 Speaker 1: long time for a particular cycle to happen, but once 52 00:03:04,520 --> 00:03:07,120 Speaker 1: you know what those cycles are, you could predict make 53 00:03:07,200 --> 00:03:12,720 Speaker 1: observations that would end up either verifying or or negating 54 00:03:12,800 --> 00:03:16,880 Speaker 1: the previous guesswork, and eventually you make it into a science. 55 00:03:16,919 --> 00:03:24,680 Speaker 1: So why our planetariums themselves awesome? Well, for one, you 56 00:03:24,680 --> 00:03:26,760 Speaker 1: get to look at the stars, even if again you 57 00:03:26,800 --> 00:03:29,040 Speaker 1: are in a place where you can't normally see them, 58 00:03:29,040 --> 00:03:31,359 Speaker 1: like here in Atlanta, we get a lot of what's 59 00:03:31,400 --> 00:03:35,040 Speaker 1: called light pollution. So that's just a you know, any 60 00:03:35,240 --> 00:03:37,680 Speaker 1: major city tends to have this where you've got lots 61 00:03:37,680 --> 00:03:40,160 Speaker 1: of lights that are on at night, and that tends 62 00:03:40,240 --> 00:03:42,440 Speaker 1: to drown out some of the stars. You can't see 63 00:03:42,480 --> 00:03:44,680 Speaker 1: the fainter ones. You really only see the brightest ones 64 00:03:44,720 --> 00:03:47,000 Speaker 1: that are in the sky. Uh. You know, you might 65 00:03:47,000 --> 00:03:48,960 Speaker 1: be able to see things like Venus, which are that's 66 00:03:48,960 --> 00:03:51,840 Speaker 1: that's extremely bright, and you might see some of the 67 00:03:51,880 --> 00:03:55,440 Speaker 1: major stars and some of the major constellations, but you're 68 00:03:55,440 --> 00:03:58,440 Speaker 1: missing out on a lot certainly. So unless you go 69 00:03:58,600 --> 00:04:01,000 Speaker 1: way out into the middle of no Aware where there 70 00:04:01,040 --> 00:04:03,640 Speaker 1: aren't so many lights, or you have to live someplace 71 00:04:03,680 --> 00:04:06,560 Speaker 1: that has really strict rules about the lights at night. 72 00:04:06,720 --> 00:04:09,440 Speaker 1: Because there are a few of those places, you probably 73 00:04:09,600 --> 00:04:11,960 Speaker 1: can't see that many. And even in those places it 74 00:04:12,040 --> 00:04:16,040 Speaker 1: sometimes rains or gets cloudy. It turns out clouds really 75 00:04:16,080 --> 00:04:19,680 Speaker 1: inhibit the star gazing activities. Also, the sky over the 76 00:04:19,760 --> 00:04:23,559 Speaker 1: Southern Hemisphere is different than that over the Northern Hemisphere. So, um, 77 00:04:23,600 --> 00:04:27,279 Speaker 1: if if you don't travel back and forth pretty frequently 78 00:04:27,400 --> 00:04:30,200 Speaker 1: between the two, Yeah, if you don't cross the line 79 00:04:30,560 --> 00:04:33,280 Speaker 1: over at the equator and shout out to all my 80 00:04:33,360 --> 00:04:37,360 Speaker 1: navy buddies who do um, if you don't do that frequently, yeah, 81 00:04:37,520 --> 00:04:39,480 Speaker 1: you know, you miss out on the way the sky 82 00:04:39,640 --> 00:04:42,320 Speaker 1: looks and in the Southern hemisphere, or if you live 83 00:04:42,360 --> 00:04:45,040 Speaker 1: in the Southern hemisphere the Northern hemisphere, so I'll fly 84 00:04:45,160 --> 00:04:47,039 Speaker 1: to our New Zealand listeners. There's a lot of you. 85 00:04:47,240 --> 00:04:49,600 Speaker 1: There's actually quite a few of you. UM. I will 86 00:04:49,640 --> 00:04:52,800 Speaker 1: not confuse you with the Australian listeners, please don't we 87 00:04:52,800 --> 00:04:56,800 Speaker 1: We love all of you equally. So if you've never 88 00:04:56,880 --> 00:04:58,719 Speaker 1: been there, but you want to see what the sky 89 00:04:58,880 --> 00:05:02,400 Speaker 1: looks like up Manitarium, some of them, anyway, can accommodate you. 90 00:05:02,480 --> 00:05:05,719 Speaker 1: A lot of them have the capability of showing the 91 00:05:05,960 --> 00:05:09,479 Speaker 1: stars over any particular point on Earth. Like That's how 92 00:05:09,560 --> 00:05:13,559 Speaker 1: sophisticated they've become. So not only that, but they many 93 00:05:13,640 --> 00:05:15,800 Speaker 1: of them can also show you what the sky would 94 00:05:15,800 --> 00:05:18,520 Speaker 1: look like on any given date. So you might say, well, 95 00:05:18,520 --> 00:05:21,080 Speaker 1: what did the sky look like yesterday? What will it 96 00:05:21,120 --> 00:05:24,040 Speaker 1: look like tomorrow? What will it look like in a century? 97 00:05:24,200 --> 00:05:26,840 Speaker 1: What will it look like a hundred centuries from now? 98 00:05:26,880 --> 00:05:28,839 Speaker 1: What did it look like back in the day that 99 00:05:29,240 --> 00:05:32,039 Speaker 1: Shakespeare wrote his plays? Like, you could do any of 100 00:05:32,040 --> 00:05:34,320 Speaker 1: those things, and by plugging in some some numbers. The 101 00:05:34,360 --> 00:05:39,080 Speaker 1: computers that handle the calculations for most of these uh devices, 102 00:05:39,120 --> 00:05:40,679 Speaker 1: not all of them, some of them are a little older, 103 00:05:40,680 --> 00:05:43,840 Speaker 1: but most of them can take that into consideration and 104 00:05:44,000 --> 00:05:47,480 Speaker 1: actually determine what the position of the planets would be 105 00:05:47,520 --> 00:05:51,240 Speaker 1: on any given date, the stars, etcetera, which is pretty awesome. Yeah. Um, 106 00:05:51,279 --> 00:05:54,440 Speaker 1: they can also be used to teach celestial navigation, and 107 00:05:54,560 --> 00:05:57,240 Speaker 1: they certainly were used for that purpose during World War two. 108 00:05:57,520 --> 00:06:02,640 Speaker 1: Very useful, especially if you can't always depend upon instruments 109 00:06:02,720 --> 00:06:09,360 Speaker 1: to be able to get around. Also, hey, it teaches astronomy. Yeah, 110 00:06:09,680 --> 00:06:11,760 Speaker 1: you know, I always almost left that out of the notes, 111 00:06:11,920 --> 00:06:14,320 Speaker 1: and I was like, yeah, that's a that's a big deal. 112 00:06:14,440 --> 00:06:17,960 Speaker 1: I guess that's the thing. Yeah. So obviously the astronomers 113 00:06:18,000 --> 00:06:20,719 Speaker 1: out there if you want to be able to identify 114 00:06:21,520 --> 00:06:24,640 Speaker 1: various star clusters things like that, and a lot of 115 00:06:24,680 --> 00:06:28,320 Speaker 1: these have special um projectors that will show things like 116 00:06:28,320 --> 00:06:31,520 Speaker 1: the Milky Way galaxy or other nebula or things like that. 117 00:06:32,080 --> 00:06:34,400 Speaker 1: And that's important. Oh sure, sure, but we will get 118 00:06:34,400 --> 00:06:37,960 Speaker 1: into that later on. Um, let's talk for right now 119 00:06:38,040 --> 00:06:40,680 Speaker 1: about the history of these devices, because people have been 120 00:06:40,720 --> 00:06:45,440 Speaker 1: painting the sky on ceilings I mean for for basically ever. Yeah, 121 00:06:45,480 --> 00:06:48,040 Speaker 1: I mean, like I got a cousin who has the 122 00:06:48,080 --> 00:06:51,000 Speaker 1: Glow in the Dark ones that's been on her her 123 00:06:51,040 --> 00:06:54,919 Speaker 1: bedroom ceiling like since she was like four. So yeah. Also, 124 00:06:54,960 --> 00:06:56,919 Speaker 1: there's a star map on the ceiling of the tomb 125 00:06:56,960 --> 00:07:02,920 Speaker 1: of the Egyptian official sinement that dates from that does 126 00:07:03,000 --> 00:07:05,760 Speaker 1: predate my cousin, so a little bit your your argument 127 00:07:05,800 --> 00:07:08,919 Speaker 1: is valid. Yeah, I mean this is something, like I said, 128 00:07:09,160 --> 00:07:12,040 Speaker 1: humans have been fascinated with the stars for as long 129 00:07:12,080 --> 00:07:15,640 Speaker 1: as we've been looking around and being able to express 130 00:07:15,680 --> 00:07:19,880 Speaker 1: our thoughts. So it's no surprise that we're seeing evidence 131 00:07:19,920 --> 00:07:23,360 Speaker 1: of that in in prehistoric and and uh, you know, 132 00:07:23,960 --> 00:07:30,200 Speaker 1: just post historic, fairly historic uh, you know, drawings and 133 00:07:30,200 --> 00:07:33,520 Speaker 1: and uh and depictions on things like this tomb. And 134 00:07:33,640 --> 00:07:36,720 Speaker 1: then we have some early examples of what could be 135 00:07:36,840 --> 00:07:41,600 Speaker 1: something like a planetarium from the Arabic world right right there, 136 00:07:41,720 --> 00:07:44,880 Speaker 1: there were Arabic tents made with holes in the fabric 137 00:07:44,920 --> 00:07:48,440 Speaker 1: to let outside lights shine through, representing each star or 138 00:07:48,560 --> 00:07:51,000 Speaker 1: each star as they knew them. And in that time 139 00:07:51,440 --> 00:07:55,320 Speaker 1: um described in European History Circle that twelve hundreds are 140 00:07:55,360 --> 00:07:57,760 Speaker 1: so and so that's that's you know, that's a good 141 00:07:57,760 --> 00:08:01,440 Speaker 1: while back, right and then we had, uh, let's let's 142 00:08:01,520 --> 00:08:04,720 Speaker 1: switch up to say, oh, I don't know, let's let's 143 00:08:04,760 --> 00:08:08,000 Speaker 1: go to the idea of using globes and sky maps. 144 00:08:08,000 --> 00:08:09,840 Speaker 1: This is really cool too. So starting a couple of 145 00:08:09,880 --> 00:08:12,400 Speaker 1: thousand years ago, it became really popular in the West 146 00:08:12,480 --> 00:08:15,480 Speaker 1: to draw sky maps on globes, and um the first 147 00:08:15,720 --> 00:08:18,920 Speaker 1: planetarium is known to history. Were huge versions of these, 148 00:08:19,000 --> 00:08:21,600 Speaker 1: like big enough for people to sit in. A really 149 00:08:21,600 --> 00:08:24,800 Speaker 1: famous example is the gor Top Globe, supposedly based on 150 00:08:24,880 --> 00:08:28,800 Speaker 1: plans found among Tico Brahe's papers. Okay, so wait, wait, wait, 151 00:08:29,040 --> 00:08:31,680 Speaker 1: Tico Bray. I've always heard Tycho Bray. Where did you 152 00:08:31,680 --> 00:08:35,120 Speaker 1: hear Tico Brian. I'm one of my astronomy professors in 153 00:08:35,400 --> 00:08:38,720 Speaker 1: college called him Tico. That's good enough for me. So 154 00:08:38,880 --> 00:08:40,880 Speaker 1: I know, I know that the Penny Arcade dude calls 155 00:08:40,960 --> 00:08:46,640 Speaker 1: himself Tycho, but hey, we're going with an astronomy professor's approach. 156 00:08:46,720 --> 00:08:49,319 Speaker 1: I'm I'm all right with bowing to authority on this one. 157 00:08:50,360 --> 00:08:53,880 Speaker 1: He had a really impressive beard, so that also, I mean, 158 00:08:54,080 --> 00:08:58,240 Speaker 1: that's like credentials in the astronomy world. So that's totally cool. 159 00:08:58,720 --> 00:09:00,319 Speaker 1: So that that was that was built in the mid 160 00:09:00,400 --> 00:09:02,960 Speaker 1: sixteen hundreds and what's now Germany, and it was large 161 00:09:03,080 --> 00:09:05,520 Speaker 1: enough for like twelve people to sit in on these 162 00:09:05,520 --> 00:09:09,480 Speaker 1: circular benches that were around a table um where refreshments 163 00:09:09,480 --> 00:09:12,959 Speaker 1: could be served. Obviously, um so, so the So the object, 164 00:09:13,000 --> 00:09:16,160 Speaker 1: this globe was about ten ft or three meters in diameter, 165 00:09:16,600 --> 00:09:20,439 Speaker 1: and the stars in it were these gilded, spangled fixtures 166 00:09:20,480 --> 00:09:23,440 Speaker 1: in the inside surface of the globe that we're eliminated 167 00:09:23,440 --> 00:09:25,319 Speaker 1: by a lamp that would sit on the table along 168 00:09:25,360 --> 00:09:28,200 Speaker 1: with your you know, snaky cakes. Interesting. So it's like 169 00:09:28,600 --> 00:09:32,320 Speaker 1: it's like if you look at a regular globe, you know, 170 00:09:32,360 --> 00:09:34,440 Speaker 1: that's something that we look at on the outside surface 171 00:09:34,640 --> 00:09:37,120 Speaker 1: obviously that's you know, representing the Earth. But this is 172 00:09:37,160 --> 00:09:39,680 Speaker 1: one where we would go on the inside and we're 173 00:09:39,679 --> 00:09:43,320 Speaker 1: looking at the inner wall, which is representing the heavens, 174 00:09:43,320 --> 00:09:45,400 Speaker 1: the heavens right right, and the outside of it was 175 00:09:45,440 --> 00:09:48,480 Speaker 1: actually painted like like the Earth. It had all of 176 00:09:48,480 --> 00:09:50,560 Speaker 1: the continents and everything on it. Pretty cool that whole 177 00:09:50,559 --> 00:09:53,559 Speaker 1: globe shell could could rotate around the viewers thanks to 178 00:09:53,600 --> 00:09:56,520 Speaker 1: some water powered machinery. And it took some ten years 179 00:09:56,559 --> 00:10:00,960 Speaker 1: to build and weighs like three tons, despite which it 180 00:10:01,000 --> 00:10:03,360 Speaker 1: was moved to St. Petersburg as a gift to Peter 181 00:10:03,440 --> 00:10:08,040 Speaker 1: the Great in seventeen seventeen. Shortly after that, it was 182 00:10:08,880 --> 00:10:12,560 Speaker 1: partially destroyed in a fire, then restored, then stolen by 183 00:10:12,600 --> 00:10:15,880 Speaker 1: the Germans in World War Two, found by US troops 184 00:10:15,960 --> 00:10:20,000 Speaker 1: and restored again to St. Petersburg. I'm pretty sure that 185 00:10:20,040 --> 00:10:23,120 Speaker 1: should be an Indiana Jones plot. All right, it's great, 186 00:10:23,120 --> 00:10:27,600 Speaker 1: and this thing weighs three tons. It takes some determination 187 00:10:27,880 --> 00:10:31,559 Speaker 1: to steal anything that weighs three tons. That's pretty incredible. 188 00:10:31,840 --> 00:10:35,720 Speaker 1: But so the practice of making these these enterable sky 189 00:10:35,800 --> 00:10:39,079 Speaker 1: globes like this unwieldy as they were persisted into the 190 00:10:39,160 --> 00:10:43,120 Speaker 1: nineteen hundreds. The Museum of the Chicago Academy of Sciences 191 00:10:43,160 --> 00:10:46,920 Speaker 1: built their Atwood globe as late as nine um and 192 00:10:46,920 --> 00:10:48,920 Speaker 1: and that's that's about the same size, a little bigger 193 00:10:48,920 --> 00:10:51,480 Speaker 1: at measure sixteen feet, that's about five meters in diameter 194 00:10:52,000 --> 00:10:55,560 Speaker 1: um and shows six nine two stars plus the planets 195 00:10:55,600 --> 00:10:58,760 Speaker 1: in our solar system, as as holes through which outside 196 00:10:58,840 --> 00:11:02,440 Speaker 1: light can shine. It's electric and the shell can spin 197 00:11:02,559 --> 00:11:06,520 Speaker 1: once every eight minutes around viewers. Interesting, and so this 198 00:11:06,640 --> 00:11:09,120 Speaker 1: is kind of it's it's like it's taking a note 199 00:11:09,160 --> 00:11:12,000 Speaker 1: back from those old Arabic tents, right the lights coming 200 00:11:12,040 --> 00:11:15,760 Speaker 1: from outside shining through holes, and that's what represents the stars, 201 00:11:15,880 --> 00:11:17,880 Speaker 1: very much like those tents that had the holes pin 202 00:11:17,920 --> 00:11:20,880 Speaker 1: break through the tent canvas, right right. You know, of 203 00:11:20,920 --> 00:11:24,280 Speaker 1: course this depends on either in this case probably electric 204 00:11:24,440 --> 00:11:26,720 Speaker 1: lights outside or in the case of those tents, having 205 00:11:26,760 --> 00:11:29,120 Speaker 1: a good source of sunlight in order to see what's 206 00:11:29,120 --> 00:11:32,520 Speaker 1: going on. Um. But by the way, a couple of 207 00:11:32,520 --> 00:11:34,839 Speaker 1: distinctions that I wanted to make here. If you've ever 208 00:11:34,840 --> 00:11:38,160 Speaker 1: heard of an ory um, that's that's a physical model 209 00:11:38,200 --> 00:11:41,240 Speaker 1: of the planets in our Solar system, and sometimes also 210 00:11:41,800 --> 00:11:47,240 Speaker 1: called a planetarium, and they're also sometimes included in planetariums. 211 00:11:47,240 --> 00:11:50,679 Speaker 1: So that's nice and confusing, right, So orris are if 212 00:11:50,720 --> 00:11:52,839 Speaker 1: you've ever seen one of those physical models where you've 213 00:11:52,880 --> 00:11:54,320 Speaker 1: got the Sun in the center and then you have 214 00:11:54,360 --> 00:11:56,720 Speaker 1: all the different planets that can spin around the Sun. 215 00:11:57,040 --> 00:12:01,000 Speaker 1: Sometimes they are actually mounted on gears or motors so 216 00:12:01,040 --> 00:12:04,600 Speaker 1: that it represents the accurate movement of each of these 217 00:12:04,640 --> 00:12:07,920 Speaker 1: bodies as they would move in relation to one another. 218 00:12:08,200 --> 00:12:11,360 Speaker 1: So for example, the Earth's uh, the Earth's movement around 219 00:12:11,400 --> 00:12:14,080 Speaker 1: the Sun is different from Saint Mars, which is different 220 00:12:14,120 --> 00:12:17,080 Speaker 1: from Neptune or Saturn. Anyway, you would be able to 221 00:12:17,120 --> 00:12:19,720 Speaker 1: watch these and see how they move in relation to 222 00:12:19,760 --> 00:12:22,520 Speaker 1: each other, see the times when they happen to aligne 223 00:12:22,600 --> 00:12:26,520 Speaker 1: when they get out of alignment, and it's really fascinating 224 00:12:26,640 --> 00:12:29,839 Speaker 1: to see an orry but it's from an outside perspective. 225 00:12:29,840 --> 00:12:32,280 Speaker 1: You're not looking from the inside out. You're looking as 226 00:12:32,320 --> 00:12:34,920 Speaker 1: if you were able to distance yourself all the way 227 00:12:34,960 --> 00:12:37,600 Speaker 1: out of the solar system and look in on it, right, 228 00:12:37,720 --> 00:12:40,800 Speaker 1: and and being that especially early ones, where were you know, 229 00:12:40,840 --> 00:12:42,960 Speaker 1: the planets were all on their little rods and would 230 00:12:42,960 --> 00:12:46,000 Speaker 1: all be going on a on a single plane around 231 00:12:46,000 --> 00:12:48,280 Speaker 1: the Sun rather than in the truth three dimensions in 232 00:12:48,320 --> 00:12:50,439 Speaker 1: which right right it would be. It would be as 233 00:12:50,440 --> 00:12:53,360 Speaker 1: if we had a completely flat solar system, which is 234 00:12:53,360 --> 00:12:55,960 Speaker 1: not exactly true. Yeah, it's like Star Trek World. Everything 235 00:12:56,000 --> 00:12:58,120 Speaker 1: just comes right knows up to each other. Yeah. And 236 00:12:58,160 --> 00:13:00,840 Speaker 1: also they would move in and essentially perfect circles. They 237 00:13:00,840 --> 00:13:03,360 Speaker 1: wouldn't have these kind of elliptical orbitals because that's really 238 00:13:03,360 --> 00:13:06,720 Speaker 1: hard to do with physical rod. But you know, my 239 00:13:06,840 --> 00:13:09,520 Speaker 1: favorite or y of all time is from the movie 240 00:13:09,520 --> 00:13:12,160 Speaker 1: The Dark Crystal, and it's what Augra had. Now that 241 00:13:12,240 --> 00:13:16,160 Speaker 1: of course was an ory for a fictional solar system, 242 00:13:16,280 --> 00:13:20,200 Speaker 1: but was amazing an enormous things spinning around all over 243 00:13:20,280 --> 00:13:22,760 Speaker 1: the place that that lady still creeps me out as 244 00:13:22,840 --> 00:13:26,920 Speaker 1: an incredible movie that everyone should go see. Uh oh, absolutely, yes, 245 00:13:27,040 --> 00:13:33,840 Speaker 1: very much. So I can't okay, science. Besides planetariums and 246 00:13:34,000 --> 00:13:36,400 Speaker 1: uh and or planetaria if we want to talk about 247 00:13:36,480 --> 00:13:41,200 Speaker 1: or reas in that sense, and these globes, we also 248 00:13:41,280 --> 00:13:45,560 Speaker 1: have the concept of keeping track of astronomical phenomena in 249 00:13:45,640 --> 00:13:49,000 Speaker 1: other ways that aren't again all immersive. All right, Well, 250 00:13:49,040 --> 00:13:53,240 Speaker 1: part of the function of a planetarium is as an 251 00:13:53,280 --> 00:13:56,640 Speaker 1: astronomical clock, right, like you were saying earlier, being able 252 00:13:56,679 --> 00:13:58,599 Speaker 1: to to go into the future, into the past and 253 00:13:58,640 --> 00:14:00,960 Speaker 1: see what the stars looked like at any even point. Um. 254 00:14:01,080 --> 00:14:04,200 Speaker 1: And you and Joe talked about a really famous one 255 00:14:05,080 --> 00:14:09,840 Speaker 1: antiquathera device or antiquathera mechanism, which is a some people 256 00:14:09,840 --> 00:14:14,120 Speaker 1: would call the oldest computer and analog computer, and yeah 257 00:14:14,120 --> 00:14:16,719 Speaker 1: and forward thinking. We did a podcast now I think 258 00:14:16,760 --> 00:14:18,439 Speaker 1: I think you did it on tech Stuff. It was 259 00:14:20,000 --> 00:14:23,160 Speaker 1: that's see here's the things that I do. Too many 260 00:14:23,160 --> 00:14:25,720 Speaker 1: shows for too many different different versions. Yes, we did 261 00:14:25,760 --> 00:14:28,680 Speaker 1: do the tech stuff one, so as a reminder because 262 00:14:28,720 --> 00:14:32,960 Speaker 1: obviously I need one. Uh. The Antiquathera device was this, uh, 263 00:14:33,040 --> 00:14:37,400 Speaker 1: this gadget that had been lost in a shipwreck and 264 00:14:38,080 --> 00:14:40,640 Speaker 1: recovered by sponge divers, and it was recovered in very 265 00:14:40,680 --> 00:14:42,880 Speaker 1: poor repair. It was all these different pieces and some 266 00:14:42,960 --> 00:14:46,560 Speaker 1: of them were big chunks and some were smaller pieces. Uh. 267 00:14:46,600 --> 00:14:49,400 Speaker 1: And eventually it took decades to do this, but eventually 268 00:14:49,480 --> 00:14:52,440 Speaker 1: we figured out that this was an astronomical computer. It 269 00:14:52,520 --> 00:14:56,480 Speaker 1: was able to show where the position of the planets 270 00:14:56,480 --> 00:14:59,520 Speaker 1: were in relation to the Earth on any given date, 271 00:14:59,680 --> 00:15:02,280 Speaker 1: in in the position and phase of the moon and 272 00:15:02,280 --> 00:15:04,760 Speaker 1: the position of the Sun, and you would turn a 273 00:15:04,880 --> 00:15:09,640 Speaker 1: crank in order to adjust the dials so that you 274 00:15:09,680 --> 00:15:13,000 Speaker 1: could change it to any date and see what what 275 00:15:13,040 --> 00:15:16,000 Speaker 1: the that actual alignment happened to be on that given date. 276 00:15:16,040 --> 00:15:18,560 Speaker 1: It was also very useful for things like planning out 277 00:15:18,880 --> 00:15:22,360 Speaker 1: specific events because you could do this and find out 278 00:15:22,360 --> 00:15:24,600 Speaker 1: when there was going to be an eclipse, for example, 279 00:15:25,000 --> 00:15:27,880 Speaker 1: and an eclipse tended to be considered a bad omen, 280 00:15:28,280 --> 00:15:31,640 Speaker 1: so you might think, hey, this big festival, we want 281 00:15:31,680 --> 00:15:33,680 Speaker 1: to have what happen to fall on in the eclipse, 282 00:15:33,720 --> 00:15:37,840 Speaker 1: So we're going to have a special a special festival 283 00:15:37,880 --> 00:15:40,000 Speaker 1: that's going to be three weeks earlier so that we 284 00:15:40,040 --> 00:15:43,000 Speaker 1: don't have to worry about that, or an Olympics event 285 00:15:43,080 --> 00:15:47,600 Speaker 1: that there would be another example. So it's really super cool. However, again, 286 00:15:47,640 --> 00:15:51,880 Speaker 1: this was something that was relatively small. We're talking about 287 00:15:51,960 --> 00:15:54,560 Speaker 1: like the size of a large book, and so you're 288 00:15:54,600 --> 00:15:57,680 Speaker 1: looking at at these dials rather than again being immersed 289 00:15:57,720 --> 00:16:00,680 Speaker 1: in the experience. But it was really useful for checking out, 290 00:16:01,080 --> 00:16:03,920 Speaker 1: you know, what a a planetary alignment would be on 291 00:16:03,920 --> 00:16:08,080 Speaker 1: any given date, because again they understood that the movements 292 00:16:08,080 --> 00:16:11,600 Speaker 1: of the planets were regular and cyclical. Yeah, and so 293 00:16:11,680 --> 00:16:14,200 Speaker 1: they were able to do this, and I don't want 294 00:16:14,240 --> 00:16:18,080 Speaker 1: to minimize how difficult this was. They had to build 295 00:16:18,160 --> 00:16:22,760 Speaker 1: exact gear ratios to represent the movement of all these 296 00:16:22,800 --> 00:16:27,280 Speaker 1: planets and sometimes hand machining those. Yeah, yeah, yeah, an 297 00:16:27,320 --> 00:16:30,000 Speaker 1: incredible amount of precision is required, and sometimes you know, 298 00:16:30,000 --> 00:16:31,920 Speaker 1: you would have to have things move backwards a little 299 00:16:31,920 --> 00:16:35,320 Speaker 1: bit and then move forwards because from our perspective, that's 300 00:16:35,360 --> 00:16:38,200 Speaker 1: the way things seem to be moving. So really really 301 00:16:38,240 --> 00:16:42,320 Speaker 1: complicated stuff. Uh but still again that's that's not quite 302 00:16:42,560 --> 00:16:45,960 Speaker 1: an astronomical clock. It's very similar to one. Once we 303 00:16:46,120 --> 00:16:50,360 Speaker 1: looked at actual astronomical clocks. Those look like clocks, but 304 00:16:50,400 --> 00:16:54,200 Speaker 1: they happen to have either a dial or sometimes it's 305 00:16:54,240 --> 00:16:57,680 Speaker 1: a uh, you know, a little physical representation of what 306 00:16:58,120 --> 00:17:00,080 Speaker 1: the planetary alignments are going to be, or the it 307 00:17:00,160 --> 00:17:02,760 Speaker 1: those phase the moon or whatever. These have been popular 308 00:17:02,800 --> 00:17:05,600 Speaker 1: since the middle ages. There were also some of those 309 00:17:05,680 --> 00:17:08,720 Speaker 1: posh sky globes that could hypothetically predict the movement of 310 00:17:08,760 --> 00:17:11,280 Speaker 1: celestial bodies, and Archimedes is said to have had one 311 00:17:11,400 --> 00:17:17,040 Speaker 1: background two right, so uh probably true. Loss of stuff 312 00:17:17,080 --> 00:17:21,560 Speaker 1: about that time period difficult for us to verify, but 313 00:17:21,560 --> 00:17:24,760 Speaker 1: but I'm willing to believe it because they were wicked smart. 314 00:17:25,240 --> 00:17:28,920 Speaker 1: So uh yeah, yeah, Again, we're still talking about stuff 315 00:17:28,920 --> 00:17:31,080 Speaker 1: that lets you look at it. It doesn't surround you 316 00:17:31,160 --> 00:17:34,520 Speaker 1: like the crazy um the globes where you would walk 317 00:17:34,560 --> 00:17:37,239 Speaker 1: inside and take a seat. But that's what leads us 318 00:17:37,280 --> 00:17:44,120 Speaker 1: to the more modern day planetarium that would require projection, yes, 319 00:17:44,359 --> 00:17:46,800 Speaker 1: and not not like standing in the middle and projecting 320 00:17:46,800 --> 00:17:51,400 Speaker 1: out by speaking more loudly. We're talking about light projection here. Yeah, 321 00:17:51,440 --> 00:17:54,639 Speaker 1: but before we get into that, Hey, Jonathan, do you 322 00:17:54,680 --> 00:17:56,800 Speaker 1: think it's about time for us to take a quick 323 00:17:56,840 --> 00:17:59,160 Speaker 1: break for a word from our sponsors. That would be 324 00:17:59,320 --> 00:18:05,679 Speaker 1: an excellent notion. Okay, So projectors planetarium all right. The 325 00:18:05,760 --> 00:18:08,800 Speaker 1: first one was installed in a roof on a rooftop 326 00:18:08,840 --> 00:18:12,400 Speaker 1: in Jenna, Germany, and I apologize, I suppose it would 327 00:18:12,440 --> 00:18:16,040 Speaker 1: it be Jenna, Germany. The j is generally pronounced like 328 00:18:16,080 --> 00:18:22,439 Speaker 1: a y. Well, Jacob would be Yacob Johan, I I 329 00:18:22,480 --> 00:18:26,520 Speaker 1: see where you're going, and I'm guessing it's Jenna. Any 330 00:18:26,560 --> 00:18:29,920 Speaker 1: of our German listeners who would like to to reprimand 331 00:18:29,960 --> 00:18:33,440 Speaker 1: me on my pronunciation feel free, because um I should 332 00:18:33,560 --> 00:18:36,360 Speaker 1: know better at this point. But it was an optical projector, 333 00:18:36,480 --> 00:18:39,560 Speaker 1: so it actually used light and lenses to project images 334 00:18:39,560 --> 00:18:44,040 Speaker 1: of stars on a curved surface the inside of a dome. Yeah. 335 00:18:44,440 --> 00:18:48,199 Speaker 1: So this dates all the way back to nine for 336 00:18:48,240 --> 00:18:51,080 Speaker 1: the earliest of the plans. That's when a man named 337 00:18:51,080 --> 00:18:55,040 Speaker 1: Oscar von Miller commissioned the device for the Deutsche Museum 338 00:18:55,119 --> 00:18:59,560 Speaker 1: in Mind. So the idea to actually use projection was 339 00:19:00,040 --> 00:19:02,840 Speaker 1: read upon. In nineteen fourteen, there was this big meeting 340 00:19:03,280 --> 00:19:07,080 Speaker 1: and generally speaking, most people credit an engineer by the 341 00:19:07,160 --> 00:19:11,159 Speaker 1: name of Walter Bousfeld who came up with this idea 342 00:19:11,240 --> 00:19:14,120 Speaker 1: to use a projector. He was working with the company, 343 00:19:14,200 --> 00:19:17,159 Speaker 1: a company called Carl Zeiss, which was an optics company 344 00:19:17,280 --> 00:19:20,320 Speaker 1: still is in fact still is that's that's very true, uh, 345 00:19:20,359 --> 00:19:23,800 Speaker 1: And they decided that they would use this kind of approach. 346 00:19:23,960 --> 00:19:26,040 Speaker 1: They decided that they wanted to use something that was 347 00:19:26,480 --> 00:19:29,720 Speaker 1: fairly new, the idea of a new source of light 348 00:19:29,920 --> 00:19:32,359 Speaker 1: for people at that time. Well, their their original idea 349 00:19:32,400 --> 00:19:36,600 Speaker 1: here was was to use those fancy, newfangled light bulbs 350 00:19:37,280 --> 00:19:40,240 Speaker 1: as instead of a pin prick, instead of having a 351 00:19:40,240 --> 00:19:42,760 Speaker 1: pinhole for for each light source, they wanted to use 352 00:19:42,800 --> 00:19:45,840 Speaker 1: a light bulb for each star. And they very quickly 353 00:19:45,880 --> 00:19:50,000 Speaker 1: realized how complex and expensive and terrifying that would be, 354 00:19:50,119 --> 00:19:52,800 Speaker 1: especially if you want to be able to move your 355 00:19:52,840 --> 00:19:55,200 Speaker 1: field of vision right right, So if you had all 356 00:19:55,240 --> 00:19:57,919 Speaker 1: these stars in fixed positions on the dome, how do 357 00:19:57,960 --> 00:20:00,160 Speaker 1: you move them if you want to? If you want 358 00:20:00,160 --> 00:20:02,440 Speaker 1: to move the entire ceiling, and that's that's not good. 359 00:20:02,480 --> 00:20:05,280 Speaker 1: Can you imagine the heat generated from those old bulbs 360 00:20:05,280 --> 00:20:08,000 Speaker 1: to all of those things? So this this one engineer, 361 00:20:08,080 --> 00:20:12,280 Speaker 1: Vaulter uh supposedly said, hey, why don't we put the 362 00:20:12,359 --> 00:20:14,880 Speaker 1: light in the middle and then shine it out on 363 00:20:14,920 --> 00:20:17,760 Speaker 1: the on the on the inside, as opposed to poking 364 00:20:17,760 --> 00:20:19,880 Speaker 1: holes on the inside and putting these light bulbs through. 365 00:20:20,440 --> 00:20:24,679 Speaker 1: And people said, you're crazy, except for another engineer, and 366 00:20:24,760 --> 00:20:27,440 Speaker 1: this one. This is a very interesting and tragic story. 367 00:20:27,480 --> 00:20:29,680 Speaker 1: There's actually a really good documentary that we'll talk about. 368 00:20:29,720 --> 00:20:33,800 Speaker 1: But there's an engineer, a scientist, an engineer named Rudolph Straubel, 369 00:20:34,280 --> 00:20:37,800 Speaker 1: who expanded upon Bauersfeld's suggestion. He actually said, wait, this 370 00:20:37,880 --> 00:20:40,040 Speaker 1: is a great idea. We can use a projector and 371 00:20:40,080 --> 00:20:43,240 Speaker 1: not only can the projector show things like the the 372 00:20:43,280 --> 00:20:45,240 Speaker 1: position of planets, which was that that was kind of 373 00:20:45,280 --> 00:20:47,880 Speaker 1: the initial approach was, well, we can show the planets 374 00:20:47,880 --> 00:20:50,040 Speaker 1: this way, so no, we can actually show the stars 375 00:20:50,040 --> 00:20:52,560 Speaker 1: this way too. We don't have to just rely on 376 00:20:52,640 --> 00:20:54,920 Speaker 1: this as being a way of showing the planets. And 377 00:20:54,960 --> 00:20:57,800 Speaker 1: they all began to work on this. Now Strawble would 378 00:20:57,800 --> 00:21:02,439 Speaker 1: eventually leave the museum and this his position working on 379 00:21:02,480 --> 00:21:06,439 Speaker 1: this project because he refused to divorce his Jewish wife. 380 00:21:07,040 --> 00:21:09,800 Speaker 1: So this was the rise of the the Nazis in 381 00:21:09,880 --> 00:21:13,200 Speaker 1: Germany at the time. And um, there's a documentary called 382 00:21:13,240 --> 00:21:18,800 Speaker 1: Planetarium that really follows this and the the general perspective 383 00:21:18,800 --> 00:21:22,680 Speaker 1: on Planetarium is that Strawble was actually a major contributor 384 00:21:22,840 --> 00:21:26,600 Speaker 1: to uh to this first planetarium, but his work was 385 00:21:26,680 --> 00:21:30,000 Speaker 1: all but erased by the Nazis, and then the Nazis 386 00:21:30,560 --> 00:21:34,840 Speaker 1: attempts to erase it were then subsequently erased, partly because 387 00:21:35,240 --> 00:21:38,680 Speaker 1: the the company, the Zeiss Company, got split into two 388 00:21:38,680 --> 00:21:41,159 Speaker 1: companies after World War Two. Half of it was in 389 00:21:41,160 --> 00:21:43,760 Speaker 1: the East Germany, the other half in West Germany and 390 00:21:43,840 --> 00:21:47,120 Speaker 1: too for the West Germany side to uh, to talk 391 00:21:47,200 --> 00:21:50,680 Speaker 1: about strawble would have also been to admit that they 392 00:21:50,720 --> 00:21:55,560 Speaker 1: had bowed to the Nazis uh demands, and so it 393 00:21:55,640 --> 00:22:00,280 Speaker 1: was not politically, uh, let's see what's the right way student, 394 00:22:00,760 --> 00:22:03,840 Speaker 1: it was not prudent at that at that juncture, so 395 00:22:03,920 --> 00:22:07,080 Speaker 1: to speak, to make that admission. So if you're really 396 00:22:07,119 --> 00:22:10,360 Speaker 1: interested to hear more about the the drama behind that 397 00:22:10,440 --> 00:22:14,560 Speaker 1: and also the truly the tragedy behind that story, check 398 00:22:14,560 --> 00:22:17,840 Speaker 1: out the documentary Planetarium at anyway, getting back to the 399 00:22:17,840 --> 00:22:21,480 Speaker 1: planetarium itself, it took years of research and development before 400 00:22:21,480 --> 00:22:25,239 Speaker 1: construction could begin. Right. Also they were there was a 401 00:22:25,280 --> 00:22:28,600 Speaker 1: war from from yeah, there was World War One, yeah, 402 00:22:28,720 --> 00:22:33,080 Speaker 1: and then and then the nineteen yeah, so that we 403 00:22:33,119 --> 00:22:36,040 Speaker 1: had World War one going, so that that puts things 404 00:22:36,080 --> 00:22:39,719 Speaker 1: on hold. Construction will begin in nineteen nineteen. It wouldn't 405 00:22:39,720 --> 00:22:43,240 Speaker 1: be completed until nineteen twenty three and was first shown 406 00:22:43,440 --> 00:22:47,520 Speaker 1: on a rooftop in Yana, Germany, and then would eventually 407 00:22:47,600 --> 00:22:50,119 Speaker 1: move to its permanent home in the Deutsche Museum in 408 00:22:50,200 --> 00:22:56,040 Speaker 1: n And this had what was called a star ball. 409 00:22:56,240 --> 00:22:58,760 Speaker 1: A star ball this is this is a perforated sphere 410 00:22:58,880 --> 00:23:01,440 Speaker 1: that that powerful light can be shown through up onto 411 00:23:01,440 --> 00:23:05,200 Speaker 1: the dome like like we've been talking about um by 412 00:23:05,200 --> 00:23:07,600 Speaker 1: By Around a decade later, domes like this would be 413 00:23:07,680 --> 00:23:12,520 Speaker 1: installed in museums around the world, especially after affordability improvements 414 00:23:12,560 --> 00:23:15,639 Speaker 1: were made to the Zeist device by Armand's fits in 415 00:23:16,760 --> 00:23:19,520 Speaker 1: six He was then the director of the Franklin Institute 416 00:23:19,520 --> 00:23:23,840 Speaker 1: in Philadelphia, and he his innovation was to um to 417 00:23:23,960 --> 00:23:28,880 Speaker 1: scale it down from from a starball to a star dodecahedron. 418 00:23:29,200 --> 00:23:31,320 Speaker 1: Ah yeah, okay, that makes sense. You get a lot 419 00:23:31,359 --> 00:23:35,240 Speaker 1: more flat surfaces. Flat surfaces, it's easier to to machine 420 00:23:35,680 --> 00:23:39,760 Speaker 1: in those days. A sphere is not easy. No, no, Um. 421 00:23:39,800 --> 00:23:42,000 Speaker 1: It was actually suggested to him by Einstein. The story 422 00:23:42,040 --> 00:23:47,800 Speaker 1: goes way to go Einstein, all right, So yeah, UM 423 00:23:48,040 --> 00:23:50,639 Speaker 1: circle of the nineteen sixties lenses would come in to 424 00:23:50,800 --> 00:23:53,440 Speaker 1: use to amplify the appearance of brighter stars to make 425 00:23:53,440 --> 00:23:56,960 Speaker 1: a more realistic starfield and more expensive machines. Around the 426 00:23:57,000 --> 00:24:00,880 Speaker 1: same time, multiple projectors, each with their own star plates. 427 00:24:01,280 --> 00:24:04,720 Speaker 1: UM would let you use lights of different brightnesses to 428 00:24:05,080 --> 00:24:08,640 Speaker 1: project different magnitudes of stars. Gotcha. So yeah, it gets 429 00:24:08,640 --> 00:24:11,320 Speaker 1: a little tricky, like how do you represent the stars 430 00:24:11,880 --> 00:24:13,960 Speaker 1: accurately because some, of course when you look up in 431 00:24:13,960 --> 00:24:16,480 Speaker 1: the sky, are much brighter than others. And there's only 432 00:24:16,480 --> 00:24:19,639 Speaker 1: so much you can do with with machining, different different 433 00:24:19,680 --> 00:24:22,679 Speaker 1: apertures of pin pricks, right right, So yeah, it was 434 00:24:22,720 --> 00:24:26,120 Speaker 1: pretty complicated stuff. So how do they work today? Well, 435 00:24:26,160 --> 00:24:27,399 Speaker 1: if you were to go to the one in the 436 00:24:27,440 --> 00:24:31,359 Speaker 1: Deutsche Museum, it's been updated several times over the course 437 00:24:31,359 --> 00:24:33,719 Speaker 1: of its history, so it's not the same device that 438 00:24:33,800 --> 00:24:37,560 Speaker 1: was installed back in No, it's had some eight million 439 00:24:37,680 --> 00:24:41,400 Speaker 1: visitors or more over the intervening years. And now they 440 00:24:41,520 --> 00:24:44,399 Speaker 1: use a projector that has thirty two different slides to 441 00:24:44,480 --> 00:24:47,200 Speaker 1: create the images of stars and planets on the curve 442 00:24:47,280 --> 00:24:50,240 Speaker 1: surface of the walls and ceiling. Now these slides have 443 00:24:50,400 --> 00:24:53,400 Speaker 1: a fine pattern of holes that correspond to the actual 444 00:24:53,440 --> 00:24:56,440 Speaker 1: position of stars in the night sky above Germany. It's 445 00:24:56,560 --> 00:24:59,639 Speaker 1: specific to that. Yeah, I mean it would be weird 446 00:24:59,680 --> 00:25:02,200 Speaker 1: for them to have a representation of the sky above 447 00:25:02,240 --> 00:25:04,199 Speaker 1: somewhere else. I mean, this is this is you know 448 00:25:04,600 --> 00:25:07,800 Speaker 1: above where the facility is. Each slide is a pair 449 00:25:07,840 --> 00:25:10,520 Speaker 1: of glass panes, you know, like a slide, you know, 450 00:25:10,600 --> 00:25:14,320 Speaker 1: the juicier a microscope or something between these pains. There's 451 00:25:14,359 --> 00:25:16,960 Speaker 1: a thin layer of copper and they punch holes in 452 00:25:17,000 --> 00:25:20,080 Speaker 1: the copper. Now, the size of the hole determines how 453 00:25:20,160 --> 00:25:22,280 Speaker 1: bright the star is going to be, right, so if 454 00:25:22,280 --> 00:25:24,000 Speaker 1: you make a tiny hole, it's going to be a 455 00:25:24,000 --> 00:25:26,560 Speaker 1: relatively faint star. If you make a larger hole, it's 456 00:25:26,560 --> 00:25:29,399 Speaker 1: gonna be a brighter star. The lenses you used to 457 00:25:29,440 --> 00:25:32,800 Speaker 1: help focus that light so that it's the right size, 458 00:25:33,119 --> 00:25:36,480 Speaker 1: so you've got the right brightness and size. Yep. Yeah, 459 00:25:36,520 --> 00:25:38,080 Speaker 1: you don't want to have just this kind of fuzzy 460 00:25:38,080 --> 00:25:42,720 Speaker 1: blurry effect. So generally speaking, you got a lamp that's 461 00:25:42,800 --> 00:25:45,919 Speaker 1: what's providing the back light, and you have special projectors 462 00:25:45,920 --> 00:25:48,920 Speaker 1: for the sun, Moon, the planets, and the Milky Way 463 00:25:48,960 --> 00:25:51,480 Speaker 1: to complete the picture. So this is a multi projector 464 00:25:51,560 --> 00:25:55,240 Speaker 1: set up. Um. Now, the original structure relied on gears 465 00:25:55,480 --> 00:25:59,040 Speaker 1: to turn the projectors precisely to mimic celestial movements, so 466 00:25:59,440 --> 00:26:02,800 Speaker 1: you would actually of someone manually turning some We have 467 00:26:02,840 --> 00:26:06,520 Speaker 1: sense upgraded. Now it's electric motors that do this. Uh. 468 00:26:06,600 --> 00:26:09,200 Speaker 1: And again you have the gear ratios worked out so 469 00:26:09,240 --> 00:26:12,639 Speaker 1: that they mimic the actual movements. So uh, you know, 470 00:26:12,720 --> 00:26:14,840 Speaker 1: you could just have everything turning. But of course that 471 00:26:14,840 --> 00:26:17,760 Speaker 1: wouldn't be accurate to what we actually see in nature. 472 00:26:18,080 --> 00:26:20,720 Speaker 1: You have to be a little more specific so that 473 00:26:21,080 --> 00:26:23,960 Speaker 1: you know when Mars is going past your vision, it's 474 00:26:23,960 --> 00:26:27,240 Speaker 1: doing so at the right speed relative to the other 475 00:26:27,520 --> 00:26:31,159 Speaker 1: other sites in the sky. So, uh. The neat thing 476 00:26:31,200 --> 00:26:34,680 Speaker 1: about this is that you can actually obviously speed things 477 00:26:34,760 --> 00:26:36,960 Speaker 1: up or slow things down. So you could sit there 478 00:26:37,000 --> 00:26:40,800 Speaker 1: and say, all, right, here's what the path of Mars 479 00:26:40,840 --> 00:26:43,520 Speaker 1: looks like over the course of a month, and you 480 00:26:43,520 --> 00:26:46,159 Speaker 1: could show it in in uh, sped up time, so 481 00:26:46,200 --> 00:26:47,760 Speaker 1: you don't actually have to sit there for a month 482 00:26:47,800 --> 00:26:50,199 Speaker 1: to see it happen, right, Or you can reverse it 483 00:26:50,320 --> 00:26:53,040 Speaker 1: so that you can say, here's what Mars did last month, right, 484 00:26:53,040 --> 00:26:55,880 Speaker 1: And then of course that sets time backward. And then, 485 00:26:55,920 --> 00:26:58,560 Speaker 1: because we learned that from Superman, right, if you spend 486 00:26:58,560 --> 00:27:01,600 Speaker 1: the world backwards, then obviously time reverses. It's okay. They 487 00:27:01,640 --> 00:27:03,639 Speaker 1: all have way back machines in turnums, right, so they 488 00:27:03,680 --> 00:27:06,000 Speaker 1: all everything works out in the end by the time 489 00:27:06,040 --> 00:27:08,080 Speaker 1: you leave, everything's right back to where was, so you 490 00:27:08,080 --> 00:27:11,240 Speaker 1: don't have to mess with your watch. That's that's really smart. Now, 491 00:27:11,520 --> 00:27:15,720 Speaker 1: about six of all planetariums still use projectors like this. 492 00:27:15,920 --> 00:27:20,480 Speaker 1: I get this particular figure from the planetarium in Hilo, Hawaii, 493 00:27:21,480 --> 00:27:25,040 Speaker 1: a lovely place to visit, by the way. So they 494 00:27:25,119 --> 00:27:28,640 Speaker 1: use standard video special mechanical projectors to create those images 495 00:27:28,640 --> 00:27:31,000 Speaker 1: of the night sky. But beginning in the nineteen eighties, 496 00:27:31,000 --> 00:27:34,760 Speaker 1: some planetariums began to experiment with going digital rather than analog. 497 00:27:35,320 --> 00:27:38,080 Speaker 1: It wouldn't be until the nineteen nineties that planetariums could 498 00:27:38,080 --> 00:27:42,800 Speaker 1: actually experiment with full dome animated content. Uh Now, full 499 00:27:42,840 --> 00:27:45,720 Speaker 1: dome animated content this is used for lots of stuff. 500 00:27:45,720 --> 00:27:48,040 Speaker 1: It's not just used for planetariums. For example, there are 501 00:27:48,359 --> 00:27:52,440 Speaker 1: virtual environments that use domes to represent things like say 502 00:27:52,960 --> 00:27:57,919 Speaker 1: the sky for a a jet simulator. So these domes 503 00:27:57,960 --> 00:28:01,040 Speaker 1: allow you to have this amazing field view that you 504 00:28:01,080 --> 00:28:04,879 Speaker 1: can then project some sort of virtual environment on and 505 00:28:04,920 --> 00:28:07,640 Speaker 1: that's more effective than say being in a flat room 506 00:28:07,680 --> 00:28:12,720 Speaker 1: with corners and flat surfaces that doesn't usually convey as 507 00:28:12,800 --> 00:28:16,840 Speaker 1: realistic and experience. So for planetariums it's great because it 508 00:28:16,880 --> 00:28:19,840 Speaker 1: can mimic the night sky very well. Uh Now, this 509 00:28:20,000 --> 00:28:23,639 Speaker 1: this full dome approach meant that you could have some 510 00:28:23,720 --> 00:28:27,520 Speaker 1: really cool effects, but it also comes with some challenges. 511 00:28:27,560 --> 00:28:30,440 Speaker 1: It's not uh always easy to do. If you're using 512 00:28:30,440 --> 00:28:33,760 Speaker 1: a multiprojector approach. For example, you have to make sure 513 00:28:33,760 --> 00:28:35,760 Speaker 1: that all of the edges are going to line up 514 00:28:35,800 --> 00:28:37,680 Speaker 1: with each other so that you don't have any kind 515 00:28:37,680 --> 00:28:40,760 Speaker 1: of wackiness in between, right exactly. Let's so, let's say 516 00:28:40,760 --> 00:28:43,840 Speaker 1: that you have a projector that is a certain like 517 00:28:44,000 --> 00:28:46,000 Speaker 1: if you look at the dome as kind of a 518 00:28:46,000 --> 00:28:48,480 Speaker 1: a pie, so you think of a slice of that pie. 519 00:28:48,520 --> 00:28:51,720 Speaker 1: One projector is responsible for that slice. The next projector 520 00:28:51,760 --> 00:28:54,440 Speaker 1: is responsible for the slice next to that. If those 521 00:28:54,480 --> 00:28:57,239 Speaker 1: two projectors are out of alignment, then you're gonna have 522 00:28:57,280 --> 00:28:59,240 Speaker 1: some stars that are overlapping each other. And then you 523 00:28:59,280 --> 00:29:01,680 Speaker 1: have this added to property of light. You know, you 524 00:29:01,720 --> 00:29:04,920 Speaker 1: have light from two different sources hitting the same physical space, 525 00:29:05,280 --> 00:29:07,320 Speaker 1: and it's gonna be blurry, it's gonna be too bright, 526 00:29:07,440 --> 00:29:10,000 Speaker 1: it's not going to represent the actual stars. So this 527 00:29:10,040 --> 00:29:12,840 Speaker 1: is something that has to be very carefully calibrated every 528 00:29:12,880 --> 00:29:15,480 Speaker 1: single time any maintenance is done on it. So this 529 00:29:15,560 --> 00:29:18,160 Speaker 1: is true for all planetariums. It's not just for the 530 00:29:18,200 --> 00:29:21,640 Speaker 1: ones that are multiprojector, but multiprojector in particular, you have 531 00:29:21,680 --> 00:29:25,280 Speaker 1: to make these considerations. Yeah, they generally still call it 532 00:29:25,520 --> 00:29:27,840 Speaker 1: a star ball. By the way, this kind of a 533 00:29:28,200 --> 00:29:32,120 Speaker 1: spherical construction into which all of these projectors are are 534 00:29:32,200 --> 00:29:35,000 Speaker 1: sat is still called a star ball. I think starball 535 00:29:35,040 --> 00:29:37,160 Speaker 1: is a really great word. Starball just I mean it 536 00:29:37,760 --> 00:29:39,760 Speaker 1: sounds like something out of Cardamri Dominancy to me, which 537 00:29:39,800 --> 00:29:41,280 Speaker 1: I think is why I'm so fond of it. I was, 538 00:29:41,360 --> 00:29:44,200 Speaker 1: I was thinking it sounds like a like like a 539 00:29:44,280 --> 00:29:47,760 Speaker 1: John Carpenter movie, but maybe I'm thinking Starman. So yeah, 540 00:29:47,880 --> 00:29:50,880 Speaker 1: it's um, pretty pretty cool. I mean, obviously, if you 541 00:29:51,040 --> 00:29:53,760 Speaker 1: if you wanna have a planetarium, one of the concerns 542 00:29:53,800 --> 00:29:55,440 Speaker 1: you have is that you wanted to be really dark. 543 00:29:55,840 --> 00:29:57,560 Speaker 1: You don't want to have any kind of other light 544 00:29:57,600 --> 00:30:01,200 Speaker 1: bleeding into it because that's going to interrupt the actual 545 00:30:01,280 --> 00:30:04,320 Speaker 1: view that you want. Um. Also, you know, you could 546 00:30:04,360 --> 00:30:06,719 Speaker 1: go with a single projector, which would be at the 547 00:30:06,760 --> 00:30:10,760 Speaker 1: center of the planetarium. So you've got a projector that's 548 00:30:10,840 --> 00:30:14,400 Speaker 1: right in the very middle. Now, one thing that you 549 00:30:14,440 --> 00:30:17,040 Speaker 1: have to keep in mind, there's a drawback there. You 550 00:30:17,120 --> 00:30:19,840 Speaker 1: can't stand in the middle because that's where the actual 551 00:30:19,880 --> 00:30:22,600 Speaker 1: projector is. These things, by the way, cost lots of money, 552 00:30:23,080 --> 00:30:26,880 Speaker 1: you know, sometimes hundreds of thousands of dollars. So generally speaking, 553 00:30:26,920 --> 00:30:29,120 Speaker 1: if you're in a planetarium that has a single projector, 554 00:30:29,200 --> 00:30:31,320 Speaker 1: there tends to be like railings and things like that 555 00:30:31,400 --> 00:30:33,840 Speaker 1: so that you can't get too close and mess with it. 556 00:30:34,440 --> 00:30:38,160 Speaker 1: I remember standing right next to one for a commercial 557 00:30:38,240 --> 00:30:41,560 Speaker 1: for a science fiction convention back when I was thirteen 558 00:30:41,640 --> 00:30:43,640 Speaker 1: years old, and I would never been more terrified in 559 00:30:43,640 --> 00:30:45,520 Speaker 1: my life that I was going to end up bankrupting 560 00:30:45,560 --> 00:30:50,240 Speaker 1: my parents by by accidentally falling against this planetarium projector. 561 00:30:50,960 --> 00:30:53,760 Speaker 1: But yeah, it's it's uh, it's it's usually blocked off. 562 00:30:53,760 --> 00:30:55,920 Speaker 1: It takes up that center space, So one thing you've 563 00:30:55,920 --> 00:30:58,240 Speaker 1: got to keep in mind is that takes up potential 564 00:30:58,360 --> 00:31:02,000 Speaker 1: place for people to sit. However, sitting in the center 565 00:31:02,040 --> 00:31:05,440 Speaker 1: of a planetarium is rarely the best seat, so usually 566 00:31:05,480 --> 00:31:07,840 Speaker 1: you just you just make use of the outer edge 567 00:31:07,880 --> 00:31:10,560 Speaker 1: as much as you possibly can. But with that center 568 00:31:11,080 --> 00:31:13,640 Speaker 1: single projector, you also don't have to worry about bleeding 569 00:31:13,640 --> 00:31:17,040 Speaker 1: into other projectors. Assuming you've got one that's the master 570 00:31:17,120 --> 00:31:20,360 Speaker 1: projector that handles everything including the planets, the Sun, the moon, 571 00:31:20,480 --> 00:31:23,000 Speaker 1: all that stuff, you're good to go. You don't have 572 00:31:23,080 --> 00:31:26,920 Speaker 1: to worry about that those other issues of are these 573 00:31:26,960 --> 00:31:29,920 Speaker 1: things perfectly aligned, because everything should be fine assuming that 574 00:31:29,920 --> 00:31:32,920 Speaker 1: the projector itself is in good working order. The multi 575 00:31:32,960 --> 00:31:35,480 Speaker 1: projector set ups that that that I was talking about 576 00:31:35,520 --> 00:31:38,320 Speaker 1: a second ago are are in those starballs. But I 577 00:31:38,320 --> 00:31:40,600 Speaker 1: but it sounds like, Jonathan, you're talking about a a 578 00:31:40,680 --> 00:31:43,040 Speaker 1: different kind of projector set up. Yeah, there's actually there 579 00:31:43,040 --> 00:31:44,640 Speaker 1: are different ways you can do this. You can have 580 00:31:44,680 --> 00:31:47,280 Speaker 1: the multi projector all in the center, which is similar 581 00:31:47,280 --> 00:31:50,200 Speaker 1: to that single projector I was just talking about, which 582 00:31:50,240 --> 00:31:53,440 Speaker 1: may or may not have multiple lenses on it. In fact, 583 00:31:53,480 --> 00:31:56,200 Speaker 1: it usually does have multiple lenses on it, so it 584 00:31:56,240 --> 00:31:59,040 Speaker 1: can look a lot like the multi projector set up. 585 00:31:59,240 --> 00:32:01,080 Speaker 1: But there are other mule projector set ups where it 586 00:32:01,120 --> 00:32:03,320 Speaker 1: leaves the center completely clear. And the way they do 587 00:32:03,360 --> 00:32:06,080 Speaker 1: that is they set the projectors up along the inside 588 00:32:06,440 --> 00:32:09,920 Speaker 1: perimeter of this dome and they use mirrors to reflect 589 00:32:10,000 --> 00:32:12,000 Speaker 1: the light from the projectors so that it hits the 590 00:32:12,040 --> 00:32:14,360 Speaker 1: precise spots on the inside of the dome, so you 591 00:32:14,440 --> 00:32:18,120 Speaker 1: get that starry night appear. So, yeah, you know, they're multiple. 592 00:32:18,200 --> 00:32:20,920 Speaker 1: The nice thing is is that once you know the 593 00:32:20,960 --> 00:32:23,920 Speaker 1: actual movement of the celestial bodies and you're able to 594 00:32:23,960 --> 00:32:29,040 Speaker 1: represent them accurately, there are multiple ways to actually achieve that, 595 00:32:29,200 --> 00:32:31,640 Speaker 1: and that's the cool thing. Is that we've seen lots 596 00:32:31,680 --> 00:32:34,920 Speaker 1: of different approaches to this particular problem and all of 597 00:32:34,920 --> 00:32:37,480 Speaker 1: them work. They just work in different ways, which is 598 00:32:37,480 --> 00:32:40,280 Speaker 1: pretty awesome. It just shows the ingenuity of people when 599 00:32:40,280 --> 00:32:42,160 Speaker 1: it comes to I want to represent this thing that's 600 00:32:42,200 --> 00:32:44,480 Speaker 1: in nature, how do I do that? And people come 601 00:32:44,560 --> 00:32:47,400 Speaker 1: up with completely different ideas that all work the uh 602 00:32:47,440 --> 00:32:50,960 Speaker 1: you know, equally well, just in different ways. So we 603 00:32:51,040 --> 00:32:53,880 Speaker 1: actually have we have a couple of planetariums here in 604 00:32:53,920 --> 00:32:57,040 Speaker 1: Atlanta that uh you know, I think fern Bank has one, 605 00:32:57,120 --> 00:33:01,000 Speaker 1: but Emory also has one, and uh, Emery is interesting 606 00:33:01,320 --> 00:33:04,400 Speaker 1: for a couple of different reasons. One is that it 607 00:33:04,400 --> 00:33:07,480 Speaker 1: it's a classroom as well as a planetarium, so it 608 00:33:07,520 --> 00:33:11,120 Speaker 1: can actually double up. And in fact, the planetarium stuff 609 00:33:11,160 --> 00:33:13,280 Speaker 1: can fade off into the background so that it can 610 00:33:13,280 --> 00:33:15,640 Speaker 1: just be a regular schoolroom. And by by by fade off, 611 00:33:15,680 --> 00:33:18,080 Speaker 1: you mean you mean sink into the floor like a 612 00:33:18,120 --> 00:33:21,400 Speaker 1: super villain layer. Apparently in Atlanta we have this thing 613 00:33:21,680 --> 00:33:25,960 Speaker 1: about incredible equipment sinking into the floor. It's it's the 614 00:33:26,000 --> 00:33:29,560 Speaker 1: planetarium at Emory, it's the Mighty mo Organ over at 615 00:33:29,600 --> 00:33:31,560 Speaker 1: the Fox Theater. Why don't why don't we have this 616 00:33:31,600 --> 00:33:34,160 Speaker 1: in the office anywhere? Yeah, you know, I think Ben 617 00:33:34,280 --> 00:33:36,440 Speaker 1: sunk into the floor once, but I'm not sure that 618 00:33:36,480 --> 00:33:40,160 Speaker 1: anyone besides me saw it, so I could just be crazy, 619 00:33:40,320 --> 00:33:42,640 Speaker 1: but I don't know. Sometimes he likes to make me 620 00:33:42,680 --> 00:33:44,400 Speaker 1: think that. The other reason why I wanted to bring 621 00:33:44,440 --> 00:33:48,160 Speaker 1: it up is because the planetarium itself has a projector 622 00:33:48,240 --> 00:33:52,280 Speaker 1: called the Zeiss Skymaster z k P three, which is 623 00:33:52,320 --> 00:33:55,840 Speaker 1: cool because it's it's Yeah, it's from the same company 624 00:33:55,880 --> 00:34:00,160 Speaker 1: that made the very first planetarium projector, so again, they're 625 00:34:00,200 --> 00:34:03,000 Speaker 1: still in business, they're still making that. This one was installed, 626 00:34:03,000 --> 00:34:05,080 Speaker 1: I believe in two thousand two, so it wasn't it 627 00:34:05,160 --> 00:34:08,840 Speaker 1: wasn't that long ago. Now, the one at Emory is 628 00:34:08,840 --> 00:34:11,759 Speaker 1: computer controlled. It's got a keyboard for manual input and 629 00:34:11,840 --> 00:34:15,759 Speaker 1: has thirty nine different projecting lenses of different sizes that 630 00:34:15,840 --> 00:34:18,440 Speaker 1: create the stars, planets, and other celestial bodies on the 631 00:34:18,480 --> 00:34:20,920 Speaker 1: inner surface of the dome, and can project more than 632 00:34:21,000 --> 00:34:25,360 Speaker 1: seven thousand individual stars, plus star clusters, nebula galaxies, the 633 00:34:25,400 --> 00:34:28,239 Speaker 1: Milky Way, the planets, Sun, the Moon, and it can 634 00:34:28,280 --> 00:34:33,239 Speaker 1: superimpose lines between stars to illustrate constellations. So if you 635 00:34:33,400 --> 00:34:37,799 Speaker 1: hear about these constellations and you think I just looks 636 00:34:37,800 --> 00:34:41,040 Speaker 1: like a cluster of stars. I don't. I don't get it. 637 00:34:41,320 --> 00:34:46,200 Speaker 1: Then they can actually show the connections that uh the 638 00:34:46,320 --> 00:34:49,160 Speaker 1: inspired the imaginations of people thousands of years ago to 639 00:34:49,200 --> 00:34:54,520 Speaker 1: call the stars wacky things like Oryan. Yeah, I always 640 00:34:54,520 --> 00:34:56,640 Speaker 1: had trouble with those. The only one I could ever 641 00:34:56,680 --> 00:34:58,279 Speaker 1: pick out was O. Ryan, because I could pick out 642 00:34:58,280 --> 00:35:01,560 Speaker 1: A Ryan's belt. But otherwise I was, I was hopeless. 643 00:35:01,560 --> 00:35:02,640 Speaker 1: I was. I was a whiz at it. When I 644 00:35:02,719 --> 00:35:05,720 Speaker 1: was a kid. I had a really big astronomy phase. Yeah, 645 00:35:05,760 --> 00:35:07,920 Speaker 1: I wish I had taken a course in astronomy. I 646 00:35:07,960 --> 00:35:10,480 Speaker 1: never did. Uh. The one that Emory also usually shows 647 00:35:10,480 --> 00:35:13,400 Speaker 1: the sky over Atlanta. Again, no big surprise, but because 648 00:35:13,480 --> 00:35:15,719 Speaker 1: it is a computer system, it's one of those that 649 00:35:15,760 --> 00:35:18,440 Speaker 1: can show you the sky over any given point on 650 00:35:18,520 --> 00:35:21,120 Speaker 1: the art at any given time, so you can set 651 00:35:21,120 --> 00:35:24,279 Speaker 1: it for whenever. Now. Um. The other cool thing about 652 00:35:24,400 --> 00:35:27,239 Speaker 1: is that it's connected to a telescope that's on the 653 00:35:27,280 --> 00:35:30,399 Speaker 1: building's rooftop, and they have a direct video feed from 654 00:35:30,400 --> 00:35:33,719 Speaker 1: the telescope to the planetarium, so for astronomical events you 655 00:35:33,760 --> 00:35:36,319 Speaker 1: can go and you know, yeah, just watch it, and 656 00:35:36,400 --> 00:35:39,279 Speaker 1: just watch it from on the ceiling of this planetarium, 657 00:35:39,320 --> 00:35:41,560 Speaker 1: which is you know, you could see a live event. 658 00:35:41,600 --> 00:35:44,279 Speaker 1: They they've hosted several live events there, not all of 659 00:35:44,280 --> 00:35:47,279 Speaker 1: them were some that you could watch through the telescope. Like, uh, 660 00:35:47,560 --> 00:35:51,320 Speaker 1: I'm pretty sure that the Mars Rover landing you probably 661 00:35:51,320 --> 00:35:54,239 Speaker 1: couldn't see through the telescope. I cannot imagine that would 662 00:35:54,239 --> 00:35:57,520 Speaker 1: be possible now. But but they do show some interesting 663 00:35:57,520 --> 00:36:01,479 Speaker 1: feeds from various sources. So the days, I mean, as 664 00:36:01,520 --> 00:36:04,480 Speaker 1: impressive as that planetarium is and as proud as I 665 00:36:04,520 --> 00:36:07,719 Speaker 1: am as a as a native at Lantin, that's here. Uh, 666 00:36:07,760 --> 00:36:12,160 Speaker 1: there are others that are even more sophisticated. We're talking 667 00:36:12,400 --> 00:36:16,239 Speaker 1: four K or eight K projectors. So you know, think 668 00:36:16,239 --> 00:36:19,080 Speaker 1: of the general rule of thumb, and granted it's a 669 00:36:19,200 --> 00:36:22,120 Speaker 1: rough rule of thumb, is four K means four times 670 00:36:22,160 --> 00:36:27,080 Speaker 1: the the resolution of say a ten eight high definition television. 671 00:36:27,120 --> 00:36:29,439 Speaker 1: That that's when you get into ultra high definition. Yeah, 672 00:36:29,480 --> 00:36:31,719 Speaker 1: this is this is way more high def than your 673 00:36:31,800 --> 00:36:35,719 Speaker 1: local cinema. Yeah, eight K even more so. Uh yeah, 674 00:36:35,760 --> 00:36:37,560 Speaker 1: even if you have a four K cinema near you, 675 00:36:37,680 --> 00:36:40,160 Speaker 1: eight K twice as good really as when you get 676 00:36:40,200 --> 00:36:43,560 Speaker 1: down to it. Again, that's very rough. I mean, anyone 677 00:36:43,560 --> 00:36:47,120 Speaker 1: who's a true video file is cringing when I say this, 678 00:36:47,239 --> 00:36:50,319 Speaker 1: but yeah, you can go and see planetariums use eight 679 00:36:50,400 --> 00:36:52,960 Speaker 1: K projectors. Some of them have full three D effects 680 00:36:52,960 --> 00:36:55,240 Speaker 1: at six D frames per second, so you can actually 681 00:36:55,239 --> 00:36:58,080 Speaker 1: feel like you're floating through space. They can take you 682 00:36:58,120 --> 00:37:01,560 Speaker 1: on on journeys all the way around the Solar System 683 00:37:01,640 --> 00:37:05,120 Speaker 1: and the galaxy. You've got data feeds from all over, 684 00:37:05,160 --> 00:37:08,160 Speaker 1: like including space probes. It's pretty incredible. So oh yeah, yeah, 685 00:37:08,200 --> 00:37:10,719 Speaker 1: some of these things can show over nine thousand stars 686 00:37:10,760 --> 00:37:13,640 Speaker 1: that ago, go backward and forward ten thousand years into 687 00:37:13,680 --> 00:37:16,839 Speaker 1: the past and future. Um and and right take you 688 00:37:16,920 --> 00:37:20,319 Speaker 1: so far beyond Earth to to show any kind of 689 00:37:20,840 --> 00:37:23,520 Speaker 1: any kind of data that we have anywhere in the universe. 690 00:37:23,760 --> 00:37:27,520 Speaker 1: Um and you can you can composite the astronomer's data 691 00:37:27,600 --> 00:37:31,160 Speaker 1: and and artists composits. Yeah, it's fantastic. I love the 692 00:37:31,200 --> 00:37:33,720 Speaker 1: idea of also being able to see things like here's 693 00:37:33,760 --> 00:37:35,520 Speaker 1: what the night sky would look like if you were 694 00:37:35,520 --> 00:37:38,160 Speaker 1: on Mars, right. I mean, that's incredible stuff that we 695 00:37:38,600 --> 00:37:42,160 Speaker 1: clearly most of us are not going to ever have 696 00:37:42,239 --> 00:37:45,040 Speaker 1: the chance of looking at the stars from the surface 697 00:37:45,040 --> 00:37:47,960 Speaker 1: of another planet, or to go into the center or 698 00:37:47,960 --> 00:37:50,200 Speaker 1: a galaxy and check out the black hole there. Yeah, 699 00:37:50,200 --> 00:37:53,840 Speaker 1: I had plans and they got canceled. The other couple 700 00:37:53,880 --> 00:37:55,640 Speaker 1: that was gonna go with us something came up, and 701 00:37:55,920 --> 00:37:58,279 Speaker 1: when that happened, Yeah, so rude. That's the nice thing 702 00:37:58,280 --> 00:38:00,880 Speaker 1: about the planetariums is they give us this opportunity to 703 00:38:01,040 --> 00:38:04,319 Speaker 1: journey to places we physically could not get to and 704 00:38:04,360 --> 00:38:09,800 Speaker 1: really understand more about our galaxy and the way everything 705 00:38:09,880 --> 00:38:12,359 Speaker 1: seems to work in relation to each other based upon 706 00:38:12,360 --> 00:38:14,879 Speaker 1: our knowledge now. And the other nice thing about planetariums 707 00:38:14,960 --> 00:38:20,120 Speaker 1: is that these facilities update as our understanding grows. So 708 00:38:20,280 --> 00:38:23,279 Speaker 1: there are times when we might learn something that ends 709 00:38:23,320 --> 00:38:26,920 Speaker 1: up affecting the way a planetarium is displaying the night sky, 710 00:38:27,160 --> 00:38:31,880 Speaker 1: and it's pretty easy with digital projection to fix it relatively. Yeah, 711 00:38:32,040 --> 00:38:34,120 Speaker 1: and so you might even be able to watch something 712 00:38:34,200 --> 00:38:37,319 Speaker 1: like here's what a supernova looks like. And you know, 713 00:38:37,360 --> 00:38:40,719 Speaker 1: there there have been events in the past where they've 714 00:38:40,760 --> 00:38:44,080 Speaker 1: been amazing astronomical events, but many of them happened before 715 00:38:44,560 --> 00:38:47,279 Speaker 1: most of us were alive, So it'd be really cool 716 00:38:47,360 --> 00:38:50,439 Speaker 1: to be able to see those kind of representations things 717 00:38:50,480 --> 00:38:54,840 Speaker 1: like uh Hallie's comment as another good example, or maybe 718 00:38:54,880 --> 00:38:56,880 Speaker 1: if you wanted to see what it would look like 719 00:38:56,960 --> 00:38:59,200 Speaker 1: with some of the other famous comments that have gone by, 720 00:38:59,400 --> 00:39:02,120 Speaker 1: but you never chance when they actually happened. Maybe it 721 00:39:02,160 --> 00:39:04,680 Speaker 1: was cloudy that day, or maybe you weren't born yet, 722 00:39:05,160 --> 00:39:07,840 Speaker 1: it would give you the opportunity. So super cool stuff. 723 00:39:08,480 --> 00:39:11,279 Speaker 1: Um really interesting again to look into it, and the 724 00:39:11,320 --> 00:39:15,279 Speaker 1: fact that so many different people have created similar but 725 00:39:15,480 --> 00:39:19,560 Speaker 1: different approaches for this same purpose is really cool. I mean, 726 00:39:19,560 --> 00:39:22,840 Speaker 1: it's it's it's rare when we talk about a technology 727 00:39:22,920 --> 00:39:25,560 Speaker 1: where there are all these multiple pathways that get to 728 00:39:25,560 --> 00:39:29,759 Speaker 1: the same destination. Usually we talk about convergence, where you know, 729 00:39:29,840 --> 00:39:32,719 Speaker 1: competing technologies start to fall away until you have a 730 00:39:32,719 --> 00:39:37,000 Speaker 1: clear front runner or maybe two possible ones. But with 731 00:39:37,080 --> 00:39:39,120 Speaker 1: this there are lots of different ways. Oh yeah, and 732 00:39:39,160 --> 00:39:42,920 Speaker 1: all of these interactions with multiple disciplines of of bringing 733 00:39:42,960 --> 00:39:45,840 Speaker 1: together the knowledge that we have been gathering over the 734 00:39:45,880 --> 00:39:49,520 Speaker 1: centuries about the universe around us, along with the optics 735 00:39:49,560 --> 00:39:52,920 Speaker 1: fields that have let us use these technologies to to 736 00:39:53,040 --> 00:39:56,799 Speaker 1: project stuff onto a ceiling. Yeah, I mean it's I mean, 737 00:39:56,840 --> 00:39:59,680 Speaker 1: it sounds it sounds so ludicrously simple when you say 738 00:39:59,719 --> 00:40:01,640 Speaker 1: it that way, right, But yeah, all you have to 739 00:40:01,680 --> 00:40:05,600 Speaker 1: do go to go to a planetarium. Guys, go to 740 00:40:05,640 --> 00:40:09,920 Speaker 1: a planetarium, and especially if the the projector is something 741 00:40:09,960 --> 00:40:12,200 Speaker 1: that's that's in view, take a really good look at 742 00:40:12,239 --> 00:40:14,560 Speaker 1: that thing, because send us pictures of it if they 743 00:40:14,640 --> 00:40:17,200 Speaker 1: let you. They're pretty phenomenal. Yeah. Yeah. And if you 744 00:40:17,239 --> 00:40:20,759 Speaker 1: work at a facility that has a planetarium and you think, hey, 745 00:40:20,800 --> 00:40:23,120 Speaker 1: the tech stuff, guys, they should really go and see 746 00:40:23,160 --> 00:40:27,160 Speaker 1: this place, let us know because we totally would go. Yeah. 747 00:40:27,200 --> 00:40:28,759 Speaker 1: I mean, I like Pink Floyd as much as the 748 00:40:28,800 --> 00:40:32,480 Speaker 1: next guy. So they're one of the planetariums in Atlanta, 749 00:40:32,520 --> 00:40:35,040 Speaker 1: would do Pink Floyd show. I think there would be 750 00:40:35,040 --> 00:40:38,719 Speaker 1: a little lasers that would go on inside and stuff. Um, 751 00:40:39,000 --> 00:40:41,279 Speaker 1: not really my scene, actually, I just I'd like to 752 00:40:41,360 --> 00:40:43,600 Speaker 1: reference it. But no, we really do find this kind 753 00:40:43,600 --> 00:40:46,719 Speaker 1: of stuff fascinating. So guys, if there's a technology that 754 00:40:46,840 --> 00:40:49,479 Speaker 1: you find fascinating but you've always wanted to know more about, 755 00:40:49,600 --> 00:40:51,040 Speaker 1: you want to know the history, you want to know 756 00:40:51,080 --> 00:40:55,000 Speaker 1: how it works, you want to know the the social implications, 757 00:40:55,200 --> 00:40:59,160 Speaker 1: how is it culturally significant? Anything like that. Let us 758 00:40:59,160 --> 00:41:02,759 Speaker 1: not send this email our addresses tech stuffs at Discovery 759 00:41:02,880 --> 00:41:05,680 Speaker 1: dot com, or drop us a line on Facebook, Twitter 760 00:41:05,800 --> 00:41:08,360 Speaker 1: or Tumbler or handle it. All three is tech stuff 761 00:41:08,640 --> 00:41:12,200 Speaker 1: hs WTH and we'll talk to you again really soon 762 00:41:16,320 --> 00:41:18,759 Speaker 1: for more on this and thousands of other topics because 763 00:41:18,800 --> 00:41:29,760 Speaker 1: it has stuff. 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