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Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff You Missed in History Class from how

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Speaker 1: Stuff Works dot com. Hello and welcome to the podcast.

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Speaker 1: I'm Katie Lambert and I'm Sarah Dowdy, and today we

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Speaker 1: will be talking about the diamond fancy jewelry. So, the

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Speaker 1: famed kohe Nor diamond is said to bring trouble to

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Speaker 1: any man who possesses it, but women and gods are

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Speaker 1: very conveniently exempt from very conveniently, so this diamond has

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Speaker 1: the longest history of any extent stone. And even if

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Speaker 1: you don't believe in curses, it has definitely caused its

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Speaker 1: fair share of trouble, maybe because in its heyday, before

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Speaker 1: it was cut down a whole bonnet, it was a

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Speaker 1: hundred and ninety one carrots. It's probably not even on

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Speaker 1: your scale of understanding diamond size off the charts, and

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Speaker 1: it's a kingdom maker or a reason to torture one's

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Speaker 1: own brother, as we will see. But the Culinoor of

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Speaker 1: Old doesn't really exist anymore since eighteen fifty two. It's

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Speaker 1: been kind of in retirement, as Sarah said, because that's

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Speaker 1: when it fell into British hands and was recut into

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Speaker 1: this symmetrical rock that just didn't quite have the messy

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Speaker 1: glory of the old one. Yeah. Since then it's been

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Speaker 1: worn by Queen Victoria and two Queen consorts, avoiding that

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Speaker 1: tricky no manage that the diamond. But unless you've been

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Speaker 1: to the Tower of London lately, the last time you

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Speaker 1: probably thought it was at the Queen Mother's funeral. It

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Speaker 1: was the central stone on her crown of state and

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Speaker 1: so it was on top of her coffin. And this

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Speaker 1: prominent display during the funeral caused a little bit of

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Speaker 1: a stir because the British claim on the stone is

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Speaker 1: pretty dodgy at best. They essentially took it from a minor,

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Speaker 1: from a kid. They took the diamond from a candy

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Speaker 1: from a baby, Yeah exactly. And so it seems that

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Speaker 1: even centuries after as stones really wild history has passed,

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Speaker 1: people are still trying to get their hands on it.

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Speaker 1: Indian MPs have petitioned for the stone to be returned

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Speaker 1: to India. An ancient Seak gentleman has tried to get

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Speaker 1: it back. Even the Taliban made a claim on the

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Speaker 1: stone back in two thousand one. So we've got to

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Speaker 1: wonder what is it about the cohy Noor diamond. So

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Speaker 1: let's start with the diamonds early history. It was likely

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Speaker 1: found in the silt of the Krishna River of India,

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Speaker 1: which was a major diamond spot until African mining began

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Speaker 1: in the eighteen eighties. And the first dated reference to

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Speaker 1: a diamond that could have been the Coeynore was in

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Speaker 1: the late twelve hundreds when Aladdin Kalgi invaded the Deccan

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Speaker 1: Plateau and he came back with loads of treasure, including

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Speaker 1: this mysterious diamond valued at quote half the daily expense

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Speaker 1: of the whole world. Again off the charts, i'd say. So,

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Speaker 1: there's no mention of the stone for about two hundred years,

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Speaker 1: when suddenly it pops up in the hands of the

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Speaker 1: famous conqueror Sahiradin Muhammed Babur after he seizes the Sultanate

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Speaker 1: of Delhi in fix So in kind of a nice

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Speaker 1: moment in the diamond's history, his son, who Manion, finds

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Speaker 1: the jewel and presents it to his father as a tribute,

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Speaker 1: and his father promptly gives it back as a present,

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Speaker 1: so a little nice exchange there. Still it becomes known

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Speaker 1: as Babura's diamond for a little bit at least, because

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Speaker 1: humanion proves to be a weaker ruler than his father.

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Speaker 1: He's also an opium addict, which never really helps with that,

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Speaker 1: and he's shortly deposed. He flees to Persia with this

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Speaker 1: precious stone. He almost loses it in the desert, but

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Speaker 1: he refuses to make a buck by selling it along

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Speaker 1: the way, And that's in line with ancient Eastern views

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Speaker 1: of diamonds. You leave them uncut um or cut to

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Speaker 1: enhance the natural shape. That's why it was Yeah, and

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Speaker 1: it's hidden away and never ever ever sold. Yea sometimes

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Speaker 1: would give it to a temple, but it wasn't something

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Speaker 1: to flaunt or to sell but ther money. And must

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Speaker 1: be okay with giving the diamond away as a gift

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Speaker 1: because once he's settled down in exile, he's looking to

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Speaker 1: start regaining his power and thinks that maybe giving the

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Speaker 1: stone to a potential ally would be a good way

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Speaker 1: to go about that. So at this time it's valued,

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Speaker 1: it's gone up in value. It's valued at the expenditure

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Speaker 1: of the whole universe for two and a half days,

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Speaker 1: so that's a considerable appreciation investment, definitely. But the guy

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Speaker 1: who gets the stone, Shah Tahamas, only sends it to

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Speaker 1: another ruler as a gift. Diamonds are useful in matters

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Speaker 1: of diplomacy, and it disappears from history for a while

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Speaker 1: until sixteen fifty six, when it pops up again. It's

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Speaker 1: mentioned by the French traveler Francois Bernier, and he writes

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Speaker 1: that the Persian vizier had just given quote that celebrated

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Speaker 1: diamond to Shah Jahan, which maybe you remember from I

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Speaker 1: Bring a Bell. He's the taj Mahal builder, yeah, and

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Speaker 1: he seems like exactly the kind of guy who would

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Speaker 1: have this giant diamond. He's also the great grandson of Babura,

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Speaker 1: so somehow or another, this diamond gets back into that

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Speaker 1: family after being given away. But in this case, the

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Speaker 1: diamond brings bad luck because, as we know, Shah Jahan's

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Speaker 1: son a Rungsa, pulls a coup and imprisons his father

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Speaker 1: and eventually even takes his diamond. So this empire begins

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Speaker 1: to decline with our symmetry destroying diamond thief or rung Zeb,

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Speaker 1: and by seventeen thirty eight it falls under the Persian

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Speaker 1: Nadir Shah, who knows if the stone and wants it.

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Speaker 1: But even after he's secured the surrender of the Moghal

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Speaker 1: Emperor Mohammed Shah, he still doesn't have the diamond. Where

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Speaker 1: is there is it? Yeah, he's wondering. He's gotten all

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Speaker 1: this lute already and the diamond is not in it. Finally,

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Speaker 1: a Harem woman and betrays the diamond's hiding spot. It's

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Speaker 1: in the Emperor's turban. So Nader Shaw, being pretty tricky here,

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Speaker 1: makes a peace deal with the emperor. Essentially, the emperor

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Speaker 1: will get to keep his throne as the vassal king,

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Speaker 1: and to cement this deal, they'll exchange their turbans, which

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Speaker 1: is a custom of the time. So you can just

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Speaker 1: imagine the emperor being asked to give his turban away

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Speaker 1: and knowing that diamond is hidden inside. But once Nader

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Speaker 1: Shaw is in possession of the turban, he promptly takes

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Speaker 1: it back to his private quarters and unwraps it. And

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Speaker 1: when he sees the diamond, he cries koey Noor or

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Speaker 1: mountain of light, and that's how it gets the name

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Speaker 1: we know today. But once in possession of the diamond,

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Speaker 1: things really go downhill for Nadir. When he's back in Persia,

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Speaker 1: he starts to lose his mind and begins to butcher

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Speaker 1: his people and blind his son. Perhaps there's a diamond

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Speaker 1: curse ups because he is assassinated in seventeen forty seven

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Speaker 1: and his bodyguard, Akhmed Khan a Dolli, takes the diamond

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Speaker 1: and heads to Afghanistan. And this is where we have

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Speaker 1: sort of the final major stage in our diamond's history. Well,

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Speaker 1: and we've got two kinds of people. There are people

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Speaker 1: who hide their valuables away, they keep their priceless jewelry

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Speaker 1: and safe where it's protected but not really enjoyed, and

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Speaker 1: there are others who like to show it off. Akhmed

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Speaker 1: was the latter, and in his twenty five years spent

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Speaker 1: attacking the Punjab from Afghanistan, he wears this stone on

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Speaker 1: his tunic as a mark of his importance. That's one

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Speaker 1: way to bling it out, definitely. But his son Timour

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Speaker 1: is more of the hide it away type, and when

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Speaker 1: he inherits the stone, he locks it up in Kabul,

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Speaker 1: and it's probably, I don't know, he probably had a

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Speaker 1: good reason for locking up, maybe because he has a

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Speaker 1: lot of sons who all seem to hate each other's guts.

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Speaker 1: And so the diamond becomes the central part in the

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Speaker 1: ongoing battles between all of these sons, and while the

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Speaker 1: brothers duke it out, this is where the torturing your

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Speaker 1: brother to reveal the diamond's whereabouts come in. Um their

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Speaker 1: ongoing multi generational fight with the Punjab starts to take

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Speaker 1: a turn for the worse. A new Punjab leader emerges,

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Speaker 1: a one eyed teen named Renjeet Sing and finally, after

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Speaker 1: every possible combination of brotherly war has been exhausted, one

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Speaker 1: of the sons, the deposed Shah Shuja, is forced to

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Speaker 1: negotiate with Renji in order to regain his throne from

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Speaker 1: his brother and the family diamond is offered as a

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Speaker 1: reward for aid, and that help is offered and given,

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Speaker 1: but Shuja is slow with his reward, and finally ren

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Speaker 1: Jet shows up with six hundred horsemen to claim the stone.

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Speaker 1: This is the line of Punjab after all, so don't

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Speaker 1: mess with so. He also loves to show off his

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Speaker 1: new diamond and wears it on an arm band, which

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Speaker 1: is apparently the arm band I guess without the diamond

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Speaker 1: is also in the British Crown jewels today, which might

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Speaker 1: look a little sad like an empty frame. So as

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Speaker 1: an old man n Jeet takes a final wife. He

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Speaker 1: has some others. This one is Ronnie Jindencore, the daughter

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Speaker 1: of his keeper of the kennel, and they have a son, Delipe,

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Speaker 1: and less than a year later, in eighteen thirty nine,

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Speaker 1: n Jeet dies. So this is where our tragic adventure

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Speaker 1: perhaps begins. Yeah, that's because when Maharaja Runjeet Singh dies,

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Speaker 1: he leaves behind all of these adult sons and this

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Speaker 1: infant prince we just mentioned, and a very powerful army.

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Speaker 1: And this combination proves to be deadly as they run

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Speaker 1: through a series of claimants to the throne, nobody's quite

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Speaker 1: cut out for it. All of them get murdered one

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Speaker 1: by one and the army be comes the law of

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Speaker 1: the state. So finally, just after his sixth birthday, de

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Speaker 1: Leppe saying who's that, youngest prince is declared Maharajah with

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Speaker 1: his mother acting as regent. So he is now the

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Speaker 1: owner of his father's diamond as well as the leader

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Speaker 1: of the Punjab, and he has a pretty cushy early life.

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Speaker 1: He's learning lots of languages, um hunting, falconry. But he

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Speaker 1: is this child ruler and they never fare very well.

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Speaker 1: In our podcast that they don't and you can guess

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Speaker 1: what happens. By eighteen forty five, things are falling apart

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Speaker 1: that army wants payment, the British are starting to move

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Speaker 1: in on this independent territory, and the result is the

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Speaker 1: First Anglo Seek War of eighteen forty five to six,

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Speaker 1: which ends with a major reduction in territory. The Armies

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Speaker 1: defeated and de Leep's kingdom is cut in had half,

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Speaker 1: and that's followed pretty quickly by the Second Anglo Seek

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Speaker 1: War in eighteen forty eight and nine, in which the

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Speaker 1: Seeks completely lose this time, so de Leipp no longer

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Speaker 1: has a kingdom. The British enter Lahore and removed De

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Speaker 1: Leip Singh to a Christian mission town and launch a

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Speaker 1: smear campaign on his mother and imprisoned her for years.

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Speaker 1: So the eleven year old Maharajah is forced to sign

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Speaker 1: away his title, state property and of course the Coheen

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Speaker 1: North Stone of his father's which is now coveted by

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Speaker 1: Queen Victoria. The diamond does get in one little last

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Speaker 1: adventure here. It's comparatively tame to what it's gone through

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Speaker 1: up until now, but um it nearly ruins one more person,

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Speaker 1: and that's this British administrator in India, John Lawrence, and

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Speaker 1: he's been tasked with taking care of the diamond, getting

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Speaker 1: it where it needs to go, and he puts it

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Speaker 1: in a matchbox, and he puts puts that matchbox in

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Speaker 1: his pocket and promptly forgets about it, which I think

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Speaker 1: I would be constantly thinking of the giant diamond I

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Speaker 1: was responsible for in my pocket, But he forgets about it.

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Speaker 1: When he's asked to provide the diamond, he remembers, oh,

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Speaker 1: my gosh, I was the last person who had it.

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Speaker 1: Returns home, talks to his Indian servant, and fortunately this

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Speaker 1: old fellow has saved what he thought was a lump

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Speaker 1: of glass from his pocket before he sent the coat

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Speaker 1: to the cleaner, so narrowly avoid losing this amazing diamond

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Speaker 1: at the last minute here and it's sent to Europe,

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Speaker 1: cut down eight one carrots and starts its existence as

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Speaker 1: a crown jewel. But that's not the end of our

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Speaker 1: story of the boy Maharajah. He has been adopted by

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Speaker 1: a colonial surgeon on us since he's been separated from

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Speaker 1: his mother, and converts to Christianity, and in eighteen fifty

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Speaker 1: four he's sent to England, where he is a big

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Speaker 1: hit with Victoria and supposedly she notes that quote those

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Speaker 1: eyes and those teeth are too beautiful, which we're not

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Speaker 1: sure if that's a little Victorian crush or something incredibly patronizing,

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Speaker 1: maybe leaning from the lager, especially since he's a he's

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Speaker 1: a young teenager at the time. But he lives in London,

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Speaker 1: in in Yorkshire and he's just your typical English gentleman here.

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Speaker 1: He hans, he socializes, he plays the country squire and

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Speaker 1: earns the nickname the Black Prince, and he even becomes

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Speaker 1: a freemason. So this seems like total assimilation, right, Well,

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Speaker 1: we can't forget about his mother, Ronnie Jenden core has

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Speaker 1: he forgotten her? Well, the imprisoned Jenden has since escaped

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Speaker 1: her British jailers. She disguised herself as a slave girl

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Speaker 1: and made her way to Nepal to seek asylum, and

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Speaker 1: Deleppe sees her again finally after thirteen years apart, when

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Speaker 1: he is allowed to return east for a tiger hunting

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Speaker 1: trip um and see her, and he gets permission to

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Speaker 1: bring her back to England because she's no longer seen

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Speaker 1: as a threat she's older, she's sickly, she's nearly blind,

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Speaker 1: you know, been in prison for you. Surely she cannot

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Speaker 1: be fomenting revolution. Well they are wrong about her, because

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Speaker 1: even though she only lives in England for a short

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Speaker 1: time after this, before she dies, she starts planting little

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Speaker 1: seeds of revolt in her son's head, reminding him who

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Speaker 1: he is, what his position is, who his father was,

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Speaker 1: and he starts losing that assimilation which the British have

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Speaker 1: been trying so hard to make complete. And by the

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Speaker 1: time he returns to India in eighteen sixty four to

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Speaker 1: bring his mother's body home, he's starting to think seriously

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Speaker 1: about what he could be. But I don't know. These

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Speaker 1: these thoughts are kind of sidetracked by his formation of

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Speaker 1: a family he's got. He gets other things on his

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Speaker 1: mind pretty quickly. Right. He marries Bomba Mueller, who's part Ethiopian,

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Speaker 1: part German and the daughter of a slave and a

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Speaker 1: teacher and a mission school. She's called a real life Cinderella,

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Speaker 1: and they settle on a Suffolk estate and bring their

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Speaker 1: children up as royalty. But that you know, that seed

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Speaker 1: was planted, and it continues to haunt Deleape and He's

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Speaker 1: also got pressure from a cousin at some point and

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Speaker 1: a officey of the tenth seek Guru, and that finally

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Speaker 1: makes Deleape push for his sovereignty. So he starts demanding

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Speaker 1: that he being reinstated as the Maharaja and that the

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Speaker 1: British restore Punjab. And in eighteen six he actually tries

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Speaker 1: to get back to India, and he hasn't been back

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Speaker 1: since his mother's since returning his mother's body. For this,

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Speaker 1: he's hoping to to reconvert to the Sikh religion, but

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Speaker 1: he's arrested along the way. He converts there, and then

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Speaker 1: he spent the last six years of his life in

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Speaker 1: Paris trying to get the throne back and getting into

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Speaker 1: some really bizarre conspiracy stuff. He's working with Russians and

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Speaker 1: Irish revolutionaries hoping that with this series of distractions and

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Speaker 1: plots they can invade India through the Khaiber Pass. They

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Speaker 1: weren't my first choice when I was thinking of people.

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Speaker 1: He might ally himself. No, definitely not, But again domesticity

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Speaker 1: combined with ill health settle his ambitions a bit. He

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Speaker 1: marries his English mistress in eighteen eighty nine and has

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Speaker 1: two more daughters, and as he approaches death, he reconciles

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Speaker 1: with Queen Victoria. You know, she did very much like

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Speaker 1: him once upon a time. She gives him a full

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Speaker 1: pardon and he dies in Paris and his body is

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Speaker 1: returned to his estate in England. But there's one little

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Speaker 1: interesting note here on the body of his mother and

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Speaker 1: her tomb. So, while researching a book on delete, historian

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Speaker 1: Peter Bance found this gravestone of Jin done in the

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Speaker 1: catacombs of an English chapel, and the marker had been

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Speaker 1: buried in rubble. The catacombs had been in ruins since

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Speaker 1: the nineteen twenties and the marker had been buried in rubble.

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Speaker 1: And here she is, though, so something seems wrong. If

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Speaker 1: de Leipp went back to India with the body of

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Speaker 1: his mother, why is there a tombstone in England. Well,

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Speaker 1: law at the time prevented cremations and in England, yes, sorry,

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Speaker 1: And it took a year for Deleipe to secure passage

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Speaker 1: for him and his mother's body back to India. So

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Speaker 1: in the meantime she was interred in England with this

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Speaker 1: very fine monument. And considering it's just temporary exactly, and

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Speaker 1: the sadness of this story caught the attention of Charles Dickens,

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Speaker 1: who wrote of a quote poor woman whose ashes have

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Speaker 1: been squabbled over. Dickens also made an interesting allusion to

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Speaker 1: her brief power over the British, and he wrote down

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Speaker 1: here in a coffin covered with white velvet and studded

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Speaker 1: with brass and nails, rest the Indian dancing woman whose

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Speaker 1: strong will and bitter enmity towards England caused Lord Dalazie

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Speaker 1: to save her when an exile. That she was the

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Speaker 1: only person our government near feared. And it said that

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Speaker 1: a man who possesses the coyn Ore will rule the world,

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Speaker 1: but will suffer for it. So who could say what

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Speaker 1: would have happened had Ronnie Jindencorp possessed the stone herself.

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Speaker 1: That's our thought to ponder on, and that brings us

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Speaker 1: to listen or mail. Our email today is from Austin

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Speaker 1: who attends Texas Tech University, and he said, as I

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Speaker 1: was listening to your podcast on the Stars of the

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Speaker 1: Wild West, I noticed you mentioned Will Rogers being the

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Speaker 1: loyal Red Raider that I am. I thought I would

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Speaker 1: clue y'all in on something interesting about Will Will was

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Speaker 1: the reason that Texas Tech has a school band. He

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Speaker 1: was the man who gave us the money to travel

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Speaker 1: to Fort Worth to play for the TCU game. He

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Speaker 1: said that he wanted them to hear quote what a

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Speaker 1: real West Texas band sounds like. Ever since, our band

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Speaker 1: has been known as the Going band from raider Land,

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Speaker 1: and we even gave Will a statue at the entrance

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Speaker 1: to our campus. We really liked that one. Thank you,

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Speaker 1: and if you have cool little notes you'd like to

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Speaker 1: send us on aspects of our podcast, feel free to

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Speaker 1: email us at History Podcast at how stuff works dot com.

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Speaker 1: We also have a Twitter feed Missed in History and

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Speaker 1: homepage at www dot how stuff works dot com. For

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Speaker 1: more on this and thousands of other topics, visit how

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